FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G AF Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G TI Autism as a disorder of complex information processing SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE autism; neurobehavioral models; information processing; cognitive profiles ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LEARNING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN; BRAIN-STEM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; LANGUAGE; INDIVIDUALS; TOMOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR AB Numerous neurobehavioral models for autism have been proposed in the decades since a neurologic origin gained acceptance. Research related to these models has resulted in substantial progress in the characterization of the neurocognitive basis of autism. The culmination of considerable research has resulted in support for a neurobehavioral model of autism as a disorder of complex information processing systems. This is a multiple primary cognitive deficit model proposing that the pattern of deficits within and across domains in autism is a reflection of complex information processing demands. This article will first provide an overview of the evolution of neurobehavioral models in autism and then present findings leading to the conceptualization of this model for autism, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Minshew, NJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 3811 OHara St,Bellefield Towers,Suite 430, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM minshewnj@msx.upmc.edu CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 Burack J. A., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P226 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 COURCHESNE E, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V61, P491, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(85)90967-8 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 COURCHESNE E, 1993, ATYPICAL DEFICITS DE, P101 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DUNN M, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P45 GOLDSTEIN G, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P671, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402680 GRILLON C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF02211845 JERNIGAN TL, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P539 JOHNSTON RB, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P159, DOI 10.1002/ana.410100206 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Minshew N, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P86 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P774 Minshew N. J., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P344 Minshew N. J., 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P209, DOI DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.209 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXPT NEUROPSY, V14, P740 MINSHEW NJ, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P255, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.2.255 NEVILLE HJ, 1993, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V5, P235, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.2.235 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 NOVICK B, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90034-9 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P619, DOI 10.1007/BF01046105 ORNITZ EM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P1018 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM SYN RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUMSEY JM, 1984, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V19, P1403 Siegel DJ, 1996, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V8, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02578436 SIGMAN M, 1996, FRONTIERS DEV PSYCHO, P190 TALLAL P, 1973, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V11, P389, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(73)90025-0 TALLAL P, 1973, NATURE, V241, P468, DOI 10.1038/241468a0 Tallal P, 1996, SCIENCE, V271, P81, DOI 10.1126/science.271.5245.81 Tooby J., 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 TRAVIS LL, 1998, MRDD RES REV, V4 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 64 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<129::AID-MRDD10>3.0.CO;2-X PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 106EX UT WOS:000075117900010 ER PT J AU Burger, RA Warren, RP AF Burger, RA Warren, RP TI Possible immunogenetic basis for autism SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE autism; immune system ID EXTENDED HAPLOTYPES; INCREASED FREQUENCY; T-CELLS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; PROTEIN AB Autism results from several different etiologies or combination of pathological mechanisms. Mounting evidence indicates that immune dysfunction along with an environmental pathogen may be factors contributing to the development of some cases of autism. One of the immune deficiencies observed in autism is abnormal T-cell mediated immunity. Another is altered levels of certain classes of antibodies (immunoglobulins), including decreased levels of immunoglobulin A and deficient complement activity, based on the inheritance of a null allele of the C4B gene. In addition to the C4B gene, other genes on chromosome 6 also appear to be associated with autism. In the developing child, genetically determined immune deficiencies might increase the risk for autism in two ways: 1) A pathogen or its toxins might damage the brain, 2) the pathogen might trigger an autoimmune mechanism that would interfere with brain functioning. In the mother, immune deficiency might allow a pathogen to persist in utero, damaging the feta I brain directly or triggering a maternal immune response that creates pathogenesis in the feta I brain, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Burger, RA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CR ALPER CA, 1989, COMPLEMENT INFLAMMAT, V6, P8 AMMANN AJ, 1991, BASIC CLIN IMMUNOL, P322 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x DANIELS WW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V32, P120, DOI 10.1159/000119223 DEGLIESPOSTI MA, 1992, HUM IMMUNOL, V34, P242, DOI 10.1016/0198-8859(92)90023-G Denney DR, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02276236 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V109, P628 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FRASER PA, 1990, TISSUE ANTIGENS, V35, P56, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1990.tb01756.x GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P131 GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01373.x PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P12 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 STUBBS EG, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01543467 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 STUBBS EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01550276 TSALTAS MO, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P91 WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1992, IMMUNOGENETICS, V36, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00215048 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 Warren RP, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P187, DOI 10.1023/A:1025895925178 WARREN RP, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V31, P53, DOI 10.1159/000119172 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 WRIGHT HH, 1990, ANN M AM AC CHILDH A YONK LJ, 1990, IMMUNOL LETT, V25, P341, DOI 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90205-5 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 1998 VL 4 IS 2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<137::AID-MRDD11>3.0.CO;2-W PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 106EX UT WOS:000075117900011 ER PT J AU Castrogiovanni, P Iapichino, S Pacchierotti, C Pieraccini, F AF Castrogiovanni, P Iapichino, S Pacchierotti, C Pieraccini, F TI Season of birth in psychiatry - A review SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE season; birth; psychiatry ID SCHIZOPHRENIC BIRTHS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL DISORDER; GENERAL POPULATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; GENETIC RISK; PSYCHOSES; DISEASE; TEMPERATURE AB Numerous studies suggest that seasonal birth may play a pathogenic role in the development of mental disorders. A birth excess of 10% during winter and spring has been shown in schizophrenia. The few studies carried out on affective disorders revealed a significant increase of births in the first quarter of the year in bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder. Subjects with seasonal affective disorder show a peak of births in May. Data on personality, eating and 'neurotic' disorders are less consistent. At the moment there are no data in the literature about anxiety disorders. C1 Univ Siena, Dept Psychiat, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Castrogiovanni, P (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Psychiat, Piazza Duomo 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy. CR ABERG N, 1989, CLIN EXP ALLERGY, V19, P643, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02761.x ALBRECHT SA, 1990, NURS RES, V38, P118 BARAK Y, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P798 BARRY H, 1961, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V5, P292 Bartlik B D, 1981, J Am Med Womens Assoc, V36, P363 BELL JF, 1994, NATURE, V382, P666 Boddi V, 1996, NATURE, V379, P394, DOI 10.1038/379394a0 BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P508 BOYD JH, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P173 BRADBURY TN, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P569, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.98.3.569 BUCK C, 1978, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V132, P358 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 CROW TJ, 1984, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V145, P243, DOI 10.1192/bjp.145.3.243 Dalen P., 1975, SEASON BIRTH STUDY S Dalén P, 1968, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V203, P55 DAWSON DF, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P1434 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V109, P628 DUDGEON JA, 1973, HLTH TRENDS, V5, P75 FOMBONNE E, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P655 FOSSEY E, 1992, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V37, P299 GARALDA ME, 1989, J ADOLESCENCE, V12, P315 GATTI F, 1993, DISTURBI UMORE CLIN, P95 GERSHON S, 1961, LANCET, V1, P1371 GILBERT C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P153 GOTODA T, 1995, NATURE, V377, P672, DOI 10.1038/377672c0 HAFNER H, 1987, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V236, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF00377422 HANSHAW JB, 1971, J INFECT DIS, V123, P555 HARE E, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V124, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.124.1.81 HARE E, 1981, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V63, P396, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00687.x HARE EH, 1975, AM J PSYCHIAT, V132, P1168 HARE EH, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V119, P49 HARE EH, 1968, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P533 HARE EH, 1972, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V121, P515, DOI 10.1192/bjp.121.5.515 Huntington E., 1938, SEASON BIRTH ITS REL INSEL TR, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, P683 JAMES WH, 1971, J BIOSOC SCI, V3, P309 JONGBLOET PH, 1994, ANN HUM BIOL, V21, P511, DOI 10.1080/03014469400003522 KATSANIS J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P841, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90316-R KINNEY DK, 1978, NATURE SCHIZOPHRENIA, P38 KONDO K, 1989, JPN J HUM GENET, V34, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF01900728 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V17, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00707913 MACHON RA, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P383, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.4.383 MATTOCK C, 1988, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V51, P753, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.753 MELTZER AA, 1989, CHRONOBIOL INT, V6, P285, DOI 10.3109/07420528909056930 MODESTIN J, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P140, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09755.x MOURIDSEN SE, 1994, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V25, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02251098 NIELSEN S, 1992, INT J EAT DISORDER, V11, P25, DOI 10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<25::AID-EAT2260110105>3.0.CO;2-2 NOLTING WJJ, 1954, NED T GENEESKD, V79, P528 ODEGARD O, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V125, P397, DOI 10.1192/bjp.125.4.397 ODEGARD O, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V131, P339, DOI 10.1192/bjp.131.4.339 O'Moore M, 1972, J Ir Med Assoc, V65, P114 OPLER LA, 1984, J NERV MENT DIS, V172, P317, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198406000-00002 PARKER G, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V129, P355, DOI 10.1192/bjp.129.4.355 PECKHAM CS, 1978, J ROY COLL PHYS LOND, V12, P250 PHILPOT M, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P662 PINTO AG, 1996, 10 WORLD C PSYCH MAD PULVER AE, 1981, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V114, P735 PURI BK, 1995, BRIT J CLIN PRACT, V49, P129 REVELEY AM, 1984, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V144, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.144.1.89 REZAUL I, 1996, INT J EAT DISORDER, V19, P3 Rezaul I, 1996, INT J EAT DISORDER, V19, P53, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199601)19:1<53::AID-EAT7>3.0.CO;2-V Richter J, 1990, Arztl Jugendkd, V81, P55 SACCHETTI E, 1985, SEASON BIRTH CEREBRA SADOVNICK AD, 1994, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V89, P190 SELTEN JP, 1997, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V42, P257 SHIMURA M, 1977, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V55, P225, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00166.x SHUR E, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V140, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.140.4.410 STROBER M, 1990, INT J EAT DISORDER, V9, P239, DOI 10.1002/1098-108X(199005)9:3<239::AID-EAT2260090302>3.0.CO;2-7 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TEMPLER DI, 1992, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V85, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04007.x TORREY EF, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V134, P183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.134.2.183 TORREY EF, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1065 TORREY EF, 1997, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V42, P260 TROISE C, 1989, ALLERGOL IMMUNOPATH, V17, P201 TSUANG MT, 1981, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V38, P535 VIDEBECH T, 1974, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V50, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1974.tb08209.x WATSON CG, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P85 WEALE R, 1993, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V77, P214, DOI 10.1136/bjo.77.4.214 ZIPURSKY RB, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P1288, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90040-0 NR 79 TC 67 Z9 67 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 1998 VL 37 IS 4 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1159/000026499 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA ZV587 UT WOS:000074320000002 PM 9648124 ER PT J AU Sponheim, E AF Sponheim, E TI Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of childhood autism SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Oslo, Natl Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Dept Grp Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. RP Sponheim, E (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Natl Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Dept Grp Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. CR SPONHEIM E, 1998, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DIAG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-9488 J9 NORD J PSYCHIAT JI Nord. J. Psychiatr. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 6 BP 557 EP 558 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 158VW UT WOS:000078139000020 ER PT J AU Green, DW AF Green, DW TI Bilingualism and thought SO PSYCHOLOGICA BELGICA LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE; LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY; WHORFIAN HYPOTHESIS; LANGUAGE; ENGLISH; MEMORY; CONTRASTS; ADULTS; AUTISM AB This paper considers a Whorfian view of the relationship between language and thought in bilinguals, relating it to the speech production model of Levelt and colleagues and to the social contexts in which language use occurs. Bilingualism may produce general cognitive effects (e.g., enhanced skills in selective attention) and language-specific cognitive effects (e.g., differences in spatial descriptions as a function of language). Evaluation of experimental data provides no support for the general cognitive effects considered. In contrast, language-specific cognitive effects are demonstrable cross-linguistically but there is a lack of research on such effects within bilinguals. The paper doses with some suggestions for research. C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 6B7, England. RP Green, DW (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6B7, England. EM d.w.green@ucl.ac.uk CR Baker C., 1996, FDN BILINGUAL ED BIL Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARSALOU LW, 1983, MEM COGNITION, V11, P211, DOI 10.3758/BF03196968 BATES E, 1996, CROSSLINGUISTIC STUD, P225 BENZEEV S, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P1009, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01260.x BEST CT, 1988, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V14, P345, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.14.3.345 BIALYSTOK E, 1994, LANGUAGE PROCESSING Bialystok E., 1992, COGNITIVE PROCESSING, P501 BIERWISCH M, 1992, COGNITION, V42, P23, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90039-K Bowerman M., 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P145 Brysbaert M, 1998, COGNITION, V66, P51, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00006-7 Cheng LRL, 1996, TOP LANG DISORD, V16, P9 Clark H, 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, pS CLYNE MG, 1980, CAN J PSYCHOL, V34, P400, DOI 10.1037/h0081102 Cook V., 1997, TUTORIALS BILINGUALI, P279 COOK VJ, 1990, LANG LEARN, V40, P557, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00606.x Coppieters R., 1987, LANGUAGE, V63, P545 CRONBCH LJ, 1970, ESSENTIALS PSYCHOL T Davies IRL, 1997, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V88, P493 De Bot K., 1993, BILINGUAL LEXICON, P191 DEBOT K, 1992, APPL LINGUIST, V13, P1, DOI 10.1093/applin/13.1.1 DIAZ RM, 1994, LANGUAGE PROCESSING, P167 DIAZ RM, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1376 DIJKSTRA T, 1998, LOCALIST CONNECTIONI Dresp B, 1997, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V16, P489 Dupoux E, 1997, J MEM LANG, V36, P406, DOI 10.1006/jmla.1996.2500 Ellis N. C., 1995, Computer Assisted Language Learning, V8, DOI 10.1080/0958822940080202 ELMN JL, 1996, RETHINKING INNATENES Fodor J. A., 1975, LANGUAGE THOUGHT Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GALAMBOS SJ, 1990, COGNITION, V34, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90030-N GARRO LC, 1986, AM ANTHROPOL, V88, P128, DOI 10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00090 Grainger J., 1993, BILINGUAL LEXICON, P11 Green D., 1993, BILINGUAL LEXICON, P249 Green D. W., 1998, BILING-LANG COGN, V1, P67, DOI [10.1017/S1366728998000133, DOI 10.1017/S1366728998000133] Grosjean F., 1997, TUTORIALS BILINGUALI, P225 Grosjean F., 1982, LIFE 2 LANGUAGES INT GROSJEAN F, 1998, IN PRESS INTERPRETIN, V3 Grosjean F., 1996, CULTURAL LANGUAGE DI, P20 Grosjean F., 1985, J MULTILING MULTICUL, V6, P467, DOI DOI 10.1080/01434632.1985.9994221 Gumperz J. J., 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P21 Gumperz John, 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P374 Hamers Josiane, 1989, BILINGUALITY BILINGU HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HEIDER ER, 1972, J EXP PSYCHOL, V93, P10, DOI 10.1037/h0032606 HOFFMAN C, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1097, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1097 HUNT E, 1991, PSYCHOL REV, V98, P377, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.377 IANCOWOR.AD, 1972, CHILD DEV, V43, P1390, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1972.tb02093.x JACKENDOFF R, 1987, COGNITION, V26, P89, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(87)90026-6 JOHNSON J, 1994, LANGUAGE PROCESSING, P193 Johnson-Laird P. N., 1983, MENTAL MODELS COGNIT Karmiloff-Smith A., 1992, MODULARITY DEV PERSP KEMPEN G, 1987, COGNITIVE SCI, V11, P201 KOLINSKY R, 1990, PSYCHOL BELG, V30, P49 Kroll J. F., 1997, TUTORIALS BILINGUALI, P169 LANDAU B, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P217 Lee Penny, 1996, WHORF THEORY COMPLEX LEVELT W, 1989, SPEAKING INTENTION A LEVELT WJM, IN PRESS BEHAV BRAIN Levinson S. C., 1996, LANGUAGE SPACE, P109 Levinson S.C, 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P177 Lewis D., 1969, CONVENTION PHILOS ST LUCY J., 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P37 LUCY JA, 1979, AM ANTHROPOL, V81, P581, DOI 10.1525/aa.1979.81.3.02a00040 MCKENNA FP, 1984, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V47, P593, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.47.3.593 MILLER GA, 1956, PSYCHOL REV, V63, P81, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.343 MILROY L, 1995, ONE SPEAKER 2 LANGUA MOHANTY K, 1992, PHARMACOPSYCHOECOLOG, V5, P57 OMAHONY M, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V68, P275 Paradis M., 1997, TUTORIALS BILINGUALI, P331 Paradis M., 1995, ASPECTS BILINGUAL AP, P1 Paradis M., 1994, IMPLICIT EXPLICIT LE, P393 PEAL E, 1962, PSYCHOL MONOGR, V76, P1 Peterson M.A., 1996, LANGUAGE SPACE, P553 Pinker S., 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT NE POLKA L, 1994, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V20, P421, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.421 POSNER MI, 1990, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V13, P25, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.13.1.25 POULISSE N, 1994, APPL LINGUIST, V15, P36, DOI 10.1093/applin/15.1.36 Poulisse N., 1997, TUTORIALS BILINGUALI, P201 Roelofs A, 1997, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V26, P33, DOI 10.1023/A:1025060104569 Saer DJ, 1923, B J PSYCHOL-GEN SECT, V14, P25 Saussure Ferdinand de, 1959, COURSE GEN LINGUISTI Segalowitz N., 1995, Computer Assisted Language Learning, V8, DOI 10.1080/0958822940080203 SLOBIN DI, 1996, RETHINKING LINGUISTI, P177 Sperber D., 1986, RELEVANCE COMMUNICAT Tversky Barbara, 1996, LANGUAGE SPACE, P463 VANGELDER T, 1990, COGNITIVE SCI, V14, P355 VYGOTSKY LS, 1960, CONCEPT ACITIVITY SO Whorf B. L., 1956, LANGUAGE THOUGHT REA Wierzbicka A., 1985, POLISH PEOPLE CULTUR, P187 Witkin H. A., 1962, PSYCHOL DIFFERENTIAT ZIGLER E, 1963, CONTEMP PSYCHOL, V8, P133 NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 PU BELGIAN PSYCHOL SOC PI LOUVAIN PA TIENSESTRAAT 102, 3000 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0033-2879 J9 PSYCHOL BELG JI Psychol. Belg. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 276 PG 26 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 187GN UT WOS:000079778900008 ER PT J AU Akande, A AF Akande, A TI Self-monitoring of autistic behavior SO PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ON-TASK BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN AB Self-monitoring has widespread applicabiliy as an intervention procedure. The investigator aimed to replicate and extend the Handleman and Harris (1984) findings of positive relationship between reisforcement and play, by using a self-monitoring intervention procedure with children with autism. This paper further examines the appropriateness for African children of the self-monitoring intervention procedure. The results of the effects of self-monitoring by undergraduate tutors using the frequency of reinforcement and play are reported. Tentative comparisons of the African data with those of previously reported American children of the same age indicated that the children sampled from Nigeria were more similar in terms of greater play behavior demonstrated by each child during the self-monitoring condition. Recommendations for future research are made. C1 Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. RP Akande, A (reprint author), Univ Western Cape, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. CR AKANDE A, 1996, UNPUB STRUCTURED LEA American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLICK DW, 1987, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V10, P203, DOI 10.2307/1510493 BRIGGS SR, 1986, J PERS, V54, P106, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00391.x CHRISTIE DJ, 1984, BEHAV MODIF, V8, P391, DOI 10.1177/01454455840083006 CUTLER BL, 1989, J RES PERS, V23, P410, DOI 10.1016/0092-6566(89)90011-1 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FOWLER SA, 1986, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V52, P573 GLASGOW RE, 1981, BEHAV THER, V12, P177, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(81)80070-6 HANDLEMAN JS, 1986, ED DEV DISABLED M NE HANDLEMAN JS, 1984, CHILD YOUTH CARE Q, V13, P68, DOI 10.1007/BF01115309 HARRIS KR, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-417 HARRIS SL, 1988, CHILD BEHAV THERAPY, P129 HARRIS SL, 1993, HDB BEHAV THERAPY PS, P499 HULL CH, 1984, SPSSX X KAPADIA ES, 1988, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V26, P49, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(88)90031-3 KIBURZ CS, 1984, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V10, P47 MCCURDY BL, 1988, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V26, P371, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(88)90044-1 NELSON CM, 1971, BEHAV THER, V2, P594 OLLENDICK TH, 1981, BEHAV MODIF, V5, P75, DOI 10.1177/014544558151006 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHREIBMAN L, 1988, CHILD BEHAV THERAPY, P141 Shapiro E. S., 1993, HDB CHILD ADOLESCENT, P124 SNYDER M, 1974, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V30, P526, DOI 10.1037/h0037039 Snyder M., 1979, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V12, P85, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60260-9 STUDWELL P, 1984, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V21, P450, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(198410)21:4<450::AID-PITS2310210409>3.0.CO;2-5 SUGAI G, 1984, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V19, P23 Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL WATKINS D, 1994, INT J PSYCHOL, V29, P165, DOI 10.1080/00207599408246540 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PI COLUMBUS PA C/O DR. CASIMIR KOWALSKI, OHIO STATE UNIV, COLLEGE BUSINESS, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0033-3077 J9 PSYCHOLOGY JI Psychology PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA 120XY UT WOS:000075984100004 ER PT S AU Page, T Coleman, M AF Page, T Coleman, M BE Griesmacher, A Chiba, P Muller, MM TI De novo purine synthesis is increased in the fibroblasts of purine autism patients SO PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM IN MAN IX SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint IXth International / 6th European Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man CY JUN 01-07, 1997 CL GMUNDEN, AUSTRIA C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Page, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CR COLEMAN M, 1974, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V31, P238 COLEMAN M, 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES, P183 GILBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P211 HOOFT C, 1968, ARCH DIS CHILD, V43, P734 Howell R. R., 1983, METABOLIC BASIS INHE, P141 KAIHARA H, 1974, B TOKYO REHAB CTR, P1 PAGE T, 1981, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V4, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF02263652 PAGE T, 1992, NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTA, P177 Wyngaarden JB, 1983, METABOLIC BASIS INHE, P1043 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45778-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1998 VL 431 BP 793 EP 796 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BL03G UT WOS:000074086600152 PM 9598172 ER PT J AU Begni, B Molteni, M Nobile, M Frigerio, A Ferrarese, C AF Begni, B Molteni, M Nobile, M Frigerio, A Ferrarese, C TI Serotonin uptake in platelets from child neuropsychiatric patients SO SAGGI-NEUROPSICOLOGIA INFANTILE PSICOPEDAGOGIA RIABILITAZIONE LA Italian DT Article DE depression; platelets; serotonin ID DEPRESSION; MARKERS AB Serotonin uptake abnormalities have been widely described in depressed adult patients. However, few studies analyzed this peripheral marker of serotonergic system in child neuropsychiatric disorders, despite the clinical use of serotonin uptake inhibitors in these syndromes. In this preliminary study, we investigated possible modifications of serotonin uptake in platelets from 34 child neuropsychiatric patients, aged 7-16, devided, according to the ICD-10 classification, into the following cathegories: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), child autism, anxious syndromes, dysthymia. 10 normal age and sex related children were used as controls. Serotonin uptake was determined in fresh platelet preparations, using [H-3]serotonin, according to the method of Arora and Meltzer. Platelet serotonin uptake was decreased by 60% (p<0.01), respect to controls, both in ADHD and dysthymic patients, while it was unchanged in anxious syndromes and slightly decreased in autistic disorder. Anxiety, depression and behavioral scales were applied. Possible correlations between uptake changes and behavioral scales have been investigated. The similar decrease of serotonin uptake in children with affective disorders and ADHD suggests common biological mechanisms and explains the efficacy of uptake inhibitors in these syndromes. C1 Ist Sci E Medea, IRCCS, Assoc La Nostra Famiglia, Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy. Univ Milan, Osped San Gerardo, Neurol Clin, Monza, Italy. CR Achenbach T. M., 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C ARORA RC, 1981, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V112, P225, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90381-8 DANDREA G, 1991, CEPHALALGIA, V11, P197, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1104197.x DAPRADA M, 1988, EXPERIENTIA, V44, P115 ELLIS PM, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P292, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90626-2 ERNOUF D, 1993, LIFE SCI, V52, P989, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90190-E HRDINA PD, 1995, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V20, P11 MANGANO RM, 1981, J NEUROCHEM, V36, P1067, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01701.x MELTZER HY, 1981, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V38, P1322 RAVINDRAN AV, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P21 RISCH SC, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V53, P3 Scheffel U, 1994, NIDA Res Monogr, V138, P111 SHELINE YI, 1995, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V37, P442, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00160-5 SHELINE YI, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V12, P315, DOI 10.1016/0893-133X(94)00097-J VANPRAAG HM, 1982, LANCET, V2, P1259 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASSON DIVISIONE PERIODICI PI MILAN PA VIA FRATELLI BRESSAN 2, 20126 MILAN, ITALY SN 0390-5179 J9 SAGGI JI Saggi-Neuropsicol. Infant. Psicopedag. Riabil. PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychology GA ZR429 UT WOS:000073974700002 ER PT J AU Lai, KYC Pang, AHT Wong, CK Lum, F Lo, MK AF Lai, KYC Pang, AHT Wong, CK Lum, F Lo, MK TI Characteristics of dropouts from a child psychiatry clinic in Hong Kong SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTRITION; DISORDER; SERVICE AB There is, to date, no study on the pattern of dropping out from child and adolescent psychiatry clinics in a non-western setting. This study aims to investigate this phenomenon in Hong Kong. The database and medical charts of 235 new cases were reviewed 1 year after the initial assessments. The clinical, demographic, and family data of the dropout and non-dropout groups were compared. An overall dropout rate of 27.2% was found. Boys and children with attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder and infantile autism were less likely to drop out. No interaction with gender was found. Compared with western literature, there are some important differences in the factors associated with dropping out of treatment. Our study highlights the importance of sociocultural influences on the characteristics of clinic dropouts. C1 Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Shatin, Hong Kong. RP Lai, KYC (reprint author), Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Shatin, Hong Kong. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARMBRUSTER P, 1994, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V45, P804 CHEN SCL, 1986, MENTAL HLTH HONG KON CHEUNG FMC, 1988, PSYCHOL CHINESE PEOP, P171 COHEN RL, 1970, SOC PSYCHIATR, V5, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF00594717 COLE JK, 1967, PSYCHOTHER-THEOR RES, V4, P107, DOI 10.1037/h0087951 COTTRELL D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P201, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.2.201 Dixon A. S., 1995, Hong Kong Medical Journal, V1, P190 GARRALDA ME, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.1.81 GOULD MS, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P316, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61093-1 GRAHAM P, 1973, P ROY SOC MED, V66, P1226 *HONG KONG GOV CEN, 1992, HONG KONG 1991 POP C LAI KYC, 1994, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V28, P412, DOI 10.3109/00048679409075867 MCADOO WG, 1973, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V40, P328, DOI 10.1037/h0034566 NOVICK J, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P834, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198102000-00012 OFFORD DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P832 PLUNKETT JW, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V40, P372, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198401)40:1<372::AID-JCLP2270400169>3.0.CO;2-Q SHAFFER D, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1228 SINGH H, 1982, J PSYCHIAT TREAT EV, V4, P257 SIRLES EA, 1990, COMMUNITY MENT HLT J, V26, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF00752725 WONG CK, 1987, METHOD INFORM MED, V26, P195 WONG CK, 1990, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V2, P331 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YL967 UT WOS:000071013400008 PM 9448445 ER PT J AU Skvortsov, IA Bashina, VM Nefedova, IV AF Skvortsov, IA Bashina, VM Nefedova, IV TI Therapy of atypic autism in Martin-Bell's syndrome SO ZHURNAL NEVROPATOLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA LA Russian DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN AB The paper reports the case of sibs, brother and sister, with Martin-Bell's syndrome confirmed cytogenetically. Mental retardation and autism were the main phenomena in the clinical picture. Positive effect was achieved by means of Skvortsov-Osipenko method (metameric injection of cerebral hydrolysates' preparations, stimulation of visual, acoustic and proprioceptive analyzers). A decline of the signs of intellectual retardation and autism were observed in both children. C1 Moscow Psychoneurol Disabil Prevent & Treatment S, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow 109801, Russia. RP Skvortsov, IA (reprint author), Moscow Psychoneurol Disabil Prevent & Treatment S, Moscow, Russia. CR COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 Hashimoto Toshiaki, 1994, No To Hattatsu, V26, P480 KOZLOVA SI, 1987, NASLEDSTVENNYE SINDR MARINICHEVA GS, 1988, UMSTVENNAYA OTSTALOS Panousek V, 1994, Cesk Psychiatr, V90, P20 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 SCHIFTER T, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P155 SKVORTSOV IA, 1989, ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH, V89, P23 SKVORTSOV IA, 1991, METOD KOMPLEKSNOI ST ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 PU IZD VO MEDITSINA PI MOSCOW PA PETROVERIGSKII PER 6-8, K-142 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0044-4588 J9 ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH JI Zhurnal Nevropatol. Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova PY 1998 VL 98 IS 10 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry GA 132ZG UT WOS:000076661500004 PM 9819883 ER PT J AU Gustafsson, L AF Gustafsson, L TI Inadequate cortical feature maps: A neural circuit theory of autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; perception; discrimination; neural networks; feature maps; self-organization ID CHILDS APPRAISAL; EXPRESSIONS; EMOTION AB The autistic syndromes are caused by neurological dysfunctions. The capacity of autistic individuals to form representations of previous sensory impressions, useful for the processing of present information, is impaired. Self-organizing feature maps are mathematical models of cortical feature maps and may be used to simulate cortical processing. Dysfunctional self-organization, resulting in disability to extract features from stimuli, is proposed as a neural circuit theory of autism. The nature and a possible cause of dysfunctional self-organization are examined It is shown that impaired feature detection is valid for explaining the memory function in autism, the lack of drive for central coherence according to Frith's theory of autism, and a number of impairments from the diagnostic criteria. Unequal levels of impairment of different cortical feature maps can account for the typically uneven intelligence profile of autistic individuals. Excessive inhibitory lateral feedback synaptic connection strengths are presented as one factor impairing the development of feature maps. Strong or excessive inhibitory lateral feedback synaptic connection strengths also cause high sensory discrimination and abnormal sensory responses, both documented in autism. A neural circuit theory for autism has been presented For a proof of this neural circuit theory neurological investigations are required. (C) 1997 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Gustafsson, L (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson J. A., 1995, INTRO NEURAL NETWORK Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 COHEN IL, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P5, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90057-4 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GERLAND G, 1996, RIKTIG MANNISKA GILLBERG C, 1992, CLIN DEV MED, V126 GUSTAFSSON L, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Happe FGE, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.007 Haykin S, 1994, NEURAL NETWORKS COMP Hebb D.O., 1949, ORG BEHAV NEUROPSYCH Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P141 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kandel E.R., 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P1009 KANDEL ER, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P440 Kandel ER, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P945 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kohonen T., 1984, SELF ORG ASS MEMORY KOHONEN T, 1988, COMPUTER, V21, P11, DOI 10.1109/2.28 Kohonen T., 1995, SELF ORG MAPS MARCUS CM, 1991, NEURAL INFORMATION P, V3, P98 Mason C., 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P420 Mountcastle V.B., 1968, MED PHYSL, VII, P1372 MOUNTCASTLE VB, 1957, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V20, P408 RATLIFFE F, 1974, STUDIES EXCITATION I Ritter H, 1992, NEURAL COMPUTATION S SPITZER M, 1995, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V8, P317, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199509000-00011 SPITZER M, 1995, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V36, P83, DOI 10.1016/S0010-440X(95)90103-5 TESSIERLAVIGNE M, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P400 NR 32 TC 71 Z9 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1138 EP 1147 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00141-8 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA YM224 UT WOS:000071042200009 PM 9426884 ER PT J AU Roux, S Bruneau, N Garreau, B Guerin, P Adrien, JL Dansart, P Gomot, M Barthelemy, C AF Roux, S Bruneau, N Garreau, B Guerin, P Adrien, JL Dansart, P Gomot, M Barthelemy, C TI Bioclinical profiles of autism and other developmental disorders using a multivariate statistical approach SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorders; evoked potentials; correspondence analysis; cluster analysis ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; IDENTIFICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; RESPONSES; SUBTYPES AB To study the relationships between clinical and biological data that are necessary for physiopathological analysis in the field of developmental disorders, we developed a quantified grouping system, based on four developmental assessment parameters. Parallel with this clinical research, we developed electrophysiological procedures adapted to the pathology of autism. In this paper, we report the utilization of an original multivariate descriptive statistical approach (correspondence analysis followed by cluster analysis) that allowed us to identify different bioclinical profiles using these clinical and electrophysiological data conjointly, These profiles are believed to be evidence for different underlying cerebral dysfunctions, This procedure proved effective in identifying two main bioclinical dimensions in a population of 145 developmentally disordered children. These dimensions reflect the association of intellectual impairment and centroparietal electrophysiological reactivity on the one hand, and autistic behavior and temporal electrophysiological reactivity on the other. This study, performed on a large population of children using objective methods of data analysis, provides validation of numerous multidisciplinary studies of autism and other developmental disorders carried out on small samples of children. (C) 1997 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 CHU Bretonneau, INSERM U316, Lab Neurophysiol Dev, F-37044 Tours, France. RP Roux, S (reprint author), CHU Bretonneau, INSERM U316, Lab Neurophysiol Dev, 2 Bd Tonnelle, F-37044 Tours, France. CR ADRIEN JL, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V22, P117, DOI 10.1159/000118604 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARNET AB, 1967, NATURE, V214, P252, DOI 10.1038/214252a0 BARTHELEMY C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P137 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 Benzecri Jean-Paul, 1973, TAXINOMIE, V2 Benzecri JP, 1969, METHODOLOGIES PATTER, P35 Benzecri JP, 1973, ANAL DONNEES, VI Bruneau N, 1997, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V34, P32, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02413.x Bruneau N, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P584 BRUNEAU N, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V62, P364, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(85)90045-0 BRUNEAU N, 1990, BRAIN BEHAVIOR CHILD, P217 Brunet O, 1983, DEV PSYCHOL PREMIERE BUITELAAR JK, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY A CAMPBELL M, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P194 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 DAWSON G, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P493, DOI 10.1007/BF02211869 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 GASSER T, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P638 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS NORMAL HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 HAMON JF, 1995, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V25, P196, DOI 10.1016/0987-7053(96)80175-4 HOFFMAN DL, 1986, J MARKETING RES, V23, P213, DOI 10.2307/3151480 Lebart L, 1984, MULTIVARIATE DESCRIP Lelord G., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P335 LELORD G, 1973, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V10, P415, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00799.x MARTINEAU J, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF01486968 NOVICK B, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P107, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90052-9 PERRONBORELLI M, 1978, ECHELLES EFFICIENCES RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 Roux S, 1997, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V10, P28 Roux S, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P249 ROUX S, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P192 SHERMAN M, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P511, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00001 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SKINNER HA, 1982, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V50, P727, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.50.5.727 SMALL JG, 1975, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V10, P385 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 Wechsler D., 1981, ECHELLE INTELLIGENCE NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1148 EP 1156 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00469-6 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA YM224 UT WOS:000071042200010 PM 9426885 ER PT J AU Wing, L AF Wing, L TI The autistic spectrum SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CASE-HISTORIES; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; DISORDER; EPIDEMIOLOGY RP Wing, L (reprint author), CTR SOCIAL & COMMUN DISORDERS,ELLIOT HOUSE,113 MASONS HILL,BROMLEY BR2 9HT,KENT,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P66 ANDERSON G, 1997, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV, P325 Arvidsson T., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P163, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012004 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BORDEN MC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02172210 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x BROOK SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF01046403 CASS HD, 1994, ARCH DIS CHILD, V70, P192 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 Clarke A. M., 1976, EARLY EXPERIENCE MYT COX A, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P146, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.146 Critchley M, 1932, BRAIN, V55, P311, DOI 10.1093/brain/55.3.311 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DeMyer M. K., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P169 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01537626 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x Eisenmajer R, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00022 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF01046406 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GILLBERG C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P365 GILLBERG C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF02212857 GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01531665 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P381, DOI 10.1007/BF02172235 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG G, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG G, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GILLBERG G, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT Grandin T., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P105 Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES GRANDIN T, 1986, EMERGENCE LABELLED A Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND Howlin P, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P55 Howlin P., 1997, AUTISM PREPARING ADU Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 Jordan R. R., 1995, UNDERSTANDING TEACHI Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L. E. L., 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P55 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x Lane H., 1977, WILD BOY AVEYRON LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 MORGAN H, 1996, ADULTS AUTISM GUIDE OCONNOR N, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P391, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00732.x Powell S, 1997, AUTISM LEARNING GUID REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 Rimland B, 1965, INFANTILE AUTISM RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SHAH A, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P153 SHAH A, 1982, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V3, P303, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(82)90022-4 TAFT LT, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P327, DOI 10.1007/BF01557352 TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P777, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.777 Treffert D. A., 1989, EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 Turk J., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P175, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012005 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE, P252 Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP Wing L, 1996, BRIT MED J, V312, P327 Wing L., 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM WING L, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V119, P268 Wing L., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P129 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.5.410 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 Wing L, 1997, J FORENSIC PSYCHIATR, V8, P253, DOI 10.1080/09585189708412008 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 Wolff S., 1995, LONERS LIFE PATH UNU World Health Organization, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE, P147 NR 91 TC 154 Z9 160 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 13 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9093 BP 1761 EP 1766 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09218-0 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL554 UT WOS:A1997YL55400042 PM 9413479 ER PT J AU Scourfield, J McGuffin, P Thapar, A AF Scourfield, J McGuffin, P Thapar, A TI Genes and social skills SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; META-ANALYSIS; ABILITY; TWIN AB Evidence for one or more loci on the human X chromosome influencing social cognition was recently presented by Skuse ef al.((1)). The imprinted locus is only expressed from a paternally inherited X chromosome, which means that boys do not express it because their only X chromosome comes from their mother. This raises the possibility of genetic as well as cultural influences on sex differences in behaviour and cognition. It may also offer some explanation for why boys are more vulnerable to developmental disorders that affect social behaviour, such as autism. C1 Univ Wales Coll Med, Div Psychol Med, Cardiff CF4 4XN, S Glam, Wales. Univ Manchester, Royal Manchester Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Manchester M27 4HA, Lancs, England. RP Scourfield, J (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Med, Div Psychol Med, Heath Pk, Cardiff CF4 4XN, S Glam, Wales. RI turton, miranda/F-4682-2011; McGuffin, Peter/A-1565-2012 OI McGuffin, Peter/0000-0002-9888-2907 CR BENBOW CP, 1988, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V11, P169 CHIPUER HM, 1990, INTELLIGENCE, V14, P11, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(90)90011-H DEFRIES JC, 1979, BEHAV GENET, V9, P23 DISTECHE CM, 1995, TRENDS GENET, V11, P17, DOI 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)88981-7 EAGLY AH, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P145, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.50.3.145 Halpern D. F., 1992, SEX DIFFERENCES COGN HERSHBERGER SL, 1994, J APPL PSYCHOL, V79, P24, DOI 10.1037//0021-9010.79.1.24 HOLDEN C, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P959, DOI 10.1126/science.1887227 HYDE JS, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V104, P53, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.104.1.53 KAMIN I, 1974, SCI POLITICS IQ KESSLER RC, 1992, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V62, P257, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.257 LINN MC, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1479, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00213.x LOEHLIN JC, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1285, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.44.10.1285 Maccoby E. E., 1974, PSYCHOL SEX DIFFEREN MASTERS MS, 1993, BEHAV GENET, V23, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF01067434 MCGUFFIN P, 1991, PSYCHOL MED, V21, P329 NICHOLS RC, 1978, HOMO, V29, P158 PLOMIN R, 1997, BEHAV GENET, P130 PLOMIN R, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.8209254 PLOMIN R, 1988, ADV PSYCHOL HUMAN IN, P1 PLOMIN R, 1997, BEHAV GENET, P154 SINCLAIR AH, 1990, NATURE, V346, P240, DOI 10.1038/346240a0 Skuse DH, 1997, NATURE, V387, P705, DOI 10.1038/42706 Thapar A, 1996, PSYCHOL MED, V26, P813 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1127 DI 10.1002/bies.950191212 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YM278 UT WOS:000071047600011 PM 9423351 ER PT J AU Charman, T AF Charman, T TI The relationship between joint attention and pretend play in autism SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; COGNITIVE MECHANISMS; STRATEGIC DECEPTION; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; DEFICIT DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION AB There is considerable evidence that the development of joint attention and pretend play skills are impaired in children with autism. Some accounts of autistic psychopathology give a crucial role to early impairments in joint attention and suggest that these lead to impoverished development of the representational abilities that underlie the later emerging impairments in pretend play and theory of mind. Other accounts of impairments in joint attention and pretend play see them merely as symptoms of a more basic underlying cognitive deficit, in attention or executive function. This review examines the evidence for the possible relationships that may exist between joint attention and pretend play and the later development of a theory of mind. It also suggests directions for future work to clarify the relationship between the two skills and to identify the nature of the underlying primary deficit in autism. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, SUBDEPT CLIN HLTH PSYCHOL, GOWER ST, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR ATLAS JA, 1990, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V21, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF00706120 ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 Baron- Cohen S., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P185, DOI 10.1017/ S0954579400000377 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P158, DOI DOI 10.1192/BJP.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, UNPUB DOES THEORY MI Baron-Cohen S, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN, P183 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P397 BaronCohen S, 1995, NEUROCASE, V1, P101, DOI 10.1080/13554799508402353 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P29 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00992.x BORNSTEIN RA, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES, V37, P229, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90059-X Bretherton I., 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P333 BURACK JA, 1994, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V103, P535, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.535 Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN CAPLAN R, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P582 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x CHARMAN T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE CHARMAN T, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P569 CHELUNE GJ, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V16, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00706479 Cohen D. J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P59 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO DEMYER MK, 1967, PSYCHOL REP, V21, P973 DILAVORE P, 1995, BIENN C SOC RES CHIL DOHERTY MB, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P26 FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x Feinman S., 1992, SOCIAL REFERENCING S FELTON RH, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V31, P171, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90067-8 FISCHER M, 1990, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V58, P580, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.58.5.580 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GOMEZ JC, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 GOULD J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01531730 GRICE HP, 1957, PHILOS REV, V66, P377, DOI 10.2307/2182440 GRODZINSKY GM, 1992, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P427 Harris P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P228 Harris P. L, 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P191, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000389 HARRIS PL, 1991, MERGENCE MINDREADING Hobson R. P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P204 Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Jarrold C, 1996, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P275 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x LEEKAM S, 1995, UNPUB EYE DIRECTION LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 LEUNG EHL, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P215, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.2.215 LEWIS V, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02178499 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LOGE DV, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P540, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199007000-00006 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 Moore C., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 MUNDY P, 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P213, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000419 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P63 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1995, LEARNING COGNITIVE A OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 OZONOFF S, IN PRESS EXECUTIVE F Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P389 Phillips W, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1383, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01670.x PHILLIPS W, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P151 PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 POWER TJ, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF02212721 PREMACK D, 1990, COGNITION, V36, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90051-K REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 RUSSELL J, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P301 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Scott FJ, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P235 Shallice T., 1988, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY MENT SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SIGMAN M, 1986, HDB AUTISM PERVASICE STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SUTHERLAND RJ, 1982, GILLES TOURETTE SYND, P311 SWETTENHAM J, 1995, UNPUB DOES PURE PRET UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 WALDEN TA, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P1230, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01492.x WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x WELSH M, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1679 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x Yeates KO, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P65 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x NR 125 TC 31 Z9 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-5794 EI 1469-2198 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WK460 UT WOS:A1997WK46000001 PM 9089121 ER PT J AU McDonough, L Stahmer, A Schreibman, L Thompson, SJ AF McDonough, L Stahmer, A Schreibman, L Thompson, SJ TI Deficits, delays, and distractions: An evaluation of symbolic play and memory in children with autism SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-and-Adolescent-Psychopathology CY JUN 25-28, 1994 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Res Child & Adolescent Psychopathol ID LONG-TERM RECALL; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; AMNESIC SYNDROME; ELICITED PLAY; LANGUAGE; IMITATION; COMMUNICATION; INFANCY; COMPREHENSION AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate symbolic-deficit and memory-deficit hypotheses to account for the cognitive problems seen in children with autism. Experiment 1 tested imitation, in immediate and deferred conditions, of familiar actions with different sets of objects representing the developmental progression from functional to symbolic play. The results showed that the autism group and both their receptive language and nonverbal IQ-matched controls imitated familiar actions with realistic objects (evidence for functional play) and placeholder objects (evidence for symbolic play) after delays ranging from 24 hr to 3 weeks. Experiment 2 tested familiar three-step event sequences in which a placeholder object was substituted for the second step in half the events. The results showed that the autism group remembered as many of the actions with the placeholder objects as their language-matched controls and as many correctly ordered sequences, a finding that supports a symbolic-delay (rather than deficit) hypothesis. These results were obtained in highly structured test situations and sharply contrast with the impairments seen in children with autism who are observed in naturalistic settings. Two interpretations of these findings are offered. First, structured test settings minimize distractions that typically occur in naturalistic settings that may interfere or disrupt symbolic play in children with autism. Second, the results are consistent with an executive function deficit in that the autistic group demonstrated more knowledge in the test settings than they demonstrate spontaneously in naturalistic ones. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP & HLTH CTR, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT PSYCHOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RP McDonough, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT COGNIT SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. CR AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P207 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS BATES E, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P1004, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.6.1004 BATES E, 1988, 1 WORLDS GRAMMAR IND BATES E, 1980, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V26, P407 BAUER PJ, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P441, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.3.441 BOBROW SA, 1969, J EXP PSYCHOL, V80, P455, DOI 10.1037/h0027461 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BOUCHER J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V72, P211 BRETHERTON I, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P728, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.6.728 BRYSON SE, 1983, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V92, P250, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.92.2.250 BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 COURCHESNE E, 1990, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V2, P685, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DELIS DC, 1987, CALIFORNIA VERBAL LE DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FENSON L, 1994, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V59, pR5 FENSON L, 1993, COMMUNICATIVE DEV IN GOODWIN SW, 1992, INT C INF STUD MIAM GOULD J, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01531730 GRAF P, 1984, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V10, P164, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.10.1.164 HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HARRIS P, 1994, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P228 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 HERTZLER BE, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P317 HUGHES C, 1991, BRIT PSYCHOL SOC DEV HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 HUTTENLOCHER J, 1978, MINNESOTA S CHILD PS, V11 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Kaplan H., 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x LARGO RH, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P299 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN Leslie A. M., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LEZAK MD, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A LHERMITTE F, 1983, BRAIN, V106, P237, DOI 10.1093/brain/106.2.237 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MANDLER JM, 1995, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V59, P457, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1995.1021 MCDONOUGH L, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P7580, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7580 MCDONOUGH L, 1994, MEMORY, V2, P339, DOI 10.1080/09658219408258954 MCDONOUGH LC, 1991, DISS ABSTR INT, V52, P1750 MELTZOFF AN, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P470, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.470 MINSHEW NJ, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P206 MONTAGUE WE, 1966, J EXP PSYCHOL, V72, P829, DOI 10.1037/h0023877 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x NICHOLICH L, 1977, MERRILLPALMER A, V23, P89 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Paivio A., 1971, IMAGERY VERBAL PROCE PENNINGTON B, 1994, DEV FUTURE ORIENTED Piaget J, 1962, PLAY DREAMS IMITATIO RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SMITH T, 1994, PSYCHOL REC, V44, P459 STAHMER AC, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02178500 STAHMER AC, 1993, THESIS U CALIFORNIA THAL D, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P115 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P218 UNGERER JA, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF01487256 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 Uzgiris I., 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCY O WATSON MW, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P828, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01238.x WELSH MC, 1988, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P199 WHYTE J, 1989, IRISH J PSYCHOL, V10, P317 WOLF D, 1979, EARLY SYMBOLIZATION NR 79 TC 23 Z9 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 17 EP 41 PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WK460 UT WOS:A1997WK46000002 PM 9089122 ER PT J AU Bray, NW Reilly, KD Villa, MF Grupe, LA AF Bray, NW Reilly, KD Villa, MF Grupe, LA TI Neural network models and mechanisms of strategy development SO DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIONIST MODELS; MEMORY AIDS; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; CONTEXT; AUTISM AB The focus of this paper is mechanisms that may be responsible for intellectual and developmental differences in the cognitive strategies of typical and atypical children, including those with mental retardation. The discussion of these mechanisms is based on behavioral experiments on external memory strategies and on a set of neural network models designed for these tasks. Following the review of the external memory research, the rationale for using neural network models, how they have been used in other research, and their specific application to intellectual and developmental differences in external memory, including the results of several simulations, are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the mechanisms of intellectual differences and developmental change included in the models and some challenges for this type of modelling. Neural network modelling is discussed as an asset to research on cognitive development. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,CIVITAN INT RES CTR,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCI,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP Bray, NW (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PSYCHOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. CR ANDERSON JA, 1994, NEURAL NETWORKS KNOW, P311 Anderson J.A., 1988, NEUROCOMPUTING FDN R Anderson JA, 1990, NEUROCOMPUTING ANUMOLU V, 1992, RES C WANG I BOST U ANUMOLU V, 1992, P SIMTEC WNN 92 1992, P455 ANUMOLU V, 1996, NEURAL NETWORKS, V10, P7 ANUMOLU V, 1993, WORLD C NEUR NETW 93, P1528 BAKERWARD L, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V37, P555, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90076-6 Bechtel W., 1991, CONNECTIONISM MIND BELMONT JM, 1987, INTELLIGENCE, V11, P91, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(87)90029-8 Bjorklund David F., 1995, P141, DOI 10.1016/B978-012208930-5/50006-4 BRAY NW, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P19 BRAY NW, 1996, UNPUB KNOWLEDGE SOCI BRAY NW, 1994, SPEC INT GROUP HIGH BRAY NW, 1994, C HUM DEV PITTSB PA BRAY NW, 1987, INTELLIGENCE, V11, P49, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(87)90026-2 BRAY NW, 1996, HDB MENTAL DEFICIENC, P197 BRAY NW, 1995, SOC RES CHILD DEV IN BRAY NW, 1986, INT REV RES MENT RET, V14, P47, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60074-9 BROWN GDA, 1995, MEMORY, V3, P113, DOI 10.1080/09658219508258962 Campbell J. I. D., 1992, NATURE ORIGINS MATH, P331 Carpenter G.A., 1991, PATTERN RECOGNITION Churchland P. S., 1992, COMPUTATIONAL BRAIN COHEN IL, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P443, DOI 10.1007/BF01046050 COHEN IL, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P5, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90057-4 DELOACHE JS, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P125, DOI 10.2307/1130180 FARAH MJ, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P571, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.571 FARAH MJ, 1991, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V120, P339, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.120.4.339 Fisher M. A., 1973, INT REV RES MENT RET, V6, P171 Flavell J. H., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V3, P77 FLETCHER KL, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P363 Fletcher KL, 1996, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V42, P379 FOX R, 1992, INT REV RES MENT RET, V18, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60114-7 GROSSBERG S, 1976, BIOL CYBERN, V23, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF00344744 Halford G. S., 1993, CHILDRENS UNDERSTAND HINTON GE, 1991, PSYCHOL REV, V98, P74, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.98.1.74 Hrycej T., 1992, MODULAR LEARNING NEU INTONSPETERSON MJ, 1986, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V115, P267, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.115.3.267 Johnson-Laird P., 1983, MENTAL MODELS Kreutzer M. A., 1975, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V40 LEVINE DS, 1989, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V21, P213, DOI 10.3758/BF03205585 LEVINE DS, 1992, MOTIVATION EMOTION G Levine DS, 1991, INTRO NEURAL COGNITI McClelland J., 1989, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED, P8 MCCLELLAND JL, 1991, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(91)90002-6 McClelland J. L, 1991, ARCHITECTURES INTELL, P41 McClelland J. L., 1995, DEV COGNITIVE COMPET, P157 MCCLELLAND JL, 1981, PSYCHOL REV, V88, P375, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.88.5.375 McCloskey M., 1992, NATURE ORIGINS MATH, P365, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60892-4 MCGILLY K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02707.x NEWELL A, 1993, SIMULATION HUMAN INT Patterson K., 1989, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED, P131 PETRO SJ, 1991, INT J AGING HUM DEV, V33, P295, DOI 10.2190/0J3N-F3QB-TEDH-CUYX PLUNKETT K, 1992, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V10, P209 Plunkett K., 1991, COGNITION, V38, P1 REILLY KD, 1996, P 34 ANN SE C ASS CO, P341 REILLY KD, 1993, SIMTEC 1993 P Rogoff Barbara, 1990, APPRENTICESHIP THINK RUMELHART DE, 1985, COGNITIVE SCI, V9, P75, DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog0901_5 Rumelhart D. E., 1987, MECH LANGUAGE ACQUIS, P195 Rumelhart D. E., 1986, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED, V2 Rumelhart DE, 1988, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED Schneider W., 1991, ARCHITECTURES INTELL, P113 SEIDENBERG MS, 1989, PSYCHOL REV, V96, P523, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.523 SEIDENBERG MS, 1993, PSYCHOL SCI, V4, P228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00266.x Sejnowsk T. J., 1988, PERSPECTIVES MEMORY, P135 SEJNOWSKI TJ, 1990, CONNECTIONIST MODELI, P5 Siegler R. S., 1989, CHILDREN DISCOVER NE Siegler R. S., 1991, CHILDRENS THINKING Siegler R. S., 1995, DEV COGNITIVE COMPET, P31 SIEGLER RS, 1994, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V27, P194, DOI 10.1006/cogp.1994.1016 Smith LB, 1993, ADV CHILD DEV BEHAV, V24, P216 SMOLENSKY P, 1988, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V11, P1 SUN R, 1995, ARTIF INTELL, V75, P241, DOI 10.1016/0004-3702(94)00028-Y Wasserman P.D., 1989, NEURAL COMPUTING WELLMAN HM, 1975, DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P780, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.11.6.780 NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2297 J9 DEV REV JI Dev. Rev. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 525 EP 566 DI 10.1006/drev.1997.0443 PG 42 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YK985 UT WOS:A1997YK98500006 ER PT J AU Bilu, Y Goodman, YC AF Bilu, Y Goodman, YC TI What does the soul say?: Metaphysical uses of facilitated communication in the Jewish ultraorthodox community SO ETHOS LA English DT Review ID AUTISM; STUDENTS; WORDS AB Facilitated communication (FC), a set of techniques designed to improve the communication skills of children with pervasive developmental disorders, was transformed in the Jewish ultraorthodox community into a mystical device through which autistic children disclose otherworldly messages. We use this case to study the process whereby, in a given historical moment, specific forms of deviance are selected and molded into ritualized moralistic performances through which the values of the community are reasserted. Following a comparison between clinical and metaphysical FC, we explore synchronic and diachronic aspects of the complex relations between the ultraorthodox and the secular society extrapolated from the case. A comparative analysis of FC sessions and exorcistic rituals of dybbuk possession provides a background for proposing a dichotomous model of mystical pathways to the sacred, highlighting the role of deviants in revitalizing religious beliefs. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Bilu, Y (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT APPADURAI A., 1990, PUBLIC CULTURE, V2, P1 AVIAD J, 1983, JUDAISM RELIG RENEWA BACON GC, 1984, JEWS POLAND RUSSIA B Bartal Israel, 1994, STUDIES CONT JEWRY, V10, P178 Bebko JM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02276233 BEITHALLAHMI B, 1991, TRADITION INNOVATION, P153 Ben-Amos Dan, 1970, PRAISE BAAL SHEM TOV Ben-Yehuda N., 1985, DEVIANCE MORAL BOUND BENYEHUDA N, 1990, POLITICS MORALITY DE Berger Peter, 1966, SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BILU Y, 1993, CULT MED PSYCHIAT, V17, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF01379326 BILU Y, 1996, AJS REV, V21, P341 BILU Y, 1990, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY, V15, P247 Bilu Yoram, 1982, J ANTHROPOLOGICAL RE, V37, P269 Bilu Yoram, 1985, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY, V11, P1 Bleuler E. P., 1950, DEMENTIA PRAECOX GRO BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 BODDY J, 1994, ANNU REV ANTHROPOL, V23, P407 Bomba C, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02276234 BOURGUIGNON E, 1979, PSYCHOL ANTHR Bourguignon Erika, 1976, POSSESSION CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CSORDAS TJ, 1985, CULT MED PSYCHIAT, V9, P103 Csordas Thomas J, 1994, SACRED SELF CULTURAL DILLON KM, 1994, PSYCHOL REP, V75, P459 DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 Durkheim E., 1938, RULES SOCIOLOGICAL M Durkheim E., 1933, DIVISION LABOR SOC Eade John, 1991, CONTESTING SACRED AN, P51 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 EBERLIN M, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P657, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/19.6.657 El-Or Tamar, 1994, ED IGNORANT ULTRAORT ERIKSON AZ, 1956, MESSIANIC MOVEMENTS Erikson K., 1966, WAYWARD PURITANS Farrell R., 1982, DEVIANCE SOCIAL CONT Foucault Michel, 1973, MADNESS CIVILIZATION FRANKENBERG R, 1989, GRAMSCI MARXISM PHEN, V2 Friedman M., 1991, HAREDI ULTRAORTHODOX Friedman M., 1987, JUDAISM VIEWED, P235 GAINES AD, 1992, SOC SCI MED, V35, P3, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90115-7 GOSHENGOTTSTEIN ER, 1987, ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT, V24, P145 Hallowell Irving A., 1955, CULTURE EXPERIENCE Hannerz U., 1989, PUBLIC CULTURE, V1, P66 Heilman Samuel, 1991, FUNDAMENTALISMS OBSE, V1, P197 HEILMAN SC, 1992, DEFENDERS FAITH ULTR HEILMAN SC, 1986, PEOPLE BOOK HELMREICH WB, 1982, WORLD YEHSIVA INTIMA Heusch Luc de, 1981, WHY MARRY HER SOC SY HORODETSKY SA, 1947, JUDAISM INTELLECT JU Idel M., 1995, HASIDISM ECSTASY MAG Idel Moshe, 1988, KABBALAH NEW PERSPEC ILAN S, 1995, HAARETZ 0120 JONES DPH, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P491, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90002-7 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Katz Jacob, 1961, TRADITION CRISIS JEW KIRMAYER L, 1992, TRANSCULT PSYCHIAT, V30, P51 KLEINMAN A., 1980, PATIENTS HEALERS CON Kleinman A, 1985, CULTURE DEPRESSION Kleinman A., 1988, RETHINKING PSYCHIAT KOTLER N, 1996, HAMODIA 0628 KOTLER N, 1996, HAMODIA 0719 KROHN A, 1978, PSYCHOL ISSUES MONOG, V4546 Lambek Michael, 1989, ALTERED STATES CONSC, P36 Levack Brian P., 1995, WITCH HUNT EARLY MOD LITTLEWOOD R, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P308, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.3.308 Marty M., 1993, FUNDAMENTALISM PROJE, V2 MONTEE BB, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-189 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 MUNDY P, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P677, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/19.6.677 NEVO A, 1996, YEDIOT HAHRONOT 0510 NIGAL G, 1983, DYBBUK TALES JEWISH OBEYSEKERE G, 1990, WORK CULTURE OBEYSEKERE G, 1981, MEDUSAS HAIR Preuss J, 1978, BIBLICAL TALMUDIC ME PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 Putnam F. W., 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT ROUTH DK, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P673, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/19.6.673 Ruderman David, 1990, VALLEY VISION HEAVEN RUDERMAN DB, 1979, AJS REV, V4, P143 Scheper-Hughes N, 1986, MED ANTHROPOL Q, V17, P137, DOI 10.1525/maq.1986.17.5.02a00100 SCHOLEM G, 1971, ENCY JUDAICA, V7, P573 SCHUBERT A, 1991, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SHAHAR I, 1995, HAARETZ 0224 SHELHAV Y, 1985, GROWTH SEGREGATION U Shweder R. A., 1991, THINKING CULTURES EX, P73 SOBEL Z, 1991, TRADITION INNOVATION SOLOVEITCHIK H, 1994, TRADITION, V28, P64 Spiro M., 1987, CULTURE HUMAN NATURE, P161 Stromberg Peter G., 1993, LANGUAGE SELF TRANSF Swirsky Michael, 1993, MESSIANISM ZIONISM J TALMUD B, 1959, BNIDDAH 30B TALMUD B, 1976, BABA BATHRA TISHBY I, 1949, MISHNAT HA ZOHAR VITBERG Y, 1996, TRUTH SHOULD NOT BE WERBLOWSKY RJ, 1977, J CARO LAWYER MYSTIC World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YETSIRA S, 1962, BOOK CREATION 1956, ZOHAR, V2, P402 NR 103 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0091-2131 J9 ETHOS JI Ethos PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 375 EP 407 DI 10.1525/eth.1997.25.4.375 PG 33 WC Anthropology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Psychology GA 126NB UT WOS:000076298900001 ER PT J AU Larsen, FW Mouridsen, SE AF Larsen, FW Mouridsen, SE TI The outcome in children with childhood autism and Asperger syndrome originally diagnosed as psychotic. A 30-year follow-up study of subjects hospitalized as children SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; childhood autism; longitudinal study; outcome ID PSYCHIATRIC CLIENTELE; SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; POPULATION; DISORDERS; AREAS AB This follow-up study reports data on 18 children fulfilling the ICD-IO criteria for childhood autism (n=9) and Asperger syndrome (n=9). In connection with the present study the original child psychiatric records were reassessed according to the ICD-IO criteria. The children were followed over a period of 30 years. The mean age at the time of study was 38 years. The results show that in adulthood the autistic patients had a poorer outcome than children with Asperger syndrome as regards education, employment, autonomy, marriage, reproduction and the need for continuing medical and institutional care. Particular attention is given to pharmacotherapy and the relationship between the childhood disorder and psychiatric morbidity in adult life. C1 Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Larsen, FW (reprint author), Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00723.x DAHL V, 1972, DEPRESSIVE STATES CH, P534 DAHL V, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V54, P106, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00102.x DEMEYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V3, P199 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG IC, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P531, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00889.x GREEN WH, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P399, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60317-4 HOWELLS JG, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P123 KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 KOBAYASHI R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF01048242 LARSEN FW, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V81, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06446.x LARSEN FW, 1991, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V84, P65, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb01422.x LOCKYER L, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 Lotter V., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P475 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MUNKJORGENSEN P, 1986, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V73, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10583.x RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 SCRAGG P, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P679, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.679 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P498 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1705 Von Knorring A.-L., 1993, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V2, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02098864 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE *WHO DIV MENT HLTH, 1990, ICD10 WHO DIV MENT H, pCHR5 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WOLFF S, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P214 WOLFF S, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P793, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01330.x WOLFF S, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P620, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.5.620 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 51 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YM905 UT WOS:000071113600001 PM 9442996 ER PT J AU Hughes, C Soares-Boucaud, I Hochmann, J Frith, U AF Hughes, C Soares-Boucaud, I Hochmann, J Frith, U TI Social behaviour in pervasive developmental disorders: Effects of informant, group and "theory-of-mind" SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; social behaviour; theory of mind; informant effects ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; AUTISM; TEACHERS; MOTHERS; PARENT AB Theory of mind skills and a range of social behaviour in everyday life were assessed in a sample of 21 children with pervasive developmental disorders and 22 normally-developing preschoolers. Parents, teachers and therapists were interviewed using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (18) and a new supplementary scale, the "Echelle d'Adaptation Sociale pour Enfants" (EASE). Teachers and therapists were able to differentiate subtle forms of social problems in everyday life between subgroups of children diagnosed later to have either autism (n=13) or PDDNOS (n=8), according to DSM-III-R (1) criteria. This study offers a (small) cross-cultural replication of recent work suggesting that differences in the mentalising skills of children with autism are reflected in the everyday social behaviour of this group. A significant effect of informant was found for the PDD group, and this effect was particularly pronounced when children with autism were considered separately. The implications of informant differences are discussed. C1 Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. Serv Hosp Univ Psychiat Infanto Juvenile, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. MRC, Cognit Dev Unit, London WC1, England. RP Hughes, C (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 *CTR PSYCH APPL, 1981, ECH INT WESCHL ENF F *CTR PSYCH APPL, 1974, ECH INT WESCHL PER P FOMBONNE E, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1051, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01108.x FOMBONNE E, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P176 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00259.x LOEBER R, 1991, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V19, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF00910566 LOVELAND KA, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P13 MAYES L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01066420 MILLER SA, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1251, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01693.x MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1979, INDIVIDUALISED ASSES, V1 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STONE WL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P403, DOI 10.1007/BF02212195 SZATMARI P, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P703, DOI 10.1007/BF02172281 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YM905 UT WOS:000071113600002 PM 9442997 ER PT J AU von Aster, M Zachmann, M Brandeis, D Wohlrab, G Richner, M Steinhausen, HC AF von Aster, M Zachmann, M Brandeis, D Wohlrab, G Richner, M Steinhausen, HC TI Psychiatric, neuropediatric, and neuropsychological symptoms in a case of hypomelanosis of Ito SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE hypomelanosis of Ito; failure to thrive; autistic disorders; Nonverbal Learning Disability syndrome (NLD); neuropsychology ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB This case report presents a thirteen year-old boy who was diagnosed as having Hypomelanosis of Ito. The developmental history includes severe failure to thrive, and moderate atypical autism as well as diverse clinical and neuropsychological symptoms are present. The pattern of neuropsychological functioning, which can be partially related to the neurophysiological findings, is discussed within the context of existing neuropsychological theories about autistic disorders. C1 Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Dept Pediat, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. RP von Aster, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Freiestr 15, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzerland. CR Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 Brandeis D, 1994, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P239 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GRISSEMANN H, 1991, SCHWEIZER VERSION GUTBROD K, 1986, DIAGNOSTICA, V32, P118 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x LANG C, 1989, PRAOPERATIVE DIAGNOS LOVELAND KA, 1990, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V12, P433, DOI 10.1080/01688639008400991 Marcus A, 1996, BRAIN TOPOGR, V8, P417 ORGASS B, 1992, TOKEN TEST PASCUALCASTROVI.I, 1988, CANADIAN J NEUROLOGI, V15, P1124 Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SKUSE D, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P521, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01738.x Steinhausen HC, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P136 SYBERT VP, 1994, J INVEST DERMATOL, V103, P141 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 VANLEEUWEN TH, 1996, UNPUB BEHAV BRAIN RE VERBATEN MN, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02206870 von Aster M, 1994, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P169 Wilson BA, 1991, RIVERMEAD BEHAV MEMO ZAPPELLA M, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P170 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YM905 UT WOS:000071113600007 PM 9443002 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, P AF Rasmussen, P TI Preschool children with inadequate communication: Developmental language disorder, autism, mental deficiency SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR RAPIN I, 1996, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN C NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YM905 UT WOS:000071113600012 ER PT J AU Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A AF Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A TI Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants associated with autism? SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; PLATELET SEROTONIN; BLOOD SEROTONIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; DISORDER; TWIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISM; CHILDREN; PLACEBO AB An association study was performed to elucidate the role of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene as a susceptibility factor for autism as treatment of patients with antidepressant drugs which selectively target 5-HTT reduced autistic or concomitant symptoms, such as repetitive behavior and aggression, and ameliorate language use, Using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) an analysis was done for a common polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region (5-HTTLPR), a VNTR in intron 2 of the gene and a haplotype of both loci in 52 trios fulfilling stringent criteria for autism and an extended group of 65 trios including patients showing no language delay in their first 3 years of life, A higher frequency and preferential transmission of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR was observed, but the TDT gave a statistically significant value (P = 0.032) only for the extended patient group, This result is in contrast to a recent study by a US group presenting preliminary evidence for preferential transmission of the short allele of 5-HTTLPR in 86 trios, Both studies failed to reveal significant linkage disequilibrium between the VNTR in intron 2 of the gene and autism, In our study haplotype analysis of the 5-HTTLPR and the VNTR in intron 2 supplied evidence for an association of 5-HTT and autism in the stringent (P = 0.069) and extended patient group (P = 0.049), Overall, we were not able to replicate the findings of the first study on 5-HTT and autism and instead observed a tendency for association of the opposite genetic variant of the gene with the disorder, The implications for genetic variants of the serotonin transporter in the etiology of autism and possible subgroups of patients, therefore, needs clarification in further studies with other and larger patient samples. C1 UNIV FRANKFURT,KLIN PSYCHIAT & PSYCHOTHERAPIE KINDES & JUGENDALT,D-60590 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. UNIV WURZBURG,PSYCHIAT KLIN,D-97080 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP Klauck, SM (reprint author), DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,IMMUNOCHEM ABT,NEUENHEIMER FELD 280,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RI Lesch, Klaus-Peter/J-4906-2013 OI Lesch, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-8348-153X CR ABRAMSON RK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF02212938 Agresti A, 1990, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA, P59 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Collier DA, 1996, MOL PSYCHIATR, V1, P453 Collier DA, 1996, NEUROREPORT, V7, P1675, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199607080-00030 Cook Edwin H. Jr., 1996, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V8, P348, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008 Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 COOK EH, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P488, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90192-8 COOK EH, 1993, LIFE SCI, V52, P2005, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90685-V FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Heils A, 1996, J NEUROCHEM, V66, P2621 HOLDEN C, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P905 Klauck SM, 1997, HUM GENET, V100, P224, DOI 10.1007/s004390050495 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lesch KP, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1527, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5292.1527 LESCH KP, 1994, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V95, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF01276434 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P186 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 Morris AP, 1997, ANN HUM GENET, V61, P49 Ogilvie AD, 1996, LANCET, V347, P731, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90079-3 PIVEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02206997 POUSTKA F, 1995, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V29, P145 Heils A, 1995, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V102, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF01281159 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RUHL D, 1995, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V23, P95 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SPIELMAN RS, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P506 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STOBER G, 1996, LANCET, V347, P1341 WHO, 1993, ICD10 WHO NR 36 TC 188 Z9 196 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 13 BP 2233 EP 2238 DI 10.1093/hmg/6.13.2233 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YJ829 UT WOS:A1997YJ82900006 PM 9361027 ER PT J AU Sawyer, AM AF Sawyer, AM TI Autism - An inside-out approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 Inst Psychiat, London, England. RP Sawyer, AM (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, London, England. CR Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AVENUE PUBLISHING COMPANY PI LONDON PA 140 HARLEY ST, LONDON 1 1AH, ENGLAND SN 0020-7640 J9 INT J SOC PSYCHIATR JI Int. J. Soc. Psychiatr. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 43 IS 4 BP 308 EP 308 DI 10.1177/002076409704300411 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YX744 UT WOS:000072072900011 ER PT J AU Stone, WL Ousley, OY Littleford, CD AF Stone, WL Ousley, OY Littleford, CD TI Motor imitation in young children with autism: What's the object? SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; motor imitation; early development; early diagnosis ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; RELIABILITY; DIAGNOSIS; INFANCY; SKILLS; PLAY; AGE AB Two studies investigated the nature of motor imitation in young children with autism. Study 1 compared different types of motor imitation in 18 autistic children, 18 children with developmental delay, and 18 normally developing children. Results revealed weaker imitation skills for the autistic group, though all groups demonstrated a similar pattern of performance across different imitation domains. Imitation of body movements was more difficult than imitation of actions with objects, and imitation of nonmeaningful actions was more difficult than imitation of meaningful actions. Study 2 investigated concurrent and predictive relations between imitation and other developmental skills within a sample of 26 two-year-old children with autism. Results suggested that imitation of body movements and imitation of actions with objects represent independent dimensions. Imitation of body movements was concurrently and predictively associated with expressive language skills, and imitation of actions with objects was concurrently associated with play skills. Improvements in both motor imitation domains occurred over a 1-year period. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Child Dev Ctr, Med Ctr S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Stone, WL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Child Dev Ctr, Med Ctr S, Room 426, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. CR ABRAHAMSEN EP, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02206858 ABRAVANEL E, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P1032, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1976.tb02284.x American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO Bayley N, 1969, MANUAL BAYLEY SCALES CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 Dunst C. J., 1980, CLIN ED MANUAL USE U ECKERMAN CO, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P440, DOI 10.2307/1130988 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT FEWELL R, 1991, PLAY ASSESSMENT SCAL GARDNER MF, 1990, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 Hedrick D. L., 1984, SEQUENCED INVENTORY HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 KILLEN M, 1981, J GENET PSYCHOL, V138, P219 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02212853 LOVELAND KA, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P433, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006039 MASUR EF, 1993, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V39, P437 MASUR EF, 1984, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V30, P369 MCCABE MA, 1983, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V29, P69 McCall R. B., 1977, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V42 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 Meltzoff A. N., 1983, ADV INFANCY RES, V2, P265 MELTZOFF AN, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P702, DOI 10.2307/1130058 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 Pawlby S., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN, P203 Piaget J, 1962, PLAY DREAMS IMITATIO *PSYCH CORP, 1993, BAYL SCAL INF DEV MA Reynell J., 1990, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 ROGDON MM, 1977, J GENET PSYCHOL, V131, P115 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 Snow C. E., 1989, MANY FACES IMITATION, P73 STONE WL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P267 UZGIRIS IC, 1981, INT J BEHAV DEV, V4, P1 UZGIRIS IC, 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCEY Yando R., 1978, IMITATION DEV PERSPE NR 49 TC 136 Z9 136 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1023/A:1022685731726 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ912 UT WOS:000071437000004 PM 9468108 ER PT J AU Frea, WD Hughes, C AF Frea, WD Hughes, C TI Functional analysis and treatment of social-communicative behavior of adolescents with developmental disabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE functional analysis; social skills; self-management; developmental disabilities; teacher training ID SKILLS; AUTISM AB This investigation used functional analyses to identify the social variables that maintained the inappropriate social-communicative behaviors of 2 adolescent students with mental retardation. Analyses were performed in the students' classrooms with the assistance of peers and teachers. The results of these assessments were used to identify appropriate, functionally equivalent behaviors that the students were taught to self-monitor. Findings showed substantial decreases in inappropriate social responding and increases in the use of appropriate social skills. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Div Special Educ, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. John F Kennedy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Frea, WD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Div Special Educ, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. CR ELLIOTT SN, 1993, BEHAV MODIF, V17, P287, DOI 10.1177/01454455930173004 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 Kennedy CH, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V21, P21 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 NR 4 TC 28 Z9 28 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 30 IS 4 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-701 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA YN633 UT WOS:000071189900010 PM 9433794 ER PT J AU Mesibov, GB AF Mesibov, GB TI Preschool issues in autism: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Carolina, TEACCH Div, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Mesibov, GB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, TEACCH Div, Sch Med, CB 7180,Wing E, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. CR Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307 Feldman M. A., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P171 Guralnick MJ., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY HARRIS SL, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 SCHOPLER E, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1023/A:1025898631112 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100001 PM 9455725 ER PT J AU Freeman, BJ AF Freeman, BJ TI Guidelines for evaluating intervention programs for children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; PARAMETERS; STABILITY; DIAGNOSIS AB It is now well recognized that early diagnosis and intervention improves the prognosis for children with autism. It is crucial that professionals be aware and sensitive to the needs of autistic persons and their families. We must never lose sight of the long-term goal of treatment and must not become so infatuated with any one treatment that we fail to provide the education parents need. It is incumbent upon us as professionals, to educate parents and help them evaluate the myriad of information with which they are bombarded. In this article a framework for thinking about autism and principles of evaluation are reviewed. Components of appropriate early intervention programs are then described and guidelines for evaluating alternative treatments are provided. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Neuropsychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Freeman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CR AKERLEY M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 FREEMAN BJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P479, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00020 GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V81, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06482.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P549 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 PHILIPPART M, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P111 POWERS MD, 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 RITVO ER, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V4, P146 RITVO ER, 1994, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V35, P149, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(94)90061-L RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 Schopler E., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOSTANIS P, 1994, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V20, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00378.x NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 641 EP 651 DI 10.1023/A:1025850715183 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100002 PM 9455726 ER PT J AU Mundy, P Crowson, M AF Mundy, P Crowson, M TI Joint attention and early social communication: Implications for research on intervention with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; SKILLS; MIND; DEFICITS AB Highly structured intensive early intervention may lead to significant developmental gains for many children with autism However, a clear understanding of early intervention effects may currently be hampered by a lack of precision in outcome measurement. To improve the precision and sensitivity of outcome assessment if may be useful to integrate research on the nature of the social disturbance of autism with research on early intervention. In this regard it may be that measures of nonverbal social communication skills are especially important in the study of preschool intervention programs. This is because these measures appear to tap into a cardinal component of the early social disturbance of autism, and because these measures have been directly related to neurological cognitive, and affective processes that may play a role in autism The research and theory that support the potential utility of these types of measures for early intervention research are reviewed. Examples are provided to illustrate how these types of measures may assist in addressing current issues and hypotheses about early intervention with autism including the "recovery hypothesis" the "pivotal skill hypothesis," and the relative effectiveness of discrete trial versus incidental learning approaches to early intervention. A cybernetic model of autism is also briefly described in an effort to better understand one potential component of early psychoeducational treatment effects with children with autism. C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Mundy, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Psychol Annex,5665 Ponce De Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. CR Adamson L. B., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P205 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Baldwin D. A., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, p131 Baron-Cohen S., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P41 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 Bondy AS, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P311 Bruner J., 1983, FRONTIERS INFANT PSY, P38 BRUNER JS, 1975, COGNITION, V3, P255, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(74)90012-2 CAPLAN R, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P582 COGGINS TE, 1981, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V2, P235, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400006536 COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P697, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004740 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI, P119 Curcio F., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P282 Damasio A., 1994, DESCARTES ERROR EMOT Davidson Richard J., 1994, P518 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 DAWSON G, 1995, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V23, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF01447662 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 DAWSON G, 1988, DEV IMPLICATIONS BRA, P437 Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 DILAVORE P, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE DILAVORE P, 1995, C SOC RES CHILD DEV DOEHRING P, 1995, C SOC RES CHILD DEV FEIN D, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P127 Fischer Kurt W., 1994, P3 FOX NA, 1991, AM PSYCHOL, V46, P863, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.46.8.863 GUIDETTI M, 1993, EVALUATION COMMUNICA HARRIS SL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02207325 Hobson P, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND Huttenlocher Peter R., 1994, P137 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kaplan H., 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KLINGER L, 1992, PERSPECTIVES COMMUNI Koegel L. K., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P73 KOEGEL R L, 1991, Advances in Behavioral Assessment of Children and Families, P65 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 KRAEMER GW, 1985, PSYCHOBIOLOGY ATTACH, P135 LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x Moore C., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 Mundy P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P3 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P63 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 MUNDY P, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P381 MUNDY P, 1992, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V15, P377, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(92)80006-G OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 PANSKEPP J, 1985, PSYCHOBIOLOGY ATTACH, P3 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SEIBERT JM, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF01531342 Seibert J. M., 1982, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V3, P244, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198224)3:4<244::AID-IMHJ2280030406>3.0.CO;2-R SHEINKOPF SJ, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE SIGMAN M, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P159 Sigman M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P189 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 STONE WL, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, pR30 STUSS DT, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P3, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.1.3 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 TIEGERMAN E, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF02408553 Tomasello M., 1988, LANG SCI, V10, P69, DOI 10.1016/0388-0001(88)90006-X Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 Wetherby A., 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P367 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 WETHERBY AM, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P148 WETHERBY AM, 1993, J CHILDHOOD COMMUNIC, V15, P23 WING L, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P27 YODER PJ, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P841 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 88 TC 125 Z9 129 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 653 EP 676 DI 10.1023/A:1025802832021 PG 24 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100003 PM 9455727 ER PT J AU Stone, WL Ousley, OY Yoder, PJ Hogan, KL Hepburn, SL AF Stone, WL Ousley, OY Yoder, PJ Hogan, KL Hepburn, SL TI Nonverbal communication in two- and three-year-old children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; PROFILES AB The forms, functions, and complexity of nonverbal communication used by very young children with autism were investigated Fourteen children with autism were matched to 14 children with developmental delays and/or language impairments on the basis of CA, MA, and expressive vocabulary. Subjects participated in a structured communication assessment consisting of 16 situations designed to elicit requesting or commenting behavior Children with autism requested more often and commented less often than controls. Autistic children were less likely to point, show objects, or use eye gaze to communicate, but were more likely to directly manipulate the examiner's hand The autistic group also used less complex combinations of behaviors to communicate. Implications for early identification and intervention are discussed. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Child Dev Ctr, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Stone, WL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Child Dev Ctr, Sch Med, Room 426,2100 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. CR ADAMSON LB, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P582, DOI 10.2307/1129748 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 Bates E., 1979, NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES, V4, P81, DOI 10.1002/cd.23219790407 Bayley N, 1969, MANUAL BAYLEY SCALES CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 Cohen D. J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P59 COURCHESNE E, 1995, INT PEDIAT, V10, P141 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Gomez J. C., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P397 LANDRY SH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02211847 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MCLEAN JE, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P294 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 MUNDY P, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P63 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 *PSYCH CORP, 1993, BAYL SCAL INF DEV MA Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Seibert J. M., 1982, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V3, P244, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198224)3:4<244::AID-IMHJ2280030406>3.0.CO;2-R SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P513, DOI 10.1007/BF02216056 Trevarthen C., 1978, ACTION GESTURE SYMBO, P183 WETHERBY AM, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P240 Wetherby A. M., 1990, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL WETHERBY AM, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P130 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WETHERBY AM, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P48 YODER PJ, 1996, UNPUB MATERNAL RESPO YODER PJ, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P193 NR 34 TC 82 Z9 85 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 677 EP 696 DI 10.1023/A:1025854816091 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100004 PM 9455728 ER PT J AU Quill, KA AF Quill, KA TI Instructional considerations for young children with autism: The rationale for visually cued instruction SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; TEACHING-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; MEMORY; DISABILITIES; ATTENTION; ABILITIES; SCIENCE; STATE AB Instructional considerations for children with autism who continue to struggle with current treatment models are discussed. Specifically, the use of instructional strategies for children who may be characterized as visual learners are addressed. The discussion begins with a review of research that illuminates the learning style differences associated with autism. Next, the instructional strategies of both behavioral and incidental teaching methods are examined in light of the research. Finally, using a case study as the backdrop, the discussion concludes with a description of how visually cued instruction can be applied in various contexts. C1 Autism Inst, Essex, MA 01929 USA. RP Quill, KA (reprint author), Autism Inst, POB 190, Essex, MA 01929 USA. CR Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF01531512 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x Bristol MM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF02172002 BRYSON SE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF02172099 CIESIELSKI K, 1990, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAP, V7, P207 COURCHESNE E, 1991, P AUT SOC AM NAT C, P25 Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 DEMYER MK, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01537928 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Frith U., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE GARRETSON HB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF02206860 GRANDIN T, 1995, THINKING PICTURES RE GRANDIN T, 1991, AUT SOC AM C IND Gray C. A., 1993, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V8, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769300800101 GRODEN J, 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU HANSCHU B, 1996, EVALUATION TREATMENT Harris SL, 1990, SPECIAL SERVICES SCH, V6, P135 HARRIS SL, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HOBSON RP, 1996, AUTISM DEV MIND HODGDON I, 1995, VISUAL STRATEGIES IM HUNT P, 1993, TEACHING CONVERSATIO KISTNER J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF02211946 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1980, AUTISM NEW DIRECTION KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-121 LAYTON T, 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LORD C, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE LOVAAS IO, 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD LANGU LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MACDUFF GS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-89 MATSUDA K, 1992, JAPANESE J SPECIAL E, V29, P99 MAYERJOHNSON R, 1981, PICTURE COMMUNICATIO MCCLANNAHAN L, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM McGee G., 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MIRENDA P, 1985, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V1, P143, DOI 10.1080/07434618512331273641 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 MUNDY P, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471 MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 PRIOR MR, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF01538055 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 QUILL K, 1996, UNPUB INFLUENCE VISU QUILL K, 1996, UNPUB USING PICTOGRA QUILL K, 1992, UNPUB USING PICTOGRA QUILL K, 1996, AUTISM SOC AM NATL C QUILL K, 1985, THESIS BOSTON U Quill K. A., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU Quill K. A., 1995, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V10, P10, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769501000302 ROTHOLZ DA, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P227 SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A SCHULER A, 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU SIEGEL J, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P389 SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE STRAIN P, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO VICKER B, 1991, AUT SOC AM C IND WATERHOUSE L, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P307, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90062-1 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 WHITEHOUSE J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281 Wiig E. H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Wolf D. H., 1993, ADV HEAT TRANSFER, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2717(08)70005-4 WOLFBERG PJ, 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU Zimmerman I., 1979, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 73 TC 102 Z9 102 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 697 EP 714 DI 10.1023/A:1025806900162 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100005 PM 9455729 ER PT J AU Camaioni, L Perucchini, P Muratori, F Milone, A AF Camaioni, L Perucchini, P Muratori, F Milone, A TI Brief report: A longitudinal examination of the communicative gestures deficit in young children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dept Dev & Social Psychol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Pisa, Inst Child Neuropsychiat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Camaioni, L (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dept Dev & Social Psychol, Via Marsi 78, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CR ABRAHAMSEN EP, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02206858 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 CAMAIONI L, 1992, QUESTIONARIO SVILUPP Curcio F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V2, P264 GOOD DW, 1993, SEMIN NEPHROL, V13, P225 Kaplan H., 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 Mundy P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 PERUCCHINI P, 1993, BRIT PSYCH SOC ANN C SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 Tomasello M, 1997, HUM DEV, V40, P7 Uzgiris I., 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCY O WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 6 BP 715 EP 725 DI 10.1023/A:1025858917000 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ894 UT WOS:000071435100006 PM 9455730 ER PT J AU Eaves, LC Ho, HH AF Eaves, LC Ho, HH TI School placement and academic achievement in children with autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; school placement; academic achievement AB The school placement and achievement of 76 children with autistic spectrum disorders was examined in view of recent opportunities for-fill inclusion. The sample was typical of children with autism having more boys than girls, half with IQs above 50, and a range of severity of autism. At a mean age of 11, none were in institutions or segregated schools, 35% were in special classes, 38% in regular classes with an aide, and 16% in regular classes without an aide. Age, IQ, and severity of autism were related to class placement and school achievement with older less able, mor-e autistic pupils more likely to be in special classes. Teachers' ratings of academic skills correlated with achievement test results. Teachers also repelled high levels of classroom behavior that might be expected to interfere with achievement. However; Ie predicted school achievement in this sample as well as it does in typical children. Over half were rated very high on the Hyperactivity Index; social adjustment was poor but better with adults than children. RP Eaves, LC (reprint author), SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR CHILDREN,3644 SLOCAN ST,VANCOUVER,BC V5M 3E8,CANADA. CR ALLEN DA, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P548 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baker E., 1994, EDUC LEADERSHIP, V52, P33 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BUYSSE V, 1993, J SPEC EDUC, V26, P434 Conners C. K., 1989, CONNERS RATING SCALE Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 Eaves LC, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P557, DOI 10.1007/BF02172276 Epstein M. H., 1987, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V12, P175 GLASSBERG LA, 1994, BEHAV DIS, V6, P247 GRESHAM FM, 1982, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V48, P422 HOCUTT AM, 1984, RTI27060601FR CTR ED Jastak S, 1984, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME LEITER RG, 1949, LEITER INT PERFORMAN MESAROS RA, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P227 MESIBOV GB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02206549 Meyen E., 1988, EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN Nirje B., 1969, CHANGING PATTERNS RE Nisbet J., 1994, ED REFORM SUMMARY RE Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P121 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V133, P1183 RUTTER M, 1978, REAPPRAISAL CONCEPTS SCHNEIDER BH, 1994, BEHAV DIS, V6, P247 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHOPLER E, 1994, BEHAV ISSUES AUTISM, pCH4 STRAIN PS, 1986, MAINSTREAMING HANDIC Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wolfensberger W., 1972, PRINCIPLE NORMALIZAT ZIGLER E, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P668 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1023/A:1024944226971 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA YK809 UT WOS:A1997YK80900001 ER PT J AU Roeyers, H AF Roeyers, H TI Subclassification of children with a pervasive developmental disorder: Assignment to social subtypes SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE subclassification; pervasive developmental disorder; social subtypes ID AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; IMPAIRMENTS; VALIDITY AB An elaborate version of the social subtyping system proposed by Wing and collaborators was examined in 58 children with a pervasive developmental disorder. Naive observers were able to reliably assign subjects into one of six subtypes on the basis of the behavior shown during a relatively unstructured playing session with a nonhandicapped peer. Subtypes were related to IQ, diagnosis (autism vs. PDD-NOS) severity of autism and several measures of social behavior, but were independent of sex and chronological age. RP Roeyers, H (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,RES GRP DEV DISORDERS,H DUNANTLAAN 2,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BALTAXE CAM, 1983, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V4, P27 BORDEN MC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02172210 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 CRONBACH LJ, 1972, DEPENDABILITY BEHAVI DEWEY D, 1988, CAN J PSYCHOL, V42, P242, DOI 10.1037/h0084183 Fleiss J., 1981, STATISTICAL METHODS LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lord C, 1984, ADV APPL DEV PSYCHOL, P165 Lord C., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P326 OBrien SK, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P321, DOI 10.1007/BF02172477 PRIZANT BM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P316 ROEYERS H, 1993, TIJDSCHRIFT ORTHOPED, V32, P271 Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P15 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT STUTSMAN R, 1948, MERRIL PALMER SCALE VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P82, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00015 Waterhouse L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02276235 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing Lorna, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P91 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.1023/A:1024930028788 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA YK809 UT WOS:A1997YK80900005 ER PT J AU Fox, L Dunlap, G Philbrick, LA AF Fox, L Dunlap, G Philbrick, LA TI Providing individual supports to young children with autism and their families SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INTERVENTION; LANGUAGE AB Young children with developmental disabilities, including autism, are at great risk for futures characterized by restrictive and socially isolated lifestyles. Although the past generation has produced practical gains and conceptual advances, there is still a great need for programmatic interventions based on current knowledge, promoting meaningful progress, and offering longitudinal benefits in social adaptation and community functioning. This article describes a model of comprehensive, individualized support based on a triad of essential elements, consisting of (a) the development of functional communication skills, (b) supported participation in socially inclusive environments, and (b) multifaceted family support. C1 Univ S Florida, Florida Mental Hlth Inst, Dept Child & Family Studies, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Fox, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Florida Mental Hlth Inst, Dept Child & Family Studies, 13301 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. CR Anderson S. R., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P352 BAILEY DB, 1990, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V10, P33 Barber PA, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION I, P179 Benner S. M., 1992, ASSESSING YOUNG CHIL Carr E. G., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P221 Carr E. G., 1994, COMMUNICATION BASED CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 Donnellan A. M., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P201 DUNLAP G, 1993, BEHAV ANAL TREATMENT, P269 Dunlap G., 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P273 DUNLAP G, 1991, COMPREHENSIVE MENTAL, V1, P177 DUNLAP G, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION Y DUNLAP G, 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V12, P147 Dunlap G., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P31 Dunst C., 1994, SUPPORTING STRENGTHE, V1, P197 DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777 DURAND VM, 1990, INTERVENTION PROGRAM FENSKE EC, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P49, DOI 10.1016/S0270-4684(85)80005-7 FOREST M, 1987, MORE ED INTEGRATION, P1 FOX L, 1993, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V13, P308 Goldstein H, 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, V1, P81 Guralnick M., 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO, P37 HANDLEMAN J, 1994, 1994 ANN C AUT SOC A HANLINE MF, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P121 Haring N. G., 1978, 4 R RES CLASSROOM HARING TG, 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO, P307 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 HORNER RH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P719, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-719 Kaiser A. P., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P145 Koegel L. K., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lucyshyn J. M., 1993, FAMILIES DISABILITY, P365 Meyer L. H., 1989, NONAVERSIVE INTERVEN NELSWORTH JT, 1988, EARLY INTERVENTION I, P23 O'Neill R. E., 1997, FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMEN, V2nd Odom S. L., 1993, INTEGRATING YOUNG CH, P39 ODOM SL, 1996, NAT TA M NEC TAS OSE Ostrosky M. M., 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, V2, P159 Powell T. H., 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO, P187 Reichle J., 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU, P9 ROBBINS FR, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P631 ROBBINS FR, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P173 SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SLENTZ KL, 1992, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V16, P11 Turnbull A. P., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P99 Turnbull A. P., 1990, FAMILIES PROFESSIONA WESTLING DL, 1995, TEACHING PERSONS SEV Wetherby A.M., 1992, AUTISM IDENTIFICATIO, P107 WOLERY M, 1993, INTEGRATING YOUNG CH, P109 Zwernick K., 1988, ITS NEVER TOO EARLY NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 USA SN 1053-8151 J9 J EARLY INTERVENTION JI J. Early Interv. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA YU537 UT WOS:000071727800001 ER PT J AU Risley, TR AF Risley, TR TI Family preservation for children with autism SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Risley, TR (reprint author), HC-5 Box 6820, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. CR Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 USA SN 1053-8151 J9 J EARLY INTERVENTION JI J. Early Interv. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA YU537 UT WOS:000071727800002 ER PT J AU Rojahn, J Warren, VJ AF Rojahn, J Warren, VJ TI Emotion recognition as a function of social competence and depressed mood in individuals with intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE emotion recognition; social competence; depression ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ADULTS; CHILDREN; DISCRIMINATION; SKILL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PERCEPTION; DEFICITS; AUTISM AB The present study was designed to test whether social competence and mood were predictive of the performance by adults with mild or moderate intellectual disability on a matching-to-sample task using facially expressed emotions as stimuli. Thirty-eight subjects were assigned to either a depressed mood group or a non-depressed mood group based on their scores on the two depression sub-scales of the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior. The groups were matched on sex, age and level of intellectual disability. Each group consisted of 10 women and nine men; 12 participants in each group had mild and seven had moderate intellectual disability, respectively. Social competence was assessed with the Social Performance Survey Schedule (SPSS). Performance on the matching-to-sample task correlated positively with the subjects' level of intellectual disability, their mood scores and the scores on the Appropriate Skills sub-scale of the SPSS. The implications of these findings for social skills training programmes and limitations of this study are discussed. C1 Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr Dev Disabil, UAP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rojahn, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr Dev Disabil, UAP, 1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. CR Benson B., 1992, TEACHING ANGER MANAG BENSON BA, 1986, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V54, P72 BOURAS N, 1988, MENTAL HANDICAP MENT BROSGOLE L, 1986, INT J NEUROSCI, V30, P127 CORBETT J, 1978, PSYCHIAT ILLNESS MEN, P11 CREWS WD, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P688 Ekman P., 1976, PICTURES FACIAL AFFE FEINBERG TE, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P276 GRAY JM, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.6.566 HEIMBERG C, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V42, P253, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90117-L HEXT LJ, 1909, HABILITATIVE MENTAL, V16, P7 HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P434 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOLDER HB, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P170 LOWE MR, 1978, BEHAV THER, V9, P535, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(78)80126-9 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MATSON JL, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P399, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(83)90038-3 MAURER H, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P505 MCALPINE C, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P543, DOI 10.1177/01454455920164006 MORRISON RL, 1981, BEHAV THER, V12, P69, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(81)80107-4 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Reiss S, 1988, REISS SCREEN MALADAP ROJAHN J, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P477 ROJAHN J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P305, DOI 10.1007/BF02172229 ROJAHN J, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P316 *SPSS, 1994, STAT PACK SOC SCI 6 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 41 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00738.x PN 6 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA YN809 UT WOS:000071210000005 PM 9430050 ER PT J AU Stewart, CW Bowyer, JF Slikker, W AF Stewart, CW Bowyer, JF Slikker, W TI Elevated environmental temperatures can induce hyperthermia during d-fenfluramine exposure and enhance 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) depletion in the brain SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SEROTONERGIC NERVE-TERMINALS; TRANSPORTER MESSENGER-RNA; RAT-BRAIN; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; D-NORFENFLURAMINE; NEUROTOXICITY; METHAMPHETAMINE; MECHANISMS; RELEASE; AUTISM AB d-Fenfluramine (d-Fen) has been demonstrated to alter body temperature (BT), decrease 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and decrease 5-HT plasma membrane transporters (PMT) in rats. Therefore, experiments were designed to test whether a correlation existed between elevated BT and brain 5-HT depletions. It was hypothesized that d-Fen would induce hyperthermia if the environmental temperature was elevated. Experiments were conducted to determine 1) the dose-response of d-Fen on BT in a 28 degrees C; environment, 2) the acute effect of d-Fen on long-term depletion of 5-HT and 5-HT PMT in a 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C or 28 degrees C environment and 3) the effect of a 22 degrees C environment vs, a 28 degrees C environment on the plasma levels of d-Fen and d-norfenfluramine, d-Fen produced a dose-dependent elevation of BT in the 28 degrees C environment, decreased BT in the 4 degrees C environment and had no effect on BT in the 22 degrees C environment. Exposure to d-Fen in the 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C environment reduced 5-HT and 5-HT PMT concentrations compared with control. However, greater reductions of 5-HT and 5-HT PMT concentrations occurred in the 28 degrees C environment. Conversely, the plasma levels of d-Fen and d-norfenfluramine were not altered. Thus these experiments demonstrate that increased BT during d-Fen exposure occurs at elevated environmental temperatures without altering the plasma concentrations of the drug and results in an enhanced long-term depletion of brain 5-HT and 5-HT PMT. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Slikker, W (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, HFT-132,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. CR ANELLI M, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V118, P188, DOI 10.1007/BF02245839 AUGUST GJ, 1984, J NERV MENT DIS, V172, P604, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198410000-00003 BORRONI E, 1983, J NEUROCHEM, V40, P891, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08065.x BOWYER JF, 1992, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V260, P817 BOWYER JF, 1994, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V268, P1571 BROENING HW, 1995, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V275, P1 Campbell D B, 1969, Lancet, V2, P1307 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x Clausing P, 1997, J CHROMATOGR B, V692, P419, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00528-2 CLAUSING P, 1995, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V274, P614 CLINESCHMIDT BV, 1976, EUR J PHARMACOL, V35, P211, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(76)90318-6 COLADO MI, 1995, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V115, P1281 CONSOLO S, 1979, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V31, P706 DESOUZA EB, 1991, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V39, P963, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90060-F FARFEL GM, 1995, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V272, P860 FARFEL GM, 1995, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V272, P868 FULLER RW, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V30, P715, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90089-5 FULLER RW, 1978, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V157, P202 GLOWINSK.J, 1966, J NEUROCHEM, V13, P655, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1966.tb09873.x Goodman EL, 1991, FEVER BASIC MECHANIS, P267 INVERNIZZI R, 1991, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V30, P119, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(91)90194-G KALIA M, 1991, BRAIN RES, V548, P1112 KOVACHICH GB, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V7, P317 LESCH KP, 1993, MOL BRAIN RES, V17, P31, DOI 10.1016/0169-328X(93)90069-2 MARCUSSON JO, 1988, J NEUROCHEM, V50, P1783, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02479.x MCCANN U, 1994, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V269, P792 MILLER DB, 1994, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V270, P752 PAWLOWSKI L, 1981, J PHARM PHARMACOL, V33, P538 PRESTON E, 1990, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V29, P277, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(90)90013-H QUOCK RM, 1977, PHARMACOL RES COMMUN, V9, P737, DOI 10.1016/S0031-6989(77)80065-9 RATTRAY M, 1994, EUR J PHARM-MOLEC PH, V268, P439, DOI 10.1016/0922-4106(94)90070-1 RILEY I, 1969, LANCET, V2, P1162 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 SARKISSIAN CF, 1990, BRAIN RES, V529, P294, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90840-8 SCHMIDT CJ, 1990, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V255, P478 STAHL SM, 1993, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V16, pS19 STERANKA LR, 1979, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V18, P895, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(79)90088-1 STEWART CW, 1995, INT TOXICOL STEWART CW, 1996, TOXICOLOGIST 2, V30, P260 SULPIZIO A, 1978, LIFE SCI, V22, P1439, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90638-0 WAGNER J, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V3, P219 WESTPHALEN RI, 1993, EUR J PHARMACOL, V238, P399 WESTPHALEN RI, 1993, PHARMACOL TOXICOL, V72, P249 WESTPHALEN RI, 1995, MOL NEUROBIOL, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02740693 WHITE A. W., 1967, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V1, P740, DOI 10.1021/es60009a001 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 283 IS 3 BP 1144 EP 1150 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YM806 UT WOS:000071102900021 PM 9399987 ER PT J AU Allert, T AF Allert, T TI Two studies in communication theory - Japanese communication and autism SO KOLNER ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE UND SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE LA German DT Book Review C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Soziol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. RP Allert, T (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Soziol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. CR FUCHS P, 1995, UMSCHRIFT ZWEI KOMMU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WESTDEUTSCHER VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN PA POSTFACH 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0023-2653 J9 KOLNER Z SOZIOL SOZ JI Koln. Z. Soziol. Sozialpsych. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Psychology, Social; Sociology SC Psychology; Sociology GA YP136 UT WOS:000071246300034 ER PT J AU Remschmidt, H AF Remschmidt, H TI Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, 2nd edition SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Book Review CR COHEN DJ, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVAVISE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-6811 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YL846 UT WOS:000070999700011 ER PT J AU Santangelo, SL Folstein, SE AF Santangelo, SL Folstein, SE TI Are there distinctive patterns of cognitive abnormality associated with the genetic liability to autism? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 566 EP 567 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400042 ER PT J AU Maestrini, E AF Maestrini, E TI A genome-wide search for autism susceptibility genes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WELLCOME TRUST CTR HUMAN GENET,OXFORD,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400043 ER PT J AU Rutter, M Pickles, A Starr, E Kazak, S Bailey, AJB AF Rutter, M Pickles, A Starr, E Kazak, S Bailey, AJB TI Autism and profound mental retardation: Family analyses. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400044 ER PT J AU Lauritsen, M Ewald, H Mortensen, PB Mors, O Frydenberg, M AF Lauritsen, M Ewald, H Mortensen, PB Mors, O Frydenberg, M TI Association of autism with medical conditions: A Danish register-based study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AARHUS UNIV HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT DEMOG,INST BASIC PSYCHIAT RES,RISSKOV,DENMARK. AARHUS UNIV,DEPT BIOSTAT,AARHUS,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 570 EP 570 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400054 ER PT J AU OReilly, BA AF OReilly, BA TI Evidence for a possible defect in transsulfuration or sulfur metabolism in autism. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ALLERGY INDUCED AUTISM NETWORK,CALCOT READING RG31 7DZ,BERKS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 571 EP 571 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400058 ER PT J AU Palmer, PJ Piven, J AF Palmer, PJ Piven, J TI Perinatal optimality and the broader autism phenotype: A comparison of multiple- and single-incidence autism families. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 571 EP 571 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400059 ER PT J AU Tordjman, S Mottron, L Duquenne, V Slama, F Antoine, C Spitz, E Carlier, M Roubertoux, PL AF Tordjman, S Mottron, L Duquenne, V Slama, F Antoine, C Spitz, E Carlier, M Roubertoux, PL TI Identification of clinical subgroups of infantile autism: A preliminary step for a genetic study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UPR CNRS 9074,ORLEANS,FRANCE. HOP RIVIERE PRAIRIES,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 572 EP 572 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400062 ER PT J AU Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Spieler, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A AF Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Spieler, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A TI Association of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) promoter long variant with autism. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV FRANKFURT,KLIN PSYCHIAT & PSYCHOTHERAPIE KINDES & JUGENDALT,D-60590 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. UNIV WURZBURG,PSYCHIAT KLIN,D-97080 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 6 BP 620 EP 620 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YB414 UT WOS:A1997YB41400226 ER PT J AU Longhurst, JG Potenza, MN McDougle, CJ AF Longhurst, JG Potenza, MN McDougle, CJ TI Autism SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISORDER; ADULTS RP Longhurst, JG (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,333 CEDAR ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. CR COIK EH, 1996, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V8, P348 Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 POTENZA MN, 1997, CNS SPECTRUMS, V2, P25 Rapin I, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V337, P97, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199707103370206 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 21 BP 1555 EP 1556 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YG249 UT WOS:A1997YG24900020 PM 9380125 ER PT J AU Greenspan, SI AF Greenspan, SI TI Autism SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Greenspan, SI (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. CR *DIAGN CLASS TASK, 1994, DIAGN CLASS MENT HLT Greenspan S. I., 1992, INFANCY EARLY CHILDH GREENSPAN SI, 1997, J DEV LEARN DISORD, V1, P80 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 21 BP 1556 EP 1556 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YG249 UT WOS:A1997YG24900021 PM 9380126 ER PT J AU Rapin, I AF Rapin, I TI Autism - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISORDER; ADULTS RP Rapin, I (reprint author), YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,1300 MORRIS PK AVE,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. CR Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 GREENSPAN SI, 1997, J DEV LEARN DISORD, V1, P80 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 PLOMIN R, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.8209254 Rutter M, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P370 WAINWRIGHT L, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139, P173 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 21 BP 1556 EP 1557 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YG249 UT WOS:A1997YG24900022 ER PT J AU Torrey, EF Miller, J Rawlings, R Yolken, RH AF Torrey, EF Miller, J Rawlings, R Yolken, RH TI Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE seasonality; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder ID HIGH-RISK SAMPLE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; FAMILY HISTORY; MENTAL DISORDER; WINTER-BORN; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT; ABNORMAL SEASONALITY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; GENERAL POPULATION AB More than 250 studies, covering 29 Northern and five Southern Hemisphere countries, have been published on the birth seasonality of individuals who develop schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder. Despite methodological problems, the studies are remarkably consistent in showing a 5-8% winter-spring excess of births for both schizophrenia and mania/bipolar disorder. This seasonal birth excess is also found in schizoaffective disorder (December-March), major depression (March-May), and autism (March) but not in other psychiatric conditions with the possible exceptions of eating disorders and antisocial personality disorder. The seasonal birth pattern also may shift over time, Attempts to correlate the seasonal birth excess with specific features of schizophrenia suggest that winter-spring births are probably related to urban births and to a negative family history. Possible correlations include lesser severity of illness and neurophysiological measures. There appears to be no correlation with gender, social class, race, measurable pregnancy and birth complications, clinical subtypes, or neurological, neuropsychological, or neuroimaging measures. Virtually no correlation studies have been done for bipolar disorder. Regarding the cause of the birth seasonality, statistical artifact and parental procreational habits are unlikely explanations. Seasonal effects of genes, subtle pregnancy and birth complications, light and internal chemistry, toxins, nutrition, temperature/weather, and infectious agents or a combination of these are all viable possibilities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIAAA, CLIN STUDIES LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, MED CTR, STANLEY FDN, NEUROVIROL LAB, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. RP Torrey, EF (reprint author), NIMH, STANLEY FDN RES PROGRAMS, CTR NEUROSCI, ST ELIZABETHS HOSP, 2700 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR AVE SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20032 USA. CR Agresti A., 1990, CATEGORICAL DATA ANA ANDREWS RCR, 1990, MED HYPOTHESES, V31, P141 ASCHAUER HN, 1994, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V27, P298 ATLAS JA, 1989, PSYCHOL REP, V64, P1213 BAILAR JC, 1965, EUGEN Q, V123, P146 BARAK Y, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P798 Bark N. M., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P105, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85365-5 BARON M, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P460, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.4.460 BARRY H, 1961, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V5, P100 BARRY H, 1964, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V11, P385 BARTLETT MS, 1947, BIOMETRICS, V3, P39, DOI 10.2307/3001536 Bartlik B D, 1981, J Am Med Womens Assoc, V36, P363 BECKMANN H, 1992, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V25, P57 Berk M, 1996, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V30, P220, DOI 10.3109/00048679609076097 BERRY T, 1994, MED HYPOTHESES, V43, P409, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(94)90017-5 BERSANI G, 1979, RIV PSICHIATR, V14, P423 BLEULER M, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P191 BOJANOVSKY J, 1961, CESK PSYCHIAT, V57, P47 BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x BOURGEOIS M, 1990, ANN MED-PSYCHOL, V148, P698 BOYD JH, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P173 BRADBURY TN, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V98, P569, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.98.3.569 BROCHARD A, 1994, ENCEPHALE, V20, P459 Brockwell P.J., 1987, TIME SERIES THEORY M BROWN JS, 1994, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V20, P387 BUCK C, 1978, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V132, P358 Cannon M, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P368, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.3.368 CANTORGRAAE E, 1994, J NERV MENT DIS, V182, P645, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199411000-00008 CAVE DR, 1975, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V4, P317, DOI 10.1093/ije/4.4.317 CAZZULLO CL, 1987, VIRUSES IMMUNITY MEN, P149 Chen WJ, 1996, SCHIZOPHR RES, V20, P133, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00072-0 CORGIAT MD, 1983, J ORTHOMOL MED, V12, P268 CORTES BH, 1990, NEW TRENDS EXP CLIN, V6, P79 COTTER D, 1996, NEUROSCI INTELL UNIT, P17 COWGILL UM, 1966, ECOLOGY, V47, P614, DOI 10.2307/1933939 CROW TJ, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V17, P821 CROW TJ, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P390, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.3.390 Dalen P., 1975, SEASON BIRTH STUDY S DALEN P, 1969, ACTA SOCIOMED SCAN S, V1, P151 Dalén P, 1968, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V203, P55 DALEN P, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P727, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.727 DALEN P, 1975, S AFRICAN SAMPLE SEA, P95 DALEN P, 1990, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V16, P11 dAmato T, 1996, PSYCHIAT RES, V60, P205, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02794-1 DAMATO T, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V55, P65, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(94)90001-9 DANNEEL R, 1973, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V217, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF02552830 D'AMATO T, 1991, Encephale, V17, P67 Dassa D, 1996, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V20, P243, DOI 10.1016/0278-5846(95)00307-X DASSA D, 1993, SAISON NAISSANCE TRO, P680 DEGREEF G, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P461, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90186-2 DENG HC, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, pA73 DeQuardo JR, 1996, SCHIZOPHR RES, V20, P275, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00003-8 DIEBOLD K, 1975, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V43, P71 DIMICHELE V, 1992, EUR PSYCHIAT, V7, P91 EAGLES JM, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V167, P469, DOI 10.1192/bjp.167.4.469 EDE A, 1985, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V55, P451 EDE A, 1986, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V56, P169 EDWARDS JH, 1961, ANN HUM GENET, V25, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1961.tb01501.x FANANAS L, 1989, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V24, P266, DOI 10.1007/BF01788969 FAUSTMAN WO, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P644, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199210000-00006 FOMBONNE E, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P655 FORTUNY J, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, pS403 FOSSEY E, 1992, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V37, P299 FOSTER HD, 1988, J ORTHOMOL MED, V3, P135 FRANGOS E, 1978, NEUROLOGIA PSYCHIAT, V1, P129 FRANZEK E, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P375, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90042-X FRANZEK E, 1993, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V61, P22, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-999116 GALLAGHER BJ, 1983, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V92, P524, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.92.4.524 GALLAGHER BJ, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V40, P1151, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198409)40:5<1151::AID-JCLP2270400505>3.0.CO;2-E GARRALDA ME, 1989, J ADOLESCENCE, V12, P315, DOI 10.1016/0140-1971(89)90081-X GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P152, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01373.x GOLDBLOOM D, 1985, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V46, P350 GOLDSTEIN JM, 1990, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V16, P263 GREENBERG ED, 1981, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V16, P513 GRENANDER U, 1957, STATISTICAL ANAL STA HAFNER H, 1987, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V236, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF00377422 HARE E, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V124, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.124.1.81 HARE E, 1981, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V63, P396, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00687.x HARE E, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P554, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.5.554 HARE EH, 1988, NOSOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOG, P345 HARE EH, 1978, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V132, P155, DOI 10.1192/bjp.132.2.155 HARE EH, 1975, AM J PSYCHIAT, V132, P1168 HARE EH, 1975, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V52, P69, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00024.x HARE EH, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V129, P49, DOI 10.1192/bjp.129.1.49 HARE EH, 1983, RES VIRAL HYPOTHESIS, P52 HARE EH, 1979, POPUL TRENDS, V17, P9 HARE EH, 1973, NATURE, V241, P480, DOI 10.1038/241480a0 HARE EH, 1968, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P533 HARE EH, 1972, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V121, P515, DOI 10.1192/bjp.121.5.515 HILDEBRANDT JOG, 1992, ANALES SALUD MENTAL, V8, P69 *HIPP, 460 BC END DIS AIRS HSIEH HH, 1987, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V75, P373, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02804.x Huntington E., 1938, SEASON BIRTH ITS REL Iannuzzo G, 1990, Minerva Psichiatr, V31, P63 JAMES WH, 1990, J BIOSOC SCI, V22, P113 James W H, 1976, Br J Psychiatry, V129, P94 JAMES WH, 1978, LANCET 0325, P664 JOHNSTONE IM, 1996, WAVELET THRESHOLD ES JONES IH, 1979, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V59, P164, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1979.tb06958.x JONES PB, 1991, NATO ADV SCI I A-LIF, V217, P191 JONES RH, 1988, BIOMETRICS, V44, P1131, DOI 10.2307/2531741 Jongbloet P. H., 1975, AGING GAMETES, P300 KATSANIS J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P841, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90316-R KELL MJ, 1995, J ADDICT DIS, V14, P19, DOI 10.1300/J069v14n03_02 KENDELL RE, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P499, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.4.499 KENDLER KS, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P186, DOI 10.1192/bjp.141.2.186 KHIARI G, 1994, ENCEPHALE, V20, P473 KIM CE, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P829, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.6.829 KING DJ, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P137, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.2.137 Kinney D. K., 1993, SCHIZOPHR RES, V9, P135, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(93)90224-7 KINNEY DK, 1978, NATURE SCHIZOPHRENIA, P38 KINNEY DK, 1994, J PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P499, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(94)90040-X KITAMURA T, 1995, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V49, P189, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01883.x KNOBLOCH H, 1958, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V489, P1201 KOEHLER K, 1976, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V223, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF00367454 KOEHLER K, 1976, PSYCHIAT CLIN, V9, P212 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V17, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00707913 KRONENGOLD H, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P14, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95054-D KRUPINSKI J, 1976, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V10, P311, DOI 10.3109/00048677609159517 LAESTADIUS T, 1949, Nord Psyk Medl, V3, P255 Landesman SH, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V334, P1617, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199606203342501 LANG THEO, 1931, ARCH RASS U GES BIOL, V25, P42 LARSON C A, 1976, IRCS (International Research Communications System) Medical Science Library Compendium, V4, P56 LEWIS G, 1992, LANCET, V340, P137, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93213-7 LEWIS MS, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P589, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.89.3.589 LEWIS MS, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V15, P59 LIVINGSTON R, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P612, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00018 LO CW, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P212, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.2.212 LONDON WP, 1987, ALCOHOL, V4, P127, DOI 10.1016/0741-8329(87)90010-3 LYNGE I, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P414, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09802.x MACHON RA, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P122, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.122 MACHON RA, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P383, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.4.383 Malesu R. R., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P100, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85354-0 MARRERO O, 1983, J STAT COMPUT SIM, V17, P275, DOI 10.1080/00949658308810666 McGrath J, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V167, P783, DOI 10.1192/bjp.167.6.783 MCNEIL T, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V54, P267, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00120.x MCNEIL T, 1975, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V221, P1 MCNEIL TF, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P329, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.544.329 MCNEIL TF, 1987, BIOL PERSPECTIVES SC, P125 MICHITSUJI S, 1987, SEASONAL EFFECTS REP, P195 MILSTEIN V, 1976, DIS NERV SYST, V37, P373 Mimica N., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P101, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85356-4 Modestin J, 1996, EUR PSYCHIAT, V11, P34, DOI 10.1016/0924-9338(96)80456-1 MODESTIN J, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P140, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09755.x MOORE PB, 1996, J PSYCHOPHARMACOL S3, V10, P236 MORGAN R, 1978, LANCET 0415, P830 MOURIDSEN SE, 1994, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V25, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02251098 MULLER HG, 1990, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V239, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01735060 NAEYE RL, 1980, EARLY HUM DEV, V4, P61, DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(80)90009-2 NASRALLAH HA, 1984, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V69, P292, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02498.x NEWMAN SC, 1988, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V33, P705 NIELSEN S, 1992, INT J EAT DISORDER, V11, P25, DOI 10.1002/1098-108X(199201)11:1<25::AID-EAT2260110105>3.0.CO;2-2 NOLTING WJJ, 1951, NED T GENEESK, V95, P3855 NOLTING WJJ, 1954, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEURO, V57, P347 NOLTING WJJ, 1934, NEDERLANDSCH TIJDSCH, V78, P528 NORRIS AS, 1962, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V7, P206 OCALLAGHAN E, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V166, P51, DOI 10.1192/bjp.166.1.51 OCALLAGHAN E, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P353, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.3.353 OCALLAGHAN E, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P764, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.6.764 ODEGARD O, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V125, P397, DOI 10.1192/bjp.125.4.397 ODEGARD O, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V131, P339, DOI 10.1192/bjp.131.4.339 OHARE A, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P74, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.1.74 OHLUND LS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V27, P328, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90007-O OHLUND LS, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES, V36, P223, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90133-A OPLER LA, 1984, J NERV MENT DIS, V172, P317, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198406000-00002 ORME JE, 1963, DIS NERV SYST, V24, P489 OWEN MJ, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P407 PALLAST EGM, 1994, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V20, P269 PARKER G, 1978, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V12, P69, DOI 10.3109/00048677809159593 PARKER G, 1977, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V56, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb06672.x PARKER G, 1978, MED J AUSTRALIA, V2, P563 PARKER G, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V129, P355, DOI 10.1192/bjp.129.4.355 PARKINSON KJ, 1978, PHOTOSYNTHETICA, V12, P65 PASAMANICK B, 1986, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V56, P168 PASAMANICK B, 1961, COMP EPIDEMIOLOGY ME, P260 PETERSEN W, 1934, PATIENT WEATHER MENT PILE W, 1951, Va Med Mon (1918), V78, P438 POCOCK SJ, 1974, J ROY STAT SOC C-APP, V23, P103 PULVER AE, 1981, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V114, P735 PULVER AE, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P389, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.4.389 PULVER AE, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P65, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.1.65 PULVER AE, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P71, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.1.71 QUESTED DJ, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P587 Rezaul I, 1996, INT J EAT DISORDER, V19, P53, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199601)19:1<53::AID-EAT7>3.0.CO;2-V RIHMER Z, 1980, PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P247, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90054-2 RODRIGO G, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V86, P327, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03274.x RODRIGO G, 1991, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V84, P320, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03152.x ROY MA, 1994, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V89, P324, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01523.x Roy MA, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V17, P241, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00010-0 RUSSELL D, 1993, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V47, P362, DOI 10.1136/jech.47.5.362 Sacchetti E, 1987, ETIOPATHOGENETIC HYP, P93 SACCHETTI E, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P390, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.3.390 SANKAR DVS, 1969, SCHIZOPHRENIA CURREN, P450 SCHNUR DB, 1995, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V37, P34, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00146-T SHAM PC, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P627, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.5.627 SHENSKY T, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P316 SHIMURA M, 1987, PROGR BIOMETEOROL, V6, P145 SHIMURA M, 1980, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V61, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00562.x SHIMURA M, 1977, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V55, P225, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00166.x SHUR E, 1983, PSYCHOL BULL, V93, P373 SHUR E, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V140, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.140.4.410 SYME GJ, 1978, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V34, P633, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(197807)34:3<633::AID-JCLP2270340310>3.0.CO;2-9 TAKEI N, 1995, EUR PSYCHIAT, V10, P165, DOI 10.1016/0767-399X(96)80059-9 TAKEI N, 1995, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V49, P106, DOI 10.1136/jech.49.1.106 TAM WCC, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P117 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TEMPLER DI, 1992, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V85, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04007.x TEMPLER DI, 1978, J ORTHOMOL MED, V7, P231 TEMPLER DI, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V140, P323 TORREY EF, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V134, P183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.134.2.183 TORREY EF, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P167 TORREY EF, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1065 TORREY EF, 1990, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V16, P1 TORREY EF, 1991, PSYCHIAT BIOL FACTOR, P109 TORREY EF, 1988, SCHIZOPHR RES, V1, P73 Torrey EF, 1996, SCHIZOPHR RES, V21, P141 TORREY EF, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P101 TORREY EF, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA SCI PR, P45 TORREY EF, 1993, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V19, P557 Torrey EF, 1997, SCHIZOPHR RES, V25, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00020-0 Tramer M, 1929, SCHWEIZ ARCH NEUROL, V24, P17 TURNQUIST K, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P1571 VANOS J, 1996, EUR PSYCHIAT S4, V11, P428 Verdoux H, 1997, SCHIZOPHR RES, V23, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00096-5 VIDEBECH T, 1974, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V50, P202, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1974.tb08209.x WALTER SD, 1975, BRIT J PREV SOC MED, V29, P18 WARREN CW, 1986, SOC BIOL, V33, P116 WATSON CG, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V40, P884, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198407)40:4<884::AID-JCLP2270400402>3.0.CO;2-7 WATSON CG, 1982, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V91, P120, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.91.2.120 WATSON CG, 1987, J NERV MENT DIS, V175, P34, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198701000-00006 WATSON CG, 1984, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V41, P85 WELHAM JL, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P202 WILMS G, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V85, P306, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01474.x WOLYNIEC P, 1993, SCHIZOPHR RES, V9, P113, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(93)90158-F WOODARD P, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P537 WOODRUFF RA, 1974, AM J PSYCHIAT, V131, P925 Wyatt RJ, 1996, PSYCHIATRY, V59, P357 YASSA R, 1979, INT PHARMACOPSYCHIAT, V14, P57 YOLKEN RH, 1995, CLIN MICROBIOL REV, V8, P131 ZIPURSKY RB, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P1288, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90040-0 NR 240 TC 363 Z9 367 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD NOV 7 PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00092-3 PG 38 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YH935 UT WOS:A1997YH93500001 PM 9428062 ER PT J AU Tordjman, S Ferrari, P Sulmont, V Duyme, M Roubertoux, P AF Tordjman, S Ferrari, P Sulmont, V Duyme, M Roubertoux, P TI Androgenic activity in autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; ASSOCIATIONS; HYPOTHESIS; PATHOLOGY; PROGRAM CR ARCHER J, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V82, P1 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P521 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P634 McBride PA, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P980 TORDJMAN S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF02179290 NR 5 TC 38 Z9 39 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1626 EP 1627 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YD365 UT WOS:A1997YD36500040 PM 9356582 ER PT J AU Moore, DG Hobson, RP Lee, A AF Moore, DG Hobson, RP Lee, A TI Components of person perception: An investigation with autistic, non-autistic retarded and typically developing children and adolescents SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONRETARDED-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; EMOTION; RECOGNITION; ADULTS; FACES; INDIVIDUALS; INFANTS AB This study is an attempt to analyse whether there may be separable components to the human ability to perceive people as people who engage in actions and who have attitudes. We adopted the approach of developmental psychopathology. Matched groups of typically developing, autistic and non-autistic retarded(MR) children and adolescents were tested for the ability to recognize videotaped representations of 'a person', a person's actions and a person's emotion-related attitudes and allied subjective states as manifest in moving point-light images of people. Autistic and non-autistic MR participants did not differ in the ability to recognize that a person was represented in very brief exposures of a walking point-light display; autistic, MR and typically developing participants were equally able to recognize a person's actions. Non-autistic MR and typically developing participants were also similar in their propensity to notice a person's attitudes vis-a-vis the person's actions, and in their abilities to recognize actions and attitudes when specifically asked to do so. By comparison, however, autistic participants were specifically impaired in attending to and discriminating people's attitudes and states. The results are discussed in relation to current debates on the nature of basic person-perceptual abilities that may underpin typically developing children's understanding of persons with minds ('theory of mind'). We also consider their relevance for controversies over the primary deficits in autism. C1 TAVISTOCK CLIN,ADULT DEPT,DEV PSYCHOPATHOL RES UNIT,LONDON NW3 5BA,ENGLAND. UCL,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Moore, DG (reprint author), UNIV E LONDON,DEPT PSYCHOL,STRATFORD CAMPUS,ROMFORD RD,LONDON E15 4LZ,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1994, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P59 BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BERTENTHAL BI, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V37, P213, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90001-8 Carey S., 1994, MAPPING MIND DOMAIN, P169, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511752902.008 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 CUTTING JE, 1977, B PSYCHONOMIC SOC, V9, P353 DASSER V, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P365, DOI 10.1126/science.2911746 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL FAGAN JF, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P627, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1976.tb02226.x FOX R, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P486, DOI 10.1126/science.7123249 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GRAY JM, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.6.566 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Hobson R. P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P197, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000390 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P434 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOBSON RP, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN HOBSON RP, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 HOBSON RP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02212860 HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 JOHANSSO.G, 1973, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V14, P201, DOI 10.3758/BF03212378 JOHANSSON G, 1976, PSYCHOL RES-PSYCH FO, V38, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF00309043 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOZLOWSKI LT, 1977, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V21, P575, DOI 10.3758/BF03198740 Langdell T., 1981, THESIS U LONDON LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Leslie A.M., 1994, MAPPING MIND DOMAIN, P119, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511752902.006 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MANDLER JM, 1992, PSYCHOL REV, V99, P587, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.99.4.587 MARCELL MM, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P537 MAURER H, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P505 MAURER H, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P511 MOORE DG, 1995, INTELLIGENCE, V20, P65, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(95)90006-3 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 PREMACK D, 1991, CHILDRENS THEORIES OF MIND : MENTAL STATES AND SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING, P39 SHAVER P, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P1061, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061 SHERROD LR, 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P11 Spelke E. S., 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P61 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x WEEKS SJ, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00658.x Werner H., 1948, COMP PSYCHOL MENTAL WITTGENSTEIN L, 1980, REMARKS PHILOSOPHY P, V2 ZIGLER E, 1969, AM J MENT DEF, V73, P536 NR 61 TC 99 Z9 100 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 15 BP 401 EP 423 PN 4 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YG768 UT WOS:A1997YG76800001 ER PT J AU Boucher, J AF Boucher, J TI Preschool children with inadequate communication: Developmental language disorder, autism, low IQ - Rapin,I SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Boucher, J (reprint author), UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT HUMAN COMMUN,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Rapin I., 1996, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN I NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 15 BP 550 EP 551 PN 4 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YG768 UT WOS:A1997YG76800016 ER PT J AU Deb, S AF Deb, S TI Structural neuroimaging in learning disability SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; ABNORMALITIES; NEUROANATOMY; AUTISM; CT; HYPOPLASIA AB Background Neuroimaging has proven useful in confirming diagnoses of certain neuropsychiatric conditions, but neuroimaging studies in learning disability are at an early stage. Method A review of recent structural neuroimaging research in relation to learning disability was carried out. Results Brain abnormalities can be detected in cases of idiopathic and non-idiopathic learning disability, but their significance is not clear due to discrepancies in study findings and the small cohorts involved. Conclusion Although the role of structural neuroimaging in the assessment of people with learning disability is not clear, new magnetic resonance imaging technology holds great promise for future research. RP Deb, S (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL MED,DIV PSYCHOL MED,HEATH PK,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. CR COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAVID AS, 1993, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V56, P85, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.56.1.85 DEB S, 1995, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V8, P280, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199509000-00004 DEB S, 1997, PSYCHIAT LEARNING DI, P93 DEB S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P395, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.3.395 DORRIES A, 1988, EUR J PEDIATR, V148, P270, DOI 10.1007/BF00441419 Filipek PA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF02172014 HOMANO K, 1990, NEURORADIOLOGY, V32, P300 JERNIGAN TL, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P186 KOO BKK, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P4417 MIMAKI T, 1989, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V80, P136 PALMINI A, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V30, P741, DOI 10.1002/ana.410300602 PEARLSON GD, 1990, AM J NEURORADIOL, V11, P811 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 REISS AL, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1317 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P279 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 SCHAEFER GB, 1992, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V39, P929 SCHAEFER GB, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P933 SCHAPIRO MB, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P1349 SUSSOVA J, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P792 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P476, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380267 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1997 VL 171 BP 417 EP 419 DI 10.1192/bjp.171.5.417 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YE354 UT WOS:A1997YE35400005 PM 9463598 ER PT J AU Hodapp, RM Wijma, CA Masino, LL AF Hodapp, RM Wijma, CA Masino, LL TI Families of children with 5p- (cri du chat) syndrome: familial stress and sibling reactions SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DISABLED-CHILDREN; PARENTAL STRESS; DOWNS-SYNDROME; SHORT-FORM; AUTISM; QUESTIONNAIRE; DISABILITIES; RESOURCES AB This research examined family stress and sibling reactions in families of children with 5p- (cri du chat) syndrome aged 1 to 18 years who were living at home. In Study 1, 99 parents reported on themselves and their child with 5p-, as well as on family demographics, social supports, and stress. The best predictor of familial stress was the child's amount of maladaptive behavior, accounting for 12 to 38% of the variance across different stress measures. In Study 2, sibling concerns were examined in 44 unaffected siblings. The major finding was that parents and siblings disagreed on the extent of the siblings' interpersonal concerns. Parents reported that siblings felt ignored and misunderstood, whereas siblings themselves rated these concerns at much lower levels. RP Hodapp, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,GRAD SCH EDUC & INFORMAT STUDIES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 BRESLAU N, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P1040 Cahill BM, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P149 CARLIN ME, 1990, P 8 C INT ASS SCI ST, P64 DONOVAN AM, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P502 Dykens E. M., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P388 Dykens EM, 1997, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V39, P752 DYKENS EM, 1997, IN PRESS AM J MENTAL, V102 DYSON LL, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P207 DYSON LL, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P623 DYSON LL, 1989, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V14, P215, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/14.2.215 ERIKSON M, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P250 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 FRIEDRICH WN, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P41 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 GLIDDEN LM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P481 Hodapp RM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P11, DOI 10.1023/A:1025865004299 HODAPP RM, 1997, HDB PARENTING, V102, P67 Hodapp RM., 1995, HDB PARENTING, V1, P233 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 KASARI C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P30 KAZAK AE, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF00916471 MARSHBURN EC, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF01048240 Minnes P. M., 1988, INT REV RES MENT RET, V15, P195, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60223-2 MYERS BA, 1991, J NERV MENT DIS, V179, P609, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199110000-00004 RODRIGUE JR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P665, DOI 10.1007/BF01046108 ROEYERS H, 1995, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V21, P305, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1995.tb00760.x SAHLER OJZ, 1989, AM J DIS CHILD, V143, P690 SCOTT RL, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P331 Seltzer M. M., 1994, LIFE-SPAN DEV BEHAV, V12, P1 SHAPIRO J, 1997, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI, P606 SPARROW SS, 1995, VINELAND SCREENER OV SPARROW SS, 1983, VINELAND SCALES ADAP STONEMAN Z, 1997, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI, P669 WILKINS LE, 1983, J PEDIATR-US, V102, P528, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(83)80179-6 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 39 IS 11 BP 757 EP 761 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA YH146 UT WOS:A1997YH14600008 PM 9393890 ER PT J AU Gillberg, C AF Gillberg, C TI Practitioner review: Physical investigations in mental retardation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Review DE autism; mental handicap; physical disability; brain damage; assessment; diagnosis; etiology ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; DISABILITY AB Mental retardation occurs in more than 1 % of the child population. A cause can be found in almost 80 % of individuals with severe mental retardation, but in fewer than 40 % of those with mild mental retardation. A work-up is indicated in all cases of mental retardation. A medical doctor with specific training in the field is needed to make "decision-tree diagnosis" and to suggest the most appropriate physical investigations in each case. This paper provides practical guidelines for diagnosis and work-up both in severe and mild mental retardation. C1 Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Annedals Clin, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Annedals Clin, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. CR AMAN MG, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P283 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLOMQUIST HK, 1982, CLIN GENET, V21, P209 DEONNA T, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01061.x DEUTSCH SI, 1990, APPL BASIC NEUROSCIE EINFELD SL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02178498 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GUSTAVSON KH, 1987, UPSALA J MED SCI S, P44 HAGBERG B, 1983, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V5, P441 HAGBERG B, 1981, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V70, P441, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05720.x HAGBERG BA, 1996, HAND CLINIC, P623 Harris J. C, 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, VII Harris J. C., 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x Landgren M, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P891 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P297 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P314 O'Brien G., 1995, BEHAV PHENOTYPES Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Simonoff E, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01404.x Steffenburg S, 1996, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V53, P904 Waldrop M. F., 1971, EXCEPTIONAL INFANT S, P343 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 8 BP 889 EP 897 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01608.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YM276 UT WOS:000071047400003 PM 9413789 ER PT J AU Kazak, S Collis, GM Lewis, V AF Kazak, S Collis, GM Lewis, V TI Can young people with autism refer to knowledge states? Evidence from their understanding of "know" and "guess" SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; theory of mind; know and guess; language ability ID FALSE BELIEF; VERBAL-ABILITY; CHILDS THEORY; MIND; DECEPTION; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; DIFFICULTY; IGNORANCE; DEFICIT AB A number of studies have reported that most individuals with autism have difficulty in attributing mental states. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the ability of children with autism to refer to knowledge states with that of mainstream school children and children with Down's syndrome. The second aim was to investigate the role of verbal mental age in referring to knowledge states. The third aim was to compare the ease with which the children referred to their own mental state and to that of others. The results suggest that some individuals with autism are able to attribute knowledge to themselves and others but that they need to have higher verbal skills than is necessary in normal individuals. The level of language skill predicted the performance of the individuals with autism, but not that of the children in the other groups. There was no good evidence that referring to one's own mental states was easier than referring to another person's, a finding which supports representational theory rather than the simulationist position. C1 Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, TR-0653 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Kazak, S (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, TR-0653 Ankara, Turkey. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P397 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHERS Bishop D. V. M, 1982, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BRETHERTON I, 1981, SOCIAL COGNITION INF, P333 BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Dunn L. M., 1981, MANUAL PEABODY PICTU EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Harris P. L., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P283 HOBSON RP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02212860 HOGREFE GJ, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P567, DOI 10.2307/1130337 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES PRATT C, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P973, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02835.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 Renfrew C., 1988, ACTION PICTURE TEST RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x SULLIVAN K, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P159 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1059, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01809.x Wechsler D., 1974, MANUAL WESCHSLER INT WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 WIMMER H, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P386, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01474.x NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01617.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YM276 UT WOS:000071047400012 PM 9413798 ER PT J AU Piven, J Palmer, P AF Piven, J Palmer, P TI Cognitive deficits in parents from multiple-incidence autism families SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; cognitive deficits; genetics; phenotype; family studies ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; ADULT DYSLEXICS; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; HISTORY; TWIN AB This study compares parents of two autistic children with parents of a Down syndrome (DS) proband, on tests of intelligence, reading and spelling, and executive function. Autism parents performed significantly worse than DS parents on performance IQ, a test of executive function, and some reading measures (e.g. passage comprehension and rapid automatized naming). These results suggest that cognitive deficits may be an expression of the underlying genetic liability for autism and that these characteristics may contribute to a more broadly defined autism phenotype. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Piven, J (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Psychiat, 1875 John Pappajohn Pavil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CR ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BORYS SV, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P87, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90008-X DENCKLA MB, 1976, BRAIN LANG, V3, P1, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(76)90001-8 FELTON RH, 1989, J LEARN DISABIL, V22, P3 FELTON RH, 1990, BRAIN LANG, V39, P485, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(90)90157-C FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 GREEN L, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION, P200 Grigorenko EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P27 Hughes C, 1997, PSYCHOL MED, V27, P209, DOI 10.1017/S0033291796004308 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MEYER M, IN PRESS J LEARNING MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 *OFF POP CENS SURV, 1980, BRIT MAN CLASS OCC OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 PENNINGTON BF, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1753, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03564.x Piaget J., 1976, GRASP CONSCIOUSNESS PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 Piven J, 1997, AM J PSYCHIAT, V154, P185 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 SANTANGELO SL, 1996, PSYCHIATR GENET, V6, P156, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199623000-00060 SANTANGELO SL, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P89 Shallice T., 1982, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY COGN, P199 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STUTSMAN R, 1952, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P, P78 SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P282, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600405 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd WELSH MC, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P131 WELSH MC, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V32, P76, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90118-0 WOLF M, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P988, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00260.x WOODCOCK RW, 1989, WOODCOCK JOHNSON PSY, P110 WOODCOCK RW, 1991, WOODCOCK JOHNSON TES NR 66 TC 80 Z9 81 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1011 EP 1021 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01618.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YM276 UT WOS:000071047400013 PM 9413799 ER PT J AU Smyth, MM Mason, UC AF Smyth, MM Mason, UC TI Planning and execution of action in children with and without developmental coordination disorder SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE clumsy children; schoolchildren; motor skills; planning action; kinaesthesis ID CLUMSY CHILDREN; MOTOR; MOVEMENT; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; CLUMSINESS; JUDGEMENTS; POSTURES; SKILL; SPACE AB Ninety-five children from six English primary schools were identified on the basis of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) as having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and, together with age-and ability-matched controls, were given three tasks that involved proprioception in the control and discrimination of limb position, and two tasks that involved planning for end state comfort after a bar was grasped and turned. The children in the DCD group performed less well on the majority of the proprioceptive tasks, but did not differ from controls in planning of grip selection. There was an improvement in grip planning with age. The results are contrasted with research indicating that people with autism do have a difficulty with planning grip selection. C1 Univ Lancaster, Dept Psychol, Lancaster LA1 4YF, England. RP Smyth, MM (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Psychol, Lancaster LA1 4YF, England. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ARBIB MA, 1990, ATTENTION PERFORM, V13, P343 CANTELL MH, 1994, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V11, P115 CONNOLLY K, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P894, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.6.894 CRUSE H, 1990, BIOL CYBERN, V62, P519, DOI 10.1007/BF00205114 DOYLE AJR, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P188 ELLIOTT JM, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P80 HENDERSON L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P895, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01963.x HENDERSON SE, 1982, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V24, P448 Henderson SE, 1992, MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT HILL E, 1994, THESIS U LANCASTER HOARE D, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P671 HUGHES C, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P101 HULME C, 1982, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V24, P461 Jeannerod M, 1988, NEURAL BEHAV ORG GOA KELSO JAS, 1994, HUM MOVEMENT SCI, V13, P63, DOI 10.1016/0167-9457(94)90029-9 KLATZKY RL, 1987, J MOTOR BEHAV, V19, P187 KORKMAN M, 1988, NEPSY PROPOSED NEURO Laszlo J. I., 1985, PERCEPTUAL MOTOR BEH LOGAN GD, 1988, PSYCHOL REV, V95, P492, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.95.4.492 LORD R, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P250 Maeland AF, 1992, ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT, V9, P330 MONWILLIAMS MA, 1994, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V11, P170 Rosblad Birgit, 1992, Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, V8, P223, DOI 10.3109/09593989209108106 Rosenbaum D. A., 1990, ATTENTION PERFORM, P321 ROSENBAUM DA, 1992, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V18, P1058, DOI 10.1037//0278-7393.18.5.1058 ROSENBAUM DA, 1993, UNPUB GRASPING GRASP ROSENBAUM DA, 1992, HUM MOVEMENT SCI, V11, P61, DOI 10.1016/0167-9457(92)90050-L ROSENBAUM DA, 1995, PSYCHOL REV, V102, P28, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.102.1.28 ROSSETTI Y, 1994, EXP BRAIN RES, V99, P131 SMYTH MM, 1990, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V42, P291 SMYTH TR, 1992, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V18, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1992.tb00360.x STELMACH GE, 1994, J MOTOR BEHAV, V26, P178 SUGDEN D, 1991, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V61, P329 TAYLOR DC, 1979, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V5, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1979.tb00121.x VANDELLEN T, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P489 VANDERMEULEN JHP, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P40 VONHOFSTEN C, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V38, P208, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90122-X VONHOFSTEN C, 1988, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V26, P805, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(88)90051-6 WILLIAMS HG, 1992, J MOTOR BEHAV, V24, P165 NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1023 EP 1037 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01619.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YM276 UT WOS:000071047400014 PM 9413800 ER PT J AU Wozniak, J Biederman, J Faraone, SV Frazier, J Kim, J Millstein, R Gershon, J Thornell, A Cha, K Snyder, JB AF Wozniak, J Biederman, J Faraone, SV Frazier, J Kim, J Millstein, R Gershon, J Thornell, A Cha, K Snyder, JB TI Mania in children with pervasive developmental disorder revisited SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE bipolar disorder; autism; comorbidity; children ID FAMILY HISTORY; AUTISM AB Objective: Although a smalt literature of case reports suggests that mania co-occurs with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), little is known about this overlap. The authors systematically investigated the overlap between mania and PDD in a consecutive sample of referred youths, examining its prevalence and correlates. II was hypothesized that children with PDD plus manic features have both disorders. Method: Subjects were consecutively referred children meeting diagnostic criteria on structured interview far PDD without mania (n = 52), the comorbid condition PDD+mania (n = 14), and mania without PDD (n = 114). All subjects were evaluated using a comprehensive diagnostic battery that included assessment of psychopathology (structured diagnostic interview and Child Behavior Checklist), cognition, and functioning. Results: Of the 727 referred children, 52 met criteria for PDD, 114 met criteria for mania, and 14 met criteria for both. The 14 children with both PDD+mania represented 21% of the PDD subjects and 11% of all manic subjects. Clinical characteristics of PDD were similar in PDD subjects with and without mania, and manic features were similar in manic children with and without PDD. Conclusions: Children with PDD and mania may suffer from two disorders. Comorbid mania among patients with PDD may be more common than previously thought. Identification of the comorbid condition may have important therapeutic and scientific implications. RP Wozniak, J (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,SCH MED,PEDIAT PSYCHOPHARMACOL UNIT,CHILD PSYCHIAT SERV,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO BIEDERMAN J, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P728 BIEDERMAN J, 1996, ANN M AM AC CHILD AD DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P674 DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 ORVASCHEL H, 1984, ASSESSMENT ADAPTIVE Orvaschel H., 1987, KIDDIE SADS PATIENT SOVNER R, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V50, P40 STEINGARD R, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P932, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00021 SZYMANSKI LS, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P246 WOZNIAK J, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P867, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199507000-00010 NR 12 TC 74 Z9 76 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1552 EP 1559 DI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66564-3 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YC340 UT WOS:A1997YC34000017 PM 9394940 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E DuMazaubrun, C Cans, C Grandjean, H AF Fombonne, E DuMazaubrun, C Cans, C Grandjean, H TI Autism and associated medical disorders in a French epidemiological survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; prevalence; epidemiology; secular trend; medical disorder ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; PARENTS; TWINS AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of autism, to assess the strength of its association with specific medical disorders, and to test for a secular increase in its incidence. Method: An epidemiological survey was conducted among 325,347 French children born between 1976 and 1985 and living in three different French departements. Diagnosis, educational level, and associated medical conditions were abstracted from the records of children known to local educational authorities. Data were also pooled with those from another similar survey Results: One hundred seventy-four children (mean age: 11.6 years) with autism were identified, The prevalence rate was 5.35/10,000 (16.3/10,000 if other pervasive developmental disorders are included), with no difference according to geographical area or social class. Rates of medical conditions were as follows: 1.1% for tuberous sclerosis, 2.9% for chromosomal abnormalities including fragile X, 2.9% for cerebral palsy, 4.6% for sensory impairments, 0.6% for neurofibromatosis, 0.6% for congenital rubella, and 1.7% for Down syndrome. In the combined sample of 328 children with autism, the level and pattern of medical correlates were comparable, with tuberous sclerosis having a consistently strong association with autism. Prevalence rates were similar in successive birth cohorts. Conclusion: Medical disorders (excluding epilepsy and sensory impairments) accounted for fewer than 10% of the cases of autism. No secular increase in the prevalence of autism was found. C1 UNIV LONDON,MAUDSLEY HOSP,LONDON,ENGLAND. INSERM U149,PARIS,FRANCE. REGISTRE HANDICAPS ENFANT,GRENOBLE,FRANCE. OBSERV PERINATAL,GRENOBLE,FRANCE. HOP LA GRAVE,INSERM,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DENMARK HILL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Cans, Christine/M-6153-2014 OI Cans, Christine/0000-0003-3071-9959 CR AHLSEN G, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P76 AUSSILLOUX C, 1989, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHI, V7, P24 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x Brask B., 1972, NORD S CAR PSYCH CHI BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P440, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00011 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P700, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198709000-00014 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 CIALDELLA P, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00775.x EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FOMBONNE E, IN PRESS AUTISM PERV FOMBONNE E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P563, DOI 10.1007/BF01046328 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 FOMBONNE E, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V6, P673 FOMBONNE E, 1995, TROUBLES SEVERES DEV GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J INTELLECT DISABIL, V35, P449 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P1 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 Honda H, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V169, P228, DOI 10.1192/bjp.169.2.228 HOSHINO Y, 1982, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V36, P115 HOWLIN P, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P406 HUNT A, 1984, J MED GENET, V21, P272, DOI 10.1136/jmg.21.4.272 *I NAT STAT EC SOC, 1983, NOM PROF CAT SOC PCS *I NAT STAT EC SOC, 1992, REC POP 1990 SOND 1 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P183 LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 Mouridsen S E, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P15 Paneth N, 1984, CLIN DEV MED, V87, P46 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RUMEAUROUQUETTE C, 1994, PREVALENCE HANDICAPS RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Rutter M., 1995, PSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDE SHEPHERD CW, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P400 SHERMAN S, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P69 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 TREFFERT DA, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V22, P431 WING L, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P89 WING L, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.5.410 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 WOLF LC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02212727 World Health Organisation, 1978, INT CLASS DIS World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 48 TC 137 Z9 138 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1561 EP 1569 DI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66566-7 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YC340 UT WOS:A1997YC34000019 PM 9394941 ER PT J AU Kolmen, BK Feldman, HM Handen, BL Janosky, JE AF Kolmen, BK Feldman, HM Handen, BL Janosky, JE TI Naltrexone in young autistic children: Replication study and learning measures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; naltrexone; behavior; learning; psychopharmacology ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; TRIAL AB Objective: This study expanded upon previous work on naltrexone efficacy and safety in young autistic children and assessed performance an teaming measures. Method: Eleven children with autistic disorder, aged 3.0 to 8.3 years, were studied in home, school, and outpatient laboratory, bringing to 24 the combined study sample. Naltrexone, 1.0 mg/kg, was given daily in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Dependent measures were parent and teacher Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and Naltrexone Side Effects Rating Scale (SE), Conners Parent Impulsivity/Hyperactivity Factor, Teacher Hyperactivity Factor, laboratory CGI, and analysis of videotaped behavior. teaming measures were the Early Intervention Developmental Profile-Language and paired-associate learning. Results: Comparisons between naltrexone and baseline, but not naltrexone and placebo, on parent and teacher ratings showed statistical significance. Three of 11 subjects improved in two or more settings. Side effects were mild. Administering naltrexone was a challenge. The combined study sample showed improvement on all parent measures and on Teacher CGI and SE-Restlessness compared with baseline and placebo, Eleven of the 24 children improved in two or more settings. Scores on learning measures did not change across conditions, Conclusions: Naltrexone was associated with modest improvement of behavior in 11 of 24 children, but learning did not improve. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,CHILD DEV UNIT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARKLEY RA, 1990, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, P664 Barron J. L., 1993, HDB BEHAV THERAPY PH, P129 BORHGESE IF, 1991, SOC NEUR ABSTR 21 AN CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 CAMPBELL M, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P194 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 FANN WE, 1980, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA R, P243 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 HERMAN BH, 1991, SCI P 38 ANN M AM AC HERMAN BH, 1989, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V12, P118 Hollingshead A. B., 1958, SOCIAL CLASS MENTAL, P387 KALAT JW, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P477, DOI 10.1007/BF01538051 KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN National Institute of Mental Health, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P839 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 ROGERS SJ, 1981, DEV PROGRAMMING INFA SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SANDYK R, 1986, MED HYPOTHESES, V19, P41, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(86)90135-0 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Scifo Renato, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P301 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SWANSON DG, 1995, INT J MICROWAVE MILL, V5, P301, DOI 10.1002/mmce.4570050503 SWANSON JM, 1976, SCIENCE, V192, P1754 TAYLOR DV, 1993, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V5, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01046596 VEREBEY K, 1980, NIDA RES MONOGR, V28, P147 WALTERS AS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF02284716 NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1570 EP 1578 DI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66567-9 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YC340 UT WOS:A1997YC34000020 PM 9394942 ER PT J AU Mentzos, S AF Mentzos, S TI Psychodynamic differentiation and classification of psychotic processes SO PSYCHOTHERAPEUT LA German DT Article DE psychodynamic of psychoses; classification of psychoses; conflict versus defect; psychosomatoses of the brain AB The author presents a psychodynamic model of psychoses, which, by the way,fits well into the descriptive psychiatric classifications and is also compatible with biological findings. Two fundamental dilemmata - resulting from the conflictualisation of primary, normal bipolarities - are relevant: ''Self identity'' versus ''fusion with the object'' is characteristic for schizophrenia, ''self-worth'' versus ''object-worth'' is relevant for the affective psychosis. This is the first criterion. One can now conceptualize psychoses as pathological ''solutions'' of these two dilemmas. The so-called ''solutions'' involve defense and compensatory mechanisms which can be either self-oriented or object-oriented. Autism versus fusion, or, mania versus depression are typical examples. This is the second criterion. A third criterion resp. dimension refers to the contrast between overstimulation, expansion, primary process etc. on the one hand,and understimulation, restriction etc. on the other. On this dimension one can differentiate between ''productive'' and ''minus''-symptoms. CR ANDREASEN NC, 1994, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V90, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05891.x CIERPKA M, 1995, PSYCHOTHERAPEUT, V40, P69 FIEDLER P, 1994, PERSONLICHKEITSSTORG MENTZOS S, 1997, IN PRESS HDB PSYCHOT MENTZOS S, 1995, EMOTIONSPATHOLOGIE Z MENTZOS S, 1995, DEPRESSION MANIE PSY MENTZOS S, 1997, HDB PSYCHOTHERAPEUTI Mentzos S, 1992, PSYCHOSE KONFLIKT MILLON TH, 1990, EVOLUTIONARY MODEL RUDOLF G, 1995, INTERNALISIERUNG STR NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0935-6185 J9 PSYCHOTHERAPEUT JI Psychotherapeut PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s002780050085 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA YK911 UT WOS:A1997YK91100003 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Hamilton, M Duncan, D Bamburg, J Smiroldo, B Anderson, S Baglio, C Williams, D KirkpatrickSanchez, S AF Matson, JL Hamilton, M Duncan, D Bamburg, J Smiroldo, B Anderson, S Baglio, C Williams, D KirkpatrickSanchez, S TI Characteristics of stereotypic movement disorder and self-injurious behavior assessed with the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH-II) SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article AB The first experiment involved 143 individuals with severe and profound mental retardation. Individuals with Stereotypic Movement Disorder Self-injurious Behavior (SIB), and Stereotypic movement disorder with self-injurious behavior as assessed by the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II DASH-II were validated against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria. lit a second study DASH-II scores for 1480 individuals with severe and profound mental retardation were compared on demographic variables, core and associated features of each disorder. Characteristics of persons in each group were reviewed. Persons with profound mental retardation were more likely to evince stereotypies or self-injury compared to their severely impaired counterparts Also, those with stereotypies were more likely to present with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)/autism, organicity, and eating disorders, while persons with SIE were more likely to evince sleep, sexual, and eating disorders. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th GRIFFIN JC, 1986, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V7, P105, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(86)90022-6 JOHNSON WL, 1992, SELF INJURIOUS BEHAV, V4 LUISELLI JK, 1992, SELF INJURIOUS BEHAV Matson JL, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P135, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00044-5 MATSON JL, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P6, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.6 MATSON JL, 1990, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI MATSON JL, 1992, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY MENT Matson JL, 1997, RES DEV DISABIL, V18, P39, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00036-4 MATSON JL, 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI ROJAHN J, 1984, J BEHAV ASSESSMENT, V8, P13 Schroeder S., 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI Sevin J. A., 1995, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V23, P417 STURMEY P, 1995, RES DEV DISABIL, V16, P235, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00002-5 NR 14 TC 70 Z9 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 457 EP 469 DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(97)00022-X PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA YH811 UT WOS:A1997YH81100005 PM 9403928 ER PT J AU Deshmukh, AR Desmond, JE Sullivan, EV Lane, BF Lane, B Matsumoto, B Marsh, L Lim, KO Pfefferbaum, A AF Deshmukh, AR Desmond, JE Sullivan, EV Lane, BF Lane, B Matsumoto, B Marsh, L Lim, KO Pfefferbaum, A TI Quantification of cerebellar structures with MRI SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; magnetic resonance imaging; measurement; vermis ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GRAY-MATTER; BRAIN; AUTISM; VERMIS; PLANE AB Methodological issues have limited neuroimaging studies of cerebellar structures. In this article we describe a method that addresses some of these limitations and phantom studies that examine the validity of the image manipulations. We compared volumes derived from 3D Spoiled Gradient Recalled Acquisition MR images sliced with respect to three different alignment methods: one based on cerebellar landmarks, another on cerebral landmarks and a third on the plane of acquisition. Examination of coefficients of variation, coefficients of error and convergent validity suggests that although regional cerebellar volumes based on cerebellar landmarks provide the best estimates of the true volumes, observed differences between volume measurements from alignments based on cerebellar or cerebral landmarks were generally not significant and were inconsequential. In this case, the measure was improved with alignment along local, relevant cerebellar landmarks. A set of phantom experiments showed that realignment, reslicing and interpolation in 3-dimensional image processing exerted, at most, trivial distortion on the estimates of actual object volumes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SRI Int, Neuropsychiat Program, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Sullivan, EV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CR COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 Courchesne E, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P203 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AM J NEURORADIOL, V10, P659 Cronbach L. J., 1972, DEPENDABILITY BEHAV CROVITZ HF, 1962, AM J PSYCHOL, V75, P271, DOI 10.2307/1419611 Davila MD, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P433, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.8.3.433 Deshmukh A, 1997, SCHIZOPHR RES, V24, P142, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)82406-1 DESHMUKH A, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P600, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)84284-3 Desmond JE, 1997, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V5, P58, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:1<58::AID-HBM6>3.0.CO;2-M GUNDERSEN HJG, 1988, APMIS, V96, P379 GUNDERSEN HJG, 1987, J MICROSC-OXFORD, V147, P229 HEATH RG, 1982, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P569 JERNIGAN TL, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P55, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90210-D LIM KO, 1992, J GERONTOL, V47, pB26 LIM KO, 1989, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V13, P588, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198907000-00006 LIPPMANN S, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P667 MATHALON DH, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V50, P121, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(93)90016-B Matheron G, 1975, RANDOM SETS INTEGRAL NELSON HE, 1982, NATL ADULT READING S Otsu N, 1979, IEEE T SYST MAN CYB, V9, P63 PFEFFERBAUM A, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P874 PRESS GA, 1990, AM J ROENTGENOL, V154, P593 RAZ N, 1997, INPRESS AM J NEURORA SNYDER PJ, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P407, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)00125-9 SULLIVAN EV, 1996, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V2, P34 TALAIRACH J, 1967, ATLAS STEREOTAXIC AN Victor M, 1989, WERNICKE KORSAKOFF S WEINBERGER DR, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P359 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0925-4927 J9 PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM JI Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0925-4927(97)00051-6 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA YM923 UT WOS:000071115400003 PM 9437773 ER PT J AU Gargus, JJ Lerner, MA AF Gargus, JJ Lerner, MA TI Familial autism with primary carnitine deficiency, sudden death, hypotonia and hypochromic anemia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 547 BP A98 EP A98 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000550 ER PT J AU Hillman, RE Bagby, S Miles, JH AF Hillman, RE Bagby, S Miles, JH TI A homogenous idiopathic autism subgroup: Pedigree analysis and recurrence risks. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 563 BP A101 EP A101 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000567 ER PT J AU Isomura, M Kinjo, T Koyama, N Fukushima, Y Nakamura, Y AF Isomura, M Kinjo, T Koyama, N Fukushima, Y Nakamura, Y TI Cloning and characterization of a breakpoint on chromosome 3 of a de novo reciprocal balanced translocation t(2;8;3)(p11.2;p11.2;p23) found in a patient with autism and epilepsy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fdn Canc Res, Ctr Canc Chemotherapy, Dept Human Genome Anal, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Mol Med Lab, Tokyo, Japan. Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Med Genet, Nagano, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1369 BP A236 EP A236 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001373 ER PT J AU Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Spieler, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A AF Klauck, SM Poustka, F Benner, A Spieler, A Lesch, KP Poustka, A TI Association of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) promoter long variant with autism. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Dept Mol Genome Anal, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Dept Biostat, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychiat, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1635 BP A280 EP A280 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001637 ER PT J AU Miles, JH Blakley, T AF Miles, JH Blakley, T TI Autism associated with chromosome disorders: Family history of alcoholism and psychiatric disorders. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 763 BP A134 EP A134 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000763 ER PT J AU Woods, CG Robinson, M Gardiner, C Roussounis, T AF Woods, CG Robinson, M Gardiner, C Roussounis, T TI Four cases of the condition described by Bundey with autism and a maternal 15q11-13 duplication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St James Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England. St James Univ Hosp, Reg DNA Lab, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England. St James Univ Hosp, Child Dev Ctr, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England. RI woods, christopher/A-1361-2010 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 658 BP A117 EP A117 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000660 ER PT J AU Detterman, DK Thompson, LA AF Detterman, DK Thompson, LA TI What is so special about special education? SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; METHYLPHENIDATE; IQ; INTELLIGENCE; ALLEGATIONS; AUTISM AB There is nothing special about special education. Educational methods have not changed significantly in at least 2,500 years. Ie tests were developed to identify those in need of special education, with the intention of developing appropriate educational methods. Effective special educational methods have yet to be developed. IQ tests are diagnostic but not prescriptive. Effective special educational methods will not be developed until (a) individual differences in student characteristics beyond IQ scores are recognized and understood and (b) educators focus on specific and realistic goals for outcome. RP Detterman, DK (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF02284761 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDRIST CG, 1993, CURRENT TOPICS HUMAN, V2, P1 Barkley RA, 1990, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V2nd BIKLEN D, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P185 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 Binet A., 1905, ANN PSYCHOL, V11, P191, DOI 10.3406/psy.1904.3675 CAPRON C, 1989, NATURE, V340, P552, DOI 10.1038/340552a0 CARLSON CL, 1993, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V22, P184 Detterman D. K., 1994, CURRENT TOPICS HUMAN, V4, P85 Detterman DK, 1990, MICROPSYCH NETWORK, V4, P51 DETTERMAN DK, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P2 DETTERMAN DK, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P251 DETTERMAN DK, 1994, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P35 DINKLAGE D, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P279 FLINTOFF MM, 1982, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V10, P145, DOI 10.1007/BF00915937 FLYNN JR, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P171, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 Gardner H., 1993, MULTIPLE INTELLIGENC Gardner H., 1983, FRAMES MIND GITTELMAN R, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00569.x HAIER RJ, 1988, INTELLIGENCE, V12, P199, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(88)90016-5 HAIER RJ, 1984, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V5, P293, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(84)90068-0 HALPERIN JM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P190, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199203000-00002 HIRSHOREN A, 1995, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V32, P109, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(199504)32:2<109::AID-PITS2310320206>3.0.CO;2-0 Howlin P, 1996, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V20, P103, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(95)00121-2 HUMPHREYS LG, 1974, APTITUDE ACHIEVEMENT, P262 HUNT JM, 1969, HARVARD EDUC REV, V39, P278 JENSEN AR, 1981, INTELLIGENCE, V5, P179, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(81)90008-8 JENSEN AR, 1969, HARVARD EDUC REV, V39, P1 Lazar I., 1982, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V47, p2/3 Matarazzo J. D., 1972, WECHSLERS MEASUREMEN MATTES JA, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P317 McDermott PA, 1996, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V24, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF01448373 MONTEE BB, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-189 PALFREMAN J, 1993, FRONTLINE 1019 PETRILL SA, 1995, BEHAV GENET, V25, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF02197178 PLOMIN R, 1994, BEHAV GENET, V24, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF01067815 RAMEY CT, 1991, POVERTY EARLY CHILDH RAPPORT MD, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P205, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-205 Ree M. J., 1993, CURRENT DIRECTIONS P, V2, P11, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770509 SAFER DJ, 1983, CLIN PEDIATR, V22, P500, DOI 10.1177/000992288302200707 SCARR S, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P424, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x SCARR S, 1993, INTELLIGENCE, V17, P541, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(93)90018-Z SCARR S, 1978, AM SOCIOL REV, V43, P674, DOI 10.2307/2094543 Scarr-Salapatek S., 1976, ORIGINS INTELLIGENCE, P165, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-6961-5_6 SIEGEL B, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P319, DOI 10.1007/BF02179293 Spitz H. H., 1986, RAISING INTELLIGENCE Sternberg R., 1985, IQ TRIARCHIC THEORY Sternberg R. J., 1993, CURRENT DIRECTIONS P, V2, P1, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770441 STERNBERG RJ, 1984, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V7, P269 Strauss D, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P26 Terman L. M., 1916, MEASUREMENT INTELLIG THOMPSON LA, 1991, PSYCHOL SCI, V2, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00124.x WALLIS C, 1994, TIME 0718, V144, P42 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1082 EP 1090 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XZ510 UT WOS:A1997XZ51000008 PM 9329292 ER PT J AU Chugani, DC Muzik, O Rothermel, R Behen, M Chakraborty, P Mangner, T daSilva, EA Chugani, HT AF Chugani, DC Muzik, O Rothermel, R Behen, M Chakraborty, P Mangner, T daSilva, EA Chugani, HT TI Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN; VALIDATION; CEREBELLAR AB Based on reports of increased platelet serotonin in 30 to 50% of autistic subjects, abnormal serotonergic neurotransmission may be important in the pathogenesis of autism. However, serotonin metabolite measurements in cerebrospinal fluid of autistic subjects have failed to demonstrate consistent abnormalities. Using alpha-[C-11]methyl-L-tryptophan as a tracer for serotonin synthesis with positron emission tomography, we now report unilateral alterations of serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys. Asymmetries of serotonin synthesis were found in frontal cortex, thalamus, and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in all 7 boys, but not in the 1 autistic girl studied Decreased serotonin synthesis was found in the left frontal cortex and thalamus in 5 of the 7 boys and in the right frontal cortex and thalamus in the 2 remaining autistic boys. In all 7 cases, elevated serotonin synthesis in the contralateral dentate nucleus was observed. Statistically significant differences between autistic boys and their nonautistic siblings (n = 5) were obtained when comparing asymmetry indices for frontal cortex, thalamus, and dentate nucleus combined as well as individually for frontal cortex and thalamus. These serotonergic abnormalities in a brain pathway, important for language production and sensory integration, may represent one mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of autism. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DETROIT,MI. WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,DETROIT,MI. WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,DETROIT,MI. WAYNE STATE UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DETROIT,MI. CR ALLEN GI, 1974, PHYSIOL REV, V54, P957 ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x ASANUMA C, 1983, BRAIN RES REV, V5, P267, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(83)90016-4 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BROOKS RA, 1987, J NUCL MED, V28, P53 Chakraborty PK, 1996, NUCL MED BIOL, V23, P1005, DOI 10.1016/S0969-8051(96)00127-8 CHUGANI DC, IN PRESS SYNAPSE CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 DIKSIC M, 1991, J NEUROCHEM, V56, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02575.x MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 MUZIK O, IN PRESS J CEREB BLO ORIOLI PJ, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V288, P621 PIETRZYK U, 1994, J NUCL MED, V35, P2011 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SCHELL GR, 1984, J NEUROSCI, V4, P539 STANTON GB, 1980, J COMP NEUROL, V190, P699, DOI 10.1002/cne.901900406 STEVENS J, 1992, APPL MULTIVARIATE ST, P160 THACH WT, 1979, BRAIN RES, V169, P168, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90383-4 WOODARD HQ, 1975, J NUCL MED, V16, P958 NR 21 TC 221 Z9 222 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1002/ana.410420420 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YA463 UT WOS:A1997YA46300019 PM 9382481 ER PT J AU Jensen, VK Larrieu, JA Mack, KK AF Jensen, VK Larrieu, JA Mack, KK TI Differential diagnosis between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not otherwise specified SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; DSM-III; CHILDREN; ARGUMENT; UTILITY; AUTISM; DEBATE AB The lack of clarity in diagnostic classification and the lack of specificity of assessment devices deter accurate identification of children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current study was designed to assess the utility of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) in differentiating PDD-NOS from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), disorders with overlapping symptom constellations. Subjects were 44 children recruited from a tertiary-care center with the diagnosis of ADHD or PDD-NOS. Results showed significant differences between groups on PIC scales assessing internalizing behaviors, social skills, and unusual affect and behavior, There were no group differences on the externalizing or learning scales of the CPRS-48. Discriminant function analysis using preselected PIC variables yielded a correct group classification of 92.7%. The PIC appears to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis between PDD-NOS and ADD, while the CPRS-48, a commonly used screening measure for attentional and behavioral disorders, does not. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DIV PEDIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 Conners C. K., 1990, MANUAL CONNERS RATIN FORBES GB, 1985, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V10, P141, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/10.2.141 GDOWSKI CL, 1985, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V94, P346, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.94.3.346 GREEN C, 1995, HLTH DIS SCH HAPPE F, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00356.x HERTZIG ME, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P123, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00019 JENSEN VK, 1993, AM PSYCH ASS ANN C KAO BT, 1994, 9 NATL TRAIN I ZER 3 KLINE RB, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P839, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00007 LACHAR D, 1990, MULTIDIMENSIONAL DES Minshew N J, 1988, Curr Probl Pediatr, V18, P613 NASS R, 1992, CHILD ADOLESCENT NEU, P56 SLOMAN L, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P165 SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60224-7 SPITZER RL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P855, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00003 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00358.x NR 20 TC 48 Z9 49 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1177/000992289703601001 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YA993 UT WOS:A1997YA99300001 PM 9336673 ER PT J AU Hughes, C Dunn, J AF Hughes, C Dunn, J TI "Pretend you didn't know": Preschoolers' talk about mental states in pretend play SO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; SYMBOLIC PLAY; FALSE BELIEF; MIND; AUTISM; FAMILY; DECEPTION; MOTHER; REPRESENTATION AB Fifty preschoolers (mean age = 47 months; SD = 5 months) were recruited from local inner-city nurseries to take part in a study of early friendships and the development of social understanding. Friendship pairs (10 boy-boy pairs; 10 girl-girl pairs and 5 boy-girl pairs) were filmed playing together for 20 minutes in a quiet room supplied with toys and dressing-up materials. The videos were then transcribed and coded for mental-state talk and pretend play. The children were also given a battery of tests tapping theory-of-mind skills and verbal ability. The results indicated a strong association between children's engagement in pretend play, and the frequency and nature of mental-state talk. This association is discussed in relation to (1) effects of context, (2) individual differences in children's understanding of mind and verbal ability, and (3) the social nature of pretend play. C1 Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, London, England. RP Hughes, C (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, De Crespigny Pk, London, England. EM spjwchh@iop.bpmf.ac.uk CR ASTINGTON JW, 1995, COGNITION EMOTION, V9, P151, DOI 10.1080/02699939508409006 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x Bartsch K., 1995, CHILDREN TALK MIND BARTSCH K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P946, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03526.x Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS CO Bateson G., 1955, PSYCHIATRIC RES REPO, V2, P39 BLACK B, 1992, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V38, P212 Brown JR, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01767.x BROWN JR, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P336, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01631.x CHARLESW.R, 1967, CHILD DEV, V38, P993, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1967.tb04375.x Costello A. J., 1976, MANUAL SYMBOLIC PLAY CUTTING AL, 1996, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE U DELORIMIER S, 1995, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V41, P497 DUNN J, 1991, DEV PSYCHOL, V27, P448, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.27.3.448 DUNN J, 1994, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V40, P120 Dunn J, 1996, SOC DEV, V5, P230, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9507.1996.tb00083.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Flavell John H., 1974, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P66 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X FURROW D, 1992, J CHILD LANG, V19, P617 Garvey C., 1977, PLAY Gottman J., 1983, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V48 Gottman J. M., 1986, CONVERSATIONS FRIEND, P139 GOTTMAN JM, 1980, DEV COGNITION AFFECT, P197 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Harris P. L., 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V58, p[1, v, i, iii] Harris P. L., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P283 HOFFGINSBERG E, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P782, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01569.x Holmes HA, 1996, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V63, P263, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1996.0050 HOWE N, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P1503, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01621.x Howes C., 1992, COLLABORATIVE CONSTR HOWES C, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1253, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00193.x HUGHES C, 1997, EUROPEAN J CHILD ADO, V4 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 Jenkins JM, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P70, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.32.1.70 LALONDE CE, 1995, COGNITION EMOTION, V9, P167, DOI 10.1080/02699939508409007 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 Lewis C., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE LEWIS C, 1995, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL MCCUNENICOLICH L, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P785, DOI 10.2307/1129078 Miller J., 1992, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Miller P., 1984, SYMBOLIC PLAY DEV SO, P101 OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 Parker J. G., 1989, PEER RELATIONSHIPS C, P95 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x PETERSON CC, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01303.x Piaget J, 1962, PLAY DREAMS IMITATIO SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 Shore C.M., 1995, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENC SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03604.x WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 YOUNGBLADE LM, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P1472, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00946.x NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 PU ABLEX PUBL CORP PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT ST, PO BOX 811, STAMFORD, CT 06904-0811 USA SN 0885-2014 J9 COGNITIVE DEV JI Cogn. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 381 EP 403 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA YT100 UT WOS:000071564000003 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR AF Volkmar, FR TI Autism in children and adults: Etiology, assessment, and intervention - Matson,JL SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,333 CEDAR ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bristol MM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF02172002 Matson JL, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 Schopler E, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P7, DOI 10.1007/BF02276231 World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS DIS NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 10 BP 932 EP 932 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XZ236 UT WOS:A1997XZ23600040 ER PT J AU Piven, J AF Piven, J TI The biological basis of autism SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; FAMILY HISTORY; 2 MARKERS; ASSOCIATION; TWIN; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; HIPPOCAMPUS AB Stimulated by recent advances in genetics and neurobiology, there has been a rapid expansion of studies aimed at elucidating the biological basis of autism. Molecular genetic studies looking for susceptibility genes in this disorder are currently being conducted, and neuroimaging studies attempting to identify characteristic structural and functional brain abnormalities are under way. The results of these studies are likely to have a significant impact an our understanding of the pathogenesis of autism. RP Piven, J (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MED EDUC BLDG,ROOM 1-293,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. CR BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V34, P1225 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKER P, 1997, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE BaronCohen S, 1997, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V9, P548, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.548 Bauman ML, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF02172012 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Bolton PF, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P272, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00018 Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 Cook Edwin H. Jr., 1996, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V8, P348, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008 Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 Cook EH, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P928 DANIELS WW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V32, P120, DOI 10.1159/000119223 Davidovitch M, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P389 Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 Feng Y, 1997, J NEUROSCI, V17, P1539 Filipek PA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF02172014 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FRISTON KJ, 1995, CLIN NEUROSCI, V3, P89 GRIGORENKO EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P13 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 Happe F, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P1377, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.4.1377 Happe F, 1996, NEUROREPORT, V8, P197, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 HAZNEDAR MM, 1997, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI HERAULT J, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P276, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600404 Hughes C, 1997, PSYCHOL MED, V27, P209, DOI 10.1017/S0033291796004308 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 Martinsson T, 1996, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V5, P185 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 Minshew N J, 1997, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V3, P303 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PETIT E, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P269, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.4.269 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 Piven J, 1997, AM J MED GENET, V74, P398, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<398::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-D PIVEN J, 1997, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE PIVEN J, 1997, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Piven J, 1997, AM J PSYCHIAT, V154, P1051 Piven J, 1997, NEUROLOGY, V49, P546 Piven J, 1997, AM J PSYCHIAT, V154, P185 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 PIVEN J, 1997, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, P305 Raymond GV, 1996, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V91, P117 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 SMALLEY SL, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P195 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 Warren RP, 1996, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V67, P97 Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0959-4388 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 708 EP 712 DI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80093-1 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YG690 UT WOS:A1997YG69000017 PM 9384547 ER PT J AU Nass, R Gutman, R AF Nass, R Gutman, R TI Boys with Asperger's disorder, exceptional verbal intelligence, tics, and clumsiness SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; ATTENTIONAL DEFICITS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPROVEMENT; MOTOR AB Five boys with both Asperger's disorder and Tourette syndrome, exceptional verbal intelligence, and clumsiness are reported. Each presented at early elementary school age with a prominent complaint of social difficulties with peers. History was notable for a flapping stereotypy and the neurological examination revealed motor and/or vocal ties and numerous motor soft signs. Highly specialized interests were characteristic. Language prosody and/or pragmatics was impaired. Despite exceptional verbal intelligence, the children were not, according to their teachers and parents, faring well either socially or academically. Motor difficulties, manifested psychometrically as a significant performance IQ disadvantage, interfered with school performance and social adjustment. Ties, although not noted by parents in the clinical history, compounded their social difficulties. Asperger's disorder in these highly verbal children overlaps with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) on account of the socioemotional difficulties and stereotypies seen in both. Asperger's disorder and Tourette syndrome overlap in these children on account of the ties. Finally, Asperger's disorder and the right-hemisphere-based learning disorders overlap on account of the visuoperceptual and attentional deficits that can occur in both. RP Nass, R (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,E 34 ST,RR311,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th BARABAS G, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P280 BERTHIER M, 1996, NEUROLOGY, V47, P417 BERTHIER ML, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021 BORNSTEIN RA, 1991, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V84, P212, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03131.x BROOKSHIRE BL, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P289, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402639 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 BURD L, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P598 COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 DENCKLA MB, 1995, ANN NEUROL, V38, P515 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 GILLBERG C, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P377, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00116.x Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P686, DOI 10.1007/BF01046112 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 GILLBERG IC, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P438 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x KANO Y, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P49 KANO Y, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P937, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)65955-4 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 KINSBOURNE M, 1991, PEDIAT NEUROLOGY BEH KNELL ER, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V54, P331 KURLAN R, 1992, ADV NEUROL, V58, P75 KURLAN R, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P1145 Landgren M, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P891 LEONARD HL, 1992, ADV NEUROL, V58, P83 MARRIAGE K, 1993, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V27, P666, DOI 10.3109/00048679309075829 MCKELVEY JR, 1995, J CHILD NEUROL, V10, P310 NASS R, 1993, ANN DYSLEXIA, V43, P68 OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PAULS DL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1044, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025 PAULS DL, 1992, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V15, P759 RASMUSSEN P, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P315 REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 RICKARBY G, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P342 Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D SCHUERHOLZ LJ, 1995, ANN NEUROL, V38, P515 SHAPIRO A, 1988, GILLES TTOURETTE SYN SINGER HS, 1995, ANN NEUROL, V38, P527 SSINGER HS, 1995, J CHILD NEUROLOGY S, V10, P58 STEINGARD R, 1992, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V15, P849 SVERD J, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01098804 SVERD J, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01046229 SVERD J, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P173, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390212 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P81 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 39 IS 10 BP 691 EP 695 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA YB906 UT WOS:A1997YB90600010 PM 9352732 ER PT J AU Mottron, L Mineau, S Decarie, JC Jambaque, I Labrecque, R Pepin, JP Aroichane, M AF Mottron, L Mineau, S Decarie, JC Jambaque, I Labrecque, R Pepin, JP Aroichane, M TI Visual agnosia with bilateral temporo-occipital brain lesions in a child with autistic disorder: a case study SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; ASPERGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; LOBE DAMAGE; INDIVIDUALS; DEFICITS; ADULTS; MIND AB A 2-year-old boy meeting the criteria for autistic disorder was diagnosed a years later with a visual agnosia characterised by a combination of certain aspects of associative and apperceptive agnosia. MRI then revealed a severe encephalomalacia of the right temporal lobe and bilateral temporo-occipital areas. This association is discussed in terms of a clinical and aetiological relation between autistic disorder and visual agnosia. C1 HOP ST JUSTINE,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1C5,CANADA. HOP ST VINCENT DE PAUL,F-75674 PARIS,FRANCE. HOP NOTRE DAME DE BON SECOURS,MONTREAL,PQ H2L 4K8,CANADA. RP Mottron, L (reprint author), HOP RIVIERE DES PRAIRIES,SERV RECH,7070 BOUL PERRAS,MONTREAL,PQ H1E 1A4,CANADA. CR ALEXANDER MP, 1983, LOCALIZATION NEUROPS, P393 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BERTHIER ML, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021 Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 BORMANNKISCHKEL C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1243, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01368.x BOUCHER J, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x DAMASIO AR, 1983, LOCALIZATION NEUROPS, P417 DAMASIO AR, 1995, HUMAN BRAIN ANATOMY DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEHAAN EHF, 1991, CORTEX, V27, P489 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 DEONNA T, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V5, P166 FARAH MJ, 1990, VISUAL AGNOSIA DISOR, P182 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GARREAU B, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P119 GEORGE MS, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 GILLBERG C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF01531665 GILLBERG IC, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P920 GONZALEZ RC, 1994, GACETA MED MEXICO, V130, P374 GOODMAN R, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P814 GORDON N, 1968, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V10, P377 GREER MK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF02211849 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P77 HETZLER BE, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531514 HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P252 Humphreys G. W., 1989, VISUAL COGNITION JAMBAQUE I, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P692, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00448.x JAMBAQUE I, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P698 JONES PB, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P570, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.4.570 KRACKE I, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P873 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MARTINS IP, 1993, APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHO, V5, P70 MCCONACHIE H, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P563 MCCONACHIE HR, 1976, CORTEX, V12, P76 MCKELVEY JR, 1995, J CHILD NEUROL, V10, P310 MINEAU S, 1997, NPUB INTERVENTION TH MOTTRON L, 1997, IN PRESS PSYCHOL FRA MOTTRON L, 1993, BRAIN COGNITION, V23, P279, DOI 10.1006/brcg.1993.1060 MOUNTZ JM, 1995, J NUCL MED, V36, P1156 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 OZBAYRAK KR, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P454 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 Schiavetto A, 1997, NEUROCASE, V3, P1 SCHIFTER T, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P155 SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V40, P450, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90077-3 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x TYMCHUK AJ, 1977, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P133 VLKMAR FR, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V35, P118 Wechsler D., 1981, ECHELLE INTELLIGENCE WHITE CP, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P558 WILLIAM, WILLIAMS INTELLIGENC YOUNG AW, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V9, P16, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90042-0 NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 39 IS 10 BP 699 EP 705 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA YB906 UT WOS:A1997YB90600012 PM 9352734 ER PT J AU Zelazo, PR AF Zelazo, PR TI Infant-toddler information processing treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorder and autism .2. SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE autism; behavioral treatment; infant/toddler; noncompliance; pervasive developmental disorder ID BEHAVIOR; WALKING; PLAY AB An information processing assessment of mental ability coupled with a conventional test of development can identify normal intelligence in children with pervasive developmental disorder and autism. A variety of measures indicate that a treatment program designed to foster compliant behavior, first with actions and then with words, can result in substantial ''catch-up'' in the majority of children with intact information processing ability. C1 MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. RP Zelazo, PR (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T5,CANADA. CR Abidin R, 1990, PARENTING STRESS IND American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bates E, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1849, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5294.1849 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BELSKY J, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P630, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.17.5.630 BERLYNE DE, 1958, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V49, P315 Carr E. G., 1985, THEORETICAL ISSUES B CARR EG, 1985, BEHAV MODIF, V9, P403, DOI 10.1177/01454455850094001 COMPRIS LK, 1986, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V15, P260 DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 FANTZ RL, 1958, PSYCHOL REC, V8, P43 FENSON L, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P232 Gesell A., 1925, MENTAL GROWTH PRESCH Griffiths R, 1970, ABILITIES YOUNG CHIL LALINEC C, 1995, THESIS MCGILL U MONT LALINEC C, 1995, 103 ANN M AM PSYCH A LAPLANTE DP, 1991, SOC RES CHILD DEV BI, P336 Lennenberg E.H., 1967, BIOL FDN LANGUAGE LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MASH EJ, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P86, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.51.1.86 MERRILL MA, 1972, STANFORD BINET INTEL ROGERS CL, 1997, THESIS MCGILL U MONT Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 Saffran JR, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1926, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5294.1926 SKINNER BF, 1938, BEHAVIOR ORGANISMS Speidel Gisela E., 1989, MANY FACES IMITATION WHITEHURST GJ, 1989, CHALLENGES TO DEVELOPMENTAL PARADIGMS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY, ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT, P113 WILKINSON LC, 1982, DEV DISABILITIES THE, P301 Zelazo P. R., 1980, J APPLIED DEV PSYCHO, V1, P95, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(80)90002-7 Zelazo P. R., 1991, NEWBORN ATTENTION BI, P120 Zelazo PR, 1997, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V10, P1 ZELAZO PR, 1995, INTELLIGENCE, V20, P41, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(95)90005-5 ZELAZO PR, 1984, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V7, P393, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80455-5 ZELAZO PR, 1984, LEARNING SPEAK MANUA ZELAZO PR, 1979, INFANTS RISK ASSESSM, P49 ZELAZO PR, 1983, J MOTOR BEHAV, V15, P99 ZELAZO PR, 1983, LEVELS TRANSITIONS C, P37 ZELAZO PR, 1989, CHALLENGES TO DEVELOPMENTAL PARADIGMS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY, ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT, P93 ZELAZO PR, 1990, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V13, P683 ZELAZO PR, 1996, INF BEHAV DEV SPECIA, V11, P65 ZELAZO PR, 1996, 104 ANN AM PSYCH ASS ZELAZO PR, 1972, SCIENCE, V176, P314, DOI 10.1126/science.176.4032.314 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA XY352 UT WOS:A1997XY35200003 ER PT J AU Lord, C Pickles, A McLennan, J Rutter, M Bregman, J Folstein, S Fombonne, E Leboyer, M Minshew, N AF Lord, C Pickles, A McLennan, J Rutter, M Bregman, J Folstein, S Fombonne, E Leboyer, M Minshew, N TI Diagnosing autism: Analyses of data from the autism diagnostic interview SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDER AB Results from ROC curves of items from two scales, the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), operationalizing DSM-IV criteria for autism are presented for 319 autistic and 113 other subjects fr om 8 international autism centers. Analyses indicate that multiple items were necessary to attain adequate sensitivity and specificity if samples with varying levels of language were considered separately. Although considering only current behavior was generally sufficient when a combination cutoff and additive model was employed, predictive power was highest when history was taken into account. A single set of criteria, as operationalized when individually structured questions in the ADI/ADI-R, was effective in differentiating autism from mental handicap and language impairment in subjects with a range of chronological ages and developmental levels. C1 MRC,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. CTR ALFRED BINET,INSERM,PARIS,FRANCE. INSERM,U155,UNITE RECH GENET EPIDERN,PARIS,FRANCE. RP Lord, C (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,MC 3077,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAKER RJ, 1978, GLIM SYSTEM FOMBONNE E, 1995, BILAN ADOLESCENCE, P262 FOMBONNE E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P563, DOI 10.1007/BF01046328 KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37, DOI 10.2307/2685259 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 LORD C, 1993, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V14, P234, DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(199323)14:3<234::AID-IMHJ2280140308>3.0.CO;2-F Raven J. C., 1956, GUIDE USING COLOURED Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STUTSMAN R, 1931, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P, P139 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL *WHO, 1987, ICD 10 1986 DRAFT CH NR 20 TC 216 Z9 217 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 501 EP 517 DI 10.1023/A:1025873925661 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100002 PM 9403369 ER PT J AU Hadwin, J BaronCohen, S Howlin, P Hill, K AF Hadwin, J BaronCohen, S Howlin, P Hill, K TI Does teaching theory of mind have an effect on the ability to develop conversation in children with autism? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL VERBS; ACQUISITION; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; STATES; BELIEF; KNOWLEDGE; DEFICITS AB The present research examined whether teaching children with autism to pass tasks that assess mental state understanding had any positive effects on communication. Two aspects of communication previously shown to be deficient in children with autism were considered. These are conversational ability, in particular the ability to expand on conversation, and the use of mental state terms in speech. Results showed that no discernible improvement was seen on either measure of communication following mental state teaching. Discussion centers on real versts superficial changes in understanding mental stares as a result of teaching. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON,ST GEORGES MED SCH,LONDON WC1E 7HU,ENGLAND. RP Hadwin, J (reprint author), UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY CT2 7BR,KENT,ENGLAND. RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 CR AARONS M, 1992, HDB AUTISM American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ASTINGTON JW, 1995, COGNITION EMOTION, V9, P151, DOI 10.1080/02699939508409006 Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 BERNARDOPTIZ V, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V47, P99 Bishop D. V. M., 1989, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 CHRISTIE JF, 1986, CHILDRENS PLAY RES D CURCIO F, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF01487261 EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 Fleiss J., 1981, STATISTICAL METHODS Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 Frith U, 1989, AUTISM GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GOPNIK A, 1994, ORIGINS THEORY MIND GRICE HP, 1957, PHILOS REV, V66, P377, DOI 10.2307/2182440 Hadwin J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P345 HAPPE F, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HOWLIN P, 1996, UNPUB U LONDON Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOLKO DJ, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL KOZLOFF MA, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL Leslie A. M., 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P84 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 Loveland K., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MESSER DJ, 1994, DEV COMMUNICATION MOORE C, 1989, J CHILD LANG, V16, P633 OLSON DR, 1987, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V10, P157 OMEROD J, 1988, MOONLIGHT Ortony A., 1988, COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x PRIZANT BM, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RUTTER M, 1990, AUTISTIC DIAGNOSTIC RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 Smiley P., 1989, CHILDRENS UNDERSTAND Sperber D, 1986, RELEVANCE STARR E, 1993, BRIT PSYCH SOC DEV P STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 Swettenham J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01387.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1123, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00353.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03604.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 WELLMAN HM, 1987, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V10, P141 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 NR 64 TC 65 Z9 65 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 519 EP 537 DI 10.1023/A:1025826009731 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100003 PM 9403370 ER PT J AU Kezuka, E AF Kezuka, E TI The role of touch in facilitated communication SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; SCIENCE; WORDS AB Imagine that one day a nonverbal autistic child suddenly starts to type messages, such as ''I am not retarded,'' using a computer keyboard while being touched by an assistant Facilitated communication (FC) appears to create this miracle around the world. To understand how this works, experiments were conducted involving a ''telepathy game'' using a rod with an attached strain gauge. A force from the assistant, which controlled what was spelled through physical support was measured. It was thus completely possible for any message to appear to be typed with FC regardless of the autistic child's actual knowledge or language ability. RP Kezuka, E (reprint author), GUNMA PREFECTURAL WOMENS UNIV,TAMAMURA,GUNMA 37011,JAPAN. CR Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 FARADAY M, 1853, TIMES 0630, P8 GREEN G, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P151 Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 JACOBSON JW, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P750, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.9.750 JORDON MJ, 1989, FDN COGNITIVE SCI KEZUKA E, 1993, ANN M JAP PSYCH ASS KEZUKA E, 1994, ANN M JAP PSYCH ASS KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 RICHTER H, 1957, Z Psychol Z Angew Psychol, V161, P161 Sebeok T.A., 1981, CLEVER HANS PHENOMEN Shane H. C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P48 Shane Howard C., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SMITH MD, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF02172233 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 571 EP 593 DI 10.1023/A:1025882127478 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100006 PM 9403373 ER PT J AU Miyahara, M Tsujii, M Hori, M Nakanishi, K Kageyama, H Sugiyama, T AF Miyahara, M Tsujii, M Hori, M Nakanishi, K Kageyama, H Sugiyama, T TI Brief report: Motor incoordination in children with Asperger syndrome and learning disabilities SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CLUMSINESS; AUTISM C1 GIFU UNIV EDUC,GIFU,JAPAN. NAGOYA UNIV,NAGOYA,AICHI,JAPAN. SHIZUOKA UNIV,OYA,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN. RP Miyahara, M (reprint author), UNIV OTAGO,SCH PHYS EDUC,MOVEMENT DEV CLIN,POB 56,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Asperger H., 1979, COMMUNICATION, V13, P45 ASPERGER H, 1961, HEILPADAGOGIK BRUININKS RH, 1994, DIAGNOSTIC STAT MANU GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GOODMAN LS, 1991, AM J DANCE THER, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF00843874 HENDERSON SE, 1982, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V24, P448 Henderson SE, 1992, MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT JONGMANS M, 1993, ARCH DIS CHILD, V69, P9 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 NAKANE A, 1995, RINSHO SEISHIN IGAKU, V24, P1043 SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P196, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.196 SHEA V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531787 Stott D. H., 1984, TEST MOTOR IMPAIRMEN SUGIYAMA T, 1992, SHONI NO SEISHIN TO, V32, P251 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P783, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.783 *WHO, 1993, ICD 10 DCR 10 CLASS WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1023/A:1025834211548 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100007 PM 9403374 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shinomiya, M Shimizu, Y Niwa, S AF Kawasaki, Y Yokota, K Shinomiya, M Shimizu, Y Niwa, S TI Brief report: Electroencephalographic paroxysmal activities in the frontal area emerged in middle childhood and during adolescence in a follow-up study of autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; SEIZURES; EPILEPSY; DYSFUNCTION; DISORDERS C1 TOKYO METROPOLITAN TAMA HABILITAT CLIN,TOKYO,JAPAN. TOKYO METROPOLITAN FUCHU GEN HOSP,TOKYO,JAPAN. TOKYO METROPOLITAN HOSP NEUROL,TOKYO,JAPAN. YOKOHAMA REHABIL CTR,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. FUKUSHIMA MED COLL,FUKUSHIMA,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BROWN JN, 1963, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 Chatrian G., 1974, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V37, P538 CREAK M, 1969, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V11, P218 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1310 GEIER S, 1977, NEUROLOGY, V27, P951 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 GUBBAY SS, 1970, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V12, P422 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 KAWASAKI Y, 1989, RES AID PAPER YASUDA, V24, P53 KAWASAKI Y, 1985, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V26, P201 KAWASAKI Y, 1988, RES AID PAPER YASUDA, V23, P47 KAWASAKI Y, 1987, JAPANESE J CLIN PSYC, V16, P225 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P407, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.407 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF02409661 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MINSHEW NJ, 1991, PEDIATRICS S, V88, P774 ORNITZ EM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P1018 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 QUESNEY LF, 1986, RECENT ADV EPILEPSY, P8 RAMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P20, DOI 10.1007/BF01537740 SCHAIN RJ, 1960, J PEDIATR-US, V57, P560, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(60)80084-4 SCHNEIDER SG, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF00916464 STORES G, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P998 TSAI LY, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01531504 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1219 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WAKABAYA.S, 1974, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V15, P215 WATERMAN K, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P577 WHITE PT, 1964, AM J PSYCHIAT, V120, P950 NR 38 TC 47 Z9 47 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 605 EP 620 DI 10.1023/A:1025886228387 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100008 PM 9403375 ER PT J AU Paczynski, M AF Paczynski, M TI Piracetam: A novel therapy for autism? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter RP Paczynski, M (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. CR CHOUINARD G, 1983, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V81, P100, DOI 10.1007/BF00429000 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 DEAN W, 1990, SMART DRUGS NUTR DUVERGLAS G, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P297 FILE SE, 1979, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V1, P227, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(79)90009-0 HERMAN BH, 1989, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V12, P81 KRYLOVA IN, 1988, FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, V51, P42 LOEB S, 1991, PHYSICIANS 1991 DRUG MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 STANDEVA SL, 1988, FARMAKOL TOKSIKOL, V51, P6 VAKULINA O P, 1990, Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, V109, P163 WILSHER CR, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P230 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 628 EP 630 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100011 PM 9403377 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E AF Fombonne, E TI Question: ''I have a child with autism and I want another child. What risk exists for this other child to have autism?'' SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 633 EP 634 DI 10.1023/A:1025894430204 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YJ081 UT WOS:A1997YJ08100013 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S Jolliffe, T Mortimore, C Robertson, M AF BaronCohen, S Jolliffe, T Mortimore, C Robertson, M TI Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE Asperger Syndrome; autism; Tourette Syndrome; social cognition ID LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; NORMAL-CHILDREN; POPULATION; DECEPTION; BELIEFS; DELAY AB Previous studies have found a subgroup of people with autism or Asperger Syndrome who pass second-order tests of theory of mind. However, such tests have a ceiling in developmental terms corresponding to a mental age of about 6 years. It is therefore impossible to say if such individuals are intact or impaired in their theory of mind skills. We report the performance of very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome on an adult test of theory of mind ability. The task involved inferring the mental state of a person just from the information in photographs of a person's eyes. Relative to age-matched normal controls and a clinical control group (adults with Tourette Syndrome), the group with autism and Asperger Syndrome were significantly impaired on this task. The autism and Asperger Syndrome sample was also impaired on Happe's strange stories tasks. In contrast, they were unimpaired on two control tasks: recognising gender from the eye region of the face, and recognising basic emotions from the whole face. This provides evidence for subtle mindreading deficits in very high functioning individuals on the autistic continuum. C1 UNIV LONDON,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1995, MOVEMENT ALLIED DISO BaronCohen S, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P48 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J COGNITIVE BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS ADV INFANT, V11 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, SELF ITS DYSFUNCTION BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P29 BaronCohen S, 1996, VIS COGN, V3, P39, DOI 10.1080/713756728 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen S, 1992, MIND LANG, V6, P173 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x CRAWFORD JR, 1992, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V31, P191 EKMAN P, 1992, COGNITION EMOTION, V6, P169, DOI 10.1080/02699939208411068 FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GOEL V, 1995, NEUROREPORT, V6, P1741, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199509000-00009 HALL J, 1977, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P845 Halpern D. F., 1992, SEX DIFFERENCES COGN HAPPE F, 1994, AUTISM HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 JOLLIFFE T, 1997, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE KIMURA D, 1992, SCI AM, V267, P119 NUMMENMAA T, 1964, JYVASKYLA STUDIES ED OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 ROBERTSON MM, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P597, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01209.x RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WITELSON SF, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P425 NR 46 TC 516 Z9 524 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 38 IS 7 BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YE692 UT WOS:A1997YE69200009 PM 9363580 ER PT J AU Zwaigenbaum, L Szatmari, P MacLean, JE Bryson, SE Tuff, L Mahoney, W Bartolucci, G AF Zwaigenbaum, L Szatmari, P MacLean, JE Bryson, SE Tuff, L Mahoney, W Bartolucci, G TI Asperger syndrome, high functioning autism, and discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal reasoning SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CTR STUDIES CHILDREN RISK,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4L8,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 5 BP 364 EP 364 DI 10.1097/00004703-199710000-00040 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA YA865 UT WOS:A1997YA86500028 ER PT J AU Orstavik, KH Stromme, P Ek, J Torvik, A Skjeldal, OH AF Orstavik, KH Stromme, P Ek, J Torvik, A Skjeldal, OH TI Macrocephaly, epilepsy, autism, dysmorphic features, and mental retardation in two sisters: a new autosomal recessive syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE macrocephaly; autistic; mental retardation; autosomal recessive ID DISEASE; DEATH AB We report two sisters with macrocephaly, epilepsy, and severe mental retardation. The first child was a 14 year aid girl born at term after a normal pregnancy, with birth weight 3600 g and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) 36 cm (75th centile). Her head size increased markedly during the first six months of life, and was later stable at 2-3 cm above the 97.5th centile. Her development was characterised by psychomotor delay, epilepsy, and autistic features. Her face appeared mildly dysmorphic with a large forehead, short philtrum, and bushy eyebrows. Her younger sister was also born at term with birth weight 2600 g and OFC 34 cm (25th centile). She also developed postnatal macrocephaly with OFC 1 cm above the 97.5th centile and the same mild dysmorphic facial features au her sister. Her development was also characterised by psychomotor delay, autistic features, and epilepsy. In addition, she suffered from coeliac disease. She died unexpectedly at the age of 5 years,:probably from an epileptic attack. Necropsy confirmed megalencephaly but no other pathological changes were found. The clinical features in these two sisters do not fit with any known syndrome and may represent a previously unrecognised autosomal recessive disorder. C1 UNIV OSLO,NATL HOSP,CTR CHILD NEUROL & HABILITAT,DEPT PAEDIAT,OSLO,NORWAY. BUSKERUD CENT HOSP,DEPT PAEDIAT,DRAMMEN,NORWAY. ULLEVAL HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,DIV NEUROPATHOL,OSLO,NORWAY. RP Orstavik, KH (reprint author), ULLEVAL HOSP,DEPT MED GENET,BOX 1036 BLINDERN,N-0315 OSLO,NORWAY. CR BUSHBY KMD, 1992, ARCH DIS CHILD, V67, P1286 BUTTIENS M, 1989, CLIN GENET, V36, P451 COLE TRP, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P20, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.1.20 COLE TRP, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V41, P115, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320410128 Coppoletta JM, 1933, AM J PATHOL, V9, P55 DICKEY W, 1994, LANCET, V344, P1585, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90400-6 FRYNS JP, 1988, CLIN GENET, V33, P293 FRYNS JP, 1994, CLIN GENET, V45, P228 LEESTMA JE, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P195, DOI 10.1002/ana.410260203 MEEUWISS.GW, 1970, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V59, P461 Nashef L, 1996, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V60, P297, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.60.3.297 WINTER RM, 1993, LONDON DYSMORPHOLOGY NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 10 BP 849 EP 851 DI 10.1136/jmg.34.10.849 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XZ443 UT WOS:A1997XZ44300012 PM 9350820 ER PT J AU Schubert, A AF Schubert, A TI ''I want to talk like everyone'': On the use of multiple means of communication SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; VALIDATION; AUTISM AB This qualitative case study is a description of a young man with autism who communicated using speech, sign language, facilitated communication, body language, and his mother's conversational supports. Participant observation, interviews, and review of records were used to explore his current and past communication practices. These practices illustrate his preference for speaking and the complexity of choosing among communication means on an ongoing basis. Although the young man and his mother differed in their thinking about communication, they revealed a common goal: for Michael to participate in ordinary life activities as a member with a voice. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. CR ACREDOLO L, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P450, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01480.x BECKER HS, 1969, ISSUES PARTICIPANT O, P245 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 Bogdan R. C., 1992, QUALITATIVE RES ED I Crossley R., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 FERGUSON DL, 1994, MENT RETARD, V32, P7 FULWILER RL, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF01537941 Glaser B., 1967, DISCOVERY GROUNDED T Goetz JP, 1984, ETHNOGRAPHY QUALITAT MCLEAN LP, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V39, P186 MISHLER EG, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P415 OGLETREE BT, 1993, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V8, P1 Olesen V., 1994, HDB QUALITATIVE RES, P158 Olney M, 1995, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V20, P57 PANNBACKER M, 1988, J COMMUN DISORD, V21, P363, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(88)90021-4 PRIZANT BM, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P282 Quill K. A., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 VAZQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369, DOI 10.1007/BF02172234 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1352/0047-6765(1997)035<0347:IWTTLE>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA YA881 UT WOS:A1997YA88100003 PM 9339063 ER PT J AU Courtial, JP Gourdon, L AF Courtial, JP Gourdon, L TI A scientometric approach to autism based on translation sociology SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID CO-WORD ANALYSIS AB We advance the following hypothesis with respect to the construction of scientific knowledge: a) a scientific article may be seen as bringing together differing knowledge networks within the same experimental context; b) the researcher attempts to prove the existence of objective links within this context. This process allows the researcher to link or associate his own subjective proposals to those that are verifiably objective relationships for all researchers, Researchers consolidate the relationships put forward by others accordingly. There is a statistic method which makes it possible to demonstrate these dynamics, i.e., co-word analysis, This method, applied to articles on autism, has provided results that support this hypothesis. The methods brought to bear by the majority of researchers follow these general dynamics. RP Courtial, JP (reprint author), UNIV NANTES,LAB PSYCHOL EDUC COGNIT DEV LABECD,BP 1025,F-44036 NANTES,FRANCE. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 BLACK SL, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P236, DOI 10.1007/BF02172101 Bloor D., 1976, KNOWLEDGE SOCIAL IMA BOLTANSKY L., 1991, JUSTIFICATION EC GRA BRUNER J. S., 1991, CAR CULTURE DONNE FO CALLON M, 1991, SCIENTOMETRICS, V22, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02019280 Callon M., 1993, SCIENTOMETRIE Callon M., 1986, MAPPING DYNAMICS SCI COURTIAL JP, 1996, UNPUB JOURN CTR SOCI COURTIAL JP, PAPER SOCIAL REPRESE, V4, P1 COURTIAL JP, 1984, J INFORM SCI, V9, P47, DOI 10.1177/016555158400900201 GIERE T, 1992, MINNESOTA STUDIES PH, V15 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kuhn T. S., 1970, STRUCTURE SCI REVOLU LATOUR B, 1979, LABORATORY LIFE SOCI Latour B., 1987, SCI ACTION LAW J, 1992, SCIENTOMETRICS, V23, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02029807 Law J., 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF, P234 Law J., 1986, POWER ACTION BELIEF LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y SMALL H, 1985, SCIENTOMETRICS, V8, P391 SMALL H, 1985, SCIENTOMETRICS, V7, P331 TUSTIN F, 1993, REV PSICOANALISIS NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD OCT PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 333 EP 355 DI 10.1007/BF02457442 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA YH078 UT WOS:A1997YH07800007 ER PT J AU Savage, N AF Savage, N TI NIH multisite network aims to aid understanding of autism SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material AB FOCUS on autism: The National Institutes of Health is sponsoring a $27 million network of researchers around the globe who are trying to solve the mysteries of autism, a condition whose cause is still unclear. CR Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 Minshew N J, 1997, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V3, P303 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 Warren RP, 1996, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V67, P97 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 18 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XW250 UT WOS:A1997XW25000010 ER PT J AU Sandman, CA Hetrick, W Taylor, DV ChiczDeMet, A AF Sandman, CA Hetrick, W Taylor, DV ChiczDeMet, A TI Dissociation of POMC peptides after self-injury predicts responses to centrally acting opiate blockers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; IMMUNOREACTIVE BETA-ENDORPHIN; MENTALLY-RETARDED CLIENTS; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; DIURNAL RHYTHM; DOUBLE-BLIND; HUMAN-PLASMA; BEHAVIOR AB Apparent insensitivity to pain, ritualistic patterns of behavior, and improvement in symptoms after administration of opiate receptor blockers implicated the endogenous opioid system in the initiation and maintenance of SIE. This study was designed to determine whether plasma levels of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, beta-endorphin-like activity (PE), ACTH, and adrenal cortisol immediately after an episode of SIE predicted subsequent response to an opiate blocker. Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with mental retardation within minutes of a self-injuring act and during an SIE-free control period. On another day, morning and afternoon samples were collected at least one week apart from the other samples. Effects on SIE of-naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX) were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. After an SIE episode, beta E, but not ACTH, was elevated compared with morning levels, p < .003. Patients with increased plasma levels of beta E after SIE had the most positive response to 2 mg/kg NTX, p < .03. Results suggest that changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after SIE may predict differences in individual patient response to opiate blockers. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. CR ARNSTEN AFT, 1983, NATURE, V304, P725, DOI 10.1038/304725a0 BANKS WA, 1992, PEPTIDES, V13, P1289, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(92)90037-4 BARNA I, 1992, BRAIN RES, V593, P69, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91265-G BARRON J, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P124 BARRON J, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P177 BELLUZZI JD, 1977, NATURE, V266, P556, DOI 10.1038/266556a0 BENJANNET S, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P356 BOUVARD MP, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P191, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02601-R CATALDO MF, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P21, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90004-0 COLD J, 1983, LANCET, V2, P545 DAVIDSON PW, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(83)80013-7 DEHEN H, 1977, LANCET, V2, P293 DEMET EM, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P694 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 DUNGER DB, 1980, LANCET, V1, P1277 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 FARBER JM, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P296, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00002 FORMAN LJ, 1990, NEUROBIOL AGING, V11, P223, DOI 10.1016/0197-4580(90)90549-F GALLAGHE.TF, 1973, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V36, P1058 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 GIUFFRE KA, 1988, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V122, P306 GREEN AH, 1967, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V17, P234 Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA GUILLEMIN R, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P1367, DOI 10.1126/science.197601 Hargreaves KM, 1990, AM J PHYSIOL, V258, P235 HENDRIE CA, 1989, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V32, P961, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90066-X HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 HETRICK WP, 1991, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V23, P66, DOI 10.3758/BF03203336 HOLSON RR, 1988, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V42, P125, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90286-7 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 KASTIN AJ, 1991, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V40, P771, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90084-F Kjoer Andreas, 1992, Neuroendocrinology, V56, P419 KNIGGE U, 1989, ACTA ENDOCRINOL-COP, V120, P533 KRIEGER DT, 1971, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V32, P266 LAATIKAINEN TJ, 1991, ANN MED, V23, P489, DOI 10.3109/07853899109150508 LAL H, 1975, LIFE SCI, V17, P483, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(75)90081-8 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LINNEMAN J, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P444 LOVAAS OI, 1969, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V2, P143, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-143 MACKAY D, 1974, J PSYCHOL RES MENTAL, V1, P25 MADDEN J, 1977, NATURE, V265, P358, DOI 10.1038/265358a0 MATSON JL, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P111, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90008-V MATSON JL, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P85, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90031-0 MUTTI A, 1989, LIFE SCI, V44, P1831, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90300-7 NABER D, 1981, LIFE SCI, V28, P931, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90056-4 NAKAO K, 1980, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V51, P1205 OLTRAS CM, 1987, LIFE SCI, V40, P1683, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90017-8 RECHER H, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V31, P75, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90314-0 REICHARDSON JS, 1983, BIOL PSYCHOL, V18, P99 REISINE T, 1986, PHARMACOL BASIS THER, P521 RINCOVER A, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P67, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90006-4 RINCOVER A, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P235, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-235 ROBARD D, 1978, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY REL, V1, P469 ROMANCZYK RG, 1975, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V43, P730 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 Sandman Curt A., 1993, Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, V1, P242, DOI 10.1037/1064-1297.1.1-4.242 Sandman C. A., 1995, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V1, P130, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010209 SANDMAN CA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P84 SANDMAN CA, 1990, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V1, P235 SANDMAN CA, 1992, J DEV PHYSICAL DISAB, V4, P4 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 SANDMAN CA, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P5, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(83)80014-9 SANDMAN CA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P93 SASAKI A, 1987, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V65, P176 SCHAEFER GJ, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V102, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02245931 SCHROEDER SR, 1988, NEUROLEPTIC MED PERS SCHULTE HM, 1990, ACTA ENDOCRINOL-COP, V1, P526 SHUTT DA, 1988, AUST J BIOL SCI, V41, P297 SIMEON D, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P221 TANAKA K, 1978, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V46, P883 THOMPSON T, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P85 VERHOEVEN WMA, IN PRESS PHARMACOTHE WEI E, 1976, SCIENCE, V193, P1242 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 WINCHEL RM, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P306 NR 78 TC 38 Z9 39 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 182 EP 199 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(1997)102<0182:DOPPAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XY982 UT WOS:A1997XY98200008 PM 9327093 ER PT J AU Comi, AM Frye, VH Peeden, JN Law, PA Zimmerman, AW AF Comi, AM Frye, VH Peeden, JN Law, PA Zimmerman, AW TI Familial clustering of autoimmune diseases in autism SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 42 IS 3 BP P91 EP P91 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XV476 UT WOS:A1997XV47600465 ER PT J AU Trevarthen, C AF Trevarthen, C TI Autism: An inside-out approach - Williams,D SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Trevarthen, C (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT PSYCHOL,7 GEORGE SQ,EDINBURGH EH8 9YL,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. CR Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0007-0998 J9 BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Educ. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 BP 400 EP 401 PN 3 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA XW794 UT WOS:A1997XW79400026 ER PT J AU Williams, D AF Williams, D TI Autism: An inside-out approach. Response SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0007-0998 J9 BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Educ. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 BP 402 EP 402 PN 3 PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA XW794 UT WOS:A1997XW79400027 ER PT J AU Harteveld, EM Buitelaar, JK AF Harteveld, EM Buitelaar, JK TI Autism - Role of drug treatment and a guide to its use SO CNS DRUGS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DOUBLE-BLIND; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; PLACEBO; FENFLURAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; NALTREXONE; ADULTS AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 10 to 20 children per 10 000. A comprehensive clinical assessment and medical examination an important features that enable an accurate diagnosis to be made. The treatment of autism should be multimodal, involving a combination of structured and special educational techniques, individual behavioural modification, hometraining, family counselling and placement in special schools or daycare centres. Drug treatment can play an important role in the treatment of maladaptive and distressing target symptoms, such as hyperactivity, aggression, excitement, negativism, and ritualised, stereotyped or self-injurious behaviours. C1 ACAD ZIEKENHUIS,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P246, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00013 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BLOOM AS, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P88, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198801000-00013 BREGMAN J, 1991, P 38 ANN M AM AC CHI, P52 Buitelaar J K, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P105 BUITELAAR JK, 1995, ADV NEUROBIOLOGY SCH, P429 CAMPBELL M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF01538168 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1989, TREATMENTS PSYCHIAT, V1, P201 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 CAMPBELL M, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P545 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 Cook E H Jr, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P268 ERNST M, 1992, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V28, P187 FANKHAUSER MP, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V53, P77 FISHER W, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P73, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198604000-00001 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 Gillberg C, 1996, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V5, P67 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 GILMAN JT, 1995, ANN PHARMACOTHER, V29, P47 GREIST JH, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P563 Hardan A, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1551, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00025 JASELSKIS CA, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P322 JOSHI PT, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P335 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KERBESHIAN J, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P401 KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 McDougle CJ, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P685, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00020 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 NARUSE H, 1982, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V48, P173 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V148, P220 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 RATEY JJ, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V50, P382 RATEY JJ, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P35 RATEY JJ, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF01487073 REALMUTO GM, 1986, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V6, P350 REALMUTO GM, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P122, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198904000-00009 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 RITVO ER, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00006 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Rutter M., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P569 RUTTER M, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02260.x Sanchez LE, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P537, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00021 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SCHUSTER CR, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P148 VANDERGAAG RJ, 1993, THESIS U UTRECHT UTR WillemsenSwinkels SHN, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P1023, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00297-9 WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P203, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02749-M WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 WILLIAMS TI, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P143, DOI 10.1007/BF02212726 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1172-7047 J9 CNS DRUGS JI CNS Drugs PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.2165/00023210-199708030-00005 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA XX025 UT WOS:A1997XX02500005 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E AF Fombonne, E TI Autism: recent research findings SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; MENTAL DISABILITY; BLOOD SEROTONIN; X-CHROMOSOME; CHILDREN AB The results of numerous ongoing research programs on the genetic basis of autism are not yet available. Several investigations, however, have found that a substantial minority of autistic individuals have macrocephaly, the meaning of which is still ill-understood. Several studies have also reported the beneficial effects of serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors on behavioural symptoms. C1 MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. CR ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x Beck AR, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P497, DOI 10.1007/BF02172272 Bettison S, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02172480 Bolton PF, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P272, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00018 BRAIN JA, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P865 Buitelaar JK, 1996, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V6, P13, DOI 10.1016/0924-977X(95)00049-U CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x CharlopChristy MH, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P527, DOI 10.1007/BF02172274 Cornish KM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P597, DOI 10.1007/BF02172349 DAHLGREN S, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P759 Davidovitch M, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P389 EKMAN G, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P511, DOI 10.1007/BF02212855 ELSENMAJER R, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V36, P1523 Fisman S, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1532, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00023 Fon EA, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P554, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600614 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 Ghaziuddin M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P585, DOI 10.1007/BF02172348 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1995, J INTELLECT DISABIL, V39, P6 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Haas RH, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P84 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 Happe F, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P1377, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.4.1377 HAPPE FGE, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P873 Hellings JA, 1996, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V57, P333 Holden JJA, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P399, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<399::AID-AJMG33>3.0.CO;2-8 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 Lord C, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00024 Luscre DM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P547, DOI 10.1007/BF02172275 McArthur D, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF02172271 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 Mesibov GB, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF02172478 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P297 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P314 OBrien SK, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P321, DOI 10.1007/BF02172477 Ozonoff S, 1996, BRAIN LANG, V52, P411, DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 Petit E, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V40, P457, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)85270-X Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 Raymond GV, 1996, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V91, P117 Roeyers H, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02172476 RUSSELL J, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P673 Sanchez LE, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P537, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00021 Shields J, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P487 Siegel DJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02172825 SPONHEIM E, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P512 Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 Szatmari P, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P354, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<354::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-M Ticher A, 1996, HUM BIOL, V68, P585 Verbaten MN, 1996, PSYCHIAT RES, V63, P33, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)89319-X WATERHOUSE L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P3457 WillemsenSwinkels SHN, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P1023, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00297-9 Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7367 J9 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR JI Curr. Opin. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1097/00001504-199709000-00008 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XX911 UT WOS:A1997XX91100008 ER PT J AU Aitken, KJ Trevarthen, C AF Aitken, KJ Trevarthen, C TI Self/other organization in human psychological development SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEPRESSED MOTHERS PERCEPTIONS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; TO-FACE INTERACTION; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; FRONTAL-LOBE; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; POSTNATAL DEPRESSION; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT AB Evidence from the evolution of human cultural behavior and learning, embryology and genetics of the brain, and the behavior of human infants indicates that the critical and uniquely human motives for cooperative imagination and joint interest in objects and tasks are determined by expression of genes and epigenetic neural systems elaboration long before birth, along with essential peripheral organs of perception and motor expression that will serve in communication by rhythmic facial, vocal, gestural, and body movement signals. These cerebral motives continue to exercise their influence on neural development and behavior throughout life, transforming the behaviors of the developing individual through a succession of phases to which other individuals and cultural institutions are constrained to adapt. We discuss the theory of innate intersubjectivity and relate it to the hypothesis of an Innate Motive Formation that emerges in brain development as regulator of morphogenesis in neural systems, and that continues to function, postnatally, as generator of motives and emotions by which human contacts and relationships are regulated. We suggest that differentiates of the primary motive formation in the embryo brain later serve to generate intelligent exploration of the objective environment, and the emergence of an additional dialogic mechanism that represents the self-subject as a partner for an other-subject, intersubjectively. Intersubjective communication in infancy leads, through systematic age-related transformations of the brain and behavior, to preverbal mimetic negotiation of cooperative awareness and joint task performance. Finally we discuss, in relation to this theory, interpretations of faulty communication and development at different stages of the life cycle that result from maternal postnatal depression, autism, premature birth, and schizophrenia. C1 Hosp Sick Children, Dept Clin Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Norwegian Acad Sci & Letters, Ctr Adv Study, Oslo, Norway. RP Aitken, KJ (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Clin Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. CR AITKEN K, 1991, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V33, P930 AITKEN KJ, 1991, THESIS U EDINBURGH AKBARIAN S, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P178 AKBARIAN S, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P169 Als H, 1995, FETAL DEV PSYCHOBIOL, P439 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BARTH PG, 1992, CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU, V5, P339 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF02211876 Bateson Gregory, 1979, MIND NATURE NECESSAR Bateson M. C, 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING HUM, P63 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM BAYER SA, 1993, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V14, P83 BEEBE B, 1985, SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN BENDELL D, 1994, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V24, P183, DOI 10.1007/BF02353195 BERTHIER ML, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P236 Berthier M L, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P197 Bolton D, 1996, MIND MEANING MENTAL Bowlby J., 1958, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V39, P1 BRATEN S, 1987, NATURE COGNITION SYS BRATEN S, 1997, INTERSUBJECTIVE COMM BRODTKORB E, 1992, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V86, P24 Brook Peter, 1968, THE EMPTY SPACE Bruner J, 1996, CULTURE ED BUEHLER DM, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V96, P923 Cabeza R, 1997, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V9, P1, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.1 CAHILL C, 1996, METHOD MADNESS CASE CHANGEUX JP, 1985, NEURONAL MAN BIOL MI CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 CIELESKI KT, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P643 Corter C, 1978, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V1, P373, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(78)80048-4 Courchesne E, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 COURCHESNE E, 1995, INT PEDIAT, V10, P141 CROWE SF, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P9, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90082-Y Cziko G, 1995, MIRACLES UNIVERSAL S Damasio A., 1994, DECARTES ERROR EMOTI DAWSON G, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01657.x DAWSON G, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P67, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400005563 Dawson G., 1994, HUMAN BEHAV DEV BRAI Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 de Beer GR, 1954, EMBRYOS ANCESTORS DONALD M., 1991, ORIGINS MODERN MIND Dupont S, 1997, NEUROLOGY, V48, P1013 DYKENS EM, 1994, DEV CLIN PSYCHOL PSY, V28 Edelman G.M., 1987, NEURAL DARWINISM FIELD T, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P1569, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03684.x FIELD T, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P499 Field T, 1996, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V27, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02353445 FIELD TM, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P763, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01232.x Fogel A., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN Frith C., 1992, COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCH Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 FRODI AM, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V85, P341 FRODI AM, 1978, DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P490, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.14.5.490 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P428 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P521 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P634 Gibson K.R., 1991, BRAIN MATURATION COG GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AURISTIC SYNDRO Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813 Golstein P, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1081, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5303.1081 GRAY J, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P203 GRAY JA, 1991, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V14, P1 GUTHKELC.AN, 1971, BRIT MED J, V2, P430 HACKER PMS, 1982, INSIGHT ILLUSION WIT HAGERMAN RJ, 1992, 1992 INT FRAGILE X C HAIER RJ, 1992, BRAIN RES, V570, P134, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90573-R Hammen C. L., 1991, DEPRESSION RUNS FAMI HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HARDYMENT C, 1984, DREAM BABIES HIST CH HARLOW HF, 1965, DETERMINANTS INFANT, V2 Harrison L, 1996, Neonatal Netw, V15, P35 Harrison PJ, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80018-9 HEIMANN M, 1989, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V12, P495, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(89)90029-5 HEIMANN M, 1989, SCAND J PSYCHOL, V30, P90, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1989.tb01072.x Hermann B, 1995, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V17, P809, DOI 10.1080/01688639508402430 Higley J.D., 1986, P152 Hobson P, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOCHMANN J, 1991, ESPRIT ES TU PYCHOAN Hofer M. A., 1990, PLEASURE PLEASURE PR, P55 HOUK JC, 1995, CEREB CORTEX, V5, P95, DOI 10.1093/cercor/5.2.95 Hubley P., 1979, SOCIAL INTERACTION I, V4, P57 HUNTER RS, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P629 Huppi PS, 1996, PEDIATR RES, V39, P895 INGVAR DH, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V682, P240, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22972.x JEANNEROD M, 1994, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V17, P187 JOHNSTON MC, 1995, CRIT REV ORAL BIOL M, V6, P368 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASLOW NJ, 1994, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V14, P39, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(94)90047-7 Kauffman S., 1993, ORIGINS ORDER SELF O Kauffman S., 1995, HOME UNIVERSE SEARCH KAUFMAN BN, 1981, MIRACLE BELIEVE Klaus M., 1982, PARENT INFANT BONDIN Klein M, 1963, OUR ADULT WORLD ITS KRAEMER GW, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P493, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00069752 KUGIUMUTZAKIS G, 1987, INTERSUBJECTIVE COMM KUGIUMUTZAKIS G, 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR KUGIUMUTZAKIS G, 1985, ACTA U UPPSALIENSIS, P35 Lecanuet J.-P., 1995, FETAL DEV PSYCHOBIOL LEE N, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V35, P290, DOI 10.1002/ana.410350308 LEVIN FM, 1991, MAPPING MIND INTERSE Levy J., 1990, BRAIN CIRCUITS FUNCT, P231 LIDDLE PF, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P340, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.340 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LYNCH MP, 1995, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V28, P3, DOI 10.1002/dev.420280103 Mahler M., 1975, PSYCHOL BIRTH HUMAN Maratos O, 1982, REGRESSIONS MENTAL D, P81 MARTIN JB, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P757, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340603 MCKAY AP, 1996, METHOD MADNESS CASE MELTZOFF AN, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P75, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4312.75 MELTZOFF AN, 1985, SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN MILLER MD, 1986, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V11, P561, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/11.4.561 Standley J M, 1995, Pediatr Nurs, V21, P509 MORECRAFT RJ, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P279 Morris R. D., 1996, ATTENTION MEMORY EXE, P11 Murray L, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P109 MURRAY L, 1985, SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN Murray L, 1996, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V8, P55, DOI 10.3109/09540269609037817 MURRAY L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P543, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00890.x MURRAY L, 1986, J CHILD LANG, V13, P15 MURRAY L, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1083, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01775.x Nadeau JH, 1997, NAT GENET, V15, P6, DOI 10.1038/ng0197-6 Nadel J., 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR NAORA H, 1994, GENOMICS, V23, P515, DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1537 O'Rahilly R, 1994, EMBRYONIC HUMAN BRAI OBRIEN G, 1995, BEHAV PHENOTYPES CLI, V138 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 Papousek H., 1987, HDB INFANT DEV PAPOUSEK H, 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN Paulesu E, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P143, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.1.143 Peace KA, 1997, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V19, P1, DOI 10.1080/01688639708403831 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x Piaget J., 1953, ORIGINS INTELLIGENCE Piontelli A., 1992, FROM FETUS TO CHILD POPPEL E, 1994, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V37, P185 Popper Karl, 1977, SELF ITS BRAIN Porges SW, 1997, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V807, P62, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51913.x RAICHLE ME, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P8, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 RAKIC P, 1991, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P11 REISS AL, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P35, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 ROBARTS JZ, 1997, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 ROSS CA, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90175-L ROSS ED, 1993, NEUROL CLIN, V11, P9 ROWLAND LP, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P207, DOI 10.1002/ana.410320213 RUTTER M, 1991, BIOL RISK FACTORS PS RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Schaller J., 1985, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V6, P31, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198521)6:1<31::AID-IMHJ2280060106>3.0.CO;2-M SCHANBERG SM, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P1431, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03856.x Schore A, 1994, AFFECT REGULATION Schwartz J. M., 1997, SCI MED, V4, P14 Shields J, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P487 SILBERSWEIG DA, 1995, NATURE, V378, P176, DOI 10.1038/378176a0 Sluckin W., 1983, MATERNAL BONDING Sluga Hans, 1996, CAMBRIDGE COMPANION Sperry R, 1983, SCI MORAL PRIORITY Sroufe L. Alan, 1996, EMOTIONAL DEV ORG EM Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD Stern Daniel N., 1993, PERCEIVED SELF ECOLO STERN DN, 1985, SOCIAL PERCEPTION IN TERVARTHEN C, IN PRESS ADV PERINAT THATCHER RW, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P565, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004697 Trevarthen C., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P321 Trevarthen C., 1990, BRAIN CIRCUITS FUNCT, P334 Trevarthen C., 1984, HUMAN MOTOR ACTIONS, P223 TREVARTHEN C, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P597, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004703 TREVARTHEN C, 1997, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG Trevarthen C., 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR Trevarthen C., 1978, ACTION GESTURE SYMBO, P183 TREVARTHEN C, IN PRESS PSYCHOL J H TREVARTHEN C, 1980, BRAIN PSYCHOL, P33 TREVARTHEN C, 1997, IMITATION INFANCY TREVARTHEN C, 1988, ACQUIRING CULTURE CR Trevarthen C., 1985, HUMAN GROWTH, P301 Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG Trevarthen C., 1982, SOCIAL COGNITION STU, P77 TREVARTHEN C, 1981, SCI FDN CLIN PAEDIAT TREVARTHEN C, 1992, DIALOGICAL ALTERNATI Trevarthen C., 1986, MOTOR DEV CHILDREN A, P209 Trevarthen C., 1993, PERCEIVED SELF ECOLO, P121 Trevarthen C., 1984, APPROACHES EMOTION, P129 Trevarthen C, 1996, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V20, P571, DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00070-4 Trevarthen Colwyn, 1980, DEV PSYCHOL SOC, P46 TRONICK E, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62273-1 TUCKER DM, 1984, PSYCHOL REV, V91, P185, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.91.2.185 TUCKER DM, 1992, MINN SYM CHILD PSYCH, V24, P75 TURK J, 1993, 4 SSBP ANN M DEC 199 TURK J, 1996, CHILD PSYCHOL PSYCHI, V1, P4, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.1996.tb00002.x VANDERIJTPLOOIJ HHC, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P229 VANDERIJTPLOOIJ HHC, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P306 VANTETZCHNER S, 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA Vygotsky L. S., 1978, MIND SOC Waddington C. H., 1975, EVOLUTION EVOLUTIONI WALKER EF, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P1654 WEINBERGER DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P660 Wertsch J. V., 1985, CULTURE COMMUNICATIO Winnicott D. W., 1990, MATURATIONAL PROCESS WINNICOTT DW, 1960, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V41, P585 WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, ACTA PAEDIAT SCAND S, V369 Wittgenstein Ludwig, 1953, PHILOS INVESTIGATION Zelazo PD, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P479, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01429.x NR 205 TC 47 Z9 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 653 EP 677 PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ119 UT WOS:000071350400003 PM 9449000 ER PT J AU Fischer, KW Ayoub, C Singh, I Noam, G Maraganore, A Raya, P AF Fischer, KW Ayoub, C Singh, I Noam, G Maraganore, A Raya, P TI Psychopathology as adaptive development along distinctive pathways SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF; PERSPECTIVE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER; EMOTIONS; SEQUENCE AB Contrary to the standard assumption that psychopathology stems from developmental immaturity (retardation, fixation, regression), people diagnosed with psychopathology typically develop along distinctive pathways in which they build complex, advanced skills. These pathways are based on adaptation to trauma, such as maltreatment, or to problems in affective-cognitive regulation, such as those in autism. They do not fit normative developmental frameworks. Research has characterized several types of distinctive pathways, especially those arising from maltreatment; they are marked by normal developmental complexity but distinctive affective-cognitive organization. In one study sexually abused depressed adolescent girls admitted for treatment in a mental hospital described themselves-in-relationships with age-appropriate, complex developmental levels equal to those of both nonabused depressed girls and other adolescents. At the same time, they showed a powerful negativity bias contrasting with the positivity biases of other girls. Many of them produced dramatic switches in affective-cognitive organization across assessments contrasting with the similar organization showed by other girls. In another study toddlers from maltreating families showed a consistent negativity bias in play and representations of interactions. We show how to portray these distinctive developmental pathways through the example of Hidden Family Violence, in which people dissociate their private violent world from their public, good-citizen world. C1 Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fischer, KW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Roy E Larsen Hall,Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CR Ainsworth M. S., 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT ATLER MV, 1991, KEMP NAT CTR PREV TR AYOUB C, 1993, M SOC RES CHILD DEV Barrett K. C., 1987, HDB INFANT DEV, P555 BENES FM, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P227 BLANCK R, 1974, EGO PSYCHOL THEORY P BLISS EL, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1388 BONVILLIAN JP, 1978, UNDERSTANDING LANGUA Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 Breggin P., 1991, TOXIC PSYCHIAT Breuer Joseph, 1955, STANDARD EDITION COM, V2 BUCHSBAUM HK, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P603, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004892 CALVERLEY R, 1995, THESIS HARVARD U CAM CALVERLEY RM, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P195 *CAN BROADC CORP, 1990, SAF PLAC CHENG CL, 1996, UNPUB DEV SELF RELAT CICCHETTI D, 1991, DEV REV, V11, P271, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(91)90014-F Cicchetti D., 1987, NEW DIRECTIONS CHILD, V36, P5 COLE PM, 1992, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V60, P174, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.60.2.174 Crittenden PM, 1988, CLIN IMPLICATIONS AT, P136 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO Erdelyi M. H., 1985, PSYCHOANALYSIS FREUD FAMULARO R, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P27, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90093-0 Fischer Kurt W., 1994, P3 FISCHER KW, 1993, J PIAGET SY, P93 Fischer K., 1990, HIGHER STAGES HUMAN, P162 Fischer K. F., 1994, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V5, P149 Fischer K. W., 1984, UNCONSCIOUS RECONSID, P88 Fischer K. W., 1984, CURRENT TOPICS EARLY, V5, P27 Fischer KW, 1997, J PIAGET SY, P117 FISCHER KW, 1990, COGNITION EMOTION, V4, P81, DOI 10.1080/02699939008407142 FISCHER KW, 1996, DEV VULNERABILITY CL, P173 FISCHER KW, 1980, PSYCHOL REV, V87, P477, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.87.6.477 FISCHER KW, 1997, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V1 Foulkes D., 1982, CHILDRENS DREAMS LON Freud A, 1966, EGO MECH DEFENSE Freud S., 1961, STANDARD EDITION, V19, P3 FREUD S, 1961, STANDARD EDITION PSY, V15 FREUD S, 1963, STANDARD EDITION PSY, V16 Freud S, 1965, NEW INTRODUCTORY LEC Gilligan C., 1996, DEV VULNERABILITY CL, P237 Gottlieb G., 1992, INDIVIDUAL DEV EVOLU GREENWALD AG, 1980, AM PSYCHOL, V35, P603, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.35.7.603 HARTER S, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P251, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.2.251 HARTER S, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P388, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.23.3.388 Hartmann H., 1939, EGO PSYCHOL PROBLEM HENCKE R, 1996, THESIS HARVARD U CAM Herman J. L., 1992, TRAUMA RECOVERY HIGGINS ET, 1994, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V66, P276, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.276 Hilgard E. R., 1977, DIVIDED CONSCIOUSNES Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KENNEDY B, 1994, THESIS HARVARD U CAM KERNBERG O, 1976, OBJECT RELATIONS THE King PM, 1994, DEV REFLECTIVE JUDGE KITCHENER KS, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P893 Kohlberg L., 1969, HDB SOCIALIZATION TH, P347 Kohut H., 1971, ANAL SELF LAMBORN SD, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P495, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.4.495 Lazarus RS, 1991, EMOTION ADAPTATION LERNER RM, 1991, DEV PSYCHOL, V27, P27, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.27 LOEVINGER J, 1976, EGO DEV CONCEPTS THE Mahler M., 1975, PSYCHOL BIRTH HUMAN MCCANN L, 1992, OUT DARKNESS, P185 MCGUIRE WJ, 1982, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES MINSHEW NJ, 1996, DEV NEUROIMAGING MAP, P107 MISCHEL W, 1958, AM ANTHROPOL, V60, P249, DOI 10.1525/aa.1958.60.2.02a00040 MONTEMAYOR R, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P314, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.13.4.314 MUNDY P, 1994, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V5, P1 MURRAY RM, 1987, BRIT MED J, V295, P681 NOAM GG, 1990, LIFE-SPAN DEV BEHAV, V10, P59 Noam G.G., 1990, MORAL DOMAIN, P360 NOAM GG, 1986, MCLEAN HOSP J, V11 NOAM GG, 1996, DEV VULNERABILITY CL NOAM GG, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P519, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006088 Osgood Charles E., 1957, MEASUREMENT MEANING Piaget J., 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V1, P103 PUTNAM FW, 1994, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V5, P251 RAYA P, 1996, THESIS HARVARD U CAM ROGERS AG, 1995, SHINING AFFLICTION S Rutter M., 1990, STRAIGHT DEVIOUS PAT SHAVER P, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V52, P1061, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061 SHOWERS C, 1992, J PERSONALITY SOCIAL Star S. L., 1989, REGIONS MIND BRAIN R Tesser A., 1996, SOCIAL PSYCHOL HDB B, P400 Vaillant GE, 1986, EMPIRICAL STUDIES EG van der Kolk B, 1987, PSYCHOL TRAUMA WATSON MW, 1991, MERRILL PALMER Q, V36, P487 WATSON MW, 1980, DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P484 WEINBERGER DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P660 WESTEN D, 1992, SELF REPRESENTATION WESTEN D, 1989, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V59, P331 WESTEN D, 1994, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V5, P223 Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE EXTRA NR 93 TC 32 Z9 32 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 749 EP 779 PG 31 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA YQ119 UT WOS:000071350400007 PM 9449004 ER PT J AU Curatolo, P De Luca, D Brinchi, V AF Curatolo, P De Luca, D Brinchi, V TI Variability of the neurological phenotype in tuberous sclerosis complex SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE tuberous sclerosis complex; epilepsy; mental retardation; autism ID GROWTH SUPPRESSOR; CHROMOSOME 9Q34; GENE; HETEROZYGOSITY; ASTROCYTOMA; CHILDREN; TSC1; ASSOCIATION; VIGABATRIN; HAMARTOMAS AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by hamartomatous lesions involving the skin, brain, kidneys, eyes and heart. Because of the wide variability of clinical expression and severity of TSC and the absence of a reliable molecular marker of the disease, diagnosis can be difficult in patients with only subtle manifestations. Genetic linkage studies indicate that about half of cases are due to TSC1, the gene on chromosome 9q34, and half are due to TSC2, the gene on chromosome 16p13. The TSC2 product, tuberin, significantly increases during prenatal and postnatal development, which may imply a role of tuberin in the late phase of brain maturation. The likely role of tuberin as a guanosin-triphosphatase-activating protein is consistent with its proposed function as a growth-regulating gene. Recent findings suggest a growth suppressor-like activity also for the TSC1 gene and its protein product, hamartin. Clinical phenotypes associated with TSC1 vs. TSC2 disease appear very similar. Pathologically, TSC is a disorder of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Brain lesions are thought to represent clonal proliferation of mutant cells. Cell Lineage and cell migration disorders in the developing cortex of TSC patients might produce very different neurological phenotypes. Cortical tubers constitute the hallmark of the disease and are pathognomonic of cerebral TSC. The cortical tuber count by MRI is a good predictive measure of the level of cerebral severity. However, it has been suggested that bath the number and the localization of cortical tubers play an important part in the mental and behavioral outcome and in the prognosis of seizures. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Sect Pediat Neurol, I-00100 Rome, Italy. CR Aicardi J, 1996, EPILEPSIA, V37, P638, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00627.x Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 BRUNI O, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P52, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(94)00118-H Carbonara C, 1996, GENE CHROMOSOME CANC, V15, P18, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199601)15:1<18::AID-GCC3>3.0.CO;2-7 CARBONARA C, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P1829, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.10.1829 CHIRON C, 1991, J CHILD NEUROL, V6, P252 CURATOLO P, 1988, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V18, P149 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x CURATOLO P, 1994, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V25, P55, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071586 CURATOLO P, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P550 NELLIST M, 1993, CELL, V75, P1305 FRYER AE, 1987, LANCET, V1, P659 GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 GOMEZ MR, 1994, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P1 GOMEZ MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, P21 Goodman M, 1997, J CHILD NEUROL, V12, P85 GREEN AJ, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P193, DOI 10.1038/ng0294-193 GREEN AJ, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P1833, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.10.1833 Henske EP, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P400 HIROSE T, 1995, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V90, P387 HUNT A, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P108 HUTTENLOCHER PR, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P140, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37756.x KANDT RS, 1992, NAT GENET, V2, P37, DOI 10.1038/ng0992-37 Mizuguchi M, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V40, P941, DOI 10.1002/ana.410400621 NORTHRUP H, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V51, P709 OSBORNE JP, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37754.x POVEY S, 1994, ANN HUM GENET, V58, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1994.tb01881.x Rintahaka PJ, 1997, J CHILD NEUROL, V12, P42 ROACH ES, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P221 Roach ES, 1997, J CHILD NEUROL, V12, P75 SERI S, IN PRESS J CHILD NEU SHEPHERD CW, 1995, AM J NEURORADIOL, V16, P149 TAKANASHI J, 1995, AM J NEURORADIOL, V16, P1923 vanSlegtenhorst M, 1997, SCIENCE, V277, P805 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 5 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 195TF UT WOS:000080266900007 ER PT J AU Ferrie, CD Madigan, C Tilling, K Maisey, MN Marsden, PK Robinson, RO AF Ferrie, CD Madigan, C Tilling, K Maisey, MN Marsden, PK Robinson, RO TI Adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in children with epileptic encephalopathies: correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWN-SYNDROME; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; AUTISM; HYPERACTIVITY; ADOLESCENTS; DEPENDENCY; ABILITIES AB In the childhood epileptic encephalopathies mental impairment is common and severe, Traditional cognitive assessment is difficult because of the low level of performance, autistic features, and the unpredictable effect of seizures. An alternative is to measure adaptive and maladaptive behaviour using instruments administered to the caregivers, Adults with different types of dementia have characteristic patterns of cortical glucose hypometabolism. Thirty-two children were studied using visual and semiquantitative analysis of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) scans, The Vineland Scales and the Conners' Questionnaires were used to assess adaptive and maladaptive behaviour, The mean adaptive behaviour composite score was 37.3+/-15.6; all but one subject had a low adaptive level, A profile of relative strength in socialisation and weakness in daily living skills emerged, Up to two-thirds of children had abnormal behaviour patterns, particularly attention-deficit disorders and hyperactivity, Adaptive and maladaptive behaviour was not related to the presence or absence of focal cortical PET abnormalities, However, adaptive behaviour scores showed an inverse correlation with the degree of metabolic abnormality in the frontal lobes. C1 GUYS HOSP,NEWCOMEN CTR,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. UMDS,CLIN PET CTR,LONDON,ENGLAND. UMDS,DEPT PUBL HLTH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Ferrie, CD (reprint author), GEN INFIRM,CLARENDON WING,BELMONT GROVE,LEEDS LS2 9NS,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR Aicardi J, 1994, EPILEPSY CHILDREN AICARDI J, 1992, CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU, V5, P344 AMAN MG, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P124, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199202000-00010 BAUMGARDNER TL, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P744 Beaumanoir Anne, 1992, P115 BOYLE MH, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01634.x CAMARGO EE, 1992, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V12, P281 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 Conners C. K., 1969, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P152 CONNERS CK, 1970, CHILD DEV, V41, P667, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1970.tb01022.x Conners C.K., 1990, CONNERS RATING SCALE CONNERS K, 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, P25 CULL CA, 1988, EPILEPSY BEHAV COGNI, P97 DONAT JF, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P7 DOOSE H, 1992, EPILEPSY RES S, V6, P193 Dravet Charlotte, 1992, P75 DUARA R, 1992, CLIN BRAIN IMAGING P, P294 Dulac O, 1993, EPILIPSIA, V34, P7 Dunn L. M., 1997, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL, V2nd DYKENS EM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1131, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00023 DYKENS EM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P580 FARWELL JR, 1985, EPILEPSIA, V26, P395 FEE VE, 1993, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V21, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00910485 FERRIE CD, 1996, ARCH DIS CHILD, V75, P1 FERRIE CD, 1997, IN PRESS J NEUROLOGY, V63 FERRIE CD, 1997, IN PRESS J NUCL MED GRADY CL, 1991, J CEREB BLOOD FLO S1, V11, P57 GRADY CL, 1989, J NUCL MED, V30, P1386 Griffiths R, 1970, ABILITIES YOUNG CHIL HOARE P, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P20 International League Against Epilepsy, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P389 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KOBE FH, 1994, RES DEV DISABIL, V15, P413, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)90026-4 Levine M. N., 1982, LEITER INT PERFORMAN VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LOVELAND KA, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P13 NIEDERMEYER E, 1988, LENNOXGASTAUT SYNDRO, P177 OLSON AL, 1993, CLIN PEDIATR, V32, P334, DOI 10.1177/000992289303200603 OUNSTED C, 1955, LANCET, P304 PAUL R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P858 RENIER WO, 1988, LENNOX GASTAUT SYNDR, P427 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 SAIGAL S, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P751, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80043-5 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STORES G, 1981, EPILEPSY PSYCHIAT, P33 STORES G, 1978, PSYCHOL MED, V8, P441 STORES G, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P502 STORES G, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P376 STROTHER SC, 1987, J CEREB BLOOD FLO S1, V7, P443 THEODORE WH, 1992, CLIN BRAIN IMAGING P, P136 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P627, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020 Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd WILLIAMS DL, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P290 WOLTERS PL, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P47, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/19.1.47 ZAMETKIN AJ, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V323, P1361, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199011153232001 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 39 IS 9 BP 588 EP 595 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XZ983 UT WOS:A1997XZ98300005 PM 9344051 ER PT J AU Williams, PG Hersh, JH AF Williams, PG Hersh, JH TI A male with fetal valproate syndrome and autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) is characterized by minor craniofacial anomalies, major organ malformations, and developmental delay, We report on a patient who has a clinical phenotype compatible with both FVS and autism, The presence of an autistic disorder in a previously reported case of FVS and similar findings in our patient suggest that a relation between this known teratogen and autism may exist. RP Williams, PG (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,CHILD EVALUAT CTR,571 S FLOYD ST,SUITE 100,LOUISVILLE,KY 40202, USA. CR ARDINGER HH, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V29, P171, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320290123 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x CHRISTIANSON AL, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P361 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 CLAYTONSMITH J, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P724, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.9.724 DILIBERTI JH, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V19, P473, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320190308 GILLBERG C, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P257 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Terman L. M., 1973, STANFORD BINET INTEL NR 9 TC 76 Z9 79 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 39 IS 9 BP 632 EP 634 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XZ983 UT WOS:A1997XZ98300011 PM 9344057 ER PT J AU Charman, T Swettenham, J BaronCohen, S Cox, A Baird, G Drew, A AF Charman, T Swettenham, J BaronCohen, S Cox, A Baird, G Drew, A TI Infants with autism: An investigation of empathy, pretend play, joint attention, and imitation SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS AB Systematic studies of infants with autism have not been previously carried out. Taking advantage of a new prospective screening instrument for autism in infancy (S. Baron-Cohen et al., 1996), the present study found that, compared with developmentally delayed and normally developing children, 20-month-old children with autism were specifically impaired on some aspects of empathy joint attention, and imitation. Infants with autism failed to use social gaze in the empathy and joint attention tasks. Both the infants with autism and the infants with developmental delay demonstrated functional play, but very few participants in either group produced spontaneous pretend play. In the developmental delay group, but not the autism group, pretend play was shown following prompting. The implications of these findings for developmental accounts of autism and for the early diagnosis of the disorder are discussed. C1 UNIV LONDON GOLDSMITHS COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE14 6NW,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,SCH MED,BLOOMFIELD CLIN,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,SCH MED,NEWCOMEN CTR,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,GOWER ST,1-19 TORRINGTON PL,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR Adrien J L, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P71 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BUTTERWORTH GE, 1987, ANN C DEV PSYCH SECT CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 CHARMAN T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Cohen D. J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P59 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DAWSON G, 1995, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL DeMyer M., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P169 FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x FEIN GG, 1975, DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P291, DOI 10.1037/h0076568 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x Griffiths R, 1986, ABILITIES BABIES HEIMANN M, 1989, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V12, P495, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(89)90029-5 *HER MAJ STAT OFF, 1981, EC ACT GREAT BRIT Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KLINNERT MD, 1986, DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P427, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.22.4.427 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 LOVELAND KA, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P433, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006039 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 MELTZOFF AN, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P217, DOI 10.2307/1130404 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 MUNDY P, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P63 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P549, DOI 10.1007/BF01486970 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 Reynell J., 1985, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 ROGERS SJ, 1993, SOC RES CHILD DEV C SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P786 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID ZAHNWAXLER C, 1992, DEV PSYCHOL, V28, P1038, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.28.6.1038 NR 49 TC 268 Z9 272 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0012-1649 J9 DEV PSYCHOL JI Dev. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1037//0012-1649.33.5.781 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XV102 UT WOS:A1997XV10200005 PM 9300211 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM AF Bowler, DM TI Reaction times to mental state and non-mental state questions in false belief tasks by high-functioning individuals with autism SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE high-functioning autism; Asperger's syndrome; theory of mind; second-order false belief ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; MIND; PERFORMANCE AB Nine people from the high functioning end of the autistic spectrum and eight non-handicapped controls matched on verbal IQ were given two tests of second-order false belief understanding. On the basis of previous research. it was hypothesised that the subjects with autism used different mechanisms to process mental state and non-mental state questions and that this difference would be reflected in a significant group by question type interaction in the reaction times to the two types of question. Although the results showed that the autistic subjects had longer reaction times to questions than controls, there was no evidence for differential reaction times for mental state and non mental state questions for either group. RP Bowler, DM (reprint author), CITY UNIV LONDON,DEPT PSYCHOL,NORTHAMPTON SQ,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x BRUNER J, 1991, UNDERSTANDING OTHER DEGELDER B, 1987, COGNITION, V27, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(87)80013-6 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HAPPE F, 1994, AUTISM HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Hermelin B., 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P131 LESLIE A, 1994, UNDERSTANDING OTHER OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PICKUP GJ, 1996, UNPUB THEORY MIND EX PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YD424 UT WOS:A1997YD42400006 PM 9383650 ER PT J AU Landen, M Rasmussen, P AF Landen, M Rasmussen, P TI Gender identity disorder in a girl with autism - a case report SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; gender identity disorder; transsexualism; case report ID TRANSSEXUALISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB A girl with high functioning autism who developed transsexualism is described. The literature to date has, to the authors' knowledge, not documented any similar case. The diagnosis of a coexisting psychiatric disorder in transsexualism has implications for the evaluation, prognosis, and appropriate management of the patient. The question of a possible relationship between autism and transsexualism and whether there is a predisposition to gender dysphoria in autism, is discussed. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,ANNEDALS CLIN,INST CLIN NEUROSCI,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP Landen, M (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,MOLNDAL HOSP,INST CLIN NEUROSCI,DEPT PSYCHIAT & NEUROCHEM,S-43180 MOLNDAL,SWEDEN. CR ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, MANUAL ADM UTVARDERI American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BJORCK A, 1988, FROSTIG TEST VISUAL CALDWELL C, 1991, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V36, P300 COLEMAN E, 1990, AM J PSYCHOTHER, V44, P204 COMMANDER M, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P894, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.6.894 CRYAN EMJ, 1992, IRISH J PSYCHOL MED, V9, P45 DECUYPERE G, 1993, EUROPEAN PSYCHIAT, V8, P153 FISK NM, 1978, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V7, P351, DOI 10.1007/BF01542044 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.89 GILLBERG C, 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P125 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P60 HABERMAN M, 1975, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V1, P207, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(75)90013-X Haracopos D, 1992, SEXUALITY AUTISM NAT Hashimoto Masao, 1992, Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, V17, P205 HYDE C, 1977, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V56, P265, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00227.x KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LOTHSTEIN LM, 1984, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V13, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF01541909 Macvicar K, 1978, Int J Psychoanal Psychother, V7, P354 MELONE MB, 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A OUSLEY OY, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471, DOI 10.1007/BF02206871 SNAITH RP, 1991, LANCET, V337, P557, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91348-X TANEJA N, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P698, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.5.698 WALKER P A, 1985, Archives of Sexual Behavior, V14, P79 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P419 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 170 EP 173 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YD424 UT WOS:A1997YD42400008 PM 9383652 ER PT J AU Gurling, HMD Bolton, PF Vincent, J Melmer, G Rutter, M AF Gurling, HMD Bolton, PF Vincent, J Melmer, G Rutter, M TI Molecular and cytogenetic investigations of the fragile X region including the Frax A and Frax E CGG trinucleotide repeat sequences in families multiplex for autism and related phenotypes SO HUMAN HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE autism; fragile X; genetics ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; GENE; DNA AB We undertook molecular and cytogenetic analyses in 25 families multiplex for autism and related disorders, Three of the multiplex families exhibited fragile X, and the affected offspring all exhibited CGG triplet repeat insertion mutations in the FMR-1 gene, One of these families contained an affected pair of monozygotic female twins. Both had similar-sized CGG triplet repeat expansions, but different phenotypic manifestations, One suffered from autism and the other from mild mental retardation and marked social anxiety, PCR and Southern hybridization analysis of the CGG repeat sequences characterizing fragile X A (Frax A) and E and the methylation status of FMR-1 showed no evidence of abnormal CGG repeat expansion or FMR-1 hypermethylation in the remaining 22 multiplex families, Moreover, there was no correlation between the Frax A or E (CGG)n repeat length with affected status, nor any association with the low-level (<3%) expression of cytogenetic fragility at Xq27 previously reported in these families, Our findings indicate that most instances of recurrence in families multiplex for autism and related disorders are not accounted for by Frax A and E, They also indicate that the phenotypic manifestations of Frax A may be influenced by stochastic, environmental and other biological factors. C1 INST PSYCHIAT, MRC, CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT, LONDON, ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEV PSYCHIAT SECT, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. RP Gurling, HMD (reprint author), UCL, SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MOL PSYCHIAT LAB, WINDEYER BLDG, 46 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1P 6DB, ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Gurling, Hugh/A-5029-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; CR BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BIRNBOIM HC, 1979, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V7, P1513 BOLTON P, 1992, PSYCHIATR GENET, V2, P277, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199210000-00005 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x DEGRAAF E, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V199, P45 FEINBERG AP, 1984, ANAL BIOCHEM, V137, P266 FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T HALLMAYER J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P951 Holden JJA, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P399, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<399::AID-AJMG33>3.0.CO;2-8 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KNIGHT SJL, 1993, CELL, V74, P127, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-F LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 NAKAHORI Y, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P1355 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P825, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80023-1 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Sambrock J, 1989, MOL CLONING LAB MANU Smalley S. L., 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P958 Vincent JB, 1996, MOL PSYCHIATR, V1, P227 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5652 J9 HUM HERED JI Hum. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 5 BP 254 EP 262 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XZ621 UT WOS:A1997XZ62100003 PM 9358013 ER PT J AU Sawyer, AM AF Sawyer, AM TI Adults with autism - A guide to theory and practice - Morgan,H SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Sawyer, AM (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. CR MORGAN H, 1996, ADULTS AUTISM GUIDE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AVENUE PUBLISHING COMPANY PI LONDON PA 140 HARLEY ST, LONDON, ENGLAND 1 1AH SN 0020-7640 J9 INT J SOC PSYCHIATR JI Int. J. Soc. Psychiatr. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 43 IS 3 BP 231 EP 231 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YB100 UT WOS:A1997YB10000013 ER PT J AU Bowman, LG Piazza, CC Fisher, WW Hagopian, LP Kogan, JS AF Bowman, LG Piazza, CC Fisher, WW Hagopian, LP Kogan, JS TI Assessment of preference for varied versus constant reinforcers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE reinforcer assessment; paired choice; stimulus variation; concurrent operants ID CHILDREN AB One method that has been demonstrated ro improve the effectiveness of reinforcement is stimulus (reinforcer) variation (Egel, 1980). Egel found that bar pressing increased and responding occurred more rapidly during varied reinforcement than during constant reinforcement when identical stimuli were used across phases for 10 individuals with autism. The purpose of the current investigation was to assess the preferences of 7 individuals for varied presentation of slightly lower quality stimuli relative to constant access to the highest quality stimulus. Varied presentation was preferred. over constant reinforcer presentation with 4 participants, and the opposite was true for 2 participants. One participant did not demonstrate a preference. These results suggest that stimulus variation may allow less preferred reinforcers to compete effectively with a more highly preferred reinforcer for some individuals. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Bowman, LG (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,NEUROBEHAV UNIT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR AMARI A, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-341 Catania A. C., 1980, PSYCHOL LEARN MOTIV, P97, DOI 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60160-7 CATANIA AC, 1963, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V6, P299, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-299 DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 EGEL AL, 1980, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V30, P455, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(80)90050-8 EGEL AL, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P345, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-345 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Fisher WW, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P423, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-423 Fisher WW, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P15 HERRNSTEIN RJ, 1961, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V4, P267, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267 MASON SA, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-171 MICHAEL J, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P191 PACE GM, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P249, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-249 VOLLMER TR, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P279, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-279 VOLLMER TR, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P331, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-331 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-451 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA XX183 UT WOS:A1997XX18300005 PM 9316258 ER PT J AU McEntee, JE Saunders, RR AF McEntee, JE Saunders, RR TI A response-restriction analysis of stereotypy in adolescents with mental retardation: Implications for applied behavior analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association of Behavior Analysis CY MAY, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Assoc Behav Anal DE mental retardation; stereotypy; response deprivation; response restriction; functional analysis; evoker analysis ID DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DISABLED-CHILDREN; SETTING EVENTS; SCHEDULE; INTERVENTION; PERFORMANCE; PROGRAM; PEOPLE AB The behavior of 4 adolescents with severe or profound mental retardation was evaluated in the presence of four sets of materials during periods of unstructured leisure activity. Functional engagement with the materials, stereotypic engagement with the materials, stereotypy without interaction with the materials, and other aberrant behaviors were recorded. Across a series of experimental conditions, the number of sets of materials was reduced from four to one by eliminating the set::most frequently manipulated in each preceding condition. In the final condition, four sets of materials were again made available for manipulation. The procedures replicated Green and Striefel's (1988) response-restriction analysis of the activity preferences and play behaviors of children with autism. In general, the results of the present experiment replicate those of Green and Striefel in that reallocation of responding was idiosyncratic and unpredictable as sets of materials were removed. Nevertheless, the results provided insight into how responding might be reallocated if it were restricted through behavioral interventions rather than by restriction of access. Thus, the results are discussed with respect to how response-restriction analyses may be useful in identifying topographies of behavior that could be included in differential reinforcement contingencies that are designed to affect stereotypic behavior and in the selection and arrangement of environmental stimuli to minimize the presence of evokers of stereotypy. RP McEntee, JE (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DOLE CTR HUMAN DEV 4001,PARSONS RES CTR,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR ALLISON J, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V60, P129, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-129 ALLISON J, 1974, LEARN MOTIV, V5, P231, DOI 10.1016/0023-9690(74)90029-0 AZRIN NH, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V78, P241 BARTON LE, 1985, J MENT DEFIC RES, V29, P71 BAUM WM, 1969, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V12, P861, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-861 Baumeister A. A., 1973, INT REV RES MENT RET, P55, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60037-3 BERKSON G, 1963, AM J MENT DEF, V68, P409 BERKSON G, 1963, AM J MENT DEFIC, V68, P511 BERKSON G, 1992, P 25 ANN GATL C RES Binder C, 1996, BEHAV ANALYST, V19, P163 BROWNSTE.AJ, 1968, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V11, P683, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-683 BUYER LS, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P543 CHARLOP MH, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163 DAVENPORT RK, 1963, AM J MENT DEF, V67, P879 DIORIO MS, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P373 DUNHAM PJ, 1972, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V17, P443, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1972.17-443 DURA JR, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P548 EMERSON E, 1992, RES DEV DISABIL, V13, P335, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(92)90010-4 GREEN G, 1988, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V50, P21, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1988.50-21 Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA GUESS D, 1966, AM J MENT DEFIC, V70, P540 HERRNSTEIN RJ, 1961, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V4, P267, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267 HILL BK, 1984, AM J MENT DEFIC, V91, P72 HOLLIS JH, 1965, AM J MENT DEF, V69, P772 HOLLIS JH, 1965, AM J MENT DEF, V69, P755 HORNER RD, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P473, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-473 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 KAUFMAN ME, 1965, AM J MENT DEF, V69, P467 LAGROW SJ, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P595 Lindsley OR, 1996, BEHAV ANALYST, V19, P211 LINDSLEY OR, 1996, BEH ANAL, V19, P163 Lovaas O. I., 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45 Luce RD, 1959, INDIVIDUAL CHOICE BE LYONS CA, 1984, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V41, P279, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1984.41-279 MACE FC, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P155, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90004-C MORRIS EK, 1975, BEH APPROACHES CRIME, V61, P87 PERONE M, 1991, EXPT DESIGN ANAL FRE, V6 Premack D, 1965, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO, P123 RACHLIN H, 1978, PSYCHOL REV, V85, P22 REPP AC, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P413 REPP AC, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P61 REPP AC, 1946, MENT RETARD, V14, P11 REPP AC, 1989, BEHAV ASSESS, V11, P249 REYNOLDS GS, 1961, SCIENCE, V139, P838 RINCOVER A, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF00924733 SAUNDERS D, 1991, EARTH ISL J, V6, P11 SAUNDERS MD, IN PRESS RES DEV DIS SAUNDERS MD, 1994, DESTRUCTIVE BEH DEV, P102 SAUNDERS MD, 1997, BEH INTERVENTIONS, V12, P1 Saunders R. R., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENT, V11, P59, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(199604)11:2<59::AID-BRT151>3.0.CO;2-M SCHULTZ TM, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P376 THOMPSON T, 1986, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V46, P219, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1986.46-219 THOMPSON TJ, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P580 TIMBERLAKE W, 1979, ANIM LEARN BEHAV, V7, P277, DOI 10.3758/BF03209670 VOLLMER TR, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P9, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-9 WAHLER RG, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P327, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-327 WETZEL MC, 1991, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V26, P223 WIESELER NA, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P393, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90033-9 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 485 EP 506 DI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-485 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA XX183 UT WOS:A1997XX18300008 PM 9316261 ER PT J AU Brown, R Hobson, RP Lee, A Stevenson, J AF Brown, R Hobson, RP Lee, A Stevenson, J TI Are there ''autistic-like'' features in congenitally blind children? SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; pervasive developmental disorder; stereotyped behaviour; visual handicap; nonverbal communication; play ID LANGUAGE; EMOTION; INFANTS AB Twenty-four congenitally blind children between 3 and 9 years of age were studied for the prevalence of ''autistic-like'' features, as assessed by teacher reports and by systematic observations of the children's behaviour. A comparison between the 15 blind children who had IQs over 70 and 10 sighted children group-matched for age and verbal ability revealed that a number of autistic-like features were more common in the blind. When the nine blind children who had IQs less than 70 were compared with nine group-matched autistic children, the picture that emerged was of substantial overlap in clinical presentation, despite subtle differences on clinical impression. Similar results were obtained when blind subgroups were reconstituted according to the children's nonautistic or autistic-like clinical presentation, rather than IQ. These findings are discussed in relation to competing theories concerning the development of autism and ''theory of mind''. C1 TAVISTOCK CLIN, LONDON NW3 5BA, ENGLAND. UCL, SCH MED, LONDON W1N 8AA, ENGLAND. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH, HANTS, ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSEN ES, 1984, J CHILD LANG, V11, P645 BLANK HR, 1975, J AM PSYCHOANAL ASS, V23, P32 CASS HD, 1994, ARCH DIS CHILD, V70, P192 Chase JB, 1972, RETROLENTAL FIBROPLA CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 Curson A, 1979, Psychoanal Study Child, V34, P51 DILALLA DL, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02172092 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL ELONEN AS, 1964, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V34, P625 FARIBERG S, 1977, INSIGHTS BLIND, P248 FAY WH, 1973, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V38, P478 Fraiberg S., 1977, INSIGHTS BLIND FRAIBERG S, 1997, ANNU PSYCHOANAL, V5, P169 FREEDMAN DG, 1964, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V5, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1964.tb02139.x GENSE MH, 1994, REVIEW, V26, P55 GILLMAN AE, 1974, NEW OUTLOOK BLIND, V68, P1 GREEN MR, 1957, PSYCHIAT QUART, V31, P628, DOI 10.1007/BF01568755 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1994, PERCEIVED SELF ECOLO HOBSON RP, UNPUB AUTISM CONGENI HOBSON RP, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 Jan J. E., 1977, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CH Keeler W. R., 1958, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY COMM, P64 MCALPINE LM, 1995, J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN, V89, P349 MCGUIRE LL, 1969, PSYCHO DYNAMIC DEV P MINTER ME, 1991, J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN, V85, P411 MINTER ME, INP RESS BRIT J DEV PREISLER GM, 1991, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V17, P65, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00680.x PREISLER GM, 1993, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V19, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1993.tb00735.x ROGERS SJ, 1986, J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN, V80, P863 Rogers SJ, 1984, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V3, P57 ROGERS SJ, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P598 Rowland C, 1983, LANG ACQUIS, P114 SANDLER AM, 1963, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY, V28, P343 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SHERMAN M, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P511, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00001 SKUSE D, 1995, DYSPHAGIA, V10, P192, DOI 10.1007/BF00260976 Spaulding P., 1957, BLINDNESS CHILDREN Tillman MH, 1967, INT J ED BLIND, V16, P106 Urwin C., 1983, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, P142 WARD JH, 1963, J AM STAT ASSOC, V58, P236, DOI 10.2307/2282967 Warren D. H., 1994, BLINDNESS CHILDREN I Wechsler D., 1976, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P Wills D M, 1979, Psychoanal Study Child, V34, P31 Wills D M, 1979, Psychoanal Study Child, V34, P85 Wills D M, 1981, Psychoanal Study Child, V36, P217 WING L, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02066.x NR 50 TC 86 Z9 87 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400012 PM 9315979 ER PT J AU Harrison, JE Bolton, PF AF Harrison, JE Bolton, PF TI Annotation: Tuberous sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE tuberous sclerosis; subependymal nodules; tubers; autism; developmental delay; epilepsy ID CLINICORADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; VIGABATRIN; CHILDREN; AUTISM; MR; DISORDER; SEIZURES; BEHAVIOR RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR Aicardi J, 1996, EPILEPSIA, V37, P638, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00627.x Arnsten AFT, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P448 BEBIN EM, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P651, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00442.x BISHOP D, 1993, LANGUAGE DEV EXCEPTI, P203 Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 Bourneville D., 1880, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V1, P81 BRAFFMAN BH, 1992, RADIOLOGY, V183, P227 BROOKCARTER PT, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P328, DOI 10.1038/ng1294-328 BRUNI O, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P52, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(94)00118-H Clarke A, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P139 Critchley M, 1932, BRAIN, V55, P311, DOI 10.1093/brain/55.3.311 CURATOLO P, 1951, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8 CURATOLO P, 1994, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V25, P55, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071586 CUSMAI R, 1990, EPILEPSIA, V31, P747, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05516.x DENNIS J, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P413 DIETERLE L, 1994, NERVENARZT, V65, P122 NELLIST M, 1993, CELL, V75, P1305 Gillberg C, 1996, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V40, P75, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00606.x GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GREEN AJ, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P193, DOI 10.1038/ng0294-193 HARRISON JE, 1996, EVIDENCE COGNITIVE D HARVEY KV, 1995, PSYCHOSOMATICS, V36, P314 HOLSCHNEIDER DP, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P353 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 HUNT A, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P108 HUNT A, 1984, J MED GENET, V21, P272, DOI 10.1136/jmg.21.4.272 HUNT A, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P41 INOUE Y, 1988, NEURORADIOLOGY, V30, P379 JAMBAQUE I, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P698 KALVIAINEN R, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P989 KHANNA R, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P117, DOI 10.1192/bjp.155.1.117 KINGSLEY DPE, 1986, NEURORADIOLOGY, V28, P38 KNUDSON AG, 1971, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V68, P820, DOI 10.1073/pnas.68.4.820 KWIATKOWSKI DJ, 1994, ARCH DERMATOL, V130, P348, DOI 10.1001/archderm.130.3.348 Lampi Y, 1996, ACTA THERAP, V22, P51 LEPPIK IE, 1994, EPILEPSIA, V35, pS29, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb05953.x Levitt Pat, 1995, P147 MAEDA M, 1995, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V19, P660, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199507000-00033 MENOR F, 1992, PEDIATR RADIOL, V22, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF02012989 Monaco F, 1996, NEUROLOGY, V47, pS6 Moolten SE, 1942, ARCH INTERN MED, V69, P589 NEVIN N C, 1968, Journal of Medical Genetics, V5, P273, DOI 10.1136/jmg.5.4.273 NEZU A, 1991, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V45, P372 NIXON JR, 1989, MAYO CLIN PROC, V64, P305 NIXON JR, 1989, RADIOLOGY, V170, P869 OCALLAGHAN FJ, 1996, MELATONIN SLEEP DISO OSBORNE JP, 1988, ARCH DIS CHILD, V63, P1423 OSBORNE JP, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37754.x POVEY S, 1994, ANN HUM GENET, V58, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1994.tb01881.x Provinciali L, 1996, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V94, P12 Rakic Pasko, 1995, P127 Rintahaka PJ, 1997, J CHILD NEUROL, V12, P42 ROACH ES, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P301 Rutter M., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P569 RUTTER M, 1977, CHILD PSYCHIATRY MOD SAMPSON JR, 1989, J MED GENET, V26, P28, DOI 10.1136/jmg.26.1.28 SHEPHERD CW, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P400 SHEPHERD CW, 1995, AM J NEURORADIOL, V16, P149 SHEPHERD CW, 1991, MAYO CLIN PROC, V66, P792 SHEPHERD CW, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P766 SHERLOC EB, 1911, FEEBLE MINDED SIEG KG, 1991, CLIN NUCL MED, V16, P665, DOI 10.1097/00003072-199109000-00011 Simonoff E, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01404.x SMALLEY S, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P164 SMALLEY SL, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P761, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.10.761 TAMAKI K, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P420 Vigevano F, 1996, GIORN NEUROPSI EVOL, V16, P61 Vogt H, 1908, Z ERFORSCH BEHANDL J, V2, P1 WEBB DW, 1995, ARCH DIS CHILD, V72, P471 Webb DW, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P146 WEBB DW, 1991, J MED GENET, V28, P395, DOI 10.1136/jmg.28.6.395 WESTMORELAND BF, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, P37 WILLIAMSON DA, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF02179377 WIPPOLD FJ, 1992, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V16, P69, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199201000-00012 NR 76 TC 42 Z9 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01687.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400003 PM 9315970 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E Bolton, P Prior, J Jordan, H Rutter, M AF Fombonne, E Bolton, P Prior, J Jordan, H Rutter, M TI A family study of autism: Cognitive patterns and levels in parents and siblings SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; cognitive abnormalities in relatives; broad phenotype; heterozygote advantage ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; HISTORY; TWIN; INTELLIGENCE; ABILITIES; DISORDERS AB First-degree relatives of 99 autism probands and of 36 Down's syndrome controls were assessed with standardised tests of intellectual functioning, reading, and spelling. Higher mean verbal IQ scores, and discrepancies in favour of verbal scores, were characteristic of autism relatives. No consistent differences were found on performance scales, reading, and spelling tests. Among autism relatives, siblings affected with the broad phenotype of autism had significantly lower IQ scores and poorer reading and spelling performances than unaffected siblings. However, the small size of the cognitive difference and the lack of a distinctive cognitive profile indicates that standardised cognitive measures used in this study are unlikely to improve the operationalised definition of the broad phenotype of autism. The slightly superior verbal performance of relatives in the autism group might represent some form of heterozygote advantage. C1 SOCIAL GENET & DEV PSYCHIAT RES CTR,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,16 DE CRESPIGNY PK,DENMARK HILL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J COGNITIVE BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORDERS COM, V24, P103 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL FLYNN JR, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P171, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171 Folstein S., 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 FUGGLE PW, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1241, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00942.x GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 Gray W. S., 1963, GRAY ORAL READING TE HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HESTON LL, 1970, SCIENCE, V167, P249 HUNTLEY M, 1987, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE JASTAK S, 1984, WIDE RANG ACHIEVEMEN Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 LEBOYER M, 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V11, P139 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lilliefors H. W., 1967, J AM STAT ASSOC, V64, P399 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LYNN R, 1987, NATURE, V328, P797, DOI 10.1038/328797a0 LYNN R, 1986, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V7, P23, DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(86)90104-2 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 Nelson H. E., 1982, NATIONAL ADULT READI Nelson HE, 1991, NATIONAL ADULT READI *OPCS GROS, 1991, CENS HOUS FAM COMP OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RAVEN JC, 1982, MANUAL RAVENS PROGRE ROTTER JI, 1987, NATURE, V329, P289, DOI 10.1038/329289a0 RUTTER M, 1993, NATURE NURTURE PSYCH Rutter M., 1997, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV RUTTER M, 1992, SPECIFIC SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN : CORRELATES, CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES, P63 Schonell P. E., 1960, DIAGNOSTIC ATTAINMEN Shipley WC, 1941, AM J PSYCHIAT, V97, P1313 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x Stutsman R., 1948, MERRILL PALMER SCALE SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 *U ED, 1977, ED READ TESTS STAG 1 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 52 TC 127 Z9 127 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 667 EP 683 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01694.x PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400010 PM 9315977 ER PT J AU Mitchell, P Saltmarsh, R Russell, H AF Mitchell, P Saltmarsh, R Russell, H TI Overly literal interpretations of speech in autism: Understanding that messages arise from minds SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; literal; interpretation; mind ID FALSE-BELIEF; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; VERBAL-ABILITY; CHILDREN; TASK; REPRESENTATION; DEFICITS AB Children with autism and children with Down's syndrome watched the following enactment. A protagonist put one item in location A and another in location B and then left the scene. Subsequently, the items were swapped the other way round. Finally, the protagonist (who remained ignorant of the swap) requested the item in A. The observing child participant was asked to judge (1) which item the protagonist wanted and (2) which item the protagonist put in A. Unlike children with Down's syndrome, those with autism made more errors in judging that the speaker wanted the item in B than in judging that the item the speaker put in A is now in B; children with autism wrongly tended to interpret utterances literally, and they did this significantly more frequently than children with Down's syndrome. We conclude that children with autism have a difficulty making nonliteral interpretations that cannot be explained as (1) a realist bias, (2) an inability to inhibit a prepotent response, and (3) a failure to keep track of the exchange of items. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. RP Mitchell, P (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH PSYCHOL,POB 363,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 FODOR JA, 1992, COGNITION, V44, P283, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90004-2 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 MITCHELL P, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1214 MITCHELL P, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P439 Mitchell P., 1996, ACQUIRING CONCEPTION Mitchell Peter, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P19 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 Perner J., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P141 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES ROBINSON EJ, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P639, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01652.x ROBINSON EJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P67, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.67 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1059, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01809.x ZELAZO PD, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 685 EP 691 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01695.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400011 PM 9315978 ER PT J AU Tordjman, S Anderson, GM McBride, PA Hertzig, ME Snow, ME Hall, LM Thompson, SM Ferrari, P Cohen, DJ AF Tordjman, S Anderson, GM McBride, PA Hertzig, ME Snow, ME Hall, LM Thompson, SM Ferrari, P Cohen, DJ TI Plasma beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropin hormone, and cortisol in autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; biology; hormones; stress response beta-endorphin; ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone) ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; NALTREXONE; CHILDREN; FLUID; ACTH; MHPG AB Plasma levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones beta-endorphin (BE), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were measured in autistic (N = 48), mentally retarded/cognitively impaired (MR/CI, N = 16), and normal control (N = 26) individuals. Comparison of log transformed data from the three groups revealed that levels of BE and ACTH were significantly higher (p < .05) in the autistic individuals than in normal controls. The higher means in the autistic group were due to significantly higher plasma levels of BE and ACTH, indices of acute stress response, in the more severely affected individuals. The data support the idea that individuals with severe autism have a heightened response to acute stressors rather than chronic hyperarousal or elevated basal stress response system functioning. C1 YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. UNIV PARIS SUD,PARIS,FRANCE. CORNELL UNIV,SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10021. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CR ACHENBACH TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Beck AT, 1961, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V4, P53 BERGMAN P, 1949, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY, V34, P333 BOUVARD MP, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P191, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02601-R BRAMBILL.F, 1969, DIS NERV SYST, V30, P627 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GOODWIN MS, 1971, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V1, P148 HARPER J, 1974, MED J AUSTRALIA, P341 HERMAN BH, 1991, PROGR PSYCHIAT, V32, P107 HERMAN BH, 1988, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V67, P186 HILL SD, 1977, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V10, P579, DOI 10.1002/dev.420100612 Hoshino Y., 1986, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEURO, V38, P445 HOSHINO Y, 1989, Neurosciences, V15, P25 HUTT C, 1964, NATURE, V204, P908, DOI 10.1038/204908a0 HUTT SJ, 1965, J PSYCHIAT RES, V3, P181, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(65)90028-2 JENSEN JB, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P263, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61085-2 Kinsbourne M, 1980, J Dev Behav Pediatr, V1, P39 KJAER A, 1992, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, V56, P419 KOOTZ JP, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531308 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LACOUMENTA S, 1987, BRIT J ANAESTH, V59, P713, DOI 10.1093/bja/59.6.713 LAKE CR, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P553 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MAHER KR, 1975, J NERV MENT DIS, V161, P180, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197509000-00005 MINDERAA RB, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P237, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90605-X Nagamitsu Shinichiro, 1993, Kurume Medical Journal, V40, P233 ORNITZ EM, 1980, DEV INVENTORY CHILDR RATEY JJ, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V7, P35 Raven J. C., 1983, MANUAL RAVENS PROGR RICHDALE AL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF01048245 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SANDMAN CA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P84 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 SANDMAN CA, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P132, DOI 10.1007/BF01046410 Sparrow SS, 1984, INTERVIEW EDITION SU Tanner JM, 1962, GROWTH ADOLESCENCE Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 WillemsenSwinkels SHN, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P105, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.1.105 WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P203, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02749-M WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 YAMAZAKI K, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01540679 YOUNG JG, 1981, LIFE SCI, V29, P1467, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90012-6 YOUNG JG, 1981, LIFE SCI, V28, P2837 YOUNG JG, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408428 ZINGARELLI G, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P57 NR 55 TC 84 Z9 84 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 705 EP 715 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01697.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400013 PM 9315980 ER PT J AU Charman, T Campbell, A AF Charman, T Campbell, A TI Reliability of theory of mind task performance by individuals with a learning disability: A research note SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE theory of mind; learning disability; reliability ID FALSE-BELIEF; MENTAL-RETARDATION; VERBAL-ABILITY; AUTISM; DECEPTION; CHILDREN; AGE AB The aim of the present study was to test the reliability of theory of mind task performance by individuals with a learning disability. Across a series of three false belief tasks and two belief-desire reasoning tasks reliability was moderate-although it was no lower than has been found over a period of 3 weeks in normally developing children. The overall level of performance on the tasks was also only moderate, with approximately half the subjects passing on any one false belief task, and one quarter on any one belief-desire reasoning task. Reliable passers had higher VMA and NVMA than unreliable passers and subjects who failed. Given the important interpretations made regarding the representational skills of individuals on the basis of their responses in such experimental tasks, further work investigating the psychometric properties of the tasks is required with both typically and atypically developing individuals. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,1-19 TORRINGTON PL,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x BENSON G, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P427 Bishop D. V. M., 1989, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM CHARMAN T, 1996, UNPUB DOES THEORY MI CHARMAN T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Dunn J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P507, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01437.x FLEISS JL, 1969, PSYCHOL BULL, V72, P323, DOI 10.1037/h0028106 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Harris P., 1989, COGNITION EMOTION, V3, P379, DOI DOI 10.1080/02699938908412713 Hodapp R. M., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P213, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000730 HODAPP RM, 1990, DOWN SYNDROME DEV PE Lewis C., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE MAYES LC, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P555 Mayes LC, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P313, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01408.x PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 Raven JC, 1977, COLOURED PROGR MATRI Siegal M., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P427 SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Yirmiya N, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P1003, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01497.x Zelazo PD, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P479, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01429.x NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01699.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XX684 UT WOS:A1997XX68400015 PM 9315982 ER PT J AU Anderson, S Hanson, R Malecha, M Oftelie, A Erikson, C Clark, JM AF Anderson, S Hanson, R Malecha, M Oftelie, A Erikson, C Clark, JM TI The effectiveness of naltrexone in treating task attending, aggression, self-injury, and stereotypic mannerisms of six young males with autism or pervasive developmental disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE naltrexone; autism; pervasive developmental disorders; aggression; self-injury ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BETA-ENDORPHIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; FENFLURAMINE; WEIGHT; TRIAL AB An 8-week trial of 2 mg/kg/day of naltrexone (Trexan, now called ReVia) was conducted with four males with autism and two males with pervasive developmental disorders. Two dependent measures were employed: (a) direct behavioral measurement conducted by blind observers using videotape recordings of periodic learning task sessions, and (b) performance measures of the learning activity Direct behavior measures revealed one participant's attending-to-task improved while receiving naltrexone. However two of the participants' rates of self-injury increased, as did one of those participant's rate of aggression. Significant improvement was observed on performance measures of the learning task; however the improved performance continued during the non-drug return to baseline for the three participants who experienced this additional condition. Discussion is provided relating these findings to previously published results. RP Anderson, S (reprint author), MT OLIVET ROLLING ACRES,7200 ROLLING ACRES RD,VICTORIA,MN 55386, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BENJAMIN S, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P238, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00020 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CATALDO MF, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P21, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90004-0 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 DUKER PC, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF02207332 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GONZALEZ NM, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V30, P203 HERMAN BH, 1991, MENTAL RETARDATION D, P107 HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 HERMAN BH, 1989, DEV PHARMACOL THERAP, V12, P118 KNABE R, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P591, DOI 10.1007/BF02216064 KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P715 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 Lensing P, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P169 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 Sandman Curt A., 1993, Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, V1, P242, DOI 10.1037/1064-1297.1.1-4.242 SANDMAN CA, IN PRESS PSYCHOACTIV SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SJEGEL S, 1956, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B Sulzer-Azaroff B., 1977, APPL BEHAV ANAL PROC TAYLOR DV, 1993, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V5, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01046596 THOMPSON T, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P85 WALTERS AS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF02284716 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 ZINGARELLI G, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P57 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1023/A:1024933904144 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA XX998 UT WOS:A1997XX99800002 ER PT J AU Stanovich, PJ Stanovich, KE AF Stanovich, PJ Stanovich, KE TI Research into practice in special education SO JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; AUTISM; PSYCHOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE AB In this article the authors outline a number of disparate reactions to the Gersten et al. (this issue) piece. Gersten et al. rightly point out that researchers' reluctance to draw conclusions from ambiguous data is at odds with educators' daily demands and serves to reduce the impact of research. In contrast, the authors argue that on those occasions when educators have confronted the application of undocumented practices, they have done society a great service. The lack of middle-level scientist/practitioners in the education field is discussed. This situation puts much more of a burden on educational practitioners and researchers to stretch themselves to communicate with each other. Issues of source credibility become paramount, and widespread dissemination of scientific criteria for evaluating claims is critical. Finally, it is argued that researchers and educators are kindred spirits at the epistemological level, because both are grounded in a ''what works'' epistemology. C1 UNIV TORONTO,ONTARIO INST STUDIES EDUC,DEPT HUMAN DEV & APPL PSYCHOL,TORONTO,ON M5S 1V6,CANADA. RP Stanovich, PJ (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,ONTARIO INST STUDIES EDUC,DEPT CURRICULUM TEACHING & LEARNING,252 BLOOR ST W,TORONTO,ON M5S 1V6,CANADA. CR Berliner D.C., 1987, TALKS TEACHERS, P3 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 FULLEN M, 1991, NEW MEANING ED CHANG HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 Jackson P. W., 1992, UNDERSTANDING TEACHE, P62 JORDAN A, 1996, ANN M AM ED RES ASS Kavale K. A., 1995, NATURE LEARNING DISA LEVINE K, 1994, MENT RETARD, V32, P300 Lortie D., 1975, SCH TEACHER SOCIOLOG OZER DJ, 1985, PSYCHOL BULL, V97, P307, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.97.2.307 PAJARES MF, 1992, REV EDUC RES, V62, P307, DOI 10.3102/00346543062003307 PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 ROSENTHAL R, 1990, AM PSYCHOL, V45, P775, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.45.6.775 ROSNOW RL, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1276, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.44.10.1276 Schmidt FL, 1996, PSYCHOL METHODS, V1, P115, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.1.2.115 SHANE HC, 1993, COMMUNICATING TOGETH, V11, P11 Shulman L. S., 1987, TALKS TEACHERS, P369 SIMPSON RL, 1995, J SPEC EDUC, V28, P424 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SOKAL A, 1996, LINGUA FRANCA, V6, P62 STANOVICH KE, 1993, READ TEACH, V47, P280 STANOVICH KE, 1996, THINK STRAIGHT PSYCH STANOVICH KE, 1996, UNPUB INTEGRATED MOD WAGNER RK, 1996, ANN M AM ED RES ASS WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 0022-2194 J9 J LEARN DISABIL JI J. Learn. Disabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 477 EP 481 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XU906 UT WOS:A1997XU90600002 PM 9293228 ER PT J AU Robertson, JM AF Robertson, JM TI Preschool children with inadequate communication: Developmental language disorder, autism, low IQ - Rapin,I SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Robertson, JM (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. CR Rapin I., 1996, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN I NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1310 DI 10.1097/00004583-199709000-00031 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XT950 UT WOS:A1997XT95000032 ER PT J AU Sarma, PSB AF Sarma, PSB TI Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs - Trevarthen,C, Aitken,K, Papoudi,D, Robarts,J SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Sarma, PSB (reprint author), FINCH UNIV HLTH SCI CHICAGO MED SCH,N CHICAGO,IL 60064, USA. CR Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1309 DI 10.1097/00004583-199709000-00030 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XT950 UT WOS:A1997XT95000031 ER PT J AU Srebrnik, A Brenner, S Holan, A Stein, D Elizur, A AF Srebrnik, A Brenner, S Holan, A Stein, D Elizur, A TI Cutaneous manifestations in an autistic population SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY LA English DT Article DE psychiatric population; drug therapy; autism; skin disease AB Background The observation of combinations of cutaneous signs that appear to be specific to autistic patients indicates a possible genetic association between autism and certain cutaneous manifestations. Objective To examine the possibility of a genetic association between autism and cutaneous manifestations in an autistic population compared to a control group of psychiatric patients. Subjects and methods Seventy-four autistic and 67 psychiatric hospitilized patients underwent routine skin examination by a physician who was unaware of the patient individual diagnosis, medical history and family background. Data on concomitant diseases, family medical history, drug therapy and dermatologic findings were compared in the two populations. Results The autistic population had a significantly higher frequency of seborrhea, atypical nevi, pigmentation, baldness and seizures, which may have a genetic background. Conclusions The findings point to the possible genetic nature of autism, a speculation that requires further study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TEL AVIV MED CTR & SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,IL-64239 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. ABARBANEL PSYCHIAT HOSP,DEPT CHILDREN,BAT YAM,ISRAEL. ABARBANEL PSYCHIAT HOSP,DEPT ADOLESCENT,BAT YAM,ISRAEL. TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Mouridsen S E, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P15 RHODES AR, 1993, DERMATOLOGY GEN MED, P996 RIVERS JK, 1995, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V32, P957, DOI 10.1016/0190-9622(95)91331-9 SREBRNIK A, 1991, ACTA DERM-VENEREOL S, V158, P3 YOUNG JG, 1989, COMPREHENSIVE TXB PS, P1772 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9959 J9 J EUR ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0926-9959(97)00068-8 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YD085 UT WOS:A1997YD08500003 ER PT J AU Bonus, B Assion, HJ Deister, A AF Bonus, B Assion, HJ Deister, A TI Coincidence of epilepsy and Asperger syndrome. Case report and review SO NERVENARZT LA German DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; epilepsy; autism; therapy ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE AB Asperger syndrome is an autistic disorder and was first described by Hans Asperger in 1944 without further acceptance in the literature over almost four decades. Following several publications in the 1980s, for the disorder became more widely known and was first introduced into ICD-10 and DSM-IV as a new diagnosis in 1988 and 1994, respectively. The etiology is unknown. We present a female patient with typical features of Asperger syndrome, suffering also from epilepsy and internal medical disorders. The associated diseases, diagnostic criteria and possible therapeutic options are discussed. C1 ST JOSEF HOSP,NEUROL ABT,D-46045 OBERHAUSEN,GERMANY. UNIV BONN,PSYCHIAT KLIN,D-5300 BONN,GERMANY. KRANKENHAUS ITZEHOE,PSYCHIAT ABT,ITZEHOE,GERMANY. CR ABASSA V, 1978, J AUSTISM CHILDHOOD, V8, P383 AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 Bonus B, 1997, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V65, P41, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-996308 CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P371, DOI 10.1007/BF01538042 COHEN DJ, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P445 Dilling H, 1994, INT KLASSIFIKATION P Dilling H, 1991, INT KLASSIFIKATION P EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG IC, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P531, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00889.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OZBAYRAK KR, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P454 SALIBA JR, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF02216061 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 SZATMARI P, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P81 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 *WHO, 1988, ICD10 1988 DRAFT CAT, pCH5 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organisation, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0028-2804 J9 NERVENARZT JI Nervenarzt PD SEP PY 1997 VL 68 IS 9 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.1007/s001150050192 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA XY558 UT WOS:A1997XY55800010 PM 9411280 ER PT J AU Fleche, A AF Fleche, A TI Echoing autism: Performance, performativity, and the writing of Donna Williams SO TDR-THE DRAMA REVIEW-A JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE STUDIES LA English DT Article ID QUEER RP Fleche, A (reprint author), BOSTON COLL,CHESTNUT HILL,MA 02167, USA. CR AUSTIN JL, HOW TO DO THINGS WOR Brecht B., 1964, BRECHT THEATRE DEV A, P179 BUTLER J, 1993, GLQ-J LESBIAN GAY ST, V1, P17 BUTLER J, 1988, THEATRE J, V40, P519, DOI 10.2307/3207893 Butler Judith, 1993, BODIES MATTER DISCUR Derrida Jacques, TRUTH PAINTING DOLAN J, 1993, THEATRE J, V45, P417, DOI 10.2307/3209014 FELMAN S, LIT SPEECH ACT DON J Lacan Jacques, 1977, ECRITS SELECTION, P1 SCHECHNER R, BETWEEN THEATER ANTH SEARLE JR, EXPRESSION MEANING SEDGWICK EK, 1993, GLQ-J LESBIAN GAY ST, V1, P1 WILLIAMS D, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE B WILLIAMS D, LIKE COLOR BLIND SOU WILLIAMS D, NOBODY NOWHERE EXTRA WILLIAMS D, 1994, COMMUNICATION 0303 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 1054-2043 J9 TDR-DRAMA REV-J PERF JI TDR-Drama Rev.-J. Perform. Stud. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.2307/1146611 PG 15 WC Theater SC Theater GA XV584 UT WOS:A1997XV58400008 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S Wheelwright, S Jolliffe, T AF BaronCohen, S Wheelwright, S Jolliffe, T TI Is there a ''language of the eyes''? Evidence from normal adults, and adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome SO VISUAL COGNITION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; CONTACT; MIND; FACE AB Previous work suggests that a range of mental states can be read from facial expressions, beyond the ''basic emotions''. Experiment 1 tested this in more detail, by using a standardized method, and by testing the role of face parts (eyes vs. mouth vs. the whole face). Adult subjects were shown photographs of an actress posing 10 basic emotions (happy, sad, angry, afraid, etc.) and 10 complex mental states (scheme, admire, interest, thoughtfulness, etc.). For each mental state, each subject was shown the whole face, the eyes alone, or the mouth alone, and were given a forced choice of two mental state terms. Results indicated that: (1) Subjects show remarkable agreement in ascribing a wide range of mental states to facial expressions, (2) for the basic emotions, the whole face is more informative than either the eyes or the mouth, (3) for the complex mental states, seeing the eyes alone produced significantly better performance than seeing the mouth alone, and was as informative as the whole face. In Experiment 2, the eye-region effect was re-tested, this time using an actor's face, in order to test if this effect generalized across faces of different sex. Results were broadly similar to those found in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome were tested using the same procedure as Experiment 1. Results showed a significant impairment relative to normal adults on the complex mental states, and this was most marked on the eyes-alone condition. The results from all three experiments are discussed in relation to the role or perception in the use of our everyday ''theory of mind'', and the role of eye-contact in this. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR ALLPORT FH, 1976, SOCIAL PSYCHOL Argyle Michael, 1976, GAZE AND MUTUAL GAZE Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1993, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P397 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS INFANT BEH, V11 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BARONCOHEN S, 1997, CHILD DEV BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BaronCohen S, 1996, VIS COGN, V3, P39, DOI 10.1080/713756728 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen S, 1992, MIND LANG, V6, P173 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Coleman J. C., 1949, PSYCHOL MONOGR, V63, P1, DOI [10.1037/h0093573, DOI 10.1037/H0093573] DARN C, 1965, EXPRESSION EMOTIONS Dennett D. C., 1978, BRAINSTORMS *DSM IV, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN Dunlap K, 1927, GENETIC PSYCHOL MONO, V2, P199 EKMAN P, 1992, COGNITION EMOTION, V6, P169, DOI 10.1080/02699939208411068 Ekman P, 1975, UNMASKING FACE, V1st EKMAN P, 1971, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V17, P124, DOI 10.1037/h0030377 Ekman P, 1973, DARWIN FACIAL EXPRES Ekman P., 1982, EMOTION HUMAN FACE Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Frois-Wittmann J, 1930, J EXP PSYCHOL, V13, P113, DOI 10.1037/h0070158 GOOD DW, 1993, SEMIN NEPHROL, V13, P225 Hanawalt NG, 1944, J GEN PSYCHOL, V31, P23 HOBSON RP, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIUND *ICD 10, 1994, INT CLASS DIS Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEINKE CL, 1986, PSYCHOL BULL, V100, P78, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.100.1.78 LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Nelson H. E., 1982, NATIONAL ADULT READI NUMMENMAA T, 1964, LANGUAGE FACE PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x VONBRENTANO F, 1970, PSYCHOL EMPIRICAL ST Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDRENS THEORIES M Wing L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL NR 47 TC 315 Z9 324 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 1350-6285 J9 VIS COGN JI Vis. Cogn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 311 EP 331 DI 10.1080/713756761 PG 21 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA XX256 UT WOS:A1997XX25600004 ER PT J AU Michaelis, RC Skinner, SA Deason, R Skinner, C Moore, CL Phelan, MC AF Michaelis, RC Skinner, SA Deason, R Skinner, C Moore, CL Phelan, MC TI Intersitial deletion of 20p: New candidate region for Hirschsprung disease and autism? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; Hirschsprung disease; chromosome 20; 20p-; neurocristopathies ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; RET PROTOONCOGENE; ALAGILLE SYNDROME; GENETIC DISORDER; INV DUP(15); FRAGILE-X; CHROMOSOME AB We describe a patient with Hirschsprung disease and autism. High-resolution karyotyping indicated that the patient has an interstitial deletion of 20p11.22-p11.23. Microsatellite analysis showed a deletion involving a 5-6 cM region from the maternally derived chromosome 20. The deleted region is proximal to, and does not overlap, the recently characterized Alagille syndrome region, This region of 20p has not yet been implicated in Hirschsprung disease or autism, However, this region contains several genes that could plausibly contribute to any phenotype that includes abnormal neural development. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Michaelis, RC (reprint author), GREENWOOD GENET CTR,1 GREGOR MENDEL CIRCLE,GREENWOOD,SC 29646, USA. CR AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Amiel J, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P355, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.3.355 ANAD F, 1990, J MED GENET, V27, P729, DOI 10.1136/jmg.27.12.729 ANGRIST M, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, pA1416 ANNEREN G, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V56, P330, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560325 ATTIE T, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P1381, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.8.1381 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 Auricchio A, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P351, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.3.351 BADNER JA, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P568 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKER P, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02172133 BARBER JCK, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P312, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.4.312 BAY C, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V47, P965, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320470706 BLACKMAN JA, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P153 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BUNDEY S, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P736 Chen Y.-T., 1995, METABOLIC MOL BASES, P935 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COMINGS DE, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P1793, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.13.1793 EDERY P, 1994, NATURE, V367, P378, DOI 10.1038/367378a0 Edery P, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P442, DOI 10.1038/ng0496-442 EDERY P, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P602, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.8.602 FALCONER DS, 1965, ANN HUM GENET, V29, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1965.tb00500.x FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 Fon EA, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P554, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600614 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P313 GILLBERG C, 1984, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V5, P353, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(84)80056-9 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P489, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00022 GYAPAY G, 1994, NAT GENET, V7, P246, DOI 10.1038/ng0694supp-246 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W Hess EJ, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P573, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600619 HOFSTRA RMW, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, pA1520 Hofstra RMW, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P445, DOI 10.1038/ng0496-445 HOLROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X HOTOPF M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02178166 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 Ivanchuk SM, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P2023, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.12.2023 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 KERBESHIAN J, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P205 KRANTZ ID, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P1288 Kusafuka T, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P347, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.3.347 LAWCE HJ, 1991, ACT CYTOGENETICS LAB, P42 LI SY, 1993, HUM GENET, V92, P441, DOI 10.1007/BF00216447 LOPREIATO JO, 1992, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V13, P281 MACDONALD H, 1989, 1 WORLD C PSYCH GEN McKusick V., 1994, MENDELIAN INHERITANC MURAYAMA K, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V40, P488, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320400424 MUTIRANGURA A, 1993, GENOMICS, V18, P546 OHAGI S, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P4977, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.11.4977 OMENN GS, 1979, AM J MED GENET, V3, P217, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320030302 PETIT E, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P269, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.4.269 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 POOLE JJ, 1988, GENOMICS, V4, P222 PUFFENBERGER EG, 1994, CELL, V79, P1257, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90016-7 RAND EB, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P1068 RAO PN, 1994, HUM GENET, V94, P149 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P187 Robinson Wendy P., 1993, European Journal of Human Genetics, V1, P37 ROHRER L, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P4196, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4196 Salomon R, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P345, DOI 10.1038/ng1196-345 SESHADRI K, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P999 SKINNER R, 1973, J MED GENET, V10, P337, DOI 10.1136/jmg.10.4.337 Spinner N. B., 1995, American Journal of Human Genetics, V57, pA35 Spinner N. B., 1994, American Journal of Human Genetics, V55, pA118 Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STONE RL, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P59, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-59 TOMMERUP N, 1995, GENOMICS, V27, P259, DOI 10.1006/geno.1995.1040 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 TURNER B, 1961, LANCET, V1, P49 Vostanis P., 1994, Psychiatric Genetics, V4, P109, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199422000-00008 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 WILSON GN, 1989, J MED GENET, V26, P62, DOI 10.1136/jmg.26.1.62 WISNIEWSKI L, 1979, HUM GENET, V50, P259, DOI 10.1007/BF00399391 WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x YOMO A, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V41, P188, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320410211 ZHAO ND, 1994, GENE, V145, P313 NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970822)71:3<298::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-F PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XN685 UT WOS:A1997XN68500010 PM 9268100 ER PT J AU vanSlegtenhorst, M deHoogt, R Hermans, C Nellist, M Janssen, B Verhoef, S Lindhout, D vandenOuweland, A Halley, D Young, J Burley, M Jeremiah, S Woodward, K Nahmias, J Fox, M Ekong, R Osborne, J Wolfe, J Povey, S Snell, RG Cheadle, JP Jones, AC Tachataki, M Ravine, D Sampson, JR Reeve, MP Richardson, P Wilmer, F Munro, C Hawkins, TL Sepp, T Ali, JBM Ward, S Green, AJ Yates, JRW Kwiatkowska, J Henske, EP Short, MP Haines, JH Jozwiak, S Kwiatkowski, DJ AF vanSlegtenhorst, M deHoogt, R Hermans, C Nellist, M Janssen, B Verhoef, S Lindhout, D vandenOuweland, A Halley, D Young, J Burley, M Jeremiah, S Woodward, K Nahmias, J Fox, M Ekong, R Osborne, J Wolfe, J Povey, S Snell, RG Cheadle, JP Jones, AC Tachataki, M Ravine, D Sampson, JR Reeve, MP Richardson, P Wilmer, F Munro, C Hawkins, TL Sepp, T Ali, JBM Ward, S Green, AJ Yates, JRW Kwiatkowska, J Henske, EP Short, MP Haines, JH Jozwiak, S Kwiatkowski, DJ TI Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; ABO BLOOD-GROUP; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; HETEROGENEITY; LINKAGE; LOCUS; LOCALIZATION; MUTATION; AUTISM; 16P13 AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the widespread development of distinctive tumors termed hamartomas. TSC-determining loci have been mapped to chromosomes 9q34 (TSC1) and 16p13 (TSC2). The TSC1 gene was identified from a 900-kilobase region containing at least 30 genes. The 8.6-kilobase TSC1 transcript is widely expressed and encodes a protein of 130 kilodaltons (hamartin) that has homology to a putative yeast protein of unknown function. Thirty-two distinct mutations were identified in TSC1, 30 of which were truncating, and a single mutation (2105delAAAG) was seen in six apparently unrelated patients. In one of these six, a somatic mutation in the wild-type allele was found in a TSC-assaciated renal carcinoma, which suggests that hamartin acts as a tumor suppressor. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV EXPT MED & MED ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,DEPT CLIN GENET,NL-3000 DR ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ROTTERDAM HOSP,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,MRC,HUMAN BIOCHEM GENET UNIT,LONDON NW1 2HE,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,GALTON LAB,LONDON NW1 2HE,ENGLAND. UNIV BATH,BATH BA2 7AY,AVON,ENGLAND. UNIV WALES COLL MED,INST MED GENET,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. MIT,WHITEHEAD INST BIOMED RES,CTR GENOME RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,ADDENBROOKES NHS TRUST,DEPT PATHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QQ,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,ADDENBROOKES NHS TRUST,DEPT MED GENET,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2QQ,ENGLAND. UNIV CHICAGO,SCH MED,DEPT CHILD NEUROL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MOL NEUROGENET UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02129. CHILDRENS HLTH CTR,DIV CHILD NEUROL,PL-04736 WARSAW,POLAND. RI Ravine, David/A-6797-2008; Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012; MOHD ALI, JOHARI/B-5259-2010 OI MOHD ALI, JOHARI/0000-0002-6884-4280 CR [Anonymous], 1993, CELL, V75, P1305 Au KS, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P559, DOI 10.1136/jmg.33.7.559 Bjornsson J, 1996, AM J PATHOL, V149, P1201 BROOKCARTER PT, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P328, DOI 10.1038/ng1294-328 BROOKES AJ, 1984, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P2011 BUCKLER AJ, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P4005, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.9.4005 Carbonara C, 1996, GENE CHROMOSOME CANC, V15, P18, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199601)15:1<18::AID-GCC3>3.0.CO;2-7 Cook JA, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P480, DOI 10.1136/jmg.33.6.480 Couch FJ, 1996, NAT GENET, V13, P123, DOI 10.1038/ng0596-123 FRYER AE, 1987, LANCET, V1, P659 GANGULY A, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P10325, DOI 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10325 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GOMEZ MR, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37742.x GREEN AJ, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P193, DOI 10.1038/ng0294-193 HAINES JL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P764 Hawkins TL, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P1887, DOI 10.1126/science.276.5320.1887 HAWKINS TL, 1994, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V22, P4543, DOI 10.1093/nar/22.21.4543 HENSKE EP, 1995, ANN HUM GENET, V59, P25, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1995.tb01603.x Henske EP, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P400 Hornigold N, 1997, GENOMICS, V41, P385, DOI 10.1006/geno.1997.4681 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 JANSSEN B, 1994, HUM GENET, V94, P437 JANSSEN LAJ, 1990, GENOMICS, V8, P237, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90277-2 JONES C, 1980, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V28, P181, DOI 10.1159/000131529 KANDT RS, 1992, NAT GENET, V2, P37, DOI 10.1038/ng0992-37 KANDT RS, 1989, EXP NEUROL, V104, P223, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(89)90033-2 KUMAR A, 1997, IN PRESS HUM MUTAT, V9, P64 KUMAR A, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P2295, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.12.2295 KUMAR A, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P1471, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.8.1471 Kwiatkowski David J., 1993, Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, V64, P93, DOI 10.1159/000133566 KWIATKOWSKI DJ, 1994, ARCH DERMATOL, V130, P348, DOI 10.1001/archderm.130.3.348 LUPAS A, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1162, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1162 Nagase T, 1996, DNA Res, V3, P321, DOI 10.1093/dnares/3.5.321 NELLIST M, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P224, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.3.224 NORTHRUP H, 1987, LANCET, V2, P804 ORITA M, 1989, GENOMICS, V5, P874, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90129-8 OSBORNE JP, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37754.x POVEY S, 1994, ANN HUM GENET, V58, P107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1994.tb01881.x POVEY S, 1994, ANN HUM GENET, V58, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1994.tb01887.x ROACH ES, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P221 SAMPSON JR, 1989, J MED GENET, V26, P28, DOI 10.1136/jmg.26.1.28 SAMPSON JR, 1989, J MED GENET, V26, P511, DOI 10.1136/jmg.26.8.511 Sepp T, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P962, DOI 10.1136/jmg.33.11.962 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 Smith RF, 1996, GENOME RES, V6, P454, DOI 10.1101/gr.6.5.454 SOARES MB, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P9228, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.20.9228 VERHOEF S, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P47 WANG Q, IN PRESS HUM MUTAT WEBB DW, 1991, J MED GENET, V28, P417, DOI 10.1136/jmg.28.6.417 WIENECKE R, 1995, J BIOL CHEM, V270, P16409 Wienecke R, 1996, ONCOGENE, V13, P913 Wilson PJ, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P249, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.2.249 Xiao GH, 1997, J BIOL CHEM, V272, P6097 Xu Y, 1994, Genet Eng (N Y), V16, P241 NR 54 TC 823 Z9 830 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 8 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5327 BP 805 EP 808 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XQ247 UT WOS:A1997XQ24700040 PM 9242607 ER PT J AU Haznedar, MM Buchsbaum, MS Metzger, M Solimando, A SpiegelCohen, J Hollander, E AF Haznedar, MM Buchsbaum, MS Metzger, M Solimando, A SpiegelCohen, J Hollander, E TI Anterior cingulate gyrus volume and glucose metabolism in autistic disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 149th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 04-09, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RATIO AB Objective: This study reports the first paired measurements of glucose metabolism and volume of the anterior cingulate gyrus in autism. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans of seven high-functioning autistic patients and seven sex- and age-matched normal volunteers were coregistered. After the anterior cingulate gyri were outlined on the MRI images, the volumes of the structures were measured and corrected for brain volume. The volumes were then applied to the PET images and metabolic maps were obtained. Results: Right anterior cingulate area 24' was significantly smaller in relative volume, and both area 24 and area 24' were metabolically less active, in the autistic patients than in the normal subjects. Conclusions: Autism may be characterized by structural and functional alterations in the anterior cingulate gyrus. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CR ARNDT S, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P79 Bartels P. H., 1976, DIGITAL PROCESSING B, P101 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM BUCHSBAUM MS, 1989, LIFE SCI, V45, P1349, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90021-0 Buchsbaum MS, 1997, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V41, P15, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00097-2 DELIS DC, 1987, CALIFORNIA VERBAL LE DEVINSKY O, 1995, BRAIN, V118, P279, DOI 10.1093/brain/118.1.279 KAPUR S, 1995, NEUROREPORT, V6, P1880, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199510020-00014 KAPUR S, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V5, P2193, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199410270-00051 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Mann JJ, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P174 POLINE JB, 1993, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V13, P425 Roland P. E., 1993, Human Brain Mapping, V1, P3, DOI 10.1002/hbm.460010103 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SIEGEL BV, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P406 Talairach J., 1988, COPLANAR STEREOTAXIC NR 16 TC 119 Z9 121 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 154 IS 8 BP 1047 EP 1050 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XN537 UT WOS:A1997XN53700003 PM 9247387 ER PT J AU Piven, J Bailey, J Ranson, BJ Arndt, S AF Piven, J Bailey, J Ranson, BJ Arndt, S TI An MRT study of the corpus callosum in autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; RHESUS-MONKEY; BRAIN STRUCTURE; ANOMALIES; ELIMINATION; CEREBELLUM; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; DISORDER; CORTEX AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the size of subregions of the corpus callosum in autistic individuals. Method: The areas of three subregions (anterior, body, and posterior) of the corpus callosum were examined on midsagittal magnetic resonance images of 35 autistic subjects whose mean age was 18 years and 36 healthy comparison subjects matched on age and IQ. Results: After controlling for total brain volume, gender, and performance IQ, the authors detected a significantly smaller size of the body and posterior subregions of the corpus callosum in the autistic individuals. Conclusions: In the context of recent reports of increased brain size in autism, several possible mechanisms are considered in exploring the significance of a smaller relative size of the corpus callosum in autism. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RI Arndt, Stephan/A-6976-2013 OI Arndt, Stephan/0000-0003-0783-8204 CR ABOITIZ F, 1992, BRAIN RES, V598, P143, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90178-C ANDREASEN NC, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P125 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P121 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1763, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.22.1763 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, AUTOMATED ATLAS BASE ANDREASEN NC, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V900, P93 Arndt S, 1994, Neuroimage, V1, P191, DOI 10.1006/nimg.1994.1004 ARTHUR G, 1953, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BARKOVICH AJ, 1988, AM J NEURORADIOL, V9, P493 BERTHIER ML, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P236 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, pS10 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 CIZADLO T, 1994, SPIE INT SOC OPTICAL, V2168, P423 COHEN G, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P33, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90012-S COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DAVIDOVITCHM, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P389 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GIEDD JN, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P665 Guerin P, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P203 HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 HSU M, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1160 INNOCETI GM, 1974, EXP BRAIN RES, V19, P447 INNOCENTI GM, 1986, CEREBRAL CORTEX, V5 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V28, P422 LACOSTE MC, 1985, J NEUROPATHOL EXP NE, V44, P578 Lainhart Janet E., 1995, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V7, P392, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199508000-00009 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 LAMANTIA AS, 1990, J NEUROSCI, V10, P2156 LAMANTIA AS, 1990, J COMP NEUROL, V291, P520, DOI 10.1002/cne.902910404 Lassonde M, 1986, 2 HEMISPHERES ONE BR, P385 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Minshew N J, 1997, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V3, P303 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Pandya DN, 1986, 2 HEMISPHERES ONE BR, P47 PARASHOS IA, 1995, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V7, P35 Phelps L., 1988, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V6, P354, DOI 10.1177/073428298800600404 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PURVES D, 1980, SCIENCE, V210, P153, DOI 10.1126/science.7414326 RAUCH R, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V64, P65 Rauch RA, 1996, AM J NEURORADIOL, V17, P27 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 SCHWARTZ ML, 1984, J COMP NEUROL, V226, P403, DOI 10.1002/cne.902260309 STEG JP, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01540677 TSAI LY, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P317 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WITELSON SF, 1989, BRAIN, V112, P799, DOI 10.1093/brain/112.3.799 Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 57 TC 197 Z9 199 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 154 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1056 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XN537 UT WOS:A1997XN53700004 PM 9247388 ER PT J AU Einfeld, SL AF Einfeld, SL TI Intellectual handicap in contemporary psychiatry SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE children and adolescents; intellectual handicap; mental retardation; psychiatric disorder ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; GROWTH; AUTISM AB Objective: To apprise readers of the 'state of play' in the psychiatry of intellectual handicap. Method: A review was conducted of relevant journals and conference abstracts covering a range of scientific aspects of intellectual disability. Those developments considered to be most significant were summarised. In addition, consideration is given to issues relevant to the politics of disability affecting psychiatric practice in Australia. Results: There have been considerable developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of intellectual handicap in pharmacotherapy and the behavioural therapies, in the taxonomy of psychopathology, in epidemiology, in delineation of behaviour phenotypes, and in assessment and measurement of psychopathology. Conclusion: Intellectual handicap and psychiatry have had a chequered relationship in Australia, but the two fields are now clearly moving again to a closer and more productive collaboration. Recent scientific advances have provided a stimulating environment for this increased activity and interest. C1 UNIV NEW S WALES,SCH PSYCHIAT,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. CR AGUILAR LC, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P507 AMAN M, 1985, AM J MENT DEFIC, V5, P485 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 EINFELD SL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02178498 EINFELD S L, 1990, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V16, P71 FERGUSSON DM, 1993, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V22, P891, DOI 10.1093/ije/22.5.891 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GUNN P, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P973, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00610.x GUNTHERGENTA F, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P165, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.2.165 MOSS S, 1993, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V28, P32, DOI 10.1007/BF00797831 PARMENTER T, 1988, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISOR, V14, P14 Simpson G V, 1995, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V44, P76 TONGE BJ, 1994, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V30, P102, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00590.x YU S, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V50, P968 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-8674 J9 AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT JI Aust. N. Z. J. Psych. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.3109/00048679709065064 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XT274 UT WOS:A1997XT27400002 PM 9272252 ER PT J AU Gresham, FM MacMillan, DL AF Gresham, FM MacMillan, DL TI Autistic recovery? An analysis and critique of the empirical evidence on the early intervention project SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; TREATMENT INTEGRITY; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; CHILDREN; REPLICATION; SETTINGS; FUTURE; SKILLS AB The Early intervention Project (EIP) is a discrete-trial treatment program for young, high-functioning children with autism that claims to provide recovery of normal functioning in almost one half of the cases and lead to substantial improvements in an additional 42% of cases. Many school districts across the country are being asked and sued by parents to provide the EIP for a period of 2 to 3 years. We evaluate the EIP according to threats to experimental validity-namely, internal, external, and construct validities. The EIP also is evaluated with respect to treatment integrity issues, which pose threats to all types of experimental validity. Sufficient threats to the experimental validity of the EIP prevent unqualified endorsement of it as a validated treatment for children with autism. The most relevant and serious threats to validity for school districts are those of external validity. Given the background, training, resources/supports, and supervision provided in the original EIP investigation, it probably cannot be exported to school districts with fidelity and is unlikely to produce results similar to those claimed by the EIP authors (Lovaas, 1987, 1993; McEachin, Smith, & Lovaas, 1993; Smith, McEachin, & Lovaas, 1993). School districts are advised to consider the experimental nature of the NP program before agreeing to its adoption for any children with autism and to examine other intervention alternatives. RP Gresham, FM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,SCH EDUC,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson S. R., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P352 BAER DM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P373 BAER DM, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P167, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-167 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bristol MM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF02172002 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x Bryson SE, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02172005 Campbell D. T., 1963, HDB RES TEACHING, P171 Campbell D. T., 1970, COMPENSATORY ED NATI, V3, P185, DOI DOI 10.BRUNNER/MAZEL CARR EG, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P393, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-393 CATTELL P, 1960, MEASUREMENT INTELLIG Cohen J., 1983, APPLIED MULTIPLE REG, V3rd Cook T. D., 1979, QUASIEXPERIMENTATION DEMEYER M, 1974, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V4, P42 Doll E., 1953, MEASUREMENT SOCIAL C DUNLAP G, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P387, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-387 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Fenske E. C., 1985, ANAL INTERVENTION DE, V5, P7 FLYNN JR, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P29, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.1.29 FOXX RM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P375 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P290 Garber Howard L., 1988, MILWAUKEE PROJECT PR *GAT ED PROD, 1995, HOOK PHON GRESHAM FM, 1989, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V18, P37 GRESHAM FM, 1996, DESIGN ANAL SINGLE C, P93 GRESHAM FM, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P257, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-257 GURALNICK M, 1995, ANN M AM ASS U AFF P HARRIS SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02206854 HORNER RH, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-401 Hoyson M., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V8, P157 Johnston J., 1980, STRATEGIES TACTICS H Kazdin AE, 1992, RES DESIGN CLIN PSYC KAZDIN AE, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P377 Kirk RR, 1995, EXPT DESIGN PROCEDUR KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 Koegel R. L., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P41 Koegel R. L., 1991, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT, P65 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 Leiter R. G, 1959, PSYCHOL SERVICE CTR, V11, P1 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LOVAAS OI, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P617, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-617 LOVAAS OI, 1980, TEACHING DEV DIABLED LOVAAS OI, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P165, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.57.1.165 MACE FC, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P385, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-385 McCall R., 1979, HDB INFANT DEV, P707 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MESIBOV GB, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P379 MONCHER FJ, 1991, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V11, P247, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 MUNDY P, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P381 NEWSOM C, 1989, TREATMENT CHILDHOOD, P286 ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 ODOM SL, 1984, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V54, P544 PETERSON L, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-477 RAGLAND EU, 1978, BEHAV MODIF, V2, P565, DOI 10.1177/014544557824008 REPP AC, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-281 Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SMITH T, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P385 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STEVENS SS, 1946, SCIENCE, V103, P677, DOI 10.1126/science.103.2684.677 STINE WW, 1989, PSYCHOL BULL, V105, P147 Strain P. S., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V9, P105 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 THORNDIKE RL, 1972, MANUAL STANFORDBINET Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WIRT RD, 1977, MULTIDIMENSIONAL DES Wodarski J S, 1974, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V2, P239, DOI 10.1007/BF00918891 YEATON WH, 1981, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V49, P156, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.49.2.156 ZIGLER E, 1968, CHILD DEV, V39, P1, DOI 10.2307/1127353 NR 73 TC 38 Z9 38 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 0198-7429 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 185 EP 201 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA YA064 UT WOS:A1997YA06400001 ER PT J AU Smith, T Lovaas, OI AF Smith, T Lovaas, OI TI The UCLA young autism project: A reply to Gresham and MacMillan SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; REPLICATION; INTERVENTION; DISORDER AB Gresham and MacMillan's (1997) article contains numerous misunderstandings about the UCLA Young Autism Project (Lovaas, 1987) and, more generally, about early intervention for children with autism. Thus, it hinders parents and professionals from selecting appropriate services for these children. We identify the misunderstandings in the article and describe recent work on replicating and disseminating the UCLA Project. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Smith, T (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. CR ALPERN GD, 1967, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V72, P478, DOI 10.1037/h0025240 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson S. R., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P352 BAER DM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P373 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 Bristol MM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF02172002 CAMPBELL DT, 1966, EXPT QUASI-EXPT DESI CARR EG, 1976, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V4, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF00916518 COHEN HG, 1997, UNPUB PYRAMID BUILDI Cronbach L. J., 1990, ESSENTIALS PSYCHOL T, V5th Dawson G., 1996, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307 EIKESETH S, 1996, ANN M ASS BEH AN SAN FENSKE EC, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P49, DOI 10.1016/S0270-4684(85)80005-7 FOXX RM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P375 Freeman B. J., 1976, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V1, P18, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/1.3.18 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P290 Green G, 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P29 Gresham FM, 1997, BEHAV DISORDERS, V22, P185 HARRIS SL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02207325 Hoyson M., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V8, P157 JACOBSON JW, 1996, RISK COST BENEFIT AN JADA JW, 1989, THESIS U CALIFORNIA Johnston J., 1980, STRATEGIES TACTICS H JOHNSTON JM, 1988, BEHAV ANALYST, V11, P1 Kazdin AE, 1992, RES DESIGN CLIN PSYC KAZDIN AE, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P377 KAZDIN AE, 1993, METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LORD C, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P167 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, 5 VIDEO TAPES TEACHI Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lovaas O. I., 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P285 LOVAAS OI, 1989, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V20, P17 LOVAAS OI, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P617, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-617 LOVAAS OI, 1965, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V2, P67, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(65)90016-0 LOVAAS OI, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P165, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.57.1.165 MARCUS LM, 1993, TESTING YOUNG CHILDR, P319 MAURICE C, 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MESIBOV GB, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P379 MORTENSEN M, 1996, REPLICATIONS UCLA YO MUNDY P, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P381 NAGLIERI JA, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V85, P548 NEWSOM C, 1989, TREATMENT CHILDHOOD, P286 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 ROGERS SJ, 1991, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V11, P29 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P241 SCHOPLER E, 1989, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V57, P162 SCHOPLER E, 1987, AM PSYCHOL, V42, P376, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.42.4.376 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SMITH T, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P317 SMITH T, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P385 SMITH T, IN PRESS AM J MENTAL Smith T., 1993, EFFECTIVE PSYCHOTHER, P107 SMITH T, 1996, REPLICATIONS UCLA YO VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P493 WATERHOUSE L, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P236, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00287.x Wechsler D., 1993, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 0198-7429 J9 BEHAV DISORDERS JI Behav. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 202 EP 218 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA YA064 UT WOS:A1997YA06400002 ER PT J AU Rutter, M AF Rutter, M TI Implications of genetic research for child psychiatry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Review DE genetics; clinical implications; autism; hyperactivity; depression; conduct disorder; schizophrenia; Tourette's syndrome; nature-nurture interplay ID STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; TOURETTE SYNDROME; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; RESEARCH STRATEGIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; LONGITUDINAL TWIN; FAMILY HISTORY; PARENTAL LOSS; DRUG-ABUSE AB Objective: To review implications of genetic research in child psychiatry. Method: Key advances in quantitative and molecular genetics are noted and findings are summarized with respect to autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusions: Genetic findings will be helpful clinically in the elucidation of disordered brain processes, the understanding of nature-nurture interplay diagnosis, genetic counselling, and pharmacotherapy. C1 INST PSYCHIAT, MRC, CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT, LONDON, ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT, SOCIAL GENET & DEV PSYCHIAT RES CTR, LONDON, ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 CR ANGOLD A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P739 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Berrettini WH, 1997, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V54, P27 Biederman Joseph, 1995, P61 Blacker D, 1997, NEUROLOGY, V48, P139 BOHMAN M, 1996, GENETICS CRIMINAL AN, V194, P99 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Cadoret RJ, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P892 CADORET RJ, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P42 Capecchi M. R., 1994, Scientific American (International Edition), V270 CAPRON C, 1989, NATURE, V340, P552, DOI 10.1038/340552a0 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 CARON C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1063, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00350.x Cloninger CR, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P3, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-3 CRABBE JC, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1715, DOI 10.1126/science.8209252 DAVIES KE, 1992, NATURE, V356, P15, DOI 10.1038/356015a0 DeteraWadleigh SD, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P1279 Dilalla L. F., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P339, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000511 EAVES L, 1994, NATURE NURTURE PSYCH, P285 EAVES LJ, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY ERLENMEYERKIMLING L, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P857 FALK CT, 1987, ANN HUM GENET, V51, P227, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1987.tb00875.x FLINT J, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P132, DOI 10.1038/ng0295-132 Foley DL, 1996, PSYCHOL MED, V26, P1239 Gershon ES, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P202, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960409)67:2<202::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-N Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 Gjone H, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P588, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199605000-00013 GOODMAN R, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P212 GOTTESMAN II, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA GENETI GOTTESMAN II, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P867 Grigorenko EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P27 Harrington R, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P601 HARRINGTON R, IN PRESS J AFFECT DI HARRINGTON RC, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P627, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.5.627 HEWITT JK, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY HOLLIS C, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V166, P489, DOI 10.1192/bjp.166.4.489 KENDLER KS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P716 KENDLER KS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P109 KENDLER KS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P257 KENDLER KS, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P843 KENDLER KS, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P833 KENDLER KS, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P853 KENDLER KS, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P749 Kendler KS, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P1534 Kendler KS, 1996, PSYCHOL MED, V26, P79 KOVACS M, IN PRESS ARCH GEN PS KRUGLYAK I, 1994, GENETICS, V139, P1421 Lahey B. B., 1995, CONDUCT DISORDERS CH, P27 LANDER ES, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P2037, DOI 10.1126/science.8091226 Lander ES, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P536, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5287.536 LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 LYONS MJ, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P906 MCGRATH J, 1994, NEURAL DEV SCHIZOPHR, P203 MCGUFFIN P, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P385 MCGUFFIN P, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P165 MCKENZIE K, 1995, BRIT MED J, V311, P1325 MCKENZIE K, IN PRESS ETHNICITY A MCMAHON FJ, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P277 MEDNICK SA, 1995, NEURAL DEV SCHIZOPHR MOFFITT TE, 1993, PSYCHOL REV, V100, P674, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674 MOLDIN SO, 1994, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V20, P169 Murray RM, 1995, NEUROL PSYCHIAT BR, V3, P167 NICHOLLS RD, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P733 Owen M., 1994, SEMINARS PSYCHIAT GE PAKSTIS AJ, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P281 PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 PAULS DL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1044, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025 PAULS DL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P154 PELTONEN L, 1995, NATURE, V378, P665, DOI 10.1038/378665a0 PETRONIS A, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P164 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 Pike A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P695, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01461.x Pike A, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P590, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.32.4.590 PLOMIN R, 1997, BEHAVIORAL GENETICS PLOMIN R, 1987, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V10, P1 PLOMIN R, 1991, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V14, P373 PLOMIN R, 1994, NATURE NURTURE PSYCH PLOMIN R, IN PRESS CHILD DEV Plomin R., 1994, GENETICS EXPERIENCE PRICE RA, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P815 PULVER AE, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P252, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600316 REISS D, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P925 Risch N, 1996, SCIENCE, V273, P1516, DOI 10.1126/science.273.5281.1516 RUBINSZTEIN DC, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P223 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02272.x RUTTER M, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P185, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540305 RUTTER M, IN PRESS OVERLAPPING RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x RUTTER M, IN PRESS NEBRASKA S, V44 RUTTER M, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOP RUTTER M, IN PRESS HDB ANTISOC RUTTER M, IN PRESS ARCH GEN PS RUTTER M, 1996, AM PSYCHOL, V52, P390 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x RUTTER M, IN PRESS BR J PSYCHI RUTTER M, 1990, EUR NETWORK, V3, P32 SCHIFF M, 1989, ED CLASS IRRELEVANCE Silberg J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P803, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01476.x Silberg J, 1996, CIBA F SYMP, V194, P76 SIMONOFF E, 1996, EMERY RIMOINS PRINCI, P1791 Simonoff E, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01404.x SIMONOFF E, IN PRESS ARCH GEN PS Skuse DH, 1997, NATURE, V387, P705, DOI 10.1038/42706 SPIELMAN RS, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P506 STEVENSON J, 1992, BEHAV GENET, V22, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF01066665 STINE OC, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P3184 Straub RE, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P148, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000258 Taylor E, 1991, MAUDSLEY MONOGRAPHS, V33 THAPAR A, 1995, BEHAV GENET, V25, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02327577 THAPAR A, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P259, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.2.259 THAPAR A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P439, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01301.x TIENARI P, 1994, BR J PSYCHIAT S164, V23, pS20 Wyatt RJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P11 NR 114 TC 9 Z9 9 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVENUE WEST, STE 701, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0706-7437 J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 569 EP 576 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XT854 UT WOS:A1997XT85400002 PM 9288418 ER PT J AU Courchesne, E AF Courchesne, E TI Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism (vol 7, pg 269, 1997) SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition CR Courchesne E, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0959-4388 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 568 EP 568 DI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80038-4 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XV562 UT WOS:A1997XV56200017 ER PT J AU Klauck, SM Munstermann, E BieberMartig, B Ruhl, D Lisch, S Schmotzer, G Poustka, A Poustka, F AF Klauck, SM Munstermann, E BieberMartig, B Ruhl, D Lisch, S Schmotzer, G Poustka, A Poustka, F TI Molecular genetic analysis of the FMR-1 gene in a large collection of autistic patients SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; I GENE; MUTATION; REGION; TWIN; DNA; PHENOTYPE; PAIRS; MALES AB A genetic etiology in autism is now strongly supported by family and twin studies. A 3:1 ratio of affected males to females suggests the involvement of at least one X-linked locus in the disease, Several reports have indicated an association of the fragile X chromosomal anomaly at Xq27.3 (FRAXA) with autism, whereas others have not supported this finding. We have so far collected blood from 105 simplex and 18 multiplex families and have assessed 141 patients by using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale, and psychometric tests. All four ADI-R algorithm criteria were met by 131 patients (93%), whereas 10 patients (7%) showed a broader phenotype of autism. Southern blot analysis was performed with three different enzymes, and filters were hybridized to an FMR-1-specific probe to detect amplification of the CCG repeat at FRAXA. to the complete FMR-1 cDNA probe. and to additional probes from the neighborhood of the gene. No significant changes were found in 139 patients (99%) from 122 families, other than the normal variations in the population In the case of one multiplex familiy with three children showing no dysmorphic features of the fragile X syndrome (one male meeting 3 out of 4 ADI-algorithm criteria, one normal male with slight learning disability but negative ADI-R testing and one fully autistic female), the FRAXA full-mutation-specific CCG-repeat expansion in the genotype was not correlated with the autism phenotype. Further analysis revealed a mosaic pattern of methylation at the FMR-1 gene locus in the two sons of the family, indicating at least a partly functional gene. Therefore, we conclude that the association of autism with fragile X at Xq27.3 is non-existent and exclude this location as a candidate gene region for autism. C1 UNIV FRANKFURT,KLIN PSYCHIAT & PSYCHOTHERAPIE KINDES & JUGENDALT,D-60590 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. RP Klauck, SM (reprint author), DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,NEUENHEIMER FELD 280,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 DEBOULLE K, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P31, DOI 10.1038/ng0193-31 DIETRICH A, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P2567, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.10.2567 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 GEDEON AK, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P341, DOI 10.1038/ng0892-341 HAGERMAN R, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P157, DOI 10.1038/ng0692-157 HAGERMAN RJ, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P298, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510404 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T HALLMAYER J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P951 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 Poustka F, 1996, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V29, P145 REISS AL, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P331, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-331 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RUHL D, 1995, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V23, P95 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMEETS HJM, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P2103, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.11.2103 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SUTHERS GK, 1989, SCIENCE, V246, P1298, DOI 10.1126/science.2573953 VENTER PA, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF00270567 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H Vincent JB, 1996, MOL PSYCHIATR, V1, P227 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 WEEKS DE, 1995, TRENDS GENET, V11, P513, DOI 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89163-5 WOHRLE D, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V51, P299 World Health Organization, 1993, ICD10 CLASS MENT BEH YU S, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1179, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 100 IS 2 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s004390050495 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XL686 UT WOS:A1997XL68600015 PM 9254854 ER PT J AU IshikawaBrush, Y Powell, JF Bolton, P Miller, AP Francis, F Willard, HF Lehrach, H Monaco, AP AF IshikawaBrush, Y Powell, JF Bolton, P Miller, AP Francis, F Willard, HF Lehrach, H Monaco, AP TI Autism and multiple exostoses associated with an X;8 translocation occurring within the GRPR gene and 3' to the SDC2 gene SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; GASTRIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE; PROTEIN-CODING REGIONS; 6-MB YAC-CONTIG; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BOMBESIN RECEPTOR; CELL-SURFACE; HUMAN DNA; EXPRESSION AB An X;8 translocation was identified in a 27-year-old female patient manifesting multiple exostoses and autism accompanied by mental retardation and epilepsy. Through molecular analysis using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and cosmid clones, the translocation breakpoint was isolated and confirmed to be reciprocal within a 5'-GGCA-3' sequence found on both X and 8 chromosomes without gain or loss of a single nucleotide. The translocation breakpoint on the X chromosome occurred in the first intron of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GPPR) gene and that on chromosome 8 occurred similar to 30 kb distal to the 3' end of the Syndecan-2 gene (SDC2), also known as human heparan sulfate proteoglycan or fibroglycan. The GRPR gene was shown to escape X-inactivation. A dosage effect of the GRPR and a position effect of the SDC2 gene may, however, contribute the phenotype observed in this patient since the orientation of these genes with respect to the translocation was incompatible with the formation of a fusion gene. Investigation of mutations in these two genes in unrelated patients with either autism or multiple exostoses as well as linkage and association studies is needed to validate them as candidate genes. C1 UNIV OXFORD,WELLCOME TRUST CTR HUMAN GENET,OXFORD OX3 7BN,ENGLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT NEUROSCI,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,SECT DEV PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT GENET,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CTR HUMAN GENET,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. MAX PLANCK INST MOL GENET,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RI Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Powell, John/G-4412-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Powell, John/0000-0001-6124-439X; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR AHN J, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P137, DOI 10.1038/ng1095-137 ALITALO T, 1995, GENOMICS, V25, P691, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80012-B BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY AJ, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P7 BAXENDALE S, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P6651, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.23.6651 BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BOLTON P, 1995, PSYCHIATR GENET, V5, P51, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199522000-00001 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BROWN CJ, 1990, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V18, P4191, DOI 10.1093/nar/18.14.4191 BUCKLE VJ, 1993, HUMAN GENETIC DIS AN, P59 BUCKLER AJ, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P4005, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.9.4005 BURD L, 1988, CLIN GENET, V33, P356 CHURCH GM, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P1991, DOI 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991 COOK A, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P71 CORJAY MH, 1991, J BIOL CHEM, V266, P18771 DAVID G, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V119, P841 DOHLMAN HG, 1987, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V26, P2657, DOI 10.1021/bi00384a001 EDEN MS, 1985, CLIN GENET, V28, P375 FANTES J, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P415, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.3.415 FEINBERG AP, 1983, ANAL BIOCHEM, V132, P6, DOI 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FRANCIS F, 1994, GENOMICS, V20, P75, DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1129 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P313 GILLBERG C, 1992, CLIN DEV MED GISH W, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P266, DOI 10.1038/ng0393-266 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 HECHT JT, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P1125 LARIN Z, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P4123, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4123 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Lee MP, 1997, NAT GENET, V15, P181, DOI 10.1038/ng0297-181 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MANDEL JL, 1992, SCIENCE, V258, P103, DOI 10.1126/science.1439756 MARINER R, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF01531709 MARYNEN P, 1989, J BIOL CHEM, V264, P7017 McKusick V., 1994, MENDELIAN INHERITANC MIGEON BR, 1982, NATURE, V299, P838, DOI 10.1038/299838a0 MILLER AP, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P731, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.4.731 MONACO AP, 1985, NATURE, V316, P542 MONACO AP, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P3315, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.12.3315 NIZETIC D, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P3233, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3233 RAO PN, 1994, HUM GENET, V94, P149 RISCH N, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P222 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SCHMALE GA, 1994, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V76A, P986 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SOLURSH M, 1990, DEV BIOL, V140, P83, DOI 10.1016/0012-1606(90)90055-N SPINDEL ER, 1986, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V83, P19, DOI 10.1073/pnas.83.1.19 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x Stickens D, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P25, DOI 10.1038/ng0996-25 Tagle Danilo A., 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P121, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.2.121 TULLY EM, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, pA37 UBERBACHER EC, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P11261, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11261 Vostanis P., 1994, Psychiatric Genetics, V4, P109, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199422000-00008 WADA E, 1991, NEURON, V6, P421, DOI 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90250-4 WANG DS, 1994, LAB INVEST, V70, P775 WILLARD HF, 1993, COLD SPRING HARB SYM, V58, P315 Wuyts W, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P1547, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.10.1547 YOSHIURA K, 1994, GENE CHROMOSOME CANC, V9, P57, DOI 10.1002/gcc.2870090110 NR 59 TC 72 Z9 74 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1250 DI 10.1093/hmg/6.8.1241 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XN408 UT WOS:A1997XN40800006 PM 9259269 ER PT J AU McGee, GG Feldman, RS Morrier, MJ AF McGee, GG Feldman, RS Morrier, MJ TI Benchmarks of social treatment for children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PLAY; BEHAVIOR; AGE; PRESCHOOLERS; SKILLS; PEERS AB Data on the social behavior of typical children may inform practitioners and researchers regarding the appropriate goals of intervention for children with autism. This study assessed the ongoing levels of naturally occurring social behavior in 64 preschool-aged children. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to analyze population (children with autism and typical children) and age (3 years 3 months vs. 4 years 4 months) differences at the time of preschool entry. Predictable population differences were found for key social behaviors of proximity to children, social bids from children, and focus of engagement on children, as well as for behavioral context variables of verbalizations, adult focus, and atypical behaviors. No differences were found in the amount of time spent focused on toys or objects. There were also no differences in the presenting behaviors of younger and older children with autism. Results are discussed in terms of implications for establishing early social intervention goals. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP McGee, GG (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,EMORY AUTISM RESOURCE CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,718 GATEWOOD RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI McGee, Gail/C-5355-2013 CR Adamson L. B., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P205 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARNES KE, 1971, DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P99, DOI 10.1037/h0031078 BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 COLE DA, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P160 DALY T, 1993, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 ELLIS S, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P399 ENTWISLE DR, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1521, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00833.x FELDMAN RS, 1993, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V17, P1 FREEMAN BJ, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02408293 GUARALNICK MJ, 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, pCH3 HARRIS MR, 1985, FOLIA PHONIATR, V37, P119 HUTTENLOCHER PR, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P488 LORD C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 MCCALL RB, 1977, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V43 MCCONNELL SR, 1990, J SPEC EDUC, V24, P473 MCGEE GG, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P237 MCGEE GG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MUELLER E, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P854 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 MUNDY P, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF01487065 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 RUBIN KH, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P651, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb03437.x Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT STONE WL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P267 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb01758.x VOLKMAR FR, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P71 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1023/A:1025849220209 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800002 PM 9261663 ER PT J AU Libby, S Powell, S Messer, D Jordan, R AF Libby, S Powell, S Messer, D Jordan, R TI Imitation of pretend play acts by children with autism and Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; NEWBORN-INFANTS; GESTURES; COMMUNICATION; COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE; DOWNS AB Although there has recently been considerable research interest in the difficulties that children with autism have engaging in pretend play, little attention has been paid to the ability of these children to imitate pretend play acts. Furthermore, suggestions that children with Down syndrome have relatively advanced abilities in pretend play have not been accompanied by an examination of their capacity to imitate pretend play. Three groups of children: autistic. Down syndrome, and normally developing were studied for their capacity to imitate single pretend acts and a series of pretend acts that formed scripts, While the children with autism were surprisingly better than the other two groups on the single-scheme task, they demonstrated specific difficulties on the multischeme task. Results are discussed in relation to current theories of autism and the notion of imitation. C1 UNIV HERTFORDSHIRE,HATFIELD AL10 9AB,HERTS,ENGLAND. UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP Libby, S (reprint author), UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY CT2 7NP,KENT,ENGLAND. CR ABRAHAMSEN EP, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02206858 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ATLAS JA, 1990, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V21, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF00706120 Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Bretherton I, 1984, SYMBOLIC PLAY DEV SO CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 Egel A. L., 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUT Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x FRITH U, 1989, AUTISM UNDERSTANDING HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HEIMANN M, 1992, BEHAV NEUROL, V5, P219, DOI 10.3233/BEN-1992-5404 HILL PM, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03087.x JARROLD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02172127 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 JORDAN R, 1993, CRITICAL INFLUENCES KAVANAUGH RD, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P847, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.847 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 Loveland K., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MCEVOY RE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF02211883 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MELTZOFF AN, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P954, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.25.6.954 MELTZOFF AN, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P75, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4312.75 MELTZOFF AN, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P702, DOI 10.2307/1130058 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x MOTTI F, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P1168, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00537.x OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 Reynell J, 1987, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 SHIMADA S, 1990, RIEEC REPORT, V39, P55 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P149 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 STONE WL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P267 THAL D, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P115 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 VYGOTSKII LS, 1964, THOUGHT LANGUAGE WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WULFF SB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531600 NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 365 EP 383 DI 10.1023/A:1025801304279 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800003 PM 9261664 ER PT J AU Joseph, RM TagerFlusberg, H AF Joseph, RM TagerFlusberg, H TI An investigation of attention and affect in children with autism and Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; INFANTS; MOTHERS; COMMUNICATION AB Longitudinal videotape recordings of six young children with autism and six age- and language-matched children with Down syndrome in structured play with their mothers at home were coded for the focus of the child's visual attention for four bimonthly visits and for facial affect for two of the four visits. The main finding was that the children with autism showed reduced expression of positive affect in a familiar social context. The autistic group attended to the mother's face and the researchers only about half as much as the Down syndrome group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Compared to the Down syndrome group, the autistic group displayed a smaller proportion of their total positive affect toward the mother's face and toward the researcher bur only the latter group difference reached statistical significance. Although limited by the small sample size, these findings suggest that autistic children's known deficits in attention and affective responsiveness to others persist even in structured interactions with a familiar partner in the home. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOSTON,MA 02125. RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009; Joseph, Roy/D-8530-2015 CR ADAMSON LB, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P582, DOI 10.2307/1129748 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARCUS D, 1991, BIENN C SOC RES CHIL BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BERGER J, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P678 BLOOM L, 1988, LIFE SPAN DEV BEHAV DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DAWSON G, 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V22, P151 FEINMAN S, 1982, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V28, P445 HUTT C, 1966, BEHAV SCI, V11, P346, DOI 10.1002/bs.3830110504 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KASARI C, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P55 KASARI C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004491 Knapp ML, 1980, ESSENTIALS NONVERBAL LANDRY SH, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P488 LEITER R, 1974, TESTS PRINT, V2 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF01531588 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x RICHER JM, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V53, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00074.x Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206853 TRAD PV, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF01046225 TRONICK EZ, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P112, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.44.2.112 Volkmar F. R., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000596 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x WINER BJ, 1978, STATISTICAL PRINCIPL Wing L., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI WYGOTSKY L, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 385 EP 396 DI 10.1023/A:1025853321118 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800004 PM 9261665 ER PT J AU Mazzocco, MMM Kates, WR Baumgardner, TL Freund, LS Reiss, AL AF Mazzocco, MMM Kates, WR Baumgardner, TL Freund, LS Reiss, AL TI Autistic behaviors among girls with fragile X syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Consensus for Biological Bases and Clinical Perspectives on Autism CY OCT 06, 1995 CL TROINA, ITALY ID FMR-1 FULL MUTATION; DSM-III-R; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; CEREBELLAR; PHENOTYPE; FEMALES; ABNORMALITIES; MALES; NEUROBIOLOGY AB Reports of autistic behaviors were examined for 30 school-age girls with fragile X (fraX) and 31 age- and IQ-matched controls through a structured interview administered to each girl's parent(s). IQ scores were obtained for each participant; anxiety neuroanatomical, and molecular-genetic data were derived for girls with fraX. Girls with fraX had significantly more autistic behaviors than controls, These behaviors were qualitatively similar to those reported for boys with fraX, but were not correlated with IQ. Anxiety in girls with fraX was positively correlated with abnormal social and communication behaviors; posterior cerebellar vermis area was negatively correlated with measures of communication and stereotypic/restricted behaviors. Severity of stereotypic/restricted behaviors was negatively correlated with the prevalence of active non-fraX chromosomes, Thus anxiety and posterior cerebellar area measures had distinct associations with subsets of autistic behaviors; these associations may have important implications for understanding the neurobiology of autism. RP Mazzocco, MMM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,BEHAV NEUROGENET & NEUROIMAGING RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR ABRAMS M, 1996, MENT RETARDATION DEV, V1, P269 Abrams MT, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P187 ABRAMS MT, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P317, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510407 ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON B, 1994, BRAIN RES, V641, P160, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91831-7 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMGARDNER T, 1992, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V4, P609, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199208000-00008 BAUMGARDNER TL, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P744 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AM J ROENTGENOL, V153, P829 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 CRISPINO L, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P2917, DOI 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2917 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FENG Y, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P106 FISCH GS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P71 FREUND LS, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOP FREUND LS, 1997, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY GILLBERG C, 1995, CLIN CHILD NEUROPSYC, P54, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511570094.007 Hagerman R. J., 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P173 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230129 Hagerman RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HAINES DE, 1995, NEUROANATOMY ATLAS S HUANG CM, 1986, BRAIN RES, V371, P101, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90815-2 HUEBNER RA, 1992, AM J OCCUPATIONAL TH, V46 JOSEPH JW, 1978, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V15, P141, DOI 10.1159/000123776 KEMPER MB, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P139, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230109 KERBY DS, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P455 KOVAR CG, 1997, UNPUB NEUROCOGNITIVE LEVITAS A, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P151, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198309000-00002 LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87 MACPHERSON JN, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P399, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.3.399 MAZZOCCO M, 1997, UNPUB AUTISTIC BEHAV MAZZOCCO MMM, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P470, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.4.470 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P78, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430112 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1993, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V14, P328 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P884 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1995, NATURE GENETICS REISS AL, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P35, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 REISS AL, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44 REISS AL, 1995, UNPUB BRAIN DEV GEND REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 REISS AL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P279 ROUSSEAU F, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P225 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SHERMAN SL, 1991, PROG CLIN BIOL RES, V368, P79 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 TANG ZW, 1987, ANAT EMBRYOL, V175, P521, DOI 10.1007/BF00309687 UNGERER J, 1985, CHILDREN EMOTIONAL D, P137 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H Wechsler D., 1974, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P665, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180607 NR 61 TC 55 Z9 56 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 415 EP 435 DI 10.1023/A:1025857422026 PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800006 PM 9261667 ER PT J AU Findling, RL Maxwell, K ScoteseWojtila, L Huang, J Yamashita, T Wiznitzer, M AF Findling, RL Maxwell, K ScoteseWojtila, L Huang, J Yamashita, T Wiznitzer, M TI High-dose pyridoxine and magnesium administration in children with autistic disorder: An absence of salutary effects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; RATING-SCALE; NALTREXONE; VITAMIN-B6; CLOMIPRAMINE; TRIAL; METHYLPHENIDATE; HALOPERIDOL AB Several reports have described salutary effects such as decreased physical aggression and improved social responsiveness being associated with the administration of high doses of pyridoxine and magnesium (HDPM) in open-labeled and controlled studies of patients with autism. Despite this fact, this intervention remains controversial. A 10-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to examine both the efficacy and safety of HDPM in autism. Twelve patients were enrolled, and 10 patients (mean age 6 years 3 months) were able to complete the study. HDPM at an average dose of 638.9 mg of pyridoxine and 216.3 mg of magnesium oxide was ineffective in ameliorating autistic behaviors as assessed by the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale, and the NIMH Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Furthermore, no clinically significant side effects were noted during HDPM administration A trend for a transient change on the CPRS was found that was possibly due to a placebo response. This study raises doubts about the clinical effectiveness of HDPM in autistic disorder. C1 UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Findling, RL (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,11100 EUCLID AVE,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. CR *AM AC PED COMM NU, 1976, PEDIATRICS, V58, P910 AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1047 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 COLEMAN M, 1979, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V14, P741 DEVEAUGHGEISS J, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P45, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00008 DILALLA DL, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02172092 DOLSKE MC, 1993, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V17, P765, DOI 10.1016/0278-5846(93)90058-Z EISENBERG DM, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P246, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199301283280406 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 Frankhauser M. P., 1992, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V53, P77 GILLBERG C, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P624 GONZALEZ NM, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V30, P203 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GORDON CT, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P363 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 HANNING RM, 1985, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V32, P429 INSEL TR, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P605 JAKOBS C, 1993, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V16, P704, DOI 10.1007/BF00711902 JASELSKIS CA, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P322 KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 LEVENTHAL BL, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P307 MARTINEAU J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF02212198 MARTINEAU J, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P511, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90192-7 MARTINEAU J, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P467, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90019-8 MCLACHLAN RS, 1995, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V22, P50 MENAGE P, 1992, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V5, P326 National Institute of Mental Health, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P839 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V44, P708, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198809)44:5<708::AID-JCLP2270440507>3.0.CO;2-T PAULING L, 1974, AM J PSYCHIAT, V131, P1251 PFEIFFER SI, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF02178295 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 RIMLAND B, 1988, J CHILD NEUROLOGY S, V38, pS68 RIMLAND B, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P472 SCHAUMBURG H, 1983, NEW ENGL J MED, V309, P445, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198308253090801 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCHULZ KF, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V273, P408, DOI 10.1001/jama.273.5.408 SPIGELBLATT L, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V94, P811 TOLBERT L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF01066428 WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 WOLRAICH ML, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V274, P1617, DOI 10.1001/jama.274.20.1617 NR 44 TC 55 Z9 56 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 467 EP 478 DI 10.1023/A:1025861522935 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800008 PM 9261669 ER PT J AU Simon, N AF Simon, N TI Autism and the inferior colliculus SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID AUDIOGENIC-SEIZURES; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RATS C1 WESTBOROUGH STATE HOSP,WESTBOROUGH,MA. CR BURCHFIELD DJ, 1993, DEV BRAIN RES, V73, P283, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90148-4 CASPARY DM, 1995, EXP GERONTOL, V30, P349, DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(94)00052-5 DAVIS E, 1992, J NATL MED ASSOC, V84, P315 FAINGOLD CL, 1995, EXP NEUROL, V132, P91, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(95)90062-4 KAWAI K, 1995, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V15, P248 NANSON JL, 1992, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V16, P558, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01417.x NEHLIG A, 1995, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V15, P259 SIMON N, 1975, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V32, P1439 SIMON N, 1990, MED HYPOTHESES, V32, P169, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(90)90119-Y SOKOLOFF L, 1981, J CEREBR BLOOD F MET, V1, P7 WINDLE W F, 1969, Scientific American, V221, P76 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 494 EP 496 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XP258 UT WOS:A1997XP25800012 PM 9261672 ER PT J AU Piven, J Saliba, K Bailey, J Arndt, S AF Piven, J Saliba, K Bailey, J Arndt, S TI An MRI study of autism: The cerebellum revisited SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA; BRAIN STRUCTURE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HYPOPLASIA; NEUROANATOMY; INDIVIDUALS; VERMIS; STEM; SIZE; VII AB We addressed the controversies surrounding the size of the neocerebellar vermis in autism and examined cerebellar size in light of recent reports of enlarged brain size in this disorder. In this study we use detailed MRI (1.5 mm) to examine the area of cerebellar lobules I through V and VI and VII and the volume of the total cerebellum in 35 autistic subjects and 36 controls. No abnormalities in the size of cerebellar lobules VI and VII in autistic individuals were detected, but the volume of the total cerebellum was significantly increased. We conclude that selective neocerebellar size abnormalities are not present in autistic individuals. Enlarged total cerebellar volume detected in this study is consistent with previous reports of regional brain enlargement in autism and also consistent with theories hypothesizing that the primary defect in autism is the result of abnormal development of a distributed neural network involving a number of regions of the brain. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDREASEN NC, 1994, AUTOMATIC ATLAS BASE ANDREASEN NC, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P125 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P121 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1763, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.22.1763 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P130 Andreasen NC, 1996, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V20, P98, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199601000-00018 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V900, P93 ANDREASEN NC, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P515 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 Arndt S, 1994, Neuroimage, V1, P191, DOI 10.1006/nimg.1994.1004 ARNDT S, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P79 ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V34, P1225 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P985 CIZADLO T, 1994, P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS, V2168, P234, DOI 10.1117/12.174396 COHEN G, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P33, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90012-S COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02178164 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 HASHIMOTO T, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P149 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 PIVEN J, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE PIVEN J, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 Rauch RA, 1996, AM J NEURORADIOL, V17, P27 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 TALAIRACH H, 1988, COPLANAR STEREOTAXIC Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 45 TC 115 Z9 118 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG PY 1997 VL 49 IS 2 BP 546 EP 551 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XR937 UT WOS:A1997XR93700040 PM 9270594 ER PT J AU Elia, M Manfre, L Ferri, R Musumeci, SA Panerai, S Bottitta, M Scuderi, C DelGracco, S Stefanini, MC AF Elia, M Manfre, L Ferri, R Musumeci, SA Panerai, S Bottitta, M Scuderi, C DelGracco, S Stefanini, MC TI Brain morphometry and psychobehavioural measures in autistic low-functioning subjects SO RIVISTA DI NEURORADIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE autism; magnetic resonance imaging; psychoeducational profile revised; childhood autism rating scale; midbrain; corpus callosum ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; 4TH VENTRICLE; CEREBELLAR; ABNORMALITY; SIZE; HYPOPLASIA; ABSENCE AB In the last two decades neurological research has significantly increased knowledge on the neuroanatomic bases of autism. Several autopsy and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities which may underlie the social, language and cognitive dysfunction typical of the autistic disorder. Despite the wealth of evidence that the ''autistic brain'' is different from normal in a number of structures, the relationship between the severity of the developmental impairment in autism and the degree of the brain abnormality remains unknown. The aim of the present study is to correlate the areas of some brain regions, as calculated on the basis of MRI morphometry, with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and with the Psychoeducational Profile Revised (PEP-R) scores in a group of 22 autistic mentally retarded male subjects. C1 IRCCS,NEUROL SERV,TROINA,ITALY. IRCCS,SERV PSICOL,TROINA,ITALY. IRCCS,SERV OASI,TROINA,ITALY. IRCCS,IST RIC RITARDO MENTALE & INVECCHIAMENTO CEREBRAL,TROINA,ITALY. UNIV PALERMO,IST RADIOL P CIGNOLINI,I-90133 PALERMO,ITALY. RI Ferri, Raffaele/B-5439-2013 CR ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN M L, 1990, Neurology, V40, P359 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ACTA NEUROBIOL EXP, V54, P151 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P399 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 GAZZANIGA MS, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P942 HASHIMOTO T, 1988, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HSU M, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1160 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LASSONDE M, 1985, 2 HEMISPHERES 1 BRAI, P385 MOHR B, 1994, NEUROSCI LETT, V81, P17 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 OKUSKY J, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V24, P379, DOI 10.1002/ana.410240305 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1983, INT J NEUROSCI, V19, P85, DOI 10.3109/00207458309148648 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PUJOL J, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P71, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340113 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROLE LW, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P683 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 Schopler E., 1990, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, VI SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 STECKLER T, 1994, BRAIN RES REV, V19, P298 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 PU EDIZIONI CENTAURO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA DEL PRATELLO, 8, 40122 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1120-9976 J9 RIV NEURORADIOL JI Riv. Neuroradiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YF540 UT WOS:A1997YF54000006 ER PT J AU Piven, J Palmer, P Landa, R Santangelo, S Jacobi, D Childress, D AF Piven, J Palmer, P Landa, R Santangelo, S Jacobi, D Childress, D TI Personality and language characteristics in parents from multiple-incidence autism families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; genetics; personality; language ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SOCIAL DEFICITS; DISORDERS; HISTORY; INDIVIDUALS; TWIN; CHILDREN; INFORMANT AB Several studies have suggested that the genetic liability for autism may be expressed in non-autistic relatives of autistic probands, in behavioral characteristics that are milder but qualitatively similar to the defining features of autism, We employ a variety of direct assessment approaches to examine both personality and language in parents ascertained through having two autistic children (multiple-incidence autism parents) and parents of Down syndrome probands, Multiple-incidence autism parents had higher rates of particular personality characteristics (rigidity, aloofness, hypersensitivity to criticism, and anxiousness), speech and pragmatic language deficits, and more limited friendships than parents in the comparison group, The implications of these findings for future genetic studies of autism are discussed. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. CR ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Benjamin J, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P81, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-81 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x CANTWELL D, 1976, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P269 Costa P.T., 1985, NEO PERSONALITY INVE DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 Ebstein RP, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P78, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-78 EISENBERG L, 1957, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V27, P715 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 Grigorenko EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P27 JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1957, EARLY INFANTILE AUTI, P55 LANDA R, 1995, DISCOURSE ABSTRACT L LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02284760 MCCRAE R, 1982, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V43, P292 *OFF POP CENS SURV, 1980, BRIT MAN CLASS OCC OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 Piven J, 1997, AM J PSYCHIAT, V154, P185 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RUTTER M, 1974, PSYCHOL MED, V4, P147 SANTANGELO S, 1996, AM SOC HUM GEN 46 AN SANTANGELO SL, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P89 Siegel S., 1956, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STUTSMAN R, 1952, MENT MEASUREMENT PRE SZATMARI P, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P282, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600405 Tyrer P, 1988, PERSONALITY DISORDER, P140 TYRER P, 1979, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V135, P163, DOI 10.1192/bjp.135.2.163 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x ZIMMERMAN M, 1986, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V47, P261 ZIMMERMAN M, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P733 NR 51 TC 142 Z9 146 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 398 EP 411 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<398::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-D PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XP268 UT WOS:A1997XP26800011 PM 9259376 ER PT J AU Limprasert, P Zhong, N Dobkin, C Brown, WT AF Limprasert, P Zhong, N Dobkin, C Brown, WT TI Polymorphism of FXR1 showing lack of association with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 NEW YORK INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. PRINCE SONGKLA UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT PATHOL,SONGKHLA,THAILAND. CR BROWN WT, 1992, MOL GENETIC MED, P39 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COY JF, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P1109 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P96 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 SIOMI H, 1993, CELL, V74, P29 SIOMI MC, 1995, EMBO J, V14, P2401 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 ZHANG Y, 1995, EMBO J, V14, P5358 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 25 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 4 BP 453 EP 454 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<453::AID-AJMG21>3.0.CO;2-G PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XP268 UT WOS:A1997XP26800021 PM 9259386 ER PT J AU Rapin, I AF Rapin, I TI Autism SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; MODEL C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BRONX, NY 10461 USA. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, ROSE F KENNEDY CTR RES MENTAL RETARDAT & HUMAN DE, BRONX, NY 10461 USA. RP Rapin, I (reprint author), YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, SAUL R KOREY DEPT NEUROL, 1410 PELHAM PKY S, BRONX, NY 10461 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P227 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BallabanGil K, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V15, P217, DOI 10.1016/S0887-8994(96)00219-6 BAUMAN ML, 1992, MOVEMENT DISORDERS N, P658 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM Beaumanoir A, 1995, CONTINUOUS SPIKES WA BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 Chugani HT, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P643, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390514 COHEN DJ, 1997, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P674 DUNN M, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P45 DUNN M, 1997, BEHAV BELONGS BRAIN, P97 Fein D., 1988, EXCEPTIONAL BRAIN NE FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG G, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES OT Hagberg B, 1993, RETT SYNDROME CLIN B HORWITZ B, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P102 Kinsbourne M, 1991, PEDIAT NEUROLOGY BEH, P18 Klein SK, 1995, BRAIN LANG, V51, P383, DOI 10.1006/brln.1995.1067 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x KLIN A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF01066416 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1996, LANGUAGE LEARNING BE, P178 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MESIBOV GB, 1994, CURR I AUT, P195 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P66 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 NELSON KB, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P761 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RAPI I, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 ROGERS SJ, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00010 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 SUGIYAMA T, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P181 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1994, CONSTRAINTS LANGUAGE Treffert D. A., 1989, EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WANGWRIGHT L, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139, P173 Waterhouse L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02276235 Waterhouse L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P457, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.457 Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID NR 62 TC 245 Z9 248 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1056/NEJM199707103370206 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XJ822 UT WOS:A1997XJ82200006 PM 9211680 ER PT J AU Cohen, DJ Leckman, JF Pauls, D AF Cohen, DJ Leckman, JF Pauls, D TI Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood: Tourette's syndrome as a model SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nobel Symposium on Genetic Versus Environmental Determination of Human Behaviour and Health CY JAN 22-24, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN HO KAROLINSKA INST DE childhood neuropsychiatric disorders; genetic vulnerability; obsessions and compulsions; Tourette's syndrome ID GILLES-DELATOURETTE SYNDROME; FAMILIAL PATTERN; MULTIPLE TICS; TRANSMISSION AB Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood include conditions such as autism, pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Tourette's syndrome (TS) of chronic, multiple, motor and vocal ties is a model neuropsychiatric disorder with a childhood onset and long-term, and sometimes life-long, course. Symptoms and signs change during the course of maturation, and include obsessions, compulsions, attentional difficulties and psychological responses to the disability. These clinical features reflect the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The localization and cloning of the genetic substrate will allow for detailed study of the pathways from molecular vulnerability to clinical syndrome. RP Cohen, DJ (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,230 S FRONTAGE RD,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. CR ANDERSON GA, 1996, CHIDL ADOLESCENT PSY, V3, P30 ANDERSON GM, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P138 APTER A, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P734 CARTER AS, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P377, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199403000-00012 CHASE TN, 1992, TOURETTE SYNDROME GE Cicchetti D., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V1-2 Cicchetti D., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V2 COHEN DJ, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1350 COHEN DJ, 1995, MOVEMENT ALLIED DISO, V3, P31 COHEN DJ, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V33, P2 COHEN DJ, 1980, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, V3, P383 COHEN DJ, 1991, INT REV PSYCHOANAL, V8, P195 COHEN DJ, 1988, TOURETTES SYNDROME D COHEN DJ, 1982, GILLES TOURETTE SYND, P31 KIDD KK, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P1336 KING RA, 1994, AMER P PR R, V13, P519 Leckman J, 1995, ANXIETY, V1, P208 LECKMAN JF, 1997, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI LECKMAN JF, 1996, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY LECKMAN JF, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 4, V143, P1665 LECKMAN JF, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P324 PAKSTIS AJ, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P281 PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 PAULS DL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1044, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025 PAULS DL, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198403000-00003 PAULS DL, 1981, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V38, P1091 PETERSON B, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 PETERSON BS, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P213 Sameroff A. J., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P659 ZOHAR AH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1057, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00010 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 86 SU 422 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XR328 UT WOS:A1997XR32800023 ER PT J AU Kientz, MA Dunn, W AF Kientz, MA Dunn, W TI A comparison of the performance of children with and without autism on the sensory profile SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE evaluation process; occupational therapy; sensory integrative dysfunction ID TOUCH AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Sensory Profile discriminates between children with and without autism and which items on the profile best discriminate between these groups. Method. Parents of 32 children with autism aged 3 to 13 years and of 64 children without autism aged 3 to 10 years completed the Sensory Profile. A descriptive analysis of the data set of children with autism identified the distribution of responses on each item. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) on each category of the Sensory Profile identified possible difference among subjects without autism, with mild or moderate autism, and with severe autism. Follow-up univariate analyses were conducted for any category that yielded a significant result on the MANCOVA. Results. Eighty-four of 99 items (85%) on the Sensory Profile differentiated the sensory processing skills of subjects with autism from those of subjects without autism. There were no group differences between subjects with mild or moderate autism and subjects with severe autism. Conclusion. The Sensory Profile can provide information about the sensory processing skills of children with autism to assist occupational therapists in assessing and planning intervention for these children. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,PROFESS MASTERS SCI OCCUPAT THERAPY PROGRAM,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT OCCUPAT THERAPY EDUC,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Ayres A. J., 1989, SENSORY INTEGRATION AYRES AJ, 1980, AM J OCCUP THER, V34, P375 Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION BERK RA, 1983, DEGANGIBERK TEST SEN COOK DG, 1991, PEDIAT OCCUPATIONAL, P35 COOK JS, 1990, NEWS PHYSIOL SCI, V5, P1 DUNN W, 1994, AM J OCCUP THER, V48, P595 DUNN W, 1994, AM J OCCUP THER, V48, P967 HUEBNER RA, 1992, AM J OCCUP THER, V46, P487 LARSON KA, 1982, AM J OCCUP THER, V36, P590 MARCUS LM, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P149 Mays R M, 1993, J Pediatr Health Care, V7, P17, DOI 10.1016/0891-5245(93)90022-A NELSON DL, 1984, CHILDREN AUTISIM OTH Ornitz E. M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P50 Parham L. D., 1996, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, P307 Portney L. G., 1993, FDN CLIN RES APPL PR Prizant B. M., 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P95 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 ROYEEN CB, 1990, AM J OCCUP THER, V44, P155 ROYEEN C B, 1987, Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, V7, P29 Sattler JM, 1988, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SMITH B, 1980, UNPUB FUNCTIONAL ASS TONGE BJ, 1994, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V30, P102, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00590.x NR 27 TC 142 Z9 144 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 1383 PICCARD DRIVE PO BOX ROCKVILLE, MD 20850-4375 SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 51 IS 7 BP 530 EP 537 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA XL140 UT WOS:A1997XL14000009 PM 9242859 ER PT J AU Hodapp, RM AF Hodapp, RM TI Direct and indirect behavioral effects of different genetic disorders of mental retardation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; DOWNS-SYNDROME; AGING MOTHERS; CHILDREN; ADULTS; PROFILES; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; RESILIENCE AB Direct and indirect behavioral effects of genetic disorders of mental retardation were identified. Three models of direct effects were examined: the no-specific effect model (all genetic disorders lead to identical behavioral outcomes), the totally specific model (each genetic disorder leads to unique outcomes), and the partially specific model (two or more genetic disorders lead to outcomes not shared by others with mental retardation). Although several cases of totally specific outcomes have been identified, partially specific effects most often occur. Persons in the surrounding environment are indirectly affected by behavioral propensities of different genetic disorders. Direct and indirect effects are also related to biological and developmental theory. RP Hodapp, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,GRAD SCH EDUC & INFORMAT STUDIES,405 HILGARD AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. CR ANDERSON LT, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF02172213 BENNETT FC, 1979, AM J DIS CHILD, V133, P700 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 BREGMAN JD, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P463, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00001 Buckley S., 1995, DOWN SYNDROME LIVING, P158 Burack J. A., 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH, P27 Byrne A, 1995, DOWNS SYNDROME RES P, V3, P53, DOI DOI 10.3104/REP0RTS.51 Cahill BM, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P149 CARLIN ME, 1990, P 8 C INT ASS SCI ST, P64 Cicchetti D., 1990, RISK PROTECTIVE FACT, P2, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511752872.003 CLAYTONSMITH J, 1992, ARCH DIS CHILD, V67, P889 COHEN IL, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P5, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90057-4 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 COLLACOTT RA, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P671, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.5.671 DYKENS EM, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P522 DYKENS EM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1125, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00022 Dykens EM, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01496.x DYKENS EM, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P338 Dykens EM, 1996, MENT RETARD, V34, P125 Dykens EM, 1996, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V5, P913 DYKENS EM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1131, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00023 DYKENS EM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P201 DYKENS EM, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P234 DYKENS EM, IN PRESS PROFESSIONA DYKENS EM, 1994, BEHAV DEV FRAGILE X ELLIS NR, 1969, AM J MENT DEF, V73, P557 ERIKSON M, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P250 FINUCANE BM, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P78 Flynt I, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P666 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 FRASER FC, 1976, J MENT DEFIC RES, V20, P179 Ganiban J., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511581786.006 GARMEZY N, 1987, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V57, P159 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 GIBSON D, 1991, EARLY INTERVENTION T, P41 GOLDEN W, 1976, J PEDIATR-US, V89, P603, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(76)80398-8 Hagerman R. J., 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P173 HODAPP RM, 1991, EARLY INTERVENTION T, P41 HODAPP RM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P675 Hodapp RM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P11, DOI 10.1023/A:1025865004299 HODAPP RM, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P39 Hodapp RM, 1996, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V5, P881 HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 Hornby G., 1995, J CHILD FAMILY STUDI, V4, P103, DOI 10.1007/BF02233957 Jernigan T. L., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P23 KASARI C, IN PRESS HDB MENTAL Kasari C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P39, DOI 10.1023/A:1025869105208 Kasari C, 1996, EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ATYPICAL CHILDREN, P109 KEMPER MB, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P191, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300118 Loeber R, 1991, ROCHESTER S DEV PSYC, V3, P97 LUTHAR SS, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P441, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01030.x Masten A. S., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P715 MEYERS RA, 1991, J NERV MENT DIS, V179, P609 MINK IT, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P484 OBRIEN G, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P365 OBRIEN G, 1995, BEHAV PHENOTYPES, P1 Opitz J M, 1987, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V23, P277 OPITZ JM, 1985, AM J MED GENET, V21, P1, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320210102 OPITZ JM, 1996, 29 ANN GATL C RES TH PITCAIRN TK, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P485 PLOMIN R, 1991, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V42, P161 PUESCHEL S, 1983, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, P353 Pueschel SM, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, V2, P335 PUESCHEL SM, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P21, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90038-2 REISS AL, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P331, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-331 ROSEN M, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P177 Scarr S., 1993, CHILD DEV, V63, P1 SCHARFENAKER S, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P327 Seltzer M. M., 1994, LIFE-SPAN DEV BEHAV, V12, P1 SELTZER MM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P496 SELTZER MM, 1995, PSYCHOL AGING, V10, P64, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.10.1.64 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STONEMAN Z, IN PRESS HDB MENTAL THOMAS V, 1993, J MARITAL FAM THER, V19, P159, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1993.tb00975.x UDWIN O, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00212.x VANACKER R, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P381 WERNER EE, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P503 WISHART JG, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P409 NR 78 TC 80 Z9 80 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 102 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(1997)102<0067:DAIBEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XK102 UT WOS:A1997XK10200007 PM 9241409 ER PT J AU DeLong, GR Heinz, ER AF DeLong, GR Heinz, ER TI The clinical syndrome of early-life bilateral hippocampal sclerosis SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; FAST SPIN-ECHO; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; MR IMAGES; DISORDERS; LOBECTOMY; SEIZURES; HUMANS; AUTISM; MEMORY AB Four infants had bilateral hippocampal sclerosis by magnetic resonance scans, including oblique coronal fast spin echo images of the temp oral lobes; [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomographic scans, done in 2 infants, showed isolated bilateral anterior temporal lobe hypometabolism, All had epilepsy with episodes of status epilepticus. Despite adequate motor and sensory functions, all failed to develop language (or lost attained language), social skills, and complex purposive or adaptive activity, even after epilepsy was controlled. Bilateral hippocampal dysfunction in early life appears to be associated with a profound failure of cognitive capacities, including language learning and learning of complex social and adaptive skills in general. The deficits correspond to the cognitive deficits of severe infantile autism, Hippocampal function, or more generally medial temporal lobe function, appears necessary for language learning in the infant, as well as for complex social and adaptive learning. C1 DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT RADIOL, DIV NEURORADIOL, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. RP DeLong, GR (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DIV PEDIAT NEUROL, DEPT PEDIAT, BOX 3936, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. CR BECHARA A, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1115, DOI 10.1126/science.7652558 Bunsey M, 1996, NATURE, V379, P255, DOI 10.1038/379255a0 Chugani HT, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P643, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390514 DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 DRAGUNOW M, 1993, MOL BRAIN RES, V18, P347, DOI 10.1016/0169-328X(93)90101-T DUCHOWNY M, 1992, EPILEPSIA, V33, P298, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02319.x GABRIELI JDE, 1993, CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU, V6, P93 GABRIELI JDE, 1988, BRAIN COGNITION, V7, P157, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90027-9 HARVEY AS, 1995, PEDIATR NEUROL, V12, P201, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(95)00022-8 Holmes GL, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V334, P586 HUANG SC, 1979, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V3, P804 JACK CR, 1989, RADIOLOGY, V172, P549 KEMPER TL, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P43 KUZNIECKY R, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P681 LEE NS, 1995, EPILEPSIA, V36, P899, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01633.x NOHRIA V, 1994, EPILEPSIA, V35, P1332, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb01807.x PINKER S, 1989, FDN COGNITIVE SCI, P359 RempelClower NL, 1996, J NEUROSCI, V16, P5233 SCOVILLE WB, 1954, J NEUROSURG, V11, P64, DOI 10.3171/jns.1954.11.1.0064 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 SQUIRE LR, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P1380, DOI 10.1126/science.1896849 TERZIAN H, 1955, NEUROLOGY, V5, P373 TIEN RD, 1992, AM J ROENTGENOL, V159, P1309 TIEN RD, 1993, RADIOLOGY, V189, P835 TONSGARD JH, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P162, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90084-1 WYLLIE E, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P859, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02103.x NR 27 TC 72 Z9 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1002/ana.410420105 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XK106 UT WOS:A1997XK10600003 PM 9225680 ER PT J AU McCormick, LH AF McCormick, LH TI Treatment with buspirone: In a patient with autism SO ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of buspirone hydrochloride for the treatment of a patient with autism and hyperactivity disorder and determines the effect of buspirone on the number of performance tasks completed by the patient at school, A 3-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed in a private physician, office-based practice. A child with autism, which was diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria, was studied. The child received placebo for 3 weeks and buspirone for 3 weeks; there was a 1-week interval between the 2 treatments, The outcome was measured by using Conners abbreviated parent and teacher questionnaires and by determining the number of daily performance tasks completed by the child at school. Statistical analysis was performed by linear models and standard F tests. Buspirone was found to be safe and efficacious, without side effects, for decreasing hyperactivity and increasing completed performance tasks. The beneficial effects of buspirone in helping this patient with autism in his natural daily settings suggest that buspirone may be an alternative to neuroleptic agents in the medical therapy of autism; further study in other patients is needed. RP McCormick, LH (reprint author), FAMILY CARE CTR,POB 1186-606,HAIFLEIGHT ST,FRANKLIN,LA 70538, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x Conners C. K., 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V9, P24 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 EDWARDS DR, 1991, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V44, P1755 LARSON EB, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P2708, DOI 10.1001/jama.270.22.2708 MCCORMICK LH, 1994, ARCH FAM MED, V3, P68 NEWTON RE, 1986, AM J MED S3B, V80, pS17 RATEY JJ, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V50, P382 REALMUTO GM, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P122, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198904000-00009 TAYLOR DP, 1983, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V9, P435 VANDERMAELEN CP, 1984, FED PROC, V43, P947 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1063-3987 J9 ARCH FAM MED JI Arch. Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 368 EP 370 DI 10.1001/archfami.6.4.368 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XK684 UT WOS:A1997XK68400012 PM 9225710 ER PT J AU Pavone, L Fiumara, A Bottaro, G Mazzone, D Coleman, M AF Pavone, L Fiumara, A Bottaro, G Mazzone, D Coleman, M TI Autism and celiac disease: Failure to validate the hypothesis that a link might exist SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; celiac disease; gluten intolerance; antigliadin antibodies; antiendomisium antibodies AB Autism is a heterogeneous condition and the possible pathogenic role of several different factors has been postulated. Association between celiac disease and neurological manifestations such as drug resistant epilepsy and cerebral calcifications is well known. Some authors in the past also reported the existence of a linkage with autism. On the basis of these observations, we have evaluated 120 patients with celiac disease diagnosed at the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Catania, Italy, in order to identify behavioral problems and autistic features; there were 20 controls for this parr of the study. At the same time, AGA and AEMAb were assayed in 11 patients with infantile autism and 11 age- and sex-matched controls. No celiac case was detected among the group of autistic patients and, although two of them had slightly increased levels of AGA Ige and AEMAb, subsequent antibodies determinations and jejunal biopsies gave normal results. Moreover none of the celiac patients had a positive DSM-III-R test for infantile autism. (C) 1997 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 UNIV CATANIA,PEDIAT CLIN,CATANIA,ITALY. GEORGETOWN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC. RI Fiumara, Agata/F-7200-2012 CR [Anonymous], 1990, ICD10 WHO Asperger Hans, 1961, ANN PAEDIAT, V197, P146 BOHMAN M, 1983, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPR, V2, P164 BRAFFET C, 1994, AUTISM SOC INDIANA Q, V1, P7 COOKE WT, 1984, COELIAC DIS, P197 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GOODWIN MS, 1969, MENT HYG, V53, P550 GOODWIN MS, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P48, DOI 10.1007/BF01537742 HALLERT C, 1982, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V17, P17 HERNANZ A, 1991, GUT, V32, P1478, DOI 10.1136/gut.32.12.1478 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MCCARTHY DM, 1979, LANCET, V2, P877 MCNEISH AS, 1979, ARCH DIS CHILD, V54, P783 REICHELT KL, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P1279, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90310-0 RIMLAND B, 1972, P 4 ANN M NAT SOC AU Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SCHATTOCK P, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM, P1 SHELDON W, 1959, PEDIATRICS, V23, P123 SULLIVAN RC, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF01537934 WALKERSMITH J, 1973, S AUT SIDN AUSTR ABB WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P1 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00267-9 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA XE341 UT WOS:A1997XE34100010 PM 9193744 ER PT J AU Greenwood, S AF Greenwood, S TI Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs - Trevarthen,C, Aitken,K, Papoudi,D, Robarts,J SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review CR Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH SOC DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PI STRATFORD-UPON-AVON PA C/O SEFA PUBL LTD, 4 GREAT WILLIAM ST, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV37 6RY SN 0969-7950 J9 BRIT J DEV DISABIL JI Br. J. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 43 IS 85 BP 170 EP 171 PN 2 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XL928 UT WOS:A1997XL92800009 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR AF Volkmar, FR TI Autism and pervasive developmental disorders SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MIND AB Recent research on autism and related disorders has increasingly focused on mechanisms (e.g. in relation to the genetics of autism and the nature of the psychologic deficits underlying the condition). The recent delineation of subtypes within the broader pervasive developmental disorder class of disorder has raised many issues for future research. RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,CTR CHILD STUDY,POB 207900,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P228 BOLTON PF, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V36, P272 Bristol MM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF02172002 Bryson SE, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02172005 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 EHLERS S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P206 Fisman S, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P937, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199607000-00021 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Klin A., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P94 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x Lord C, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1065 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 Miller JN, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P247 Ozonoff S, 1996, BRAIN LANG, V52, P411, DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x TagerFlusberg H, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF02172006 Towbin KE, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P123 Tsai LY, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF02172004 VANACKER R, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P60 VANDERGAAG RJ, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1096, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00021 Volkmar F. R., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P47 Volkmar FR, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02172003 Wing L, 1996, BRIT MED J, V312, P327 Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th ZAHNER GP, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P199 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7367 J9 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR JI Curr. Opin. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1097/00001504-199707000-00005 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XJ879 UT WOS:A1997XJ87900005 ER PT J AU HendriksJansen, H AF HendriksJansen, H TI The epistemology of autism: Making a case for an embodied, dynamic, and historical explanation SO CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Review ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE; MIND; REPRESENTATION; INTELLIGENCE; DEFICITS; INFANTS; VIEW AB Autism has puzzled and intrigued psychiatrists, psychologists, and philosophers of mind since it was first identified as a diagnostic category by Kanner (1943) and Asperger (1944). The syndrome raises important questions about scientific knowledge and the knowledge possessed by autistic and normal subjects. This paper examines critically the theory of mind hypothesis, which is currently the most widely accepted explanation for the disorder. It argues that the computational model that supports the hypothesis cannot carry its explanatory burden, and it proposes an alternative explanation based on the principles of situated robotics, ethology, and dynamical systems theory. This allows knowledge to be conceptualized as the embodied and situated ability to act appropriately in a variety of contexts, and it sheds new light on the knowledge justification problem. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P233 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Bateson M. C, 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING HUM, P63 BEER RD, 1995, ARTIF INTELL, V72, P173, DOI 10.1016/0004-3702(94)00005-L BETTELHEIM B, 1959, SCI AM, V200, P116 Bingham G. P., 1995, MIND MOTION DYNAMICS, P403 Brazelton T. B., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING HUM, P79 Brooks R. A., 1994, P 4 INT WORKSH SYNTH Brooks R. A., 1992, PRACTICE AUTONOMOUS, P3 BROOKS RA, 1991, ARTIF INTELL, V47, P139, DOI 10.1016/0004-3702(91)90053-M BROOKS RA, 1986, 899 MIT AI BROOKS RA, 1991, FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS, P434 BROOKS RA, 1994, ANIMALS ANIMATS, V3, P22 BROOKS RA, 1993, 1439 MIT ART INT LAB Browman CP, 1995, MIND MOTION, P175 Bruner J. S., 1990, ACTS MEANING Bruner J. S., 1982, ANAL ACTION, P313 BRUNER JS, 1976, NATURE, V253, P265 BRUNER JS, 1976, RECENT ADV PSYCHOL L, P199 Bullowa M., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P223 Camaioni L., 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR, P82 FISCHER KW, 1991, J PIAGET SY, P199 CHAPMAN D, 1987, REASONING ACTIONS PL, P411 Clark A., 1993, ASS ENGINES CONNECTI Collis G., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P111 DEGELDER B, 1987, COGNITION, V72, P285 DENNETT DC, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P568 DRETSKE F, 1986, BELIEF CONTENT FUNCT Dretske Frederick, 1988, EXPLAINING BEHAV REA FOGEL A, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P747, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.6.747 Fogel A, 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR, P9 FOGEL A, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P1271, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00195.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gibson J. J., 1979, ECOLOGICAL APPROACH Giunti M, 1995, MIND MOTION EXPLORAT, P549 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HENDRIKSJANSEN H, 1996, CATCHING OURSELVES A HENDRIKSJANSEN HJ, 1993, P 1993 EUR C ART LIF, P440 HENDRIKSJANSEN HJ, 1994, P 4 INT WORKSH SYNTH, P70 HENDRIKSJANSEN HJ, 1994, AISB Q, V87, P29 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Hinde R. A., 1982, ETHOLOGY ITS NATURE HIRSHPASEK K, 1987, COGNITION, V26, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(87)80002-1 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HORSWILL I, 1992, PRACTICE AUTONOMOUS, P58 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Karmiloff-Smith Annette, 1993, P592 Kaye K, 1982, SOCIAL INTERCHANGE I, P183 KIRSH D, 1991, ARTIF INTELL, V47, P3, DOI 10.1016/0004-3702(91)90048-O KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x Koza J. R., 1992, P 1 EUR C ART LIF, P110 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leslie A. M., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P63 Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEUNG EHL, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P215, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.2.215 Marr D, 1982, VISION MARR D, 1977, ARTIF INTELL, V9, P37, DOI 10.1016/0004-3702(77)90013-3 MATARIC MJ, 1991, FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS, P169 MEYER JA, 1991, ANIMALS ANIMATS Michotte A, 1946, PERCEPTION CAUSALITY Millikan R. G., 1984, LANGUAGE THOUGHT OTH MILLIKAN RG, 1989, J PHILOS, V86, P281, DOI 10.2307/2027123 MILLIKAN RG, 1986, PHILOS REV, V95, P47, DOI 10.2307/2185132 MORTON J, 1994, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, V1, pCH13 Mundy P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P3 Nagel Ernst, 1961, STRUCTURE SCI ORNITZ EM, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V13, P6 Oyama Susan, 1993, P19 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Papousek H. M. Papousek, 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN, P63 Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P61 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P112 PFEIFER R, 1992, PRACTICE AUTONOMOUS, P21 PHILLIPS W, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Port R., 1995, MIND MOTION Prem E, 1995, LECT NOTES ARTIF INT, V929, P39 PREMACK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P1 Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] PYLYSHYN ZW, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P592 Ricks D., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P245 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Sacks Oliver, 1995, ANTHR MARS Schaffer H. R., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN SHANON B, 1984, BRIT J PHILOS SCI, V35, P129, DOI 10.1093/bjps/35.2.129 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 Sinha C., 1988, LANGUAGE REPRESENTAT Sloman A., 1978, COMPUTER REVOLUTION SMITHERS T, 1992, PRACTICE AUTONOMOUS, P31 STEELS L, 1991, FROM ANIMALS TO ANIMATS, P451 STERELNY K, 1990, REPRESENTATIONAL THE Thelen E., 1994, DYNAMIC SYSTEMS APPR THELEN E, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P760, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.18.5.760 THELEN E, 1993, SELF ORG DEV PROCESS, P555 THELEN E, 1985, DEV EXPRESSIVE BEHAV, P221 Trevarthen C., 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN, P227 Tronick E. Z., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT, P349 VANGELDER T, 1992, 75 IND U VARELA FJ, 1992, PRACTICE AUTONOMOUS VONHOFSTEN C, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P378, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.20.3.378 von Uexkull JJ, 1934, INSTINCTIVE BEHAV DE, P5 Waterhouse L, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P1989263 Way E. C., 1991, KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTA WILKES K, 1989, GOALS NO GOALS OWN G, P194 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x NR 114 TC 3 Z9 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0196-9722 J9 CYBERNET SYST JI Cybern. Syst. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 28 IS 5 BP 359 EP 415 DI 10.1080/019697297126065 PG 57 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA XF975 UT WOS:A1997XF97500003 ER PT J AU Del Gracco, S Ferri, R AF Del Gracco, S Ferri, R TI Middle-latency somatosensory evoked potentials after median nerve stimulation in mentally retarded children SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE somatosensory evoked potentials; mental retardation; Down's syndrome; fragile-X syndrome; autism ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; POSTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE; DOWNS-SYNDROME INDIVIDUALS; CORTICAL REFLEX MYOCLONUS; SPINAL-CORD; FAR-FIELD; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEWBORN-INFANTS; NORMATIVE DATA AB The simultaneous recording from a large number of scalp electrodes of middlelatency (ML) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) after median-nerve (MN) stimulation allows a thorough study of the activation processes of different primary and associative somatosensory cortical areas. ML-MN-SEP components show the cortical response to peripheral somatosensory stimuli as a sequential activation of the postrolandic, posterior parietal and frontal cortex. Moreover, the bit mapping of these potentials, can show also the topographic distribution of this evoked activity over the scalp. Recent works have applied ML-MN-SEP recording for neurophysiological assessment of different groups of mentally retarded children. A short review is presented of such studies performed in Down's syndrome subjects, in fragile-X syndrome subjects and in mentally retarded autistic subjects. The data allow to conclude that ML-MN-SEPs may represent a powerful tool in the study of the cortical excitability) of the parietal and frontal cortex in different developmental disorders. Moreover, they help to characterize the neurophysiological specificity of each pathological condition and may lead to a better comprehension of the basic mechanisms of mental retardation in such conditions. C1 Oasi Inst Res Mental Retardat & Brain Aging, Dept Neurol, I-94018 Troina, Italy. RP Del Gracco, S (reprint author), Oasi Inst Res Mental Retardat & Brain Aging, Dept Neurol, I-94018 Troina, Italy. RI Ferri, Raffaele/B-5439-2013 CR ABBRUZZESE G, 1984, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V47, P1034, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.47.9.1034 ALLISON T, 1992, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V84, P301, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90082-M ALLISON T, 1989, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V62, P711 ALLISON T, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V58, P14, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(84)90196-2 ALLISON T, 1982, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V388, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb50833.x ALLISON T, 1991, BRAIN, V114, P2465, DOI 10.1093/brain/114.6.2465 ALLISON T, 1989, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V62, P694 ANZISKA BJ, 1981, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V52, P531 ANZISKA BJ, 1983, NEUROLOGY, V33, P989 BARNET AB, 1967, NATURE, V214, P252, DOI 10.1038/214252a0 BIGUM HB, 1970, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V28, P576, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(70)90199-9 BUCHNER H, 1988, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V69, P14, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(88)90031-4 BURGER PC, 1973, AM J PATHOL, V73, P457 CALLNER DA, 1978, AM J MENT DEF, V82, P398 Chiappa KH, 1983, EVOKED POTENTIALS CL, P203 CHIRON C, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P849 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 CRACCO JB, 1986, EVOKED POTENTIAL, P471 CRACCO JB, 1987, ANN M EL SOC SCI SES CRAPPER DR, 1975, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V32, P618 CULLITY P, 1976, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V18, P11 CUMMINGS JL, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P263, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90049-6 DALLABERNARDINA B, 1982, SLEEP EPILEPSY, P195 DALLABERNARDINA B, 1991, EPILEPSY RES S, V1, P83 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEMARCO P, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P291 DESMEDT JE, 1982, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V388, P388, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb50804.x DESMEDT JE, 1983, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V56, P628, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90030-5 DESMEDT JE, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V68, P1, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90065-7 DESMEDT JE, 1981, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V52, P257, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(81)90055-9 DESMEDT JE, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V74, P321, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(89)90001-4 DESMEDT JE, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V50, P382, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90006-1 DESMEDT JE, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V62, P1, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(85)90030-9 DESMEDT JE, 1976, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V40, P43, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(76)90178-4 DINNER DS, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P1141 DUSTMAN RE, 1979, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P391 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 Elia Maurizio, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P348 ELLIS WG, 1974, NEUROLOGY, V24, P101 EMERSON RG, 1984, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V1, P203, DOI 10.1097/00004691-198404000-00004 EMERSON RG, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P20 EMERSON RG, 1984, BRAIN, V107, P169, DOI 10.1093/brain/107.1.169 FERRI R, 1994, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V24, P413, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(05)80074-7 FERRI R, 1994, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V24, P357, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(05)80249-7 Ferri R, 1996, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V26, P311, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(97)85098-8 Ferri R, 1997, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V10, P56 FERRI R, 1995, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V16, P377, DOI 10.1007/BF02229173 Ferri R, 1996, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V26, P321, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(97)85099-X FLOR-HENRY P, 1990, Encephale, V16, P325 GEORGE SR, 1991, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V80, P94, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90146-O Georgesco M, 1982, Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin, V12, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0370-4475(82)80035-X GILMORE R, 1989, J CHILD NEUROL, V4, P3, DOI 10.1177/088307388900400102 GILMORE R, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V68, P28, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90067-0 GILMORE RL, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V62, P241, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(85)90002-4 GLIDDON JB, 1975, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V12, P416, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00015.x GOLDIE WD, 1987, AM EEG SOC WORKSH EP GRACCO RQ, 1980, PROG CLIN NEUROPHYS, V7, P1 HAGERMAN RJ, 1990, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V3, P218 Hagerman RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HALLETT M, 1979, NEUROLOGY, V29, P1107 HALLIDAY AM, 1967, BRAIN, V90, P241, DOI 10.1093/brain/90.2.241 HASHIMOTO T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071280 HRBEK A, 1973, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V34, P225, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90249-6 HRBEK A, 1977, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V19, P34 JACOBSON GP, 1988, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V71, P73, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(88)90021-4 JONES SJ, 1977, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V43, P853, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(77)90008-6 KAJI R, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P410 KAKIGI R, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V68, P277, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90048-7 KAKIGI R, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V74, P88, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(89)90013-0 KAKIGI R, 1987, BRAIN, V110, P1359, DOI 10.1093/brain/110.5.1359 KAKIGI R, 1991, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V80, P364, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(91)90083-A KAKIGI R, 1987, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V51, P1131 KAKIGI R, 1986, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V64, P246, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(86)90172-0 KAZIS A, 1983, Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, V23, P49 KIMURA J, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V58, P351, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(84)90061-0 KIMURA J, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P683 LAI F, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P849 LOSCHE G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P749, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x LUEDERS H, 1983, BRAIN, V106, P341, DOI 10.1093/brain/106.2.341 LUEDERS H, 1970, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V29, P450 MAJNEMER A, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P350, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90006-3 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P78, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430112 MUSUMECI SA, 1988, EPILEPSIA, V29, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb05096.x NAKASHIMA K, 1987, NEUROL MED, V27, P460 OHLRICH ES, 1978, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V44, P411 PUESCHEL SM, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V110, P515, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80541-3 RAGAZZONI A, 1985, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V60, pP85 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P279 ROSNER F, 1965, LANCET, P1191 ROSS MH, 1984, NEUROLOGY, V34, P909 ROSSINI PM, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V68, P88, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90036-0 RUDELLI RD, 1985, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V67, P289 SANFILIPPO S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P589, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230153 SCOTT BS, 1982, DEV BRAIN RES, V2, P257 SHIBASAKI H, 1985, BRAIN, V108, P225, DOI 10.1093/brain/108.1.225 STRAUMAN.JJ, 1973, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V29, P544 STRAUMAN.JJ, 1973, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V6, P75 TASSINARI C A, 1988, Neurophysiologie Clinique, V18, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(88)80117-5 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P218 TSUJI S, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P465, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90005-4 WILLIS J, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P366, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90038-8 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V44, P342 Wisniewski K E, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V7, P274 YAMADA T, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P29, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90018-2 YAMADA T, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P765 YAMADA T, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V48, P367, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90129-7 YAMADA T, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P215 NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 248 EP 260 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 129DH UT WOS:000076447600009 ER PT J AU Ho, HH Eaves, LC AF Ho, HH Eaves, LC TI Kabuki make-up (Niikawa-Kuroki) syndrome: Cognitive abilities and autistic features SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; MALFORMATION SYNDROME; POSTNATAL DWARFISM; PROTRUDING EARS; DEFICIENCY; CHILD AB Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS), also known as Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome, is a rare malformation complex characterized by a peculiar facies with long palpebral fissures and partially everted lower eyelid, mental retardation dwarfism, and skeletal and dermatoglyphic abnormalities. Four children from different ethnic groups presented with phenotypic manifestation of KMS. They showed variable degrees of learning disabilities, mental retardation, and autistic behavior, Two boys declined in IQ in early adolescence, In addition to being aware of the variable presentation of cognitive and behavioral characteristics in those already diagnosed, it is important to consider KMS when assessing dysmorphic children with learning disabilities and/or autism. C1 SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR CHILDREN,DEPT PSYCHOL,VANCOUVER,BC V5M 3E8,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CARCIONE A, 1991, PEDIATR RADIOL, V21, P428, DOI 10.1007/BF02026678 DEVRIENDT K, 1995, HORM RES, V43, P303, DOI 10.1159/000184355 Eaves LC, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P557, DOI 10.1007/BF02172276 GILLIS R, 1990, CLIN GENET, V38, P378 HALAL F, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V33, P376, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320330317 HUGHES HE, 1994, ARCH DIS CHILD, V70, P512 ILYINA H, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V56, P127, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560202 Jardine P E, 1993, Clin Dysmorphol, V2, P269 KAISERKUPFER MI, 1986, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V102, P667 KOUTRAS A, 1982, J PEDIATR-US, V101, P417, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80074-7 KUROKI Y, 1981, J PEDIATR-US, V99, P570, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80256-9 KUROKI Y, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V110, P750, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80018-5 LAN K, 1995, INT J ORAL MAXILLOF, V24, P198 NIIKAWA N, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V31, P565, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320310312 NIIKAWA N, 1981, J PEDIATR-US, V99, P565, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(81)80255-7 PAGON RA, 1986, OPHTHALMIC PAED GEN, V7, P97, DOI 10.3109/13816818609076116 Philip N, 1992, Clin Dysmorphol, V1, P63 Say B, 1993, Clin Dysmorphol, V2, P68 SCHRANDERSTUMPEL C, 1994, EUR J PEDIATR, V153, P438 Tawa Ritsuko, 1994, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, V36, P412 Wang Lun-Chieh, 1994, Acta Paediatrica Sinica, V35, P63 Wellesley D G, 1994, Clin Dysmorphol, V3, P297 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 39 IS 7 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XR989 UT WOS:A1997XR98900010 PM 9285441 ER PT J AU CarmagnatDubois, F Desombre, H Perrot, A Roux, S LeNoir, P Sauvage, D Garreau, B AF CarmagnatDubois, F Desombre, H Perrot, A Roux, S LeNoir, P Sauvage, D Garreau, B TI Autism and Rett syndrome: a comparison study during infancy using family home movies SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Article DE autism; home movies; Rett syndrome ID SYMPTOMS; EEG; AGE AB Rett's syndrome progresses in 4 stages : the first signs of the disorder appear after a period of 6 to 7 months, during which development is considered to be normal. This asymptomatic period is apparently an essential criterion of the diagnosis, but some parents have reported some prodromes. In stage II of the disease (before 3 years), signs common with autism dominate the clinical picture and the diagnosis of the latter was often formulated. Our working hypothesis is that the pedopsychiatric analysis of home movies of young girls with Rett's syndrome, taken by the parents before the age of 2, may be able to show early clinical signs. The present study involved examining home movies of children subsquently diagnosed as having Rett's syndrome (n = 9) in comparaison to those of autistic (n = 9) and normal (n = 9) children, using semiological evaluation tools (IBSE, BFE). The persons scoring were not advised of the diagnosis. The observations were thus situated before the disorders and/or at the time of their appearance. The study confirms the asymptomatic interval between birth and the first signs of the disease, it defines the mode of onset and shows the disturbance of certain functions such as intent and imitation, more pronounced in Rett's syndrome children between 12 and 18 months. At this age, if also enables Rett's and autistic children to be differentiated on the basis of the different involvement of the << cognition >> function and unusual posture, more pronounced in these girls. It does not, however, differentiate Rett's from autism between 6 and 12 months and it is thus not surprising that at this stage the diagnosis of Rett's syndrome or autism may be a source of confusion. C1 UNIV TOURS,CHU BRETONNEAU,PSYCHIAT CLIN,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. HOP NEUROL,SERV NEUROPSYCHIAT INFANTILE,LYON,FRANCE. UNIV POITIERS,CHU,SERV PSYCHIAT ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,POITIERS,FRANCE. UNIV TOURS,CHU BRETONNEAU,SERV PEDOPSYCHIAT EXPLORAT FONCT & NEUROPHYSIOL P,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT, P202 ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 ADRIEN JL, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT, P257 AICARDI J, 1986, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V34, P275 ALDRICH MS, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P365, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90081-T ANDRIEN JL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, P124 Arzimanoglou A, 1991, Rev Prat, V41, P1940 BADER GG, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P102 BARTHELEMY C, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT, P99 CARMAGNATDUBOIS F, 1993, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE NEU FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEM SANTE PUB, V88, P140 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P499 GILLBERG C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF02212857 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GLAZE DG, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P1053 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HAGNE I, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90025-4 HOUZEL D, 1995, NOUVEAU TRAITE ENFAN, V2, P1225 Lelord G, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT Lelord G, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P43 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x MALVY J, 1992, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE NEU MASS, 1975, MASSIE HN, V17, P29 MASSIE H, 1984, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P27 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P16 NOMURA Y, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P21 OLSSON B, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P11 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 *ORG MOND SANT, 1992, CIM10 ORG MOND SANT, pCH5 ORNITZ EM, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01538999 PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL S, pS72 PERCY AK, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P57 PERCY AK, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P104 PERROTBEAUGERIE A, 1989, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V37, P39 PERROTBEAUGERIE A, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P27 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 *RETT SYNDR DIAGN, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 SAUVAGE D, 1987, ANN PSYCHIAT, V2, P338 Sauvage D, 1988, AUTISME NOURRISSON J WITTENGERSTROM I, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P11 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 PU DOIN EDITEURS PI PARIS PA 47 RUE SAINT-ANDRE-DES-ARTS, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0013-7006 J9 ENCEPHALE JI Enceph.-Rev. Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA YA633 UT WOS:A1997YA63300006 PM 9417393 ER PT J AU Margolis, RL Abraham, MR Gatchell, SB Li, SH Kidwai, AS Breschel, TS Stine, OC Callahan, C McInnis, MG Ross, CA AF Margolis, RL Abraham, MR Gatchell, SB Li, SH Kidwai, AS Breschel, TS Stine, OC Callahan, C McInnis, MG Ross, CA TI cDNAs with long CAG trinucleotide repeats from human brain SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; MACHADO-JOSEPH DISEASE; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; FRAGILE-X; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; TRIPLET REPEAT; HUMAN GENOME; CTG REPEAT AB Twelve diseases, most with neuropsychiatric features, arise from trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations. Expansion mutations may also cause a number of other disorders, including several additional forms of spinocerebellar ataxia, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. To obtain candidate genes for these disorders, cDNA libraries from adult. and fetal human brain were screened at high stringency for clones containing CAG repeats. Nineteen cDNAs were isolated and mapped to chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 19, 20, and X. The clones contain between 4 and 17 consecutive CAG, CTG, TCG, or GCA triplets. Clone H44 encodes 40 consecutive glutamines, more than any other entry in the nonredundant GenBank protein database and well within the range that causes neuronal degeneration in several of the glutamine expansion diseases. Eight cDNAs encode 15 or more consecutive glutamine residues, suggesting that the gene products may function as transcription factors, with a potential role in the regulation of neurodevelopment or neuroplasticity. In particular, the conceptual translation of clone CTG3a contains 18 consecutive glutamines and is 45% identical to the C-terminal 306 residues of the mouse numb gene product. These genes are therefore candidates for diseases featuring anticipation, neurodegeneration, or abnormalities of neurodevelopment. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,MOL NEUROBIOL LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. RP Margolis, RL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,600 N WOLFE ST,MEYER 2-181,BALTIMORE,MD 21287, USA. RI McInnis, Melvin/F-6963-2012; Ross, Christopher/H-8395-2013 OI McInnis, Melvin/0000-0002-0375-6247; CR ALTSCHUL SF, 1990, J MOL BIOL, V215, P403, DOI 10.1006/jmbi.1990.9999 BARRON LH, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P1003, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.12.1003 BONIFATI V, 1995, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V22, P272 BROOK JD, 1992, CELL, V68, P799, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90154-5 Cairns BR, 1996, MOL CELL BIOL, V16, P3308 Campuzano V, 1996, SCIENCE, V271, P1423, DOI 10.1126/science.271.5254.1423 CHAMBERLAIN NL, 1994, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V22, P3181, DOI 10.1093/nar/22.15.3181 Chotai J, 1995, PSYCHIATR GENET, V5, P181, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199524000-00006 DUBOIS BL, 1993, GENOMICS, V16, P315, DOI 10.1006/geno.1993.1191 ENGSTROM C, 1995, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V35, P31, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(95)00035-L FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 FU YH, 1992, SCIENCE, V255, P1256, DOI 10.1126/science.1546326 GERBER HP, 1994, SCIENCE, V263, P808, DOI 10.1126/science.8303297 Gorwood P, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P1173 Henikoff S, 1995, GENE, V163, P17 Horwitz M, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P990 Ikeda H, 1996, NAT GENET, V13, P196, DOI 10.1038/ng0696-196 IMBERT G, 1994, GENOMICS, V21, P667, DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1335 Imbert G, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P285, DOI 10.1038/ng1196-285 JONES C, 1995, NATURE, V376, P145, DOI 10.1038/376145a0 KAWAGUCHI Y, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P221, DOI 10.1038/ng1194-221 KESHAVAN MS, 1994, J PSYCHIAT RES, V28, P239, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(94)90009-4 KNIGHT SJL, 1993, CELL, V74, P127, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-F KOIDE R, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P9, DOI 10.1038/ng0194-9 KREMER EJ, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1711, DOI 10.1126/science.1675488 LABUDA MC, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P2040 LASPADA AR, 1991, NATURE, V352, P77 LAWRENCE CE, 1993, SCIENCE, V262, P208, DOI 10.1126/science.8211139 LI SH, 1993, GENOMICS, V16, P572, DOI 10.1006/geno.1993.1232 LINBLAD K, 1996, ACTA PAEDIAT, V85, P265 LINBLAD K, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, pA269 MAHADEVAN M, 1992, SCIENCE, V255, P1253, DOI 10.1126/science.1546325 MARGOLIS RL, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P946, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91241-6 MARGOLIS RL, 1995, SOMAT CELL MOLEC GEN, V21, P279, DOI 10.1007/BF02255782 Margolis RL, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P607, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.5.607 MARGOLIS RL, 1995, HUM GENET, P495 MARKOPOULOU K, 1995, ANN NEUROL, V38, P373, DOI 10.1002/ana.410380306 McDermott E, 1996, ANN RHEUM DIS, V55, P475, DOI 10.1136/ard.55.7.475 MCINNIS MG, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P385 McInnis MG, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P973 MORRISON AW, 1995, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V109, P499 NAGUFUCHI S, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P14 Neri C, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P1001, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.7.1001 NewburyEcob RA, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P300, DOI 10.1136/jmg.33.4.300 NYLANDER PO, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P686, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.9.686 ODONOVAN MC, 1995, NAT GENET, V10, P380, DOI 10.1038/ng0895-380 ORR HT, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P221, DOI 10.1038/ng0793-221 Ott J., 1991, ANAL HUMAN GENETIC L Paulson HL, 1996, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V19, P79 PAYAMI H, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P135 PEARSON WR, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P2444, DOI 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2444 PETERSON BS, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1560, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00006 PIETROKOVSKI, 1996, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V24, P3836 PLANTEBORDENEUVE V, 1995, J NEUROL SCI, V133, P164, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(95)00190-D Polito JMII, 1996, LANCET, V347, P798, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90870-3 PRASAD R, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P4631 Pulst SM, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P269, DOI 10.1038/ng1196-269 RANUM LPW, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P603 Raskind WH, 1997, AM J MED GENET, V74, P26, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970221)74:1<26::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-T Ross CA, 1996, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V19, P171, DOI 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10022-9 ROSS CA, 1995, NEURON, V15, P493, DOI 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90138-8 ROSS CA, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90175-L Sanpei K, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P277, DOI 10.1038/ng1196-277 SCHALLING M, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P135, DOI 10.1038/ng0693-135 Schuler GD, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P540, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5287.540 Spana EP, 1996, NEURON, V17, P21, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80277-9 STINE OC, 1993, PSYCHIATR GENET, V3, P129 STOBER G, 1995, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V245, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF02193085 Tawil R, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P744, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390610 The Huntington's Disease Collaboration Group, 1993, CELL, V26, P971 Thibaut F, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V59, P25, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02778-5 TROTTIER Y, 1995, NATURE, V378, P403, DOI 10.1038/378403a0 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H WEINBERGER DR, 1995, LANCET, V346, P552, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91386-6 WEISSENBACH J, 1992, NATURE, V359, P794, DOI 10.1038/359794a0 WELCH MD, 1994, MOL BIOL CELL, V5, P617 Yamagata K, 1996, DIABETOLOGIA, V39, P725 Zhong WM, 1996, NEURON, V17, P43, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80279-2 Zhuchenko O, 1997, NAT GENET, V15, P62, DOI 10.1038/ng0197-62 Zoghbi HY, 1996, NAT GENET, V14, P237, DOI 10.1038/ng1196-237 NR 80 TC 85 Z9 98 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s004390050476 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XH927 UT WOS:A1997XH92700018 PM 9225980 ER PT J AU Zelazo, PR AF Zelazo, PR TI Infant-toddler information processing assessment for children with pervasive developmental disorder and autism .1. SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism; infant-toddler; information processing; mental; pervasive developmental disorder ID VOCALIZATION; AGE AB Conventional tests of infant-toddler development confound the measures used to infer mental ability with the child's disability. A new approach involving assessment of central information processing ability is described as a complement to conventional tests that permits the identification of intact mental ability in the face of pervasive developmental delays and autism. Intact processing ability along with a profile of expressive development not only allows for a differential diagnosis but permits more accurate assessment of mental ability and more appropriate intervention strategies. C1 MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. RP Zelazo, PR (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Bayley N, 1969, MANUAL BAYLEY SCALES Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BERLYNE DE, 1958, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V49, P315 BORNSTEIN MH, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P251, DOI 10.2307/1130581 CORMAN HH, 1969, MERRILL-PALMER Q BEH, V15, P351 DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 Fagan J. F., 1992, J APPLIED DEV PSYCHO, V13, P173, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(92)90028-G FAGAN JF, 1981, INTELLIGENCE, V5, P121, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(81)90002-7 FANTZ RL, 1958, PSYCHOL REC, V8, P43 Gesell A., 1925, MENTAL GROWTH PRESCH GOTTFRIED AW, 1975, DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P379, DOI 10.1037/h0076564 Griffiths R., 1954, ABILITIES BABIES HUNT J, 1976, ORIGINS INTELLIGENCE Kagan J, 1978, INFANCY ITS PLACE HU KEARSLEY R, 1979, INFANTS RISK ASSESSM LAPLANTE DP, 1991, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL LEUNG EH, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P215 LEWIS M, 1981, INTELLIGENCE, V5, P131, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(81)90003-9 LEWIS M, 1969, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V34, P9 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCCALL R, 1979, HDB INFANT DEV MCCALL RB, 1969, PSYCHON SCI, V17, P317 MCCALL RB, 1982, DEV DISABILITIES THE MERRILL MA, 1972, STANFORD BINET INTEL Nickel RE, 1996, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V8, P29 NIEMANN GW, 1996, ADV ASSESSMENT MANAG Piaget J., 1952, ORIGINS INTELLIGENCE ROE KV, 1975, CHILD DEV, V46, P936 Sokolov E. N., 1963, PERCEPTION CONDITION SPENCE MA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P129 Uzgiris I., 1975, ASSESSMENT INFANCY O WHITEHURST GJ, 1989, CHALLENGES DEV PARAD ZELAZO P, 1979, INFANTS RISK ASSESSM ZELAZO P, 1982, REGRESSIONS DEV BASI ZELAZO PR, 1972, MERRILL-PALMER Q BEH, V18, P349 Zelazo P. R., 1980, J APPLIED DEV PSYCHO, V1, P95, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(80)90002-7 ZELAZO PR, 1997, IN PRESS ATTENTION D ZELAZO PR, 1983, LEVELS TRANSITIONS C ZELAZO PR, 1995, INTELLIGENCE, V20, P41, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(95)90005-5 ZELAZO PR, 1984, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V7, P393, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80455-5 ZELAZO PR, 1991, NEWBORN ATTENTION BI ZELAZO PR, 1984, LEARNING SPEAK MANUA ZELAZO PR, 1975, J GENET PSYCHOL, V126, P107 ZELAZO PR, 1983, J MOTOR BEHAV, V15, P99 ZELAZO PR, 1989, CHALLENGES DEV PARAD ZELAZO PR, 1976, DEV PSYCHOBIOLOGY SI ZELAZO PR, 1986, THEORY RES BEHAV PED, V3 ZELAZO PR, 1996, INF BEHAV DEV SPECIA, V11, P65 ZELAZO PR, 1996, 104 ANN AM PSYCH ASS ZELAZO PR, 1971, CHILD DEV, V41, P1327 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA XF142 UT WOS:A1997XF14200003 ER PT J AU Jolliffe, T BaronCohen, S AF Jolliffe, T BaronCohen, S TI Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures test? SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism; Embedded Figures Test; central coherence ID IDIOT-SAVANT; GRAPHIC ABILITIES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; CHILDREN; MIND; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS AB Previous work suggests children with autism show superior performance (in relation to their general mental age) on the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). Frith interprets this as showing that they have ''weak central coherence''. In Experiment 1, using an adult level version of this task, we aimed to replicate and extend this finding, first, by collecting response time (RT) data; second, by testing adults with autism of normal intelligence; and third, by testing a group of adults with Asperger syndrome, in order to test for differences between autism and Asperger syndrome. Both clinical groups were significantly faster on the EFT. In Experiment 2, we investigated if this difference was due to a preference for local over global processing, using a novel drawing task based on the classical Rey Figure. The clinical groups did not differ significantly on this test, but there was a trend towards such a difference. Alternative explanations for the EFT superiority in autism and Asperger syndrome are considered. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR ALLEN MH, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02206872 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS ADV INFANCY, V11 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J COGNITIVE BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 Brian JA, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01482.x BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 EAGLE M, 1969, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V29, P903 FITZGIBBONS D, 1965, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V21, P743 FRITH U, 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN, P95 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE F, 1994, AUTISM, P22 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01563.x KAGAN J, 1970, INDIVIDUALITY COGNIT Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Lezak M, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A, P395 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 MOTTRON L, 1993, BRAIN COGNITION, V23, P279, DOI 10.1006/brcg.1993.1060 NAVON D, 1977, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V9, P353, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3 OCONNOR N, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01562.x OCONNOR N, 1987, PSYCHOL MED, V17, P79 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 Osterrieth PA, 1944, ARCH PSYCHOL-GENEVE, V30, P206 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PAUL E, 1975, THESIS BANK ST COLL PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF02211823 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Selfe L., 1983, NORMAL ANOMALOUS REP Selfe L., 1977, NADIA CASE EXTRAORDI SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SHEPARD RN, 1971, SCIENCE, V171, P701, DOI 10.1126/science.171.3972.701 STEEL JG, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P704 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 Tager-Flusberg H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P92 TYMCHUK AJ, 1977, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P133 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing L., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI WITKIN H, 1981, COGNITIVE STYLES ESS, P43 Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU WITKIN HA, 1977, PSYCHOL BULL, V84, P661, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.84.4.661 World Health Organization, 1994, INT CLASS DIS NR 57 TC 326 Z9 331 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 5 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA XN158 UT WOS:A1997XN15800005 PM 9255696 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S Hammer, J AF BaronCohen, S Hammer, J TI Parents of children with Asperger Syndrome: What is the cognitive phenotype? SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; FAMILY HISTORY; MIND; GAZE AB Two cognitive anomalies have been found in autism: a superiority on the Embedded Figures Task and a deficit in ''theory of mind.'' Using adult-level versions of these tasks, the present study investigated if parents of children with Asperger Syndrome might show a mild variant of these anomalies, as might be predicted from a genetic hypothesis. Significant differences were found on both measures. Parents were significantly faster than controls on the Embedded Figures Task and slightly but significantly less accurate at interpreting photographs of the eye region of the face in terms of mental states. The results are discussed in terms of the broader cognitive phenotype of Asperger Syndrome and in terms of their implications for cognitive neuroscientific theories of the condition. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS ADV INFANCY, V11 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, ORIGINS UNDERSTANDIN BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Brothers L., 1990, CONCEPTS NEUROSCIENC, V1, P27 CAMPBELL R, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P1123, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-X Damasio AR, 1995, DESCARTES ERROR DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 Dennett D. C., 1978, BRAINSTORMS FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R Folstein S., 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGERS SYN GOEL V, 1995, NEUROREPORT, V6, P1741, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199509000-00009 JOLLIFFE T, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V213, P256 ORIORDAN M, 1996, UNPUB UNDERSTANDING OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERRETT DI, 1985, PROC R SOC SER B-BIO, V223, P293, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1985.0003 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 RAFAL R, 1996, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIEN Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x Wing L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing L., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x World Health Organization, 1994, INT CLASS DIS NR 48 TC 146 Z9 148 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 548 EP 554 DI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.548 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA XM683 UT WOS:A1997XM68300010 PM 23968217 ER PT J AU Singh, VK Warren, R Averett, R Ghaziuddin, M AF Singh, VK Warren, R Averett, R Ghaziuddin, M TI Circulating autoantibodies to neuronal and glial filament proteins in autism SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; T-CELLS; CHILDREN; ANTIBODIES; DISEASES; TISSUE AB Autoimmunity may be a pathogenic factor in autism, a behavioral disorder of early childhood onset, Circulating autoantibodies are produced in organ-specific autoimmunity; therefore, we investigated them in the plasma of autistic subjects, mentally retarded (MR) subjects, and healthy controls, Autoantibodies (IgG isotype) to neuron-axon filament protein (anti-GFAP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP) were analyzed by the Western immunoblotting technique, We found a significant increase in incidence of anti-NAFP (P =.004) and anti-GFAP (P =.002) in autistic subjects, but not in MR subjects, Clinically, these autoantibodies may be related to autoimmune pathology in autism, (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR PERSONS DISABIL,LOGAN,UT 84322. CR CHESS S, 1978, J PEDIATR-US, V93, P699, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80921-4 FABRY Z, 1994, IMMUNOL TODAY, V15, P218, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90247-X GALBRAITH GMP, 1986, J CLIN INVEST, V78, P865, DOI 10.1172/JCI112672 IVARSSON SA, 1990, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V21, P102, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071471 LIBLAU RS, 1995, IMMUNOL TODAY, V16, P34, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80068-9 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V29, P12, DOI 10.1159/000119056 PLIOPLYS AV, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P12 ROSENGREN LE, 1992, J NEUROSCI METH, V44, P113, DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(92)90004-W SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 Singh VK, 1996, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V66, P143, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(96)00014-8 Singh V K, 1988, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V540, P602, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x TOH BH, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P3485, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3485 WARREN RP, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V31, P53, DOI 10.1159/000119172 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 NR 14 TC 143 Z9 144 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(97)00045-3 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XW217 UT WOS:A1997XW21700016 PM 9308986 ER PT J AU Kern, L Carberry, N Haidara, C AF Kern, L Carberry, N Haidara, C TI Analysis and intervention with two topographies of challenging behavior exhibited by a young woman with autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AB A functional analysis was conducted with a young woman who engaged in both self-injury and aggression. Self-injury functioned to access preferred stimuli while aggression served an escape function. Intervention, a package consisting of gradually increasing the delay to reinforcement (access or escape), mand training, and extinction was effective for decreasing self-injury. However, this intervention was less effective in reducing aggression. A modification of the intervention, in which the gradual delay procedure was eliminated, resulted in reductions in aggression. The finding are discussed in the context of assessment and intervention selection with individuals who engage in multiple topographies of challenging behavior. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CR CARR EG, 1977, PSYCHOL BULL, V84, P800, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.84.4.800 DAY HM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P279, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-279 DAY RM, 1988, BEHAV MODIF, V12, P565, DOI 10.1177/01454455880124005 DERBY KM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P267, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-267 DUNLAP G, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P387, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-387 Durand V. M., 1982, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V7, P44 DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777 EMERSON E, 1995, RES DEV DISABIL, V16, P301, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00016-G IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 LALLI JS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-227 MACE FC, 1986, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V7, P203 REPP AC, 1989, BEHAV ASSESS, V11, P249 SLIFER KJ, 1986, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V17, P203, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(86)90029-7 SMITH RG, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P183, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-183 SPRAGUE JR, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P235 STURMEY P, 1988, J MENT DEFIC RES, V32, P31 WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(97)00009-7 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XH285 UT WOS:A1997XH28500004 PM 9216027 ER PT J AU EstevezGonzalez, A Roig, C Piles, S Pineda, M GarciaSanchez, C AF EstevezGonzalez, A Roig, C Piles, S Pineda, M GarciaSanchez, C TI Fragile-X syndrome and mental retardation SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE fragile-X syndrome; mental retardation ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; FMRI GENE; MALES; DIFFICULTIES; PREMUTATION; DYSFUNCTION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MUTATION; CARRIERS AB Introduction Fragile-X syndrome is characterized by the presence of a fragile site (gap) on Xq 2.73 and the transcriptional inhibition of a mRNA protein-binding gene called FMR-1. Neuropsychological features include cognitive impairment, attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity, and impairment of visuospatial functions, language and frontal executive functions. In the present paper; other cytogenetic and phenotype characteristics, associate disorders, neurological and neuroimaging studies are revised. Clinical cases. We describe two siblings that illustrate the pattern of neurocognitive and behavioural tr ends of the Fragile X syndrome, and sex differences. Discussion and conclusions. These two cases emphasize the need for performing a cytogenetic diagnostic inpatients with mental retardation, of unknown etiology, and with a familiar history of mental retardation [REV NEUROL 1997; 25: 1068-1071]. C1 UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT PSIQUIATRIA,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV BARCELONA,PSICOBIOL CLIN,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,HOSP STA CREU ST PAU,SERV NEUROL,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN. HOSP ST JOAN DEU,SERV NEUROPEDIAT,BARCELONA,SPAIN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1995, DSM 4 MAN DIAGN EST ASHLEY CJ, 1991, SCIENCE, V262, P563 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BAUMGARDNER TL, 1994, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V7, P172, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199404000-00015 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 CROWE SF, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P9, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90082-Y DAWSON AJ, 1995, BIOCHEM MOL MED, V56, P63, DOI 10.1006/bmme.1995.1057 DELACRUZ FF, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V90, P119 DYKENS EM, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P427, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00021 FISCH GS, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P112, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480210 FREUND LS, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P542, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380409 FREUND LS, 1994, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V6, P34 Gayol L, 1991, Arch Neurobiol (Madr), V54, P41 GOLDFINE PE, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P108 Gu YH, 1996, NAT GENET, V13, P109, DOI 10.1038/ng0596-109 HINTON VJ, 1995, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V17, P518, DOI 10.1080/01688639508405142 HO HZ, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P257 HUGGINS RM, 1995, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V12, P279, DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370120305 Kunst CB, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P513 Laxova R, 1994, Adv Pediatr, V41, P305 LEVITAS A, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P151, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198309000-00002 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1993, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V14, P328 MCGILLIVRAY BC, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P353, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230127 Menkes J., 1995, TXB CHILD NEUROLOGY MERENSTEIN SA, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P1316, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199411000-00014 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 Mila M, 1996, HUM GENET, V98, P419, DOI 10.1007/s004390050232 Pascual Pascual S I, 1995, Rev Neurol, V23, P644 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 Price DK, 1996, GENOMICS, V31, P3, DOI 10.1006/geno.1996.0002 Pulsifer M B, 1996, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V2, P159 QUAN F, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P1042 RECASENS MM, 1996, AN ESP PEDIAT, V44, P250 REISS AL, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1317 REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P884 REISS AL, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P331, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-331 ROUSSEAU F, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P1006 RYYNANEN M, 1995, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V172, P1236, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)91485-4 SIMKO A, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V83, P547 SLANEY SF, 1995, ARCH DIS CHILD, V72, P33 SPINELLI M, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P39, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600108 TARLETON JC, 1993, J PEDIATR-US, V122, P169, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(06)80110-1 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H Wang ZM, 1996, J MED GENET, V33, P376, DOI 10.1136/jmg.33.5.376 WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 Willemsen R, 1996, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V225, P27, DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1126 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P669 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0210-0010 J9 REV NEUROLOGIA JI Rev. Neurologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 143 BP 1068 EP 1071 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XH593 UT WOS:A1997XH59300015 PM 9280636 ER PT J AU Rosch, PJ AF Rosch, PJ TI Is stress inherited? SO STRESS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE heredity; stress; depression; anxiety; serotonin; dopamine; autism; obsessive compulsive disorder; cholesterol; obesity; suicide; self-esteem; leptin; neuropeptide Y NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0748-8386 J9 STRESS MEDICINE JI Stress Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199707)13:3<139::AID-SMI745>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 5 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA XL987 UT WOS:A1997XL98700001 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RE Schroer, RJ Skinner, C Fender, D Simensen, RJ AF Stevenson, RE Schroer, RJ Skinner, C Fender, D Simensen, RJ TI Autism and macrocephaly SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 S CAROLINA DEPT DISABIL & SPECIAL NEEDS,COLUMBIA,SC. RP Stevenson, RE (reprint author), GREENWOOD GENET CTR,JC SELF RES INST HUMAN GENET,GREENWOOD,SC 29646, USA. CR BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T Davidovitch M, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P389 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 STEVENSON RE, MENT RETARD, V34, P182 NR 5 TC 94 Z9 95 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 14 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9067 BP 1744 EP 1745 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62956-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XE065 UT WOS:A1997XE06500017 PM 9193390 ER PT J AU Skuse, DH James, RS Bishop, DVM Coppin, B Dalton, P AamodtLeeper, G BacareseHamilton, M Creswell, C McGurk, R Jacobs, PA AF Skuse, DH James, RS Bishop, DVM Coppin, B Dalton, P AamodtLeeper, G BacareseHamilton, M Creswell, C McGurk, R Jacobs, PA TI Evidence from Turner's syndrome of an imprinted X-linked locus affecting cognitive function SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; INACTIVATION; DIAGNOSIS; MOUSE AB Turner's syndrome is a sporadic disorder of human females in which all or part of one X chromosome is deleted(1). Intelligence is usually normal(2) but social adjustment problems are common(3). Here we report a study of 80 females with Turner's syndrome and a single X chromosome, in 55 of which the X was maternally derived (45,X-m) and in 25 it was of paternal origin (45,X-p). Members of the 45,XP group were significantly better adjusted, with superior verbal and higher-order executive function skills, which mediate social interactions(4). Our observations suggest that there is a genetic locus for social cognition, which is imprinted(5) and is not expressed from the maternally derived X chromosome. Neuropsychological and molecular investigations of eight females with partial deletions of the short arm of the X chromosome(6) indicate that the putative imprinted locus escapes inactivation(7), and probably lies on Xq or close to the centromere on Xp. If expressed only from the X chromosome of paternal origin, the existence of this locus could explain why 46,XY males (whose single X chromosome is maternal) are more vulnerable to developmental disorders of language and social cognition, such as autism, than are 46,XX females(8). C1 SALISBURY DIST HOSP,WESSEX REG GENET LAB,SALISBURY SP2 8BJ,WILTS,ENGLAND. MRC,APPL PSYCHOL UNIT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2EF,ENGLAND. PRINCESS ANNE HOSP,WESSEX REG GENET SERV,SOUTHAMPTON SO16 5YA,HANTS,ENGLAND. RP Skuse, DH (reprint author), INST CHILD HLTH,BEHAV SCI UNIT,30 GUILFORD ST,LONDON WC1N 1EH,ENGLAND. RI Creswell, Cathy/L-9306-2013 OI Creswell, Cathy/0000-0003-1889-0956 CR Achenbach T. M., 1991, MANUAL TEACHERS REPO Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL YOUTH SELF RE ACHENBACH TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Ballabio Andrea, 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P221, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.4.221 BARLOW DP, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P1610, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5242.1610 Bjorklund DF, 1996, PSYCHOL BULL, V120, P163, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.120.2.163 BORYS SV, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P87, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90008-X DAMASIO AR, 1995, P NY ACAD SCI, V769, P241 DISTECHE CM, 1995, TRENDS GENET, V11, P17, DOI 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)88981-7 EAGLY AH, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P145, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.50.3.145 HASSOLD T, 1992, HUM GENET, V89, P647 JACOBS PA, 1990, ANN HUM GENET, V54, P209, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1990.tb00379.x LEDBETTER DH, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P1757 LYON MF, 1961, NATURE, V190, P372, DOI 10.1038/190372a0 MANLY T, TEST EVERYDAY ATTENT MCCAULEY E, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P464, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01394.x MCCAULEY E, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P105, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60606-3 PENNINGTON BF, 1985, CORTEX, V21, P391 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x RABBITT PMA, IN PRESS METHODOLOGI SAENGER P, 1993, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V77, P297, DOI 10.1210/jc.77.2.297 SKUSE D, 1994, GROWTH STATURE ADAPT, P151 TEMPLE CM, 1995, CORTEX, V31, P109 Wechsler D., 1992, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D., 1986, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wolff DJ, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P154 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE ZUCCOTTI M, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P316, DOI 10.1038/ng0395-316 NR 29 TC 414 Z9 417 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 12 PY 1997 VL 387 IS 6634 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1038/42706 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XD869 UT WOS:A1997XD86900054 PM 9192895 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Introduction to theory of mind: Children, autism and apes - Mitchell,P SO ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Book Review CR Mitchell P, 1997, INTRO THEORY MIND CH NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0001-8449 J9 ADOLESCENCE JI Adolescence PD SUM PY 1997 VL 32 IS 126 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XB767 UT WOS:A1997XB76700039 ER PT J AU Smalley, SL AF Smalley, SL TI Genetic influences in childhood-onset psychiatric disorders: Autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; TOURETTE SYNDROME; FAMILY HISTORY; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ASSOCIATION; RELATIVES; ETIOLOGY; TWIN; COMORBIDITY C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT ADOLESCENT & CHILD PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CR Achenbach TM, 1993, EMPIRICALLY BASED TA American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Benjamin J, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P81, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-81 BIEDERMAN J, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P728 BIEDERMAN J, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P251 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Bolton PF, 1997, LANCET, V349, P392, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 Cantwell DP, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P978, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199608000-00008 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 COMINGS DE, 1995, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V16, P142 COMINGS DE, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P1793, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.13.1793 COMINGS DE, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V44, P452 Comings DE, 1996, PSYCHIAT RES, V63, P25, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02829-6 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P839 Conners K, 1994, CONNERS ABBREVIATED Cook Edwin H. Jr., 1996, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V8, P348, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008 COOK EH, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P993 Cook EH, 1997, MOL PSYCHIATR, V2, P247 Cook EH, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P928 DANIELS WW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V32, P120, DOI 10.1159/000119223 DELONG GR, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 Ebstein RP, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P78, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-78 FARAONE SV, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P398, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90006-X FARAONE SV, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P891 FARAONE SV, 1992, PSYCHIATR GENET, V2, P257, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199210000-00004 Flejter WL, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V61, P182, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960111)61:2<182::AID-AJMG17>3.0.CO;2-Q FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLIS JJ, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF00916694 GIONE H, 1996, AM J ACAD CHILD ADOL, V35, P588 Giros B, 1996, NATURE, V379, P606, DOI 10.1038/379606a0 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Grigorenko EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P27 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 HECHTMAN L, 1994, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V19, P193 HERAULT J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF02172100 HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W Hill JC, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P1143 Hunziker MHL, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P129, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-129 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LaHoste GJ, 1996, MOL PSYCHIATR, V1, P121 Lesch KP, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1527, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5292.1527 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 NELSON KB, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P761 PAULS DL, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P1177 PAULS DL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1044, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025 PAULS DL, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V43, P206 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 ROSSI PG, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P169, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00019-8 RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P439, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199205000-00009 Sherman SL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P1265, DOI 10.1086/515473 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 SMALLEY SL, 1995, PSYCHIAT GENET S, V1, pS88 SMALLEY SL, IN PRESS TXB PEDIAT Spencer T, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P409, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00008 STEIN MA, 1995, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V16, P406 STEVENSON J, 1992, BEHAV GENET, V22, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF01066665 Swanson J, 1995, SNAP 4 SCALE THAPAR A, 1995, BEHAV GENET, V25, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02327577 Waldman I. D., 1996, American Journal of Human Genetics, V59, pA25 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 Warren RP, 1996, MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL, V28, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF02815207 Wolraich ML, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P319, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00013 WOZNIAK J, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1577, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00007 NR 74 TC 139 Z9 145 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1282 DI 10.1086/515485 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XE294 UT WOS:A1997XE29400003 PM 9199546 ER PT J AU Insel, TR AF Insel, TR TI A neurobiological basis of social attachment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID VOLE MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PRAIRIE VOLES; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; FEMALE RAT; VASOPRESSIN SECRETION; AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIOR; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; PARTNER PREFERENCE AB Objective: Although an inability to form normal social attachments characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment. Method: The author reviews animal research on two closely related neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors ns well ns the infant's response to social separation. Results: Both cellular and molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence complex social behaviors. Conclusions: Although their function in the human brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of clinical disorders,such as autism, characterized by an inability to form normal social attachments. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Insel, TR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. CR Archer R., 1974, HDB PHYSL, V4, P119 ARGIOLAS A, 1991, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V15, P217, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80002-8 BAMSHAD M, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V56, P751, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90238-0 Barberis C, 1996, CRIT REV NEUROBIOL, V10, P119 BATESON PPG, 1966, BIOL REV, V41, P177, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1966.tb01489.x BICKNELL RJ, 1982, NATURE, V298, P161, DOI 10.1038/298161a0 Bowlby J., 1982, ATTACHMENT AND LOSS, V1 BRETON C, 1995, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V136, P2928, DOI 10.1210/en.136.7.2928 BROWN JB, 1996, CELL, V86, P1 BUIJS RM, 1982, BRAIN RES, V252, P71, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90979-9 CARTER CS, 1995, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V19, P303 CARTER CS, 1987, HORM BEHAV, V21, P74, DOI 10.1016/0018-506X(87)90032-8 CARTER CS, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P131, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80176-9 CROWLEY RS, 1995, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V136, P224, DOI 10.1210/en.136.1.224 DECASPER AJ, 1986, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V9, P133, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(86)90025-1 DEWIED D, 1993, FRONT NEUROENDOCRIN, V14, P251, DOI 10.1006/frne.1993.1009 Dewsbury D A, 1987, Nebr Symp Motiv, V35, P1 Fisher Helen, 1992, ANATOMY LOVE Gainer H., 1994, PHYSL REPROD, V1, P1099 GETZ LL, 1986, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V18, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF00300004 GETZ LL, 1981, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V8, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF00299829 GETZ LL, 1993, J MAMMAL, V74, P44, DOI 10.2307/1381904 GIORDANO AL, 1990, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V48, P211, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(90)90288-F GRIMM CT, 1983, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V19, P609, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90336-2 HANSEN S, 1991, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V105, P588, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.105.4.588 Harlow H. F., 1979, HUMAN MODEL PRIMATE HARLOW HF, 1970, AM PSYCHOL, V25, P161, DOI 10.1037/h0029383 Hinde R. A., 1983, PRIMATE SOCIAL RELAT HOFER MA, 1984, PSYCHOSOM MED, V46, P183 Hudson Robyn, 1993, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, V3, P548, DOI 10.1016/0959-4388(93)90054-3 INSEL TR, 1991, EUR J PHARMACOL, V203, P149, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90806-2 INSEL TR, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V57, P615, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00362-9 INSEL TR, 1995, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V109, P782, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.109.4.782 INSEL TR, 1994, J NEUROSCI, V14, P5381 INSEL TR, 1992, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V17, P3, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90073-G Insel TR, 1990, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V2, P1 INSEL TR, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P5981, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5981 JANNETT F J JR, 1980, Biologist (Charleston), V62, P3 JANNETT FJ, 1982, J MAMMAL, V63, P495, DOI 10.2307/1380450 JOHNSON AE, 1989, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V125, P1414 KEVERNE EB, 1989, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V14, P155, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(89)90065-6 KLEIMAN DG, 1977, Q REV BIOL, V52, P39, DOI 10.1086/409721 KOW LM, 1991, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, V54, P526, DOI 10.1159/000125948 KRAEMER G, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P494 LEAKE RD, 1981, BIOL NEONATE, V39, P127 LOUP F, 1991, BRAIN RES, V555, P220, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90345-V MCGUIRE B, 1984, ANIM BEHAV, V32, P1132, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80229-8 MCGUIRE B, 1986, J MAMMAL, V67, P305, DOI 10.2307/1380883 MENDOZA SP, 1986, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V38, P795, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90045-4 MERENDINO JJ, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P1538, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199305273282106 MURPHY MR, 1987, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V65, P738 Nelson E, 1996, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V110, P583 NISHIMORI K, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P777 Numan M, 1994, PHYSL REPRODUCTION, V2, P221 OLIVERAS D, 1986, ANIM BEHAV, V34, P519, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(86)80120-8 PEDERSEN CA, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P1163, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.108.6.1163 PEDERSEN CA, 1979, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V76, P6661, DOI 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6661 PFAFF D, 1973, J COMP NEUROL, V151, P121, DOI 10.1002/cne.901510204 RAGGENBASS M, 1988, J RECEPTOR RES, V8, P273, DOI 10.3109/10799898809048992 ROBINSON SR, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V57, P953, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00358-C SAMSON WK, 1986, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V119, P554 SCHANBERG SM, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P1431, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03856.x SHAPIRO LE, 1990, J COMP PSYCHOL, V104, P268, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.104.3.268 SHAPIRO LE, 1990, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V23, P375, DOI 10.1002/dev.420230502 SHAPIRO LE, 1989, SYNAPSE, V4, P259, DOI 10.1002/syn.890040312 Smotherman W. P., 1991, DEV PSYCHOBIOLOGY NE, P148 SMOTHERMAN WP, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P951, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.951 SNOWDON CT, 1990, CONT ISSUES COMP PSY, P225, DOI 10.1037/11525-010 SOFRONIEW MV, 1981, ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES, P327 STANTON ME, 1987, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V20, P131, DOI 10.1002/dev.420200204 TRIBOLLET E, 1989, J NEUROSCI, V9, P1764 TRIBOLLET E, 1991, DEV BRAIN RES, V58, P13, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(91)90232-8 VANSCHAIK CP, 1990, BEHAVIOUR, V115, P30, DOI 10.1163/156853990X00284 Wang ZX, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V366, P726 WANG ZX, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P400, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.1.400 WANG ZX, 1994, BRAIN RES, V650, P212, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91784-1 WHITNALL MH, 1985, J NEUROSCI, V5, P98 WILLIAMS JR, 1994, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V6, P247, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00579.x WINSLOW JT, 1993, NATURE, V365, P545, DOI 10.1038/365545a0 WINSLOW JT, 1993, EUR J PHARMACOL, V233, P101, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90354-K WINSLOW JT, 1991, J NEUROSCI, V11, P2032 WINSLOW JT, 1990, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V254, P212 WITT DM, 1995, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V19, P315 YONG LJ, 1997, INTEGRATIVE NEUROBIO, V21, P514 NR 84 TC 282 Z9 286 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 154 IS 6 BP 726 EP 735 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XA587 UT WOS:A1997XA58700003 PM 9167498 ER PT J AU Tordjman, S AF Tordjman, S TI Learning and cognition in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 97 IS 2 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XK209 UT WOS:A1997XK20900024 ER PT J AU Plumet, MH AF Plumet, MH TI Behavioral issues in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR Schopler E, 1994, BEHAV ISSUES AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 97 IS 2 BP 372 EP 373 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XK209 UT WOS:A1997XK20900025 ER PT J AU Nadel, J AF Nadel, J TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE LA French DT Book Review CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0003-5033 J9 ANN PSYCHOL JI Annee Psychol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 97 IS 2 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XK209 UT WOS:A1997XK20900026 ER PT J AU Volden, J Mulcahy, RF Holdgrafer, G AF Volden, J Mulcahy, RF Holdgrafer, G TI Pragmatic language disorder and perspective taking in autistic speakers SO APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS LA English DT Article ID REFERENTIAL COMMUNICATION; CHILDREN; MIND AB The relationship between pragmatic referential communication skill and the cognitive ability to assess and assume another person's conceptual viewpoint was investigated in the autistic population. Ten high functioning autistic adolescents and young adults were matched for age and sex to normally development controls and give referential communication and perspective-taking tasks that had been previously demonstrated to be of comparable complexity. The groups were selected to be similar in terms of language skill. But despite their intact, elementary perspective-taking skills, the autistic subjects displayed significant communicative dysfunction. This suggests that factors other than a deficiency in the development of a ''theory of mind'' are significant contributors to the social communicative disorder associated with autism. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2M7,CANADA. RP Volden, J (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,5804 FAIRVIEW AVE,VANCOUVER,BC V6J 4X9,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOUCHER J, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P181 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HOLDGRAFER G, 1986, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V7, P373, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400007736 JARROLD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02172127 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1946, AM J PSYCHIAT, V103, P242 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LOVELAND KA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02284758 LOVELAND KA, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P593 LOVELAND KA, 1989, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V10, P301, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000864X REED T, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF02172212 ROBERTS RJ, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P1005, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00521.x Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1987, DEV LANGUAGE LANGUAG, P249 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE, P69 Tager-Flusberg H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P92 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P577, DOI 10.1007/BF02172139 Ungerer JA, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P75 VOLDEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02284755 VOLDEN J, 1993, J CLIN SPEECH LANGUA, V13, P36 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 *WHO, 1987, ICD 10 1986 DRAFT CH NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0142-7164 J9 APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST JI Appl. Psycholinguist. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1017/S0142716400009966 PG 18 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA XP930 UT WOS:A1997XP93000004 ER PT J AU Loveland, KA TunaliKotoski, B Chen, YR Ortegon, J Pearson, DA Brelsford, KA Gibes, MC AF Loveland, KA TunaliKotoski, B Chen, YR Ortegon, J Pearson, DA Brelsford, KA Gibes, MC TI Emotion recognition in autism: Verbal and nonverbal information SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDS APPRAISAL; DOWN-SYNDROME; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXPRESSIONS; PEOPLE; FACES; ADOLESCENTS; ABILITY; VOICES AB This study examined the roles of verbal and nonverbal sources of information in the ability of persons with and without autism to recognize emotion. Child, adolescent, and young adult participants in four groups [Lower Functioning Autism (LFA) (n = 17), High Functioning Autism (HFA) (n = 18), Lower Functioning Comparison (LFC) (n = 18), and High Functioning Comparison (HFC) (n = 23)] identified emotions shown (happy, angry, sad, surprised, or neutral) in video clips of individuals expressing emotion verbally, nonverbally, or both. Verbal expressions of emotion were either Explicit, Implicit, or Neutral, whereas nonverbal expressions were Animate or Flat (3 x 2). Pairwise ANCOVAs indicated no group differences between HFA and HFC groups or between the LFA and LFC groups, and indicated instead group differences between higher and lower functioning persons. With groups collapsed into High Functioning (HF) and Lower Functioning (LF), significant group differences were found. Performance of LF individuals suggested they had difficulty inferring how a person felt based on what the person said, if the emotion was not explicitly named. Performance of HF individuals suggested they relied more on nonverbal than on verbal information to determine a speaker's emotion, except where the emotion was explicitly named. Results suggested that persons with autistic spectrum disorders can use affective information from multiple sources in much the same ways as persons of comparable developmental level without autism. RP Loveland, KA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,CTR HUMAN DEV RES,MENTAL SCI INST,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,1300 MOURSUND ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. CR BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 BARONCOHEN S, 1993, COGNITION EMOTION, V7, P507, DOI 10.1080/02699939308409202 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BORMANNKISCHKEL C, 1990, INT J BEHAV DEV, V13, P355 CAPPS L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x CICCHETTI D, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P920, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1976.tb02271.x Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FEIN D, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1157, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00935.x FELDMAN RS, 1993, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V17, P341 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GEORGE MS, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P384 GNEPP J, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P114, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.23.1.114 GNEPP J, 1983, DEV PSYCHOL, V19, P805, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.19.6.805 Hauck M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02178189 HOBSON RP, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P63, DOI 10.1007/BF01487260 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P434 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LOVELAND K A, 1991, Ecological Psychology, V3, P99, DOI 10.1207/s15326969eco0302_3 LOVELAND KA, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P84 LOVELAND KA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02284758 LOVELAND KA, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P409 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MCALPINE C, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P29 McCarthy D., 1972, MCCARTHY SCALES CHIL NOLLER P, 1985, J NONVERBAL BEHAV, V9, P28, DOI 10.1007/BF00987557 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHIDL PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P346 PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x ROJAHN J, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P477 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN M, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P139 SNOW EM, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V26, P836 STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x VOKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V26, P156 Wing L., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P129 Young AW, 1996, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V34, P31, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00062-3 NR 44 TC 79 Z9 80 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 579 EP 593 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XY457 UT WOS:A1997XY45700008 PM 9327241 ER PT J AU Howlin, P AF Howlin, P TI Prognosis in autism: Do specialist treatments affect long-term outcome? SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; prognosis; follow-up; interventions ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; DOUBLE-BLIND; VESTIBULAR STIMULATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; NALTREXONE; SYMPTOMS; HALOPERIDOL; MAGNESIUM; DISORDER AB Many different treatments have been claimed to have a dramatic impact on children with autism. This paper reviews what is known about the outcome in adult life and examines the limitations and advantages of a variety of intervention approaches. It concludes that there is little evidence of any ''cure'' for autism, but appropriately structured programmes for education and management in the early years can play a significant role in enhancing functioning in later life. RP Howlin, P (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHOL,CRANMER TERRACE,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 CR ALVIN J, 1968, MUSIC THERAPY AUTIST *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, RES FAC COMM AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 Anderson S. R., 1987, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V10, P352 ARENDT RE, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P333, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90016-L ARMENTEROS JL, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P363 ARROW P, 1993, COMMUNICATION, V27, P8 Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION BARRERA FJ, 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P199 Bebko JM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02276233 BEISLER JM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF01531732 BENJAMIN S, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P238, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00020 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS Bettison S, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF02172480 BIDET B, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF01046232 BIGNELL L, 1991, HIGASHI UPDATE, V25, P9 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BOATMAN MJ, 1960, ETIOLOGY SCHIZOPHREN BOUVARD MP, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P191, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02601-R BRANDON D, 1989, SOCIAL WORK TODAY, V20, P14 BRANDON D, 1989, COMMUNITY LIVING, V2, P9 BROCKLEHURSTWOODS J, 1990, AM J OCCUP THER, V44, P536 BUTERA G, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A CAMPBELL M, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1262, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199510000-00011 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CHUNG SY, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF02284720 COLEMAN M, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, V126, P317 COLEMAN M, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P219 CONNEALLY S, 1989, IRISH PSYCHOL, V16, P5 COOK EH, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1292, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00025 CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 Cummins R. A., 1988, NEUROLOGICALLY IMPAI Delacato C. H, 1974, ULTIMATE STRANGER AU DURA JR, 1988, MENT RETARD, V26, P83 DURAND VM, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P251, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-251 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V1112, P607 ELGAR S, 1989, COMMUNICATION, V23, P5 ELLIOTT RO, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF02172138 EMERSON E, 1990, MENTAL HANDICAP, V18, P92 FENICHEL C, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02105369 FENSKE EC, 1985, ANAL INTERVENTION DE, V5, P5 FISCHER I, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P90 Fombonne E, 1989, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V52, P12 Gillberg C., 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P272 GOLDFARB W, 1961, GROWTH CHANGE SCHIZO Goode S., 1994, 13 BIENN M INT SOC S GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Grandin Temple, 1995, P137 Grandin T, 1992, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, V2, P63, DOI 10.1089/cap.1992.2.63 Grandin T., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P105 GRAZIANO AM, 1970, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V36, P765 Hadwin J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P345 HALPERN WI, 1970, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V40, P665 HAMILTONELY SP, 1990, COMMUNICATION, V24, P6 HARRIS SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02206854 HARRIS SL, 1995, CURR I AUT, P293 HERMAN BH, 1991, P 38 ANN M AM AC CHI HOBSON RP, 1990, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V60, P324, DOI 10.1037/h0079169 HOWLIN P, 1996, ACPP OCCASIONAL PAPE, V13 HOWLIN P, 1997, IN PRESS AUTISM PERV HOWLIN P, 1994, COMMUNICATION, V28, P10 Howlin P., 1997, AUTISM PREPARING ADU Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C Howlin P, 1996, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V20, P103, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(95)00121-2 Hoyson M., 1985, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V8, P157 IRLEN H, 1995, COMMUNICATION, V29, P8 JONES JL, 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P215 JONES LJ, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P37 JONES RSP, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P853, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-853 JORDAN J, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P9, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-9 Jordan R. R., 1995, UNDERSTANDING TEACHI JORDAN RR, 1990, OPTION APPROACH AUTI Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KAUFMAN BN, 1977, LOW IS BE HAPPY KAUFMAN BN, 1981, MIRACLE BELIEVE KITAHARA K, 1984, DAILY LIFE THERAPY, V2 KITAHARA K, 1983, DAILY LIFE THERAPY, V1 KOBAYASHI R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF01048242 KOLMEN BK, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P223, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00018 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS Lewis MH, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02172018 LOCKYER L, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LORD C, 1996, LEARNING COGNITION A LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF02104997 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LOVAAS OI, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P617, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-617 LOVAAS OL, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C MACDONALD H, 1991, COMMUNICATION, V25, P5 MARATOS O, 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG MARTINEAU J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF02212198 MARTINEAU J, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P467, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90019-8 MASON SM, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P361 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 McGee J. J., 1987, GENTLE TEACHING NONA MCGEE JJ, 1985, MENTAL HANDICAP NZ, V9, P13 MCGEE JJ, 1990, CURRENT PERSPECTIVES, P237 MCGEE JJ, 1990, MENTAL HANDICAP NURS, V86, P68 MESIBOV GB, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P373 MULLER J, 1993, COMMUNICATION, V27, P6 MULLER PA, 1993, THESIS U READING MUNDY P, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P373 OGORMAN G, 1970, NATURE CHILDHOOD AUT ORNITZ EM, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P148 OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 PAISEY TJ, 1989, BEHAVIORAL RESIDENTI, V4, P69, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360040202 PERRY R, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P232, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00019 PFEIFFER SI, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF02178295 PREKOP JL, 1984, KINDERARZT, V15, P798 Prizant BM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF02172007 Quill K. A., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU QUILL KA, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P637 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 RAITEN DJ, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P133, DOI 10.1007/BF01531725 REDEFER LA, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P461, DOI 10.1007/BF02212943 RENZONI E, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P327 RICHER J, 1989, COMMUNICATION, V23, P35 RIMLAND B, 1988, AUTISM RES REV INT, V23 RIMLAND B, 1994, AUTISM RES REV INT RIMLAND B, 1995, STUDIES HIGH DOSE VI RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT Rimland B., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V5, P16 RIMLAND B, 1988, AUTISM RES REV INT RIMLAND B, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02178168 Rimland B, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P237, DOI 10.1007/BF02172019 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 RUTTER M, 1992, SPECIFIC SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN : CORRELATES, CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES, P63 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 RUTTER M, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P241 SANCHEZ LE, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P371 Schopler E., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P243 SCHOPLER E, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A SCHOPLER E, 1982, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P65 Schreibman L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172021 SCHULER AL, 1989, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V10, P51, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1082489 Shane Howard C., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SHORT AB, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P443, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00163.x STEHLI A, 1992, SOUND MIRACLE CHILDS SWETTENHAM J, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P157 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 SZUREK SA, 1956, PSYCHIATR, V19, P1 Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.005 TAYLOR E, 1997, UNPUB J CHILD PSYCHO Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG TSALTAS MO, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P69 UPTON G, 1992, COMMUNICATION, V26, P9 WARREN PR, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P186 Welch M, 1988, HOLDING TIME WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE WIMPORY D, 1991, COMMUNICATION, V25, P15 Wolf D. H., 1993, ADV HEAT TRANSFER, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2717(08)70005-4 YULE W, 1993, P C EV COND ED BIRM ZAPPELLA M, 1988, TERAPIE AUTISMO NR 166 TC 58 Z9 58 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 55 EP 72 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XL266 UT WOS:A1997XL26600001 PM 9257087 ER PT J AU Pedersen, J Schelde, T AF Pedersen, J Schelde, T TI Behavioral aspects of infantile autism: An ethological description SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ethology; infantile autism; nonverbal communication; interpersonal relations; comparative study ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION AB Eighteen children classified in four diagnostic groups - Infantile Autism, Full Syndrome Present (IA), Infantile Autism, Residual State (IA-R), Hyperkinetic Syndrome (HYPER), and Mental Retardation (MR)- were mutually compared on the basis of their behavior in a free child-adult Interaction. An ethological analysis of 80 behavioral elements was performed, aiming at describing this interaction in detail. The analysis demonstrated that the autistic children with full syndrome present stayed closer to the adult and that they were more inclined to decrease the interpersonal distance than the children in the three other groups. Moreover, this group was often engaged in bodily contact with the adult. However, their facial orientation towards the adult was poorly developed, in fact they usually turned away their faces. Visual attention to the adult and manipulated objects was relatively low. Hand and head gestures were rare, but facial expressions occurred very frequently. Speech was seriously impaired, but probably counterbalanced by nonarticulated sounds. Finally the adult seemed to have modified her behavior on a par with the child she was interacting with. From a behavioral point of view the autistic group with full syndrome present was clearly distinguishable from the three comparison groups, including the group with residual state autism. C1 FREDERIKSBERG UNIV HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DK-2000 FREDERIKSBERG,DENMARK. RP Pedersen, J (reprint author), BISPEBJERG HOSP,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,F-5,BISPEBJERG BAKKE 30,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN NV,DENMARK. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BUITELAAR JK, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x Castell R., 1970, BEHAV STUDIES PSYCHI, P91 CHURCHIL.DW, 1972, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V13, P171, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(72)90023-5 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P213 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x Hutt C, 1970, BEHAV STUDIES PSYCHI, P103 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LOVELAND KA, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V31, P593 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OCONNOR N, 1963, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V3, P29 PEDERSEN J, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V80, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02991.x RICHER J, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P898, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80020-6 RICHER JM, 1976, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V53, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00074.x Rutter M., 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P545 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Siegel S., 1956, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x VANENGELAND H, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P879 WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 96 EP 106 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XL266 UT WOS:A1997XL26600005 PM 9257091 ER PT J AU Simons, D Goode, S Fombonne, E AF Simons, D Goode, S Fombonne, E TI Elective mutism and chromosome 18 abnormality SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SELECTIVE MUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS RP Simons, D (reprint author), MAUDSLEY HOSP & INST PSYCHIAT,DENMARK HILL,DE CRESPIGNY PK,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLACK B, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P1000, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199409000-00010 BLACK B, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P847, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199507000-00007 BLACK B, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1090, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00015 Fundudis T, 1979, SPEECH RETARDED DEAF GHAZIUDDIN M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P313 KOLVIN I, 1981, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V22, P219, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00548.x Kussmaul A., 1877, STORUNGEN SPRACHE LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 POISSONNIER M, 1992, ANN GENET-PARIS, V35, P146 SMITH S, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P6 Steinhausen HC, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P606, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199605000-00015 Tramer M., 1934, Z KINDERPSYCHIAT, V1, P30 Wang Sue-Fan, 1994, Acta Paediatrica Sinica, V35, P78 WILKINS R, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V146, P198, DOI 10.1192/bjp.146.2.198 World Health Organziation, 1992, ICD10 CLASS MENT BEH WRIGHT HH, 1994, PSYCHOL REP, V74, P995 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XL266 UT WOS:A1997XL26600007 PM 9257093 ER PT J AU Koegel, LK Koegel, RL Smith, A AF Koegel, LK Koegel, RL Smith, A TI Variables related to differences in standardized test outcomes for children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether manipulation of variables related to motivation and attention in children with autism would influence performance on standardized tests. Two different testing conditions were compared: One consisted of the usual standardized testing procedures; during the other specific variables that were hypothesized to 'relate to each child's responsiveness to task stimuli were manipulated Data were collected in the context of a repeated reversals experimental design with condition order varied within and across children. Sir children participated in a total of 44 separate testing sessions, controlled for order of conditions, number of sessions, and type of test. Results showed consistent differences between the two conditions, suggesting that improving motivation and attention in children with autism may considerably influence test performance and interpretation. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulty in administering and interpreting changes in performance on standardized tests with this population. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,GRAD SCH EDUC,AUTISM RES CTR,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BERLINER DC, 1988, HISPANIC J BEHAV SCI, V10, P273, DOI 10.1177/07399863880103007 *CAL ASS SCH PSYC, 1987, DOC REC CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CARR M, 1991, DEV PSYCHOL, V27, P108, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.27.1.108 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FARB J, 1977, RES PRACTICE MENTAL, V2, P129 FOSTER R, 1973, ASSESSMENT CHILDRENS FUCHS LS, 1993, CURRICULUM BASED ASS GOOD RH, 1988, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V17, P51 Horner R., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE KOEGEL LK, 1993, ADV ABNORMAL PSYCHOL KOEGEL LK, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1991, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT KOEGEL RL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF02211871 KOEGEL RL, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02259.x KOEGEL R L, 1987, Seminars in Speech and Language, V8, P241, DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1082443 LAMBERT NM, 1981, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V19, P323, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(81)90026-1 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LOVAAS OI, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 MITTLER, 1966, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI NORRIS MK, 1989, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V20, P381 ROTHMAN RW, 1988, ACAD THER, V23, P341 RYAN EB, 1986, J LEARN DISABIL, V19, P521 SELIGMAN MEP, 1976, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI THORNDIKE RL, 1986, STNAFORD BINET INTEL THRONE JM, 1977, P 4 ANN C EXH EV MEA, P161 TORGESEN JK, 1983, CURRENT TOPICS LEARN, P3 TURNBULL HR, 1993, FREE APPROPRIATE PUB WILLIAMS TS, 1983, J EDUC, V165, P192 ZIGLER E, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P340, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb01322.x NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1023/A:1025894213424 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400002 PM 9229256 ER PT J AU MirandaLinne, FM Melin, L AF MirandaLinne, FM Melin, L TI A comparison of speaking and mute individuals with autism and autistic-like conditions on the autism behavior checklist SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; MEASURED INTELLIGENCE; PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN; SOCIAL-CLASS; FOLLOW-UP; INSTRUMENTS; PREVALENCE; AGE AB The item, total and subscale scores on the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were compared for 155 mute and 335 speaking individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Although no significant difference was observed between the groups on the ABC total score, the mure group demonstrated significantly more pathology on 21 of 57 items and 3 of 5 subscales. The speaking group obtained significantly higher scores on only 8 items and 1 subscale (Language). The appropriateness of providing greater pathology scores on expressive language items to speaking, rather than to muse, individuals is called into question. The authors speculate whether the expressive language items are weighted too heavily, in regard both to the Language subscale and to the ABC total score. If the expressive language items were removed, the mute group would have significantly higher RBC total scores and therefore a greater degree of autism severity. C1 UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,S-75142 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CR Alpert C. L., 1985, TEACHING FUNCTIONAL, P123 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALTAXE CAM, 1981, SPEECH EVALUATION PS BOHMAN M, 1983, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPR BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x COHEN DJ, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P589, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61013-X Coleman M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 DEMYER MK, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P42, DOI 10.1007/BF02104999 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V112, P607 FAY WH, 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU, P1 FAY WH, 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU, P19 FISH B, 1966, AM J PSYCHIAT, V123, P32 FREEMAN BJ, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P588, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60352-6 FREEMAN BJ, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P576, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61012-8 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P223, DOI 10.1007/BF01531368 GILLBERG C, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P624 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GITTELMA.M, 1967, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V17, P16 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 KANNER L, 1946, AM J PSYCHIAT, V103, P242 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V10, P411, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(89)90019-1 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x KRUG DA, 1980, AUTISM SREENING INST KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MITTLER P, 1966, J MENT DEFIC RES, V10, P73 ORNITZ EM, 1973, CALIF MED, V118, P21 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 PRIOR M, 1975, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V31, P510 Rimland B., 1964, INFANTILE AUTISM RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RITVO ER, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P297 Ruttenberg B. A., 1977, BEHAV RATING INSTRUM RUTTER M, 1965, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V7, P518 RUTTER M, 1987, LANGUAGE DEV DISORDE Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P85 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 RUTTER M, 1977, CHILD PSYCHIAT MODER, P717 SCHOPLER E, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P387, DOI 10.1007/BF01538171 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02206868 SHORT AB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF02211947 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SMITH B, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P551, DOI 10.1007/BF02172137 STEFFENBURG S, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGICAL CORR STONE WL, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P639, DOI 10.1007/BF01046106 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046325 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TEAL MB, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF01531713 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 TSAI LY, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P373, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.4.373 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P1450 WADDEN NPK, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02206875 WALKER HA, 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROME, P209 WENAR C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531662 WING L, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P89 WING L, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P173 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 WING L, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V137, P410, DOI 10.1192/bjp.137.5.410 WING L, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01550280 WING L, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02066.x WOLF L, 1986, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V31, P550 WOLFF S, 1965, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V6, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02152.x YIRMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02172227 NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1025846330262 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400003 PM 9229257 ER PT J AU Pierce, K Glad, KS Schreibman, L AF Pierce, K Glad, KS Schreibman, L TI Social perception in children with autism: An attentional deficit? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; PEOPLE; MIND; RECOGNITION; LANGUAGE; ADULTS; DELAY; FACES; CUES AB Research suggests that the attentional deficits found in children with autism may be related to impairments in social functioning (e.g., Courchesne et at, 1994a, 1994b; Lewy & Dawson, 1992; Schreibman & Lovaas, 1973). In the present investigation, 14 children with autism, 14 mentally handicapped, and 14 typically functioning children participated in a study designed to investigate the effects of number of social cues on the ability to interpret social situations. Participants were shown videotaped vignettes of child-child interactions in which the number of cues leading to the correct interpretation of the story varied from one to four (i.e., tone, content, nonverbal, or nonverbal with object). Subjects were then asked a series of questions which varied in degree of complexity. Overall, results indicated that children with autism performed as well as both groups of comparison subjects on general attention questions (i.e., identification of number and gender of interactants) and social perception questions relating to stories containing one cue. However; children with autism performed more poorly than both comparison groups on social perception questions relating to stories containing multiple cues. Results are discussed in terms of an attentional dysfunction hypothesis of autism. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. RP Pierce, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHOL 0109,9500 GILMAN DR,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 BURKE JC, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P37 BURKE JC, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF02284721 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P1 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, 1990, M INT NEUR SOC ORL F Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA GARRETSON HB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF02206860 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02212860 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kinsbourne M., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P107, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1992-2_ KOEGEL RL, 1976, J ABNORMAL CHILD PSY, V5, P59 KOEGEL RL, 1973, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V15, P442, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(73)90094-5 KOLO DJ, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P259 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LEWY AL, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF00911240 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PIERCE K, 1995, BIANN C SOC RES CHIL Posner M., 1978, CHRONOMETRIC EXPLORA PRICE J, 1990, ANN M SOC RES CHILD Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SIGMAN M, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P139 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 TOWNSEND J, IN PRESS J INT NEURO WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 265 EP 282 DI 10.1023/A:1025898314332 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400004 PM 9229258 ER PT J AU ONeill, M Jones, RSP AF ONeill, M Jones, RSP TI Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in autism: A case for more research? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; EXPERIENCE; SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN AB Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in people with autism are discussed from two perspectives: published firsthand accounts and existing psychological research evidence. A range of abnormalities, including hyper- and hyposensitivity, sensory distortion and overload, and multichannel receptivity and processing difficulties are described in firsthand accounts and frequently portrayed as central to the autistic experience. A number of dangers are inherent in uncritically accepting these accounts at face value and in arty wider generalization to the autistic population as a whole. Evidence from clinical studies suggests that unusual sensory responses are present in a majority of autistic children that they are manifested very early in development, and that they may be linked with other aspects of autistic behavior In addition, experimental studies using a range of indices have found evidence of unusual responses to sensory stimuli in autistic subjects. However the clinical and experimental research to date suffers from serious methodological limitations and more systematic investigation is warranted. Key issues for future psychological research in the area are identified. C1 GWYNEDD COMMUNITY HLTH TRUST,BANGOR,GWYNEDD,WALES. UNIV WALES,BANGOR,GWYNEDD,WALES. CR Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 BEMPORAD JR, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF01531533 Bettison S., 1994, SPECIAL ED PERSPECTI, V3 BRIERE J, 1992, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V60, P196, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.60.2.196 CARPENTER A, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND CESARONI L, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02207327 CESARONI L, 1990, THESIS U TORONTO CONDON WS, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01537971 COURCHESNE E, 1990, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V2, P685, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199008000-00010 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 DAWSON M, 1983, THESIS U NOTTINGHAM DeMeyer M. K., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P169 DESLAURIERS AM, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01537871 FRANKEL F, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V81, P32 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GRANDIN T, 1992, IAAE C HAG NETH Grandin T., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P105 GRANDIN T, 1986, EMERGENCE LABELLED A Happe FGE, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.007 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI JAMES AL, 1980, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V6, P506 MEIDZIANIK D, 1986, MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY METZ JR, 1967, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V72, P529, DOI 10.1037/h0020113 Ornitz E. M., 1978, COGNITIVE DEFECTS DE, P24 Ornitz E. M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 ORNITZ EM, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01538999 Stehli Annabel, 1991, SOUND MIRACLE CHILDS VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60226-0 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF01837898 WHITE BB, 1987, MED HYPOTHESES, V24, P223, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(87)90068-5 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WING L, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V1, P1 NR 35 TC 97 Z9 98 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1023/A:1025850431170 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400005 PM 9229259 ER PT J AU Horrigan, JP Barnhill, LJ AF Horrigan, JP Barnhill, LJ TI Risperidone and explosive aggressive autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISORDER; HALOPERIDOL; DYSKINESIAS; PLACEBO; ADULTS AB Many autistic patients with mental retardation have difficulties with explosivity and aggression. They often prove resistant to various pharmacotherapeutic interventions. In this study, 11 male outpatients (mean 28.3 years) were administered risperidone in an open-label fashion. The risperidone was started at 0.5 mg daily, and titrated upwards until maximum clinical benefit occurred. Serial clinical interviews were conducted, and Conners Parent-Teacher Questionnaires (short form) were completed by the caretakers. Substantial clinical improvement was noted almost immediately in each patient, with aggression, self-injury, explosivity, and poor sleep hygiene mast improved. The modal dose for optimal response was 0.5 mg bid. Weight gain was a significant side effect (average velocity of 0.47 kg per week), while none of the patients experienced extrapyramidal side effects. RP Horrigan, JP (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CB 7160,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR ADDINGTON DE, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P484 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BIRMAHER B, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P248, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00020 CAMPBELL M, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CHANCE WT, 1993, NUTRITION, V9, P470 CHOUINARD G, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V13, P25 CHOUINARD G, 1993, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V38, pS89 Conners C. K., 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V9, P24 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 FERRARI F, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V56, P921, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90324-7 GADOW KD, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P153, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00861.x GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 JASELSKIS CA, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P322 LOCASCIO JJ, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P119 MALONE RP, 1991, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V27, P113 MURRAY S, 1995, PSYCHIATR SERV, V46, P951 NAJARA JE, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P534 NASS R, 1992, CHILD ADOLESCENT NEU, P56 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1292, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199510000-00014 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 RATEY JJ, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF01487073 REALMUTO GM, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P122, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198904000-00009 REMINGTON GJ, 1993, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V38, pS96 RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 SCHERER J, 1994, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V90, P266, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01591.x Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P493 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WONG V, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P316 NR 31 TC 89 Z9 90 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1023/A:1025854532079 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400007 PM 9229261 ER PT J AU Charman, T BaronCohen, S AF Charman, T BaronCohen, S TI Brief report: Prompted pretend play in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; ELICITED PLAY; CHILDHOOD C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN, ENGLAND. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UCL, SUB DEPT CLIN HLTH PSYCHOL, GOWER ST, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P207 Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BOUCHER J, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P205 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x FEIN GG, 1975, DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P291, DOI 10.1037/h0076568 Harris P., 1993, Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P543 JARROLD C, 1994, MIND LANG, V9, P445, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1994.tb00318.x Jarrold C, 1996, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P275 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Raven JC., 1956, COLOURED PROGR MATRI RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 WULFF SB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531600 NR 24 TC 47 Z9 48 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1023/A:1025806616149 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400008 PM 9229262 ER PT J AU Aman, MG VanBourgondien, ME Osborne, PW Sarphare, G AF Aman, MG VanBourgondien, ME Osborne, PW Sarphare, G TI Side effects associated with psychoactive medication in individuals with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515. ROSEWOOD CTR,OWINGS MILLS,MD. RP Aman, MG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,UAP,NISONGER CTR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 AMAN MG, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY D, P168 Kozlowski B W, 1992, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, V2, P307, DOI 10.1089/cap.1992.2.307 Werry JS, 1993, PRACTITIONERS GUIDE WERRY JS, 1993, PRACTITIONERS GUIDE, P391 WOLF SM, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P728 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 342 EP 344 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400012 PM 9229265 ER PT J AU Panerai, S Ferrante, L Caputo, V AF Panerai, S Ferrante, L Caputo, V TI The TEACCH strategy in mentally retarded children with autism: A multidimensional assessment. Pilot study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter RP Panerai, S (reprint author), OSAI INST RES MENTAL RETARDAT & BRAIN IMAGING,TROINA,ITALY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th LORD C, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P199 MARCUS LM, 1993, PRESCHOOL ISSUES AUT, P149 Mesibov G B, 1983, Child Health Care, V12, P20, DOI 10.1207/s15326888chc1201_3 Schopler E., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P243 SCHOPLER E, 1986, SOCIAL SCI, V71, P183 Schopler E., 1994, PSYCHOSES PERVASIVE, V3, P91 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400013 PM 9229266 ER PT J AU Lord, C AF Lord, C TI Why is more serious scientific consideration not given to alternative and less conventional theories and treatments in the field of autism? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 349 EP 349 DI 10.1023/A:1025814817967 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XC904 UT WOS:A1997XC90400015 ER PT J AU Brodkin, ES McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Price, LH AF Brodkin, ES McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Price, LH TI Clomipramine in adults with pervasive developmental disorders: A prospective open-label investigation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 148th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 20-26, 1995 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; FLUID 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; IMPORTANT DRUG-INTERACTIONS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MONOAMINE METABOLITES; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; AMINE METABOLITES; SPINAL-FLUID AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine the short-term efficacy and tolerability of clomipramine in a consecutive series of adults with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Thirty-five adults with PDDs (DSM-IV), 16 of whom were nonverbal, entered a 12-week prospective open-label trial of clomipramine. The initial sample included 18 patients with autistic disorder, 6 patients with Asperger's disorder, and 11 patients with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Behavioral ratings were obtained at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of clomipramine. Eighteen (55%) of the 33 patients who completed the trial were categorized as treatment responders based on scores of ''much improved'' or ''very much improved'' on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) global improvement item (p < 0.001). Ten (63%) of 16 patients with autistic disorder, 2 (33%) of 6 patients with Asperger's disorder, and 6 (55%) of 11 patients with PDDNOS were considered responders to clomipramine treatment. In those 18 patients, clomipramine significantly reduced total repetitive thoughts and behavior (p < 0.001) and also aggression (p < 0.001), and improved some aspects of social relatedness, such as eye contact and verbal responsiveness (p < 0.001). Change in these specific symptom clusters over time was not related to DSM-IV subtype of PDD. The level of autistic behavior, as measured by the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score, and full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) were not significantly associated with global treatment response. Whereas clomipramine was well tolerated by most patients, 13 had clinically significant adverse effects. Three patients had seizures during clomipramine treatment, including 2 who had prior seizure disorders and were taking anticonvulsants. Of the 32 patients who had no history of prior seizures, only 1 had a seizure during clomipramine treatment. There were no adverse cardiovascular or extrapyramidal effects. All responders continued on clomipramine after completion of the study. The results of this open-label trial suggest that clomipramine may be an effective drug for reducing repetitive thoughts and actions and aggressive behavior and for improving some elements of social behavior, such as eye contact and verbal responsivity in adults with PDDs, Careful monitoring of adverse effects, particularly seizures, is warranted. Although an electroencephalogram (EEG) is not mandatory in patients with PDD prior to clomipramine treatment, we recommend that patients with PDD and a history of seizures be treated initially with a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor rather than with clomipramine. The findings of this study require replication in a double-blind placebo-controlled investigation before definitive statements of efficacy and tolerability can be made. C1 CONNECTICUT MENTAL HLTH CTR,ABRAHAM RIBICOFF RES FACIL,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x BRASIC JR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1309 BRODIE MJ, 1992, EPILEPSIA, V33, pS13, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb05896.x BROWN GL, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P131, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90053-2 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARBER HJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1157, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00027 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1012 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1006 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GORDON CT, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P363 GREIST JH, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P53 Guy W, 1976, PUBLICATION NATL I M, V76-338 HANLEY HG, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P521 Hellings JA, 1996, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V57, P333 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 KETTER TA, 1991, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V11, P306 KETTER TA, 1991, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V11, P198 KRUESI MJP, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P419 KRUESI MJP, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P429 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LINNOILA M, 1983, LIFE SCI, V33, P2609, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90344-2 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MARKOWITZ PI, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P27 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MEHLMAN PT, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P907 Sanchez LE, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P537, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00021 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL World Health Organization, 1990, INT CLASS DIS, V10th NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5463 J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1089/cap.1997.7.109 PG 13 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA XY688 UT WOS:A1997XY68800004 PM 9334896 ER PT J AU Steed, SE Lutzker, JR AF Steed, SE Lutzker, JR TI Using picture prompts to teach an adult with developmental disabilities to independently complete vocational tasks SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE picture prompts; developmental disabilities; vocational tasks ID RETARDED-ADULTS; SKILLS; MAINTENANCE; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; CARE AB The research was conducted to teach an adult with developmental disabilities to perform vocational chores in response to pictures cues, instead of oral prompts from an instructor. The participant was selected because continuous prompting was needed for him to complete daily tasks in a vocational placement. A multiple probe design across tasks showed that the participant learned to complete vocational tasks using picture prompts. Maintenance data collected 1, 3, and 6 months after training showed that the participant maintained task completion behavior. C1 UNIV JUDAISM,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90077. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT HUMAN DEV,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. CR BARLOW DH, 1994, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES CONNIS RT, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P355, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-355 Crews Jr D.W., 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P688 CUVO AJ, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-477 FELDMAN MA, 1992, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V24, P14, DOI 10.1037/h0078698 FRANK AR, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P179, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-179 GALLIGAN B, 1990, MENT RETARD, V28, P355 JOHNSON BF, 1981, BEHAV MODIF, V5, P187, DOI 10.1177/014544558152003 LUTZKER JR, 1994, ECOBEHAVIORAL FAMILY MACDUFF GS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-89 MARTIN JE, 1982, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V3, P105, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(82)90001-7 PIERCE KL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471 ROBINSONWILSON MA, 1977, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V12, P69 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 THINESEN PJ, 1981, MENT RETARD, V19, P247 THOMAS JR, 1994, MENT RETARD, V32, P356 WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329 WACKER DP, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-417 WILSON PG, 1987, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V12, P145 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1023/A:1024925702327 PG 17 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA WW954 UT WOS:A1997WW95400004 ER PT J AU Simmonds, HA Duley, JA Fairbanks, LD McBride, MB AF Simmonds, HA Duley, JA Fairbanks, LD McBride, MB TI When to investigate for purine and pyrimidine disorders. Introduction and review of clinical and laboratory indications SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th SSIEM Annual Symposium CY SEP 11-13, 1996 CL CARDIFF, WALES SP SSIEM ID ADENOSINE-DEAMINASE DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM AB When to suspect and thus investigate for inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism is a dilemma for even the most observant investigator. Often parents of affected children, or a history involving siblings, can provide valuable clues. The recognition of new purine and pyrimidine disorders requires skill and serendipity. But even identifying known disorders can prove difficult, since they cover a broad spectrum of illnesses, can have more than one symptom, or lead to early death. This problem is compounded by the fact that they are relatively recently described and therefore often little known, either in the clinic or laboratory. The considerable heterogeneity in clinical expression within families as well as between families means that asymptomatic homozygotes may not be recognized or can present at any time from early childhood through adolescence up to their eighth decade. Consequently, all siblings should be screened. These disorders should be suspected in any case of unexplained anaemia, failure to thrive, susceptibility to recurrent infection, or neurological deficits with no current diagnosis, including autism, cerebral palsy, delayed development, deafness, epilepsy, self-mutilation, muscle weakness, the inability to walk or talk, and - unusual in children and adolescents gout, sometimes with renal disease. Some disorders present with radiolucent kidney stones, in acute or chronic renal failure, alone or with any of the above, or as an intolerance/sensitivity to therapy (e.g. 5-fluorouracil in malignancies or azathioprine immunosuppression in organ transplantation), often with life-threatening consequences. Several parameters need to be evaluated to ensure correct diagnosis. Pitfalls which can mask diagnosis using only a single test are renal failure, blood transfusion, diet or drugs. RP Simmonds, HA (reprint author), UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMASS HOSP,GUYS HOSP,PURINE RES LABS,LONDON BRIDGE,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. RI Duley, John/B-1806-2013 CR ARREDONDOVEGA FX, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P820 BRAAKHEKKE JP, 1987, J NEUROL SCI, V78, P71, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(87)90079-7 BRADBURY MG, 1995, PEDIATR NEPHROL, V9, P476 CAMERON JS, 1993, PEDIATR NEPHROL, V7, P105 CHOCAIR PR, 1992, TRANSPLANTATION, V53, P1051, DOI 10.1097/00007890-199205000-00016 CHRISTEN HJ, 1992, LANCET, V340, P1167, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)93202-X DURAN M, 1991, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V14, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01811705 HALLETT RJ, 1995, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V370, P387 Henderson M. J., 1996, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, V19, P3 Hershfield MS, 1997, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V20, P179, DOI 10.1023/A:1005300621350 HILLEBRAND G, 1991, INTERNIST, V32, P226 Holopainen I., 1996, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, V19, P8 HUGHES EF, 1997, IN PRESS DEV MED CHI JAEKEN J, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1058 MARKERT M L, 1991, Immunodeficiency Reviews, V3, P45 MCBRIDE MB, 1997, IN PRESS J INHER MET, V20 MCCARTHY GT, 1992, BRIT INHERITED METAB, V6, P14 Nyhan WL, 1997, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V20, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1005348504512 PAGLIA DE, 1983, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V80, P3081, DOI 10.1073/pnas.80.10.3081 SCRIVER CR, 1995, METABOLIC MOL BASIS, V2, P1655 Sebesta I., 1996, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, V19, P2 SHOVLIN CL, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1471, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90910-9 Simmonds HA, 1994, INHERITED METABOLIC, P297 TUCHMAN M, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P245, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198507253130407 Valik Dalibor, 1996, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, V19, P11 VandenBerghe G, 1997, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V20, P193, DOI 10.1023/A:1005304722259 vanGennip AH, 1997, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V20, P203, DOI 10.1023/A:1005356806329 Wadman S K, 1984, Adv Exp Med Biol, V165 Pt A, P109 Watts R W, 1985, Adv Enzyme Regul, V23, P25, DOI 10.1016/0065-2571(85)90039-1 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 214 EP 226 DI 10.1023/A:1005308923168 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity GA XH224 UT WOS:A1997XH22400013 PM 9211194 ER PT J AU Campbell, M Armenteros, JL Malone, RP Adams, PB Eisenberg, ZW Overall, JE AF Campbell, M Armenteros, JL Malone, RP Adams, PB Eisenberg, ZW Overall, JE TI Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children: A prospective, longitudinal study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE neuroleptic-related dyskinesias; children; autism; prospective study ID TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; HALOPERIDOL; STEREOTYPIES; WITHDRAWAL; MOVEMENTS; THERAPY AB Objective: To report results from a long-term prospective study of safety of haloperidol treatment and prevalence of haloperidol-related dyskinesias. Method: Subjects were children with autism requiring pharmacotherapy for target symptoms. After baseline assessments, children received haloperidol treatment; responders requiring further treatment were considered for enrollment into the present study. Six-month haloperidol treatment periods were followed by a 4-week placebo period. The procedure was repeated if further haloperidol treatment was required. At specified times children were evaluated by using multiple instruments. Results: Between 1979 and 1994, 118 children aged 2.3 to 8.2 years participated in the study. The mean dose of haloperidol was 1.75 mg/day. Mainly withdrawal dyskinesias (WD) developed in 40 (33.9%) children; 20 had more than one dyskinetic episode. A subgroup that remained significantly longer in the study and had a significantly higher cumulative dose of haloperidol evidenced a significantly higher incidence of WD. Occurrence rates of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and multiple episodes of TD/WD were higher among girls. Conclusion: Female gender and pre- and perinatal complications may be involved in susceptibility to dyskinesias; greater cumulative haloperidol dose and/or longer exposure to haloperidol may increase the risk. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10027. MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV,EASTERN PENN PSYCHIAT INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. NEW SCH SOCIAL RES,NEW YORK,NY 10011. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX. RP Campbell, M (reprint author), NYU,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SCH MED,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 ARMENTEROS JL, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P363 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1082 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1081 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, NEW RES COURSE TREAT CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 CAMPBELL M, 1983, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V6, P207, DOI 10.1097/00002826-198309000-00003 COHEN IL, 1980, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V19, P665, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60969-9 ENGELHARDT DM, 1978, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY G, P1463 GARDOS G, 1980, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA R, P201 GILBERT PL, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P173 GRANACHER RP, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P1288 GUALTIERI CT, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P335 GUALTIERI CT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P20 Kane JM, 1992, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA T Kane John M., 1995, P1485 KANE JM, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V8, pS52 KHOT V, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P661 MEISELAS KD, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P207 Overall J. E., 1980, J EDUC STATIST, V5, P177, DOI 10.3102/10769986005002177 OVERALL JE, 1983, J ED STAT, V8, P59, DOI 10.2307/1164870 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P93, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00017 RICHARDSON MA, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1322 SALLEE FR, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P125, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198904000-00010 SCHOOLER NR, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P486 SHAY J, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P359 SILVA RR, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P287 SIMPSON GM, 1979, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V64, P171, DOI 10.1007/BF00496058 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 WEISS B, 1978, SCIENCE, V200, P799, DOI 10.1126/science.417399 YASSA R, 1992, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V18, P701 ZAX M, 1977, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V47, P218 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V21 NR 39 TC 131 Z9 133 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 6 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1097/00004583-199706000-00022 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA XB495 UT WOS:A1997XB49500022 PM 9183140 ER PT J AU Barker, JA AF Barker, JA TI Mindblindness: an essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Barker, JA (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PHILOSOPHY,EDWARDSVILLE,IL 62026, USA. CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Gordon R., 1994, PHILOS PSYCHOPATHOLO, P163 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0951-5089 J9 PHILOS PSYCHOL JI Philos. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 256 EP 257 PG 2 WC Ethics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology GA XL979 UT WOS:A1997XL97900013 ER PT J AU Dykens, EM Hodapp, RM AF Dykens, EM Hodapp, RM TI Treatment issues in genetic mental retardation syndromes SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; IDIOPATHIC INFANTILE HYPERCALCEMIA; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; AUTISM; CHILD; PATTERNS; DISORDER; CARRIERS; CRITERIA AB Because of genetic advances and radical shifts in service delivery, psychologists in community mental health and social service agencies increasingly serve clients with mental retardation syndromes. Persons with specific genetic mental retardation syndromes often differ in their behavioral strengths and weaknesses and in their predispositions to psychiatric disorders. Although genetic breakthroughs are sparking more research on these so-called behavioral phenotypes, researchers have yet to systematically translate phenotypic data into guidelines for therapy and intervention. Using fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome as examples, this article shows how the behavioral phenotypes of mental retardation syndromes can inform clinical practice. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,GRAD SCH EDUC & INFORMAT STUDIES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Dykens, EM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,DIV CHILD PSYCHIAT,760 WESTWOOD PLAZA,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR BERESFORD BA, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01136.x BIHRLE AM, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V11, P37, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90003-1 BORTHWICKDUFFY SA, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P17, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.17 BORTHWICKDUFFY SA, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P586 BRADDOCK DL, 1988, INTEGRATION DEV DISA, P1 BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02212191 BREWER JL, 1994, 6 INT C WILL SYNDR A CASKEY CT, 1992, SCIENCE, V256, P784, DOI 10.1126/science.1589758 CASSIDY SB, 1992, PRADER WILLI SYNDROM COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x Dilts C V, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P126 DORN MB, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199402000-00015 DYKENS EM, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P522 DYKENS EM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1125, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00022 DYKENS EM, 1990, ISSUES DEV APPROACH, P226, DOI 409861590,12,1 Dykens EM, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01496.x DYKENS EM, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P338 DYKENS EM, 1994, BEHAV DEV FRAGILE 10 Dykens EM, 1996, MENT RETARD, V34, P125 Dykens EM, 1996, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V5, P913 DYKENS EM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1131, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00023 Dykens EM, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P546, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600612 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 EINFELD SL, 1992, SOC STUD BEH PHEN 2 EWART AK, 1993, NAT GENET, V5, P11, DOI 10.1038/ng0993-11 FISCH GS, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P47, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 Fletcher R.J., 1993, MENTAL HLTH ASPECTS FREUND LS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P54 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V59, P142 HAGERMAN RJ, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P377, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300138 HAGRMAN RJ, 1991, FRAGILE 10 SYNDROME HANCHETT JM, IN PRESS AM J MED GE HODAPP RM, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P503, DOI 10.1007/BF02206873 Hodapp Robert M., 1996, P362 HODAPP RM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P675 Hodapp RM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P11, DOI 10.1023/A:1025865004299 Hodapp RM., 1995, HDB PARENTING, V1, P233 HOLM VA, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P398 HURLEY AD, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P261, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90015-2 Jernigan T. L., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P23 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P72, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430111 LEVINE K, 1993, CHILDREN PRADER WILL LEVINE K, 1994, WILLIAMS SYNDROME IN LEVINE K, 1994, 6 INT C WILL SYNDR A MADISON LS, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P129 MATSON JL, 1985, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V6, P199, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80071-0 MATSON JL, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P6, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.62.1.6 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MENOLASCINO FJ, 1984, HDB MENTAL ILLNESS M MERYASH DL, 1989, CLIN GENET, V36, P15 MORRIS CA, 1988, J PEDIATR-US, V113, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(88)80272-5 NADEL L, 1995, DOWN SYNDROME LIVING OBRIEN G, 1995, BEHAV PHENTYPES OPITZ JM, 1996, 29 ANN GATL C RES TH Pober BR, 1996, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V5, P929 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 REISS AL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P697 REISS S, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P567 SCHARFENAKER S, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P327 SOBESKY WE, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P247, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199402000-00014 SOBESKY WE, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P378, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510416 SOVNER R, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P1055 STEIN DJ, 1994, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V6, P23 Taylor E, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P666 TOMC SA, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P345, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360321 UDWIN O, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00212.x UDWIN O, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P129 Udwin O, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P108 WHITE MJ, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P293 NR 69 TC 27 Z9 27 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.28.3.263 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WZ238 UT WOS:A1997WZ23800009 ER PT J AU Simonic, I Gericke, GS Lippert, M Schoeman, JF AF Simonic, I Gericke, GS Lippert, M Schoeman, JF TI Additional clinical and cytogenetic findings associated with Rett syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; fragile sites; aphidicolin; chromosome aberrations; Tourette syndrome ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRAGILE SITES; COMMON; BREAKAGE; LINKAGE AB An analysis of all aphidicolin-inducible breakpoints has been carried out in PHA stimulated T-lymphocytes of five patients with classical Rett syndrome, their mothers and a group of age matched controls, Observed breakpoints were divided into two groups: common, rare, and those recorded by others but not assigned as fragile sites by CCM92 and a group of non-specified breakpoints recurrently found in our ongoing study of fragile sites. In addition cooccurrence of trisomy X in one patient and de novo pericentromeric inversion on chromosome 2 in another Rett syndrome patient are reported, The co-occurrence with the Tourette syndrome in two of our families, and the fact that both Rett and Tourette syndrome are associated with movement disorders, possible dopaminergic hypersensitivity and increased chromosomal fragility in subsets of fragile sites, may suggest a possible avenue for further research. The cytogenetic findings indicate that both X-Linked and autosomal regulatory region(s) may be part of a complex genetic alteration in association with Rett syndrome, Am, J, Riled. Genet. 74:331-337, 1997. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV PRETORIA,DEPT HUMAN GENET & DEV BIOL,ZA-0002 PRETORIA,SOUTH AFRICA. ZA CLIN,PRETORIA,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV STELLENBOSCH,TYGERBERG HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,ZA-7505 TYGERBERG,SOUTH AFRICA. CR ANVRET M, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P99 Anvret M., 1994, Neuropediatrics, V25, P323, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1073047 CURTIS ARJ, 1993, HUM GENET, V90, P551 CUTICCHIA AJ, 1993, GENOME PRIORITY REPO, V1 DJALALI M, 1986, HUM GENET, V72, P32, DOI 10.1007/BF00278814 DOMINGUEZ AM, 1995, HUM GENET, V96, P516 ELLISON KA, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V50, P278 Gericke GS, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P25, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<25::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-R GILLBERG C, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1094 GILLBERG C, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P365 GLOVER TW, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P136, DOI 10.1007/BF00272988 JANKOVIC J, 1993, CURR NEUROL, V13, P209 McKusick V., 1994, MENDELIAN INHERITANC NUSSBAUM RL, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P715, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230162 PERCY AK, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P156, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00013 ROMEO G, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P355 SIMONIC I, 1995, J MOL MED, V73, pB24 Simonic I, 1996, HUM GENET, V97, P524 Sutherland G, 1985, FRAGILE SITES HUMAN TELVI L, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P602, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510461 WAHLSTROM J, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P128 WAHLSTROM J, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P361 ZOGHBI HY, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P148, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350131 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD MAY 31 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 3 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970531)74:3<331::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-P PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XC331 UT WOS:A1997XC33100016 PM 9184319 ER PT J AU Rastam, M Gillberg, C Gillberg, IC Johansson, M AF Rastam, M Gillberg, C Gillberg, IC Johansson, M TI Alexithymia in anorexia nervosa: A controlled study using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE anorexia nervosa; alexithymia; epidemiology; autism spectrum disorders ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; DISORDERS AB The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was completed at the age of 22 years by individuals who had previously suffered from anorexia nervosa (AN), and also by members of a comparison group. The AN and comparison groups had been recruited from community samples. Overall, the TAS scores did not clearly discriminate between the two groups. However, the AN group was significantly more often represented among subjects with the highest TAS scores. A subgroup with empathy disorder tended to have particularly high scores. It is concluded that alexithymia, as defined using the TAS-20, is found only in a subgroup of individuals with AN, and possibly more often in those who are also clinically diagnosed as suffering from empathy disorder. The TAS-20 is not suitable for screening of AN in the general population. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,ANNEDALS CLIN,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAGBY RM, 1994, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V38, P23, DOI 10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOURKE MP, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P240, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.2.240 Dewey M, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P184, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.006 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND GILLBERG C, 1992, BEHAV NEUROL, V5, P27, DOI 10.3233/BEN-1992-5105 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GILLBERG IC, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P729, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199406000-00014 MORGAN HG, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P367, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.367 PARKER JDA, 1993, EUR J PERSONALITY, V7, P221, DOI 10.1002/per.2410070403 RASTAM M, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P819, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199209000-00007 SCHMIDT U, 1993, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V34, P54, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(93)90036-4 SPITZER RL, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P624 Taylor GJ, 1994, NEW TRENDS EXPT CLIN, V10, P61 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 45 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 95 IS 5 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09650.x PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XB101 UT WOS:A1997XB10100005 PM 9197902 ER PT J AU Perniola, T Lozito, V De Giacomo, A AF Perniola, T Lozito, V De Giacomo, A TI Naltrexone treatment in 4 autistic patients SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Letter ID INFANTILE-AUTISM C1 Univ Bari, Dept Neurol, I-70125 Bari, Italy. RP Perniola, T (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dept Neurol, Children NPI Ward, I-70125 Bari, Italy. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, 1985, Encephale, V11, P101 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P85 WALTERS AS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P167 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZZ005 UT WOS:000074685300006 ER PT J AU Fernell, E Watanabe, Y Adolfsson, I Tani, Y Bergstrom, M Hartvig, P Lilja, A vonKnorring, AL Gillberg, C Langstrom, B AF Fernell, E Watanabe, Y Adolfsson, I Tani, Y Bergstrom, M Hartvig, P Lilja, A vonKnorring, AL Gillberg, C Langstrom, B TI Possible effects of tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in six children with autism - Clinical and positron emission tomography data: A pilot study SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHILDHOOD; PTERINS; SCALE AB Six children, between 3 and 5 years of age, having infantile autism according to DSM-III-R, were treated for 3 months with 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (R-BH4), a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylases in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines and serotonin. A criterion for inclusion in the studs was a relatively low level of R-BH4 in the cerebrospinal fluid. For clinical evaluation, the Parental Satisfaction Survey (PASS) was used every fourth week and the Griffiths Developmental Scales were used before starting and a months after completing the treatment, During the treatment period, all parents reported improvements in the child's social functioning - mainly eye contact and desire to interact - and in the number of words or sounds which the child used. Small positive changes were noted on the Griffiths Developmental Scales between the two testing occasions, R-BH4 levels in CSF increased significantly after treatment, The positron emission tomography (PET) study showed that the high value of dopamine Da receptor binding in the caudate and putamen decreased by about 10% towards the normal level after treatment with R-BH4, The observations in this open study indicate that the drug might be useful for a subgroup of children with autism, but there is a need for a larger double-blind study with a longer treatment period. C1 RES DEV CORP JAPAN, SUBFEMTOMOLE BIORECOGNIT PROJECT, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, JAPAN. UPPSALA UNIV, PET CTR, UPPSALA, SWEDEN. SUNTORY INST BIOMED RES, OSAKA, JAPAN. UPPSALA UNIV, HOSP PHARM, UPPSALA, SWEDEN. HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP, DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, S-14186 HUDDINGE, SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV, DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. RP Fernell, E (reprint author), HUDDINGE UNIV HOSP, DEPT PAEDIAT, S-14186 HUDDINGE, SWEDEN. CR ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, GRIFFITHS DEV SCALES, V2 ALINAKERMAN B, 1980, GRIFFITHS DEV SCALES, V1 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 BARTHELEMY C, 1981, MAGNESIUM-B, V3, P150 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF02211876 COHEN DJ, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P545 EKMAN G, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P511, DOI 10.1007/BF02212855 ETO I, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01058157 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.89 MARTINEAU J, 1981, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V16, P627 NAKANE Y, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P337 NARUSE H, 1987, P JPN ACAD B-PHYS, V63, P231, DOI 10.2183/pjab.63.231 Panksepp Jaak, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P281 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02284764 SANDBERG AD, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V84, P365 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 TAKESADA M, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P355 TANI Y, 1994, NEUROSCI LETT, V181, P169, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90586-X TANI Y, 1990, LIFE SCI, V46, P373, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90017-L TANI Y, 1993, J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED, V617, P249, DOI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80495-P WATANABE Y, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P317 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 39 IS 5 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XJ657 UT WOS:A1997XJ65700006 PM 9236697 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, J TI Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CSF INOSITOL; DOUBLE-BLIND; DEPRESSION; LITHIUM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER AB Inositol is a simple polyol precursor in a second messenger system important in the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid inositol has been reported as decreased in depression. A double-blind controlled trial of 12 g daily of inositol in 28 depressed patients for four weeks was performed. Significant overall benefit for inositol compared to placebo was found at week 4 on the Hamilton Depression Scale. No changes were noted in hematology, kidney or liver function. Since many antidepressants are effective in panic disorder, twenty-one patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, four week, random-assignment crossover treatment trial of inositol 12 g per day. Frequency and severity of panic attacks and severity of agoraphobia declined significantly with inositol compared to placebo. Side-effects were minimal. Since serotonin re-uptake inhibitors benefit obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and inositol is reported to reverse desensitization of serotonin receptors, thirteen patients with OCD completed a double-blind controlled crossover trial of Is g inositol or placebo for six weeks each. Inositol significantly reduced scores or OCD symptoms compared with placebo. A controlled double-blind crossover trial of 12 g daily of inositol for a month in twelve anergic schizophrenic patients, did not show any beneficial effects. A double-blind controlled crossover trial of 6 g of inositol daily vs. glucose for one month each was carried out in eleven Alzheimer patients, with no dearly significant therapeutic effects. Antidepressant drugs have been reported to improve attention deficit disorder (ADDH) with hyperactivity symptomatology. We studied oral inositol in children with ADDH in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled manner. Eleven children, mean age 8.9+/-3.6 years were enrolled in an eight week trial of inositol or placebo at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Results show a trend for aggravation of the syndrome with myo-inositol as compared to placebo. Recent studies suggest that serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are helpful in at least some symptoms of autism. However a controlled double-blind crossover trial of inositol 200 mg/kg per day showed no benefit in nine children with autism. Cholinergic agonists have been reported to ameliorate electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced memory impairment. Inositol metabolism is involved in the second messenger system for several muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Inositol 6 g daily was given in a crossover-double-blind manner for five days before the fifth or sixth ECT to a series of twelve patients, without effect. These results suggest that inositol has therapeutic effects in the spectrum of illness responsive to serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, including depression, panic and OCD, and is not beneficial in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, ADDH, autism or ECT-induced cognitive impairment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Levine, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,MINIST HLTH,MENTAL HLTH CTR,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. CR BARABAN JM, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1251 Barak Y, 1996, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V20, P729, DOI 10.1016/0278-5846(96)00043-7 Barkai IA, 1978, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V13, P65 BATTY IH, 1995, J NEUROCHEM, V65, P2279 BENJAMIN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1084 BERRIDGE MJ, 1989, CELL, V59, P411, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90026-3 BIEDERMAN J, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P777, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198909000-00022 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Conners C. K., 1973, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V9, P24 Fux M, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P1219 GOLDBERG SC, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1005 GRIEST JH, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P53 HAUSSINGER D, 1994, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V107, P1475 KOFMAN O, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V34, P839, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90052-F LEVIN Y, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P871 LEVINE J, 1993, BRAIN RES, V627, P168, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90761-B LEVINE J, 1996, HUM PSYCHOPHARM CLIN, V10, P481 LEVINE J, IN PRESS J NEURAL TR LEVINE J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P792 LEVINE J, 1994, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V4, P487, DOI 10.1016/0924-977X(94)90297-6 LEVINE J, 1993, HUM PSYCHOPHARM CLIN, V8, P49, DOI 10.1002/hup.470080109 LEVINE J, 1996, J PSYCHIAT RES, V29, P487 LEVIN Y, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P193 RAHMAN S, 1993, BRAIN RES, V631, P349, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91557-9 ROTH M, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P698, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.6.698 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHIMON H, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT VANPRAAG HM, 1987, TREATING RESISTANT D, P297 WEIZMAN A, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P295, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60506-9 WENDER FH, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P690 NR 30 TC 69 Z9 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-977X J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(97)00409-4 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA XD407 UT WOS:A1997XD40700010 PM 9169302 ER PT J AU Slavotinek, AM Huson, SM Fitchett, M AF Slavotinek, AM Huson, SM Fitchett, M TI Interstitial deletion of band 3q25 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE interstitial deletion; 3q25; autism ID LONG ARM; CHROMOSOME-3; TRANSLOCATION; LOCATION; BPES; BOY AB Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 3 are rare. We report a man with an interstitial deletion involving band 3q25. To our knowledge, this is the first patient to be described with this cytogenetic abnormality. C1 OXFORD RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,OXFORD OX3 7LJ,ENGLAND. OXFORD RADCLIFFE HOSP,OXFORD MED GENET LABS,OXFORD OX3 7LJ,ENGLAND. CR ALAWADI SA, 1986, J MED GENET, V23, P91, DOI 10.1136/jmg.23.1.91 ALVARADO M, 1987, AM J MED GENET, V27, P781, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320270406 Alvarez Arratia MC, 1984, ANN GENET-PARIS, V27, P109 BRUETON LA, 1989, J MED GENET, V26, P729, DOI 10.1136/jmg.26.11.729 Chitayat D, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V61, P45, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960102)61:1<45::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-W DEALMEIDA JCC, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P86, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.1.86 DEDIESMULDERS CEM, 1991, J MED GENET, V28, P725, DOI 10.1136/jmg.28.10.725 Dilts C V, 1990, Am J Med Genet Suppl, V6, P126 FRANCESCHINI P, 1983, HUM GENET, V64, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF00289488 FUJITA H, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V44, P434, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320440409 Fukushima Y, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V47, pA29 JOKIAHO I, 1989, HUM GENET, V83, P302, DOI 10.1007/BF00285180 MARTSOLF JT, 1983, ANN GENET-PARIS, V26, P98 SARGENT C, 1985, J MED GENET, V22, P39, DOI 10.1136/jmg.22.1.39 SHPRINTZEN RJ, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V42, P141, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320420131 WILLIAMSON RA, 1981, AM J MED GENET, V9, P105, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320090204 WILLNER JP, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V47, pA44 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 430 EP 432 DI 10.1136/jmg.34.5.430 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WX634 UT WOS:A1997WX63400016 PM 9152845 ER PT J AU Ryu, YH Lee, JD Kim, DI Oh, YT Yoon, PH Jeon, P Lee, HB AF Ryu, YH Lee, JD Kim, DI Oh, YT Yoon, PH Jeon, P Lee, HB TI Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in patients with autism with Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT: Comparison with MR findings SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YONSEI UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. YONSEI UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOL,DIV NUCL MED,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP 1194 EP 1194 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WY980 UT WOS:A1997WY98001100 ER PT J AU Frischauf, E AF Frischauf, E TI Drug therapy in autism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter RP Frischauf, E (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. CR Cook EH, 1995, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V4, P381 SIMEON JG, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P69, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.69 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 577 EP 577 DI 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00004 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WV690 UT WOS:A1997WV69000004 PM 9136488 ER PT J AU Linday, LA AF Linday, LA TI Oral famotidine: A potential treatment for children with autism SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID ADJUNCTIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY; CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; ESOPHAGITIS; CHILDHOOD; SECRETION; SYMPTOMS; SURGERY; DIGOXIN; VOLUME AB Famotidine (Pepcid(R)), a histamine-2 receptor blocker, is marketed for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Recent reports indicate that it is also effective in relieving the deficit (or withdrawal) symptoms of adults with schizophrenia. Autism, a neuropsychiatric disorder which presents within the first few years of life, is defined by deficient social interaction, communication, language, play, and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. Similarities between the deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and the social deficit symptoms of autism suggest the hypothesis that famotidine may be useful in treating children with autism. Histamine serves as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the brain. H-2-receptors in the brain predominantly transmit inhibitory signals; when these receptors are stimulated in animals, spontaneous activity and exploratory behavior decrease; blockade of H-2-receptors would therefore be expected to reverse this inhibition. C1 ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BEHRENS R, 1994, BRIT HEART J, V72, P186 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P260 CARPENTER WT, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V330, P681, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199403103301006 CARROCCIO A, 1992, DIGEST DIS SCI, V37, P1441, DOI 10.1007/BF01296016 COOK EH, 1995, IN PRESS CHILD ADOLE COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 DEUTSCH SI, 1993, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V16, P518 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GREEN WH, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT CLI JAHR JS, 1991, ACTA ANAESTH SCAND, V35, P457 JAKAB I, 1993, HDB BEHAV THERAPY PH, P171 KAMINSKI R, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, pA67 KAMINSKY R, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1351, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91237-5 KELLY DA, 1994, J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR, V19, P270, DOI 10.1097/00005176-199410000-00002 KRAUS G, 1990, CLIN PHARM, V18, P770 KRAUS GB, 1990, ANAESTHESIST, V39, P587 LANGTRY HD, 1989, DRUGS, V38, P551, DOI 10.2165/00003495-198938040-00005 LINDAY LA, 1984, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V35, P438 LINDAY LA, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V15, P353, DOI 10.1097/00004714-199510000-00008 LINDAY LA, 1994, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V15, P648, DOI 10.1016/S1054-139X(94)90632-7 LINDAY LA, 1981, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V30, P735 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE *MERCK CO INC, 1991, PACK INS PEPC MIYAKE S, 1987, CLIN THER, V9, P548 Nishimura M, 1991, J Clin Anesth, V3, P207, DOI 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90160-O ODERDA G, 1990, ITAL J GASTROENTEROL, V22, P346 OYEWUMI LK, 1994, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V19, P145 PERRY R, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P232, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00019 PRELL GD, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V14, P93, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(94)00034-6 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 ROSSE RB, 1995, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V18, P369, DOI 10.1097/00002826-199508000-00009 TAKABATAKE T, 1985, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V28, P327, DOI 10.1007/BF00543332 TREEM WR, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P812, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80052-6 VOLKOW ND, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P686 WADA H, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P415, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90034-R WHITEFORD HA, 1995, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V20, P239 WHITING GC, 1995, LETT APPL MICROBIOL, V20, P240, DOI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb00437.x NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD MAY PY 1997 VL 48 IS 5 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(97)90032-3 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA XC291 UT WOS:A1997XC29100003 PM 9185122 ER PT J AU Sher, L AF Sher, L TI Autistic disorder and the endogenous opioid system SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID BETA-ENDORPHIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB The elevated activity of brain opioids has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autistic disorder. Research on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of endogenous opioids in subjects with autistic disorder has produced conflicting results. The author suggests that the level of brain opioid activity is a contributing but not the determining factor in the pathogenesis of autistic disorder. The author further suggests that the development of autistic disorder is related to the interaction between the endogenous opioid system and various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. RP Sher, L (reprint author), HILLSIDE HOSP,LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR,GLEN OAKS,NY 11004, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P66 Frescka E., 1991, NEUROPEPTIDES PSYCHI, P169 GERRITS MAFM, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V119, P92, DOI 10.1007/BF02246059 GIANOULAKIS C, 1993, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V18, P148 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 HERMAN B H, 1986, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V12, P1172 INTROINICOLLISON IB, 1995, NEUROBIOL LEARN MEM, V63, P200, DOI 10.1006/nlme.1995.1021 KAPLAN HI, 1994, SADOCKS SYNOPSIS PSY, P1052 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 NEVO I, 1995, NEUROCHEM INT, V26, P305, DOI 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00139-L Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P357 Panksepp J., 1985, PSYCHOBIOLOGY ATTACH, P3 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 Prior M., 1986, PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL D, P156 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SPANAGEL R, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P2046, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2046 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD MAY PY 1997 VL 48 IS 5 BP 413 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(97)90039-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA XC291 UT WOS:A1997XC29100010 PM 9185129 ER PT J AU Cook, EH Courchesne, R Lord, C Cox, NJ Yan, S Lincoln, A Haas, R Courchesne, E Leventhal, BL AF Cook, EH Courchesne, R Lord, C Cox, NJ Yan, S Lincoln, A Haas, R Courchesne, E Leventhal, BL TI Evidence of linkage between the serotonin transporter and autistic disorder SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE linkage disequilibrium; linkage; autism, infantile; monoamines; transporter; serotonin; promoter; polymorphism ID INDIVIDUALS; TWIN; GENE AB The serotonin transporter gene (HTT) is a primary candidate in autistic disorder based on efficacy of potent serotonin transporter inhibitors in reducing rituals and routines. We initiated a candidate gene study of HTT in trios consisting of probands with autistic disorder and both parents. Preliminary transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis with 86 families revealed no evidence for linkage or linkage disequilibrium between autistic disorder and a polymorphism in the second intron of HTT, However, preferential transmission of a short variant of the HTT promoter was found in the same 86 trios (TDT chi(2) = 4.69, 1 d.f., P = 0.030), In further analyses, we considered haplotypes of the HTT promoter variant and second intron locus as alleles in a multiallelic TDT. Results confirmed the significance of the effect of this region (TDT chi(2) = 11.85, 4 d.f., P = 0.018), This provides preliminary evidence of linkage and association between HTT and autistic disorder. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,AUTISM & BRAIN DEV RES LAB,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Cook, EH (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LAB DEV NEUROSCI,MC 3077,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BRAMMER GL, 1987, LIFE SCI, V41, P1539, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90720-X BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x Collier DA, 1996, MOL PSYCHIATR, V1, P453 Collier DA, 1996, NEUROREPORT, V7, P1675, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199607080-00030 Cook Edwin H. Jr., 1996, Current Opinion in Pediatrics, V8, P348, DOI 10.1097/00008480-199608000-00008 COOK EH, 1993, LIFE SCI, V52, P2005, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90685-V CORDON G, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 Heils A, 1996, J NEUROCHEM, V66, P2621 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 Lesch KP, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1527, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5292.1527 LESCH KP, 1994, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V95, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF01276434 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 Heils A, 1995, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V102, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF01281159 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 Spielman RS, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V59, P983 SPIELMAN RS, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P506 NR 25 TC 320 Z9 333 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 1359-4184 J9 MOL PSYCHIATR JI Mol. Psychiatr. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WY048 UT WOS:A1997WY04800014 PM 9152989 ER PT J AU Stern, JS Robertson, MM AF Stern, JS Robertson, MM TI Tics associated with autistic and pervasive developmental disorders SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID LA-TOURETTE SYNDROME; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIP; FRAGILE-X; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; LINKAGE AB Coincident cases of Tourette syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorders increasingly have been reported in the literature. Coincident cases currently number around 90. A minority of cases have been associated with cases of Tourette syndrome and ties in other family members; this has led some authors to suggest that Tourette syndrome may be responsible for some of the genetic heterogeneity in Pervasive Developmental Disorders. The literature is reviewed, along with some aspects of the neurobiology of the two conditions with arguments for and against this hypothesis. C1 UCL, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, LONDON W1N 8AA, ENGLAND. NATL HOSP NEUROL & NEUROSURG, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, LONDON, ENGLAND. HAMMERSMITH HOSP, MRC, CYCLOTRON UNIT, DEPT NEUROL, LONDON, ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P65 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARABAS G, 1983, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V4, P280 BaronCohen S, 1995, NEUROCASE, V1, P101, DOI 10.1080/13554799508402353 BERTHIER ML, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021 BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 BURD L, 1985, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V30, P74 BURD L, 1988, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V12, P233, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80049-6 Cardoso F, 1996, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V60, P209, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.60.2.209 COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P701 EAPEN V, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P708 EAPEN V, 1996, J NEUROPSYCHIATRY NE, V9, P192 EAPEN V, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P593, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.5.593 FISHER W, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P73, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198604000-00001 FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 HEBEBRAND J, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P268, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540316 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANO Y, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P49 KERBESHIAN J, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P201 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, INT J PSYCHIAT MED, V16, P67 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 KERBESHIAN J, 1987, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V32, P123 KURLAN R, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2336 LAL S, 1986, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V13, P125 LECKMAN JF, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P220, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00010 LITTLEJOHNS CS, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P430, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.3.430 LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87 LOWE TL, 1982, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V247, P1168, DOI 10.1001/jama.247.8.1168 MARRIAGE K, 1993, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V27, P666, DOI 10.3109/00048679309075829 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 MORIARTY J, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P1019 MUELLER J, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V141, P191, DOI 10.1192/bjp.141.2.191 PAKSTIS AJ, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P281 PAULS DL, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P215, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.2.215 PAULS DL, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V43, P206 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P93, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00017 REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 ROBERTSON MM, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P383, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.383 ROBERTSON MM, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V154, P147, DOI 10.1192/bjp.154.2.147 ROBERTSON MM, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P515, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.4.515 ROBERTSON MM, 1994, J CHILD PSYCH PSYCHI, V35, P567 ROBERTSON MM, 1995, J SEROTONIN RES S, V1, P49 SINGER H, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 STAHL SM, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P1267 SVERD J, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01098804 SVERD J, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01046229 SVERD J, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P173, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390212 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 ZAPELLA M, 1994, TERAPIA FAMILIARE, V46, P51 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 15 IS 2 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70317-0 PG 0 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WX694 UT WOS:A1997WX69400010 PM 9115466 ER PT J AU Kurlan, R AF Kurlan, R TI Future direction of research in Tourette syndrome SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT TRANSMISSION; SINGLE SCHOOL-DISTRICT; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; BASAL GANGLIA; DISORDER; AUTISM; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN AB Recent research results have clarified many aspects of Tourette syndrome but they have also raised important questions. These questions, which regard the nature of the condition and its etiology, will guide future directions of research in Tourette syndrome. This article discusses critical, basic, and unanswered questions that require scientific exploration Including what Tourette syndrome is and what causes it. RP Kurlan, R (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT NEUROL,601 ELMWOOD AVE,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. CR ALLEN AJ, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P307, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199503000-00015 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BONCOUR GP, 1910, PROG MED, V26, P495 BRAUN AR, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V9, P277 BURD L, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P162, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00006 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 COMINGS DE, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V51, P463 COMINGS DE, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V41, P839 COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 DIMITSOPULOS T, 1993, MOVEMENT DISORD, V8, P415 EAPEN V, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P593, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.5.593 Fudge MW, 1996, J INVEST MED, V44, pA39 GOLDEN GS, 1981, MENT RETARD, V19, P17 GUGGENHEIM MA, 1979, ANN NEUROL, V5, P104, DOI 10.1002/ana.410050119 JANKOVIC J, 1993, CURR NEUROL, V13, P209 KERBESHIAN J, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P201 KERBESHIAN J, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P731, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.6.731 KIESSLING LS, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V92, P39 KURLAN R, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P874 KURLAN R, 1989, INT J NEUROGENET, V35, P161 KURLAN R, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P772 KURLAN R, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P1200 KURLAN R, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P699 KURLAN R, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P1145 KURLAN R, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P1625 KURLAN R, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P268 KURLAN R, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2336 LAPOUSE R, 1964, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V34, P436 MACFARLANE JW, 1954, BEHAV PROBLEMS NORMA MCMAHON WM, 1992, ADV NEUROL, V58, P159 McMahon WM, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199605000-00023 MERZENICH MM, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V682, P1 MORIARTY J, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P1019 MYERS B, 1995, RES DEV DISABIL, V16, P1, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)00018-5 PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 PAULS DL, 1992, ADV NEUROL, V58, P151 PAULS DL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1044, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00025 PAULS DL, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V43, P206 PETERSON B, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 PETERSON BS, 1992, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V17, P553, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90015-Y PLOMIN R, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.8209254 PRINGLE MLK, 1967, 11000 7 YEAR OLDS, P185 REALMUTO GM, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF01538324 RISCH N, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1584, DOI 10.1126/science.7777857 ROBERTSON MM, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V154, P147, DOI 10.1192/bjp.154.2.147 ROBERTSON MM, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P515, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.4.515 SINGER HS, 1991, MEDICINE, V70, P15 SINGER HS, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P950 TRINIDAD KS, 1995, NEUROLOGY S2, V44, pA151 NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 15 IS 2 BP 451 EP & DI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70325-X PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WX694 UT WOS:A1997WX69400018 PM 9115474 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, KT Harris, RJ Hart, BL Pabst, HF AF Ciesielski, KT Harris, RJ Hart, BL Pabst, HF TI Cerebellar hypoplasia and frontal lobe cognitive deficits in disorders of early childhood SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Nencki-Institute-of-Experimental-Biology CY DEC, 1993 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NENCKI INST EXPTL BIOL DE developmental chronometry hypothesis of early brain damage; frontal lobe cognitive deficits; cerebellar hypoplasia; autism; acute lymphoblastic leukemia ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; NEUROANATOMICAL ABNORMALITIES; RECOGNITION MEMORY; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; PURKINJE-CELLS; VERMIS; CORTEX; INVOLVEMENT; CONTRIBUTE AB A developmental chronometry hypothesis of early brain damage is suggested in which regions of the brain with a protracted course of postnatal development will be more vulnerable than earlier maturing areas to deleterious effects of early insult and, therefore, may become common sites of abnormality across many disorders originating in early childhood. Initial investigations of the cerebellum and frontal lobes are presented using MRI and neuropsychological measures. Planimetric measures of the cerebellar vermis (lobuli I-V and VI-VII) and pens, and neuropsychological frontal lobe measures were obtained from high functioning individuals with autism (A), survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with brain sequelae following radiation and chemotherapy, and from rigorously selected healthy controls (C). The neuropsychological results were clustered according to functions commonly related to frontal brain, posterior brain, and left and right hemispheres. The A and ALL groups, as compared to C, yielded modest but consistently reduced MRI measures for vermal lobuli I-V and VI-VII. Hypoplasia of lobuli VI-VII was more marked than I-V. Performance on neuropsychological tests for frontal lobe functions was generally depressed in both groups, with a more severe deficits in A. Between-group differences in verbal, visual-spatial, and emotional-social skills are discussed. The cerebellar and frontal brain deficits that are present in both clinical groups (A and ALL) may be common to other developmental and acquired disorders of early childhood. Such joint manifestation of cerebellar and frontal lobe abnormalities is in agreement with the concept of cerebellar significance for the development of higher cognitive functions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV ALBERTA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. RP Ciesielski, KT (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLIN NEUROSCI LAB,LOGAN HALL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. CR ALTMAN J, 1985, J COMP NEUROL, V231, P42, DOI 10.1002/cne.902310105 AMARAL DG, 1982, INT J NEUROSCI, V17, P71 BACHEVALIER J, 1994, J NEUROSCI, V14, P2128 BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 BACHEVALIER J, 1993, NEUROREPORT, V4, P77, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199301000-00020 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1988, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V47, P369 BEDI KS, 1980, J COMP NEUROL, V193, P863, DOI 10.1002/cne.901930404 BLOEDEL JR, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P566 BRACKETOLKMITT R, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P990 BROUWERS P, 1985, J PEDIATR-US, V106, P723, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80343-7 CHANPALAY V, 1976, NEUROPATH APPL NEURO, V2, P293, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1976.tb00504.x CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P985 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ACTA NEUROBIOL EXP, V54, P151 CIESIELSKI KT, 1997, UNPUB DEV PATTERN AB CIESIELSKI KT, IN PRESS CHILD NEURO COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 DIAMOND A, 1991, FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION, P339 DIAMOND MC, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGY HIGHER, P1 Dow RS, 1942, BIOL REV CAMB PHILOS, V17, P179, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1942.tb00437.x FIEZ JA, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P155, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.155 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL, V18, P279 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GALABURDA AM, 1987, READING NEURONS GREENOUGH WT, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P539, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01400.x Harris RJ, 1985, PRIMER MULTIVARIATE, V2nd HASHIMOTO T, 1991, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V22, P139, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071432 HILL DH, 1995, THESIS U NEW MEXICO HOLROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HUTTENLOCHER PR, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P517, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-I Ito M, 1984, CEREBELLUM NEURAL CO KARAMIAN AI, 1969, NEUROBIOLOGY CEREBEL, P639 KOLB B, 1987, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V26, P119, DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(87)90161-6 KOLB B, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1203, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.44.9.1203 LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T LEINER HC, 1986, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V100, P443, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.100.4.443 LEINER HC, 1989, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V103, P998, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.103.5.998 LEZAK MD, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A Lindgren S.D., 1987, ADV BEHAVIORAL ASSES, V3, P57 LIPPMANN S, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P667 Luria A. R., 1973, THE WORKING BRAIN MEADOWS AT, 1981, LANCET, V2, P1015 MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 NASRALLAH HA, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P567, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90092-Z NEVILLE HJ, 1991, BRAIN MATURATION COG, P355 OCHS J, 1988, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V35, P815 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 PACKER RJ, 1987, MED PEDIATR ONCOL, V15, P241, DOI 10.1002/mpo.2950150505 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 RAZ N, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P356 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RIMLAND B, 1974, INFANTILE AUTISM RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 SASAKI K, 1979, EXP BRAIN RES, V37, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF01474266 Sidman R.L., 1970, MUTANTS PATHOLOGIQUE, P69 HUTTENLOCHER PR, 1982, NEUROSCI LETT, V33, P247, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(82)90379-2 Verbitzkaya LB., 1969, NEUROBIOLOGY CEREBEL, P859 WATSON PJ, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P944, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.85.5.944 NR 67 TC 80 Z9 80 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 643 EP 655 DI 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00119-4 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA WX221 UT WOS:A1997WX22100009 PM 9153027 ER PT J AU Sakic, B Szechtman, H Denburg, JA AF Sakic, B Szechtman, H Denburg, JA TI Neurobehavioral alterations in autoimmune mice SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; MRL-LPR MICE; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; BRAIN-REACTIVE AUTOANTIBODIES; DISSOCIATED CEREBELLAR CELLS; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR-GENETIC-ANALYSIS; PRIMARY SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; ARTHRITIS-LIKE DISEASE AB Inbred MRL, NZB and BXSB strains of mice spontaneously develop a systemic, lupus-like autoimmune disease. The progress of autoimmunity is accompanied with a cascade of behavioral changes, most consistently observed in tasks reflective of emotional reactivity and the two-way avoidance learning task. Given the possibility that behavioral alterations may reflect a detrimental consequence of autoimmune-inflammatory processes and/or an adaptive response to chronic malaise, they are tentatively labeled as autoimmunity-associated behavioral syndrome (AABS). It is hypothesized that neuroactive immune factors (proinflammatory cytokines, brain-reactive antibodies) together with endocrine mediators (corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoids) participate in the etiology of AABS. Since AABS develops natively, and has a considerable face and predictive validity, and since the principal pathway to autoimmunity is known, AABS may be a useful model for the study of CNS involvement in human autoimmune diseases and by extension, for testing autoimmune hypotheses of several mental disorders (major depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, autism and AIDS-related dementia). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MCMASTER UNIV, DEPT MED, HAMILTON, ON L8N 3Z5, CANADA. RP Sakic, B (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV, DEPT BIOMED SCI, HAMILTON, ON L8N 3Z5, CANADA. RI Szechtman, Henry/A-4706-2009 OI Szechtman, Henry/0000-0003-3986-4482 CR ADER R, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P1534, DOI 10.1126/science.7063864 ADER R, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P685 ADER R, 1987, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V496, P532, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb35811.x ALCOCERVARELA J, 1992, LUPUS, V1, P111, DOI 10.1177/096120339200100209 ALEXANDER EL, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P242, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140211 ALEXANDER GE, 1981, NEUROLOGY, V31, P1391 ANDREWS BS, 1978, J EXP MED, V148, P1198, DOI 10.1084/jem.148.5.1198 ANISMAN H, 1990, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V46, P119, DOI 10.1016/0163-7258(90)90039-5 ANISMAN H, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P36 LONG AA, 1990, ANN RHEUM DIS, V49, P249, DOI 10.1136/ard.49.4.249 ANSTATT T, 1988, J NEURAL TRANSM, V73, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01250140 Banks W A, 1993, Rev Neurosci, V4, P365 BANKS WA, 1994, NEUROSCI LETT, V179, P53, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90933-4 BANKS WA, 1992, J ANDROL, V13, P254 BARRERA CM, 1992, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V41, P255, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(92)90094-V BERKENBOSCH F, 1992, PERG S NEUR, V5, P75 BERTERO MT, 1994, FUND CLIN IMMUNOL, V2, P37 BLALOCK JE, 1989, PHYSIOL REV, V69, P1 BLUESTEIN HG, 1981, AM J MED, V70, P240, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(81)90756-7 BLUESTEIN HG, 1982, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V25, P773, DOI 10.1002/art.1780250711 Bluestein HG, 1992, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTH, P639 BLUMENTHAL HT, 1988, DRUG DEVELOP RES, V15, P207, DOI 10.1002/ddr.430150213 BRENEMAN SM, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P135, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1015 BRICK JE, 1988, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V46, P68, DOI 10.1016/0090-1229(88)90007-4 Bures J, 1983, TECHNIQUES BASIC EXP, V2nd CARBOTTE RM, 1986, J NERV MENT DIS, V174, P357, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198606000-00008 CARBOTTE RM, 1992, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTH, P865 CARLSTEN H, 1991, J AUTOIMMUN, V4, P845, DOI 10.1016/0896-8411(91)90048-H CARLSTEN H, 1989, IMMUNOLOGY, V68, P209 CHENGAPPA KNR, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V30, P731, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90019-I Chesnokova V M, 1991, Biomed Sci, V2, P557 CRIMANDO J, 1992, J IMMUNOL METHODS, V149, P87 CRIMANDO J, 1995, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V9, P165, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1995.1016 CROW MK, 1992, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTH, P51 CUTOLO M, 1995, FUND CLIN IMMUNOL, V3, P9 DANTZER R, 1994, PSYCHOIMMUNOLOGY CNS, P1 DASILVA JAP, 1995, ANN RHEUM DIS, V54, P6, DOI 10.1136/ard.54.1.6 DEKLOET ER, 1994, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V19, P121, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(94)90002-7 DENBURG JA, 1990, RES P ARNMD, V68, P171 DENBURG JA, 1987, NEUROLOGY, V37, P464 DENBURG JA, 1993, RHEUM REV, V2, P123 DENBURG SD, 1993, RHEUM DIS CLIN N AM, V19, P815 DENBURG SD, 1987, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V9, P323, DOI 10.1080/01688638708405054 DENENBERG VH, 1992, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V6, P40, DOI 10.1016/0889-1591(92)90058-V DENENBERG VH, 1991, BRAIN RES, V562, P98, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91192-4 DENENBERG VH, 1992, BRAIN RES, V571, P323, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90671-U DENENBERG VH, 1991, BRAIN RES, V563, P114, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91522-3 DHILLON VB, 1994, Q J MED, V87, P215 DIEDERIC.H, 1970, BRAIN, V93, P407, DOI 10.1093/brain/93.2.407 Dixon F J, 1978, Arthritis Rheum, V21, pS64, DOI 10.1002/art.1780210909 DUNN AJ, 1993, CIBA F SYMP, V172, P226 DUNN AJ, 1990, BRAIN RES REV, V15, P71, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90012-D FARRELL M, IN PRESS LUPUS FAULDS G, 1995, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V34, P610 FAULDS GB, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P234 FORSTER MJ, 1988, BEHAV NEURAL BIOL, V49, P139, DOI 10.1016/S0163-1047(88)90462-1 FORSTER MJ, 1988, DRUG DEVELOP RES, V15, P253, DOI 10.1002/ddr.430150216 FORSTER MJ, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P709 GALINOWSKI A, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V85, P240, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08602.x GANGULI R, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES, V44, P113, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(92)90046-6 GANGULI R, 1993, ANN MED, V25, P489, DOI 10.3109/07853899309147317 GROTA L J, 1989, Brain Behavior and Immunity, V3, P263, DOI 10.1016/0889-1591(89)90041-X GROTA L J, 1987, Brain Behavior and Immunity, V1, P238, DOI 10.1016/0889-1591(87)90026-2 GROTA LJ, 1990, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V37, P527, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90023-B Hahn Bevra H., 1993, P157 HALL J, 1994, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V37, P1132, DOI 10.1002/art.1780370804 HANLY JG, 1989, POSTGRAD MED J, V65, P622 HANLY JG, 1988, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V31, P1492, DOI 10.1002/art.1780311205 HANLY JG, 1992, J RHEUMATOL, V19, P562 HARBECK RJ, 1978, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V31, P313 HART BL, 1990, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V14, P273, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80038-7 HART BL, 1988, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V12, P123, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6 HART BL, 1992, J PARASITOL, V78, P256, DOI 10.2307/3283472 Hart B.L., 1987, FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE, V3, P383 HARTWELL D, 1994, IMMUNOL LETT, V43, P15, DOI 10.1016/0165-2478(94)00144-8 HAY EM, 1992, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V35, P411, DOI 10.1002/art.1780350409 Henn F, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P687 HESS DC, 1993, J RHEUMATOL, V20, P610 HIROHATA S, 1990, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V33, P644, DOI 10.1002/art.1780330506 HOFFMAN SA, 1978, BRAIN RES, V142, P477, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90910-1 HOFFMAN SA, 1989, IMPLICATIONS BLOOD B, V2, P469 HOFFMAN SA, 1987, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V70, P74 HOFFMAN SA, 1990, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V30, P229, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90107-X HOMODELARCHE F, 1991, J STEROID BIOCHEM, V40, P619, DOI 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90285-D HOW A, 1985, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V28, P789, DOI 10.1002/art.1780280710 HU YH, 1993, INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM, V102, P232 ISSHI K, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P1758 IZUI S, 1995, IMMUNOL REV, V144, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00068.x JABS DA, 1994, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V350, P623 JORGENSEN C, 1994, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V12, P435 KARPIAK SE, 1976, SCIENCE, V194, P735, DOI 10.1126/science.982041 KATZ PP, 1993, J RHEUMATOL, V20, P790 KAWASHIMA N, 1993, INTERNAL MED, V32, P561, DOI 10.2169/internalmedicine.32.561 KELLY MC, 1987, J RHEUMATOL, V14, P740 KENT S, 1992, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V13, P24, DOI 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90012-U KLEIN A, 1990, J RHEUMATOL, V17, P30 KLIR JJ, 1994, AM J PHYSIOL, V266, pR1845 KOBAYASHI I, 1992, INT IMMUNOL, V4, P1407, DOI 10.1093/intimm/4.12.1407 KOBILER D, 1976, BRAIN RES, V115, P129, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90827-1 KONORSKI J, 1995, INTEGRATIVE ACTIVITY, P424 LAL H, 1988, NEUROBIOL AGING, V9, P733, DOI 10.1016/S0197-4580(88)80141-6 LAL H, 1986, LIFE SCI, V39, P507, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90506-0 LAMPE MA, 1991, J IMMUNOL, V147, P2902 LATCHMAN DS, 1994, AUTOIMMUNITY, V19, P211, DOI 10.3109/08916939408995696 LEVINE JS, 1993, EUR J IMMUNOL, V23, P2951, DOI 10.1002/eji.1830231134 LYSON K, 1992, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V650, P182 LYSON K, 1991, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, V54, P262, DOI 10.1159/000125884 MAAG TJ, 1993, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V45, P37, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90161-Q Maes M, 1993, Rev Neurosci, V4, P407 MAES M, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V87, P160, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03349.x MAES M, 1995, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V19, P11, DOI 10.1016/0278-5846(94)00101-M MAGNER MB, 1991, S AFR MED J, V80, P291 MALINOW KL, 1985, ANN INTERN MED, V103, P344 MCALLISTER CG, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P111 MCCOMBE PA, 1987, BRAIN, V110, P533, DOI 10.1093/brain/110.2.533 MCEWEN BS, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P18 MCINTYRE KR, 1990, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V28, P39, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90039-P MCKENZIE WN, 1988, AM J PATHOL, V131, P530 MERRILL JE, 1991, FASEB J, V5, P2391 MOORE PM, 1994, J NEUROSCI RES, V39, P140, DOI 10.1002/jnr.490390204 MOORE PM, 1992, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V38, P147, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(92)90099-7 MOORE PM, 1995, SPRINGER SEMIN IMMUN, V17, P43 MOORE PM, 1990, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V30, P101, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(90)90093-3 MORI K, 1994, AUTOIMMUNITY, V17, P49, DOI 10.3109/08916939409014658 Mowrer OH, 1947, HARVARD EDUC REV, V17, P102 MOYER CF, 1987, AM J PATHOL, V127, P229 Mukai M, 1990, Ryumachi, V30, P109 MULLER N, 1995, CNS DRUGS, V4, P125 NANDY K, 1983, LIFE SCI, V33, P1499, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90853-6 NARENDRAN A, 1989, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V24, P113, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(89)90105-7 NARENDRAN A, 1988, J IMMUNOL METHODS, V114, P227, DOI 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90178-0 OSULLIVAN FX, 1995, J AUTOIMMUN, V8, P163, DOI 10.1006/jaut.1995.0013 OSULLIVAN FX, 1985, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V28, P529, DOI 10.1002/art.1780280511 OVERMEIER JB, 1979, ANIMAL LEARNING, P313 OWENS MJ, 1993, CIBA F SYMP, V172, P296 PARNET P, 1993, J NEUROENDOCRINOL, V5, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00384.x PATARCA R, 1990, J EXP MED, V172, P1177, DOI 10.1084/jem.172.4.1177 PATRYLO PR, 1994, GLIA, V10, P1, DOI 10.1002/glia.440100102 PAYNE LC, 1994, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V198, P480, DOI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1070 Perrella O, 1992, Arq Neuropsiquiatr, V50, P180 PERRELLA O, 1992, J NEUROL, V239, P387 PLATASALAMAN CR, 1991, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V15, P185, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80001-6 PLIOPLYS AV, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P93, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071273 PORSOLT RD, 1977, NATURE, V266, P730, DOI 10.1038/266730a0 PORSOLT RD, 1978, EUR J PHARMACOL, V51, P291, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(78)90414-4 QUISMORI.FP, 1972, INT ARCH ALLER A IMM, V43, P740 RETZ KC, 1987, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V26, P445, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90025-6 RETZ KC, 1987, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V28, P275, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(87)90225-5 RIVIER C, 1993, CIBA F SYMP, V172, P204 RIVIER C, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V697, P97, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49926.x Rivier C, 1990, Adv Exp Med Biol, V274, P295 ROGERS MP, 1980, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V2, P89, DOI 10.1016/0163-8343(80)90020-1 ROYCE JR, 1975, BEHAV GENET, V5, P351, DOI 10.1007/BF01073205 ROYCE JR, 1973, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V83, P36, DOI 10.1037/h0034251 SAKIC B, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V54, P57, DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(93)90048-U Sakic B, 1996, BRAIN RES BULL, V41, P305 SAKIC B, 1992, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V6, P265 Sakic B., 1995, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V21, P1396 Sakic B, 1996, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V60, P901, DOI 10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00065-0 SAKIC B, 1994, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V8, P1, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1994.1001 SAKIC B, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V58, P797 SAKIC B, 1993, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V54, P1025, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90319-B SAKIC B, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V56, P609, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90309-3 SALAS MA, 1990, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V79, P470 SCHIFFER RB, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P1037 Schöbitz B, 1992, Endocr Regul, V26, P103 SCHOBITZ B, 1994, PROG NEUROBIOL, V44, P397, DOI 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90034-5 SCHROTT LM, 1994, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V8, P100, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1994.1010 Schrott LM, 1996, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V110, P492 SCHROTT LM, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P205, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1022 SCHROTT LM, 1992, DEV BRAIN RES, V67, P85, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(92)90028-U SCHROTT LM, 1996, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V110, P481 Schrott L. M., 1994, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V20, P948 SCHROTT LM, 1992, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V52, P1085, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90463-C SCHROTT LM, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V56, P849, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90314-X SCOTT E, 1995, PSYCHOIMMUNOLOGY CNS, P79 SEGGEV JS, 1991, CHEST, V99, P289, DOI 10.1378/chest.99.2.289 SEKIGUCHI M, 1991, DEV BRAIN RES, V64, P189, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(91)90224-7 SHEAR HL, 1983, CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP, V26, P361, DOI 10.1016/0090-1229(83)90120-4 SHERMAN GF, 1987, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V74, P239 SHERMAN GF, 1990, BRAIN RES, V532, P25, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91737-2 SHERMAN GF, 1990, BRAIN RES, V529, P202, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90828-Y SHERMAN GF, 1990, BRAIN RES, V532, P232, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91764-8 SHERMAN GF, 1988, DRUG DEVELOP RES, V15, P307, DOI 10.1002/ddr.430150219 SHIMA S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P322, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90217-A SHINITZKY M, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V621, P205 SIMON J, 1975, EXP NEUROL, V47, P523, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(75)90085-0 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 SIROTA P, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P450, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90173-B SPANGELO BL, 1990, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V126, P582 SPANGELO BL, 1991, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V128, P2685 SPANGELO BL, 1989, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V125, P575 SPANGELO BL, 1994, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V135, P556, DOI 10.1210/en.135.2.556 SPENCER DG, 1986, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V100, P353 SPEZIALETTI R, 1993, AM J MED, V95, P153, DOI 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90255-N Steinberg A D, 1994, Semin Immunol, V6, P55, DOI 10.1006/smim.1994.1009 STERNBERG EM, 1992, ANN INTERN MED, V117, P854 STUART RA, 1995, CLIN EXP RHEUMATOL, V13, P17 SUNDIN U, 1989, Brain Behavior and Immunity, V3, P345, DOI 10.1016/0889-1591(89)90033-0 SUZUKA H, 1993, AUTOIMMUNITY, V14, P275, DOI 10.3109/08916939309079229 SUZUKI H, 1993, EUR J IMMUNOL, V23, P1078, DOI 10.1002/eji.1830230515 SWEEP F, 1991, ACTA ENDOCRINOL-COP, V125, P84 SYMONS JP, 1988, LIFE SCI, V42, P375, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(88)90075-6 TALAL N, 1987, J RHEUMATOL, V14, P21 TANAKA A, 1988, J RHEUMATOL, V15, P10 TANG B, 1991, INT IMMUNOL, V3, P273, DOI 10.1093/intimm/3.3.273 TEHRANI MJ, 1994, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V53, P91 Theofilopoulos AN, 1992, SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTH, P121 TREIT D, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V31, P959, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90413-3 TSAI CY, 1995, SCAND J IMMUNOL, V41, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03548.x TSAI CY, 1994, SCAND J RHEUMATOL, V23, P57 UTSET TO, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P2039 VANDAM AP, 1994, RHEUMATOL INT, V14, P57 VOGELWEID CM, 1994, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V37, P889, DOI 10.1002/art.1780370617 VOGELWEID CM, 1991, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V35, P89, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90164-3 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P873, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00005 WATANABEFUKUNAGA R, 1992, J IMMUNOL, V148, P1274 WEIGENT DA, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V579, P17, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48350.x WEKKING EM, 1991, PSYCHOTHER PSYCHOSOM, V55, P126 WEKKING EM, 1993, PSYCHOSOM MED, V55, P219 WILDER RL, 1995, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V13, P307 WILDER R L, 1990, Current Opinion in Rheumatology, V2, P436 WILLNER P, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P525, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80194-0 Wisniewski HM, 1991, BRAIN PATHOL, V1, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00645.x WOLOSKI BMRNJ, 1985, SCIENCE, V230, P1035, DOI 10.1126/science.2997929 WREE A, 1989, HISTOCHEMISTRY, V92, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF00500551 YANNITSI SG, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V27, P747, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90590-X YEH TS, 1994, AUTOIMMUNITY, V18, P169, DOI 10.3109/08916939409007993 YONK LJ, 1990, IMMUNOL LETT, V25, P341, DOI 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90205-5 ZIMMERMAN AW, 1993, INT PEDIAT, V8, P161 NR 231 TC 69 Z9 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XA244 UT WOS:A1997XA24400007 PM 9168268 ER PT J AU Rodier, PM Bryson, SE Welch, JP AF Rodier, PM Bryson, SE Welch, JP TI Minor malformations and physical measurements in autism: Data from Nova Scotia SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES; HINDBRAIN; CHILDREN; HOX-1.6; EAR AB in Nova Scotia, subjects were evaluated for minor physical anomalies and physical measurements. Normal control children, children with autism and their siblings, and children with developmental disabilities and their siblings were compared. Posterior rotation of the external ears was found to be a characteristic related to autism specifically, rather than to developmental disabilities in general. Small feet and normal-to-large hands also were observed in the autism group. Children with autism had a significant reduction in interpupillary distance, but not intercanthic distance or head circumference. In contrast, children with other developmental disabilities were notable for general small stature, which affected the hands, feet, eyes, and head size, as well as height. Abnormal ear configuration was the minor malformation most characteristic of the developmental disability group, and the subset of Down syndrome children had single transverse creases of the palm and epicanthic folds that resulted in significantly increased rates of these anomalies in the developmentally disabled controls, Siblings of the two disabled groups were not significantly different from normal controls on any of the measures that characterized children with autism or other developmental disabilities. The results agree with those of several previous studies, which have suggested that abnormalities of the ears are the general category of minor anomalies most associated with autism. Recent evidence regarding the embryological origin of autism suggests that the ear effects may be an important marker of the initiating events that lead to the disorder. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,TORONTO,ON M3J 2R7,CANADA. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. RP Rodier, PM (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,POB 668,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. CR Aase JM, 1990, DIAGNOSTIC DYSMORPHO BINKERD PE, 1988, FUND APPL TOXICOL, V11, P485, DOI 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90112-1 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x Bryson SE, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02172005 CAMPBELL M, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P573 CARPENTER EM, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V118, P1063 CHISAKA O, 1992, NATURE, V355, P516, DOI 10.1038/355516a0 Christianson A, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P357 DAVIGNON M, 1964, ARCHIV OTOLARYNGOL, V80, P136 Farkas L. G., 1981, ANTHROPOMETRY HEAD F FEINGOLD M, 1974, NORMAL VALUES SELECT FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GOLDFARB W, 1956, UNPUB PHYSICAL STIGM Jones KL, 1997, SMITHS RECOGNIZABLE KLIN A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF01066416 LINKS PS, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF02408286 LUFKIN T, 1991, CELL, V66, P1105, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90034-V MARK M, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V119, P319 Miller M T, 1991, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, V89, P623 Miller M. T., 1993, Teratology, V47, P387 ORAHILLY R, 1983, ANAT EMBRYOL, V168, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF00305401 ORAHILLY R, 1963, J EMBRYOL EXP MORPH, V11, P741 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 RUTTER M, 1979, DEV ACQUIRED DISORDE, P247 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x SMITH DW, 1964, J PEDIATR-US, V65, P189, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(64)80519-9 STEG JP, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01540677 STROMLAND K, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P351 SUEHIRO S, 1979, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V88, P2 WALDROP MF, 1968, CHILD DEV, V39, P391, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1968.tb04433.x WALKER HA, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01537727 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199705)55:5<319::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-U PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XP376 UT WOS:A1997XP37600004 PM 9261926 ER PT J AU Frith, U AF Frith, Uta TI The neurocognitive basis of autism SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Review AB The cognitive study of the underlying mental abnormalities in autism has advanced rapidly, while the biological study of the underlying brain abnormalities and of putative genetic mechanisms is lagging somewhat behind. However, the linking of cognitive and biological studies has become a real possibility. Developmental cognitive neuroscience has transformed our understanding of this enigmatic disorder, which was once misguidedly thought to be caused by maternal rejection. The hypothesis of a specific theory of mind deficit was a crucial step in this process. It explains the puzzle of the characteristic social and communication impairments of autism and allows for the fact that they can coexist with good general abilities. This hypothesis has been widely accepted and a start has been made at pinpointing the brain basis of theory of mind. The non-social impairments of autism have now become a major focus for cognitive research. One theory proposes dysfunction in executive processes, in an attempt to explain repetitive behaviour and inflexibility. Another theory proposes weak information integration, in an attempt to explain narrow interests and special talents. Autism research has thus stimulated ideas on important mind-brain systems that may be dedicated to the development of social awareness, executive functions and integrative processing. C1 [Frith, Uta] MRC, Cognit Dev Unit, London WC1H 0BT, England. [Frith, Uta] Univ Coll London, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Frith, U (reprint author), MRC, Cognit Dev Unit, 4 Taviton St, London WC1H 0BT, England. EM u.frith@edu.ucl.ac.uk CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H., 1944, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BR J PSYCHIAT, V168, P158 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 FRITH U, 1991, SOCIAL PSYCHIAT THEO, P65 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GOEL V, 1995, NEUROREPORT, V6, P1741, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199509000-00009 Happe F, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P1377, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.4.1377 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HAPPE F, 1996, NEUROREPORT HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Happe FGE, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P873, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01483.x Happe FGE, 1997, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P1 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MAZOYER BM, 1993, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V5, P467, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.4.467 MOTTRON L, 1993, BRAIN COGNITION, V23, P279, DOI 10.1006/brcg.1993.1060 Ozonoff S, 1996, BRAIN LANG, V52, P411, DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x Rimland B., 1988, EXCEPTIONAL BRAIN, P474 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUSSELL J, AUTISM EXEC IN PRESS Shallice T., 1988, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY MENT SINGER W, 1993, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V55, P349, DOI 10.1146/annurev.physiol.55.1.349 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 Wing L, 1996, BRIT MED J, V312, P327 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WOLFF S, 1995, LONERS LIFEPATH UNUS World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1364-6613 J9 TRENDS COGN SCI JI TRENDS COGN. SCI. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 1 IS 2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01010-3 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA V04UY UT WOS:000207084500017 PM 21223867 ER PT J AU Ryan, JP Murkies, AS AF Ryan, JP Murkies, AS TI Autism: Time for a national approach to early assessment and management SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Letter ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN RP Ryan, JP (reprint author), BRIGHTON GASTROENTEROL ASSOCIATES,SUITE 5,2 CHURCH ST,BRIGHTON,VIC 3186,AUSTRALIA. CR Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 Tonge BJ, 1996, MED J AUSTRALIA, V165, P244 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PI SYDNEY PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA SN 0025-729X J9 MED J AUSTRALIA JI Med. J. Aust. PD APR 21 PY 1997 VL 166 IS 8 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WU899 UT WOS:A1997WU89900014 PM 9140352 ER PT J AU Sampson, AJ Hale, LG AF Sampson, AJ Hale, LG TI Autism: Time for a national approach to early assessment and management SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Letter ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN C1 FREEMASONS MED CTR,MELBOURNE IVF,MELBOURNE,VIC 3002,AUSTRALIA. CR LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 Tonge BJ, 1996, MED J AUSTRALIA, V165, P244 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PI SYDNEY PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA SN 0025-729X J9 MED J AUSTRALIA JI Med. J. Aust. PD APR 21 PY 1997 VL 166 IS 8 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WU899 UT WOS:A1997WU89900015 PM 9140353 ER PT J AU Tonge, BJ AF Tonge, BJ TI Autism: Time for a national approach to early assessment and management - Reply SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Letter ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN RP Tonge, BJ (reprint author), MONASH MED CTR,CTR DEV PSYCHIAT,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. CR LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 LOVAAS OL, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V62, P131 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PI SYDNEY PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA SN 0025-729X J9 MED J AUSTRALIA JI Med. J. Aust. PD APR 21 PY 1997 VL 166 IS 8 BP 443 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WU899 UT WOS:A1997WU89900016 ER PT J AU Miezejeski, CM Heaney, G Belser, R Brown, WT Jenkins, EC Sersen, EA AF Miezejeski, CM Heaney, G Belser, R Brown, WT Jenkins, EC Sersen, EA TI Longer brainstem auditory evoked response latencies of individuals with fragile X syndrome related to sedation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile X; brainstem auditory evoked response ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; RECURRENT OTITIS-MEDIA; STEM RESPONSES; AUTISM; MALES; ABNORMALITIES; ANESTHESIA; POTENTIALS; ENFLURANE; LANGUAGE AB Brainstem auditory evoked response latencies were studied in 75 males (13 with fragile X syndrome, 18 with mental retardation due to other causes, and 44 with no disability). Latency values were obtained for each ear for the positive deflections of waves I (P1), III (P3), and V (P5). Some individuals with mental retardation required sedation. Contrary to previous report, latencies obtained for individuals with fragile X did not differ from those obtained for persons without mental retardation. Persons receiving sedation, whether or not their retardation was due to fragile X, had longer latencies for wave P5 than persons who did not receive sedation. This effect of sedation may also explain the previously reported increased latencies for persons with fragile X. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Miezejeski, CM (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,DEPT PSYCHOL,1050 FOREST HILL RD,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR ARINAMI T, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V43, P46 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 Brown W T, 1987, Ups J Med Sci Suppl, V44, P137 CHUDLEY AE, 1983, AM J MED GENET, V14, P699, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320140412 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P498, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380271 COHEN IL, 1992, 1992 INTERNATIONAL FRAGILE X CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, P121 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 DRUMMOND JC, 1985, ANESTHESIOLOGY, V63, P249, DOI 10.1097/00000542-198509000-00002 DRUMMOND JC, 1987, NEUROSURGERY, V20, P830 DUBOIS MY, 1982, ANESTH ANALG, V61, P898 FOLSOM RC, 1983, ANN OTOLRHINOL LARYN, V62, P249 GALBRAITH G, 1987, AM J MENT DEFIC, V87, P551 GILLBERG C, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P27 Hagerman R., 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P83 HAGERMAN R, 1985, AM J DIS CHILD, V139, P674 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HAGERMAN RJ, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P184 HARVEY J, 1977, J MED GENET, V14, P46, DOI 10.1136/jmg.14.1.46 HERBST DS, 1981, HUM GENET, V58, P366 LENHARDT ML, 1985, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V111, P315 MANNINEN PH, 1985, ANESTH ANALG, V64, P43 MIEZEJESKI CM, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P481 MIEZEJESKI CM, 1992, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGI, V6, P320 PRATT H, 1978, AUDIOLOGY, V17, P285 SERSEN EA, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V27, P834, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90464-D SHACKELFORD M, 1980, UNPUB DEV SCREENING SQUIRES N, 1986, EAR HEARING, V7, P83, DOI 10.1097/00003446-198604000-00006 SQUIRES N, 1982, CLIN APPL EVOKED POT, P233 SQUIRES N, 1980, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V50, P172, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(80)90334-X *STATSOFT, 1991, CSS VERS 3 1 COMP PR SUDHALTER V, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P65, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430110 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 *SYSTAT, 1991, SYSTAT VERS 5 02 COM THORNTON C, 1983, BRIT J ANAESTH, V55, P479, DOI 10.1093/bja/55.6.479 THORNTON C, 1984, BRIT J ANAESTH, V56, P315, DOI 10.1093/bja/56.4.315 TURNER G, 1980, J PEDIATR-US, V96, P837, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80552-X WIDEN JE, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P472 WISNIEWSKI KE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P476, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380267 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD APR 18 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970418)74:2<167::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-G PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WV797 UT WOS:A1997WV79700010 PM 9129717 ER PT J AU Cook, EH Lindgren, V Leventhal, BL Courchesne, R Lincoln, A Shulman, C Lord, C Courchesne, E AF Cook, EH Lindgren, V Leventhal, BL Courchesne, R Lincoln, A Shulman, C Lord, C Courchesne, E TI Autism or atypical autism in maternally but not paternally derived proximal 15q duplication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALS; CHROMOSOME; DISORDERS; TWIN; 15Q11-Q13; REGION AB Duplications of proximal 15q have been found in individuals with autistic disorder (AD) and varying degrees of mental retardation. Often these abnormalities take the form of a supernumerary inverted duplicated chromosome 15, more properly described as an isodicentric chromosome 15, or idic(15). However, intrachromosomal duplications also have been reported. In a few cases, unaffected mothers, as well as their affected children, carry the same duplications. During the course of the genotyping of trios of affected probands with AD and their parents, at the positional candidate locus D15S122, an intrachromosomal duplication of proximal 15q was detected by microsatellite analysis in a phenotypically normal mother. Microsatellite and methylation analyses of the pedigree in the following report show that, among three children, the two with autism or atypical autism have maternal inheritance of a 15q11-q13 duplication whereas the third child, who is unaffected, did not inherit this duplication. Their mother's 15q11-q13 duplication arose de novo from her father's chromosomes 15. This finding documents, for the first time, the significance of parental origin for duplications of 15q11-q13. In this family, paternal inheritance leads to a normal phenotype, and maternal inheritance leads to autism or atypical autism. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,LAB DEV NEUROSCI,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,AUTISM & BRAIN DEV RES LAB,SCH MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Cook, EH (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MC 3077,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKER P, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P529, DOI 10.1007/BF02172133 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x BUNDEY S, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P736 CALLEN DF, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P709, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430412 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Flejter WL, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V61, P182, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960111)61:2<182::AID-AJMG17>3.0.CO;2-Q FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P489, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00022 GLATT K, 1994, GENOMICS, V19, P157, DOI 10.1006/geno.1994.1027 GYAPAY G, 1994, NAT GENET, V7, P246, DOI 10.1038/ng0694supp-246 Hirsch B., 1995, American Journal of Human Genetics, V57, pA116 HOTOPF M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02178166 HUDSON TJ, 1992, GENOMICS, V13, P622, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90133-D JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 LEANACOX J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P748 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Mignon C, 1996, EUR J HUM GENET, V4, P88 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 Raven J. C., 1993, COLOURED PROGR MATRI RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 Robinson Wendy P., 1993, European Journal of Human Genetics, V1, P37 SCHINZEL AA, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P798, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.10.798 SHEFFIELD VC, 1995, HUM MOL GENET, V4, P1837, DOI 10.1093/hmg/4.10.1837 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 Sparrow S., 1984, VINELAND SCALES ADAP Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 STERGIANOU K, 1992, HUM GENET, V88, P364 NR 31 TC 376 Z9 388 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 1997 VL 60 IS 4 BP 928 EP 934 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WT614 UT WOS:A1997WT61400023 PM 9106540 ER PT J AU Koshes, RJ AF Koshes, RJ TI Use of fluoxetine for obsessive-compulsive behavior in adults with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID DISORDER; SERTRALINE CR BUCK OD, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P953 CAMPBELL JJ, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P123 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P400 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P547, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90011-2 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 TOLLEFSON GD, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P559 TOLLEFSON GD, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P864 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD APR PY 1997 VL 154 IS 4 BP 578 EP 578 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WQ183 UT WOS:A1997WQ18300033 PM 9090351 ER PT J AU WeidmerMikhail, E Sheldon, S Ghaziuddin, M AF WeidmerMikhail, E Sheldon, S Ghaziuddin, M TI Chromosomes in autism: A cytogenetic study SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 41 SU 7 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WQ709 UT WOS:A1997WQ70900140 ER PT J AU Cooper, SA AF Cooper, SA TI Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in elderly compared with younger adults with learning disabilities SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWNS-SYNDROME; OLDER-PEOPLE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; DEPRESSION; MORBIDITY; DEMENTIA; MODERATE AB Background The literature regarding psychiatric illness among elderly people with learning disabilities is limited and conflicting because of methodological differences,There have been no recent studies comparing psychiatric epidemiology between younger and older adults with learning disabilities, using the same methodology and definitions. Method Comprehensive psychiatric examination using a semi-structured rating scale was undertaken on everyone with learning disabilities, aged 65 years or over (n=134), living in a defined geographical area. Comparison was made with a randomly selected control group of adults with learning disabilities aged 20-65 years (n=73) drawn from the same geographical area. Results Elderly people with learning disabilities have a greater prevalence of psychiatric morbidity than younger controls (68.7 v. 47.9%). Rates for depression and anxiety disorders are high, and dementia is common: there are equal rates for schizophrenia/delusional disorders, autism and behaviour disorders in the two groups. Conclusions The higher psychiatric morbidity among elderly (compared with younger) people with learning disabilities has not previously received adequate recognition. This warrants further investigation by service planners and clinicians. RP Cooper, SA (reprint author), ROCKINGHAM FOREST NHS TRUST,ST MARYS HOSP,LONDON RD,KETTERING NN15 7PW,NORTHANTS,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARCIKOWSKA M, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P551 Cooper Sally-Ann, 1996, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, V13, P105 COOPER SA, 1992, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V7, P865, DOI 10.1002/gps.930071204 COOPER SA, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P399, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.3.399 Corbett J, 1979, PSYCHIAT ILLNESS MEN, P11 DAY K, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P660, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.6.660 DAY KA, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P131 HOLMES N, 1982, PSYCHOL MED, V12, P879 LUND J, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P557, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02654.x MOSS S, 1993, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V28, P32, DOI 10.1007/BF00797831 PATEL P, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P481, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.4.481 POPOVITCH ER, 1990, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V80, P362 REISS S, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P287 Sansom D. T., 1994, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, V38, P45 STURMEY P, 1993, J NERV MENT DIS, V181, P38, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199301000-00007 TAIT D, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P133 World Health Organization, 1993, ICD10 CLASS MENT BEH World Health Organization (WHO), 1992, SCHED CLIN ASS NEUR NR 19 TC 85 Z9 85 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD APR PY 1997 VL 170 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1192/bjp.170.4.375 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WW753 UT WOS:A1997WW75300016 PM 9246258 ER PT J AU Giedd, JN AF Giedd, JN TI Normal development SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID HUMAN CORPUS-CALLOSUM; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; HUMAN-BRAIN; MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Interpretation of subtle neuroanatomic differences in clinical populations is illuminated by knowledge of normal brain development. Although total cerebral volume is surprisingly stable from 4 to 18 years of age, various subcomponents of the brain undergo marked and sex-specific developmental changes. These sexually dimorphic patterns of normal brain development may interact with genetic or environmental factors to account for the noted sex differences in age of onset, prevalence, and symptomatology in nearly all neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood onset. High variability of brain structure sizes during development calls for large sample longitudinal study designs. RP Giedd, JN (reprint author), NIMH,CHILD PSYCHIAT BRANCH,BLDG 10,ROOM 6N240,10 CTR DR MSC 1600,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Giedd, Jay/A-3080-2008; Giedd, Jay/B-7302-2012 OI Giedd, Jay/0000-0003-0827-3460 CR ALLEN LS, 1991, J NEUROSCI, V11, P933 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDREASEN NC, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P130 BELL AD, 1985, J ANAT, V143, P143 BENES FM, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P477 BERLUCCHI G, 1981, DOC OPTHAL P SER, V30, P87 BIGELOW LH, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P281 Blinkov S. M., 1968, HUMAN BRAIN FIGURES Bogen J E, 1969, Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc, V34, P73 BOURGEOIS JP, 1993, J NEUROSCI, V13, P2801 Brizzee K. R., 1964, PROGR BRAIN RES, V4, P136, DOI 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)61274-1 BYNE W, 1988, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V102, P222, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.102.2.222 CASCELLA NG, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P217, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.2.217 CASEY BJ, 1996, NEUROIMAGING, V2 CASEY BJ, 1995, NEUROIMAGE, V2, P221, DOI 10.1006/nimg.1995.1029 CASTELLANOS FX, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1791 Castellanos FX, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P607 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 CLARK AS, 1988, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V123, P932 CLARKE S, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V280, P213, DOI 10.1002/cne.902800205 COFFEY CE, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P7 Cook N. D., 1986, BRAIN CODE MECH INFO COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COWELL PE, 1992, DEV BRAIN RES, V66, P187, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(92)90079-C DEKABAN AS, 1978, ANN NEUROL, V4, P345, DOI 10.1002/ana.410040410 DEKABAN AS, 1977, ANN NEUROL, V2, P485, DOI 10.1002/ana.410020607 DELACOSTE MC, 1986, HUM NEUROBIOL, V5, P93 DIAMOND MC, 1964, J COMP NEUROL, V123, P111, DOI 10.1002/cne.901230110 DIENER E, 1985, DEV PSYCHOL, V21, P542, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.21.3.542 DUARA R, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P410 FILIPEK PA, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P344, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.4.344 Frazier JA, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P617 Frazier JA, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P564 GESCHWIND N, 1978, FED PROC, V37, P2263 GIEDD JN, 1997, IN PRESS PROGR NEURO GIEDD JN, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P665 Giedd JN, 1996, CEREB CORTEX, V6, P551, DOI 10.1093/cercor/6.4.551 Giedd JN, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V366, P223, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960304)366:2<223::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-7 GIEDD JN, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V61, P113, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(95)02593-M Giedd J N, 1996, Brain Res Dev Brain Res, V91, P274 GIEDD JN, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V25, P11 Giedd JN, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P913, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199607000-00017 GOLDBERG TE, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V55, P51, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(94)90011-6 GOULD E, 1990, J NEUROSCI, V10, P1286 HARVEY PH, 1990, SCIENCE, V249, P140, DOI 10.1126/science.2196673 HELLIGE JB, 1979, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V108, P251, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.108.2.251 HOLLOWAY RL, 1986, HUM NEUROBIOL, V5, P87 HYDE TM, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P1176 HYND GW, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P919 HYND GW, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P141 HYND GW, 1989, PSYCHOL BULL, V106, P447, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.106.3.447 HYND GW, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P339 JACOBS LF, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P6349, DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6349 Jacobsen LK, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P355 Jacobson M., 1991, DEV NEUROBIOLOGY JERNIGAN TL, 1991, BRAIN, V114, P2037, DOI 10.1093/brain/114.5.2037 JERSLID AT, 1963, PSYCHOL ADOLESCENCE, P136 KERTESZ A, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P589, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.2.589 KREBS JR, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P1388, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1388 LAESSLE RG, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V21, P187, DOI 10.1159/000118575 LARSEN JP, 1990, BRAIN LANG, V39, P289, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(90)90015-9 LENCZ T, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V31, P629, DOI 10.1002/ana.410310610 LEVY J, 1981, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V19, P523, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(81)90019-1 LEVY J, 1985, HEMISPHERIC FUNCTION, P11 LEWIS TL, 1986, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V70, P214, DOI 10.1136/bjo.70.3.214 LISHMAN WA, 1990, BR J PSYCHIAT, V156 MORSE JK, 1986, EXP NEUROL, V94, P649, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(86)90244-X MURPHY DGM, 1993, LANCET, V342, P1197, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92184-U NELLHAUS G, 1968, PEDIATRICS, V41, P106 NJIOKIKTJIEN C, 1991, PEDIAT BEHAV NEUROLO, V3, P1 NOLTE J, 1993, HUMAN BRAIN INTRO IT, P319 OPPENHEIM JS, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P604, DOI 10.1002/ana.410210615 PARASHOS IA, 1995, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V7, P35 PETERSON B, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 PETERSON BS, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V55, P85, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(94)90003-5 PFEFFERBAUM A, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P874 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PUJOL J, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P71, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340113 Rabinowics T., 1986, HUMAN GROWTH, V2, P385 Rajapakse JC, 1996, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V20, P206, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199603000-00007 RAUCH RA, 1994, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V64, P65, DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(94)90119-8 ROSENTHA.R, 1972, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V121, P259, DOI 10.1192/bjp.121.3.259 RUMSEY JM, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P1045 RUMSEY JM, 1995, NEUROIMAGING WINDOW, P119 SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P875, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199407000-00014 SHANKS MF, 1975, BRAIN RES, V98, P166, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90516-8 Shapiro RS, 1960, NORMAL SKULL SHERRY DF, 1992, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V15, P298, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90080-R SHERRY DF, 1989, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V34, P300 SHOLL SA, 1989, DEV BRAIN RES, V50, P189, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(89)90194-6 SINGER HS, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P950 THATCHER RW, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P29 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WEIS S, 1989, INT J NEUROSCI, V47, P169, DOI 10.3109/00207458908987430 WEIS S, 1988, PSYCHOBIOLOGY, V16, P411 WILLERMAN L, 1991, INTELLIGENCE, V15, P223, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(91)90031-8 Witelson S. F., 1985, HEMISPHERIC FUNCTION, P33 WITELSON SF, 1989, BRAIN, V112, P799, DOI 10.1093/brain/112.3.799 WITELSON SF, 1985, SCIENCE, V229, P665, DOI 10.1126/science.4023705 ZAIDEL D, 1974, BRAIN, V97, P263, DOI 10.1093/brain/97.1.263 NR 102 TC 9 Z9 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1056-4993 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 265 EP & PG 20 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WX109 UT WOS:A1997WX10900004 ER PT J AU Piven, J OLeary, D AF Piven, J OLeary, D TI Neuroimaging in autism SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; RESONANCE-IMAGING EVIDENCE; BRAIN-SCAN FINDINGS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM AB Autism is a complex developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. Postmortem and imaging studies have reported a variety of brain abnormalities, including abnormal cerebral asymmetries and ventricular and brain size, as well as abnormalities in posterior fossa, brain stem, and limbic system structures. Despite general agreement that autism is a neurobiologic disorder, there is still no consensus about which neuroanatomic or neurophysiologic abnormalities, detectable through neuroimaging, are characteristic of this disorder. C1 UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. UNIV IOWA, MENTAL HLTH CLIN RES CTR, IOWA CITY, IA USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P65 ANDERSON M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01834.x Andreasen NC, 1996, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V8, P139 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1763, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.22.1763 ANDREASEN NC, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P130 Andreasen NC, 1996, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V20, P98, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199601000-00018 ANDREASEN NC, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P294, DOI 10.1126/science.7939669 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 ARNDT S, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P79 Bachevalier J., 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P146 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BAKER P, UNPUB AUTISM TUBEROU BALOTTIN U, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02212722 BARKOVICH AJ, 1988, AM J NEURORADIOL, V9, P493 BATESON W, 1928, W BATESON FRS NATURA Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BERTHIER ML, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021 Berthier M L, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P197 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 CASTELLANOS FX, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1791 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 CHUI HC, 1980, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V43, P873 CHIRON C, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P849 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ACTA NEUROBIOL EXP, V54, P151 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 CREASEY H, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P669 CROME L, 1972, PATHOLOGY MENTAL RET, P152 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAMASIO H, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P504 DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DELONG GR, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P191 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 FILIPEK PA, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V6, P301 Filipek PA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF02172014 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 FRISTON KJ, 1995, CLIN NEUROSCI, V3, P89 FURSTER JM, 1989, PREFRONTAL CORTEX AN, P78 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAFFNEY GR, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P534, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00011 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P831, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 GEORGE MS, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 Gillberg IC, 1993, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V2, P50 GILLBERG IC, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P920 GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 GREENSTEIN MS, 1994, P 44 ANN M AM SOC HU HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 HASHIMOTO T, 1992, ACTA PAEDIATR, V81, P1030, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12169.x HASHIMOTO T, 1992, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P149 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HASHIMOTO T, 1991, Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine, V38, P15 HASHIMOTO T, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P94 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 HAXBY JV, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V29, P539, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90009-W HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HOFFMANN W L, 1982, Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, V4, P27, DOI 10.1080/01688638208401114 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P252 HORWITZ B, 1990, POSITRON EMISSION TO, P13 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P33 HSU M, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1160 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 HYND GW, 1989, PSYCHOL BULL, V106, P447, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.106.3.447 HYND GW, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P339 INNOCETI GM, 1974, EXP BRAIN RES, V19, P447 INSEL TR, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P739 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 Lassonde M, 1986, 2 HEMISPHERES ONE BR, P385 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEMAY M, 1978, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V2, P471 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x Mesulam M. M, 1985, PRINCIPLES BEHAV NEU, P1 MESULAM MM, 1983, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V6, P384, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90171-6 MINSHEW NJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P762, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90017-8 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MORRIS RG, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V31, P1367, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(93)90104-8 MOUNTZ JM, 1995, J NUCL MED, V36, P1156 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P22 Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 PETERSON B, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P941 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00019 PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 PIVEN J, UNPUB MRI STUDY CORP PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P825, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80023-1 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 PIVEN J, IN PRESS AM J PSYCHI PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 PIVEN J, IN PRESS MRI STUDY A PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 PRIOR MR, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF00917609 Rauch RA, 1996, AM J NEURORADIOL, V17, P27 REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF02211823 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 Schapiro MB, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P480, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600603 SCHIFTER T, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P155 SCHULTZ RT, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V35, P732, DOI 10.1002/ana.410350615 SHAYWITZ BA, 1995, NATURE, V373, P607, DOI 10.1038/373607a0 SHERMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P439, DOI 10.1007/BF02409835 SIEGEL BV, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P406 SINGER HS, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P950 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 STEG JP, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01540677 Steingard RJ, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P307, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199603000-00011 TSAI LY, 1983, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V18, P317 VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WALKER HA, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01537727 WEINTRAUB S, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P463 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P924 NR 135 TC 9 Z9 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1056-4993 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 305 EP + PG 0 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WX109 UT WOS:A1997WX10900006 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, KT Harris, RJ AF Ciesielski, KT Harris, RJ TI Factors related to performance failure on executive tasks in autism SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRONTAL LOBES; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PARIETAL; NETWORKS; DEFICITS AB Persons with autism may have particular difficulty on tasks that require a great degree of interplay and plasticity of inhibitory and switching processes, such as new tasks with poorly defined rules. We chose five executive function tests with varying degrees of rule constraint to assess the flexibility of selective inhibition/switching abilities in subjects with autism. Nineteen high-functioning (IQ > 85) subjects with autism and 16 controls of average psychometric intelligence were matched for age and socioeconomic status (SES). The results showed that (a) the level of performance of subjects with autism was significantly lower than that of controls on all executive tasks and was characterized by perseverative 'stuck-in-set' errors; (b) the error rates (in particular, perseverative ones) increased on tasks with lower rule constraints for the subjects with autism but not for control subjects; and (c) the level of performance on executive tasks appeared generally independent of psychometric intelligence level. Our data suggest that the failure of executive functioning in autistic subjects may be attributed primarily to a deficit in disengagement. Poor governing of selective inhibition resources is evidenced in escalating perseverative behaviors for subjects with autism on tasks with a low degree of rule constraint. RP Ciesielski, KT (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLIN NEUROSCI LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Army Individual Test Battery, 1944, MAN DIR SCOR Berg EA, 1948, J GEN PSYCHOL, V39, P15 BERGER HJC, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF01046224 Boring E. G., 1930, AM J PSYCHOL, V42, P444, DOI DOI 10.2307/1415447 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V75, P207, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90174-I CIESIELSKI KT, 1989, UNPUB LURIAS SIMULTA CIESIELSKI KT, IN PRESS NEUROPSYCHO CIESIELSKI KT, 1993, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V1, P183 CIESIELSKI KT, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P225, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)00094-6 CIESIELSKI MT, 1990, UNPUB AMBIGUOUS FIGU DELLAROCCHETTA AI, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V31, P503 DIAMOND A, 1991, FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION, P339 GILBERT E, 1984, MIND BRAIN PRINCIPLE, P187 Gombrich Ernst, 1973, ILLUSION NATURE ART GRANT DA, 1948, J EXP PSYCHOL, V38, P404, DOI 10.1037/h0059831 Halstead WC, 1947, BRAIN INTELLIGENCE HARRIS RJ, 1994, NOVA ANAL VARIANCE P Heaton RK, 1981, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Jastrow Joseph, 1900, FACT FABLE PSYCHOL KNIGHTS RM, 1966, RES B U W ONTARIO, V20 Konorski J., 1964, FRONTAL GRANULAR COR, P271 LEZAK MD, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A LINDSAY PH, 1977, HUMAN INFORMATION PR LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 Luria A. R., 1973, THE WORKING BRAIN LURIA AR, 1967, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V5, P105, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(67)90012-7 MCCLELLAND JL, 1986, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED, V1, P4 MENNEMEIER MS, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P703, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90030-2 MESULAM MM, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P597, DOI 10.1002/ana.410280502 MINSHEW NJ, 1989, SOC MAGN RES MED MINSHEW NJ, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P65 MISHKIN M, 1984, FRONTAL GRANULAR COR, P219 Ornitz E. M., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P174 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PENDLETON MG, 1982, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V38, P392, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198204)38:2<392::AID-JCLP2270380232>3.0.CO;2-W POSNER MI, 1984, J NEUROSCI, V4, P1863 POSNER MI, 1994, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V17, P75, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(94)90078-7 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 REITAN R. M., 1958, PERCEPT MOT SKILLS, V8, P271 Reitan RM, 1974, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY RUBIN E, 1984, MIND BRAIN PRINCIPLE RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x SCHOPLER E, 1971, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V24, P415 STUSS DT, 1983, LOCALIZATION NEUROPS, P429 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TEUBER HL, 1967, CENTR NERV SYST CIBA Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x ZANGWILL OL, 1966, INT J NEUROL, V5, P369 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-7049 J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL JI Child Neuropsychol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1080/09297049708401364 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XE553 UT WOS:A1997XE55300001 ER PT J AU Courchesne, E AF Courchesne, E TI Brainstem, cerebellar and limbic neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CELL COUNTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HYPOPLASIA; ACTIVATION; ATTENTION; HIPPOCAMPUS; IMPAIRMENT; PATTERNS AB Recent autopsy and/or quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies of autistic patients have identified agenesis of the superior olive, dysgenesis of the facial nucleus, reduced numbers of Purkinje neurons, hypoplasia of the brainstem and posterior cerebellum, and increased neuron-packing density of the medial, cortical and central nuclei of the amygdala and the medial septum. As neurogenesis occurs for these different neuron types during approximately the fifth week of gestation, the possibility is raised that this may be a 'window of vulnerability' for autism; the likely etiologic heterogeneity of autism suggests that other windows of vulnerability are also possible. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,LAB RES NEUROSCI AUTISM,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Courchesne, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093, USA. CR ADOLPHS R, 1994, NATURE, V372, P669, DOI 10.1038/372669a0 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1997, IN PRESS CEREBELLUM Allen G, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1940, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1940 Amaral D. G., 1987, HDB PHYSL NERVOUS SY, VV, P211 ANDERSON B, 1994, BRAIN RES, V641, P160, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91831-7 AYLWARD EH, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1448 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T Barinaga M, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P482, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.482 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BAYER SA, 1993, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V14, P83 BERSTON GG, 1980, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V94, P706 BUSATTO GF, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P463 Ciesielski K.T., 1990, P 5 INT CHILD NEUR C, P650 COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P335 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 COURCHESNE E, 1997, IN PRESS LEARN MEM Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P697, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004740 COURCHESNE E, 1997, ENCY SCI TECHNOLOG S, P57 COURCHESNE E, 1994, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, P195 COURCHESNE E, 1994, LANCET, V343, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90923-7 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1995, INT PEDIAT, V10, P141 COURCHESNE E, 1995, INT PEDIAT, V10, P155 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P317 ELLERMAN JM, 1994, NMR BIOMED, V7, P63, DOI 10.1002/nbm.1940070110 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 Gao JH, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P545, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.545 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HO KC, 1980, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V104, P635 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 KIM SG, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P949, DOI 10.1126/science.8052851 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 Klingberg T, 1996, EUR J NEUROSCI, V8, P1965, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01340.x LE TH, 1997, IN PRESS J NEUROPHYS MINSHEW NJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P762, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90017-8 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NASRALLAH HA, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P567, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90092-Z PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 RAICHLE ME, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P8, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 Raymond GV, 1996, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V91, P117 RAZ N, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P412 RAZ N, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P356 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P95, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340117 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 SCHMAHMANN JD, IN PRESS CEREBELLUM SCHNEIDER GE, 1979, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V17, P557, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(79)90033-2 SQUIRE LR, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P1380, DOI 10.1126/science.1896849 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 Fehlow P, 1993, Padiatr Grenzgeb, V31, P259 WATSON PJ, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P944, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.85.5.944 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 Young AW, 1996, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V34, P31, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00062-3 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 ZOLAMORGAN S, 1986, J NEUROSCI, V6, P2950 NR 67 TC 229 Z9 232 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0959-4388 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WZ215 UT WOS:A1997WZ21500016 PM 9142760 ER PT J AU Naudin, J Henry, JM MaurelRaymondet, M Azorin, JM AF Naudin, J Henry, JM MaurelRaymondet, M Azorin, JM TI How may we explore the ''theory of mind'' with schizophrenics? Pulsional intentionality and development. SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE LA French DT Article DE theory of the spirit; common sense; schizophrenia; intentionality; drive; affects; development ID KNOWLEDGE AB The critique of a recent article by Frith and Corcoran allows us to raise the question of the paradigm of the theory of mind in the understanding of autism and schizophrenia. This paradigm can also be found, outside of all modular theories of mind, amidst phenomenological psychiatrists who describe ''disorders of common sense'' in schizophrenia. In clinical terms the exploration of the theory of mind in schizophrenics cannot be limited to epistemic states. The discretion of schizophrenic syndromes, particularly the possible identification of a syndrome of pure passivity, outside of all paranoid or incoherent elements, raises the question of the axioms pertaining to the theories of mind, among these axioms obviously one must come to terms with those which suppose an epistemic or cognitive relationship with emotional or carnal desire, intentionality as directed towards worldly objects is not comparable to that directed towards objects that have an intentional structure, i.e, other persons. The authors attempt to link these questions to the prejudices of: (a) the mentalist conception of intentionality based on a description of the physical world states; (b) the modular conception of mind based on the principle of identity; (c) a conception based on representation. The authors insist both on identity and dualism that the husserlian notion of intentionality presupposes. The idea of movement of signification and the intimate living flux of consciousness (pulsional intentionality) render explicit is in effect essential to account for the progressive modification of mental states by themselves, this only fan explicate clinical phenomena like hallucinations. This possibility of modification is finally linked to a narrative conception of mental phenomena thus raising the question of development. C1 CHU TIMONE,PSYCHIAT CLIN,F-13005 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. RP Naudin, J (reprint author), CHU STE MARGUERITE,SERV PR AZORIN,PSYCHIAT SERV,270 BLVD STE MARGUERITE,F-13009 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. CR Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BLANKENBURG W, 1989, PERTE EVIDENCE NATUR BOWLBY J, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1 CUTTING J, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V157, P355, DOI 10.1192/bjp.157.3.355 DAMASIO, 1994, ERREUR DESCARTES RAI DENNETT D, 1990, STRATEGIE INTERPRETE DENNETT DC, 1994, CONSCIENCE EXPLIQUEE FRANCK D, 1980, CHAIR CORPS FRITH CD, 1996, PSYCHOL NEUROCOGNITI Frith CD, 1996, PSYCHOL MED, V26, P521 Good David, 1990, COMPUTERS CONVERSATI, P133 KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1994, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V17, P693 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 NAGEL T, 1980, READINGS PHILOS PSYC, P159 NAUDIN J, 1997, VOIX CHOSE PHENOMENO PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Schank R. C., 1991, TELL ME STORY NEW LO STRAUS, 1989, SENS SENS Tatossian A., 1979, PHENOMENOLOGIE PSYCH WIGGINS O, 1994, PHILOS PERSPECTIVES, V4 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 PU DUNOD PI MONTROUGE CEDEX PA 15 RUE GOSSIN, 92543 MONTROUGE CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0014-3855 J9 EVOL PSYCHIATR JI Evol. Psychiatr. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 2 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XC300 UT WOS:A1997XC30000006 ER PT J AU Koyasu, M Kinoshita, T AF Koyasu, M Kinoshita, T TI Review of the research on ''theory of mind'' SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA Japanese DT Review DE theory of mind; false belief; modularity theory; simulation theory; intersubjectivity ID APPEARANCE-REALITY DISTINCTION; FALSE BELIEF; AUTISTIC-CHILD; REPRESENTATION; PRESCHOOLERS; KNOWLEDGE; CAPACITY; DEFICIT AB The concept ''theory of mind'', first proposed by Premack and Woodruff (1978), has drastically changed our view of the mind. In the first half of this paper, the concept's history and recent developments were reviewed. Included were studies of non-human primates, normal children, and autistic children, in addition to some philosophical discussions. The ''false belief'' paradigm has been successful in understanding children older than 4 years and in characterizing children with high-functioning autism. But with the paradigm alone, it is difficult to explain the ''mind'' of most non-human primates, younger children, and a large part of autistic children. In the second half, a theoretical discussion was made to understand early developments of mind. The theory theory and competing theories of modularity, simulation, and intersubjectivity were compared concerning the observability of mind (of self and others), the basic mechanism for understanding the mind, the indispensability of theorizing the mind, and the need for metarepresentation in pretend plays. C1 SHIZUOKA UNIV, FAC EDUC, DEPT SCH EDUC, SHIZUOKA 422, JAPAN. RP Koyasu, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV, FAC EDUC, DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL, SAKYO KU, YOSHIDA HONMACHI, KYOTO 60601, JAPAN. CR Astington J. W., 1993, CHILDS DISCOVERY MIN Astington JW, 1996, THEORIES THEORIES MI, P184 Baron-Cohen S., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P233 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, ROLE JOINT ATTENTION, P41 BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P223 Butterworth G. E., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P115 BYRNE R, 1995, THIKING APE Davies M., 1995, MENTAL SIMULATION Davies Martin, 1995, FOLK PSYCHOL Dennett D, 1987, INTENTIONAL STANCE DENNETT DC, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P564 DENNETT DC, 1983, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V6, P343 Dunn J., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P51 FEINMAN S, 1982, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V28, P445 FLAVELL JH, 1983, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V15, P95, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(83)90005-1 Flavell JH, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P244 FODOR JA, 1992, COGNITION, V44, P283, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90004-2 Gomez J. C., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P195 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 Gordon R., 1986, MIND LANG, V1, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1986.tb00324.x Happe F., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P177 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL Harris P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P228 Harris P., 1992, MIND LANG, V7, P120, DOI DOI 10.11II/J.1468-0017.1992.TB00201.X Harris P. L., 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C Harris P. L., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P235 Harris P. L., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P283 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P33 HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 JOHNSON CN, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P47 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leslie A. M., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P63 Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 LIGHT P, 1993, CHILD PSYCHOL INTRO, P191 MOORE C, 1994, DEV REV, V14, P349, DOI 10.1006/drev.1994.1014 Moore C, 1996, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P19 NAITO M, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P403 NAKANO S, 1993, EARLY DEV PARENTING, V2 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x Perner J, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P261 Perner J., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P141 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner J., 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P271 PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P112 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Piaget J, 1962, PLAY DREAMS IMITATIO Povinelli D., 1996, THEORIES THEORIES MI, P293 PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 Premack David, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P160 RAVER CC, 1993, HUM DEV, V36, P350 Reddy V., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN, P143 SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 SULLIVAN K, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P395, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.30.3.395 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND Whiten A, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P1 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPAN PSYCHOL ASSOC PI TOKYO PA 2-40-14-902 HONGO BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0021-5236 J9 JPN J PSYCHOL JI Jpn. J. Psychol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 PG 17 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XA729 UT WOS:A1997XA72900008 ER PT J AU Thomson, RPM AF Thomson, RPM TI Adults with autism: A guide to theory and practice - Morgan,H SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Book Review CR MORGAN H, 1996, ADULTS AUTISM GUIDE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA WQ165 UT WOS:A1997WQ16500049 ER PT J AU VanBourgondien, ME Reichle, NC Palmer, A AF VanBourgondien, ME Reichle, NC Palmer, A TI Sexual behavior in adults with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AWARENESS; VIEWPOINTS; EDUCATION; CHILDREN; YOUTH AB A survey of the sexual behavior of 89 adults with autism living in group homes in North Carolina found that the majority of individuals were engaging in some form of sexual behavior Masturbation was the most common sexual behavior However person-oriented sexual behaviors with obvious signs of arousal were also present in one third of the sample. The relationship between sexual behavior and demographic variables and other types of behaviors is explored. Information regarding group home sexuality policies and procedures are described. RP VanBourgondien, ME (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV TEACCH,CB 7180,MED SCH WING E,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR Aman M., 1986, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT ELGAR S, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P214 HARACOPOS D, 1992, UNPUB SEXUALITY AUTI Mesibov G. B., 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A, P37 MONEY J, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P217 OUSLEY OY, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471, DOI 10.1007/BF02206871 RUBLE LA, 1993, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V22, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01541768 TORISKY D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P213 NR 10 TC 28 Z9 29 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1023/A:1025883622452 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500002 PM 9105963 ER PT J AU Reinecke, DR Newman, B Kurtz, AL Ryan, CS Hemmes, NS AF Reinecke, DR Newman, B Kurtz, AL Ryan, CS Hemmes, NS TI Teaching deception skills in a game-play context to three adolescents with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID RETARDED-ADULTS AB Baron-Cohen (1992) found that students with autism are impaired in their ability to deceive. A multiple-baseline across-subjects design was conceptualized to test the hypothesis that such students could be taught to deceive. Two conditions were presented in baseline and treatment phases. In Condition 1, the student guessed in which hand a small object was hidden when the experimenter presented two closed fists. In Condition 2 the student hid the object and presented two closed fists to the experimenter for a guess. Reinforcement was delivered contingently upon independent guessing during Condition 1 in both baseline and treatment phases. Under Condition 2, reinforcement was delivered noncontingently during the baseline phase and contingently upon successive approximations to the target behavior of deception during the treatment phase. All students displayed the acquisition of at least three of the responses included in the deception response during the baseline phase, and two students showed an erratic acquisition of the total skill during the baseline phase. Results indicate that students with autism can learn to deceive, even without formal intensive training. C1 CUNY,GRAD CTR,NEW YORK,NY. RP Reinecke, DR (reprint author), QUEENS COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,FLUSHING,NY 11693, USA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x FOXX RM, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P157, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-157 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 SINGH NN, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P23, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-23 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1023/A:1025835706522 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500003 PM 9105964 ER PT J AU Barthelemy, C Roux, S Adrien, JL Hameury, L Guerin, P Garreau, B Fermanian, J Lelord, G AF Barthelemy, C Roux, S Adrien, JL Hameury, L Guerin, P Garreau, B Fermanian, J Lelord, G TI Validation of the revised behavior summarized evaluation scale SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; FAMILY HOME MOVIES; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; EMOTION; RELIABILITY; CONCORDANCE; IMITATION; OBSERVERS AB The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation scab (BSE), previously published and validated, was developed for the evaluation of the autistic behavior in developmentally disordered children. A revised version of this scale, the Revised Behavior Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R) completed the 20-item BSE scale with the most relevant items extracted from a similar evaluation carried out with very young children. Thus 9 items were added to the original scale concerning nonverbal communication, emotional and perception areas. This paper reports the reliability and validity studies of this new scale. In addition to confirming the previously published findings concerning the first version of the BSE, new items were extracted from the BSE-R content validity study They involve fundamental functions such as intention and imitation which open new perspectives for a physiopathological approach to developmental disorders. The BSE-R is a useful tool for progressive recording of the evolution of patients both treated over long periods and included in short-term controlled therapeutic studies. RP Barthelemy, C (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,LAB NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,INSERM U316,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF02179287 ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 ADRIEN JL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01048241 ADRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02206996 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01046400 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V31, P271 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCHOL 1 ENFANC CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V32, P408 FERMANIAN J, 1984, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V32, P140 FOMBONNE E, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P677, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00343.x FREEMAN BJ, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P576, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61012-8 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P17 HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HANLEY JA, 1982, RADIOLOGY, V143, P29 HOBSON RP, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P911 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEDDET I, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF01531731 Lelord G., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P335 MALVY J, 1992, ANAL FONCTIONNELLE D Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 NADEL J, 1992, IMITATION IDENTIFICA, P79 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V1, P283 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SAUVAGE D, 1988, ANN PSYCHIAT, V4, P418 SAUVAGE D, 1984, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 TANGUAY P, 1987, COMMUNICATION TREVARTHEN C, 1989, AUTISME ENFANT, P47 WING L, 1987, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1025887723360 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500004 PM 9105965 ER PT J AU Nagamitsu, S Matsuishi, T Kisa, T Komori, H Miyazaki, M Hashimoto, T Yamashita, Y Ohtaki, E Kato, H AF Nagamitsu, S Matsuishi, T Kisa, T Komori, H Miyazaki, M Hashimoto, T Yamashita, Y Ohtaki, E Kato, H TI CSF beta-endorphin levels in patients with infantile autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RETT SYNDROME; NALTREXONE; CORTISOL; CHILDREN; SYSTEMS AB We measured CSF levels of beta-endorphin, an opioid hormone in 19 patients with infantile autism and in 3 patients with Rett syndrome, and compared them with control values. In infantile autism, CSF levels of beta-endorphin did not differ significantly from those of age-matched controls. There was no significant correlation between CSF levels and clinical symptoms, including self-injurious behavior pain insensitivity, and stereotyped movement. However, CSF levels; of beta-endorphin were significantly higher in the patients with syndrome than in the control (p < .05). Data suggest that neurons containing beta-endorphin may not be involved in patients with infantile autism. Thus, there is no relationship between dysfunction of brain opioid and autism. C1 NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,DEPT CLIN PSYCHOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,COUNSELING SERV,TOKYO,JAPAN. SHIMANE CENT HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,IZUMO,SHIMANE,JAPAN. SOCIAL HLTH INSURANCE SAGA HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,SAGA,JAPAN. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. RP Nagamitsu, S (reprint author), KURUME UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,67 ASAHI MACHI,KURUME,FUKUOKA 830,JAPAN. CR AGID Y, 1985, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V8, P30, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(85)90012-8 *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P38 BARRECA T, 1986, LIFE SCI, V38, P2263, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90579-5 BLACK SL, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P236, DOI 10.1007/BF02172101 BLOOM F, 1976, SCIENCE, V194, P630, DOI 10.1126/science.185694 DOMSCHKE W, 1979, LANCET, V1, P1024 ECHENNE B, 1991, J CHILD NEUROL, V6, P257 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GILLBERG C, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P88 GJERRIS A, 1988, ACTA NEUROCHIR, V91, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01400529 HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HANLEY HG, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P44 KHACHATURIAN H, 1985, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V8, P111, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(85)90048-7 KJAER A, 1992, NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, V56, P419 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P715 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 MATSUISHI T, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V35, P441 MCQUEEN DS, 1983, BRIT MED BULL, V39, P77 MYER EC, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P357 Nagamitsu Shinichiro, 1993, Kurume Medical Journal, V40, P233 Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P357 Panksepp J, 1985, PSYCHOBIOLOGY ATTACH Panksepp J., 1981, THEORY PSYCHOPHARMAC, V1 PERCY AK, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, P65 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 TSURNORI M, 1965, CHILDHOOD DEV EVALUA, P1 WINSBERG BG, 1980, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V11, P250, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071393 YAMAMOTO Y, 1983, REGUL PEPTIDES, V6, P163, DOI 10.1016/0167-0115(83)90009-5 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1023/A:1025839807431 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500005 PM 9105966 ER PT J AU Boutin, P Maziade, M Merette, C Mondor, M Bedard, C Thivierge, J AF Boutin, P Maziade, M Merette, C Mondor, M Bedard, C Thivierge, J TI Family history of cognitive disabilities in first-degree relatives of autistic and mentally retarded children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; BLOOD SEROTONIN; DISORDERS; SIBLINGS; AGGREGATION; DIAGNOSIS; PROBANDS; PARENTS AB We compared with a family history method the rate of cognitive disabilities (CD) in 156 first-degree relatives of 49 autistic (AU) probands to that found in 55 first-degree relatives of 18 mentally retarded (MR) probands. Broadly defined CD were found in, respectively, 17 and 16% of the relatives of the AU and MR probands. However the characteristics of the probands associated with a family history of Co are different in AU and MR: Female and low IQ AU probands have more first-degree relatives with CD. Our findings suggest that a positive family history of CD is not specific to autism when compared to mental retardation. The observation that female and low IQ probands have higher family history of CD may suggest heterogeneity within autistic children and provides leads for future family studies. RP Boutin, P (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,CTR RECH,2601 CHEMIN CANARDIERE,BEAUPORT,PQ G1J 2G3,CANADA. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF02212938 Anderson G. M., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P166 ANDREASEN NC, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1229 ANDREASEN NC, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P421 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x DEBRAEKELEER M, 1995, ANN GENETIQUE DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 JORDE LB, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V36, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320360116 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, 1 WORLD C PSYCH GEN LEVENTHAL BL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P499, DOI 10.1007/BF02216055 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 ORVASCHEL H, 1982, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V4, P49, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(82)90019-2 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02284724 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE *STAT CAN, 1991, REC 1991 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 THOMPSON WD, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P53 TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 TSAI LY, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P373, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.4.373 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1025891824269 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500006 PM 9105967 ER PT J AU RosenthalMalek, A Mitchell, S AF RosenthalMalek, A Mitchell, S TI Brief report: The effects of exercise on the self-stimulatory behaviors and positive responding of adolescents with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID ANTECEDENT EXERCISE; PHYSICAL EXERCISE; AEROBIC EXERCISE; ADULTS C1 NEW YORK CITY SCH,NEW YORK,NY. RP RosenthalMalek, A (reprint author), MONMOUTH UNIV,DEPT EDUC,LONG BEACH,NJ 07764, USA. CR ALLISON DB, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P89, DOI 10.1007/BF02207001 BACHMAN JE, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P73, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90021-2 BACHMAN JE, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-477 BASS CK, 1985, J LEARN DISABIL, V18, P160 BAUMEISTER AA, 1984, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V5, P385, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(84)80059-4 BEASLEY CR, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P609 ELLIOTT RO, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF02172138 GABLERHALLE D, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P359, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90009-9 JANSMA P, 1987, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V22, P268 KERN L, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01538327 KERN L, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF02408555 LOVAAS I, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-45 MCKIMSEY JF, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P167 Morrissey P. A., 1992, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V7, P373, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360070505 Powers S., 1992, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V7, P15, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360070103 SUGAI G, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01531711 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P367 WATTERS RG, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02414814 WHITAKER S, 1994, BEHAV COGN PSYCHOTH, V22, P99 Yell M. L., 1988, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V13, P273 NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1023/A:1025848009248 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500009 PM 9105970 ER PT J AU Bondy, AS AF Bondy, AS TI Communication unbound: How facilitated communication is challenging traditional views of autism and ability/disability - Biklen,D SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review CR Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1023/A:1025852110156 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500012 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, L Fein, D AF Waterhouse, L Fein, D TI Genes tPA, Fyn, and FAK in autism? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; CEREBELLUM C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT 06269. CR BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02178164 GILLBERG C, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P201 GRANT SGN, 1992, SCIENCE, V258, P1903, DOI 10.1126/science.1361685 GRANT SGN, 1995, GENE DEV, V9, P190 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 OLIVE S, 1995, J NEUROCHEM, V65, P2307 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P17 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 Simonoff E, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P259, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01404.x TSIRKA SE, 1995, NATURE, V377, P340, DOI 10.1038/377340a0 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500015 PM 9105973 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, R AF Kobayashi, R TI Brief report: Physiognomic perception in autism (vol 26, pg 661, 1996) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Correction, Addition CR Kobayashi R, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P661, DOI 10.1007/BF02172355 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WT365 UT WOS:A1997WT36500017 ER PT J AU Parker, AL AF Parker, AL TI Parents' survival manual: A guide to crisis resolution in autism and related developmental disorders - Schopler,E SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review RP Parker, AL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DIV BEHAV & DEV PEDIAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. CR SCHOPLER E, 1995, PARENTS SURVIVAL MAN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA WV151 UT WOS:A1997WV15100012 ER PT J AU Palmour, RM AF Palmour, RM TI Genetic studies of specific language impairment SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS LA English DT Article ID FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; READING-DISABILITY; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; MRI FINDINGS; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; SPEECH; PROFILES; DEFICITS; TWINS AB Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a form of developmental dysphasia which reportedly aggregates in Families. This report: (1) reviews classical and recent evidence which strongly supports the hypothesis that heritable factors are, at least in part, responsible for familial aggregation of SLI; (2) presents preliminary clinical and phenotypic data from one cohort set appropriate for linkage analysis; and (3) discusses these findings within the context of recent progress in the field of human behavioral (and especially psychiatric) genetics. Our preliminary data confirm familial clustering of SLI; 55.8% of 95 probands had at least one affected 1 degrees or 2 degrees relative, and 21 families met stringent criteria for multigenerational impairment. These multigenerational kindreds, as well as several additional sets of sibling pairs, are suitable for planned linkage analysis of this trait. There was a trend toward cosegregation of putative phenotypic subtypes within kindreds. However, many cases fell near the boundary of the usual exclusionary criteria, and displayed borderline IQ, borderline auditory acuity or symptoms of attentional disorder or autism insufficient to meet diagnostic criteria. The possibility that one or more of these phenotypic subtypes will be useful for future linkage analysis remains to be evaluated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MCGILL UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT HUMAN GENET & BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 1A1,CANADA. RP Palmour, RM (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1033 PINE AVE W,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 1A1,CANADA. CR BAKWIN H, 1974, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P184 BARBEAU D, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P2785, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2785 BEITCHMAN JH, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P98 BEITCHMAN JH, 1992, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V37, P151 Benjamin J, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P81, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-81 Benson D. F., 1985, PRINCIPLES BEHAVIORA, P193 BISHOP DVM, 1986, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V21, P321 BISHOP DVM, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P56 BISHOP DVM, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P105, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0134 BORGESOSORIO MRL, 1985, ACTA GENET MED GEMEL, V34, P95 BYRNE BM, 1974, BEHAV GENET, V4, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01066154 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 DECKER SN, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P217 DEFRIES JC, 1987, NATURE, V329, P537, DOI 10.1038/329537a0 Ebstein RP, 1996, NAT GENET, V12, P78, DOI 10.1038/ng0196-78 Gallagher TM, 1997, J NEUROLINGUIST, V10, P187, DOI 10.1016/S0911-6044(97)00005-5 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P428 Gilger J W, 1992, Clin Commun Disord, V2, P35 GOPNIK M, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90058-C Gopnik M, 1997, J NEUROLINGUIST, V10, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0911-6044(97)00003-1 GOPNIK M, 1990, NATURE, V344, P715, DOI 10.1038/344715a0 GOPNIK M, 1994, J NEUROLINGUIST, V8, P109, DOI 10.1016/0911-6044(94)90020-5 Grigorenko EL, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P27 KORKMAN M, 1994, BRAIN LANG, V47, P96, DOI 10.1006/brln.1994.1044 HALL JG, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V326, P827, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199203193261210 HIER D, 1980, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V1, P54 Hurst J., 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P347 INGRAM TTS, 1959, BRAIN, V82, P450, DOI 10.1093/brain/82.3.450 Kabani NJ, 1997, J NEUROLINGUIST, V10, P203, DOI 10.1016/S0911-6044(97)00009-2 Kehayia E, 1997, J NEUROLINGUIST, V10, P139, DOI 10.1016/S0911-6044(97)00004-3 Koch H. L., 1966, TWINS TWIN RELATIONS LEONARD LB, 1989, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V10, P179, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400008511 LEWIS BA, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P586 LEWIS BA, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P1086 LEWIS BA, 1993, BEHAV GENET, V25, P291 LOCKE JL, 1992, PEDIATR NEUROL, V8, P245, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90359-7 MAHER PL, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P303 Matheny A P Jr, 1973, Folia Phoniatr (Basel), V25, P442 MITTLER P, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02078.x MUNSINGER H, 1976, CHILD DEV, V47, P40 NEILS J, 1986, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V63, P655 OETTING JB, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1236 PLANTE E, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V41, P67, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90111-D PLANTE E, 1989, BRAIN LANG, V37, P643, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90117-X Plante E, 1994, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V25, P15 PLANTE E, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V41, P52, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90110-M Rice M., 1996, GENETICS LANGUAGE, P317 RICE ML, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P850 RICE ML, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1249 RISPENS J, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P434 Samples J M, 1985, ASHA, V27, P27 STROMSWOLD K, 1996, P 20 ANN BOST U C LA, V2, P736 TALLAL P, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P167 TALLAL P, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V41, P81, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90112-E Tomblin J. B., 1994, SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IM TOMBLIN JB, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P287 Tomblin J. B., 1996, GENETICS LANGUAGE, P191 TOMBLIN JB, IN PRESS TOMBLIN JB, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P832 TUOMI S, 1977, SPECIAL ED CANADA, V51, P5 VARGHAKHADEM F, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P930, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.3.930 WHITEHURST GJ, 1991, TOP LANG DISORD, V11, P55 WHITEHURST GJ, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1550 NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0911-6044 J9 J NEUROLINGUIST JI J. Neurolinguist. PD APR-JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0911-6044(97)00008-0 PG 16 WC Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA XP997 UT WOS:A1997XP99700010 ER PT J AU Valik, D Miner, PT Jones, JD AF Valik, D Miner, PT Jones, JD TI First US case of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency with severe hypotonia SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th SSIEM Annual Symposium CY SEP 11-13, 1996 CL CARDIFF, WALES SP SSIEM ID PURINES AB Addenylosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency is a defect in purine de novo synthesis pathway, The disease has variable clinical presentation involving psychomotor retardation, seizures, hypotonia, and autism. The presence of succinyladenosine and succinylamino-imidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICA riboside) in body fluids characterizes the biochemical phenotype. All cases of ASL deficiency described to date have been diagnosed in Europe, Using a high-resolution thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique combining screening for ASL deficiency and disorders of saccharide metabolism, me found the first case of this disease in the US. The patient presented with delayed motor development and profound hypotonia. The family history and routine laboratory tests were negative, Screening for metabolic disorders detected the presence of succinyladenosine and SAICA riboside in urine, The activity of ASL in the patient's skin fibroblasts was 43% of controls (patient, mean = 1.20 nmol/min/mg of protein, s = 0.21, n = 3; controls, mean = 2.75 nmol/min/mg of protein, s = 0.61, n = 7), In a 15-month-old girl with profound hypotonia, we established the diagnosis of ASL deficiency by demonstrating succinyladenosine and SAICA riboside in urine and decreased residual activity of ASL in skin fibroblasts. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. J GREGOR MENDEL CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,BRNO,CZECH REPUBLIC. MED CTR CENT GEORGIA,MACON,GA. MERCER UNIV,SCH MED,CHILDRENS HOSP,MACON,GA 31207. CR DEBREE PK, 1986, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V156, P279, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(86)90071-9 FON EA, 1993, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V64, P201, DOI 10.1159/000133575 JAEKEN J, 1989, LANCET, V1, P500 JAEKEN J, 1984, LANCET, V2, P1058 McKusick VA, ONLINE MENDELIAN INH ROESEL R A, 1986, American Journal of Human Genetics, V39, pA19 SEBESTA I, 1995, SCREENING, V4, P117, DOI 10.1016/0925-6164(95)00116-6 STONE RL, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P59, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-59 STONE RL, 1993, J BIOL CHEM, V268, P19710 VALIK D, 1995, PHARM WORLD SCI SK, V17 VANDENBERGHE G, 1995, INBORN METABOLIC DIS, P289 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(97)89979-1 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA XB938 UT WOS:A1997XB93800013 PM 9165520 ER PT J AU Tuchman, RF Rapin, I AF Tuchman, RF Rapin, I TI Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: Seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; autism; regression; seizures; electroencephalogram ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; CONVULSIVE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ACQUIRED APHASIA; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; SPEECH LOSS; CHILDREN; AGE; LANGUAGE; SYMPTOMS AB Background. Approximately one third of the parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders or autistic spectrum disorders reports an early regression of unknown cause in their children's language, sociability, and play. Seizures or an epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) are associated with language regression in acquired epileptic aphasia (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) and some other pediatric epileptic syndromes. The importance of epilepsy or epileptic EEGs as contributors to autistic regression is not known. Method. Subjects were 482 bays and 103 girls on the autistic spectrum seen consecutively in consultation by one child neurologist. Data on autistic regression, seizures, sleep EEGs, and cognitive function were entered prospectively into a data base. Results. Of the 585 children, 176 (30%) had a history of regression, and 66 children (11%) had a history of epilepsy, defined as two or more unprovoked seizures. Among 392 children with available sleep EEGs, the EEG was epileptiform in 59% of the 66 epileptic children and 8% of the 335 nonepileptic children. Regression had occurred equally among children without seizures and in those with epilepsy, Regression was associated with an epileptiform EEG in 14% of 155 nonepileptic children who had undergone a regression, as opposed to 6% of 364 children with neither regression nor epilepsy. Mean age at regression was 21 months. There was no difference in the proportion of children with epilepsy or epileptiform EEGs who had regressed before or after 2 years of age. Approximately half of the epileptiform discharges were centrotemporal, whether or not the child was epileptic or had regressed. Children with lower cognitive function were more likely to have undergone regression than those with better cognitive skills (34% vs 20%). Conclusion. Epilepsy or epileptiform EEGs occur in a significant minority of autistic children with a history of regression and in a smaller minority without regression. Prompt recognition of regression and recording of prolonged sleep EEGs is recommended, even though information on the potential efficacy of antiepileptic treatment to improve language and behavior in autistic children with epilepsy or an epileptiform EEG is still lacking. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, SAUL R KOREY DEPT NEUROL, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, ROSE F KENNEDY CTR RES MENTAL RETARDAT & HUMAN DE, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. RP Tuchman, RF (reprint author), MIAMI CHILDRENS HOSP, DEPT NEUROL, SOLOMON KLEIN PAVIL, 3200 SW 60 COURT, MIAMI, FL 33155 USA. CR AICARDI J, 1986, EPILEPSY CHILDREN, P176 AICARDI J, 1992, CURR OPIN NEUROL NEU, V5, P344 *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, PERV DEV DIS DIAGN S, P65 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Beaumanoir A., 1985, EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES, P181 BEAUMANOIR A, 1995, MARIANI FDN PAED NEU, P260 BISHOP DVM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P705 BURACK JA, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P607, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00894.x Commission on Classification, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V26, P268 DEONNA TW, 1991, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V8, P288, DOI 10.1097/00004691-199107010-00005 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1310 DUGAS M, 1991, NATO ADV SCI I D-BEH, V60, P263 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 HAYCOCK K, 1992, STATVIEW 4 02 Hirsch E, 1995, MARIANI F P, V3, P57 HOLMES GL, 1981, EPILEPSIA, V22, P631 Klein SK, 1995, BRAIN LANG, V51, P383, DOI 10.1006/brln.1995.1067 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 LERMAN P, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P257 MANTOVANI JF, 1980, NEUROLOGY, V30, P524 MARESCAUX C, 1990, EPILEPSIA, V31, P768, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05518.x Morrell F, 1995, BRAIN, V118, P1529, DOI 10.1093/brain/118.6.1529 NASS R, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P327 NIEDERMEYER E, 1987, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAP, P405 OLSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 RAPIN I, 1977, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V19, P192 Rapin I, 1995, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V2, P278, DOI 10.1016/S1071-9091(95)80007-7 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SMALLEY SL, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P125 STEFANATOS GA, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1107, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00022 TASSINARI A, 1995, CONTINUOUS SPIKES WA, P251 Tuchman R, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V6, P1219 TUCHMAN RF, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P95 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 VANDONGEN HR, 1991, NATO ADV SCI I D-BEH, V60, P253 VILLALOBOS R, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V40, P300 VOLKMAR FR, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1092, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00020 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, CHILD ADOLESC CLIN N, V3, P119 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 YAYLALI I, 1996, AM CLIN NEUR SOC ANN NR 45 TC 256 Z9 259 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WQ802 UT WOS:A1997WQ80200011 PM 9093299 ER PT J AU Hashino, K Iida, J Iwasaka, H Ito, N Sakiyama, S Kitera, K Matsumoto, H Tsujimoto, H Ikawa, G Kishimoto, T AF Hashino, K Iida, J Iwasaka, H Ito, N Sakiyama, S Kitera, K Matsumoto, H Tsujimoto, H Ikawa, G Kishimoto, T TI A study of cognitive development and behavior problems in mentally retarded children SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism; behavior problems; cognitive development; mental retardation; non-autism; sensorimotor period; symbolic function ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AB Cognitive development in seventy-one mentally retarded children (19 autistic, 52 non-autistic; aged 7-19 years) from a school for handicapped children was studied, using Ohta's scale for evaluating cognitive development level based on language comprehension (Ohta's stage), and other developmental scales. Behavior problems were also examined. The present study reports on the utility of Ohta's stage in non-autistic children, and the relationship between cognitive development level and behavior problems in mentally retarded children. In non-autistic children, there were temporal correlations between Ohta's stage and other development scales (a standard developmental test, speech development, symbolic play development, imitation development), suggesting that in non-autistic children as well, Ohta's stage may serve well as a scale for cognitive development, and reflect symbolic representational functioning. In non-autistic children, most behavior problems in feeding, elimination and sleeping, hyperkinesis, hypokinesis, stereotyped behaviors, self-injurious behavior and licking were closely associated with cognitive development level, and were more often noted in children of lower cognitive development level rather than only in the severely mentally retarded children. Some behavior problems may often occur in the sensorimotor period and hardly occur in the symbolic representational period. C1 NARA MED UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NARA,JAPAN. KIJINA HOSP,NARA,JAPAN. AKITSUKOUNOIKE HOSP,NARA,JAPAN. SOUBU HOSP,CHIBA,JAPAN. RP Hashino, K (reprint author), SHIMOICHI HOSP,622 ACHIGA,SHIMOICHI,NARA 638,JAPAN. CR BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 HASHINO K, 1995, J NARA MED ASS, V46, P423 HOSHINO Y, 1989, CLIN MED INFANTILE A IIDA J, 1993, PSYCHIAT NEUROLOGIA, V33, P43 Iwasaka H, 1995, J NARA MED, V46, P114 NAGAI Y, 1996, JPN J CLIN PSCYHIAT, V25, P669 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 OHTA M, 1992, NEW HORIZON TREATMEN OHTA M, 1988, COGNITIVE DEV THERAP, P80 Piaget J., 1969, PSYCHOL ENFANT RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YOSHIDA I, 1989, B FACULTY ED YAMAGUC, V39, P9 YOSHIMURA I, 1991, JPN J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V20, P1371 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02908.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WY072 UT WOS:A1997WY07200003 PM 9141142 ER PT J AU Kurita, H AF Kurita, H TI A comparative study of Asperger syndrome with high-functioning atypical autism SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; atypical autism; high-functioning autism ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; DISORDER; CARS AB To test the validity of Asperger syndrome (AS) as defined in ICD-10, 26 patients (age range, 3.5 to 12 years) with AS and 16 patients (age range, 3 to 11.5 years) with high-functioning (IQ > 90) ICD-10 atypical autism (HAA) were compared on 64 clinical variables including obstetric risk factors, early developmental landmarks, IQ, autistic symptoms on the CARS-TV, epileptic EEG abnormalities and epilepsy. AS did not differ significantly from HAA on all but total and four item scores (i.e. imitation, visual responsiveness, auditory responsiveness and non-verbal communication) on the CARS-TV, in which AS scored significantly lower than HAA. A discriminant function based on imitation and auditory responsiveness predicted 76.2% of the 42 cases. The small difference from HAA indicates chat AS is better to be regarded as the highest-functioning end of the PDD spectrum, rather than a valid subtype of PDD. However, the autistic symptom profile less distorted in AS than HAA may warrant a further study on its validity. RP Kurita, H (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC MED,DEPT MENTAL HLTH,BUNKYO KU,7-3-1 HONGO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BOWLER DM, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01214.x BOWMAN EP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V152, P377, DOI 10.1192/bjp.152.3.377 BURGOINE E, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P261, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.3.261 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P311, DOI 10.1007/BF02179292 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 KERBESHIAN J, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V156, P721, DOI 10.1192/bjp.156.5.721 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 KURITA H, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02212937 MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 MAYES L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF01066420 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SZATMARI P, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1662, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TAKAGI H, 1994, HIGH QUALITY ANAL LI VANKREVE.DA, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P82 van KREVELEN D, 1962, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V29, P22 VANKREVELEN DA, 1963, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V30, P303 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P191 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF01531788 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x World Health Organisation, 1990, INT CLASS DIS World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02909.x PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WY072 UT WOS:A1997WY07200004 PM 9141143 ER PT J AU Gray, DE AF Gray, DE TI High functioning autistic children and the construction of ''normal family life'' SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autism; family; disability AB This study examines the social construction of normal family life among the parents of children with high functioning autism or Asperger's syndrome. The meaning of the concept of normal family life is reviewed, and a constructionist perspective is employed to understand the parents' evaluations of their families. The results present a description of the factors used as evidence for or against family normality and the variations in such perceptions according to the gender of the parent and the child's autistic symptoms. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Gray, DE (reprint author), UNIV NEW ENGLAND,DEPT SOCIOL,ARMIDALE,NSW 2351,AUSTRALIA. CR Berger P, 1964, DIOGENES, V46, P1 Bernandes J., 1985, FAMILY EC MODERN SOC, P192 BRISTOL MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P469, DOI 10.1007/BF01486964 Bristol M. M., 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P289 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT Giddens A., 1987, SOCIAL THEORY MODERN Giddens A., 1991, MODERNITY SELF IDENT Goffman E., 1963, STIGMA Gubrium J., 1990, WHAT IS FAMILY GUBRIUM J, 1992, OUT CONTROL Holstein J., 1994, CONSTRUCTING SOCIAL, P232 GUBRIUM JF, 1993, J FAM ISSUES, V14, P66, DOI 10.1177/0192513X93014001006 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 MILLER G, 1987, SYMB INTERACT, V10, P245, DOI 10.1525/si.1987.10.2.245 MILLER G, 1991, J MARRIAGE FAM, V53, P609, DOI 10.2307/352737 Parsons T., 1971, READINGS SOCIOLOGY F, P53 SKOLNICK A, 1973, INTIMATE ENV SMITH DE, 1993, J FAM ISSUES, V14, P50, DOI 10.1177/0192513X93014001005 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.005 VOYSEY M, 1975, CONSTANT BURDEN WOLIN SJ, 1984, FAM PROCESS, V23, P401, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1984.00401.x NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD APR PY 1997 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1097 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00237-7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA WR548 UT WOS:A1997WR54800003 PM 9131734 ER PT J AU Perron, R AF Perron, R TI Poor Alice ... note on the mad world Lewis threw her into SO REVUE FRANCAISE DE PSYCHANALYSE LA French DT Article DE Lewis Carroll; infantile psychosis; infantile autism; body; language AB In two very elaborate tales, tales Carroll throws the little girl, who is supposed to be enjoying herself, into a terrifying univers that evokes the world of infantile psychoses. Prior to the refusal to grow up, we see menstruous bodily transformations multiply. The uncertainty of the Self, deprived of its base, echoes the uncertainty and fluctuations of hostile and evanescent objects. Time and space are subverted and destructured. Language finally, the instrument of this destructuration, is constantly subverted and logic is used against logic itself. The picture is dominated by permanent attacks against liason according to Bion's use of the term, and this leads to the destruction of a world that has lost its meaning, where the Self has no possible existence. CR ABENSOUR A, 1982, NOUV REV PSYCHANAL, P173 Bion WR, 1983, REFLEXION FAITE BION WR, 1982, NOUVELLE REV PSYCHAN BION WR, 1964, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHA, V28 BURKE K, 1966, ASPECTS ALICE CARROLL L, 1989, OEUVRES COMPLETES CASTORIADISAULA.P, 1975, VIOLENCE INTERPRETAT CIXOUS H, 1971, AUTRE COTE MIROIR Deleuze Gilles, 1969, LOGIQUE SENS EMPSON W, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE FAIMBERG H, 1978, REV FR PSYCHANAL, V42, P5 GARDNER M, 1965, ANNOTATED ALICE GATTEGNO J, 1970, L CARROLL GATTEGNO J, 1974, L CARROLL VIE GOLDSCHMIDT AME, 1971, APSECTS ALICE GREENACRE P, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE GROTJAHN, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE GUIGNARD F, 1986, B SOC PSYCHANALYTIQU, P3 HIRT J, 1984, PSYCHANALYSE U, P231 JONES L, 1950, REV FRANCAISE PSYCHA, V44, P513 LAGADEC C, 1967, INTERPRETATION, V1, P63 NEYRAUT M, 1978, LOGIQUES INCONSCIENT Phillips Robert, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE ROHEIM G, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE SCHILDER P, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE SEGAL H, 1970, REV FR PSYCHANAL, V34, P685 SKINNER, 1971, ASPECTS ALICE SOLOMON JC, 1963, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V44, P63 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0035-2942 J9 REV FR PSYCHANAL JI Rev. Fr. Psychanal. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 533 EP & PG 15 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA XC941 UT WOS:A1997XC94100018 ER PT J AU Singh, VK Singh, EA Warren, RP AF Singh, VK Singh, EA Warren, RP TI Hyperserotoninemia and serotonin receptor antibodies in children with autism but not mental retardation SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; mental retardation; serotonin; serotonin receptor antibodies; autoimmunity,; neurotransmitters ID DISORDERS C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR PERSONS DISABIL,IMMUNOL LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. CR ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.89 IKEN K, 1995, CELL IMMUNOL, V163, P1, DOI 10.1006/cimm.1995.1092 LASZLO A, 1994, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V229, P205, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90243-7 PARTINGT.MW, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P616 SINGH RP, 1993, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V7, P167, DOI 10.1002/rcm.1290070211 SINGH VK, 1990, MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL, V13, P97 STERN LM, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P569, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00798.x TODD RD, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.2.612 YUWILER A, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01046401 NR 11 TC 65 Z9 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 41 IS 6 BP 753 EP 755 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00522-7 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WL907 UT WOS:A1997WL90700018 PM 9067002 ER PT J AU Fein, D Allen, D Dunn, M Feinstein, C Green, L Morris, R Rapin, I Waterhouse, L AF Fein, D Allen, D Dunn, M Feinstein, C Green, L Morris, R Rapin, I Waterhouse, L TI Pitocin induction and autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID OXYTOCIN CR BEGLEY S, 1996, NEWSWEEK MAY, P70 INSEL TR, 1992, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V17, P3, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90073-G MODAHL C, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF01048246 NEWTON N, 1978, P SERONO S, V22, P165 PANKSEPP J, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P567, DOI 10.1007/BF01046058 RAPIN I, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139 Waterhouse L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P457, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.457 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 154 IS 3 BP 438 EP 439 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WK842 UT WOS:A1997WK84200039 PM 9054804 ER PT J AU Aman, MG Kern, RA Osborne, P Tumuluru, R Rojahn, J delMedico, V AF Aman, MG Kern, RA Osborne, P Tumuluru, R Rojahn, J delMedico, V TI Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and borderline IQ: Clinical effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID INTELLECTUALLY SUBAVERAGE CHILDREN; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; RETARDED-CHILDREN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ADHD; EFFICACY; AUTISM; NEUROTOXICITY; THIORIDAZINE AB A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate (0.4 mg/kg/day) and different doses of fenfluramine (1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/kg/day) in children with mental retardation or borderline IQ and ADHD was conducted. Parents, teachers, examiners, and physicians rated the children. There were relatively few significant drug effects by condition. When the optimal fenfluramine dose for each child was compared with placebo and methylphenidate, significant improvements occurred for fenfluramine on several parent and teacher subscales; teachers rated the children as somewhat improved with methylphenidate. The highest dose of fenfluramine produced more behavioral compliance but apparently at the cost of cognitive efficiency. Most side effects (drowsiness, dizziness, anorexia) occurred with fenfluramine. Both drugs appear to be effective treatments for children with ADHD and mental retardation, although there is a possible neurotoxic action with fenfluramine. We recommend a gradual phase-in of fenfluramine dosage, up to 1.5 mg/kg/day, for most children. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Aman, MG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,NISONGER CTR UAP,1581 DODD DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. CR Aman MG, 1996, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V8, P347, DOI 10.1007/BF02578400 AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P940, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199507000-00018 AMAN MG, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P851, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00022 AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P246, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00013 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P816, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80022-X AMAN MG, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P491, DOI 10.1007/BF01046052 AMAN MG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P385, DOI 10.1007/BF01538326 AMAN MG, 1997, FENFLURAMINE METHYLP AMAN MG, 1993, PRACTITIONERS GUIDE, P99 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 AMAN MG, 1996, ANNOTATED BIBLIO ABE AMAN MG, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00014 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x CIARANELLO RD, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P181, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070310 Conners C. K., 1969, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P152 Conners C.K., 1990, CONNERS RATING SCALE FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 Gadow K, 1994, CHILD SYMPTOM INVENT GADOW KD, 1987, STONY BROOK CHILD PS GADOW KD, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P291 HAGERMAN RJ, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P377, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300138 HANDEN BL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P922 HANDEN BL, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P455, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199205000-00011 HANDEN BL, 1995, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V7, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02684955 HANDEN BL, 1994, SIDE EFFECTS PROFILE HANLEY HG, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P521 HARVEY JA, 1975, PSYCHOPHARMACOL COMM, V1, P217 HELSEL WJ, 1989, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V2, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01098951 JOHNSON CR, 1994, BEHAV MODIF, V18, P470, DOI 10.1177/01454455940184005 LIPMAN RS, 1978, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY G, P1437 PARTINGT.MW, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P616 QUAY HC, 1983, MANUAL REVISED BEHAV RAY AA, 1982, SAS USERS GUIDE STAT RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 ROSNER F, 1965, LANCET, V1, P1191 SANDERSBUSH E, 1975, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V192, P33 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SCHELL RM, 1986, BEHAV ASSESS, V8, P373 SCHUSTER CR, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P148 SELIKOWITZ M, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P112 THORNDIKE R.L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING ST TU J, 1972, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V14, P457 WAGNER J, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V3, P219 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY B, V21, P719 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 101 IS 5 BP 521 EP 534 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA WP174 UT WOS:A1997WP17400007 PM 9083608 ER PT J AU Happe, FGE AF Happe, FGE TI Central coherence and theory of mind in autism: Reading homographs in context SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; 2ND-ORDER BELIEFS; CHILDS THEORY; REPRESENTATION; COMMUNICATION; PERFORMANCE; ABILITY; TASK AB The hypothesis that people with autism have a specific deficit in 'theory of mind' has been successful in explaining the characteristic triad of social, communication and imagination impairments. Ir cannot, however, explain the non-social impairments and skills shown by people with autism. Frith (1989) and Frith & Happe (1994a) have suggested that these aspects of autism can, instead, be understood as manifestations of a characteristic of general information processing in autism:'weak central coherence'. The relationship between theory of mind deficits and weak coherence is examined in the present paper. Sixteen relatively able participants with autism, who differed in their theory of mind task performance, were tested with a homograph reading task, in which pronunciation of target words is determined by integration of whole sentence context (e.g. pronouncing tear in 'In her eye/dress there was a big tear'). The results suggest that people with autism at all levels of theory of mind performance show a relative failure to process information for context-dependent meaning in this task. The implications of these findings for current theories of autism are discussed. RP Happe, FGE (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,4 TAVITON ST,LONDON WC1H 0BT,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AVIS J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P460, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01544.x BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BERTINI M, 1986, FIELD DEPENDENCE PSY BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Bruner J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P267 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE F, 1991, THESIS U LONDON HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HERMELIN B, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V58, P213 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LOVELAND KA, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P9 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SNOWLING M, 1986, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V42, P392, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90033-0 SULLIVAN K, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P395, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.30.3.395 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT Witkin H. A., 1962, PSYCHOL DIFFERENTIAT NR 36 TC 154 Z9 154 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 15 BP 1 EP 12 PN 1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WN541 UT WOS:A1997WN54100001 ER PT J AU Leekam, S BaronCohen, S Perrett, D Milders, M Brown, S AF Leekam, S BaronCohen, S Perrett, D Milders, M Brown, S TI Eye-direction detection: A dissociation between geometric and joint attention skills in autism SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; VISUAL-ATTENTION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; DEFICITS; INFANCY; MIND; MECHANISMS; KNOWLEDGE AB This study examined differences between children with autism and control children in the ability to follow another person's direction of gaze. In Expt 1, children with autism, Down syndrome and normally developing children were given two tasks. The gaze monitoring task (GMT) measured the child's spontaneous tendency to follow gaze direction in response to another person's change of head and eye movement. The visual perspective taking task (VPT) measured the child's ability to compute and report what the other person was looking at, when instructed to do so. Results showed that the majority of Down syndrome and normal children passed both tasks. In contrast, children with autism failed the GMT. This failure could not have been due to a lack of the relevant geometric skill, as they passed the VPT. This geometric skill was examined further in Expt 2, using a fine discrimination task which tested children's ability to discriminate degrees of change in the orientation of Children with autism were well within their developmental age level on this These results indicate a dissociation between (impaired) spontaneous monitoring and (intact) geometric analysis of gaze-direction. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL & PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. UNIV ST ANDREWS,PSYCHOL LAB,ST ANDREWS KY16 9AJ,FIFE,SCOTLAND. UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY CT2 7NZ,KENT,ENGLAND. RP Leekam, S (reprint author), UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY CT2 7LZ,KENT,ENGLAND. RI Milders, Maarten/C-5560-2008; Leekam, Susan/A-1773-2010 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGN STAT M, V3rd Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 Baron-Cohen S., 1992, MIND LANG, V7, P172, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1992.tb00203.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM Bretherton I., 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P333 BROWN J, 1995, THESIS U ST ANDREWS Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BUTTERWORTH G, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P55 BUTTERWORTH G, 1980, INT J BEHAV DEV, V3, P253 CAMPBELL R, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P1123, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-X CASEY BJ, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P933, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402609 Corkum V, 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS BEHAV NEURO CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P487, DOI 10.1007/BF01486965 Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOOD BM, 1995, ADV INFANCY RES, V9 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 LANDAU B, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P512, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.512 LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LEMPERS JD, 1977, GENET PSYCHOL MONOGR, V95, P3 Leslie A., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LORD C, 1974, CHILD DEV, V45, P113 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MILDERS MV, 1993, CLIN NEUROLOGY, V2 MOORE C, 1994, DEV REV, V14, P349, DOI 10.1006/drev.1994.1014 MORISSETTE P, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P163 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PERRETT D, 1992, UNPUB STUDIES GAZE D PERRETT DI, 1986, PHYSL ASPECTS CLIN N, P137 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 Tan J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000055 WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 NR 50 TC 111 Z9 114 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 15 BP 77 EP 95 PN 1 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WN541 UT WOS:A1997WN54100006 ER PT J AU Marcus, LM Kuhlman, TL AF Marcus, LM Kuhlman, TL TI Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Marcus, LM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,TEACCH CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515, USA. CR Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 42 IS 3 BP 238 EP 240 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WM958 UT WOS:A1997WM95800041 ER PT J AU Goode, E AF Goode, E TI Autism and the crisis of meaning - Durig,A SO CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS LA English DT Book Review RP Goode, E (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. CR DURIG A, 1996, AUTISM CRISIS MEANIN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1722 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2981 SN 0094-3061 J9 CONTEMP SOCIOL JI Contemp. Sociol.-J. Rev. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 233 EP 234 DI 10.2307/2076805 PG 2 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA WQ363 UT WOS:A1997WQ36300079 ER PT J AU YeungCourchesne, R Courchesne, E AF YeungCourchesne, R Courchesne, E TI From impasse to insight in autism research: From behavioral symptoms to biological explanations SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; FOCAL BRAIN INJURY; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; CEREBELLAR VERMIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PURKINJE-CELLS; ELASTIN LOCUS; NEONATAL RATS AB The incomplete interface between remediation-oriented research and basic science research has hampered progress toward gaining insight into the etiologies of autism, despite the availability of abundant research data. Investigators of these two research domains differ in their background training and primary goals, which necessarily affect their missions, perspectives, research questions posed, methodologies selected, and interpretation of data from the research. Miscommunication between the two types of researchers has brought about disagreement on nearly every aspect of the research process. We discuss both sides of the impass: a traditional clinical practice perspective based on the requirement for finding immediate answers to the remediation question and the basic science perspective with the goal of delineating the sequence of biological changes from the initial cause(s) of abnormal development to behavioral outcome. Although remediation-oriented research aims at alleviation of symptoms for today's patients, we propose that a basic science perspective seeks insight into the triggering causes and pathogenesis of the disorder from which better diagnosis and remediation may be devised for patients in the future. We suggest that research in autism can progress beyond the impasse of disagreement and competition toward information integration and insight by means of dialogue, data exchange, discussion, collaboration, and cooperation. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP YeungCourchesne, R (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,RES CTR,8110 LA JOLLA SHORES DR,ROOM 201,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, IN PRESS CEREBELLUM ALLEN G, IN PRESS SCIENCE ARTIGES E, 1995, 1 INT C FUNCT MAPP H, P227 AYLWARD EH, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1448 BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BALDRIDGE JR, 1993, VIROLOGY, V197, P669, DOI 10.1006/viro.1993.1642 Barinaga M, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P482, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.482 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 Bates E, 1992, Curr Opin Neurobiol, V2, P180, DOI 10.1016/0959-4388(92)90009-A Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BEBKO J, 1995, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS Blau K., 1979, AROMATIC AMINO ACID, P79 Blinkov S. M., 1968, HUMAN BRAIN FIGURES BOWER JM, 1990, J COMP NEUROL, V302, P768, DOI 10.1002/cne.903020409 BRAITENBERG V, IN PRESS BEHAV BRAIN BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 BUCHWALD JS, 1992, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V84, P164, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90021-3 BURACK JA, 1994, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V103, P535, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.535 BUSATTO GF, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P463 CARBONE KM, 1991, J VIROL, V65, P6154 Chase Christopher H., 1996, Seminars in Speech and Language, V17, P173, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1064097 CHEN S, 1994, EXP NEUROL, V126, P270, DOI 10.1006/exnr.1994.1064 Christianson A, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P357 Cicchetti D., 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P531 CICCHETTI D, 1993, DEV REV, V13, P471, DOI 10.1006/drev.1993.1021 Cicchetti D, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P597 CICCHETTI D, 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO CICCHETTI D, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P533, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004673 CIESIELSKI KT, 1990, P 5 INT CHILD NEUR C COENEN OJM, 1996, P 3 JOINT S NEUR COM COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 COOK EH, IN PRESS AM J HUMAN COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS LEARNING ME COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P195 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS 1997 MCGRAW COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P258 COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P697, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004740 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P203 COURCHESNE E, 1994, LANCET, V343, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90923-7 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, IN PRESS CURRENT OPI COURCHESNE E, 1996, DEV NEUROIMAGING MAP COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 CUENOD CA, 1993, 12 ANN M SOC MAGN RE, P1421 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 DEKABAN AS, 1978, ANN NEUROL, V4, P345, DOI 10.1002/ana.410040410 delaTorre JC, 1996, VIROLOGY, V220, P508, DOI 10.1006/viro.1996.0340 DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DESMOND JE, 1995, SOC NEUROSCI, V475, P1 EISENSMITH RC, 1991, MOL BIOL MED, V8, P3 EWART AK, 1993, NAT GENET, V5, P11, DOI 10.1038/ng0993-11 Fessatidis I T, 1993, Cardiovasc Surg, V1, P155 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 Folling A, 1934, H-S Z PHYSIOL CHEM, V227, P169, DOI 10.1515/bchm2.1934.227.1-4.169 Folling Asbjorn, 1971, PHENYLKETONURIA SOME, p[1, 3] FRIEDLANDER MJ, 1991, J NEUROSCI, V11, P3268 Gao JH, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P545, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.545 GAO JH, 1995, 1 INT C FUNCT MAPP H GELEHRTER TD, 1990, PRINCIPLES MED GENET, P3 GOULD SJ, 1993, 8 LITTLE PIGGIES REF, P79 Hagerman RJ, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P416 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HO KC, 1980, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V104, P635 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Ingram J. L., 1996, Teratology, V53, P86 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KILHAM L, 1975, PROG MED VIROL, V20, P113 KIM SG, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P949, DOI 10.1126/science.8052851 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 KLINGBERG T, 1995, 1 INT C FUNCT MAPP H, P414 KOTZOT D, 1995, EUR J PEDIATR, V154, P477, DOI 10.1007/BF02029360 KUEMERLE B, 1995, SOC NEUR 25 ANN M SA LANDRY SH, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01884.x LE TH, IN PRESS J NEUROPHYS LEINER HC, 1986, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V100, P443, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.100.4.443 Lincoln Alan J., 1995, P89 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 LOVELAND K, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335 LOWERY MC, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P49 LUND RD, 1978, DEV PLASTICITY BRAIN, P1 MACAGNO ER, 1973, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V70, P57, DOI 10.1073/pnas.70.1.57 MARCHMAN VA, 1991, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V12, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400009358 MARI A, 1995, HUM GENET, V96, P444 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 Matz P, 1996, STROKE, V27, P504 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MILLS D, 1992, HUMAN BEHAV DEV BRAI MONJAN AA, 1971, SCIENCE, V171, P194, DOI 10.1126/science.171.3967.194 MONJAN AA, 1973, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V32, P110, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197301000-00007 MORRIS CA, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V47, P478, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320470409 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x NAGAHAMA Y, 1995, 1 INT C FUNCT MAPP H, P196 NASRALLAH HA, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P567, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90092-Z NEVILLE HJ, 1991, BRAIN MATURATION COG, P355 OHEARN E, 1993, NEUROSCIENCE, V55, P303, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90500-F ORNITZ EM, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02115226 ORNITZ EM, 1970, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V11, P159, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(70)90157-4 Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 PARKER MS, 1994, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V12, P461 PAULIN MG, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V41, P39, DOI 10.1159/000113822 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P398 RAICHLE ME, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P8, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 RAO SL, 1995, 1 INT C FUNCT MAPP H, P412 Rasmussen T, 1977, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V299, P355, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41921.x Raymond JL, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P1126, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5265.1126 RAZ N, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P412 RAZ N, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P356 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P95, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340117 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RICHTERS JE, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P5, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004235 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 Robbins L. N., 1990, STRAIGHT DEVIOUS PAT Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 RUTTER M, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P73, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09745.x RUTTER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00768.x RYABININ AE, 1995, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V19, P784, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01583.x Sagara Mitsumasa, 1993, In Vivo (Athens), V7, P493 SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SAITOH O, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P317 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 SCHMAHMANN JD, IN PRESS CEREBELLUM SCHNEIDER GE, 1979, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V17, P557, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(79)90033-2 Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SIGMAN M, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P139 Sowell ER, 1996, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V20, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01039.x SROUFE LA, 1989, HUM DEV, V32, P196 STONE RL, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P59, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-59 STOUT JT, 1988, TRENDS GENET, V4, P175 STROMLAND K, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P351 THAL DJ, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V40, P491, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90145-Q Toth S. L., 1991, CHILD BEHAV DEV TRAI, P34 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 Townsend J, 1996, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V2, P541 Townsend J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P563 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H Fehlow P, 1993, Padiatr Grenzgeb, V31, P259 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 WULFECK BB, 1991, PEDIATR NEUROL, V7, P266, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90043-K YU S, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1179, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 NR 148 TC 25 Z9 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 389 EP 419 PG 31 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XE595 UT WOS:A1997XE59500010 PM 9201450 ER PT J AU Militerni, R Bravaccio, C DAntuono, PS AF Militerni, R Bravaccio, C DAntuono, PS TI Childhood disintegrative disorder: Review of cases and pathogenetic consideration SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE disintegrative disorder; autism; social deficits; theory of mind ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; DSM-IV; AUTISM; PSYCHOSIS; DEMENTIA; BRAIN AB We examined 10 children who showed normal or near normal development until the age of 2.9 years (range 2.1-4 years) followed by a disintegration disorder involving emotion, behavior and interpersonal relationships. All patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD). Each child received an extensive evaluation: detailed physical and neurological examination, videotaped psychiatric assessment, electroencephalogram, hearing test, computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, chromosomal analysis and auditory brainstem response examination. The children were also graded according to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. We compared the findings with those of 54 patients with autistic disorder (AD) subjected to the same examination procedures. The CDD group differed from the AD group only in the age at onset and pattern of onset. The two groups did not show other differences in terms of familial factors, degree of impairment, neurological findings and course. The different ages of the appearance of a similar symptomatology suggest interesting considerations regarding the underlying mechanisms. C1 UNIV NAPLES 2,DEPT PEDIAT,NAPLES,ITALY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00992.x BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 CHIRON C, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P549 CORBETT J, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P349 Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 EVANSJONES LG, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P462 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P428 HAMPSON E, 1992, P357 HEDGES LV, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P41, DOI 10.1126/science.7604277 Heller T, 1908, Z ERFORSCHUNG BEHAND, V2, P141 Heller T, 1930, Z KINDERFORSCH, V37, P661 HILL AE, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P34 HORWITZ B, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P102 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 RUTTER M, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P41, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02067.x SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SHAYWITZ BA, 1995, NATURE, V373, P607, DOI 10.1038/373607a0 STEWART J, 1988, BEHAV NEURAL BIOL, V49, P344, DOI 10.1016/S0163-1047(88)90354-8 TAYLOR DC, 1969, LANCET, V2, P140 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1092, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00020 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x Waterhouse L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02276235 WING L, 1981, PSYCHIAT RES, V5, P129, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(81)90043-3 ZHOU JN, 1995, NATURE, V378, P68, DOI 10.1038/378068a0 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XH647 UT WOS:A1997XH64700001 ER PT J AU Roux, S Hameury, L Adrien, JL Dansart, P Garreau, B Malvy, J Barthelemy, C AF Roux, S Hameury, L Adrien, JL Dansart, P Garreau, B Malvy, J Barthelemy, C TI Quantified assessment of autism and other developmental disorders: Bioclinical comparison of two populations of hospitalized children SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorders; cluster analysis ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; SUBTYPES AB In order to take into account the heterogeneity of populations and to establish the relationships between clinical and biological data which are necessary for physiopathological analysis, 15 years ago, the child psychiatry unit in Tours developed a quantified grouping system based on four developmental assessment parameters. This previously published system was applied to a population of 202 children presenting developmental disorders hospitalized before 1989. Cluster analysis, carried out on the four parameters, allowed the identification of four meaningful patterns. Between 1989 and 1993, we recruited a new population of 186 children with developmental disorders which were similarly clinically assessed. Using the same statistical clustering method on the latter population, we extracted four new patterns which are very similar to the four previously described profiles. Such a procedure, which has now been used for about 15 years, provides a complementary approach to the development of personalized strategies and to progress in physiopathological studies. RP Roux, S (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,LAB NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,INSERM,U316,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V22, P117, DOI 10.1159/000118604 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARTHELEMY C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P137 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 BRUNET O, 1976, ECHELLE DEV PSYCHOMO CAMPBELL M, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1124, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199509000-00008 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P170 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 Gesell A., 1947, DEV DIAGNOSIS Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HAMEURY L, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P51 HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 Lelord G., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P335 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x OVERALL JE, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V49, P459, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199307)49:4<459::AID-JCLP2270490402>3.0.CO;2-P PERRONBORELLI M, 1978, ECHELLE EFFICIENCES RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 Rogers SJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF02172020 ROUX S, 1997, IN PRESS BIOL PSYCHI RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 Rutter M., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P569 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SALSTONE R, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P930 SAUVAGE D, 1984, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SCHOPLER E, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF01537862 Sevin JA, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P561, DOI 10.1007/BF02178188 SHERMAN M, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P511, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00001 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 Waterhouse L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02276235 Wechsler D., 1981, ECHELLE INTELLIGENCE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XH647 UT WOS:A1997XH64700002 ER PT J AU Harris, P AF Harris, P TI Piaget in Paris: From 'autism' to logic SO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Item About an Individual DE biography; history; Piaget; transitions AB From 1919 to 1921, Piaget studied in Paris. When he arrived there, his intellectual interests included biology, psychoanalysis, logic and the philosophy of science but he had done no empirical research with children. The opportunity to work in Binet's former laboratory gave a direction to his thinking and research that endured a lifetime. The intellectual background to Piaget's first writings on child development is described. In particular, Piaget's wary interest in 'autistic' thinking is compared with his research on the emergence of logical thinking. The impact of this assumed opposition between two modes of thought on Piaget and on subsequent research in cognitive development is discussed. RP Harris, P (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,S PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3UD,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0018-716X J9 HUM DEV JI Hum. Dev. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 109 EP 123 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XA110 UT WOS:A1997XA11000007 ER PT J AU Leung, JP Wu, KI AF Leung, JP Wu, KI TI Teaching receptive naming of Chinese characters to children with autism by incorporating echolalia SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; echolalia; Chinese characters; receptive naming; generalization ID IMMEDIATE ECHOLALIA AB The facilitative effect of incorporating echolalia on teaching receptive naming of Chinese characters to children with autism was assessed. In Experiment 1, echoing the requested character name prior to the receptive naming task facilitated matching a character to its name. In addition, task performance was consistently maintained only when echolalia preceded the receptive manual response. Positive results from generalization tests suggested that learned responses occurred across various novel conditions. In Experiment 2, we examined the relation between task difficulty and speed of acquisition. All 3 participants achieved 100% correct responding in training, but learning less discriminable characters took more trials than learning more discriminable characters. These results provide support for incorporating echolalia as an educational tool within language instruction for some children with autism. RP Leung, JP (reprint author), CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHATIN,NT,HONG KONG. CR American Psychiatric Association, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CARR EG, 1975, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V3, P331 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-111 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF01531712 Fay W. H., 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU FAY WH, 1971, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V14, P645 FOXX RM, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P387, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-387 GOLDSTEIN H, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P401, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90035-Q HOWLIN P, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P151 KOEGEL RL, 1981, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V1, P187, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(81)90031-8 MCEVOY RE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF02211883 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 PRIZANT BM, 1981, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V18, P241 RINCOVER A, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P235, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-235 ROBERTS JMA, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02211846 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 SCHREIBMAN L, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P453, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-453 SCHULER AL, 1987, FOCUS EXCEPT CHILD, V19, P1 Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAVIOR STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 WAKABAYASHI S, 1977, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V18, P271 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-59 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WR343 UT WOS:A1997WR34300004 PM 9157099 ER PT J AU Pierce, K Schreibman, L AF Pierce, K Schreibman, L TI Multiple peer use of pivotal response training to increase social behaviors of classmates with autism: Results from trained and untrained peers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; generalization; social behavior; peer trainers AB Two children with autism and 8 typical peers participated in a study designed to replicate an earlier finding of successful social-skills intervention for children with autism using peer-implemented pivotal response training (PRT) and to assess the effects of using multiple peer trainers on generalization of treatment effects. During training, peers were taught PRT strategies using didactic instruction, modeling, role playing, and feedback. After treatment, children with autism engaged in increased levels of social behavior. RP Pierce, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. CR CHANDLER LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P415, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-415 Kohler F. W., 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P327 PIERCE K, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-285 NR 3 TC 77 Z9 77 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-157 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WR343 UT WOS:A1997WR34300012 PM 9103991 ER PT J AU vanGent, T Heijnen, CJ Treffers, PDA AF vanGent, T Heijnen, CJ Treffers, PDA TI Autism and the immune system SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; immune system; viral infection; autoimmunity ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; T-LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; LEFT-HANDEDNESS; EXOGENOUS SEROTONIN; NEURO-ENDOCRINE; BRAIN-STEM; DISORDERS; DISEASE; CELLS AB As our knowledge of the interactions of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems progresses, complex links with the origin and course of psychopathology in childhood are revealed. In this article the neuroimmunological literature on autism is reviewed. Relevant aspects of immune functioning and the neuroendocrine-immune network. are described. We present the immunological findings in autistic patients within two related conceptual frameworks: a viral and an autoimmune hypothesis. Interpretation of data is hampered by conceptual and methodological differences between studies. Both the clinical significance of the immune changes and the causal connection between immune changes and psychopathological phenomena in autism remain to be elucidated. Recommendations for further research are given. C1 UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3508 TC UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. LEIDEN UNIV, NL-2300 RA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS. CR Ader R, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG Ader R, 1981, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BALLIEUX RE, 1984, BREAKDOWN HUMAN ADAP, V2, P625 BALLIEUX RE, 1989, S PSYCH HERS GEDR IM BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BERKENBOSCH F, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P524, DOI 10.1126/science.2443979 BERNTON EW, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P403 Besedovsky HO, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P589 BIEDERMAN J, 1995, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V23, P545, DOI 10.1007/BF01447660 BLALOCK JE, 1985, J IMMUNOL, V135, pS858 BOHUS B, 1984, BREAKDOWN HUMAN ADAP, V2, P638 BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x BOWLBY J, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1 CALABRESE JR, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P1123 CHESS S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531116 Coe C.L., 1989, NEW DIR CHILD ADOLES, V45, P65 COOK EH, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF01066419 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF02178164 DAVIDSON RJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P741, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004764 DAWSON G, 1995, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V23, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF01447662 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V109, P628 DINARELLO CA, 1991, BLOOD, V77, P1627 EISENBERG L, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V148, P497, DOI 10.1192/bjp.148.5.497 FELTEN DL, 1991, NEUR CONT B, V6, P3 Felten SY, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P27 FERRARI P, 1988, Encephale, V14, P339 FIELD EJ, 1971, NATURE, V223, P284 FUNDERBURK SJ, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P325, DOI 10.1007/BF01531570 Galaburda A. M., 1984, CEREBRAL DOMINANCE B, P211 Geschwind N, 1987, CEREBRAL LATERALIZAT GESCHWIND N, 1982, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V79, P5097, DOI 10.1073/pnas.79.16.5097 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF01046406 GLAUDE SWD, 1988, TIJDSCHRIFT ORTHOPED, V27, P236 GUALTIERI T, 1985, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V8, P427 GUILLEMIN R, 1985, NEURAL MODULATION IM HAFLER DA, 1990, RES P ARNMD, V68, P23 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HEIJNEN CJ, 1979, NATURE, V280, P589, DOI 10.1038/280589a0 HEIJNEN CJ, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P429 HERBERT TB, 1993, PSYCHOL BULL, V113, P472, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.472 HUPPERT J, 1986, ADV VIRUS RES, V31, P357, DOI 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60269-9 JANKOVIC BD, 1987, NEUROIMMUNE INTERACT KAVELAARS A, 1995, EUR J IMMUNOL, V25, P1346, DOI 10.1002/eji.1830250532 KAVELAARS A, 1988, Brain Behavior and Immunity, V2, P57, DOI 10.1016/0889-1591(88)90006-2 KAVELAARS A, 1989, J IMMUNOL, V142, P2338 KELLER SE, 1990, RES P ARNMD, V68, P179 KUT JL, 1992, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V14, P783, DOI 10.3109/08923979209009235 LASSMAN H, 1991, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V51, P191 Locke S., 1985, FDN PSYCHONEUROIMMUN LOTZE MT, 1985, J IMMUNOL, V134, P157 Madden KS, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P283 MAES M, 1994, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V89, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01527.x MAESTRONI GJM, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P495 MCCONNACHIE PR, 1986, TRANSPLANTATION, V42, P212, DOI 10.1097/00007890-198608000-00021 MCCONNACHIE PR, 1984, AM J REPROD IMMUNOL, V5, P145 MCGARRY RC, 1983, NATURE, V306, P376, DOI 10.1038/306376a0 MCGRUDEN AB, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P475 MCMANUS IC, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V110, P237, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.237 MILENKOVIC L, 1989, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V86, P2418, DOI 10.1073/pnas.86.7.2418 MILLER AH, 1989, DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS, P24 MILLER AH, 1989, DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS MINDERAA RB, 1985, THESIS ERASMUS U ROT Munck A., 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P447 NAITOH Y, 1988, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V155, P1459, DOI 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81305-6 NEVEU P J, 1989, Encephale, V15, P405 Nir I, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P641, DOI 10.1007/BF02178193 PENNINGTON BF, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P634 PLIOPYS AV, 1989, P STAT OF THE ART C, P133 RENOUX G, 1984, IMMUNOL TODAY, V5, P218, DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(84)90087-2 RENOUX G, 1991, PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOG, P127 RITVO ER, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P566 Roitt I., 1989, IMMUNOLOGY RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SATZ P, 1986, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V8, P453, DOI 10.1080/01688638608401334 Schleifer S. J., 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P751 SCHLEIFER SJ, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P81 SCHULLERPETROVIC S, 1983, NATURE, V306, P179, DOI 10.1038/306179a0 SCOTT P, 1989, IMMUNOL REV, V112, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1989.tb00557.x SEARLEMAN A, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V25, P367, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90025-X SHANAHAN F, 1988, DIGEST DIS SCI, V33, pS41, DOI 10.1007/BF01538130 Singh V K, 1988, Ann N Y Acad Sci, V540, P602, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27186.x SMITH EM, 1988, PROG ALLERGY, V43, P121 SMITH EM, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P1057, DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.3.1057 SMITH J, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V25, P665, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90057-1 SOLOWAY HB, 1964, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V11, P657 STEIN M, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P171 STUBBS EG, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01543467 STUBBS EG, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P182, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60445-3 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 STUBBS EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01550276 TECOMA ES, 1985, LIFE SCI, V36, P1799, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90152-3 TODD RD, 1986, PSYCHIAT DEV, V2, P147 TODD RD, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.2.612 TODD RD, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V23, P644, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90012-1 TOH BH, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P3485, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.10.3485 VANSNICK J, 1990, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V8, P253, DOI 10.1146/annurev.immunol.8.1.253 VANSTRIEN JW, 1987, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V9, P775, DOI 10.1080/01688638708405216 WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 WARREN RP, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P873, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00005 Weiner H., 1977, PSYCHOBIOLOGY HUMAN WEISSE CS, 1992, PSYCHOL BULL, V111, P475, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.111.3.475 WESTALL FC, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1260 YOUNG JG, 1977, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V16, P174, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61589-2 YOUNG MRI, 1993, IMMUNOLOGY, V80, P395 YUWILER A, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01046401 ZHANG L, 1991, RES IMMUNOL, V142, P441, DOI 10.1016/0923-2494(91)90044-J NR 110 TC 78 Z9 81 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 3 BP 337 EP 349 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WU903 UT WOS:A1997WU90300009 PM 9232480 ER PT J AU Max, JE Dunisch, DL AF Max, JE Dunisch, DL TI Traumatic brain injury in a child psychiatry outpatient clinic: A controlled study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; children and adolescents; psychiatric outpatients ID HEAD-INJURIES; SEQUELAE AB Objective: To demonstrate the similarity of children with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly mild TBI, to matched children without such a history, within a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. Method: This is a chart review of patients presenting to a child psychiatry outpatient clinic over a 3-year period. Children with TBI were matched by age, sex, race, and social class to children with no history of TBI. Axis I and II diagnoses, use of special education services, and IQ scores were compared. Results: Seventy-four (5.6%) of 1,333 consecutive clinic cases had a definite TBI. Of these, 64 were mild. Only 3 of 59 comparisons that were made between TBI and control subjects were significant. A developmental communication disorder cluster was significantly more frequent in the TBI group. Autism and a pervasive developmental disorder cluster were significantly more frequent in the control group. Conclusion: In a child psychiatry clinic, patients with a history of TBI are virtually indistinguishable from matched children without TBI. Caution should be exercised before attributing the child's problems, especially long-term problems, to the TBI unless the injury was severe or the child is exhibiting related phobic or posttraumatic stress symptomatology. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 1995, TRAUMATIC HEAD INJUR Asarnow R., 1995, TRAUMATIC HEAD INJUR, P117 Black P, 1981, BRAIN DYSFUNCTION CH, P171 BROWN G, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P63 CHADWICK O, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P49 DONDERS J, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF00916690 FAY GC, 1994, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V75, P733 FLETCHER JM, 1990, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V58, P93, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.58.1.93 GILLBERG C, 1995, CLIN CHILD NEUROPSYC, P274, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511570094.013 HARRINGTON JA, 1958, J MENT SCI, V104, P1205 Hollingshead A. B., 1975, 4 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA KNIGHTS R M, 1991, Brain Injury, V5, P339, DOI 10.3109/02699059109008107 Kraus JF, 1995, TRAUMATIC HEAD INJUR, P22 LEMKUHL G, 1990, BRAIN BEHAV CHILD PS, P267 MARTINI DR, 1992, SCI P 39 ANN M AM AC, V8 Max JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P94, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199701000-00022 MAX JE, IN PRESS J NERV MENT MICHAUD LJ, 1993, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V74, P368 PELCO L, 1992, Brain Injury, V6, P29, DOI 10.3109/02699059209008119 RIVARA JB, 1993, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V74, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90060-N *SPSS, 1993, SPSS WIND PROOF STAT TEASDALE G, 1974, LANCET, V2, P81 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1097/00004583-199703000-00020 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WK274 UT WOS:A1997WK27400020 PM 9055522 ER PT J AU Frea, WD AF Frea, WD TI Reducing stereotypic behavior by teaching orienting responses to environmental stimuli SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS LA English DT Article DE applied behavior analysis; autism; community-based programs; natural environment; positive behavioral support; self-control; selfmanagement; stereotypic behavior ID AUTISTIC CHILDREN; SELF-STIMULATION; EXERCISE; MANAGEMENT; EXTINCTION; PLAY AB This study investigated the feasibility of decreasing the stereotypic behavior of two adolescents with autism by teaching them to increase orienting responses to their environment using an external prompt. Both participants exhibited high rates of stereotypic behaviors, one in the form of physical rigidify and stereotyped eye movements, the other in the form of perseverative speech and repeated gesturing They were taught to increase the amount of appropriate orienting to natural stimuli in community settings. Within a multiple baseline design across settings, both demonstrated decreases in stereotypic behavior as appropriate orienting increased. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Div Special Educ, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Frea, WD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Div Special Educ, 5151 State Univ Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. CR BACHMAN JE, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-477 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 COLMAN RS, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF01538059 DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 ELLIOTT RO, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF02172138 GUESS D, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P299 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KERN L, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF02408555 Koegel L. K., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 KOEGEL RL, 1989, TREATMENT SEVERE BEH, P129 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 LALLI JS, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P261, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-261 Lovaas O. I., 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45 LOVAAS OI, 1971, BEHAV RES THER, V9, P39, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90035-0 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 Powers S., 1992, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V7, P15, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360070103 ROMANCZYK RG, 1977, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V45, P53 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 WATTERS RG, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02414814 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP PI BALTIMORE PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA SN 0274-9483 J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap PD SPR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 107ZN UT WOS:000075241300003 ER PT J AU Sahota, PK Miles, JH Wang, CH Hillman, RE AF Sahota, PK Miles, JH Wang, CH Hillman, RE TI Sleep disorders in children with autism SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 48 IS 3 SU 2 BP 4117 EP 4117 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XG871 UT WOS:A1997XG87100721 ER PT J AU Bauman, ML Kemper, TL AF Bauman, ML Kemper, TL TI Is autism a progressive process? SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR PY 1997 VL 48 IS 3 SU 2 BP 5001 EP 5001 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XG871 UT WOS:A1997XG87100799 ER PT J AU Kristiansen, S AF Kristiansen, S TI Asperger's syndrome - Highfunctioning autism or a distinct clinical unit? SO NORDISK PSYKOLOGI LA Danish DT Article ID MIND AB The diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome has been of great interest to researchers in recent years. Some consider Asperger's syndrome and autism as distinct, others conclude that Asperger's syndrome is just a milder form of what we already know as autism. In order to make a distinction between autism and Asperger's syndrome, it is necessary to take into account the different research traditions that attempt to explain the symptomatology of autism. This article discusses the potential of one major theory in the field of autism: The Theory of Mind hypothesis. It is concluded that the Theory of Mind hypothesis cannot make any clear distinction between Asperger's syndrome and autism. Daniel Stern's theory of interpersonal development is offered as an alternative model for understanding the deficits of autistic children and the distinction between autism and Asperger's syndrome. RP Kristiansen, S (reprint author), UNIV AALBORG,INST SOCIALE FORHOLD & ORG,FORSKNINGSGRP ARBEJDS & LEVEMILJOER,KROGHSTR 7,DK-9220 AALBORG O,DENMARK. CR ASPERGER H, 1991, AUTISM ASEPRGERSYNDR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x DAHLGREN S, 1996, UNPUB J CHILD PSYCHO DAHLGREN S, 1995, FOR FREML SKIV 27 28 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND FRITH U, 1992, AUTISME GADES AFKLAR Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x JORGENSEN OS, 1994, MELLEM AUTISME NORMA Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 STERN DN, 1991, BARNETS INTERPERSONE WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WING L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 PU HANS REITZELS FORLAG PI COPENHAGEN PA KOBMAGERGADE 62, POSTBOX 1073, 1008 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0029-1463 J9 NORD PSYKOL JI Nord. Psykol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 49 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WT355 UT WOS:A1997WT35500004 ER PT J AU Schepis, C Elia, M Siragusa, M Barbareschi, M AF Schepis, C Elia, M Siragusa, M Barbareschi, M TI A new case of trichothiodystrophy associated with autism, seizures, and mental retardation SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENT BRITTLE HAIR; IBIDS AB We report a patient with trichothiodystrophy associated with autism, mental retardation, and seizures, The diagnosis was based on the presence of brittle hair, with a marked decrease in sulfur-rich amino acid content, and characteristic features such as ''tiger tail'' under polarizing microscopy and trichoschisis under scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopic alterations were mostly observed in the frontal and occipital hair, with only microscopic abnormalities in the occipital hair, We consider this an unusual expression of this disease. RP Schepis, C (reprint author), OASI INST,UNIT DERMATOL,VIA C RUGGERO 73,I-94018 TROINA,ITALY. CR ALFANDARI S, 1993, DERMATOLOGY, V186, P197 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGN STAT M, V3rd CROVATO F, 1983, BRIT J DERMATOL, V108, P247, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00068.x ITIN PH, 1990, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V22, P705, DOI 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70096-Z ITIN PH, 1991, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V24, P356, DOI 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70051-3 JORIZZO JL, 1982, BRIT J DERMATOL, V106, P705, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb14709.x PRICE VH, 1980, ARCH DERMATOL, V116, P1375, DOI 10.1001/archderm.116.12.1375 REBORA A, 1987, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V16, P940, DOI 10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70118-2 REBORA A, 1988, HUM GENET, V78, P106, DOI 10.1007/BF00291250 STEFANINI M, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P817 Tanner J. M., 1983, ASSESSMENT SKELETAL VANNESTE D, 1991, EUR J PEDIATR DERMAT, V1, P45 VENNING VA, 1986, BRIT J DERMATOL, V114, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04066.x NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00219.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA WX032 UT WOS:A1997WX03200009 PM 9144699 ER PT J AU Rubin, M AF Rubin, M TI Use of atypical antipsychotics in children with mental retardation, autism, and other developmental disabilities SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID CLOZAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER AB Recommendations for treating severe disruptive behavioral disorders in children with developmental disabilities or mental retardation who do nor respond to behavioral interventions, non-antipsychotic medications, or typical neuroleptic agents may include a trial of one or more atypical antipsychotic drugs now available. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR HLTH SCI,PHOENIX,AZ. CR ATLAS JA, 1995, PSYCHOL REP, V77, P207 BURKE MS, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199502000-00005 Buzan RD, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P734 COHEN SA, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P440 Findling RL, 1996, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V57, P19 Fisman S, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P937, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199607000-00021 Hammock RG, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P611, DOI 10.1007/BF02178191 Hardan A, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1551, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00025 Holzer JC, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P133 LIT W, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 McDougle CJ, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P273, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.273 MENOLASCINO FJ, 1986, MENT RETARD, V24, P277 PARY RJ, 1994, MENT RETARD, V32, P323 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 RAPAPORT JL, 1994, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V4, P1 RUBIN M, 1995, HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT, V2, P293 SAJATOVIC M, 1994, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V35, P29, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(94)90166-X Schroeder S. R., 1995, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V1, P120, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010208 SIMEON JG, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P69, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.69 Songer DA, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P578 VANDENBORRE R, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V87, P167 VYNCKE J, 1974, PHARMAKOPSYCH NEURO, V7, P225 WILLIAMS DE, 1995, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V7, P155 Zuddas A, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P738 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 219 EP & PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WN677 UT WOS:A1997WN67700011 ER PT J AU Rodier, PM Ingram, JL Tisdale, B Croog, VJ AF Rodier, PM Ingram, JL Tisdale, B Croog, VJ TI Linking etiologies in humans and animal models: Studies of autism SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE teratology; thalidomide; valproic acid; brain stem; facial nucleus; superior olive; cerebellum ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN AB Thalidomide has been shown to lead to a high rate of autism when exposure occurs during the 20th to 24th d of gestation. Both the critical period and the neurological deficits of the autistic cases indicate that they have sustained injuries to the cranial nerve motor nuclei. To determine whether such lesions characterize other cases of autism, the brain stem of an autistic case was compared to that of a control. The autopsy case showed abnormalities predicted by the thalidomide cases and evidence of shortening of the brain stem, a defect that could have occurred only during neural tube closure. To test whether animals can be similarly injured but remain viable, rats were treated with 350 mg/kg of valproic acid on day 11.5, 12, or 12.5 of gestation, Neuron counts showed reductions of cell numbers in the cranial nerve motor nuclei, Rats with motor neuron deficits also had cerebellar anomalies like those reported in studies of autistic cases, supporting the idea that these animals may be a useful model of the developmental injury that initiates autism. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Rodier, PM (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BOX 668,601 ELMWOOD AVE,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ARDINGER HH, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V29, P171, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320290123 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BINKERD PE, 1988, FUNDAM APPL TOXICOL, V11, P48 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x BRYSON SE, COMMUNICATION CARPENTER EM, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V118, P1063 Christianson A, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P357 COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 DAVIGNON M, 1964, ARCHIV OTOLARYNGOL, V80, P136 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1989, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V78, P314, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11076.x HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 LENZ W, 1962, LANCET, V1, P271 MARK M, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V119, P319 Miller M T, 1991, Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, V89, P623 Miller M. T., 1993, Teratology, V47, P387 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 SCHARRE JE, 1992, OPTOMETRY VISION SCI, V69, P433, DOI 10.1097/00006324-199206000-00004 Schumacher H. J., 1968, TERATOLOGY, V5, P233 STROMLAND K, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P351 WALKER HA, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01537727 NR 24 TC 114 Z9 116 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)80001-U PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA WQ840 UT WOS:A1997WQ84000035 PM 9100317 ER PT J AU Morrison, K RosalesRuiz, J AF Morrison, K RosalesRuiz, J TI The effect of object preferences on task performance and stereotypy in a child with autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATION; SENSORY EXTINCTION; PROBLEM BEHAVIORS; SEVERE HANDICAPS; REINFORCERS; STUDENTS AB The relationship between preferred objects associated with stereotypy, stereotypic behavior, and accuracy of responding during a counting task by a child with autism was analyzed. Object preference was determined by presenting the child with different sets of objects and asking him to choose one. His choices were then rank ordered into three group: low, medium and high preference objects. Counting performance within each of the three object groups was then analyzed in a multi-element design, alternating preference groups Teaching with high-preference objects occasioned more stereotypic behavior and less accurate counting than teaching with medium- and low-preference objects. Thus, there exists the possibility that teaching may be less successful with certain teaching materials especially if those materials evoke high rates of incompatible behaviors. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. RP Morrison, K (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT HUMAN DEV,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. CR AIKEN JM, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02409580 CHARLOP MH, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163 CHOCK PN, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P365, DOI 10.1007/BF01531586 Dunlap G, 1994, J Appl Behav Anal, V27, P505, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-505 DYER K, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P515, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-515 DYER K, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P607, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90056-4 FOSTERJOHNSON L, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P493, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-493 GRANDIN T, 1987, ACAD THER, V22, P297 Guess D., 1985, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V10, P79 HUNG DW, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF01539637 Koegel R. L., 1989, TEACH PIVOTAL BEHAV KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243 LAGROW SJ, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P595 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lovaas O. I., 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45 LOVAAS OI, 1971, BEHAV RES THER, V9, P305, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90042-8 MAAG JW, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF01531581 MACE FC, 1987, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V18, P25, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(87)90068-1 MITHAUG DE, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P177, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-177 PARSONS MB, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P253, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-253 RINCOVER A, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF00924733 RISLEY TR, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P21, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-21 RUNCO MA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531576 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM Shevin M., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P159 Sidman M., 1960, TACTICS SCI RES SUGAI G, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01531711 WATTERS RG, 1983, J SPEC EDUC, V17, P27 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00046-7 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XA602 UT WOS:A1997XA60200004 PM 9172281 ER PT J AU Celiberti, DA Bobo, HE Kelly, KS Harris, SL Handleman, JS AF Celiberti, DA Bobo, HE Kelly, KS Harris, SL Handleman, JS TI The differential and temporal effects of antecedent exercise on the self-stimulatory behavior of a child with autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PHYSICAL EXERCISE; MANAGEMENT; MILD AB The effects of true levels of exercise (walking versus jogging) in suppressing the self-stimulatory behavior of a five-year-old boy with autism were examined. The exercise conditions were applied immediately before periods of academic programming. Maladaptive self-stimulatory behaviors were separately tracked enabling identification of behaviors that were more susceptible to change (e.g., physical self-stimulation and ''out of seat'' behavior) versus those that were more resistant (e.g., visual self-stimulation). Examination of temporal effects indicated a decrease in physical self-stimulation and ''out of seat'' behavior but only for the jogging condition. In addition, sharp reductions in these behaviors were observed immediately following the jogging intervention and gradually increased but did not return to baseline levels over a 40 min period. Implications for further research and clinical intervention are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. RP Celiberti, DA (reprint author), GIBBONS CABIN DOUGLASS COLL,DOUGLASS DEV DISABIL CTR,POB 270,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. CR ALLISON DB, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P89, DOI 10.1007/BF02207001 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHMAN JE, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P73, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90021-2 BACHMAN JE, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P477, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-477 BASS CK, 1985, J LEARN DISABIL, V18, P160 ELLIOTT RO, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF02172138 ELLIS DN, 1989, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V20, P251, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(89)90030-X GORDON D H, 1986, Cimbebasia Series A, V8, P37 HARRIS SL, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P185, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-185 HOBBS SA, 1977, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V6, P20 KERN L, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01538327 KERN L, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF02408555 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 LARSON JL, 1992, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V17, P40 LUCE SC, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-583 MCGIMSEY JF, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P167, DOI 10.1007/BF02211944 Morrissey P. A., 1992, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V7, P373, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360070505 Powers S., 1992, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V7, P15, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360070103 QUILL K, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF02212861 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT TARNOWSKI KJ, 1985, BEHAV THER, V16, P275, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80015-0 WATTERS RG, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02414814 Yell M. L., 1988, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V13, P273 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00032-7 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA XA602 UT WOS:A1997XA60200005 PM 9172282 ER PT J AU Gomez, A Camarena, B Nicolini, H AF Gomez, A Camarena, B Nicolini, H TI Research on some of the genetic and cognitive factors that influence the aetiology of autism SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE genetic factors; cognitive factor; autism ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS AB The present report is a critical review of the literature related to the genetic and cognitive factors that influence the aetiology of autism. First, we have made an extensive review of some experimental evidence related to the neuropsychology, genetics and behaviour involved in autism as a psychiatric disorder in childhood. Furthermore, we have made a bibliographic review of the most updated investigations of the X-fragile, serotonine and dopamine markers involved in the coginitive development of the autist child. The data of the aetiological research on autism suggests that this psychiatric disorder is characterized by a cognitive deficit. Moreover, patients with this disorder also avoid the personal interactions as revealed by isolation at social and emotional level. The significance of such a multidisciplinary study is that the medical and therapeutical efforts are necessary for the diagnose and clinical treatment of the autistic child. RP Gomez, A (reprint author), INST MEXICANO PSIQUIATRIA,DIV INVEST CLIN,CALZ MEXICO XOCHIMILCO 101,MEXICO CITY 14370,DF,MEXICO. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BATTLIN R, 1974, VESTIBULOGRAPHY BETTELHEEM B, 1984, FORTEREESSE VIDE BLEULER E, 1987, MONOGRAPH SERIES SCH BLOMQUIST HK, 1982, CLIN GENET, V21, P209 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P241 COLEMAN M, 1989, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO COMINGS D, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P195 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEMYER M, 1976, BIOL ENV DETERMINANT, V51, P298 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P556 EISENBERG L, 1957, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V27, P715 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Frith U., 1991, AUTISMO GARREAU B, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P93 GOLDIN LR, 1982, AM J HUM GENET, V34, P250 HANSON DR, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF01543463 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI JORDE L, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P1 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KUPERMAN S, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V234, P186 LEON C, 1985, SALUD MENTAL, V8, P33 MALHER M, 1973, PSYCHOSE INFANTILE MARTINEAU J, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P141 MELTZER D, 1975, EXPLORATIONS MONDE A NEWSON E, 1984, COMMUNICATION, V18, P1 ORNITZ E, 1976, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 RACAMILER P, 1980, SCHIZOPHRENES REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RIMLAND B, 1974, CHILD PERSONALITY PS, V1, P137 RUTIER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1991, AUTISME REEVALUATION SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMITH C, 1974, AM J HUM GENET, V26, P454 TUSTIN F, 1986, ETATS AUTISTIQUES VENTER PA, 1984, HUM GENET, V67, P107, DOI 10.1007/BF00270567 WARD AJ, 1970, PSYCHOL BULL, V73, P350, DOI 10.1037/h0029233 WING L, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02066.x WING L, 1988, BIOL RES WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA PI MEXICO CITY PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO SN 0185-3325 J9 SALUD MENT JI Salud Ment. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WW212 UT WOS:A1997WW21200009 ER PT J AU Fabisch, H Fabisch, K Langs, G Wieselmann, G Tilz, GP Zapotoczky, HG AF Fabisch, H Fabisch, K Langs, G Wieselmann, G Tilz, GP Zapotoczky, HG TI Delusions and autism in schizophrenia and immunological alterations SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HOSP GRAZ,DEPT PSYCHIAT,GRAZ,AUSTRIA. UNIV HOSP GRAZ,DEPT IMMUNOL,GRAZ,AUSTRIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)82036-1 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WP196 UT WOS:A1997WP19600029 ER PT J AU Kilman, A Reeve, A Cooperman, RB Lesnik, PG Ciesielski, KT AF Kilman, A Reeve, A Cooperman, RB Lesnik, PG Ciesielski, KT TI Morphometry of cerebellar vermis in chronic schizophrenia and autism: MRI evidence of developmental etiology SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLIN NEUROSCI LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)82426-7 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WP196 UT WOS:A1997WP19600419 ER PT J AU Buckley, PF Lys, C Findling, R Schulz, SC Xue, M Ng, T AF Buckley, PF Lys, C Findling, R Schulz, SC Xue, M Ng, T TI Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and aberrant neurodevelopment: Frontal lobe metabolism in adolescent-onset schizophrenia and in autism SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)82467-X PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WP196 UT WOS:A1997WP19600460 ER PT J AU Mazzocco, MMM Knight, SJL Abrams, MT Doheny, KF Baumgardner, TL Freund, LS Davies, KE Reiss, AL AF Mazzocco, MMM Knight, SJL Abrams, MT Doheny, KF Baumgardner, TL Freund, LS Davies, KE Reiss, AL TI Cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical assessment of two unrelated male children expressing FRAXE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE nonspecific developmental delay; CGG; expansion; autism; FMR1; FMR2; FRAXA; FRAXE ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; REPEAT EXPANSION; CGG REPEAT; FMR-1 GENE; SITE; IDENTIFICATION; DISORDERS; CHECKLIST; DIAGNOSIS AB Standardized cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical data are presented on 2 unrelated boys with the FRAXE (FMR2) GCC expansion mutation. In the context of normal IQ, both boys had a history of developmental delay, including significant problems with communication, attention, and overactivity. Additionally, one child was diagnosed with autistic disorder. Data from these 2 cases are compared to analogous information from previous reports about individuals with the FRAXE or FRAXA (FMR1) mutation. These comparisons support the idea that FRAXE is associated with nonspecific developmental delay and possibly high-functioning autism. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 KENNEDY KRIEGER INST, BEHAV NEUROGENET & NEUROIMAGING RES CTR, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. KENNEDY KRIEGER INST, GENET LAB, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, CTR MED GENET, DEPT PEDIAT, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP, INST MOL MED, OXFORD OX3 9DU, ENGLAND. CR Allingham-Hawkins Diane, 1995, American Journal of Human Genetics, V57, P72 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BAUMGARDNER TL, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P744 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Chakrabarti L, 1996, HUM MOL GENET, V5, P275, DOI 10.1093/hmg/5.2.275 Costa P.T., 1985, NEO PERSONALITY INVE DYKENS EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01066423 ENDICOTT J, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P837 FREUND LS, 1996, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V13, P385 FREUND LS, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P435, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90037-S FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 Gecz J, 1996, NAT GENET, V13, P105, DOI 10.1038/ng0596-105 GEDEON AK, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P907 Gu YH, 1996, NAT GENET, V13, P109, DOI 10.1038/ng0596-109 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V33, P513, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320330422 Hagerman RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HAMEL BCJ, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P923 Hiskey M. S., 1966, MANUAL HISKEY NEBRAS KAPLAN HI, 1994, KAPLAN SADOCKS SYNOP, P1257 Knight SJL, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P906 KNIGHT SJL, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P81 KNIGHT SJL, 1993, CELL, V74, P127, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-F LIPMAN RS, 1979, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V1, P9, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(79)90021-1 LUBS HA, 1969, AM J HUM GENET, V21, P231 MULLEY JC, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P162, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.3.162 PARRISH JE, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P225 PIERETTI M, 1991, CELL, V66, P817, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90125-I REICH W, 1988, DICA R P DSM 3 R VER REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P884 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 REISS AL, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P885, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00007 RITCHIE RJ, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P2115, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.12.2115 ROUSSEAU F, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P1673, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199112123252401 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sutherland Grant R., 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P111, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.2.111 SUTHERLAND GR, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P265, DOI 10.1126/science.877551 SUTHERLAND GR, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P3636, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3636 Thorndike R. L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING 4 VERHEIJ C, 1993, NATURE, V363, P722, DOI 10.1038/363722a0 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H WANG Q, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P170, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.3.170 WANG Q, 1993, LANCET, V342, P1025, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92882-T Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D., 1974, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0148-7299 EI 1096-8628 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD FEB 21 PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WG273 UT WOS:A1997WG27300016 ER PT J AU Lainhart, JE AF Lainhart, JE TI Developmental abnormalities in autism SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material RP Lainhart, JE (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108, USA. CR BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Bauman ML, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF02172012 Chugani HT, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P643, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390514 Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 REISS AL, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1317 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 8 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9049 BP 373 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80005-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WH296 UT WOS:A1997WH29600005 PM 9033460 ER PT J AU Bolton, PF Griffiths, PD AF Bolton, PF Griffiths, PD TI Association of tuberous sclerosis of temporal lobes with autism and atypical autism SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a multisystem genetic disorder that is associated with mental retardation, autism, and atypical autism. We investigated the basis for these associations by examining whether the liability to mental retardation and autism or atypical autism is related to the number and distribution of hamartomatous brain growths (cortical tubers) that characterise TS. Methods 18 patients consecutively referred to our clinic were assessed for the presence of autism or atypical autism, and their IQs were estimated (without awareness of brain-scan results). Brain scans were reviewed by a neuroradiologist (unaware of clinical diagnoses), and the number and location of cortical tubers was examined in relation to the liability to psychopathology. Findings Nine of the 18 patients had autism or atypical autism (two with IQ greater than or equal to 70; four with IQ 51-69, three with IQ less than or equal to 50; eight with a history of epilepsy). The remaining patients had various other psychiatric disorders (five with IQ greater than or equal to 70; four with IQ 51-69; seven had a history of epilepsy). In the group as a whole, the number of tubers was significantly greater (p=0.005) in patients with mental retardation (median 6 [IQR 4-9]) than in those of normal intelligence (1 [0-3]), and the degree of mental retardation was significantly correlated with the number of brain tubers (r(s)0.64; p=0.008). Similarly, the number of tubers was significantly greater (p=0.02) in individuals with a diagnosis of autism or atypical autism (6 [4-8]) than in those without this diagnosis (2 [1-4]). Eight of the nine patients with autism or atypical autism, but none of the non-autistic individuals, had tubers located in the temporal robes (p=0.0004). Otherwise, no particular distribution of cortical tubers was associated with a diagnosis of autism or atypical autism. Interpretation Our investigation provides evidence of an association between a gross, focal brain abnormality. detectable on neuroimaging and autism or atypical autism. The results show the importance of scan findings in the prognosis of TS, and also suggest that temporal lobe neurodevelopmental abnormalities may create a risk for autism or atypical autism. C1 ADDENBROOKES NHS TRUST,DEPT RADIOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. RP Bolton, PF (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SECT DEV PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 CR Bachevalier J., 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P146 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Chugani HT, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P643, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390514 Clarke A, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P139 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R GILLBERG IC, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P50 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GONZALEZ RC, 1994, GACETA MED MEXICO, V130, P374 HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P252 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 JAMBAQUE I, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P698 MENOR F, 1992, PEDIATR RADIOL, V22, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF02012989 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P66 OSBORNE JP, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P125, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37754.x PERRETT DI, 1992, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V335, P23, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1992.0003 Piven J, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P530, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00020 ROACH ES, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P301 SHEPHERD CW, 1995, AM J NEURORADIOL, V16, P149 SMALLEY S, 1995, PSYCHIATR GENET, V5, pS88 Smalley S. L., 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P958 Webb DW, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P146 WILLIAMSON DA, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF02179377 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Young AW, 1996, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V34, P31, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00062-3 NR 28 TC 161 Z9 163 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 8 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9049 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80012-8 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WH296 UT WOS:A1997WH29600012 PM 9033466 ER PT J AU Baranek, GT Foster, LG Berkson, G AF Baranek, GT Foster, LG Berkson, G TI Tactile defensiveness and stereotyped behaviors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gatlinburg Conference on Theory and Research in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities CY MAR 23, 1994 CL GATLINBURG, TN DE autism; mental retardation; self stimulation; sensory integrative dysfunction ID DISABILITIES; CHILDREN AB Objectives. This study explores the constructs of stereotyped behaviors (e.g., repetitive motor patterns, object manipulations, behavioral rigidities) and tactile defensiveness as relevant to occupational therapy theory and practice and attempts to test their purported relationships in children with developmental disabilities. Method. Twenty-eight children with developmental disabilities and autism were assessed on eight factors of stereotyped behavior via a questionnaire and by four measures of tactile defensiveness. The subjects' scores from the questionnaire were correlated with their scores on the tactile defensiveness measures to see what if any, relationship among these behaviors exists. Results. Significant relationships emerged from the data, indicating that subjects with higher levels of tactile defensiveness were also more likely to evidence rigid or inflexible behaviors, repetitive verbalizations, visual stereotypies, and abnormal focused affections that are often associated with autism. Na significant association was found between motor and object stereotypies and tactile defensiveness. These relationships could not be explained solely by maturational factors. Conclusion. The results suggest that clinicians should include observations of stereotyped behaviors, particularly behavioral rigidities, in conjunction with assessments of sensory defensiveness because these are related phenomena that may pose unique challenges for children with developmental disabilities and autism. Further study is needed to determine the causal mechanisms responsible for these relationships. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR DEV & LEARNING,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV MARYLAND HOSP,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP Baranek, GT (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DIV OCCUPAT THERAPY,CB 7255,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR Ayres A. J., 1972, SENSORY INTEGRATION AYRES A J, 1964, Am J Occup Ther, V18, P6 BARANEK GT, 1993, THESIS U ILLINOIS CH BARANEK GT, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF02172128 BAUER BA, 1977, AM J OCCUP THER, V31, P447 BERKSON G, 1996, STEREOTYPED MOVEMENT, P3, DOI 10.1037/10202-001 BERKSON G, 1963, AM J MENT DEF, V68, P409 BERKSON G, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P137 Berkson G., 1967, COMP PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, P76 BRIGHT T, 1981, AM J OCCUP THER, V35, P167 Grandin T, 1992, J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, V2, P63, DOI 10.1089/cap.1992.2.63 GUESS D, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P299 HAGERMAN RJ, 1990, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V3, P218 HUTT C, 1964, NATURE, V204, P908, DOI 10.1038/204908a0 IWASAKI K, 1989, OCCUP THER J RES, V9, P170 KINNEALE.M, 1973, AM J OCCUP THER, V27, P464 Kinsbourne M, 1980, J Dev Behav Pediatr, V1, P39 KREITLER S, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P550 LARRINGTON G, 1987, SENSORY INTEGRATIVE, P101 LARSON KA, 1982, AM J OCCUP THER, V36, P590 LOVAAS I, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-45 Pally S, 1955, J PERS, V23, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1955.tb01161.x REISMAN J, 1993, AM J OCCUP THER, V47, P403 Reisman J. E., 1992, SENSORY INTEGRATION RITVO ER, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P341 Royeen C. B., 1991, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P108 ROYEEN C B, 1987, Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, V7, P29 Sparrow S., 1985, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE NR 28 TC 66 Z9 67 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 1383 PICCARD DRIVE PO BOX ROCKVILLE, MD 20850-4375 SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA WD205 UT WOS:A1997WD20500003 PM 9124275 ER PT J AU Piven, J Palmer, P Jacobi, D Childress, D Arndt, S AF Piven, J Palmer, P Jacobi, D Childress, D Arndt, S TI Broader autism phenotype: Evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; PARENTS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; TWIN; UTAH AB Objective: Studies of families ascertained through a single autistic proband suggest that the genetic liability for autism may be expressed in nonautistic relatives in a phenotype that is milder but qualitatively similar to the defining features of autism. The objective of this study was to examine behaviors that may define this broader phenotype in relatives ascertained through two autistic siblings. Method: The authors used a semistructured family history interview to compare the rates of social and communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors in relatives ascertained through two autistic siblings (families with multiple-incidence autism; 25 families) with the rates in relatives of Down syndrome probands (30 families). Results: Higher rates of social and communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors were found in the relatives in the families with multiple-incidence autism. Conclusions: These data suggest that further studies should be undertaken to delineate the boundaries of the broader autism phenotype and that this broader phenotype should be included in some future genetic analyses of this disorder. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RI Arndt, Stephan/A-6976-2013 OI Arndt, Stephan/0000-0003-0783-8204 CR ANDREASEN NC, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P1229 ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 *OFF POP CENS SURV, 1980, BRIT MAN CLASS OCC PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STUTSMAN R, 1952, GUIDE ADMINISTERING SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x SZATMARI P, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P282, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600405 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 CAT F00 F99 M WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x NR 28 TC 322 Z9 330 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 154 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WF150 UT WOS:A1997WF15000008 PM 9016266 ER PT J AU Legrand, F DanionGrillat, A GrasVincendon, A AF Legrand, F DanionGrillat, A GrasVincendon, A TI Rett syndrome SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE Rett syndrome; review ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH FAILURE; ABNORMALITIES; BRAIN; CHROMOSOME; PATTERN; METABOLISM; PATIENT; AUTISM AB Described for the first time about thirty years ago, the Rett syndrome was since that time the subject of a vast number of scientific works but its pathogenesis remains puzzling. Rett syndrome has been classified by the, WHO among rite pervasive developmental disorders. Autistic disorder represents one of the main differential diagnosis of the initial clinical stages. A genetic determination seems probable. The progress in the knowledge of neurodevelopment have recently open Icp interesting prospects for the research. C1 HOP UNIV STRASBOURG,SERV PSYCHOTHERAP ENFANTS & ADOLESCENTS,F-67091 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RP Legrand, F (reprint author), CTR HOSP SPECIALISE,SERV ENFANTS,BP 629,RUE CALMETTE,F-57206 SARREGUEMINES,FRANCE. CR AKESSON HO, 1995, CLIN GENET, V48, P169 ANVRET M, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P88, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979733 ARMSTRONG D, 1995, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V54, P195, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199503000-00006 ARMSTRONG D, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V36, P530 ARMSTRONG DD, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS89 *ASS FRANC SYNDR R, 1993, SYNDR RETT BADER G, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P72 BAUMAN ML, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P1581 BEEKMAN RP, 1994, EUR J PEDIATR, V153, P264, DOI 10.1007/s004310050133 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V5, P1509, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199407000-00025 CASANOVA MF, 1991, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN NE, V3, P67 CHABROL B, 1995, ARCH PEDIATRIE, V2, P783, DOI 10.1016/0929-693X(96)81250-4 CHIRON C, 1993, J NUCL MED, V34, P1717 CHRISTEN HJ, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P81, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979729 COOKE DW, 1995, HORM RES, V43, P273, DOI 10.1159/000184309 CORNFORD ME, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P424 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1990, J CHILD NEUROL, V5, P210 ELLISON KA, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V47, P1124, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320470736 ENGERSTROM IW, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P26 HAAS RH, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P98, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90197-X HAAS RH, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P95, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979735 HAGBERG B, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P4 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1995, ACTA PAEDIATR, V84, P971, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13809.x HAGBERG B, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS151 HAGBERG B, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P40 HAGBERG BA, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P5, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90082-5 HAMBERGER A, 1992, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V23, P212, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071344 HANEFELD F, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P126, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979742 Iyama C M, 1993, Adv Pediatr, V40, P217 JOHNSTON MV, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P119, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979740 KAUFMANN WE, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P109, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979738 KERR AM, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P67, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979725 KITT CA, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P114, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979739 KOZINETZ CA, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P445 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LEKMAN AY, 1991, PEDIATR NEUROL, V7, P186, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(91)90082-V LEONARD H, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V58, P282, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320580316 MARCUS CL, 1994, J PEDIATR-US, V125, P218, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70196-2 MIGEON BR, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P647 MOTIL KJ, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P315 MURAKAMI JW, 1992, AM J ROENTGENOL, V159, P177 NAIDU S, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P156, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90417-0 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 PHILIPPART M, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P229, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480411 PLIOPLYS AV, 1993, SOUTHERN MED J, V86, P1411, DOI 10.1097/00007611-199312000-00021 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P227, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340220 RETT A, 1966, CEREBRAL ATROPHISCHE, P1 *RETT SYNDR DIAGN, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 SCHULTZ RJ, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P633 SEKUL EA, 1994, J PEDIATR-US, V125, P80, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70128-8 TELVI L, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P602, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510461 ULDALL P, 1993, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V24, P339, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071568 UVEBRANT P, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V127, P80 WENK GL, 1993, DEV BRAIN RES, V74, P67, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90084-N NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0003-4487 J9 ANN MED-PSYCHOL JI Ann. Med.-Psychol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 155 IS 2 BP 102 EP 112 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA WM540 UT WOS:A1997WM54000002 ER PT J AU Reich, M Lenoir, P Malvy, J Perrot, A Sauvage, D AF Reich, M Lenoir, P Malvy, J Perrot, A Sauvage, D TI Tuberous sclerosis and autism. SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article DE tuberous sclerosis; autism ID CHILDREN; GENE AB Tuberous sclerosis is often associated with developmental and behavioural disorders including typical or partial autistic syndrome. However, it may be difficult to recognize tuberous sclerosis behind an infantile autism during the early stages of the disease. Therefore, tuberous sclerosis must be regularly looked for an the basis of its major and minor criteria in any cases of infantile autism. The child psychiatrist is preferentially involved in the management of the various aspects of this association, ie, behavioural or character disorders, difficulties in social relationships and communication, mental retardation, feeding disorders, and psychological consequences for the families. The support provided may be complemented by that offered by the Association for Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. C1 CTR OSCAR LAMBRET,F-59020 LILLE,FRANCE. CHU LA MILETRIE,SERV UNIV PSYCHIAT ENFANT & ADOLESCENT,F-86021 POITIERS,FRANCE. CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BOURNEVILLE DM, 1880, ARCH NEUROL-PARIS, V1, P69 CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x CURATOLO P, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P550 DEBRE R, 1952, Arch Fr Pediatr, V9, P342 DICK AR, 1967, J KANS MED SCO, V68, P105 NELLIST M, 1993, CELL, V75, P1305 FINLAYSON A, 1955, J AM ACAD SCI ADOLES, V59, P617 FISHER W, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V26, P700 FRYER AE, 1987, LANCET, V1, P659 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 Gomez MR, 1988, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS HUNT A, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P190 HUNT A, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P346 JANSSEN LAJ, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P306, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37772.x LAGOS JC, 1967, MAYO CLIN PROC, V42, P26 LAWLOR BA, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P396, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.3.396 MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 OLIVER BE, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P560 PAMPIGLIONE G, 1976, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V39, P666, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.39.7.666 POUSERRADELL A, 1979, REV NEUROL, V135, P693 RIIKONEN R, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P203 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0929-693X J9 ARCH PEDIATRIE JI Arch. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 4 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0929-693X(97)86165-9 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WJ959 UT WOS:A1997WJ95900012 PM 9097830 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S Baldwin, DA Crowson, M AF BaronCohen, S Baldwin, DA Crowson, M TI Do children with autism use the speaker's direction of gaze strategy to crack the code of language? SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT British-Philosophical-Society Conference on the Origins of Reference CY DEC, 1993 CL BRISTOL, ENGLAND SP Brit Philos Soc HO UNIV BRISTOL, DEPT PHILOS ID DOMAIN SPECIFICITY; INFANTS ABILITY; MIND; ATTENTION; BELIEFS; DELAY AB Normal toddlers infer the referent of a novel word by consulting the speaker's direction of gaze. That is, they use the Speaker's Direction of Gaze (SDG) strategy. This is a far more powerful strategy than the alternative, the Listener's Direction of Gaze (LDG) strategy. In Study 1 we tested if children with autism, who have well-documented impairments in joint attention, used the SDG or the LDG strategy to learn a novel word for a novel object. Results showed that although 70.6% of children with mental handicap passed the test by making the correct mapping between a novel word and a novel object, via the SDG strategy, only 29.4% of children with autism did so. Instead, their reliance on the LDG strategy led to mapping errors. In Study 2 a group of normal children, whose chronological age (24 months old) was equated with the verbal mental age of the 2 clinical groups in Study 1, was tested using a similar procedure. Results showed that 79% of this normal group passed the test by making the correct mapping between a novel word and a novel object using the SDG strategy. Taken together, the results from both studies suggest that children with autism are relatively insensitive to a speaker's gaze direction as an index of the speaker's intention to refer. This result is consistent with previous findings showing that children with autism are relatively ''blind'' to the mentalistic significance of the eyes. Discussion centers on how the absence of an SDG strategy might disrupt specific aspects of language development in autism. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT PSYCHIAT, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB, ENGLAND. UNIV OREGON, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. UNIV MIAMI, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL, DOWNING ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB, ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baldwin D. A., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS BALDWIN DA, 1993, J CHILD LANG, V20, P395 BALDWIN DA, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P832, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.5.832 BALDWIN DA, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P875, DOI 10.2307/1131140 Baron- Cohen S., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P185, DOI 10.1017/ S0954579400000377 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, ROLE JOINT ATTENTION BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen S, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS HDB AUTISM BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P158, DOI DOI 10.1192/BJP.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 BISHOP D, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING Butterworth G., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN CHANCE M.R.A, 1956, BRIT JOUR ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, V4, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0950-5601(56)80010-5 CHARMAN T, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P287, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90013-6 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x COLLIS G, 1977, STUDIES MOTHER INFAN FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 LEEKAM S, IN PRESS BRIT J DEV LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 Markman Ellen M., 1989, CATEGORIZATION NAMIN MARKMAN EM, 1992, MINN SYM CHILD PSYCH, V25, P59 Ozonoff S, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 Pinker S., 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT Quine W.V.O., 1960, WORD OBJECT Reynell J, 1987, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE RUSSELL J, 1996, BODY SELF SCAIFE M, 1975, NATURE, V253, P265, DOI 10.1038/253265a0 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Swettenham J G, 1996, Cogn Neuropsychiatry, V1, P73, DOI 10.1080/135468096396712 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Tan J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P163, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000055 TOMASELLO M, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOL Tomasello M., 1988, LANG SCI, V10, P69, DOI 10.1016/0388-0001(88)90006-X Tomasello Michael, 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN NR 54 TC 163 Z9 173 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0009-3920 EI 1467-8624 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 PG 10 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WP258 UT WOS:A1997WP25800005 PM 9084124 ER PT J AU RumeauRouquette, C Grandjean, H Cans, C DuMazaubrun, C Verrier, A AF RumeauRouquette, C Grandjean, H Cans, C DuMazaubrun, C Verrier, A TI Prevalence and time trends of disabilities in school-age children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prevalence; time trends; schoolchildren; disabilities; France ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; CHANGING PANORAMA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SWEDEN 1954-1970; BIRTH-WEIGHT AB Background. Although the evolution of the prevalence of cerebral palsy is now well documented, much less is known about the evolution of the prevalence of other disabilities such as mental retardation, sensorial defects, autism and psychosis. The aim of this paper is to determine those trends. Methods. A population-based survey was carried out in 1992-1993 in three French 'departements'. All disabled children born between 1976 and 1985 and receiving a special education and/or financial assistance were systematically registered. Results. The comparison of three cohorts of children born in 1976-1978, 1979-1981 and 1982-1984 using the test for trend in proportion showed a significant decrease (P=0.03) in the prevalence of severe mental retardation, after exclusion of Down syndrome. This decrease was significant for severe mental retardation associated with psychosis. The time trend prevalence for cerebral palsy increased (P=0.03) but was irregular. The time trend prevalence of other disabilities (other motor defects, severe sensorial disabilities, autism and psychosis) did not change significantly. A detailed analysis of severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy was performed by geographical area, age at first registration and type of disability. Conclusion. The increase in prevalence of cerebral palsy is possibly due to earlier registration of disabled children. The decrease in prevalence of severe mental retardation does not seem to be due to recruitment bias, but there is a possibility of classification bias. C1 HOP GRAVE TOULOUSE,INSERM,CJF 94 04,F-31052 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RHEOP,F-38000 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP RumeauRouquette, C (reprint author), INSERM,U149,123 BLVD PORT ROYAL,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RI Cans, Christine/M-6153-2014 OI Cans, Christine/0000-0003-3071-9959 CR [Anonymous], 1991, CONG MALF WORLDW ARMITAGE P, 1994, STAT METHODS MED RES, P402 DRILLIEN CM, 1966, ARCH DIS CHILD, V41, P528 *EUROCAT WORK GROU, 1995, SURV CONG AN EUR 198 FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 FRYERS T, 1979, EARLY HUM DEV, V3, P277, DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(79)90037-9 GOUJARD J, 1995, REGISTRE MALFORMATIO HAGBERG B, 1993, ACTA PAEDIATR, V82, P387, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12704.x HAGBERG B, 1984, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V73, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09951.x HAGBERG G, 1976, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V65, P403, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1976.tb04906.x HAGBERG B, 1975, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V64, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1975.tb03821.x KIELY M, 1987, EPIDEMIOL REV, V9, P194 KRAGELOHMANN I, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P473 KUSHLICK A, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P748 LAGERGREN J, 1981, ACTA PAEDIATR SC S, P289 MISES R, 1990, CLASSIFICATION FRANC MLIKA A, 1993, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V41, P44 *OXF REG EARL CHIL, 1994, ANN REP PHAROAH POD, 1990, ARCH DIS CHILD, V65, P602 PHAROAH POD, 1987, ARCH DIS CHILD, V62, P379 Rantakallio P, 1988, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, V2, P59, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x RIISE R, 1992, ACTA OPHTHALMOL, V70, P145 RUMEAUROUQUETTE C, 1992, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V21, P359, DOI 10.1093/ije/21.2.359 RUMEAUROUQUETTE C, 1994, PREVALENCE HANDICAPS STANLEY FJ, 1992, BRIT MED J, V304, P1658 STANLEY FJ, 1981, EARLY HUM DEV, V5, P167, DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(81)90049-9 STANLEY FJ, 1988, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V158, P89 STANLEY FJ, 1994, EPIDEMIOLOGY CHILDHO, P473 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1093/ije/26.1.137 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WQ668 UT WOS:A1997WQ66800016 PM 9126513 ER PT J AU Denis, D Burillon, C Livet, MO Burguiere, O AF Denis, D Burillon, C Livet, MO Burguiere, O TI Ophthalmologic findings in the autistic child SO JOURNAL FRANCAIS D OPHTALMOLOGIE LA French DT Article DE autism; astigmatism; strabismus AB Purpose Autism is a clinical entity defined by characteristic association of a lack of social interactions and communications, beginning before three years of age. The purpose of this study was to screen ophthalmologic findings in autistic children. Materials and methods Ten autistic children, 6 girls and 4 boys, underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Hospital La Timone, Marseilles, France. Their age ranged from I to 14 years (mean = 8.5 +/- 3.8). Results Refraction showed hypermetropia in 7 cases (70 %), astigmatism move than I diopter in 6 cases (60 %), bilateral astigmatism in 4 cases (40 %) and unilateral astigmatism in 2 cases (20 %). Astigmatism axis was oblique for 8 eyes, with the rule of 6 eyes and against the rule for 2 eyes. Strabismus was present in 6 cases (60 %) including 4 cases of exotropia. Fundus examination found pallor of the optic disc in 4 cases. Conclusion Ophthalmologic findings in autistic children appear to be mainly unilateral or bilateral astigmatism and binocular vision troubles. They can lend to amblyopia with the risk of functional loss of vision. Early diagnosis of vistial problems in autistic children is also essential in order to be able to propose adequate psychological and educational caves for the children and their family. RP Denis, D (reprint author), HOP ENFANTS LA TIMONE,DEPT STRABOL & OPHTALMOPEDIAT,27 BD JEAN MOULIN,F-13385 MARSEILLE 5,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th AMOS CS, 1977, AM J OPTOM PHYS OPT, V54, P234 BADER D, 1980, AM J OPTOM PHYS OPT, V57, P447 BOTHE N, 1991, KLIN MONATSBL AUGENH, V198, P509, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1046023 BURRONMADIGNIER M, 1986, B SOC OPHTHALMOL FR, V86, P117 CLEMENT MC, 1995, AUTISMES NEUROPEDIAT COURTNEY GR, 1971, AMER J OPT ARCH AM A, V48, P492 DANIEL D, 1987, J FR ORHTOPT, V19, P163 DESCHONEN S, 1994, MARDAGA, P487 Douche C, 1990, Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr, V90, P59 Douche C, 1989, Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr, V89, P1335 FERRER J A, 1975, Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology, V12, P157 HAUGEN OH, 1995, ACTA OPHTHALMOL SCAN, V73, P129 HIRSCH M, 1959, J OPTOM ARCH AM ACAD, V36, P12 JACOBSON L, 1988, ACTA OPHTHALMOL, V66, P457 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LALORD G, 1990, AUTISME ENFANT LEVY B, 1984, AM J OPTOM PHYS OPT, V61, P324 LIVET MO, 1995, AUTISMES POINT VUE N Maino D M, 1990, J Am Optom Assoc, V61, P707 MANLEY JN, 1970, AMER J OPT ARCH AM A, V47, P236 MESSERSCHMITT P, 1989, REV PEDIATRE, V4, P19 ORELBIXLER D, 1989, OPTOMETRY VISION SCI, V66, P530, DOI 10.1097/00006324-198908000-00007 PERROT A, 1990, J J PEDIATRIE PUERIC, V9, P475 PIGASSOUALBOUY R, 1981, REFLEXES OPTOMOTEURS PIGASSOUALBOUY R, 1992, STRABISMES, V2 PIGASSOUALBOUY R, 1991, STRABISMES TOME PREM PRATTJOHNSON JA, 1977, CAN J OPHTHALMOL, V12, P258 Preslan MW, 1996, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V103, P105 Pugh M A, 1934, Br J Ophthalmol, V18, P446, DOI 10.1136/bjo.18.8.446 RODLER H, 1965, KLIN MBL AUGENHEILK, V176, P273 ROTH A, 1995, MASSON SATTERFIELD D, 1993, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V111, P1100 SPIELMANN A, 1989, STRABISMES ANAL CLIN, P12 URVOY M, 1992, OPHTHALMOLOGIE ENFAN, P171 VONNORDEN G, 1974, BINOCULAR VISION 11, P205 WARBURG M, 1964, INT COP C SCI STUD M, V2, P779 WOODRUFF ME, 1980, AM J OPTOM PHYS OPT, V57, P70 ZECCHINI M, 1974, B OCUL S4, V73, P513 Zenatti C, 1989, Ophtalmologie, V3, P164 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0181-5512 J9 J FR OPHTALMOL JI J. Fr. Ophthamol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WK954 UT WOS:A1997WK95400003 PM 9099268 ER PT J AU Keel, JH Mesibov, GB Woods, AV AF Keel, JH Mesibov, GB Woods, AV TI TEACCH-supported employment program SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB Division TEACCH has sewed over 100 persons with autism through its supported employment program. Three models of supported employment are utilized: individual placement model, dispersed enclave model, and mobile crew model. Within each of these models there is an emphasis on utilizing individual strengths and interests, identifying appropriate jobs, and providing extensive long-term support A retention rate of 89% demonstrates the success of the program which is due in large part to the broad away of long-term support services that are provided. RP Keel, JH (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. CR MANK DM, 1990, SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT, P289 MCGAUGHEY MJ, 1994, WORKSHOP NATL PERSPE Rusch FR, 1980, VOCATIONAL TRAINING SHAFER MS, 1991, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V1, P9 SOWERS J, 1979, VOCATIONAL REHABILIT, P181 Wehman P, 1981, COMPETITIVE EMPLOYME WEHMAN P, 1989, EMERGING TRENDS NATL 1984, FED REG 0925 NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1023/A:1025813020229 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WG112 UT WOS:A1997WG11200002 PM 9018578 ER PT J AU Jarrold, C Russell, J AF Jarrold, C Russell, J TI Counting abilities in autism: Possible implications for central coherence theory SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID MIND AB We examined the claim that children with autism have a ''weak drive for central coherence'' which biases them towards processing information at an analytic rather than global level. This was done by investigating whether children with autism would rapidly and automatically enumerate a number of dots presented in a canonical form, or count each dot individually to obtain the total. The time taken to count stimuli was compared across three participant groups: children with autism, children with moderate learning difficulties, and normally developing children. There were 22 children in each group, and individuals were matched across groups on the basis of verbal mental age. Results implied that children with autism did show a tendency towards an analytic level of processing. However, though the groups differed on measures of counting speeds, the number or children showing patterns of global or analytic processing did not differ significantly across the groups. Whether these results implicate a weak drive for central coherence in autism, which is both specific to, and pervasive in the disorder, is discussed. RP Jarrold, C (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. CR CASE R, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P386, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 CHI MTH, 1975, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V19, P434, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(75)90072-7 DEHAENE S, 1992, COGNITION, V44, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90049-N Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x Harris R. J., 1975, PRIMER MULTIVARIATE KAUFMAN EL, 1949, AM J PSYCHOL, V62, P498, DOI 10.2307/1418556 MANDLER G, 1982, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V111, P1, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.111.1.1 OBRIEN RG, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P570, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.89.3.570 Russell J., 1996, AGENCY ITS ROLE MENT Russell J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01459.x SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Siegel S., 1988, NONPARAMETRIC STAT B TRICK LM, 1993, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V19, P331, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.19.2.331 TRICK LM, 1994, PSYCHOL REV, V101, P80, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.101.1.80 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU NR 22 TC 36 Z9 39 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1023/A:1025817121137 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WG112 UT WOS:A1997WG11200004 PM 9018580 ER PT J AU Kasari, C Sigman, M AF Kasari, C Sigman, M TI Linking parental perceptions to interactions in young children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INTEROBSERVER AGREEMENT; JOINT ATTENTION; STRESS; MOTHERS; GENERALIZABILITY; RELIABILITY; TEMPERAMENT; ADULTS AB This study examines the relation of parental perceptions and observed parent-child interactive behaviors, Samples observed included normally developing children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation who were equivalent on mental age. Parental perceptions of children's temperament and parental feelings of parenting stress were examined. Results indicated that parental perceptions of autistic children's behavior were more often linked to actual child and parental behaviors than in the comparison samples. Parents who reported their autistic children as more difficult in temperamental style had children who were less engaged during a social game with the parent and less responsive in interaction with an experimenter Parents who reported greater stress had autistic children who were less responsive in social interactions with others. RP Kasari, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,GRAD SCH EDUC,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. CR Abidin R. R., 1983, PARENTING STRESS IND ALGINA J, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P135 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BELL RQ, 1971, DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P63, DOI 10.1037/h0030374 BERK RA, 1979, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P460 BOUMA R, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P722, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199011)46:6<722::AID-JCLP2270460605>3.0.CO;2-6 Bristol M., 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED CAREY WB, 1978, PEDIATRICS, V61, P735 DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 Dumas J. E., 1991, EXCEPTIONALITY, V2, P97, DOI [10.1080/09362839109524770, DOI 10.1080/09362839109524770] HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 HUNTINGTON GS, 1987, J REPROD INFANT PSYC, V5, P105 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KASARI C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004491 KASARI C, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P353, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00997.x KASARI C, 1988, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V16, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF00910499 KOEGEL RL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF01058151 Krug D. A., 1979, AUTISM DIAGNOSIS INS LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MITCHELL SK, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P376, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.376 MUNDY P, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P235, DOI 10.2307/1130406 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x Park Clara Claiborne, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM, P81 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SELTZER MM, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P496 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 THOMAS A, 1982, CIBA F SYMP, V89, P168 Tronick E. Z., 1986, AFFECTIVE DEV INFANC, P11 WOLF LC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02212727 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x ZARLING CL, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P178 NR 34 TC 111 Z9 115 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 39 EP 57 DI 10.1023/A:1025869105208 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WG112 UT WOS:A1997WG11200005 PM 9018581 ER PT J AU Ozonoff, S Strayer, DL AF Ozonoff, S Strayer, DL TI Inhibitory function in nonretarded children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID REDUCED COGNITIVE INHIBITION; CARD SORTING TEST; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEFICITS; MIND; MEN AB This study examined inhibitory function in nonretarded children with autism (n = 13) and normally developing controls (n = 13) matched on age and IQ. Task measuring motor and cognitive components of inhibition were administered to both groups. On the Stop-Signal paradigm, children with autism were able to inhibit motor responses to neutral and prepotent stimuli as well as control subjects. On the Negative Priming task, the groups were equally capable of inhibiting processing of irrelevant distracter stimuli in a visual display. Results suggest that at least two components of inhibition are spared in individuals with autism, standing in contrast to flexibility and other executive deficits that have been found in previous studies. These findings may help distinguish children with autism from those with other neurodevelopmental conditions that involve executive dysfunction. RP Ozonoff, S (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,502 BEHAV SCI BLDG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. CR AMAN CJ, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOL American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BEECH A, 1989, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V28, P109 BOND JA, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V40, P1251, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198409)40:5<1251::AID-JCLP2270400522>3.0.CO;2-I BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 BURACK JA, 1995, SOC RES CHILD DEV IN Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd COLONIUS H, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P309, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.97.2.309 Dehaene S, 1991, CEREB CORTEX, V1, P62, DOI 10.1093/cercor/1.1.62 ENRIGHT SJ, 1993, BRIT J CLIN PSYCHOL, V32, P67 FRIEDRICH FJ, 1996, THEORETICAL FDN CLIN, P59 GRANT DA, 1948, J EXP PSYCHOL, V38, P404, DOI 10.1037/h0059831 Harris P., 1993, Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism Heaton RK, 1981, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Kucera H., 1967, COMPUTATIONAL ANAL P LITROWNIK AJ, 1986, INFORMATION PROCESSI, P169 Logan Gordon D., 1994, P189 LOGAN GD, 1984, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V10, P276, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.10.2.276 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MCLAREN J, 1989, THESIS DALHOUSIE U H NEILL WT, 1990, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V48, P398, DOI 10.3758/BF03206694 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 OZONOFF S, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P491, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.4.491 OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 Pennington B. F., 1996, ATTENTION MEMORY EXE, P327 Pennington B.F, 1994, FUTURE ORIENTED PROC, P243 PERRINE K, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P461, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402571 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RINCOVER A, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P422 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 SCHACHAR R, 1990, DEV PSYCHOL, V26, P710, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.26.5.710 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 Houghton George, 1994, P53 TIPPER SP, 1985, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V37, P571 VANDERDOES AJW, 1992, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V12, P567, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(92)90132-R NR 42 TC 131 Z9 133 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 77 DI 10.1023/A:1025821222046 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WG112 UT WOS:A1997WG11200006 PM 9018582 ER PT J AU Volkmar, F AF Volkmar, F TI Ask the Editor SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ARGUMENT; DEBATE; AUTISM RP Volkmar, F (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT GILLBERG C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00357.x HAPPE F, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00356.x KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x TOWBIN K, 1994, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, V3, P149 VANDERGAAG RJ, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1096, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00021 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00358.x NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1023/A:1025877307025 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WG112 UT WOS:A1997WG11200009 PM 9018585 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, T Tayama, M Miyazaki, M Yoneda, Y Yoshimoto, T Harada, M Miyoshi, H Tanouchi, M Kuroda, Y AF Hashimoto, T Tayama, M Miyazaki, M Yoneda, Y Yoshimoto, T Harada, M Miyoshi, H Tanouchi, M Kuroda, Y TI Differences in brain metabolites between patients with autism and mental retardation as detected by in vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MR SPECTROSCOPY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DOWNS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; ADULTS; ABNORMALITIES AB We performed volume-selective proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) of the brain with a 1.5 T magnet in 28 patients with autism, and compared the results with those from 28 age-matched patients with unclassified mental retardation and 25 age-matched healthy children. Peaks for N-acetylaspartate, choline and creatine, but not lactate, were observed in each group on H-1-MRS. The N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was lower in patients with mental retardation than in patients with autism and controls (P = .05, respectively). However, there were no differences in the N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios between patients with autism and controls, and the N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine ratios did not differ among the three groups. These results suggest that N-acetylaspartate is decreased in patients with mental retardation and that a disorder or dysfunction of neurons in the brain exists. There also appear to be differences in the brain lesions or dysfunctions found in patients with autism and mental retardation. C1 UNIV TOKUSHIMA, DEPT PEDIAT, TOKUSHIMA 770, JAPAN. UNIV TOKUSHIMA, DEPT RADIOL, TOKUSHIMA 770, JAPAN. UNIV TOKUSHIMA, SCH MED SCI, DEPT RADIOL TECHNOL, TOKUSHIMA 770, JAPAN. RP Hashimoto, T (reprint author), NCNP, NATL CTR HOSP MENTAL NERVOUS & MUSCULAR DISORDERS, DIV CLIN PSYCHOL & COUNSELING SERV, KODAIRA, TOKYO 187, JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARNOLD DL, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V31, P235, DOI 10.1002/ana.410310302 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 DEVOLDER A, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P581 BOWEN BC, 1995, AM J NEURORADIOL, V16, P61 BREITER SN, 1994, AM J NEURORADIOL, V15, P373 BRUHN H, 1992, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V16, P335, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199205000-00001 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1984, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V59, P238, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(84)90063-7 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 DAWSON G, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P493, DOI 10.1007/BF02211869 ENJYOHJI M, 1992, ENJYOJJISIKI NYUYO U FELDMAN DSJ, 1987, STATVIEW 2 STATVIEW GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GEORGE MS, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 GILLBERG C, 1993, CLIN DEV MED, V126 HASHIMOTO T, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P94 HORROCKS LA, 1967, J LIPID RES, V8, P569 HUGG JW, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P788, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340606 HUTTENLO.PR, 1974, NEUROLOGY, V24, P203 JAVIK JG, 1993, RADIOLOGY, V186, P739 KEMPER TL, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P43 KRUSE B, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V36, P595, DOI 10.1002/ana.410360408 LOGDBERG B, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P459 MATTHEWS PM, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P985 MENON DK, 1992, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V16, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199207000-00007 MURATA T, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V34, P290, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90086-S NADLER JV, 1972, J NEUROCHEM, V19, P313, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01341.x Ogawa T, 1982, No To Shinkei, V34, P981 OTT D, 1993, RADIOLOGY, V186, P745 PEDEN CJ, 1990, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V14, P886, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199011000-00004 PETROFF OAC, 1992, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V206, P137, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(92)90014-H PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PURPURA DP, 1974, SCIENCE, V186, P1126, DOI 10.1126/science.186.4169.1126 PURPURA DP, 1975, ADV NEUROL, V12, P91 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 SCHIFTER T, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P155 SHIINO A, 1993, SURG NEUROL, V39, P143, DOI 10.1016/0090-3019(93)90093-G SIEGEL BV, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P406 SMITH ME, 1990, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V76, P235, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90018-F SUZUKI J, 1956, JISSAITEKI KOBETSUTE TAKASHIMA S, 1981, BRAIN RES, V225, P1, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90314-0 TSUMORI M, 1961, NYUYOUJI SEISINHATTA TZIKA AA, 1993, AM J NEURORADIOL, V14, P1267 VANDERKNAAP MS, 1990, RADIOLOGY, V176, P509 VANDERKNAAP MS, 1992, ANN NEUROL, V31, P202, DOI 10.1002/ana.410310211 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P924 NR 49 TC 26 Z9 27 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA WM892 UT WOS:A1997WM89200004 PM 9075017 ER PT J AU Ehlers, S Nyden, A Gillberg, C Sandberg, AD Dahlgren, SO Hjelmquist, E Oden, A AF Ehlers, S Nyden, A Gillberg, C Sandberg, AD Dahlgren, SO Hjelmquist, E Oden, A TI Asperger syndrome, autism and attention disorders: A comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120 children SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger syndrome; ADHD; WISC-R; children ID 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; DEFICITS; MIND; MOTOR; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; PRESCHOOL; CHILDHOOD; VALIDITY AB The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R,) was applied (in a Swedish version) in 120 children with Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, and attention disorders. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the WISC's discriminating ability was investigated. The overall rate of correct diagnostic classification was 63%. Further, WISC profiles were analysed within each group. The group with autistic disorder was characterised by a peak on Block Design. The Asperger syndrome group bad good verbal ability and troughs on Object Assembly and Coding. The group with attention disorders had troughs on Coding and Arithmetic. The results suggest that Kaufman's Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation and Freedom from Distractibility factors rather than verbal IQ and performance IQ account for the variance on the WISC. furthermore, the Asperger syndrome and autistic disorder groups differed in respect of ''fluid'' and ''crystallised'' cognitive ability. RP Ehlers, S (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,SECT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,ANNEDALS CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR ALLEN MH, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02206872 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 AYRES AJ, 1974, SO CALIFORNIA SENSOR BAILEY AJ, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P7 Barkley RA, 1990, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V2nd Baron-Cohen S., 1995, MIND BLINDNESS ESSAY BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Bradley J.V., 1968, DISTRIBUTION FREE ST CATTELL RB, 1971, FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOL T EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FRITH U, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P33 GILLBERG C, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE GILLBERG C, 1992, CLIN DEV MED, V126 GILLBERG C, 1982, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V23, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00058.x GILLBERG C, 1982, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V71, P121, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09382.x GILLBERG C, 1996, HYPERACTIVITY DISORD, P473 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P14 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GREEN LE, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kaufman A. S., 1979, INTELLIGENT TESTING Kaufman A.S., 1990, ASSESSING ADOLESCENT KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x Kline P., 1991, INTELLIGENCE PSYCHOM LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LINCOLN AJ, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x POMEROY J, 1987, 36 ANN M AM AC CHILD RAMBERG C, IN PRESS EUROPEAN J RASMUSSEN P, 1983, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V25, P315 Rourke B.P., 1988, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V2, P293, DOI 10.1080/13854048808403271 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 *SCB, 1980, STAT YB SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x STREINER DL, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P191 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WECHSLER D, 1977, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC *WHO, 1990, INT CLASS DIS DIS WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P5 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Witkin H. A., 1981, COGNITIVE STYLES ESS WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 58 TC 124 Z9 128 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01855.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WN411 UT WOS:A1997WN41100007 PM 9232467 ER PT J AU Miller, JN Ozonoff, S AF Miller, JN Ozonoff, S TI Did Asperger's cases have Asperger Disorder? A research note SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger Disorder; subtype validity; diagnostic criteria ID AUTISM; CONVERGENCE AB With publication of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV), standardized criteria for Asperger Disorder, a putative subtype of Pervasive Developmental Disorder, are now available. This paper examines the four cases Asperger originally presented in his seminal paper(1991/1944), using DSM-IV criteria to determine whether a diagnosis of Autistic or Asperger Disorder is most appropriate. We found that all four cases met DSM-IV criteria for Autistic Disorder, rather than Asperger Disorder. This suggests that the syndrome Asperger originally described may not be captured by present diagnostic criteria. Implications for future research are discussed. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H., 1979, COMMUNICATION, V13, P45 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GREEN J, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P743 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x Schopler E, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02276238 SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 SZATMARI P, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1662, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 *WHO, 1992, INT CLASS DIS DIS DR Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WING L, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P513, DOI 10.1007/BF01531716 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 23 TC 109 Z9 109 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WN411 UT WOS:A1997WN41100010 PM 9232470 ER PT J AU Deb, S Prasad, KBG Seth, H Eagles, JM AF Deb, S Prasad, KBG Seth, H Eagles, JM TI A comparison of obstetric and neonatal complications between children with autistic disorder and their siblings SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; mental retardation; obstetric optimality ID REDUCED OPTIMALITY; PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; POPULATION; PERIODS AB Sixty-one children had a diagnosis of autistic disorder according to the DSM3-R criteria in a population based study of mentally retarded children between the ages of 5 and 19 years in the Aberdeen city area of Scotland. Obstetric case records were traced for 36 out of these 61 autistic children. The obstetric case records of siblings of 30 of these autistic children were also traced. Modified versions of Prechtl's obstetric optimality scale along with that of Parnas were used to score pre-, peri- and neonatal obsteric complications in the autistic group and their normal sibling controls. A Spearman's correlation coefficient test between the scores of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Obstetric and Neonatal Complication (ONC) scores of all autistic children did not reveal any significant correlation. However, among the 20 severe autistic children, Spearman's test showed significant correlation between the scores of CARS and some ONC scores. Overall, no statistically significant difference between the autistic children and their siblings in the scores of obstetric optimality was detected by using the Wilcoxon test. C1 DRYBURN HOSP,DURHAM DH1 5TW,ENGLAND. ROYAL CORNHILL HOSP,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP Deb, S (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL MED,WELSH CTR LEARNING DISABIL,HEATH PK,CARDIFF CF4 4XN,S GLAM,WALES. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x BRYSON SE, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P418, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00006 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DEB S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P395, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.3.395 DEYKIN EY, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P860 EAGLES JM, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1139, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91136-X FINEGAN JA, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb00492.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GILLBERG C, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P87, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00624.x GILLBERG C, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P230 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 GOODMAN R, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P809, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00820.x KNOBLOCH H, 1956, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V161, P581 PARNAS J, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V140, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.140.4.416 PRECHTL HFR, 1967, BRIT MED J, V4, P763 RAO JM, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P59 SCHOPLER E, 1988, CHILDHOOD AUSTISM RA TSAI LY, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00680.x PN 1 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA WN139 UT WOS:A1997WN13900010 PM 9089463 ER PT J AU Ghaziuddin, M AF Ghaziuddin, M TI Autism in Down's syndrome: Family history correlates SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Down's syndrome; autism; mental retardation ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SYNDROME CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR AB Although the association of autism with Down's syndrome is said to be uncommon, several reports have described the co-occurrence of the two disorders. This report describes three additional cases of Down's syndrome with autism. In all the patients, a history suggestive of the broader phenotype of autism was obtained in parents. This suggests that familial factors specific to autism may play an important role even when autism complicates a known medical condition such as Down's syndrome. RP Ghaziuddin, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,TAUBMAN CTR,BOX 0390,1500 E MED CTR DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BREGMAN JD, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P440, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00011 GATH A, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.2.156 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P49 GIBBS MV, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P601 Gibson D., 1978, DOWNS SYNDROME PSYCH GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GREEN JM, 1989, J MENT DEFIC RES, V33, P105 HOWLIN P, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P406 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LUND J, 1988, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V78, P369, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06350.x MYERS BA, 1991, J NERV MENT DIS, V179, P609, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199110000-00004 RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408 Taylor E, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P666 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 WARREN AC, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P202, DOI 10.1192/bjp.155.2.202 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Zellweger H., 1977, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V31, P367 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00681.x PN 1 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA WN139 UT WOS:A1997WN13900011 PM 9089464 ER PT J AU Bolton, PF Murphy, M Macdonald, H Whitlock, B Pickles, A Rutter, M AF Bolton, PF Murphy, M Macdonald, H Whitlock, B Pickles, A Rutter, M TI Obstetric complications in autism: Consequences or causes of the condition? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; obstetric complications; genetics ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BIRTH-ORDER; TWIN; AGE AB Objective: To determine whether and why obstetric complications are associated with autism. Method: Obstetric histories, obtained at maternal interview and coded as an optimality score (OS), were compared in two groups: 78 families containing an autistic proband (ICD-10 criteria) and 27 families containing a Down syndrome (DS) proband. The OS was examined in relation to offspring diagnosis, proband characteristics, and familial loading for autism and its phenotypic variants. Results: Autistic and DS probands had a significantly elevated OS compared with unaffected siblings, regardless of birth order position. The elevation was mainly due to an increase in mild as opposed to severe obstetric adversities. In autistic probands, the OS was best predicted by familial loading for autism and its phenotypic variants, but in the absence or this measure by the number of autistic symptoms. Among siblings of autistic probands affected with autism or its variants, the OS was best predicted by the probands' OS, and in its absence, by the measure of familial loading. In DS probands and siblings the OS was associated with increased maternal age, although this did not account for the OS elevation in DS probands. Conclusions: Rather than praying any principal ethological role, the obstetric adversities associated with autism either represent an epiphenomenon of the condition or derive from some shared risk factor(s). C1 GARTNAVEL ROYAL HOSP,ADOLESCENT UNIT,GLASGOW G12 0YN,LANARK,SCOTLAND. INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. RP Bolton, PF (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEV PSYCHIAT SECT,DOUGLAS HOUSE,18B TRUMPINGTON RD,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2AH,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; CR BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKAN P, 1971, NATURE, V229, P195, DOI 10.1038/229195a0 BOLTON P, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P152 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x DEYKIN EY, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P860 Folstein S., 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531816 JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02284760 PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 SCHOENBAUM SC, 1975, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V233, P151, DOI 10.1001/jama.233.2.151 SHAM PC, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P627, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.5.627 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x THOMSON AM, 1983, PERINATAL MORTALITY TSAI LY, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01531359 TSAI LY, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P180 WALDROP MF, 1971, EXCEPTIONAL INFANT S, V2, P343 Wing L., 1966, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI ZAX M, 1977, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V47, P218 NR 23 TC 95 Z9 97 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00018 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WD929 UT WOS:A1997WD92900019 PM 9031581 ER PT J AU Lainhart, JE Piven, J Wzorek, M Landa, R Santangelo, SL Coon, H Folstein, SE AF Lainhart, JE Piven, J Wzorek, M Landa, R Santangelo, SL Coon, H Folstein, SE TI Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; head circumference; macrocephaly ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; POSTNATAL FACTORS; SIZE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INTELLIGENCE; DISORDER AB Objective: To explore the frequency and onset of macrocephaly in autism and its relationship to clinical features. Method: Head circumferences at birth, during early childhood, and at the time of examination were studied in a community-based sample of autistic children and adults. The authors investigated whether head circumference at the time of examination was associated with clinical features. Results: Fourteen percent of the autistic subjects had macrocephaly: 11% of males and 24% of females. In most, the macrocephaly was not present at birth; in some it became apparent in early and middle childhood as a result of increased rate of head growth. A small relationship was noted between head circumference percentile and less severe core features of autism. Neither macrocephaly nor head circumference percentile was associated with nonverbal IQ, verbal status, seizure disorder, neurological soft signs, or minor physical anomalies in the autistic subjects. Conclusion: Macrocephaly is common in autism and usually is not present at birth. Rates of head growth may be abnormal in early and middle childhood in some (37%)' children with autism. Macrocephaly does not define a homogeneous subgroup of autistic individuals according to clinical features. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Lainhart, JE (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,INST NEUROPSYCHIAT,501 CHIPETA WAY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BUSHBY KMD, 1992, ARCH DIS CHILD, V67, P1286 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 DEMYER W, 1972, NEUROLOGY, V22, P634 FISHMAN MA, 1990, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, P1838 Gould Stephen Jay, 1981, MISMEASURE MAN, P73 GREEN MF, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V15, P91 GREENSTEIN MS, 1994, 44 ANN M AM SOC HUM HAMILL PVV, 1979, AM J CLIN NUTR, V32, P607 JONES GH, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V159, P435, DOI 10.1192/bjp.159.3.435 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF01531604 LUBCHENC.LO, 1966, PEDIATRICS, V37, P403 MASONBROTHERS A, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P514 MASONBROTHERS A, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P39, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198701000-00008 MCNEIL TF, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P517, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.4.517 MOSIER HD, 1965, PEDIATRICS, V36, P465 NELLHAUS G, 1968, PEDIATRICS, V41, P106 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 Roche A, 1992, GROWTH MATURATION BO ROCHE AF, 1987, PEDIATRICS, V79, P706 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 TANNER JM, 1990, FETUS MAN PHYSICAL G VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WALDROP MF, 1971, EXCEPTIONAL INFANT S, V2, P343 WEAVER DD, 1980, J PEDIATR-US, V96, P990, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80623-8 WEINBERG WA, 1974, J PEDIATR-US, V85, P482, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(74)80449-X WEINBERGER DR, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P672 NR 36 TC 239 Z9 241 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WD929 UT WOS:A1997WD92900020 PM 9031582 ER PT J AU Pallavicini, J AF Pallavicini, J TI The contributions of Professor Armando Roa to Chilean psychiatry SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE LA Spanish DT Article DE history of medicine, modern; psychiatry; education, medical AB Professor Armando Roa had an original conception of the clinical-phenomenological method of investigation in clinical psychiatry, differing from that applied in European clinical studies. Considering that the psychiatrist must rely on clinical facts, the generic features of symptoms must be studied and the way a symptom is lived must be specified. In this way, Professor Roa made fine descriptions of normal and pathological anxiety, obsessions, phobias, autism, larvate psychical forms of epilepsy, primitive perception of reference, psychopathy and anorexia nervosa. He created the concepts of communicative and indicative language, destroyed thinking and unwillingness in schizophrenics, notifying language in neurotics and awareness and notion of disease. He also made a new classification of alcoholics. He has published 28 books and 120 articles in journals. He performs outstanding undergraduate teaching and has powerfully influenced contemporary and younger psychiatrists. In summary, he is a prominent Chilean intellectual. C1 PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP Pallavicini, J (reprint author), UNIV CHILE,SANTIAGO,CHILE. CR FREUD S, 1966, ESQUEMAS PSICOANALIS MARDONES J, 1990, DISCURSO ACAD ROA A, 1990, DISCURSOS ACAD, P25 ROA A, 1985, REV PSIQUIATRIA CLIN, V22, P5 ROA A, 1969, REV PSIQUIATRIA CLIN, V7, P137 ROA A, 1990, DISCURSOS ACAD, P34 ROA A, 1971, MARIHUANA Roa A, 1974, DEMONIO PSIQUIATRIA ROA A, 1973, PROBLEMS PSICOPATOLO, P289 ROA A, 1981, PSIQUIATRIA, P243 ROK A, 1992, AO LUCO CULTUURA MED NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO PI SANTIAGO 9 PA BERNARDA MORIN 488 PROVIDENCIA, CASILLA 168 CORREO 55, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0034-9887 J9 REV MED CHILE JI Rev. Medica Chile PD FEB PY 1997 VL 125 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WU176 UT WOS:A1997WU17600019 PM 9430949 ER PT J AU Larkin, M AF Larkin, M TI Approaches to amelioration of autism in adulthood SO LANCET LA English DT News Item CR 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 18 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9046 BP 186 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60993-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WC861 UT WOS:A1997WC86100033 ER PT J AU Lappalainen, R Liewendahl, K Sainio, K Nikkinen, P Riikonen, RS AF Lappalainen, R Liewendahl, K Sainio, K Nikkinen, P Riikonen, RS TI Brain perfusion SPECT and EEG findings in Rett syndrome SO ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; seizure; SPECT; rCBF; hypoperfusion; EEG; SSW ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; PARTIAL EPILEPSY; TOMOGRAPHY; ABNORMALITIES; DIAGNOSIS; AUTISM; GIRLS; MRI; CT AB Thirteen patients (mean age 8.4 + 5.3 years) with Rett syndrome (RS) were studied with EEG and Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT. Eleven patients had background abnormalities and 10 patients paroxysmal activity in EEG. Hypoperfusion of varying severity was detected in 11 patients, 7 patients having multiple lesions. Bifrontal hypoperfusion, observed in 6 patients, was the most distinctive finding. Hypoperfusion was observed also in other cortical regions, except for the occipital lobes. There was no correlation between severity of the background abnormality or presence of paroxysmal activity in EEG and grade of hypoperfusion. There was, however, an association between the severity of hypoperfusion and early manifestation of symptoms in patients with RS. Whether this early-onset group of patients represents a different disease entity or only reflects disease variability the basic pathology being the same, is a possibility that deserves further clarification. C1 UNIV HELSINKI,CENT HOSP,DEPT LAB,DIV NUCL MED,HELSINKI,FINLAND. RP Lappalainen, R (reprint author), CHILDRENS CASTLE HOSP,DEPT CHILD NEUROL,LASTENLINNANTIE 2,FIN-00250 HELSINKI,FINLAND. CR ADAMS C, 1992, PEDIATR NEUROL, V8, P97, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90028-W Andersen A R, 1994, Acta Neurol Scand Suppl, V152, P129 ARMSTRONG DD, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P100, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979736 AUTTI T, 1992, PEDIATR NEUROL, V8, P121, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90032-T CHIRON C, 1993, J NUCL MED, V34, P1717 CHIRON C, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P707, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00450.x CHIRON C, 1992, J NUCL MED, V33, P696 CHUGANI HT, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P487, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220408 DENAYS R, 1992, J NUCL MED, V33, P485 *DIAGN CRIT WORK G, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 DIERCKX RA, 1992, EPILEPSY RES, V12, P131, DOI 10.1016/0920-1211(92)90033-P ENGERSTROM IW, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P11 GAROFALO EA, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P350, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90081-1 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P1 HAGNE I, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90025-4 HANEFELD F, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P60, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979722 HARVEY AS, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1966 ISHIZAKI A, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P407 KRAGELOHMANN I, 1989, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V11, P175 LAPPALAINEN R, IN PRESS J CHILD NEU MITSUYOSHI I, 1993, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V15, P97, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(93)90044-9 NAIDU S, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P61 NIEDERMEYER E, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P195 NIELSEN JB, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P63 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NIHEI K, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P101 PHILIPPART M, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P111 TRAUNER DA, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P331, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90003-8 UVEBRANT P, 1991, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V22, P3, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071407 UVEBRANT P, 1993, RETT SYNDROME CLIN B, P80 VERMA NP, 1986, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V64, P394, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(86)90072-6 Weis M, 1994, Acta Neurol Scand Suppl, V152, P145 WENK GL, 1993, DEV BRAIN RES, V74, P67, DOI 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90084-N YOSHIKAWA H, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P69 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P924 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6314 J9 ACTA NEUROL SCAND JI Acta Neurol. Scand. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 95 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WH419 UT WOS:A1997WH41900009 PM 9048985 ER PT J AU Belichenko, PV Hagberg, B Dahlstrom, A AF Belichenko, PV Hagberg, B Dahlstrom, A TI Morphological study of neocortical areas in Rett syndrome SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; infantile autism; cytoarchitectonics; synaptophysin; confocal microscopy ID LASER-SCANNING MICROSCOPY; FOCAL CORTICAL DYSPLASIA; CLINICAL PECULIARITIES; RHESUS-MONKEY; CORTEX; NEUROPATHOLOGY; ABNORMALITIES; MOTOR; BRAIN; DISORDERS AB Various neocortical areas from four females aged 16-24 years with Rett syndrome (RS) were investigated and compared with brains of therapy-resistant partial epilepsy (TRPE) patients (18-25 years), infantile autism (IA), and control brains (24 and 58 years). The cytoarchitecture of area 10 (frontal), area 21 (temporal), area 4 (primary motor cortex), and area 17 (primary visual cortex) was studied by the combined Kluver-Barrera (luxol fast blue and cresyl violet) standard procedure. Autofluorescence of lipofuscin, immunofluorescence of synaptic vesicle proteins [synaptophysin (p38)] and lectin-stained (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin) perineuronal nets (PNs) were studied in the cortices using dual-channel confocal laser scanning microscopy. The brains of RS females show various types of morphological/cytoarchitectonical abnormalities of single pyramidal neurons in layers II-III, and V-VII of different cortical areas. The abnormalities include mild losses of pyramidal neurons, more pronounced in layers II and III than in layers V and VII, and more evident in frontal and temporal areas than in the visual cortex. Microdysgenesis, including abnormalities due to neuronal migration disorders, was not found in RS, in contrast to the observations in TRPE patients, strongly indicating that RS is not a neuronal migration disorder. Lipofuscin distribution was normal but amounts were lower in RS cases than in control and TRPE brains. PNs were less expressed in cortices of the IA case, but were clearly overexpressed in the motor cortex of RS. Quantitative analysis of p38 showed a decrease in the area occupied by p38 immunoreactivity by 20-40% in RS compared with controls. It is concluded that RS could best be explained by a postnatal synaptogenic developmental deficiency; the basic defect, however, is still completely unknown. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,INST NEUROBIOL,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,BRAIN RES INST,DEPT NEURONAL STRUCT,MOSCOW 103064,RUSSIA. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PAEDIAT NEUROL,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR AKESSON HO, 1995, CLIN GENET, V48, P169 ALEXANDER GE, 1985, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V53, P1417 ALEXANDER GE, 1990, PROG BRAIN RES, V85, P119 ARMSTRONG D, 1995, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V54, P195, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199503000-00006 ARMSTRONG DD, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS89 BASHINA VM, 1994, J NEUROPATHOL PSYCHI, V4, P68 BASHINA VM, 1993, J NEUROPATHOL PSYCHI, V3, P52 BAUMAN ML, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P1581 BELICHENKO PV, 1995, NEUROREPORT, V6, P1869, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199510020-00012 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, EPILEPSY RES, V18, P233, DOI 10.1016/0920-1211(94)90044-2 BELICHENKO PV, 1995, J NEUROSCI METH, V57, P55, DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(94)00125-Z BELICHENKO PV, 1995, NEUROSCI PROT 950500 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V5, P1509, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199407000-00025 BELICHENKOV PV, 1996, IN PRESS J NEUROSCI CELIO MR, 1994, BRAIN RES REV, V19, P128, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90006-X CHIRON C, 1993, J NUCL MED, V34, P1717 Conel JL, 1955, POSTNATAL DEV HUMAN CORNFORD ME, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P424 COTE L, 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURONAL DEGENNARO LJ, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P469 EYRE JA, 1990, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V53, P874, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.53.10.874 FERLINI A, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P136 FERRER I, 1993, EXP BRAIN RES, V94, P261 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P499 GOLDMAN PS, 1977, BRAIN RES, V122, P393, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90453-X GORBACHEVSKAYA NL, 1992, HUM PHYSL, V18, P40 GORDON K, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P142, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460208 HAGBERG B, 1995, ACTA PAEDIATR, V84, P971, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13809.x HAGBERG BA, 1989, PEDIATR NEUROL, V5, P75, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(89)90031-3 HAGBERG BA, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P5, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90082-5 HAGNE I, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V72, P1, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(89)90025-4 HIORNS RW, 1991, P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI, V246, P1, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1991.0117 JELLINGER K, 1988, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V76, P142 Jones EG, 1984, CEREB CORTEX, V1, P521 MARINPADILLA M, 1992, J COMP NEUROL, V321, P223, DOI 10.1002/cne.903210205 MISCHEL PS, 1995, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V54, P137, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199503000-00001 MURAKAMI JW, 1992, AM J ROENTGENOL, V159, P177 NIELSEN JB, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P982 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P27 NOMURA Y, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P16 NORDBORG C, 1987, ADV EPILEPTOL, V16, P29 Palmini A, 1992, Epilepsy Res Suppl, V9, P19 PALMINI A, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V30, P741, DOI 10.1002/ana.410300602 PEDESPAN JM, 1995, EPILEPSIA, V36, P37, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01662.x PERCY A, 1990, NEUROL CLIN, V8, P659 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P227, DOI 10.1002/ana.410340220 SARKISOV SA, 1949, CYTOARCHITECTONICS C SARKISOV SA, 1961, STRUCTURE FUNCTION A Witt-Engerstrom I, 1992, ACTA PAEDIATR, V81, P167 NR 49 TC 77 Z9 78 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0001-6322 J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL JI Acta Neuropathol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 93 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA WA520 UT WOS:A1997WA52000008 PM 9006657 ER PT J AU Hooper, SR Tramontana, MG AF Hooper, SR Tramontana, MG TI Advances in the neuropsychological bases of child and adolescent psychopathology - Proposed models, findings, and ongoing issues SO ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 19 SE ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS; LA-TOURETTES SYNDROME; BRAIN-SCAN FINDINGS; JUVENILE DELINQUENTS; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; DISABLED-CHILDREN C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. RP Hooper, SR (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CTR DEV & LEARNING,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. CR ALARCON RD, 1994, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V6, P217 AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th APPLEBAUM E, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P279, DOI 10.1007/BF01531742 ARNOLD G, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF01531814 AYLWARD GP, 1993, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V2, P172 Bakker D.J., 1995, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V3, P144 BALOTTIN U, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02212722 BALTAXE CM, 1983, J SPECH HEARING DISO, V40, P439 BARKLEY R, 1981, BEHAV ASSESSMENT CHI, P127 Barkley R. A., 1981, HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN BARKLEY RA, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00916547 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAXTER LR, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P243 BEHAR D, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P363 Bell Martha Ann, 1994, P314 BELLINGER D, 1995, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V3, P12 BENJAMIN RS, 1990, J ANXIETY DISORD, V4, P293, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(90)90027-7 BERMAN A, 1976, J LEARN DISABIL, V9, P583 BIGLER ED, 1989, J LEARN DISABIL, V22, P180 BLACKSTOCK EG, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01539636 BLONDER LX, 1991, BRAIN, V114, P1115, DOI 10.1093/brain/114.3.1115 BLOOM FE, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P224 BLUMBERG SH, 1985, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V49, P194, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.194 Boon K.B., 1991, NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE, V4, P96 BORNSTEIN RA, 1990, PSYCHIAT RES, V33, P73, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(90)90150-4 BOTTERON KN, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P742, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199506000-00014 BREMNER JD, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P973 BRESLAU N, 1985, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V13, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF00910642 BRICKMAN AS, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P453, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60324-1 BRUMBACK RA, 1980, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V50, P1163 Bruun RD, 1988, TOURETTES SYNDROME T, P21 Bryden M. P., 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY HUMA, P6 Bryden M. P., 1982, LATERALITY FUNCTIONA BUCHSBAUM MS, 1986, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V10, P137, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90036-4 CANNON IP, 1980, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V27, P79 CANTOR DS, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF01531728 CAPARULO BK, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P338, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60993-6 CARTER L, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P279, DOI 10.1007/BF01531373 CHASE TN, 1984, ANN NEUROL S, V15, P175, DOI 10.1002/ana.410150733 COBLE PA, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P438, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60322-8 COHEN DJ, 1976, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V15, P604, DOI 10.1097/00004583-197601540-00002 COLE PM, 1993, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V22, P154, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_3 COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 Comings DE, 1990, TOURETTE SYNDROME HU COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02212714 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 Cox C. S., 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P73 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Davidson R. J., 1984, EMOTIONS COGNITION B, P320 Davidson Richard J., 1994, P518 DAVIDSON RJ, 1989, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V98, P127, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.98.2.127 DAVIDSON RJ, 1979, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V16, P202 DAVIDSON RJ, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P1235, DOI 10.1126/science.7146906 DAWSON G, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01531566 DAWSON G, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P1440, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00469.x Dawson Geraldine, 1994, P346 DECINA P, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P548 DEMEYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHR B, V7, P388 DENCKLA MB, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P461 DEUTCH AY, 1986, BRAIN RES, V363, P307, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91016-4 DEVINSKY O, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P508 DEWEY M, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P348, DOI 10.1007/BF02105378 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P1310 Douglas V. I., 1983, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P280 Douglas VI, 1980, TREATMENT HYPERACTIV, P65 ELLIOTT FA, 1982, J NERV MENT DIS, V170, P680, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198211000-00007 Erlenmeyer-Kimling L., 1982, SCHIZOPHRENIA BRAIN, P61 ERNST M, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P858, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199407000-00012 ETCOFF NL, 1986, ADV CLIN NEUROPSYCHO, V3, P127 FEAGANS LV, 1991, SUBTYPES LEARNING DI FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 FERRARI M, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P116 FEYEREISEN P, 1989, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V3, P271 FISH B, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P592 FLORHENRY P, 1979, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V14, P677 FOLSTEIN S, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P83 FORSTER AA, 1995, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V3, P117 FOX NA, 1988, DEV PSYCHOL, V24, P230, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.24.2.230 FROST LA, 1989, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V98, P307, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.98.3.307 FUERST DR, 1990, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V58, P657, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.58.5.657 FUNK JB, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P357 GAFFNEY GR, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P1330 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GAINOTTI G, 1989, EMOTIONS DUAL BRAIN, P9 GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GEORGE MS, 1992, J ANXIETY DISORD, V6, P181, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(92)90016-Z GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 GLAZE DG, 1983, NEUROLOGY, V33, P586 GOLDBERG E, 1981, BRAIN LANG, V14, P144, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(81)90072-9 GORDON CT, IN PRESS SCHIZOPHREN Gray J.A., 1982, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ANXI GRAY JA, 1986, HIPPOCAMPUS, V4, P159 GREEN WH, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P399, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60317-4 GRUZELIER J, 1979, HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETR, P105 HALPERIN JM, 1994, ADV CH NEUR, V2, P1 HARCHERIK DF, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P731 HAYNES JP, 1981, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V49, P480, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.49.3.480 HEILMAN KM, 1975, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V38, P69, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.38.1.69 HERTZIG ME, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P13, DOI 10.1007/BF01537969 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 HOFFMAN WL, 1982, J CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLO, V41, P27 Hooper S. R., 1989, LEARNING DISABILITY HOOPER SR, 1993, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V8, P297 HOOPER SR, 1992, CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOG, P409 HOOPER SR, 1995, UNPUB NEUROPSYCHOLOG HOOPER SR, 1991, PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL AS, P465 HUSAIN MM, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V40, P95, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(91)90001-7 HYND GW, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P919 INCAGNOLI T, 1983, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V57, P1271 IVERSEN SD, 1982, GILLES TOURETTE SYND, P69 JACKSON HJ, 1879, BRAIN, V2, P202 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 JAMES AL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF01531358 JENIKE MA, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V45, P122 JENIKE MA, 1984, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V25, P298, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(84)90062-2 JERNIGAN TL, 1991, BRAIN, V114, P2037, DOI 10.1093/brain/114.5.2037 Johnson DJ, 1971, LEARNING DISABILITIE JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Joseph R., 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY NEUR KAGAN VE, 1981, SOVIET NEUROLOGY PSY, V14, P25 KASLOW NJ, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P605, DOI 10.1007/BF00916853 Kaufman A. S., 1979, INTELLIGENT TESTING KENDALL PC, 1985, COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL KENNARD BD, 1989, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P331 Kinsbourne M, 1989, EMOTIONS DUAL BRAIN, P248 Kinsbourne M., 1984, PSYCHOBIOLOGY AFFECT, P259 KJAER M, 1986, NEURORADIOLOGY, V28, P362 KNOTT V, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P248 KOLB B, 1981, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V19, P491, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(81)90016-6 KOLB B, 1981, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V19, P505, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(81)90017-8 KOPP CB, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P343, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.25.3.343 KORHONEN T, 1976, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V42, P75 KORKMAN M, 1993, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V22, P277, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_13 KORMAN M, 1995, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V3, P84 KRYNICKI VE, 1978, J NERV MENT DIS, V166, P59, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197801000-00009 LECKMAN JF, 1988, TOURETTES SYNDROME T, P3 LEWIS DO, 1979, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V18, P307, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61045-1 LEWIS DO, 1977, AM J PSYCHIAT, V134, P1020 LEWIS DO, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P190, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60919-5 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 Linz T D, 1990, Arch Clin Neuropsychol, V5, P411, DOI 10.1016/0887-6177(90)90019-L LOU HC, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P48 LOU HC, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P825 LUCAS JA, 1991, J ANXIETY DISORD, V5, P1, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(91)90013-J LUCCI D, 1988, EXCEPTIONAL BRAIN, P310 LUCHINS DJ, 1983, LANCET, V1, P766 MACAUSLAN A, 1975, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V1, P225, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1975.tb00016.x MARCUS J, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P753 MATTES JA, 1980, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V21, P358, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(80)90017-6 MATTISON RE, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P514, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(10)60011-8 MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 MCBURNETT K, 1993, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V22, P165, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2202_4 MCGEE R, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P573, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00173.x MENDLEWICZ J, 1984, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V6, P265, DOI 10.1016/S0165-0327(84)80004-X MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 MIRSKY A F, 1991, Neuropsychology Review, V2, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01109051 Modell J G, 1989, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V1, P27 Molfese D.L., 1995, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V3, P1 Myklebust H. R., 1975, PROGR LEARNING DISAB, V3, P85 NETLEY C, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V127, P440, DOI 10.1192/bjp.127.5.440 NEWBY RF, 1994, ADV CH NEUR, V2, P201 NEWLIN D B, 1980, Clinical Neuropsychology, V2, P178 Norton GR, 1988, J ANXIETY DIORD, V2, P169, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(88)90023-0 OAS P, 1985, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V41, P422 OWENS D G C, 1980, British Journal of Psychiatry, V136, P384 Papez JW, 1937, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V38, P725 PARK S, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P975 PASSLER M, 1986, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V1, P349 Pavlidis G ;, 1980, Nurs Mirror, V150, P22 PINCUS JH, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P277, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(10)60092-1 Pontius A A, 1976, Adolescence, V11, P509 Porter J.E., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR, P257 PRIOR MR, 1984, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V41, P482 PRIOR MR, 1979, CORTEX, V15, P73 RAPOPORT J, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P1545 REGAN J, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V14, P1279 RETTEW DC, 1991, J ANXIETY DISORD, V5, P225, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(91)90003-C RICCIO CA, 1993, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V60, P118 RIEDER RO, 1979, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V36, P665 ROBBINS DM, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P40, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198301000-00006 ROCHFORD JM, 1981, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V16, P47 ROSS ED, 1979, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V36, P144 ROSS RG, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P783, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00012 Rourke B. P, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D ROURKE BP, 1988, J LEARN DISABIL, V22, P169 Rourke B.P., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR Roy-Byrne P., 1988, J ANXIETY DIORD, V2, P17, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(88)90011-4 RUMSEY JM, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P771 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUSSELL AT, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P399, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00017 RUTTER M, 1983, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P577 SACKEIM HA, 1982, ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, V10, P320 SCHACHTER S, 1962, PSYCHOL REV, V69, P379, DOI 10.1037/h0046234 SCHIFFER F, 1995, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V7, P169 SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, IN PRESS ARCH CLIN N SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P875, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199407000-00014 SHAFFER D, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P342 SHAFFER D, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P63, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb01753.x Shaffer D, 1983, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, P144 SHAPIRO AK, 1978, G DELATOURETTE SYNDR SHAPIRO EG, 1994, ADV CH NEUR, V2, P119 SHAPIRO T, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P70, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62279-2 SINGER HS, 1982, G DELATOURETTE SYNDR, P177 SMALL JG, 1975, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V10, P385 Snow JH, 1994, PEDIAT TRAUMATIC BRA SOPER HV, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF01531727 STATON RD, 1981, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V53, P219 STEHBENS JA, 1994, ADV CH NEUR, V2, P55 Stellern J., 1985, BEHAV DISORDERS, V10, P113 Strauss AA, 1947, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ED B STUSS DT, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P3, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.1.3 SZATMARI P, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P287, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01567.x TANGUAY P, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P273 TARTER RE, 1983, J NERV MENT DIS, V171, P564, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198309000-00007 TAYLOR HG, 1983, J CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P271, DOI 10.1080/01688638308401174 TAYLOR HG, 1992, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V1, P50 TOMARKEN AJ, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P791, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.791 TORREY EF, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF01540676 TRAMONTANA MG, 1989, HDB CLIN CHILD NEURO, P87 TRAMONTANA MG, 1988, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V3, P369 TRAMONTANA MG, 1983, FDN CLIN NEUROPSYCHO, P309 TRAMONTANA MG, IN PRESS HDB CLIN CH TSAI LY, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01531504 TUCKER DM, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P19, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.89.1.19 TUCKER DM, 1991, MINNESOTA S CHILD DE TUCKER DM, 1986, HDB PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY TUCKER DM, 1984, PSYCHOL REV, V91, P185, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.91.2.185 TUCKER DM, 1989, EMOTIONS DUAL BRAIN, P225 VASTERLING JJ, 1994, 22 ANN M INT NEUR SO VOELLER K K S, 1989, Neurology, V39, P276 VOELLER KKS, 1988, NEUROLOGY, V38, P806 VOLKMAR FR, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P352, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60516-1 VOORHEES J, 1981, ADOLESCENCE, V16, P57 WARDELL D, 1980, ADV BEHAV RES THERAP, V2, P159, DOI 10.1016/0146-6402(80)90003-X Warr- Leeper G., 1994, BEHAV DISORDERS, V19, P159 WELSH MC, 1988, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P199 WILSON H, 1984, INT J NEUROSCI, V24, P307, DOI 10.3109/00207458409089823 WING L, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P173 Wise S, 1989, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE, P327 WOODS BT, 1982, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P23 YEATES KO, 1992, 20 ANN M INT NEUR SO YLVISAKER M, 1992, ADV CHILD NEUROPSYCH, V1, P168 Zajonc R. B., 1984, EMOTIONS COGNITION B, P73 ZAMBELLI AJ, 1977, AM J PSYCHIAT, V134, P742 ZINKUS PW, 1978, CLIN PEDIATR, V17, P775, DOI 10.1177/000992287801701011 NR 250 TC 7 Z9 7 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0149-4732 J9 ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH PY 1997 VL 19 BP 133 EP 175 PG 43 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BH38N UT WOS:A1997BH38N00004 ER PT J AU Caf, B Kroflic, B Tancig, S AF Caf, B Kroflic, B Tancig, S TI Activation of hypoactive children with creative movement and dance in primary school SO ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; AUTISM RP Caf, B (reprint author), UNIV LJUBLJANA,FAC EDUC,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA. CR ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 BARTENIEFF L, 1990, BODY MOVEMENT COPING BRUCE V, 1988, MOVEMENT DANCE PRIMA CAF B, 1994, UNPUB VPLIV GIBALNEG COREY SM, 1985, ACTION RES FUNDAMENT, P54 Cratty B. J, 1979, PERCEPTUAL MOTOR DEV DAVIES M, 1995, HELPING CHILDREN LEA EDGERTON CL, 1994, J MUSIC THER, V31, P31 FROSTIG M, 1970, MOVEMENT ED THEORY P GJUD A, 1991, IGRA GIBI, V2 GJUD A, 1992, IGRA GIBI, V3 GJUD A, 1990, IGRA GIBI, V1 HERZKA HS, 1988, PRAXIS KINDERPSYCHOL, V38, P36 Horvat L., 1989, RAZVOJNA PSIHOLOGIJA JOHNSON EO, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P115, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80175-7 KLEIN P, 1983, TANZTHERAPIE KOSICEK M, 1976, TUDI OTROK OSEBNOST KROFLIC B, 1995, IGRA GIB USTVARJANJE KROFLIC B, 1992, USTVARJANJE SKOZI GI LAENG M, 1990, MOVIMENTO GIOCO FANA Laucht M, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P19 Levy F. J., 1988, DANCE MOVEMENT THERA Lewis Bernstein P, 1972, THEORY METHODS DANCE LOCKE M, 1994, BEING MOTION YOUNG I LOWDEN M, 1989, DANCING LEARN McNiff J, 1993, TEACHING LEARNING AC OUKLANDER V, 1988, PROZORI SVET NASE DE PARTELI L, 1995, ART PSYCHOTHER, V22, P241 Payne H., 1992, DANCE MOVEMENT THERA PAYNE H, 1992, CREATIVE MOVEMENT DA Pearson J., 1996, DISCOVERING SELF DRA PRAPER P, 1992, TAKO MAJHEN NERVOZEN Reber A. S., 1985, DICT PSYCHOL RIBIC K, 1991, ITP FOR ZAD SALTZ E, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P376 SCHOOP T, 1981, KOM TANZ MIR SEARLE Y, 1996, LIFEGAMES SERIES THE Torrance E.P., 1981, THINKING CREATIVELY URANJEK A, 1995, SPROSTITVENE IGRE VR VOGELNIK M, 1993, USTVARJALNI GIB WETHERED AG, 1993, MOVEMENT DRAMA THERA Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP ZERDIN T, 1991, TEZAVICE TEZAVE UCNE ZORGA S, 1993, UNPUB KONTINUITETA P 1990, AK RAZ VZG VZGOJ IZ NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0197-4556 J9 ART PSYCHOTHER JI Arts Psychother. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1016/S0197-4556(97)00016-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA YF343 UT WOS:A1997YF34300004 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ AF Hall, LJ TI Effective behavioural strategies for the defining characteristics of autism SO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE LA English DT Review ID PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; TEACHING-CHILDREN; SELF-STIMULATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; TYPICAL PRESCHOOLERS; AFFECTION ACTIVITIES; SOCIODRAMATIC PLAY; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH AB The following review paper describes the outcomes of data-based behavioural intervention strategies for the defining characteristics of autistic disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The results of relevant evaluations of behaviour analytic procedures are reviewed for each of the four potential areas of difficulty under each of the main criteria for autistic disorder, which are: (a) impairment in social interaction, (b) impairment in communication, and (c) restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities (DSM-IV). The current areas of research activity as well as those domains that have received comparatively little attention by behavioural researchers are identified, and suggestions for future research are discussed. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), DEAKIN UNIV,SCH STUDIES DISABIL,221 BURWOOD HIGHWAY,BURWOOD,VIC 3125,AUSTRALIA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson S. R., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P181 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry, V168, P158, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.2.158 BELCHIC JK, 1994, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V16, P1, DOI 10.1300/J019v16n02_01 BERKE JC, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P233 Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 BUFFINGTON D, 1996, PROCEDURES TEACHING CAMARATA SM, 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P333 CESARONI L, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02207327 Charlop M. H., 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL, P213 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-307 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P473, DOI 10.1007/BF01531712 CHARLOP MH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P747, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-747 CHARLOP MH, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P275, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-275 COE DA, 1991, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V13, P13, DOI 10.1300/J019v13n03_02 DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 DYER K, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P184 DYER K, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P607, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90056-4 FARMERDOUGAN V, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P533, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-533 FAY WH, 1969, J COMMUN DISORD, V2, P38, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(69)90053-7 FAY WH, 1980, EMERGING LANGAUGE AU FENSKE EC, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P49, DOI 10.1016/S0270-4684(85)80005-7 Frea W. D., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P53 FREEMAN BJ, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF01537933 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 Gena A, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P291, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-291 Goldstein A. P., 1976, SKILL TRAINING COMMU GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-289 GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P265, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-265 Hall LJ, 1996, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V21, P313, DOI 10.1080/13668259600033221 HARCHIK AE, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P77, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90006-T HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P58 HARING TG, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P694 HARRIS SL, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P185, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-185 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 HAWKINS D, 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P43 INGENMEY R, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P591, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-591 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 Kasari C., 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P201 Koegel L. K., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P17 Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU KOEGEL RL, 1994, CURR I AUT, P81 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V24, P299, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(77)90008-X KOEGEL RL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P525, DOI 10.1007/BF02211871 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 KOHLER KW, 1995, BEHAV MODIF, V19, P10 KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-137 KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-121 KRANTZ PJ, 1981, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V1, P259, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(81)90003-3 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MACDUFF GS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-89 MASON SA, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-171 Matson JL, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL MATSON JL, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL, P249 McDonough K. A., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P63 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 McEvoy M. A., 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO, P113 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCGEE GG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-329 MCGEE GG, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P237 MCGEE GG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-17 MCGEE GG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 MCGEE GG, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P319, DOI 10.1007/BF02409582 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 NEEF NA, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P453, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-453 NIENTIMP EG, 1992, J SCHOOL PSYCHOL, V30, P343, DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(92)90002-M Odom S. L., 1992, SOCIAL COMPETENCE YO ODOM SL, 1991, J SPEC EDUC, V25, P26 ODOM SL, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-307 ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 PIERCE K, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-285 PIERCE KL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471 PRIOR MR, 1992, BEHAV CHANGE, V9, P96 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 Roeyers H, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02172476 Rosenblatt J., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P33 Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 RYDELL RJ, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P719 SAINATO DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P127, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-127 SANTARCANGELO S, 1988, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V46, P406, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(88)90069-0 SCHREIBMAN L, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P453, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-453 Schreibman L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172021 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SCHREIBMAN L, 1994, COGNITIVE BEHAV INTE, P335 Schriebman L., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P353 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 STAHMER AC, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P123, DOI 10.1007/BF02178500 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 STEWART CA, 1995, RES DEV DISABIL, V16, P365, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00024-H STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 Strain P. S., 1985, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V4, P47, DOI 10.1177/027112148500400406 SUGAI G, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01531711 Sulzer-Azaroff B., 1991, BEHAV ANAL LASTING C TAYLOR BA, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-3 THORP DM, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF02179288 TUSTIN RD, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-91 TWARDOSZ S, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P311, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90004-6 Waterhouse L, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF02276235 WING L, 1985, AUTISTIC CHILDREN Wolery M., 1992, TEACHING STUDENTS MO Zanolli K, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF02172826 NR 108 TC 4 Z9 4 PU AUSTRALIAN ACAD PRESS PI BOWEN HILLS PA 32 JEAYS ST, BOWEN HILLS QLD 4006, AUSTRALIA SN 0813-4839 J9 BEHAV CHANGE JI Behav. Change PY 1997 VL 14 IS 3 BP 139 EP 154 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA YE647 UT WOS:A1997YE64700002 ER PT S AU Molinari, M Leggio, MG Silveri, MC AF Molinari, M Leggio, MG Silveri, MC BE Schmahmann, JD TI Verbal fluency and agrammatism SO CEREBELLUM AND COGNITION SE International Review of Neurobiology LA English DT Review ID GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBELLAR; LESIONS; SPEECH; MUTISM; DEFICITS; BRAIN RP Molinari, M (reprint author), UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, INST NEUROL, EXPT NEUROL LAB, NEUROPSYCHOL SERV, I-00168 ROME, ITALY. RI Molinari, Marco/A-9624-2010; Leggio, Maria/D-1269-2010 OI Molinari, Marco/0000-0001-9808-9688; CR ACKERMANN H, 1992, J NEUROL, V239, P223, DOI 10.1007/BF00839144 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V30, P315, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(92)90105-U AMMIRATI M, 1989, CHILD NERV SYST, V5, P12, DOI 10.1007/BF00706739 Apollonio I. M., 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1536 BADECKER W, 1985, COGNITION, V20, P97, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90049-6 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BOTEZ MI, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1152 BRAITENBERG V, 1997, IN PRESS BEHAV BRAIN BROICH K, 1987, NEUROSCI LETT, V83, P7, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90207-2 CAPLAN D, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V40, P274, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(91)90128-N Caplan David, 1995, P871 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 DAUM I, 1995, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V67, P201, DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(94)00144-5 FIEZ JA, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P155, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.155 FRAIOLI B, 1975, APPL NEUROPHYSIOL, V38, P81 Gao JH, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P545, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.545 Gilman S, 1981, DISORDERS CEREBELLUM GRAFMAN J, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1493 GRODZINSKY Y, 1991, BRAIN LANG, V41, P565 HELMUTH LL, 1994, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V20 ISSERLIN M, 1922, Z GESAMTE NEUROLOGIE, V75, P322 ITO M, 1982, J THEOR BIOL, V99, P81, DOI 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90390-3 JENKINS IH, 1994, J NEUROSCI, V14, P3775 JERNIGAN TL, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P186 JOUBERT M, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P813 LAINE M, 1988, STUDIES LANGUAGES, V12 LAINE M, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10 LEGGIO MG, 1995, SOC NEUR ABSTR, V21, P21 Leggio M. G., 1995, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V21, P917 LEINER HC, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P444, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T Lezak M. D., 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL A, V3rd Luria AR, 1970, TRAUMATIC APHASIA McCarthy R. A., 1990, COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCH MEYER JS, 1993, NEUROL RES, V15, P362 MICELI G, 1989, BRAIN LANG, V36, P447, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90079-5 MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 Milner B., 1964, FRONTAL GRANULAR COR, P313 NESPOULOUS JL, 1988, BRAIN LANG, V33, P273, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(88)90069-7 PARKS RW, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P565, DOI 10.1080/01688638808402795 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 PETROSINI L, 1996, EUR J NEUROSCI, V8, P101 POLLACK IF, 1995, NEUROSURGERY, V37, P885 RAMIER AM, 1970, REV NEUROL, V123, P17 RASKIN SA, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V30, P95, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(92)90018-H REKATE HL, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P697 ROSENBERRY T L, 1980, Neurochemistry International, V2, P135, DOI 10.1016/0197-0186(80)90020-0 SALMON DP, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V5, P184, DOI 10.1016/0959-4388(95)80025-5 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1995, NEUROSCI LETT, V199, P175, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12056-A SILVERI MC, 1997, IN PRESS NEUROLOGY SILVERI MC, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2047 VANDONGEN HR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2040 ZETTIN M, 1995, FAL M NEUR SECT IT S NR 53 TC 38 Z9 38 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7742 BN 0-12-625660-8 J9 INT REV NEUROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Neurobiol. PY 1997 VL 41 BP 325 EP 339 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BJ66A UT WOS:A1997BJ66A00014 PM 9378596 ER PT S AU Bauman, ML Filipek, PA Kemper, TL AF Bauman, ML Filipek, PA Kemper, TL BE Schmahmann, JD TI Early infantile autism SO CEREBELLUM AND COGNITION SE International Review of Neurobiology LA English DT Review ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; CEREBELLAR VERMIS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; BRAIN; HYPOPLASIA; PROJECTIONS; INVOLVEMENT; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; VII C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT PEDIAT, ORANGE, CA 92668 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT NEUROL, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT ANAT & NEUROBIOL, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. RP Bauman, ML (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, CHILDRENS NEUROL SERV, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. CR AARKROG T, 1968, DAN MED BULL, V15, P283 Adams JH, 1984, GREENFIELDS NEUROPAT AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 Bachevalier J., 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P146 BAUMAN M L, 1984, Neurology, V34, P275 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Bauman M.L., 1996, J NEUROPATHOL EXP NE, V55, P613, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199605000-00048 Bauman M.L., 1995, ADV BIOL PSYCHIAT, P1 Berman A.J., 1974, CEREBELLUM EPILEPSY, P277 BLOEDEL JR, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V15, P666 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 Brodal A, 1981, NEUROLOGICAL ANATOMY, V3rd Brodal A, 1940, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V43, P46 CAMPBELL M, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P510 Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 Coleman M., 1979, CONGENITAL ACQUIRED, P265 COLEMAN PD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P245, DOI 10.1007/BF01531496 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P111 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DARBY JK, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01537911 DEBASSIO WA, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P350 DeLong G. R., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P207 Eccles J., 1967, CEREBELLUM NEURONAL FILIPEK PA, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V6, P301 Filipek PA, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF02172014 FILIPEK PA, 1995, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V8, P134, DOI 10.1097/00019052-199504000-00009 FLECHSIG P, 1920, ANATOMIE MENCHLICHEN GOLDMAN PS, 1978, BRAIN RES, V152, P452 GRAFMAN J, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1493 Greenfield JG, 1954, SPINO CEREBELLAR DEG HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 HEATH RG, 1979, J NERV MENT DIS, V167, P585, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197910000-00001 HEATH RG, 1978, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V13, P501 HEATH RG, 1974, EXP NEUROL, V45, P268, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(74)90118-6 HIER DB, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF01531531 Holmes G, 1908, BRAIN, V31, P125, DOI 10.1093/brain/31.1.125 Holmes G, 1939, BRAIN, V62, P1, DOI 10.1093/brain/62.1.1 HOLTTUM JR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P1091, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90189-7 Ivry R B, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P136, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.136 JACOBSON R, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P39 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 LEINER HC, 1987, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V8, P425 MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 MCCORMICK DA, 1984, SCIENCE, V223, P296, DOI 10.1126/science.6701513 MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 Norman RM, 1940, J NEUROL PSYCHIATRY, V3, P311, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.3.4.311 NOWELL MA, 1990, MAGN RESON IMAGING, V8, P811, DOI 10.1016/0730-725X(90)90018-W ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V19, P22 Petersen S E, 1989, J Cogn Neurosci, V1, P153, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153 PIVEN J, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P18 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 RAKIC P, 1971, J COMP NEUROL, V141, P283, DOI 10.1002/cne.901410303 RAKIC P, 1970, J COMP NEUROL, V139, P473, DOI 10.1002/cne.901390407 Rapin Isabelle, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P1 RITVO ER, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V319, P1152 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 ROSENBLOOM S, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P72, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198401000-00010 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V289, P53, DOI 10.1002/cne.902890105 SUMI S M, 1970, Brain Behavior and Evolution, V93, P821, DOI 10.1093/brain/93.4.821 VILENSKY JA, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P646 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 Yakovlev P. I., 1967, REGIONAL DEV BRAIN E, P3 YAKOVLEV PI, 1970, NEUROPATHOLOGY METHO, P371 YAKOVLEV PI, 1960, P 1 INT C MENT RET, P1 NR 73 TC 32 Z9 32 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7742 BN 0-12-625660-8 J9 INT REV NEUROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Neurobiol. PY 1997 VL 41 BP 367 EP 386 PG 20 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BJ66A UT WOS:A1997BJ66A00016 PM 9378598 ER PT S AU Akshoomoff, NA Courchesne, E Townsend, J AF Akshoomoff, NA Courchesne, E Townsend, J BE Schmahmann, JD TI Attention coordination and anticipatory control SO CEREBELLUM AND COGNITION SE International Review of Neurobiology LA English DT Review ID VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; VERBAL MEMORY; CEREBELLAR CONTRIBUTION; SHIFTING ATTENTION; RHESUS-MONKEY; HUMAN BRAIN; SHORT-TERM; ABNORMALITIES C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCH MED, DEPT NEUROSCI, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP, AUTISM & BRAIN DEV LAB, SAN DIEGO, CA 92123 USA. RP Akshoomoff, NA (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P388, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.4.388 AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 Allen G, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1940, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1940 ANDERSON B, 1994, BRAIN RES, V641, P160, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91831-7 ANDREASEN NC, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P5111, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.11.5111 ARIN D M, 1991, Neurology, V41, P307 ARTIGES E, 1995, HUM BRAIN MAP S1, V3, P227 Barinaga M, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P482, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.482 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BAUMAN ML, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P190 BAUMAN M L, 1990, Neurology, V40, P359 BERNTSON GG, 1980, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V94, P706, DOI 10.1037/h0077702 BUSATTO GF, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P463 CHAMBERS WW, 1955, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V74, P653 CHEAL ML, 1991, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V43, P859 CORBETTA M, 1993, J NEUROSCI, V13, P1202 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1995, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, V2, P195 COURCHESNE E, 1995, INT PEDIAT, V10, P86 COURCHESNE E, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P697, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004740 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1985, C BRAIN BEH DEV BIOS COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI, P119 CRICK F, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P4586, DOI 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4586 CRISPINO L, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P2917, DOI 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2917 CUENOD CA, 1993, 12 ANN M SOC MAGN RE DECETY J, 1994, NATURE, V371, P600, DOI 10.1038/371600a0 Desmond J. E., 1995, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V21, P1210 DOW RS, 1988, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V5, P307, DOI 10.1097/00004691-198810000-00001 DOWNING CJ, 1988, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V14, P188, DOI 10.1037//0096-1523.14.2.188 Gao JH, 1996, SCIENCE, V272, P545, DOI 10.1126/science.272.5261.545 GOFFART L, 1994, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V72, P2547 GOLDBERG ME, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V25, P107, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90047-9 GOODLETT CR, 1992, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V47, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80119-6 GRASBY PM, 1993, BRAIN, V116, P1, DOI 10.1093/brain/116.1.1 Haas RH, 1996, J CHILD NEUROL, V11, P84 HAINES DE, 1987, NEW CONCEPTS CEREBEL, P113 HAMILTON NG, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1322 Harter M. R., 1984, VARIETIES ATTENTION, P293 Hillyard S. A., 1987, HDB PHYSL 1, VV, P519 ITOH K, 1979, BRAIN RES, V106, P131 KIM SG, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P949, DOI 10.1126/science.8052851 KITANO K, 1976, BRAIN RES, V106, P172, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90083-4 Klingberg T., 1995, HUM BRAIN MAPPING S, V1, P414 Laberge D, 1990, J Cogn Neurosci, V2, P358, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1990.2.4.358 LE TH, 1996, NEUROIMAGE, V3, pS246, DOI 10.1016/S1053-8119(96)80248-5 MANGUN GR, 1991, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V17, P1057, DOI 10.1037//0096-1523.17.4.1057 MCCORMICK DA, 1984, SCIENCE, V223, P296, DOI 10.1126/science.6701513 MELLET E, 1995, HUM BRAIN MAPP S1, V3, P273 MESULAM MM, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P309, DOI 10.1002/ana.410100402 MIDDLETON FA, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P458, DOI 10.1126/science.7939688 MORUZZI G, 1949, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V1, P455, DOI 10.1016/0013-4694(49)90219-9 MURAKAMI JW, 1989, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V46, P689 NAGAHAMA Y, 1995, HUM BRAIN MAPP S1, V3, P196 NEWMAN PP, 1979, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V287, P405 NICHOLS SL, 1995, CND9501 U CAL CTR RE Nieuwenhuys R., 1988, HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOU NODA H, 1991, JPN J PHYSIOL, V41, P351, DOI 10.2170/jjphysiol.41.351 Posner M. I., 1988, MASTER LECT CLIN NEU, P173 POSNER MI, 1980, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V109, P160, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.109.2.160 POSNER MI, 1984, J NEUROSCI, V4, P1863 POSNER MI, 1990, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V13, P25, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.13.1.25 POSNER MI, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V25, P135, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90049-2 PRITCHARD WS, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P506, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.89.3.506 RAFAL RD, 1988, BRAIN, V111, P267, DOI 10.1093/brain/111.2.267 RAFAL RD, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P7349, DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.20.7349 RAICHLE ME, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P8, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 RAO SL, 1995, HUM BRAIN MAPP S1, V3, P412 REEVES A, 1986, PSYCHOL REV, V93, P180, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.93.2.180 REIS DJ, 1973, SCIENCE, V182, P845, DOI 10.1126/science.182.4114.845 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 SASAKI K, 1972, EXP BRAIN RES, V16, P89 SASAKI K, 1979, EXP BRAIN RES, V37, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF01474266 SCHMAHMANN J, 1995, J COMP NEUROL, V289, P53 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1989, J COMP NEUROL, V289, P53, DOI 10.1002/cne.902890105 SNIDER RS, 1950, ARCH NEURO PSYCHIATR, V64, P196 STERIADE M, 1960, CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V12, P119 THOMPSON RF, 1986, SCIENCE, V233, P941, DOI 10.1126/science.3738519 Townsend J, 1996, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V2, P541 Townsend J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P563 VILENSKY JA, 1981, BRAIN RES, V205, P391, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90348-6 WATSON PJ, 1978, PSYCHOL BULL, V85, P944, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.85.5.944 WEICHSELGARTNER E, 1987, SCIENCE, V238, P778, DOI 10.1126/science.3672124 WILLIAMS RS, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P749 WURTZ RH, 1992, FRONTIERS COGNITIVE, P346 YEO CH, 1985, EXP BRAIN RES, V60, P99, DOI 10.1007/BF00237023 NR 93 TC 64 Z9 65 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0074-7742 BN 0-12-625660-8 J9 INT REV NEUROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Neurobiol. PY 1997 VL 41 BP 575 EP 598 PG 24 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BJ66A UT WOS:A1997BJ66A00027 PM 9378609 ER PT J AU Sedlakova, M AF Sedlakova, M TI Autism and the development of mind - Hobson,RP SO CESKOSLOVENSKA PSYCHOLOGIE LA Czech DT Book Review CR Hobson R. P., 1995, AUTISM DEV MIND NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ACADEMIA PI PRAGUE 1 PA PUBL HOUSE CZECH ACAD SCI VODICKOVA 40, PRAGUE 1, CZECH REPUBLIC 112 29 SN 0009-062X J9 CESK PSYCHOL JI Cesk. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XT444 UT WOS:A1997XT44400025 ER PT J AU Sanders, JL Morgan, SB AF Sanders, JL Morgan, SB TI Family stress and adjustment as perceived by parents of children with autism or Down syndrome: Implications for intervention SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article AB This study examined stress and adjustment in parents of three groups of families: those with an autistic child, those with a Down syndrome child, and those with only developmentally normal children. A total of 54 families participated, with 18 representing each group. Parents of autistic children generally reported more family stress and adjustment problems than parents of children with Down Syndrome who, in turn, reported more stress and adjustment problems than parents of developmentally normal children. Although parents of disabled children reported more stress associated with caring for their child, they generally showed resilience in adjusting to the presence of a severely disabled family member. Implications for family intervention are discussed. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BLANCHER J, 1984, MENT RETARD, V22, P55 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FRIEDRICH WN, 1983, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P41 GALLAGHER JJ, 1983, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P10 GRAY DE, 1993, SOCIOL HEALTH ILL, V15, P102, DOI 10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343802 Harris Sandra L., 1994, SIBLINGS CHILDREN AU HARRIS SL, 1982, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V4, P21 HARRIS SL, 1983, FAMILIES DEV DISABLE HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1975, UNPUB 4 FACTOR INDEX HOLROYD J, 1976, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P431 KOEGEL RL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P683 MCANDREW I, 1976, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V2, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1976.tb00245.x Moos R. H., 1981, FAMILY ENV SCALE MAN MORGAN SB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P263 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 RODRIGUE JR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01058154 RODRIGUE JR, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P665 WICKLER L, 1981, FAM RELAT, V30, P281 NR 19 TC 115 Z9 120 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0731-7107 J9 CHILD FAM BEHAV THER JI Child Fam. Behav. Ther. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1300/J019v19n04_02 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA XZ261 UT WOS:A1997XZ26100002 ER PT J AU Glasberg, BA Harris, SL AF Glasberg, BA Harris, SL TI Grandparents and parents assess the development of their child with autism SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article ID FAMILY AB The grandparent-parent relationship may play a potent role in families with a child with autism. In these families, the parents' need for social and practical support may be greater than in other families. Parents and grandparents of children with autism between the ages of 36 months and 78 months evaluated the child's adaptive functioning using the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (Ireton & Thwing, 1972). Results indicate that each family member's perception of the child correlated significantly with those of the other respondents, but the father's ratings of the child significantly differed from those of the paternal grandparents. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH APPL & PROFESS PSYCHOL,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DOUGLASS DEV DISABIL CTR,CRANBURY,NJ 08512. CR BEBKO JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF01486971 BERNS JH, 1980, VOLTA REV, V77, P557 Gath A, 1978, DOWNS SYNDROME FAMIL GEORGE JD, 1988, MENT RETARD, V26, P369 HARRIS SL, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISABIL, V15, P3 Ireton H., 1972, MINNESOTA CHILD DEV SCHOPLER E, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P387, DOI 10.1007/BF01538171 SEXTON D, 1984, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V50, P556 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0731-7107 J9 CHILD FAM BEHAV THER JI Child Fam. Behav. Ther. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1300/J019v19n02_02 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA WT183 UT WOS:A1997WT18300002 ER PT J AU Roux, S Adrien, JL Bruneau, N Garreau, B Couturier, G Gomot, M Barthelemy, C AF Roux, S Adrien, JL Bruneau, N Garreau, B Couturier, G Gomot, M Barthelemy, C TI Classification of autistic syndrome using behavioral and electrophysiological assessments SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; behavioral scales; evoked potentials; correspondence analysis; cluster analysis ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMITATION; CHILDREN; SUBCLASSIFICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; SUBTYPES AB Clinicians and researchers have observed a degree of heterogeneity within the autistic syndrome which suggests different pathophysiological mechanisms. In this paper, we report the utilization of an original multivariate descriptive statistical method (correspondence analysis followed by cluster analysis) which allowed us to identify different behavioral and electrophysiological profiles within large populations of previously identified autistic children. Firstly, using 13 previously defined core autistic symptoms extracted from the BSE-R scale, we described several meaningful behavioral patterns separated on the basis of four main functions: perception, imitation, sensorimotor activity and emotion. Secondly, using the same statistical approach, a relationship was sought between behaviors and certain patterns of electrocortical reactivity. It revealed an association between the intensity of perceptive disorders and frontocentroparietal electrophysiological reactivity on the one hand, and between attention disturbances and frontal electrophysiological reactivity on the other. Our results from large populations of children confirm the heterogeneity of the autistic syndrome and clearly contribute to the objective identification of subtypes of autism. Moreover, these results provide new working directions by drawing the attention of clinicians and neurophysiologists to phenomena which classical semiology has overlooked. RP Roux, S (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,LAB NEUROPHYSIOL DEV,INSERM U316,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARTHELEMY C, IN PRESS J AUSTISM D Benzecri J.P., 1973, ANAL DONNEES, V2 Benzecri JP, 1969, METHODOLOGIES PATTER, P35 Benzecri JP, 1973, ANAL DONNEES, VI Bergman P, 1949, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V3-4, P333 BRUNEAU N, IN PRESS PSYCHOPYSIO Bruneau N, 1987, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl, V40, P584 BRUNEAU N, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V62, P364, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(85)90045-0 BRUNET O, 1976, ECHELLE DEV PSYCHOMO CAMPBELL M, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P194 CASTELLOE P, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01046217 CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P170 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 FEIN D, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF01837900 HEILMAN KM, 1991, J CHILD NEUROL, V7, P115 HEIMANN M, 1992, BEHAV NEUROL, V5, P219, DOI 10.3233/BEN-1992-5404 HERTZIG ME, 1969, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V28, P195 LEBART L, 1989, MULTIVARIATE DESCRIP LENOIR P, 1995, THESIS PARIS 6 ORNITZ EM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P251, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61084-0 ORNITZ EM, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 ORNITZ EM, 1971, INFANTILE AUTISM CON, P50 RESCORLA L, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P475, DOI 10.1007/BF02211868 ROUX S, 1995, THESIS TOURS Roux S, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P249 SHERMAN M, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P511, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00001 SIEGEL B, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P275, DOI 10.1007/BF01531660 SKINNER HA, 1982, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V50, P727, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.50.5.727 SMITH ML, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P20 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 VOLKMAR FR, 1969, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V28, P82 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WL368 UT WOS:A1997WL36800004 ER PT J AU Waring, RH Ngong, JM Klovrza, L Green, S Sharp, H AF Waring, RH Ngong, JM Klovrza, L Green, S Sharp, H TI Biochemical parameters in autistic children SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE autism; sulphation; phenolsulphotransferase; sulphate; paracetamol (acetaminophen) ID LOW-DOSE PARACETAMOL; SULFATE CONJUGATION; METABOLISM; PHENOLSULFOTRANSFERASE; CATECHOLAMINES; BINDING; DISEASE AB Sulphation capacity was measured in autistic children and age-matched child controls, using paracetamol (acetaminophen) as an in vivo probe drug. Excretion of the sulphate conjugate (but not the glucuronide metabolite) was significantly reduced in autistic children. Plasma levels of inorganic sulphate were also significantly lower in autism as was the activity of platelet phenolsulphotransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the sulphation of paracetamol. These results suggest that a factor in some cases of autism may be decreased capacity to detoxify endogenous and exogenous phenols and amines via sulphation. RP Waring, RH (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH BIOCHEM,POB 363,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR ALAM ZI, 1994, P 6 N AM ISSX M RAL, V6, P249 ANDERSON RJ, 1980, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V103, P79, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(80)90233-8 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF02211876 BONHAMCARTER SM, 1981, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V117, P333, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(81)90121-2 BRADFORD MM, 1976, ANAL BIOCHEM, V72, P248, DOI 10.1006/abio.1976.9999 BRADLEY H, 1991, XENOBIOTICA, V21, P689 COHEN D, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GIBB C, 1987, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V36, P2325, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90598-3 HEAFIELD MT, 1990, NEUROSCI LETT, V110, P216, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90814-P KUCHEL O, 1986, FASEB J, V45, P2254 LEVY G, 1986, FASEB J, V45, P2235 MARAZZITI D, 1994, CEPHALALGIA, V14, P210, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.014003210.x MURCH SH, 1993, LANCET, V341, P711, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90485-Y NGONG JM, 1993, THESIS U BIRMINGHAM PILKINGTON AE, 1989, MED SCI RES, V16, P35 REICHELT KL, 1993, BIOL PERSPECTIVES AU, P65 STEVENTON GB, 1990, XENOBIOTICA, V20, P117 WEINSHILBOUM R, 1992, PHARMACOGENETICS DRU, P227 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WL368 UT WOS:A1997WL36800005 ER PT J AU Reichelt, WH Knivsberg, AM Nodland, M Stensrud, M Reichelt, KL AF Reichelt, WH Knivsberg, AM Nodland, M Stensrud, M Reichelt, KL TI Urinary peptide levels and patterns in autistic children from seven countries, and the effect of dietary intervention after 4 years SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE urine; autism; peptides; diet ID ADULT CELIAC-DISEASE; HUMAN-BREAST MILK; INFANTILE-AUTISM; METABOLISM; EXCRETION; ENDOPEPTIDASE; INHIBITION; PASSAGE; PLASMA; CASEIN AB Urinary samples from children with autistic syndromes, diagnosed according to the DSM III, were collected from seven different countries. The excretion of peptides was analyzed by a new and fast HPLC method, and the increased amount excreted was observed to be statistically the same. A 4-year follow-up of the original cohort of autistic children placed on a diet free of gluten and milk protein showed that those on the diet continued to develop, while those who stopped the diet regressed. The possible and probable etiological relationship of our data to the phenolsulphotransferase data of Waring is outlined. C1 UNIV OSLO,RIKSHOSP,PEDIAT RES INST,N-0027 OSLO,NORWAY. STAVANGER COLL,CTR READING RES,STAVANGER,NORWAY. MADLAVOLL SKOLE,STAVANGER,NORWAY. CR ABASSI Z, 1992, METABOLISM, V41, P683, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90303-R ASANO M, 1991, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V55, P825 Asperger Hans, 1961, ANN PAEDIAT, V197, P146 AXELSSON I, 1986, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V75, P702, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10277.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BLAU N, 1980, J INHERIT METAB S12, V11, P240 BOHLEN P, 1980, INT J PEPT PROT RES, V16, P306 COOKE WT, 1966, BRAIN, V89, P683, DOI 10.1093/brain/89.4.683 DASSA D, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V92, P145, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09558.x DAVIS TP, 1987, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V12, P253, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(87)90049-7 EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 FEINBERG I, 1982, Journal of Psychiatric Research, V17, P319 FINELLI PF, 1980, NEUROLOGY, V30, P245 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FUKUDOME S, 1992, FEBS LETT, V296, P107, DOI 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80414-C GANNON MC, 1995, J NUTR, V125, P1159 Gardner Michael L. G., 1994, P1795 Gardner M. L. G., 1995, ABSORPTION ORALLY AD GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 GILLBERG C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P229 GOBBI G, 1992, LANCET, V340, P439 GRIFFITH OW, 1979, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V76, P268, DOI 10.1073/pnas.76.1.268 Hadjivassiliou M, 1996, LANCET, V347, P369, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90540-1 HALLERT C, 1982, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V17, P25 HASHIMOTO T, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P94 ISRANGKUN PP, 1986, NEUROCHEM PATHOL, V5, P51 KILSHAW PJ, 1984, INT ARCH ALLER A IMM, V75, P8 KINNEY HC, 1982, J NEUROL SCI, V53, P9, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(82)90076-4 Knivsberg AM, 1995, SCAND J EDUC RES, V39, P223, DOI 10.1080/0031383950390304 KNIVSBERG A-M, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P315 KOHIMURA M, 1990, J AGR BIOL CHEM, V54, P1101 KONING PAL, 1990, EUR J PHARMACOL, V97, P15 KONKOY CS, 1993, PEPTIDES, V14, P1017, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90080-Z LABELLA FS, 1985, PEPTIDES, V6, P645, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90168-8 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LECOUTEUR A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P181 LECOUTOUR A, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM, P38 LEKMAN A, 1995, ACTA PAEDIATR, V84, P787, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13757.x LUNDE H, 1982, J NEUROCHEM, V38, P242, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb10876.x MAHE S, 1989, PEPTIDES, V10, P45, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(89)90074-0 MIGLIORESAMOUR D, 1988, EXPERIENTIA, V44, P88 MIGLIORESAMOUR D, 1989, J DAIRY RES, V56, P357 MORRIS IG, 1978, HDB PHYSL, V75, P1491 MURAYUMA S, 1982, J AGR BIOL CHEM, V46, P1393 MYARA I, 1984, LIFE SCI, V34, P1985, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90363-1 OSTER KA, 1974, AM LAB, V6, P41 PAUL KD, 1985, Z KLIN MED, V40, P707 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RAYMOND G, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P483 REICHELT K-L, 1990, Journal of Applied Nutrition, V42, P1 Reichelt K L, 1981, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, V28, P627 Reichelt Karl L., 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P308 REICHELT KL, 1995, PSYCHIAT RES, V58, P171, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(95)02629-B REICHELT KL, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P71 REICHELT KL, 1986, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V21, P1279, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90310-0 RUMSEY JM, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P448 SCHIFTER T, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P155 SCHOUTSEN B, 1984, ARCH INT PHYSIOL BIO, V92, P379, DOI 10.3109/13813458409080614 SHATTOCK P, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P328 SHATTOCK R, 1995, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES, P203 STUART CA, 1984, CLIN ALLERGY, V14, P533, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02240.x THIBAULT L, 1988, J CLIN BIOCHEM NUTR, V4, P209 TRAFICANTE LJ, 1982, PHARMACOL RES COMMUN, V14, P341, DOI 10.1016/S0031-6989(82)80104-5 TRONCONE R, 1987, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V76, P453, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10498.x UNDRUM T, 1982, J CHROMATOGR, V227, P53, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)80355-2 WARD ME, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1199 WARING RH, 1993, BIOL PERSPECTIVES AU, P25 WATANABE Y, 1993, RES COMMUN CHEM PATH, V81, P323 WRIGHT EC, 1979, LIFE SCI, V2, P3 ZAGON IS, 1987, BRAIN RES, V412, P68, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91440-5 NR 71 TC 20 Z9 21 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WL368 UT WOS:A1997WL36800006 ER PT J AU Ferri, R Elia, M DelGracco, S Musumeci, SA Stefanini, MC AF Ferri, R Elia, M DelGracco, S Musumeci, SA Stefanini, MC TI Color mapping of middle-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in autistic mentally retarded children SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE autism; mental retardation; middle-latency somatosensory evoked potentials; topographic mapping; frontal lobe; parietal lobe ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PARIETAL AB Middle-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (MLSEPs) from the median nerve were recorded from 19 scalp electrodes in a group of 9 male autistic mentally retarded children and compared with those obtained from 7 age-matched normal controls. Autistic patients showed a more frontally distributed N60, after stimulation of both sides, a lower amplitude of the parietally distributed P100 and, at approximately 140 ms, a prefrontal area of difference only with stimulation of the right median nerve. This study demonstrates the existence of subtle changes in the MLSEPs in autistic mentally retarded subjects, which are different from those observed in other developmental disorders; they involve both frontal and parietal areas and are more evident after stimulation of the right median nerve, as a probable consequence of altered left/right hemisphere relationships. RP Ferri, R (reprint author), OASI INST RES MENTAL RETARDAT & BRAIN AGING,DEPT NEUROL,IRCCS,VIA CONTE RUGGERO 73,I-94018 TURIN,ITALY. RI Ferri, Raffaele/B-5439-2013 CR ALLISON T, 1992, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V84, P301, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(92)90082-M American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CHIRON C, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P849 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DESMEDT JE, 1987, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V68, P1, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(87)90065-7 DESMEDT JE, 1989, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V74, P321, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(89)90001-4 DESMEDT JE, 1985, ELECTROEN CLIN NEURO, V62, P1, DOI 10.1016/0168-5597(85)90030-9 Duffy F. H., 1986, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING EGAAS B, 1995, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V52, P794 Elia Maurizio, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P348 FERRI R, 1994, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V24, P413, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(05)80074-7 FERRI R, 1994, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V24, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(05)80436-8 FERRI R, 1994, NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, V24, P357, DOI 10.1016/S0987-7053(05)80249-7 HASHIMOTO T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P142, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071280 LOSCHE G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P749, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P218 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WL368 UT WOS:A1997WL36800007 ER PT J AU TagerFlusberg, H Sullivan, K Boshart, J AF TagerFlusberg, H Sullivan, K Boshart, J TI Executive functions and performance on false belief tasks SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION; DECEPTION; AUTISM AB The purpose of this study was to assess whether performance on false belief tasks was dependent on particular components of executive functions, specifically inhibitory control and working memory. Ten children with Prader-Willi syndrome and 14 children with Williams syndrome were given 2 trials of a standard false belief task and 2 executive function tasks. These included Luria's (1966) tapping task, and a modified Stroop task, developed by Diamond and her colleagues (Gerstadt, Hong, & Diamond, 1994). The main findings were that performance on the 2 executive function tasks was quite consistent, although some children had difficulty training on the tapping task. In contrast, there appeared to be no relation between performance on executive function tasks and false belief. These findings are discussed in the context of current theories about the development of theory of mind. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP TagerFlusberg, H (reprint author), EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER CTR MENTAL RETARDAT INC,BEHAV SCI DIV,200 TRAPELO RD,WALTHAM,MA 02254, USA. CR Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P183 BROTHERS L, 1992, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V4, P107, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.107 CASE R, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P51, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90061-P Diamond A, 1996, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V29, P315, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199605)29:4<315::AID-DEV2>3.0.CO;2-T GERSTADT CL, 1994, COGNITION, V53, P129, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-X HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 Luria A. R., 1966, HIGHER CORTICAL FUNC Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUSSELL J, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P301 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P315 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 8756-5641 J9 DEV NEUROPSYCHOL JI Dev. Neuropsychol. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 487 EP 493 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA YH782 UT WOS:A1997YH78200002 ER PT J AU Malvy, J Rouby, P Receveur, C Sauvage, D AF Malvy, J Rouby, P Receveur, C Sauvage, D TI Natural history of infantile autism (Nosography) SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Article DE CFTMEA; DSM IV; ICD 10; infantile autism; Nosography ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CLASSIFICATION; CHILDREN AB Natural history of infantile autism goes from its first description to current classifications. Most authors agree upon the perfect character of Kanner's description in 1943. But ifs situation in the nosography has much developed. The parution of 4rd edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM IV) bring us to analyse this evolution and the place of autistic disorders in the pervasive developmental disorders, with this of associated pathologies. The comparison of current classifications (DSM IV, ICD 10, CFTMEA) allowes us to do correspondence between each diagnostic category in psychosis or developmental disorders of these classifications. It exists a real concordance between DSM IV and ICD 10. The french classification of child and adolescent mental disorders (CFTMEA) proposes original categories. C1 CHU BRETONNEAU,SERV UNIV PEDOPSYCHIAT,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BLEULER E, DEMENTIA PRAECOX BRAUNER A, 1986, ENFANT DEREEL HIST A de Sanctis S, 1906, RIV SPERIMENTALE FRE, V32, P141 EDELSON MG, 1994, ADVOCATE, P12 EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P556 HELLER T, 1909, ZURICH F KINDERFORSC, V37, P661 HOCHMANN J, 1994, REV FR PSYCHANAL, P29 ITARD JMG, 1964, ENFANTS SAUVAGES Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KRAEPELIN E, 1986, LEHRBUCH PSYCHIAT LEBOYER M, 1985, AUTISME INFANTILE FA Lelord G, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Malson Lucien, 1964, ENFANTS SAUVAGES MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 MISES R, 1970, ENCY MED CHIR PSYCHI *OMS, 1993, CLASS INT TROUBL MEN PERROTBEAUGERIE A, 1989, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V37, P39 RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 RITVO ER, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P565, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61011-6 ROGERS SJ, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P863, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00004 RUTTER M, 1989, AUTISTIC DIAGNOSTIC SAUVAGE D, 1988, AUTISME NOURISSON JE SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 TARDIEU M, 1991, PRESSE MED, V20, P1413 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 PU DOIN EDITEURS PI PARIS PA 47 RUE SAINT-ANDRE-DES-ARTS, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0013-7006 J9 ENCEPHALE JI Enceph.-Rev. Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA WM988 UT WOS:A1997WM98800005 PM 9172965 ER PT J AU Bashina, VM Gorbachevskaya, NL Simashkova, NV Yakupova, LP Skvortsov, IA Osipenko, TN Gratchev, VV Klushnik, TP AF Bashina, VM Gorbachevskaya, NL Simashkova, NV Yakupova, LP Skvortsov, IA Osipenko, TN Gratchev, VV Klushnik, TP TI Severe forms of early childhood autism: New approach of pathogenesis SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. CR BASHINA VM, 1994, J NEUROPATHOL PSYCHI, V3, P52 BASHINA VM, 1995, CHILDHOOD ECOPATHOLO, P283 GALKINA NS, 1994, VESTN ROS AKAD MED+, P36 KLEKAMP J, 1991, J NEUROL SCI, V103, P136, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(91)90156-2 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1997 VL 6 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YN935 UT WOS:000071223500010 ER PT J AU Zappella, M AF Zappella, M TI The preserved speech variant of the Rett complex: a report of 8 cases SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Rett Syndrome CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 1996 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN DE Rett syndrome (RS); autism AB In 7 Italian girls and one of Indian descent a syndrome is described with a neurodevelopmental profile and some symptoms similar to the classic Rett syndrome but with notable differences. The initial psychomotor development, usually reported as normal or close to normal, is followed by the first two stages of the disorder, identical to the classic Rett syndrome. Over a period varying between a few months or a few years a third stage begins when they slowly recover their ability to interact with people and in subsequent years begin to speak with words and fully formed sentences, echolalic and with pronoun reversal. Autistic features usually remain to a considerable extent. They slowly recover the ability to use their hands, although some degree of hand dyspraxia usually remains and their gait may become more appropriate. Hand-washing, hand-clapping, or hand-twisting are present. Bruxism, hyperventilation, microcephaly, epilepsy, kyphoscoliosis can only rarely be observed. Their height and weight are usually normal. C1 Gen Hosp, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Zappella, M (reprint author), Gen Hosp, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Viale Bracci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIANGN STAT MAN MENT HAGBERG BA, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P5, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90082-5 Pini G, 1996, CLIN GENET, V50, P486 SKJELDAL OH, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P87, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979732 ZAPPELLA M, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P98 ZAPPELLA M, 1997, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Zappella M, 1994, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V3, P52 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1997 VL 6 SU 1 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YN935 UT WOS:000071223500017 PM 9452915 ER PT J AU Woodyatt, G Ozanne, A AF Woodyatt, G Ozanne, A TI Rett syndrome (RS) and profound intellectual disability: cognitive and communicative similarities and differences SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Rett Syndrome CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 1996 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN DE Rett syndrome; cognition; communication ID DIAGNOSIS; AUTISM AB The communicative and cognitive behaviours of a group of 10 girls with Rett syndrome (RS) were compared with those of a group of girls with non-Rett profound intellectual disability (NPID). The results suggest that the girls with RS were a comparatively homogenous group demonstrating similar cognitive patterns, and fewer communicative behaviours, communicative functions, and total numbers of inferred communicative acts than the NPID group. Fewer girls with RS were intentionally communicating to communicative partners. Implications of these findings will be discussed in this paper. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Woodyatt, G (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. CR DODD B, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P632 DUNST CJ, 1980, CLIN MANUAL USE WITH Meyerson M D, 1985, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V21, P47 OLSSON B, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P281 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 Woodyatt Gail, 1994, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V19, P173 SCHOPMEYER B, 1992, FRAGILE 10 CHILD WOOD BD, 1993, AM J POLIT SCI, V37, P1, DOI 10.2307/2111522 WOODYATT G, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF01058148 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1997 VL 6 SU 1 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YN935 UT WOS:000071223500019 PM 9452917 ER PT J AU von Tetzchner, S AF von Tetzchner, S TI Communication skills among females with Rett syndrome SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Rett Syndrome CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 1996 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN DE Rett syndrome; communication; intension ID CHILDREN; ABILITIES; AUTISM; GIRLS AB The present study describes communicative behaviors of 42 Norwegian girls and women with Rett syndrome (RS) aged 21/2-47 years. Most of them did not seem to show behaviors which may be interpreted as indicative of an intention to communicate. Many did not use gaze shifts, and the shifts of those who did were usually limited to 1-3 turns. The implication for intervention is a need to apply structured overinterpretation where significant people in the environment systematic interpret behaviors indicative of interests, needs and preferences as communicative, as well as structured total communication to provide non-speech means of communication. It is argued that although the use of these strategies often will not lead to intentional communicative behaviors in females with RS, they may contribute to a responsive and predictable environment for the females and to the establishment of a set of strategies which may be used by significant people in their environment. C1 Univ Oslo, Inst Psychol, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. RP von Tetzchner, S (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Inst Psychol, POB 1094, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 ARMSTRONG DD, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, pS89 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V5, P1509, DOI 10.1097/00001756-199407000-00025 BJERKAN B, 1983, 2ND INT C SOC PSYCH Bretherton I., 1979, SOCIAL INTERACTION C, P81 BURD L, 1988, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V12, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80060-5 FONTANESI J, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS20 GARBER N, 1990, J COMMUN DISORD, V23, P61, DOI 10.1016/0021-9924(90)90013-O HAGBERG B, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V24, P47 HAGBERG B, 1995, ACTA PAEDIATR, V84, P971, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13809.x KERR AM, 1985, BRIT MED J, V291, P579 Lindberg B, 1991, UNDERSTANDING RETT S Lock A. J., 1980, GUIDED REINVENTION L Maharaj S. C., 1980, PICTOGRAM IDEOGRAM C MARTINSEN H, 1980, MONOGRAFISERIEN, V6, P122 MARTINSEN H, 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P37 MARTINSEN H, 1988, 3 EUR C DEV PSYCH BU NAIDU S, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P5 OLSSON B, 1990, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V12, P11 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 PERCY A, 1993, J CHILD NEUROL, V8, P97 Ryan J., 1974, INTEGRATION CHILD SO, P185 RYAN J, 1977, PSYCHOLINGUISTIC SER, V1, P99 SARRIA E, 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, P49 SCHACHTER H, 1989, SYM SOC EXP BIOL, V43, P1 SHARPE PA, 1992, AM J OCCUP THER, V46, P134 Shatz Marilyn, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, VIII, P841 Shore C., 1987, HDB INFANT DEV, P149 Sigafoos J, 1995, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V20, P175 Sigafoos J., 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V12, P88, DOI 10.1080/07434619612331277538 SKJELDAL OH, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P87, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979732 TREVARTHEN C, 1986, J MENTAL DEFICIENCY, V31, P106 VANACKER R, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P381 vonTetzchner S, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P212 VONTETZCHNER S, 1992, INTRO SIGN TEACHING WITTENGERSTROM I, 1990, ACTA PAEDIATR SC S, V289, P1 WOODYATT G, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF01058148 WOODYATT GC, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P419 WOODYATT GC, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P83 ZAPPELLA M, 1986, AM J MED GENETICS S, V29, P143 ZAPPELLA M, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P98 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1997 VL 6 SU 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YN935 UT WOS:000071223500020 PM 9452918 ER PT J AU Garreau, B Carmagnat, C Sauvage, D AF Garreau, B Carmagnat, C Sauvage, D TI Rett syndrome and autism: a comparative study with home movies SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, Dept Psychopathol Enfant & Neurophysiol Dev, F-37044 Tours, France. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PY 1997 VL 6 SU 1 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YN935 UT WOS:000071223500022 ER PT J AU vonTetzchner, S AF vonTetzchner, S TI Historical issues in intervention research: Hidden knowledge and facilitating techniques in Denmark SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE communication impairment; facilitated communication; history; intervention ID CHILD PROTECTION; COMMUNICATION; AUTISM; WORDS; ABUSE AB Facilitating techniques have recently both gained wider popularity and stirred considerable controversy. They are usually assumed to originate in Australia but the present paper documents that similar techniques created a major public event in Denmark and appeared occasionally in the USA in the 1960s and 1970s. However, in spite of the dramatic claims made by proponents of the techniques, their use did not spread widely and the international network has remained tenuous. It is argued that the 'discovery' of facilitating techniques as a means to disclose unexpected literacy depends on the use of hand guidance and a context of professional beliefs where responses of unclear origin may be attributed to the person whose hand is being guided. RP vonTetzchner, S (reprint author), UNIV OSLO,DEPT PSYCHOL,POB 1094,N-0317 OSLO,NORWAY. CR ALSTEAD C, 1980, LEVENDE BILLEDER, V6, P22 ARNFRED A, 1982, SKOLEPSYKOLOGI, V19, P314 BERGER CL, 1994, COMMUNICATION OUTLOO, V16, P9 BERGER CL, 1992, COMMUNICATION OUTLOO, V14, P5 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS Biklen D., 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 BIKLEN D, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P173 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P1 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 BLIGH S, 1994, COMMUNICATION OUTLOO, V16, P5 *BO ENH M HUS, 1986, HVAD SKER M HUSET COWAN PA, 1965, CHILD DEV, V36, P913, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1965.tb05348.x Creak E. M., 1961, CEREBRAL PALSY B, V3, P501 CROSSLEY R, 1990, DOS DONTS RECEIVERS CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 Crossley R., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC Crossley R., 1980, ANNIES COMING OUT CROSSLEY R, 1988, 3 BIENN C INT SOC AU CROSSLEY R, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P15 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 Deslauriers A. M., 1969, YOUR CHILD IS ASLEEP DILLON KM, 1994, PSYCHOL REP, V75, P459 Doman Glenn, 1974, WHAT DO YOUR BRAIN I DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 DUCHAN JF, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P206 EBERLIN M, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P507, DOI 10.1007/BF01046053 FENICHEL C, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02105369 FENICHEL C, 1960, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V30, P130 GJOL J, 1988, HVORFOR LUKKER DOREN GOODWIN MS, 1969, MENT HYG, V53, P550 Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC GREVE A, 1979, SA PEDAGOGEN, V5, P237 Haft M., 1988, CONDUCTIVE ED HANSEN E, 1969, HVOFOR LUKKER DOREN HANSEN E, 1975, BEHANDLING AV BORNEP HARACOPOS D, 1975, PSYKOTISK ADFERD HECKLER S, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P539, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90008-6 HECKLER S, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P495, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90003-5 HOSTLER SL, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P1190 HUDSON A, 1995, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V17 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 JACOBSON JW, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P750, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.9.750 JOHNSON I, 1989, J SOCIAL WORK PRACTI, V1, P13 JONES DPH, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P491, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90002-7 JUNKER KS, 1964, CHILD GLASS BALL Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Klein M., 1988, ENVY GRATITUDE OTHER KLEWE L, 1994, TRO HAB OOJ PAEDAGOG KLEWE L, 1994, TRO HAB PAEDAGOGIK KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 LANSING MD, 1978, AUTISM Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN Mahler-Schoenberger M, 1942, PSYCHOANAL QUART, V11, P149 MAIWALD A, 1994, ISAAC 94 C BOOK P MCLEAN J, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P25 MUDFORD OC, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P345 Oppenheim Rosalind, 1974, EFFECTIVE TEACHING M PEABODY, 1965, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA RICHER J, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P531, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90007-8 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV, V6, P1 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT, V6, P7 RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P7 RUTTER M, 1978, AUTISM SABIN LA, 1993, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V18, P200 SCHALOW AT, 1985, INTEGRATING MODERATE SELLIN A, 1992, AUTISMUS, V33, P2 SHANE HC, 1993, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 Sinason V, 1992, MENTAL HANDICAP HUMA SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 STARR E, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P515, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90005-1 STAUN K, 1979, SA PEDAGOGEN, V9, P424 THUESEN N, 1981, SKOLEPSYKOLOGI, V18, P173 VONTETZCHNER S, 1992, INTRO SIGN TEACHING VONTETZCHNER S, 1996, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V11, P151 VONTETZCHNER S, 1990, CP BLADET, V36, P5 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 Zangari C., 1994, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V10, P27, DOI 10.1080/07434619412331276740 NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XC298 UT WOS:A1997XC29800001 PM 9135710 ER PT J AU Crossley, R AF Crossley, R TI Remediation of communication problems through facilitated communication training: A case study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE facilitated communication training (FCT); remediation ID AUTISM; QUESTIONS AB Facilitated communication training (FCT) is an educational technique intended to allow people who cannot speak or sign fluently to develop the hand skills necessary to use other non-speech communication strategies. it involves support to the arm, wrist or hand of the student, who is thus enabled to control his pointing, and has recently been the subject of considerable debate. Critics of the technique have cast doubt on the existence of any language problem remediable by touch. This study discusses the case of a person who had a language problem that did not appear to be connected with overt neuromotor impairment, was not accompanied by behavioural disturbance, and was remediable by touch alone. The case raises some interesting questions about the relation of physical prompts to language use. RP Crossley, R (reprint author), DEAL COMMUN CTR,538 DAADENONG RD,CAULFIELD,VIC 3162,AUSTRALIA. CR BALDAC S, 1997, CONTESTED WORDS CONT Biklen D, 1995, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V20, P45 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 CABAY M, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P517, DOI 10.1007/BF02172132 Cardinal DN, 1996, MENT RETARD, V34, P231 CREWS WD, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02178505 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CUMMINS RA, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P228 Damasio A., 1994, DESCARTES ERROR HUDSON A, 1995, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V17, P197 JANZENWILDE ML, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P658 OLENY M, 1995, J AM SPEECH HEARING, V20, P57 PRIOR M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01048237 Sacks Oliver, 1991, AWAKENINGS SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 SMITH MD, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P357, DOI 10.1007/BF02172233 VAZQUEZ C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P269 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XC298 UT WOS:A1997XC29800004 PM 9135713 ER PT J AU Nuyts, J DeRoeck, A AF Nuyts, J DeRoeck, A TI Autism and meta-representation: the case of epistemic modality SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE autism; epistemic modality; meta-representation; Theory of Mind ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; MIND; ACQUISITION; KNOWLEDGE; DEFICITS; PEOPLE; STATES AB This paper investigates the meta-representational abilities of high-functioning autistic adults on the basis of their use of linguistic expression forms of epistemic modality. The investigation is based on data drawn from natural conversations (in Dutch) with four autistic subjects with varying IQ levels. Parallel to an existing in-depth corpus study of epistemic modal expression forms in normal language use (i.e. the 'control data' for the present study), the occurrences in the data of four types of such expression forms - modal adverbs (ADV), predicative adjectives (ADJ), mental state predicates (MSP), and auxiliaries (AUX) - are analysed in terms of their quantitative and qualitative comparability to the normal data. The results show normal usage of these forms for three of the subjects. Only one subject, with the lowest general IQ of the four, shows problems with particular types of usages. It is argued that these results show that although there is some truth to the classical 'Theory of Mind' theories of autism, they turn out to be too simple to account for the data. Suggestions for an alternative way of thinking about the nature of autism are offered. RP Nuyts, J (reprint author), UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,UNIV PLEIN 1,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Chafe Wallace, 1986, EVIDENTIALITY CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x DEROECK A, 1995, THESIS U ANTWERP EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 Fay W. H., 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Harris P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P228 HICKMANN M, 1993, 1 LANGUAGE, V13, P359, DOI 10.1177/014272379301303905 HOLROYD S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF01046226 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 JOHNSON CN, 1982, LANGUAGE DEV, V1, P445 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 LESLIE AM, 1983, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 Lyons John, 1977, SEMANTICS NUYTS J, 1993, CHICAGO LINGUISTIC S, V29, P271 NUYTS J, 1993, LINGUISTICS, V31, P933, DOI 10.1515/ling.1993.31.5.933 NUYTS J, 1989, ANTWERP PAPERS LINGU, P62 NUYTS J, 1994, EPISTEMIC MODAL QUAL, P81 NUYTS J, 1993, SEMIOTICA, V94, P201, DOI 10.1515/semi.1993.94.3-4.201 Nuyts Jan, 1992, ASPECTS COGNITIVE PR OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Palmer F. R., 1986, MOOD MODALITY PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 SHATZ M, 1983, COGNITION, V14, P301, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90008-2 Shopen Timothy, 1985, LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SY, VII, P42 SMITH NV, MUTUAL KNOWLEDGE SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x Sperber D, 1986, RELEVANCE STEPHANY U, 1986, LANGUAGE ACQUISITION TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03604.x Urmson J. O, 1952, MIND, V61, P480 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D., 1955, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 SI SI BP 113 EP 137 PG 25 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XM865 UT WOS:A1997XM86500007 PM 9279430 ER PT J AU Botting, N ContiRamsden, G Crutchley, A AF Botting, N ContiRamsden, G Crutchley, A TI Concordance between teacher/therapist opinion and formal language assessment scores in children with language impairment SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE concordance; formal language assessment; teacher/therapist opinion ID SEMANTIC PRAGMATIC DISORDER; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; IDENTIFYING CHILDREN; AUTISM AB As part of a wirier study, 242 children attending language units attached to mainstream schools were assessed on a number of formal language assessments. In addition, each child's teacher was asked to state whether, for each of four areas of language difficulty, the participant exhibited this impairment. The four areas were: articulation, phonology, syntax/morphology and semantic/pragmatic impairment. This report compares test results between children thought by their teacher or therapist to show each impairment and those not thought clinically to show the difficulty. Investigations into suitable cut-off scores for the tests used were also examined using level of agreement between the two modes of assessment as criteria, For articulation, phonology and syntax/morphology, teacher opinion was found to discriminate significantly on at least some formal tests. However, for children with semantic/pragmatic impairment, no tests used identified their problems. Furthermore, by use of 25th centile cut-off scores, 66% agreement levels between teacher and lest groupings were found in all bur the group with semantic/pragmatic impairments. The importance and limitations of analysis of teacher-test concordance is discussed as well as the current lack of suitable formal assessment material for semantic and pragmatic language impairment. RP Botting, N (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,SCH EDUC,CTR EDUC NEEDS,OXFORD RD,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR ADAMS C, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P211 ARAM DM, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P580 ARAM DM, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P549 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 Bishop D. V. M, 1982, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM BISHOP DVM, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P156 BISHOP DVM, 1991, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V12, P199, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400009140 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P241 BLAKE J, 1993, J CHILD LANG, V20, P139 CONTIRAMSDEN G, IN PRESS J SPEECH HE ELLIOT CD, 1983, BRIT ABILTY SCALES GERMAN DJ, 1990, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V50, P383, DOI 10.1177/0013164490502017 Goldman R., 1986, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST HUTT E, 1987, ADEQUATE PROVISION S Kirk S. A., 1968, ILLINOIS TEST PSYCHO LISTERBROOK S, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P61 Rapin I, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LANG, P155 Rapin I, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P643, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01456.x Renfrew C., 1991, BUS STORY TEST CONTI Shields J, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P487 *SPSS, 1993, SPSS WIND VERS 6 0 C Vance M, 1994, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V10, P23, DOI 10.1177/026565909401000102 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XZ390 UT WOS:A1997XZ39000002 PM 9474284 ER PT J AU Howes, R AF Howes, R TI Children with autism - Trevarthen,C, Aitken,K, Papoudi,D, Roberts,J SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review CR Trevarthen C, 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 367 EP 369 PG 3 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XZ390 UT WOS:A1997XZ39000006 ER PT J AU Howes, R AF Howes, R TI Autism - An inside out approach - Williams,D SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DISORDERS OF COMMUNICATION LA English DT Book Review CR Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0963-7273 J9 EUR J DISORDER COMM JI Eur. J. Disord. Commun. PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 367 EP 369 PG 3 WC Communication; Rehabilitation SC Communication; Rehabilitation GA XZ390 UT WOS:A1997XZ39000007 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, WMA Tuinier, S AF Verhoeven, WMA Tuinier, S TI Neuropsychiatric consultation in mentally retarded patients: A clinical report SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE mental retardation; neuropsychiatric diagnosis; bipolar affective disorder; cycloid psychosis ID RETARDATION; PSYCHIATRY; PSYCHOSES; DEFECTIVES; DISORDERS; ILLNESS; ADULTS AB The present study describes the results of neuropsychiatric consultations in 70 institutionalized mentally retarded patients. On the basis of their major complaint, patients were assigned to eight overlapping categories. Diagnoses of a certain probability were established during multidisciplinary consensus meetings and classification was achieved according to ICD-IO criteria. In ten patients mental retardation was related to a specific syndrome; seizures or somatic comorbidity were present in 40 patients. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were: unspecified bipolar affective disorder (n = 14), depressive disorder (n = 6), impulse control disorder (n = 12), cycloid, transient, or schizoaffective psychotic disorder (n = 14), and (atypical) autism (n = 7). Recent history revealed a high occurrence of serious side effects of psychotropics or pharmacokinetic interactions. Appropriate pharmacological intervention resulted in an amelioration of the behavioural condition in about half of the patients. It is emphasized that psychiatric disorders frequently present with an atypical psychopathology and that stress- and anxiety-related disorders are most probably underdiagnosed. RP Verhoeven, WMA (reprint author), VINCENT VAN GOGH INST PSYCHIAT,STN WEG 46,NL-5803 AC VENRAY,NETHERLANDS. CR AMAN AG, 1991, ASSESSING PSYCHOPATH Brugger C, 1928, Z GESAMTE NEUROL PSY, V113, P348, DOI 10.1007/BF02884509 CLARKE DJ, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P680, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.5.680 CREWS WD, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P688 Duncan AG, 1936, J MENT SCI, V82, P635 EINFELD SL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P143, DOI 10.1007/BF02178501 Glaus A, 1936, SCHWEIZ ARCH NEUROL, V37, P238 GLUE P, 1989, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V26, P250, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90037-1 GORDON A, 1918, AM J INSANITY, V75, P489 JAN JE, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V10, P34, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90064-7 KING BH, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1802 KING BH, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P93 LUND J, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02655.x Medow W, 1925, MON PSYCHIATR NEUROL, V58, P222 MEINS W, 1995, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V39, P41 NEUSTADT R, 1927, ARCH PSYCHIAT, V82, P78 REID AH, 1972, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V120, P213, DOI 10.1192/bjp.120.555.213 REID AH, 1972, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V120, P205, DOI 10.1192/bjp.120.555.205 REID AH, 1983, J ROY SOC MED, V76, P587 SARTORIUS N, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1427 SINGH NN, 1991, BEHAV MODIF, V15, P419, DOI 10.1177/01454455910153008 SOVNER R, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P61 SWIFT RG, 1990, LANCET, V336, P667, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92157-D TRIMBLE MR, 1992, NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE, V5, P103 TUINIER S, 1994, CURRENT OPINION PSYC, V7, P380, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199409000-00004 Verhoeven WMA, 1996, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V40, P502, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00660.x WOLF P, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V27, P127, DOI 10.1159/000118967 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 1997 VL 12 IS 5 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0924-9338(97)83298-1 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XL268 UT WOS:A1997XL26800004 ER PT J AU deBonis, M AF deBonis, M TI Pathology of identification - Autism, neurosis, borderline states - French - Stoloff,JC SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE LA French DT Book Review CR STOLOFF JC, 1997, PATHOLOGIES IDENTIFI NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU EDITIONS CENTRE PSYCHOL APPL PI PARIS PA 48 AVENUE VICTOR HUGO, 75783 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1162-9088 J9 EUR REV APPL PSYCHOL JI Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol.-Rev. Eur. Psychol. Appl. PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA XQ698 UT WOS:A1997XQ69800013 ER PT J AU Tomasello, M Camaioni, L AF Tomasello, M Camaioni, L TI A comparison of the gestural communication of apes and human infants SO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE communication; gestures; language; social cognition; theory of mind ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; YOUNG CHIMPANZEES; PAN-PANISCUS; SENSORIMOTOR; ATTENTION; IMITATION; LANGUAGE; ACQUISITION; ORANGUTANS; CALLS AB The naturally occurring gestures of chimpanzees and prelinguistic human infants are compared. Considered as special cases are apes raised by humans as they gesture to humans, and children with autism. Overall, the most important differences between the gestures of typically developing children and the gestures of individuals from the other three groups concern: (1) their predominant use of triadic, distal gestures; (2) their extensive use of declarative gestures, and (3) their use of imitative learning in acquiring some gestures (symbolic or referential), which implies that the gestures are understood as bi-directional communicative conventions. These differences all derive from the uniquely human form of social cognition (i.e., knowledge of other minds) that first emerges during the 2nd year of life and that enables human infants to understand other persons as intentional agents with whom they may share experience, Implications for the origins and evolution of human culture and language are discussed. C1 UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,ROME,ITALY. RP Tomasello, M (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. CR ABRAHAMSEN EP, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF02206858 ACREDOLO L, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P450, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01480.x ADAMSON L, 1982, EMOTION EARLY INTERA Armstrong D. F., 1995, GESTURE NATURE LANGU BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BARD KA, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1186, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01688.x BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, MIDNBLINDNESS ESSAY BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BARRESI J, IN PRESS BEHAV BRAIN Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS BATES E, 1975, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V21, P205 BUTTERWORTH G, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P55 CALL J, 1996, READING THOUGHT MIND CALL J, 1994, J COMP PSYCHOL, V108, P307, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.108.4.307 CAMAIONI L, 1993, NEW PERSPECTIVES EAR CAMAIONI L, 1994, 9 BIENN M INT SOC IN CARPENTER M, 1995, THESIS EMORY U ATLAN CARPENTER M, 1995, SOC DEV, V4, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00063.x Caselli Maria Cristina, 1983, ETA EVOLUTIVA, V16, P36 Cheney D. L., 1990, MONKEYS SEE WORLD Cheney DL, 1987, PRIMATE SOC CLARK A, 1994, INT J PRIMATOL, V15, P585 Corkum V, 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 ERIKSSON AS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P127, DOI 10.1007/BF01046408 GARDNER RA, 1969, SCIENCE, V165, P664, DOI 10.1126/science.165.3894.664 Gomez J. C., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P397 Gomez J.C., 1990, P333, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511665486.014 GOOD DW, 1993, SEMIN NEPHROL, V13, P225 Goodall J, 1986, CHIMPANZEES GOMBE PA HAUSER MD, 1987, FOLIA PRIMATOL, V48, P207, DOI 10.1159/000156298 HAUSER MD, 1993, ANIM BEHAV, V45, P817, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1096 Hayes C., 1952, APE OUR HOUSE HEWES G, 1976, ORIGINS EVOLUTION LA, V280 HOPKINS WD, 1991, INT J PRIMATOL, V12, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF02547670 IVERSON JM, 1994, COGNITIVE DEV, V9, P23, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(94)90018-3 Kaplan H., 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION Kaye K., 1982, MENTAL SOCIAL LIFE B Klinnert M. D., 1983, EMOTION THEORY RES E, V2, P57 LANDRY S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P621 LOCK A, 1990, GESTURE LANGUAGE HEA LOSCHE G, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P749, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00815.x Masur E. F., 1980, PAPERS REPORTS CHILD, V19, P121 MASUR EF, 1983, J PSYCHOLINGUIST RES, V12, P93, DOI 10.1007/BF01067406 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER MELTZOFF AN, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P217, DOI 10.2307/1130404 Miles H.L.W., 1990, P511, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511665486.021 MITANI JC, 1993, ANIM BEHAV, V45, P735, DOI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1088 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x NEWSON E, 1984, COMMUNICATION, V18, P16 NISHIDA T, 1980, J HUM EVOL, V9, P117, DOI 10.1016/0047-2484(80)90068-8 Patterson F, 1978, SIGN LANGUAGE LANGUA, P161 PERUCCHINI P, 1993, BPS ANN C DEV SECT B PHILLIPS W, 1994, UNPUB TREATING PEOPL Plooij F. X., 1978, ACTION GESTURE SYMBO, P111 Povinelli DJ, 1996, PSYCHOL SCI, V7, P129, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00345.x Savage-Rumbaugh E. S., 1986, APE LANGUAGE SAVAGERUMBAUGH ES, 1983, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V112, P457, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.112.4.457 SAVAGERUMBAUGH ES, 1988, NEBRASKA S MOTIVATIO, P201 SAVAGERUMBAUGH S, 1986, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V115, P211, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.115.3.211 SAVAGERUMBAUGH S, 1985, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V9, P653, DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(85)90012-0 SEYFARTH R, 1987, PRIMATE SOC SEYFARTH R, IN PRESS SOCIAL INFL SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 SMITH WJ, 1977, BEHAVIOR COMMUNICATI SNOWDON C, 1988, COMP PERSPECTIVES MO Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD Stern D. N., 1977, 1 RELATIONSHIP SUGARMAN S, 1978, SOCIAL CONTEXT LANGU Tinbergen N., 1951, STUDY INSTINCT TOMASELLO M, 1985, J HUM EVOL, V14, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80005-1 TOMASELLO M, 1995, JOINT ATTNETION ITS TOMASELLO M, 1989, PRIMATES, V30, P35, DOI 10.1007/BF02381209 Tomasello Michael, 1994, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, V37, P273 TOMASELLO M, IN PRESS PIAGET EVOL TOMASELLO M, 1994, CHIMPANZEE CULTURES TOMASELLO M, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P495 TOMASELLO M, 1994, PRIMATES, V35, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF02382050 TOMASELLO M, 1996, SOCIAL LEARNING IMIT Tomasello M., 1990, P274, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511665486.012 TREVARTHEN C., 1978, ACTION GESTURE SYMBO TREVARTHEN C, 1979, HUMAN ETHNOLOGY CLAI VYGOTSKII LS, 1962, THOUGHT LANGUAGE Wetherby A., 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P367 NR 88 TC 62 Z9 63 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0018-716X J9 HUM DEV JI Hum. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 7 EP 24 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WP767 UT WOS:A1997WP76700002 ER PT J AU Costall, A AF Costall, A TI Innocence and corruption: Conflicting images of child art SO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Symposium of the Jean-Piaget-Society, Values and Knowledge on The Cultural and Genetic Constraints on The Development of Aesthetics CY JUN 03-05, 1993 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Jean Piaget Soc DE perspective; children's drawings; autism; art education; Luquet ID VISUAL REALISM; DRAWINGS AB For more than a century, theoretical discussion of child art within psychology, education, and art history has been largely structured by two schemas of innocence and corruption. Each appeals to a conception of a pure mode of vision, yet in two contrasting ways. The visionary schema dismisses linear perspective as a perversion by the adult culture of the child's imaginative vision. The perceptual schema regards perspectival art as the one natural mode of representation, and the distinctive art of the child as the sign of early corruption. Furthermore, despite their contrasting emphases, their conflicting ideals of art are equally and essentially anti-developmental and anti-historical. This paper traces the careers of these schemas, and their influence upon and paradoxical relation to the recent literature, including the most widely held account of the artistic achievements of autistic children and the claims of experimental researchers that young children are capable of drawing in perspective. The paper closes by drawing attention to Luquet, an early theorist widely associated with the schema of perceptual innocence, yet whose work has been radically misinterpreted. It is argued that Luquet was, in fact, beginning to define a new theoretical space beyond each of these conflicting and highly problematic schemas of innocence. RP Costall, A (reprint author), PORTSMOUTH POLYTECH,DEPT PSYCHOL,KING HENRY BLDG,KING HENRY 1 ST,PORTSMOUTH PO1 2DY,HANTS,ENGLAND. CR ARNHEIM R, 1980, ART PSYCHOTHER, V7, P79, DOI 10.1016/0197-4556(80)90013-1 ARNHEIM R, 1947, PSYCHOL REV, V54, P66, DOI 10.1037/h0056797 Arnheim R., 1974, ART VISUAL PERCEPTIO ARNHEIM R, 1990, J AESTHET EDUC, V24, P57, DOI 10.2307/3332799 ATLAS JA, 1985, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V3, P341, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(85)90035-2 BARNES E, 1894, PEDAGOGICAL SEMINARY, V3, P302 BREMNER JG, 1984, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V2, P371 Buhler K., 1930, MENTAL DEV CHILD BURK F, 1902, PEDAGOGICAL SEMINARY, V9, P296 CHARMAN T, 1993, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P171 COSTALL A, 1993, IMAGE VISION COMPUT, V11, P334, DOI 10.1016/0262-8856(93)90012-6 COSTALL AP, 1985, EVOLUTION DEV PSYCHO COSTALL AP, 1991, STUDIES PERCEPTION A Cox M. V., 1992, CHILDRENS DRAWINGS Danziger K., 1990, CONSTRUCTING SUBJECT EAMES K, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P235 Freeman N. H., 1985, VISUAL ORDER Fry Edward F., 1978, CUBISM HATFIELD GC, 1979, ISIS, V70, P363, DOI 10.1086/352281 HOWE MJA, 1989, FRAGMENTS GENIUS INV JAMESON K, 1968, PRESCHOOL ART INFANT LARKHOROWITZ B, 1967, UNDERSTANDING CHILDR LEWIS V, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P393 LOEWY E, 1907, RENDERING NATURE EAR LOWENFELD V, 1952, NATURE CREATIVE ACTI LOWENFELD V, 1951, J AESTHETICS ART CRI, V10, P1, DOI 10.2307/426783 LUKENS HT, 1899, P NATL ED ASS, P945 LUQUET GH, 1913, THESIS U LILLE PARIS LUQUET GH, 1977, DESSIN ENFANTIN LUQUET GH, 1924, J PSYCHOL, V21, P183 Macgregor John M., 1989, DISCOVERY ART INSANE MATTHEWS J, 1996, COMMENTARIES Morss J.R., 1990, BIOL CHILDHOOD DEV P PARISER D, 1981, J STUDIES ART ED, V22, P20 Piaget J., 1956, CHILDS CONCEPTION SP PREYER W, 1888, MIND CHILD 1 RICCI C, 1887, ART BAMBINI Selfe L., 1983, NORMAL ANOMALOUS REP Sully James, 1895, STUDIES CHILDHOOD SUTTON G, 1967, ART ARTISAN HIST TEA Thomas G. V., 1990, INTRO PSYCHOL CHILDR VERWORN M, 1917, PSYCHOL PRIMITIVEN K VIOLA W, 1945, CHILD ART WADDLE CW, 1918, INTRO CHILD PSYCHOL WERCKMEISTER OK, 1977, ART MAG, V52, P138 Werner H., 1948, COMP PSYCHOL MENTAL Willcox A. R., 1984, ROCK ART AFRICA Winner E., 1982, INVENTED WORLDS NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0018-716X J9 HUM DEV JI Hum. Dev. PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA XM525 UT WOS:A1997XM52500002 ER PT S AU Grossman, JB Carter, A Volkmar, FR AF Grossman, JB Carter, A Volkmar, FR BE Carter, CS Lederhendler, II Kirkpatrick, B TI Social behavior in autism SO INTEGRATIVE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AFFILIATION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Review CT Conference of the New-York-Academy-of-Sciences on the Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation CY MAR 14-17, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP New York Acad Sci, NIMH, MICHHD, Natl Sci Fdn ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; LISTENING PREFERENCES; ATTACHMENT BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SYMBOLIC PLAY; FALSE BELIEFS; MIND; REPRESENTATION; DISORDERS C1 YALE UNIV, CTR CHILD STUDY, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. RP Grossman, JB (reprint author), YALE UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, POB 208205, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. CR Adrien J L, 1992, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V55, P71 ADRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02206996 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ASTINGTON JW, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P7 ASTINGTON JW, 1998, DEV THEORIES MIND ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BARKOW J, 1992, ADAPTED MINE EVOLUTI BARONCOHEN S, 1990, EMERGENCE MINDREADIN Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Bates E., 1976, LANGUAGE CONTEXT ACQ BLACK M, 1975, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P363 Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 BRETHERTON I, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P906, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.6.906 BROTHERS L, 1992, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V4, P107, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.107 BROTHERS L, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P10 Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING CAPPS L, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P249, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004569 CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 Clark Eve V., 1993, LEXICON ACQUISITION Cosmides L., 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P163 Curcio F., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P282 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 De Gelder B, 1991, EUROPEAN J COGNITIVE, V3, P69, DOI 10.1080/09541449108406220 DECASPER AJ, 1980, SCIENCE, V208, P1174, DOI 10.1126/science.7375928 DeMyer M., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 DENNETT DC, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P568 FEIN GG, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1095, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03157.x FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Frye D, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P483, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90024-1 GOLDEN GS, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P133 Gomez J. C., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P397 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 HANNAN TE, 1987, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V10, P11, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(87)90003-8 Happe F., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P177 Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HARLOW HF, 1959, SCIENCE, V130, P421, DOI 10.1126/science.130.3373.421 Hobson P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P204 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 INSEL TR, 1992, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V17, P3, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(92)90073-G Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 KLIN A, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF02206995 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P763, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00911.x KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x KLIN A, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P317 KLIN A, 1996, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P381, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.381 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEUNG EHL, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P215, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.2.215 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LING D, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P146 Lord C., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P292 MAYES L, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P450 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 MILLS M, 1974, NATURE, V252, P123, DOI 10.1038/252123a0 MOSES LJ, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P929, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02832.x MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 NEWSON E, 1984, COMMUNICATION, V18, P16 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P549, DOI 10.1007/BF01486970 OLSON G, 1983, INFANCY DEV PSYCHOL, V2 ORNITZ EM, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01538999 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 OZONHOFF S, 1996, IN PRESS HDB AUTISM OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Pauls D. L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P192 PERNER J, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P125 PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES POVINELLI DJ, 1993, AM PSYCHOL, V48, P493, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.48.5.493 POVINELLI DJ, 1990, J COMP PSYCHOL, V104, P203, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.104.3.203 POWER TJ, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P97, DOI 10.1007/BF02212721 Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] RIGUET C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P4398 ROGERS SJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P483, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 ROGERS SJ, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1274, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00023 Rutter Michael, 1981, MATERNAL DEPRIVATION Schaffer H. R., 1984, CHILDS ENTRY SOCIAL Schore AN, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P59 SEIFER R, 1996, CAREGIVING CULTURAL SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V226, P485 SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x SMALLEY S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P53 SNOW CE, 1977, J CHILD LANG, V4, P1 Sperber D., 1986, RELEVANCE COMMUNICAT Spitz R. A., 1965, 1 YEAR LIFE Stern D., 1987, INTERPERSONAL WORLD STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1989, AUTISM NEW DIRECTION TREVARTHEN C., 1979, SPEECH BEGINNING INT UNGERER J, 1981, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V30, P405 Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 Volkmar F. R., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P61, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000596 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P627, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, PSYCHIATRY WATERHOUSE L, 1996, IN PRESS HDB AUTISM WERNER H, 1963, SYMBOL FUNCTION WERRY JS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF01046330 Whiten Andrew, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P367 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WULFF SB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531600 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 NR 120 TC 17 Z9 17 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-059-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 807 BP 440 EP 454 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51938.x PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ17S UT WOS:A1997BJ17S00029 PM 9071369 ER PT S AU Freeman, WJ AF Freeman, WJ BE Carter, CS Lederhendler, II Kirkpatrick, B TI Neurohumoral brain dynamics of social group formation - Implications for autism SO INTEGRATIVE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AFFILIATION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the New-York-Academy-of-Sciences on the Integrative Neurobiology of Affiliation CY MAR 14-17, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP New York Acad Sci, NIMH, MICHHD, Natl Sci Fdn RP Freeman, WJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL, 229 STANLEY HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. CR Freeman W. J., 1995, SOC BRAINS Sargant William, 1957, BATTLE MIND NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-059-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 807 BP 501 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51951.x PG 3 WC Behavioral Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ17S UT WOS:A1997BJ17S00042 PM 9071382 ER PT J AU BaronCohen, S AF BaronCohen, S TI Hey! It was just a joke! Understanding propositions and propositional attitudes by normally developing children and children with autism SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MIND; BELIEFS AB Two-and three-year-old children were asked why a speaker named objects falsely. Most produced explanations in terms of the speaker's intention to joke. This implies a sensitivity to two distinct levels in language: the proposition itself and the propositional attitude. Children with learning difficulties showed a similar competence. In contrast, most children with autism failed to explain such false statements in these terms, instead merely describing them as ''wrong.'' This was not simply due to a metalinguistic deficit, as they correctly answered questions about what a speaker had said the object was. These results suggest the normally developing toddler has a remarkable facility in processing propositional attitudes, while children with autism do not; and that such an ability is broadly independent of general intelligence. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. RP BaronCohen, S (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL,DOWNING ST,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BATESON G, 1955, PLAY ITS ROLE DEV EV, P119 CHARMAN T, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P287, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90013-6 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Grice Herbert Paul, 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 Ozonoff S, 1996, BRAIN LANG, V52, P411, DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 PHILLIPS W, 1992, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V4, P375, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000845 Reddy V., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN RUTTER M, 1978, LANGUAGE DISORDER IN Sperber D., 1986, RELEVANCE COMMUNICAT TARSKI A, 1969, SCI AM, V220, P63 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDRENS THEORIES M NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 PU GEFEN PUBL HOUSE LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 6056, JERUSALEM 91060, ISRAEL SN 0333-7308 J9 ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT JI Isr. J. Psychiatr. Relat. Sci. PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XY502 UT WOS:A1997XY50200003 PM 9334521 ER PT J AU Mowlin, P AF Mowlin, P TI Learning and cognition in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review RP Mowlin, P (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. CR SCHOPLER E, 1996, LEARNING COGNITION A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BILD PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON, AVON, ENGLAND BS21 7SJ SN 1360-2322 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA XC805 UT WOS:A1997XC80500010 ER PT J AU Jordan, R AF Jordan, R TI Autism: An inside out approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review CR Williams D, 1996, AUTISM INSIDE OUT AP NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BILD PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON, AVON, ENGLAND BS21 7SJ SN 1360-2322 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA YN449 UT WOS:000071169700005 ER PT J AU Jordon, R AF Jordon, R TI Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review CR Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG WING L, 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DI NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BILD PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON, AVON, ENGLAND BS21 7SJ SN 1360-2322 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA YN449 UT WOS:000071169700011 ER PT J AU Cooper, SA AF Cooper, SA TI Psychiatry of elderly compared to younger adults with intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID DOWNS-SYNDROME; DEMENTIA; PEOPLE; PREVALENCE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; DEFECTIVES; DISORDER; ANXIETY; BOXERS; AGE AB It is difficult to draw conclusions from previous literature regarding the rate of psychiatric disorders amongst elderly, compared to younger, adults with intellectual disabilities. This study investigates the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongst adults with intellectual disabilities aged 65 years and over,living in Leicestershire, UK (n = 134), compared to a random sample of adults with intellectual disabilities aged 20-64 years, living in the same area (n = 73). Both groups had high rates of current psychiatric morbidity, but rates were significantly higher in the elderly group: 61.9% compared to 43.8%. The elderly group had higher rates of dementia, generalised anxiety disorder and past history of depression, when compared to the younger group. The two groups had equal rates of behaviour disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Dementia occurs at a much higher rate amongst people with intellectual disabilities (21.6%) than it does amongst the general population. This finding is in keeping with previous studies, but has received little attention and warrants further investigation. C1 St Marys Hosp, Rockingham Forest NHS Trust, Kettering NN15 7PW, Northants, England. RP Cooper, SA (reprint author), St Marys Hosp, Rockingham Forest NHS Trust, London Rd, Kettering NN15 7PW, Northants, England. CR BARCIKOWSKA M, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P551 Bleuler E, 1916, TXB PSYCHIAT BRETELER MMB, 1992, EPIDEMIOL REV, V14, P59 CASSON IR, 1982, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V45, P170, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.45.2.170 CASSON IR, 1984, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V251, P2663, DOI 10.1001/jama.251.20.2663 Cooper Sally-Ann, 1996, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, V13, P105 Cooper SA, 1997, PSYCHOL MED, V27, P609, DOI 10.1017/S0033291796004655 Cooper SA, 1997, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V170, P375, DOI 10.1192/bjp.170.4.375 Cooper SA, 1997, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V41, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00717.x COOPER SA, 1992, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V7, P865, DOI 10.1002/gps.930071204 Corbett JA, 1979, PSYCHIAT ILLNESS MEN DAY K, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P660, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.6.660 DAY KA, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P131 HAVEMAN MJ, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P341 HEATONWARD WA, 1967, MENTAL SUBNORMALITY HOFMAN A, 1991, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V20, P736, DOI 10.1093/ije/20.3.736 HOLMES N, 1982, PSYCHOL MED, V12, P879 KAPLAN OJ, 1956, PSYCHIAT DISORDERS L LINDESAY J, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V155, P317 LUND J, 1985, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V72, P557, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02654.x Manela M, 1996, INT J GERIATR PSYCH, V11, P65, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199601)11:1<65::AID-GPS296>3.0.CO;2-M PATEL P, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P481, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.4.481 POPOVITCH ER, 1990, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V80, P362 REID AH, 1974, J MENT DEFIC RES, V18, P15 Roberts AH, 1969, BRAIN DAMAGE BOXERS Sansom D. T., 1994, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, V38, P45 Sparrow SS, 1984, REVISION VINELAND SO TAIT D, 1983, J MENT DEFIC RES, V27, P133 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE World Health Organization (WHO), 1992, SCHED CLIN ASS NEUR NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 PU BILD PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON, AVON, ENGLAND BS21 7SJ SN 1360-2322 J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA ZB654 UT WOS:000072494200004 ER PT J AU Hindley, P AF Hindley, P TI Psychiatric aspects of hearing impairments SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Review DE hearing impairment; psychopathology; children; deafness ID MULTIFACETED TRAINING PROCEDURE; DEAF MEMBER FAMILIES; COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; OTITIS-MEDIA; ATTENTION DEFICITS; SOCIAL BEHAVIORS; NORMATIVE DATA; AUTISM AB Hearing impairment is a multifaceted condition with medical, social and cultural aspects. Children with hearing impairments follow many different developmental pathways, some growing up to join the Deaf community. Children with fluctuating hearing impairments are at greater risk of behavioural problems and language and reading delay. Children with permanent hearing impairment experience the same range of mental health problems as hearing children but their presentation, treatment and outcome can differ because of differences in communication and language use. RP Hindley, P (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,CRANMER TERRACE,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. CR ABELFOTOUH MA, 1993, PUBLIC HLTH, V107, P261 Abidin R. R., 1983, PARENTING STRESS IND ACHENBACH TM, 1983, MANUAL CHILD BEHAVIO ADESMAN A R, 1990, Pediatrics, V85, P442 ALLEN TE, 1993, AM ANN DEAF, V138, P260 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT APLIN DY, 1987, EDUC RES, V29, P56, DOI 10.1080/0013188870290107 Barrera M, 1981, SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCI, P69 Beck A. T., 1967, DEPRESSION CLIN EXPT BICKNELL J, 1983, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V56, P167 Braden JP, 1994, DEAFNESS DEPRIVATION BURNES S, 1992, J AM DEAFNESS REHABI, V26, P12 Chalmers D, 1989, CLIN DEV MED, V108 CHESS S, 1980, AM ANN DEAF, V125, P505 COHEN OP, 1990, AM ANN DEAF, V135, P67 COHN JF, 1983, CHILD DEV, V54, P185, DOI 10.2307/1129876 CORNAD R, 1979, DEAF CHILD DANEK M, 1988, SPRINGER SERIES REHA, V7 Davis A, 1995, J Am Acad Audiol, V6, P365 DEROGATIS LR, 1977, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V33, P981, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<981::AID-JCLP2270330412>3.0.CO;2-0 DOWNS MP, 1986, SEMINARS HEARING, V7, P375 ERTING C, 1982, THESIS AM U WASHINGT EYBERG SM, 1978, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V7, P113 FEAGANS L, 1987, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V12, P581, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/12.4.581 FREEMAN RD, 1976, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V17, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00397.x Freeman RD, 1975, AM ANN DEAF, V120, P275 Fundudis T, 1979, SPEECH RETARDED DEAF GESTEN EL, 1976, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V44, P775, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.44.5.775 GILLBERG C, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P593, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01039.x GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GORDON AG, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01038.x GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 GREENBERG MT, 1984, CHILD DEV, V3, P1 GREENBERG MT, 1988, HDB SPECIAL ED RES P GREGORY S, 1991, MOTHERHOOD MEANINGS Gregory S., 1995, DEAF YOUNG PEOPLE TH Grosjean F., 1992, SIGN LANGUAGE STUDIE, V77, P307 HAGERMAN RJ, 1987, CLIN PEDIATR, V26, P253, DOI 10.1177/000992288702600508 Haggard MP, 1991, SCREENING CHILDRENS HALL DMB, 1990, CHILD SURVEILLANCE H HARRINGTON R, 1994, MODERN APPROACHES CH Harris M., 1992, LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE HARRIS RI, 1978, AM ANN DEAF, V123, P52 HARVEY MA, 1982, AM ANN DEAF, V127, P821 Higgins P C, 1987, UNDERSTANDING DEAFNE HINDLEY P, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02103.x HINDLEY PA, 1993, SIGNS FEELING PREVAL HINDLEY PA, 1994, MODERN APPROACHES CH HINDLEY PA, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P917, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02302.x HODGES KK, 1987, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT HOETINK G, 1994, 3 INT C EUR SOC MENT HUGHES LA, 1988, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V38, P186 JENKINS IR, 1991, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY JOBSON D, 1985, BRIT MED J, V291, P483 JURE R, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P1062 KAMPFE CM, 1993, AM ANN DEAF, V138, P297 Kaplan A., 1977, THESIS BROWN U PROVI KELLY D, 1993, AM ANN DEAF, V138, P349 KELLY DP, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P737 KENNEDY M, 1992, CHILD ABUSE REV, V3, P169 KING NJ, 1994, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V67, P377 KITSON N, 1990, BRIT J HOSP MED, V44, P353 KOESTER L, 1990, ED DEV ASPECTS DEAFN Kusche C. A., 1993, PROMOTING SOCIAL EMO Kyle JG, 1985, SIGN LANGUAGE LANG C, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P265, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199402000-00016 LEDERBERG AR, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1596 LEIGH IW, 1990, J AM DEAFNESS REHABI, V23, P68 LEVINE MD, 1987, PEDIATR ANN, V16, P117 LEVITT H, 1986, ASHA MONOGRAPH MARSCHARK M, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES Marschark M., 1993, PSYCHOL DEV DEAF CHI MARTIN JAM, 1982, AUDIOLOGY, V21, P149 MCCORMICK B, 1993, PRACTICAL ASPECTS AU MCCUNE N, 1988, J ADOLESCENCE, V11, P21, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1971(88)80020-4 MCGEE R, 1982, NEW ZEAL MED J, V95, P655 McIntire M. L., 1988, SIGN LANGUAGE STUDIE, V61, P351 MEADOW K, 1983, REVISED MANUAL MEADO MEADOWORLANS K, 1987, 10 WORLD C WORLD FED MEADOWORLANS KP, 1987, M SOC RES CHILD DEV MEADOWORLANS KP, 1987, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY MOOG JS, 1991, AM ANN DEAF, V136, P69 MUSSELMAN C, 1985, LINGUISTIC SOCIAL DE NORBECK JS, 1983, NURS RES, V32, P4 OBRIEN DH, 1987, AM ANN DEAF, V132, P213 OLLENDICK TH, 1983, BEHAV RES THER, V21, P685, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(83)90087-6 Pollard R, 1993, J AM DEAFNESS REHABI, V26, P32 POWER DJ, 1992, MED J AUSTRALIA, V157, P421 QUITTNER AL, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1266, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1266 QUITTNER AL, 1991, AM J OTOL, V12, P95 Radloff LS, 1977, APPL PSYCH MEAS, V1, P384 RASING EJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P405, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-405 RASING EJ, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P723, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-723 RAWLINGS B, 1977, 2 STUDIES FAMILIES H Ross M., 1990, HEARING IMPAIRED CHI Rutter M, 1970, CLIN DEV MED SARTI DM, 1993, SMITH COLL STUD SOC, V63, P187 Schlesinger H. S., 1972, SOUND SIGN CHILDHOOD SILVA PA, 1982, J LEARN DISABIL, V15, P417 Sinkkonen J., 1994, HEARING IMPAIRMENT C SLOMAN L, 1987, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V32, P558 SLOMAN L, 1993, FAM PROCESS, V32, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1993.00171.x Smith P. K, 1994, SCH BULLYING INSIGHT SORENSEN DA, 1992, J AM DEAFNESS REHABI, V25, P1 SPENCER PE, 1993, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 Stokoe Jr W. C., 1965, DICT AM SIGN LANGUAG SULLIVAN PM, 1992, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V16, P297, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(92)90036-Q SULLIVAN PM, 1990, DEV DISABILITIES B, V18, P21 THACKER AJ, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P818, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.6.818 TOS M, 1979, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V1, P241, DOI 10.1016/0165-5876(79)90018-1 ULLMANN RK, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V20, P160 VANELDIK TT, 1994, AM ANN DEAF, V139, P394 VERHULST FC, 1985, MENTAL HLTH DUTCH CH VERNON M, 1967, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V16, P325 VERNON M, 1994, AM ANN DEAF, V139, P485 VERNON M, 1982, MULTIHANDICAPPED HEA VOSTANIS P, UNPUB CHILD CARE HLT WALKER HM, 1976, WALKER PROBLEM BEHAV WATKINS S, 1984, THESIS UTAH STATE U WING JK, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P111, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.2.111 Wood D., 1986, TEACHING TALKING DEA ZIELHUIS GA, 1990, CLIN OTOLARYNGOL, V15, P283, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00787.x 1990, COCHLEAR IMPLANTS CH NR 124 TC 37 Z9 40 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01507.x PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WF441 UT WOS:A1997WF44100006 PM 9232460 ER PT J AU Sharpley, CF Bitsika, V Efremidis, B AF Sharpley, Christopher F. Bitsika, Vicki Efremidis, Bill TI Influence of gender, parental health, and perceived expertise of assistance upon stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY LA English DT Article AB A survey of 219 parents of children with autism was administered on a confidential and anonymous basis. As well as tapping information about the nature of the child's disorder, parental well-being (anxiety, depression), parents' daily level of stress arising from parenting, their confidence in handling their child's major difficulty, and the frequency of being stretched beyond their limits were included as dependent variables. Independent variables were: gender of parents, age of child and age of onset, parental health, access to other family members, and level of understanding of those family members of the child's problems. Data indicated that, although social support has previously been posited as an alleviating factor for parental stress, this may be a result of the perceived expertise of the family member who provides respite care for the parents. Issues of self-efficacy, training in behaviour management, and provision of home-based care for parents are discussed. C1 [Sharpley, Christopher F.] Monash Univ, Ctr Stress Management & Res, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Sharpley, CF (reprint author), Monash Univ, Ctr Stress Management & Res, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. CR Bandura A., 1986, SOCIAL FDN THOUGHT A BYRNE DG, 1980, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V14, P65, DOI 10.3109/00048678009159356 DeMeyer M. K., 1979, PARENTS CHILDREN AUT Everly G. S., 1990, CLIN GUIDE TREATMENT FISMAN SN, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P519 FREEMAN NL, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1025, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01927.x Gray David E., 1992, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V18, P83 HARRIS SL, 1984, FAM RELAT, V33, P127, DOI 10.2307/584597 HOUSE JS, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P540, DOI 10.1126/science.3399889 KOEGEL RL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF01058151 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00259.x LIN N, 1985, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V26, P247, DOI 10.2307/2136756 Liwag M. E., 1989, PHILIPPINE J PSYCHOL, V22, P3 MOES D, 1992, PSYCHOL REP, V71, P1272, DOI 10.2466/PR0.71.8.1272-1274 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P471, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00019 SCHAEFER A, 1985, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V53, P415, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.53.3.415 Holroyd J, 1975, J Community Psychol, V3, P26, DOI 10.1002/1520-6629(197501)3:1<26::AID-JCOP2290030105>3.0.CO;2-Y WHEATON B, 1985, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V26, P352, DOI 10.2307/2136658 Zung W., 1980, CURRENT CONCEPTS ZUNG WWK, 1973, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V29, P328 ZUNG WWK, 1971, PSYCHOSOMATICS, V12, P371 ZUNG WWK, 1965, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V12, P63 NR 22 TC 73 Z9 75 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1366-8250 J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1080/13668259700033261 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA V25WG UT WOS:000208507500003 ER PT J AU Levine, J Aviram, A Holan, A Ring, A Barak, Y Belmaker, RH AF Levine, J Aviram, A Holan, A Ring, A Barak, Y Belmaker, RH TI Inositol treatment of autism SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE autism; inositol; controlled study ID DOUBLE-BLIND; CLOMIPRAMINE; DISORDER; PLACEBO; TRIAL AB Recent studies suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibitors are helpful in at least some symptoms of autism. Inositol is a precursor of the second messenger for some serotonin receptors, and has been reported effective in depression, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However a controlled double-blind crossover trial of inositol 200 mg/kg per day showed no benefit in 9 children with autism. Since biochemical studies suggest that inositol may augment serotonin effects, future studies could evaluate inositol in children already receiving serotonin reuptake inhibitors. C1 EDITH WOLFSON MED CTR,CHILD DIAGNOSIS & REHABIL CTR,HOLON,ISRAEL. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,MINIST HLTH MENTAL HLTH CTR,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,ABARBANEL MENTAL HLTH CTR,BAT YAM,ISRAEL. CR BENJAMIN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1084 CONNERS CK, 1969, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P884 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 Fux M, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P1219 GARBER HJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1157, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00027 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P41 HALLMAN M, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V326, P1233, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199205073261901 LEVINE J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P792 RAHMAN S, 1993, BRAIN RES, V631, P349, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91557-9 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 VOCCI FJ, 1990, APPL BASIC NEUROSCIE ZEISEL GS, 1986, ADV PEDIATR, V33, P23 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PY 1997 VL 104 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1007/BF01273191 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WY025 UT WOS:A1997WY02500019 PM 9203092 ER PT J AU Arco, L AF Arco, L TI Improving program outcome with process-based performance feedback SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th National Conference of the Australian-Behaviour-Modification-Association CY JUL 04, 1994 CL FREMANTLE, AUSTRALIA SP Austr Behav Modificat Assoc ID INSTITUTIONAL STAFF; BEHAVIOR; STUDENT; PRAISE; SKILLS AB Two studies, using an across participants multiple baseline design, assessed effects of different amounts of process and outcome performance feedback on instructor and child behavior in an early intervention program. Seven instructors, mostly university students, and one child with autism were observed over a 4 month period on measures of instructors' verbal instructions, prompts, and consequences, and correct child behavior. In Study 1, performance feedback contained verbal, written, and graphic information on instructor (process) and child (outcome) behavior, whereas in Study 2, only verbal process information was provided. Results show that both feedback procedures were equally effective in increasing correct instructor performance and correct child behavior. Conclusions are (a) that verbal process feedback alone was as effective as an extensive process plus outcome feedback, but easier to use and more efficient, and (b) that measures of performance error proved useful in detecting feedback effects on instructor behaviors that varied across time and program changes. C1 MURDOCH UNIV,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. CR ADLEM A, 1990, BEHAV CHANGE, V7, P185 ARCO L, 1983, THESIS FLINDERS U S ARCO L, 1991, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V6, P231, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360060402 ARCO L, 1990, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V5, P207, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360050307 AZRIN NH, 1989, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V4, P159, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360040302 BAER DM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P313, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-313 BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 Balcazar F., 1985, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V7, P65, DOI DOI 10.1300/J075V07N03_ Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 COSSAIRT A, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-89 CUVO AJ, 1979, AM J MENT DEF, V84, P219 DELAMATER AM, 1984, BEHAV MODIF, V8, P39, DOI 10.1177/01454455840081003 DUCHARME JM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P165, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-165 Duncan P. K., 1985, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V7, P91, DOI [DOI 10.1300/J075V07N03_06, 10.1300/J075v07n03_06.] Favell J. E., 1984, PROGRAMMING EFFECTIV, P15 FLEMING RK, 1993, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V8, P29, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360080105 FLEMING RK, 1989, BEHAVIORAL RESIDENTI, V4, P377, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360040407 FORD JE, 1984, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V6, P65, DOI 10.1300/J075v06n01_05 Gilbert T. F., 1978, HUMAN COMPETENCE ENG GLADSTONE BW, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P75, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-75 GREENE BF, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P395, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-395 HARCHIK AE, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P599, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-599 HRYDOWY ER, 1994, BEHAV MODIF, V18, P66, DOI 10.1177/01454455940181005 ILGEN DR, 1987, J APPL PSYCHOL, V72, P401, DOI 10.1037//0021-9010.72.3.401 INGHAM P, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P153, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-153 IVANCIC MT, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-95 JOHNSON RP, 1983, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V5, P37 KISSEL RC, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P395, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-395 LEACH DJ, 1989, EDUC PSYCHOL, V9, P167, DOI 10.1080/0144341890090301 Lovaas O. I., 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P285 MCMORROW MJ, 1991, BEHAVIORAL RESIDENTI, V6, P165, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360060303 MOLNNIS T, 1978, CHILD BEHAV THERAPY, P434 PAGE TJ, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P335, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-335 Parsons M. B., 1993, BEHAVIORAL RESIDENTI, V8, P163, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360080302 Parsonson B. S., 1986, RES METHODS APPL BEH, P157 Prue D. M., 1981, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAG, V3, P1 PRUE DM, 1980, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V2, P165 Reid D. H., 1989, STAFF MANAGEMENT HUM REID DH, 1984, PROGRAMMING EFFECTIV, P39 RICHMAN GS, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-401 SANDERS MR, 1982, AUST J PSYCHOL, V34, P53, DOI 10.1080/00049538208254717 ZLOMKE LC, 1983, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V18, P125 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 SN 0160-8061 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE JI J. Organ. Behav. Manage. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 37 EP 64 DI 10.1300/J075v17n01_03 PG 28 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA WP065 UT WOS:A1997WP06500003 ER PT J AU Corcoran, R AF Corcoran, R TI Understanding other minds, perspectives from autism SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, London, England. RP Corcoran, R (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Mortimer St, London, England. CR Abelson R., 1977, SCRIPTS PLANS GOALS BARONCOHEN S, 1996, UNDERSTANDING OTHER NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS PI GOTTINGEN PA ROHNSWEG 25, D-37085 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0269-8803 J9 J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI J. Psychophysiol. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZV922 UT WOS:000074355200011 ER PT J AU Abbeduto, L Hagerman, RJ AF Abbeduto, L Hagerman, RJ TI Language and communication in fragile X syndrome SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fragile X syndrome; speech; language; communication ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SAMPLING CONTEXT; FULL MUTATION; MALES; AUTISM; GENE; CHILDREN; FMR-1; PHENOTYPE AB In this article, we describe the language and communication problems of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is a common genetic disorder resulting from a single-gene mutation on the X chromosome. It is associated with a wide spectrum of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and language problems. Males are typically more severely affected than females, with the vast majority of males having mental retardation. Language and communication are negatively affected by problems in oral-motor structure and function and by conductive hearing loss associated with recurrent otitis media. Speech problems of males with FXS include variability in rate and stuttering-like repetition of sounds. The pattern of speech problems displayed by males is unique to FXS and may reflect a form of developmental dyspraxia. Lexical development is serious delayed in males with FXS. It is less clear, however, whether lexical development keeps pace with achievements in cognitive development and whether receptive and expressive vocabularies are equally impaired. Morphosyntactic development is delayed in males with FXS, with receptive morphosyntax being mental-age-appropriate. It is less clear whether expressive morphosyntactic keeps pace with mental age in affected males. Communication problems are characteristic of both males and females and include features that are syndrome-specific. Most notable among the features displayed by males with FXS is perseveration on a word, phrase, or topic in conversation. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain this perseveration, but the most promising focus is on hyperarousal and frontal-lobe-executive function deficits. Females with FXS display a run-on, disorganized, and tangential style of conversation that may result from their well-documented frontal-lobe-executive function deficits. Language and communication intervention for affected individuals requires coordination of medical and behavioral approaches, with the involvement of professionals from several disciplines. Future research must focus on females, on language problems suggested by clinical experience, and on connections between language and communication problems and problems at the neurological and molecular genetic levels. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80262. CHILDRENS HOSP,CHILD DEV UNIT,DENVER,CO 80218. RP Abbeduto, L (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,WAISMAN CTR MENTAL RETARDAT & HUMAN DEV,1500 HIGHLAND AVE,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. CR Abbeduto L., 1987, ADV APPLIED PSYCHOLI, V1, P76 ABBEDUTO L, 1995, MENT RETARD, V33, P279 ABRAMS MT, 1995, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P269, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010407 Barkley RA, 1990, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V2nd Barrett M., 1995, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE, P362 BAUMGARDNER TL, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P744 Belser RC, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P270 Bennetto L, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P210 BLACK B, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P1000, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199409000-00010 BORGHGRAEF M, 1987, CLIN GENET, V32, P179 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 CALCULATOR SN, 1988, COMMUNICATION ASSESS Dykens E, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF02172475 Clark E. V., 1995, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE, P393 Clark H. H., 1996, USING LANGUAGE Cohen I. L., 1996, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P286, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010410 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 Comery TA, 1997, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V94, P5401, DOI 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5401 deVries BBA, 1996, AM J HUM GENET, V58, P1025 DOLLAGHAN CA, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V55, P582 DYKENS E, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02211817 DYKENS EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01066423 DYKENS EM, 1995, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V1, P281, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010409 DYKENS EM, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P427, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00021 DYKENS EM, 1994, BEHAV DEV FRAGILE X FERRIER LJ, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P776 Freund LS, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P242 FREUND LS, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P321 FRYNS JP, 1989, CLIN GENET, V32, P388 Gleitman L., 1995, HDB CHILD LANGUAGE, P413 GOLDSON E, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P605 Hagerman R. J, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HAGERMAN RJ, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P283 HAGERMAN RJ, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P395 HAGERMAN RJ, 1995, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P276, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010408 HAGERMAN RJ, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P155 Hagerman RJ, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P336 HAGERMAN RJ, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P298, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510404 HAGERMAN RJ, 1987, AM J DIS CHILD, V141, P184 HAGERMAN RJ, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P377, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300138 HANSON DM, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P195, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230114 IMBERT G, 1995, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V1, P251, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010405 KENT RD, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, P323 Kramer P D, 1993, LISTENING PROZAC LACHIEWICZ AM, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V41, P275, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320410302 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1995, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P292, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010411 LOESCH DZ, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V58, P249, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320580311 LOWE F, 1992, FRAGILE X CHILD, P173 MADISON LS, 1986, J MENT DEFIC RES, V30, P129 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1993, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V14, P328 MERENSTEIN SA, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P389 NEIMI J, 1985, NEUROLINGUISTIC PAPE Newell K, 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P175 Oetter P, 1995, MORE INTEGRATING MOU OOSTRA BA, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P193 PALMER KK, 1988, P GREENWOOD GENETICS, V7, P93 PARTINGTON MW, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P175, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170111 PAUL R, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P457, DOI 10.1007/BF01486963 PAUL R, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V49, P328 PIERETTI M, 1991, CELL, V66, P817, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90125-I RATTAZZI MC, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P412 REISS AL, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1317 REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P331, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-331 REISS AL, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P35, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430106 Rogers S., 1988, J DIVISION EARLY CHI, V10, P135 ROGERS SJ, 1991, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V11, P29 Rondal J. A., 1995, EXCEPTIONAL LANGUAGE Rosenberg S, 1993, LANGUAGE COMMUNICATI ROUSSEAU F, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P1006 SACKS H, 1974, LANGUAGE, V50, P696, DOI 10.2307/412243 SCARBOROUGH HS, 1991, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V12, P23, DOI 10.1017/S014271640000936X Schapiro MB, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P480, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600603 SCHARFENAKER S, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P463 SCHARFENAKER S, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P453 Scharfenaker S, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P349 SCHOPMEYER BB, 1992, FRAGILE X CHILD, P71 Sobesky WE, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P340, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<340::AID-AJMG21>3.0.CO;2-E Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SUBHALTER V, 1992, 1992 INT FRAG X C P, P165 SUDHALTER V, 1996, 29 ANN GATL C MENT R SUDHALTER V, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P493, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380270 SUDHALTER V, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P65, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430110 SUDHALTER V, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P431 Tager-Flusberg H., 1994, CONSTRAINTS LANGUAGE, P141 Turner G, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P196, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960712)64:1<196::AID-AJMG35>3.0.CO;2-G VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H VILKMAN E, 1988, BRAIN LANG, V34, P203, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(88)90133-2 WEBB TP, 1986, J MED GENET, V23, P396, DOI 10.1136/jmg.23.5.396 WEIGERS AM, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V47, P216 Wolf-Schein E G, 1987, ASHA, V29, P35 WrightTalamante C, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P350, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<350::AID-AJMG23>3.0.CO;2-D NR 92 TC 52 Z9 54 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1997)3:4<313::AID-MRDD6>3.0.CO;2-O PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YH241 UT WOS:A1997YH24100006 ER PT J AU Mundy, P Markus, J AF Mundy, P Markus, J TI On the nature of communication and language impairment in autism SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE autism; preverbal communication; language; frontal neurological processes; dynamic systems ID JOINT ATTENTION; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; MIND; BRAIN; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS AB The social and communication disturbance of autism is characterized by a syndrome-specific pattern of strengths and weaknesses, rather than a pervasive lack of responsiveness to others. In children with language, this pattern is manifest as relatively well-developed phonological, syntactic, and semantic facilities, but impaired or deviant pragmatic capacities. In preverbal children, communication for instrumental or attachment functions may be observed, but joint attention, as well as other more purely socially oriented bids, are often lacking. Three neuropsychological models have been proposed that explicitly address elements of this pattern of social communication disturbance in autism. These models differ in the mechanisms of impairment proposed to explain the social-communication disturbance of autism. Nevertheless, these models converge to suggest that the specific pattern of social communication disturbance displayed in autism results from a dysfunction that involves frontal neurological processes. A discussion of the similarities and differences among these models is presented. In the final analysis, this discussion leads to two conclusions. First, it may be necessary to adopt a developmental and dynamic systems perspective to gain a complete understanding of the complexities of the social-communication pathology of autism, Second, the study of autism raises many important observations and hypotheses regarding the ontogeny of the quintessential human capacity for communication and social cognition. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Mundy, P (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI, DEPT PSYCHOL, 5665 PONCE LEON BLVD, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P158, DOI DOI 10.1192/BJP.168.2.158 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00992.x Bryson SE, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02172005 CAPLAN R, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P582 CARD J, 1997, SOC RES CHILD DEV WA CICCHETTI D, 1993, DEV REV, V13, P471, DOI 10.1006/drev.1993.1021 COSMIDES L, 1989, COGNITION, V31, P187, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1 COURCHESNE E, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P697, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004740 Curcio F., 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P282 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DAWSON G, 1995, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V23, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF01447662 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 DAWSON G, 1995, SOC RES CHILD DEV IN Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 Derryberry D, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P215 DISSANAYAKE C, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1 EALES MJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P593, DOI 10.1007/BF01046104 FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R FOTHERINGHAM JB, 1991, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V36, P686 FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 Frye D, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P483, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90024-1 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 Huttenlocher Peter R., 1994, P137 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF02206995 Ledoux J., 1989, COGNITION EMOTION, V3, P267, DOI 10.1080/02699938908412709 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y Leslie A. M., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P83 Leslie Alan M., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P205, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000407 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x Minshew NJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02172013 MORALES M, 1997, SOC RES CHILD DEV WA Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 MUNDY P, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Mundy P., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P3 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P63 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 OZONOFF S, 1985, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PETERSON CC, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01303.x PETRIDES M, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P137, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90096-7 Pinker Steven, 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT MI Scott FJ, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P235 SIGMAN M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P74, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00014 SIGMAN M, 1997, SOC RES CHILD DEV WA Surian L, 1996, Cogn Neuropsychiatry, V1, P55, DOI 10.1080/135468096396703 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 TUCKER DM, 1992, MINN SYM CHILD PSYCH, V24, P75 Ulvund SE, 1996, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V19, P441, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(96)90005-3 VOLDEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02284755 Wetherby A., 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P367 WHITEN A, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P118 Yirmiya N, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P2045, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01842.x ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YH241 UT WOS:A1997YH24100009 ER PT J AU Tan, A Salgado, M Fahn, S AF Tan, A Salgado, M Fahn, S TI The characterization and outcome of stereotypic movements in nonautistic children SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE stereotypy; autism; dopaminergic system; self-stimulation ID AMPHETAMINE; APOMORPHINE; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM AB Stereotypies are patterned, repetitive, purposeless movements that are performed the same way each time. They are commonly seen in individuals with autism, schizophrenia, or mental retardation, and also occur as a feature of tardive dyskinesia and as movements in those with akathisia. We studied 10 children who had stereotypies but were not autistic or mentally retarded. Although most had an uneventful delivery, seven had mild to moderately delayed developmental milestones. Five had hyperactive behavior or attention-deficit problems. All appeared to be of normal intelligence. The median age of onset of stereotypies was 12 months. The stereotypies included arm flapping, arm and hand posturing, finger wiggling, body rocking, leg shaking, facial grimacing, involuntary noises, neck extension, and eye blinking. Of the 10 children, only two stopped having stereotypies eventually without medications. C1 COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P66 BERKSON G, 1962, AM J MENT DEF, V66, P849 BLUMSTEIN LK, 1987, BRAIN RES, V404, P293, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91381-3 COSTALL B, 1977, BRAIN RES, V123, P89, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90645-X FAHN S, 1993, HDB TOURETTES SYNDRO, P3 Fahn S., 1994, MOVEMENT DISORD, P310 Frith CD, 1990, NEUROBIOLOGY STEREOT, P232 GILMAN JT, 1995, ANN PHARMACOTHER, V29, P47 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 HORWITZ B, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P749 Hutt C., 1970, BEHAV STUDIES PSYCHI, P175 JANKOVIC J, 1994, MOVEMENT DISORD, V3, P501 Jankovic J, 1986, Mov Disord, V1, P17, DOI 10.1002/mds.870010103 KOLLER WC, 1989, MOVEMENT DISORD, V4, P153, DOI 10.1002/mds.870040207 KOLLER WC, 1988, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V11, P221, DOI 10.1097/00002826-198806000-00004 MURPHY RJ, 1977, AM J MENT DEF, V82, P238 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 TSCHANZ JT, 1988, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V31, P519, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90225-0 YOUNG R, 1979, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V25, P79 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1002/mds.870120109 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WB197 UT WOS:A1997WB19700007 PM 8990053 ER PT J AU Mendez, MF Bagert, BA EdwardsLee, T AF Mendez, MF Bagert, BA EdwardsLee, T TI Self-injurious behavior in frontotemporal dementia SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article ID COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DEGENERATION; MUTILATION; SEROTONIN; DOPAMINE; DISEASE AB Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may be one of the most common neurodegenerative dementias with onset before age 65. Investigators have only recently characterized FTD, which encompasses Pick's disease as well as non-specific degeneration of the frontal lobes, Neuropsychiatric symptoms are the main features of FTD and include disinhibition, apathy, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and the Kluver-Bucy syndrome, We report a patient with FTD who developed prominent self-injurious behavior (SIB) consisting of persistent self-biting and hair-pulling, Stereotypical, repetitive SIB usually occurs in patients with autism or mental retardation; sie is rarely discussed in patients with dementia. This report extends the neuropsychiatric spectrum of FTD to encompass sie and discusses the potential mechanisms for SIB in these patients, The most likely contributing source for their self-injury is the development of obsessive-compulsive behaviors in the presence of coincident self-directed behaviors, Hyperorality from anterior temporal involvement and the release of primitive grooming behavior from frontal degeneration are self-directed behaviors that contribute to the specific manifestations of sie among FTD patients, The pharmacological management of SIB emphasizes drugs that work through opioid, serotonergic, or dopaminergic systems. C1 W LOS ANGELES VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,NEUROBEHAV UNIV 691 116AF,PSYCHIAT SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CR Aman M G, 1993, Ann Clin Psychiatry, V5, P171, DOI 10.3109/10401239309148981 AMES D, 1994, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V6, P100 ANDERSON LT, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF02172213 BODFISH JW, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P183 BRAUN AR, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V13, P151, DOI 10.1016/0893-133X(95)00052-F BREESE GR, 1984, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V231, P343 BRUN A, 1993, DEMENTIA, V4, P126, DOI 10.1159/000107311 Buitelaar J K, 1993, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V56, P105 Cummings JL, 1992, DEMENTIA CLIN APPROA, V2nd FAVAZZA AR, 1993, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V44, P134 Folstein M, 1975, J PSYCHIATR RES, V12, P89 HAINES J, 1995, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V104, P471, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.104.3.471 HARRIS JC, 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V2, P463 HELLINGS JA, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V30, P245 HERPERTZ S, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P57, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09743.x KING BH, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P93 Kluver H., 1937, AM J PHYSIOL, V119, P352 LILLY R, 1983, NEUROLOGY, V33, P1141 MENDEZ MF, 1997, NEUROSURGERY PSYCHIA, V62, P293 MENDEZ MF, 1997, J NEUROPSYCHIATRY CL, V9, P174 MILLER BL, 1995, DEMENTIA, V6, P195, DOI 10.1159/000106946 OSMAN OT, 1992, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V28, P439 Pies RW, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P580 ROBERTSON MM, 1989, PSYCHOL MED, V19, P611 Sima AAF, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P734, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390609 Sivam SP, 1996, LIFE SCI, V58, P2367, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00121-X TONKONOGY JM, 1994, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V6, P176 WILHELMSEN KC, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P1159 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 1355-4794 J9 NEUROCASE JI Neurocase PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA XX984 UT WOS:A1997XX98400001 ER PT J AU Brambilla, F GuareschiCazzullo, A Tacchini, C Musetti, C Panerai, AE Sacerdote, P AF Brambilla, F GuareschiCazzullo, A Tacchini, C Musetti, C Panerai, AE Sacerdote, P TI beta-Endorphin and cholecystokinin 8 concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of autistic children SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peripheral blood mononuclear cells; beta-endorphin; cholecystokinin 8; autism; pervasive developmental disorders ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS; SPINAL-FLUID; DOUBLE-BLIND; NALTREXONE; CATECHOLAMINES; MODULATION; SEROTONIN; PEPTIDES; BEHAVIOR AB beta-Endorphin (beta-EP) and cholecystokinin 8 (CCK-8) concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in 12 drug-free autistic (AU) children, in 10 drug-free children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and in 11 healthy controls. The aim of the study was to see whether or not there was an alteration of beta-EP and CCK-8 concentrations in this peripheral compartment, in which it has been suggested that secretion and regulation of the two peptides mimic those of neurons in the central nervous system. Mean beta-EP values were significantly higher in AU than in PDD and control children, while there were no differences in CCK-8 values of the three groups. C1 UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FARMACOL,MILAN,ITALY. OSPED PSICHIAT PINI,MILAN,ITALY. UNIV MILAN,IST NEUROPSICHIAT INFANTILE,MILAN,ITALY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGN STAT M, V3rd BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 CAMPBELL M, 1990, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V26, P130 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P135 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 CHAMBERLAIN RS, 1990, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V28, P773, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90513-2 DEUTSCH SI, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V90, P631 ERNST M, 1993, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V29, P221 FREDERICKSON RCA, 1982, PROG NEUROBIOL, V19, P19, DOI 10.1016/0301-0082(82)90020-X GARNIER C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01531575 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01531587 GILLBERG C, 1985, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V42, P780 HERMAN B, 1991, PROGR PSYCHIAT HERMAN BH, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V22, P550, DOI 10.1002/ana.410220419 KALAT JW, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P477, DOI 10.1007/BF01538051 KAVELAARS A, 1990, LIFE SCI, V46, P1233, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(90)90498-G LAUNAY JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P333, DOI 10.1007/BF01487064 LEBOYER M, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1797 LEBOYER M, 1988, LANCET, V1, P8687 LEBOYER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P309, DOI 10.1007/BF01058158 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MARCHETTI B, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P346 MARTIN JR, 1986, BRAIN RES, V397, P253, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90626-8 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 MEYER DK, 1983, NATURE, V301, P338, DOI 10.1038/301338a0 PANERAI AE, 1983, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V57, P537 PANKSEPP J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P135 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 Panksepp J., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU PANZA G, 1991, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P207 ROSS DL, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P83, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90032-4 SACERDOTE P, 1991, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V32, P35, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90069-J SACERDOTE P, 1991, PEPTIDES, V12, P167, DOI 10.1016/0196-9781(91)90184-Q SAHLEY TL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01495056 SANDMAN CA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02207000 SANDYK R, 1986, MED HYPOTHESES, V19, P41, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(86)90135-0 WALTERS AS, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF02284716 WEIZMAN R, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P430, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00009 WEIZMAN R, 1984, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V82, P368, DOI 10.1007/BF00427687 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1159/000119322 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA WF963 UT WOS:A1997WF96300001 PM 9018016 ER PT J AU Odell, JD Warren, RP Warren, WL Burger, RA Maciulis, A AF Odell, JD Warren, RP Warren, WL Burger, RA Maciulis, A TI Association of genes within the major histocompatibility complex with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; major histocompatibility complex; human lymphocyte antigens; complement ID INCREASED FREQUENCY; NULL ALLELES; AUTISM; HLA; CHROMOSOME-6; INFECTION; ETIOLOGY; MHC AB The objective was to determine whether a relationship exists among the complement C4B gene, a DR region gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-one subjects with ADHD, their mothers, all but 5 of their fathers, and 90 normal subjects living in northern Utah were studied. DR and C4B typing were performed by serologic HLA typing techniques and the DNA methods PCR-RFLP. The alleles of 2 genes, the null allele of the C4B gene and the beta 1 allele of the DR gene, encode for products involved in immune function and regulation. Each of these alleles was found to be significantly associated with ADHD. Moreover, approximately 55% of the ADHD subjects carried both of these alleles on 1 of their chromosomes, compared to only 8% of normal controls. Genes related to the immune system may be associated with development of the symptoms of ADHD. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP Odell, JD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UMC 6895,CTR PERSONS DISABILITIES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. CR ADESMAN A R, 1990, Pediatrics, V85, P442 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BELL JI, 1987, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V84, P6234, DOI 10.1073/pnas.84.17.6234 BILLINGHAM RE, 1953, NATURE, V172, P603, DOI 10.1038/172603a0 BISHOF NA, 1990, J INFECT DIS, V162, P245 BJORKMAN PJ, 1987, NATURE, V329, P506, DOI 10.1038/329506a0 CAMERON PU, 1990, HUM IMMUNOL, V29, P282, DOI 10.1016/0198-8859(90)90042-N CANTWELL DP, 1975, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1975.tb01275.x CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 DANIELS WW, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V32, P120, DOI 10.1159/000119223 GILLIS JJ, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF00916694 GOODMAN R, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P691, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00782.x HAGERMAN RJ, 1987, CLIN PEDIATR, V26, P253, DOI 10.1177/000992288702600508 HENTGES F, 1992, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V88, P237 HUI KM, 1993, HDB HLA TYPING TECHN POLLACK MS, 1991, IMMUNOGENETICS AUTOI, V2, P311 ROTHBARD JB, 1991, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V9, P527 ROWE PC, 1989, J INFECT DIS, V160, P448 RUDDUCK C, 1985, HUM HERED, V35, P223, DOI 10.1159/000153549 SALAZAR M, 1995, SAMTERS IMMUNOLOGIC, P101 STANCER HC, 1987, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V32, P768 STANCER HC, 1988, ANN HUM GENET, V52, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1988.tb01108.x STEVENSON J, 1992, BEHAV GENET, V22, P337, DOI 10.1007/BF01066665 WARREN RP, 1992, IMMUNOGENETICS, V36, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00215048 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WARREN RP, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1009, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199508000-00010 Warren RP, 1996, MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL, V28, P77, DOI 10.1007/BF02815207 WEITKAMP LR, 1981, NEW ENGL J MED, V305, P1301, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198111263052201 WINCHESTER R, 1995, SAMTERS IMMUNOLOGIC, P699 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA XC235 UT WOS:A1997XC23500003 PM 9246218 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM Matthews, NJ Gardiner, JM AF Bowler, DM Matthews, NJ Gardiner, JM TI Asperger's syndrome and memory: Similarity to autism but not amnesia SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; memory; autism ID WORD STEM COMPLETION; FREE-RECALL; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; IMPLICIT AB Two experiments are described in which the memory of adults with Asperger's syndrome is compared with that of verbal IQ controls. The results of the first experiment showed that the Asperger subjects resembled autistic adults and children in their failure to use category information to aid their free recall. In the second experiment, both groups of subjects showed similar priming effects in an implicit stem completion task and similar performance on an explicit cued recall task. Moreover, both groups also showed more priming for items that they had read at study and better recall for items that they had to generate at study, suggesting that the cued recall of the Asperger subjects did not result from contamination by automatic or involuntary processes. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Bowler, DM (reprint author), CITY UNIV LONDON,DEPT PSYCHOL,NORTHAMPTON SQ,LONDON EC1V 0HB,ENGLAND. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND BADDELEY A, 1988, BRAIN COGNITION, V7, P212, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90031-0 BLAXTON TA, 1989, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V15, P657, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.15.4.657 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BOUCHER J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V72, P211 GRAF P, 1984, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V10, P164, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.10.1.164 GRAF P, 1985, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V11, P501, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.11.3.501 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI JACOBY LL, 1983, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V22, P485, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90301-8 JAVA RI, 1994, EUR J COGN PSYCHOL, V6, P77, DOI 10.1080/09541449408520135 JAVA RI, 1991, AM J PSYCHOL, V104, P89, DOI 10.2307/1422852 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P131 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x Parkin A. J., 1987, MEMORY AMNESIA INTRO PRIOR MR, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF01538055 ROEDIGER HL, 1992, J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN, V18, P1251, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.18.6.1251 Roediger III H.L., 1993, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P63 SCHACTER DL, 1989, IMPLICIT MEMORY, P47 Stuss DT, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P355, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.8.3.355 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 27 TC 93 Z9 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00054-1 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA VY609 UT WOS:A1997VY60900007 PM 8981378 ER PT J AU Anderson, JR Doherty, MJ AF Anderson, JR Doherty, MJ TI Preschoolers' perception of other people's looking: Photographs and drawings SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION; MECHANISMS; CHILDREN; INFANCY; AUTISM; MINDS AB Children aged 3-4 years were tested for their ability to decide which of two photographs or drawings of a face depicted the act of fixating on a target object; in each control photograph or drawing the same face and object were present without fixation. Performance was above chance on both stimulus types, but low enough to call into question conclusions from previous research. The same children were also tested on their ability to discriminate between photographs/drawings depicting two faces fixating the same object (joint visual attention) and the same two faces fixating different objects. While discrimination of joint visual attention depicted in drawings was as good as discrimination of fixation in the single-face tasks, the ability to reliably choose between a photograph of two people attending to a common object and a control photograph was significantly poorer. The results suggest that, while young infants and children may be highly sensitive to face-on gaze, even well into the fourth year of life children are unable consistently to interpret (1) direction of non-self-directed gaze in static faces and (2) joint visual attention by others. RP Anderson, JR (reprint author), UNIV STIRLING,DEPT PSYCHOL,STIRLING FK9 4LA,SCOTLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, MIND LANGUAGE, V6, P166 BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 BUTTERWORTH G, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P55 Corkum V., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P61 COSS R G, 1978, Behaviour, V64, P248, DOI 10.1163/156853978X00053 HAMPTON RR, 1994, BEHAVIOUR, V130, P41, DOI 10.1163/156853994X00136 LASKY RE, 1979, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V25, P163 Leekam S, 1997, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P77 LEMPERS JD, 1977, GENET PSYCHOL MONOGR, V95, P3 MASANGKA.ZS, 1974, CHILD DEV, V45, P357, DOI 10.2307/1127956 MENDELSON MJ, 1982, DEV PSYCHOL, V18, P222, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.18.2.222 Moore C., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS MORISSETTE P, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P163 SCAIFE M, 1976, ANIM BEHAV, V24, P200, DOI 10.1016/S0003-3472(76)80116-9 THAYER S, 1977, DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P633 Vine I., 1973, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION, P195 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND NW2 5JN SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1068/p260333 PG 11 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA XK039 UT WOS:A1997XK03900009 PM 9282230 ER PT J AU Jarrold, C AF Jarrold, C TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Book Review RP Jarrold, C (reprint author), UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT PSYCHOL,8 WOODLAND RD,BRISTOL BS8 1TN,AVON,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY FODOR JA, 1985, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V8, P1 Humphrey N., 1984, CONSCIOUSNESS REGAIN NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND NW2 5JN SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 670 EP 671 PG 2 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA YC619 UT WOS:A1997YC61900011 ER PT J AU Malvy, J Adrien, JL Sauvage, D AF Malvy, J Adrien, JL Sauvage, D TI Early signs of autism and family films SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HOME MOVIES; IMITATION; BEHAVIORS; SYMPTOMS; PLAY; 1ST AB Infantile autism was described by Leo Kanner in 1943. Beginning in the 1970s, research studies became interested in the early signs of this syndrome through the use of interviews and questionnaires for parents. Direct observation of these signs did not seem possible until the appearance of films taken by the parents themselves by means of home movie cameras. Some children who had been filmed from the very first days of their existence were later diagnosed as autistic. It was then possible to exploit this material relating everyday life in order to observe the first signs of autism. In the United States, based on, this material were conducted by Massie and Rosenthal. They brought to light difficulties in interaction and attachment. Another result of these studies was to show that this method furnished objective data which were not influenced by time and memory. Some authors compared the sensory-motor development of autistic and normal infants and others, their behavior at their first birthday. We discuss the studies carried out in the city of Tours On an infant who was later diagnosed as autistic. They concerned the observation of the child himself and his first troubles as revealed through films taken by the parents from his birth lsp to the age of two years. The first part two of the study was descriptive, dealing with all behaviors, exchange capacities and suggestive symptoms taken from selected film sequences. Quantitative studies of observed behaviors were then carried out with the scale Infant Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (IBSE), demonstrating the existance of precocious and specific symptoms among these children filmed by their parents. This was followed by an analysis of children disturbed functions revealed by the Behavior Function Inventory (BEI), which made it possible to bring to light the presence of important troubles as early as the first year of life in regard to two functions: intention. and imitation, which are as important at this stage as are the functions of contact and communication. RP Malvy, J (reprint author), UNIV TOURS, HOP BRETONNEAU, SERV PEDOPSYCHIAT, 2 BD TONNELLE, F-37044 TOURS, FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1992, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V55, P59 ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069 ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 ADRIEN JL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01048241 ADRIEN JL, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P43, DOI 10.1007/BF02206996 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARTHELEMY C, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P271 BRAUNER A, 1986, ENFANT DEREEL HIST A CHILAND C, 1994, MONOGRAPHIE AUTISMES, P19 *CIM, 1993, CLASS INT TROUBL MEN Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 ERICKSON AS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P127 FREEMAN BJ, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V1, P138 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GILLBERG C, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P23 HOCHMANN J, 1992, IMITATION IDENTIFICA HOUZEL D, 1991, REV INT PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P97 JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEBOVICI S, 1995, NOUVEAU TRAITE PSYCH, P549 Lelord G, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LOSCHE G, 1986, 3 WORLD C INF PSYCH MALVY J, 1994, REV ANAE, V26, P33 MALVY J, 1996, DEVENIR, V8, P39 MASSIE H, 1984, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS MASSIE HN, 1975, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V14, P683, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61466-7 MASSIE HN, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P1371 MASSIE HN, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P29, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62275-5 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 Ornitz E., 1988, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V1, P309 ORNITZ EM, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF01538999 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 ROSENFELD J, 1988, MED ENFANCE RECHERCH, V2, P363 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SAUVAGE D, 1987, ANN PSYCHIAT, V2, P338 Sauvage D, 1988, AUTISME NOURRISSON J SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 STONE WL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P267 TARDOS A, 1991, DEVENIR, V3, P9 Trognon Alain, 1993, REV INT PSYCHOPATHOL, V10, P225 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI PARIS CEDEX 14 PA 6 AVENUE REILLE, 75685 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE SN 0079-726X J9 PSYCHIAT ENFANT JI Psychiatr. Enfant PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 175 EP 198 PG 24 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YA980 UT WOS:A1997YA98000006 ER PT J AU Tordjman, S Ferrari, P Golse, B Bursztejn, C Botbol, M Lebovici, S Cohen, DJ AF Tordjman, S Ferrari, P Golse, B Bursztejn, C Botbol, M Lebovici, S Cohen, DJ TI "Psychotic dysharmonis" and "multiples developmental disorders": The story of a convergence SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION AB The diagnostic category "psychotic disharmonies" is widely used by French child psychiatrists but exists only in the French classification of child and adolescent mental disorders and not in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD to) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM 4) of the American psychiatric Association. Clinical researchers in the Yale Child Study Center in the United States have identified a new diagnostic category, Multiplex Developmental Disorder (MDD, or Multiple, Complex Developmental Disorder, MCDD). Individuals with Moo suffer from social, emotional and cognitive difficulties and resemble those described as suffering from psychotic disharmonies. The domains of overlap between MDD and psychotic disharmonies include the following : 1 /The disorders appear in. the first years of life, but later than autism; 2 /The major features of both conditions are dysfunction in the regulation of anxiety and affects; disturbances of social relations (limited reciprocity); impaired organization of thinking (cognitive processing problems); disturbed organization of the sense of self, disordered sense of reality; 3 /Changes in the clinical presentation. with development. The are several points in which the published characterizations of Moo and psychotic disharmonies diverge. These include : 1 /The descriptions of psychotic disharmonies and MDD both recognize the variability in an individual child's functioning (e.g. ease of regression) and longer term changes in symptoms, but the diagnostic rubric psychotic disharmonies emphasizes the major differences among children; 2/MDD highlights developmental disturbances in the unfolding of basic competencies while psychotic disharmonies highlights the psychotic, psychopathological process; and 3 /the diagnosis of psychotic disharmonics includes, from the start, specific psychopathological interpretation of mechanisms that underlie the child's functioning while the diagnosis of MDD is based, to a great degree, on the child's observable behavior and functioning. In spite of differences in emphasis, the French concept of "psychotic disharmony" and the American concept of Multiplex Developmental Disorder appear to be complementary; they seem to describe a similar or overlapping group of severely disturbed children. Differences between the two concepts appear to relate, at least in part, to differences in perspective or traditions of clinical theory and research. Basically, the concept of MDD specifies explicit, behavioral diagnostic criteria, consistent with the DSM and ICD traditions, and the concept of psychotic disharmony emphasizes psychodynamic mechanisms, consistent with the French nosological tradition. The convergence between these different perspectives is an optimistic sign of the clinical validity of the descriptions and the possibility of future collaboration in this field. International collaborative research can refine and clarify the shared clinical pictures captured by the current descriptions of psychotic disharmonies and MDD. This research may-lead to a convergent, new concept "psychotic disharmonies/multiplex developmental disorder (or : psychotic, disharmonious developmental disorder, DDD). Such studies may also suggest important, specific differences captured in one or the other approach which should be maintained among the new criteria. A first step in future research requires the establishment of valid and reliable criteria for psychotic disharmonies/multiplex developmental disorder (DDD). Cross-sectional and longitudinal research - using various psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and genetic methods - is required to determine if the syndrome is a useful, clearly definable, discrete nosological entity that call be defined by precise criteria. These studies will clarify if the current descriptions are too broad or if the diagnoses is used only as a "last alternative" when other diagnostic categories are not adequate. Hopefully studies of this type will lead to improved clinical approaches and better outcome for these children as well as provide a model of collaboration that can be applied in relation to other serious psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. C1 Univ Paris Sud, Fdn Vallee, F-94257 Gentilly, France. Univ Paris 05, Paris, France. CHU Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Univ Paris 13, Paris, France. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Tordjman, S (reprint author), Univ Paris Sud, Fdn Vallee, 7 rue Benserade, F-94257 Gentilly, France. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN Cohen D. J., 1994, DEV FOLLOW UP CONCEP, P155 DAHL EK, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P170, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60223-5 FISH B, 1968, AM J PSYCHIAT, V124, P1415 FOMBONNE E, 1991, CAHIERS CTNERHI, V55, P7 KLIN A, 1995, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V16, P7 MISES R, 1993, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V41, P36 MISES R, 1988, PSYCHIAT ENFANT, V31, P67 MISES R, 1993, INT STAT CLASSIFICAT, pCHR5 PINE F, 1992, BORDERLINE CHILD, P83 QUEMADA N, 1990, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V38, P540 RANK B, 1995, EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS E, P491 RESCORLA LA, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P162, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60222-3 SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P181, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60224-7 Towbin KE, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P123 Volkmar F. R., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P5 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI EVRY PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE SN 0079-726X J9 PSYCHIAT ENFANT JI Psychiatr. Enfant PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 473 EP 504 PG 32 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YX586 UT WOS:000072055400009 ER PT J AU Hughes, C Leboyer, M Bouvard, M AF Hughes, C Leboyer, M Bouvard, M TI Executive function in parents of children with autism SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; FAMILY HISTORY; INDIVIDUALS; SIBLINGS; DEFICITS AB Background. Previous studies have shown that individuals with autism show impaired performance on tests of executive function (Ozonoff et al. 1991, 1993; Hughes & Russell, 1993; Hughes et al. 1994). There is also strong evidence for genetic involvement in autism (see Rutter, 1991 for review). If executive dysfunction is a core impairment in autism, then similar impairments are hypothesized to exist in a subtler form among the parents of autistic children. Methods. Forty parents of autistic children were compared with 40 parents of learning disabled children and 36 adults from unaffected families on three computerized tests of executive function. These tasks tapped attentional-shifting skills, visuospatial planning and working memory. Participants also received a computerized control test of spatial memory-span. In addition, the interviewer's initial impressions of family members were coded using a new 33-item questionnaire. Results. A significant proportion of parents of autistic children (especially fathers) showed impaired executive function. By contrast, parents did as well as both comparison groups on a control test of spatial span, and on other 'non-executive' measures from the tasks, indicating that the autism group were as able and motivated as comparison groups. Interestingly, impairment of executive function was significantly correlated with the interviewer's pre-test impression of social abnormality among parents of autistic children. Conclusions. The hypothesis that a significant proportion of parents of autistic children show impaired executive function was supported. Parents showed good memory ability, but relatively poor planning skills and attentional flexibility. The extent to which this is an inherent trait in family members, rather than a reflection of the difficulties involved in caring for an autistic child, remains to be examined. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB, ENGLAND. GRP RECH GENET EPIDEMIOL, INSERM, U155, PARIS, FRANCE. HOP ROBERT DEBRE, SERV PSYCHOPATHOL ENFANT & ADOLESCENT, F-75019 PARIS, FRANCE. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BERGER HJC, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF01046224 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x *C INT STAT TRAV, 1988, CLASS INT TYP PROF F CANTWELL D, 1976, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P269 CLARK P, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01531685 COX A, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P146, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.146 CREAK M, 1960, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V1, P156, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1960.tb01990.x *CTR PSYCH APPL, 1981, ECH INT WESCHL ENF F *CTR PSYCH APPL, 1974, ECH INT WESCHL PER P DADDS M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P669, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01887.x EISENBERG L, 1957, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V127, P715 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 GRANT DA, 1948, J EXP PSYCHOL, V38, P404, DOI 10.1037/h0059831 Harris P., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P228 Hughes C, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01396.x HUGHES C, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P101 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 MCADOO WG, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P162, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/2.4.162 McCarthy D, 1972, MANUAL MCCARTHY SCAL MCDONALD H, 1989, 1 WORLD C PSYCH GEN MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MILNER B, 1971, BRIT MED BULL, V27, P272 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RUTTER M, 1991, NEW GENETICS MENTAL, P225 SCHOPLER E, 1971, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V24, P415 SCHOPLER E, 1979, INDIVIDUALISED ASSES, V1 SHALLICE T, 1982, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V298, P199, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x *WHO, 1992, ICD10 CAT F0099 MENT Wing L, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P149 WOLF LC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF02212727 WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x NR 51 TC 90 Z9 92 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1017/S0033291796004308 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WF255 UT WOS:A1997WF25500021 PM 9122301 ER PT J AU Findling, RL Maxwell, K Wiznitzer, M AF Findling, RL Maxwell, K Wiznitzer, M TI An open clinical trial of risperidone monotherapy in young children with autistic disorder SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; risperidone; children; medication; treatment ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HALOPERIDOL; CLOZAPINE; PLACEBO AB Autistic disorder (AD) may be associated with dysfunctional behaviors which significantly interfere with a child's functioning, Risperidone has been described as having salutary effects as an adjunctive pharmacotherapy in adult and pediatric patients with AD. The purpose of this 8-week, open-label study was to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of risperidone monotherapy in young patients with AD, Doses of risperidone were to be started at 0.25 mg qhs and were titrated to maximize clinical efficacy, Six patients (ages 5 to 9 years) were enrolled in this protocol, and all completed it, After 8 weeks of treatment, with a mean risperidone dose of 1.1 mg, improvement in symptomatology was demonstrated by reduced scores on both the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (p<.005) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (p<.001). The most common side effects were weight gain and sedation, This study provides preliminary evidence that risperidone monotherapy may be safe and effective in ameliorating dysfunctional behaviors in children with AD. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & PEDIAT,CLEVELAND,OH. UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,RAINBOW BABIES & CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INT HLTH,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CR ALLEN L, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1096 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1047 CARLSSON A, 1978, AM J PSYCHIAT, V135, P164 Casaer P, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P89, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90174-0 CHOUINARD G, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V13, P25 CLAUS A, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V85, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01473.x COHEN SA, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P440 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 ENGELHAR.DM, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P128, DOI 10.1007/BF01537988 ERNST M, 1992, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V28, P187 FISH B, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P753 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 HORRIGAN JP, 1995, 42 ANN M AM AC CHILD INSEL TR, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P605 JANSSEN PAJ, 1988, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V244, P685 KEEPERS GA, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1113 KERWIN RW, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P141, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.2.141 KOPALA L, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1714 LEYSEN JE, 1992, MOL PHARMACOL, V41, P494 MARDER SR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P825 MATSUBARA S, 1993, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V265, P498 McDougle CJ, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P273, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.273 MEGENS AAHP, 1994, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V114, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF02245439 National Institute of Mental Health, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P839 CAMPBELL M, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P1063 OVERALL JE, 1988, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V144, P708 PATIL VJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P272 PEROUTKA SJ, 1980, AM J PSYCHIAT, V137, P1518 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 REMINGTON G, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V14, P358, DOI 10.1097/00004714-199410000-00014 RICHARDSON MA, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1322 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SNYDER SH, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P460 VANDENBORRE R, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V87, P167 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 NR 39 TC 81 Z9 83 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0048-5764 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL JI Psychopharmacol. Bull. PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA WU646 UT WOS:A1997WU64600025 PM 9133768 ER PT J AU Hermida, A Eiris, J AlvarezMoreno, A AlonsoMartin, A Barreiro, J CastroGago, M AF Hermida, A Eiris, J AlvarezMoreno, A AlonsoMartin, A Barreiro, J CastroGago, M TI Hypomelanosis of Ito: Autism, segmental dilatation of colon and unusual neuroimaging finding SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE hypomelanosis of Ito; neurocutaneous syndrome; neurological abnormalities; autism ID INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS; NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROME; MOSAICISM AB Introduction. Hipomelanosis of Ito (HI) also called Incontinentia pigmenti achromians, is the third most frequent neurocutaneous disorder. The abnormal skin lesions are more evident under Wood's lamp and consist of hypopigmented areas with irregular borders, streaks, whorls or patches which are usually distributed on the trunk or on the limbs. Non-cutaneous abnormalities, particularly of the central nervous system, eye, teeth and skeleton, have been reported in 76-94% of patients. Clinical cases and conclusions. In the present paper, we report two cases of Hipomelanosis of Ito in two female girls with facial coarse features. In the first case the psychomotor development was normal. Segmental dilatation of the colon, precocious pubarchy, abnormal periventricular white matter hipersignal on MRI and nodular mass on left caudate nuclei were also present. In the second case a severe developmental delay and autistic behaviour were the prominent features. To our knowledge, findings described in case I were not previously reported in association with HI [REV NEUROL 1997; 25: 71-74]. C1 HOSP GEN GALICIA,DEPT PEDIAT,SERV NEUROPEDIAT,E-15705 SANTIAGO COMPOSTE,LA CORUNA,SPAIN. UNIV SANTIAGO,COMPLEJO HOSP,SERV NEUROPEDIAT,DEPT PEDIAT,SANTIAGO COMPOSTE,LA CORUNA,SPAIN. UNIV SANTIAGO,COMPLEJO HOSP,SERV RADIOL,SANTIAGO COMPOSTE,LA CORUNA,SPAIN. UNIV SANTIAGO,COMPLEJO HOSP,SERV ENDOCRINOL PEDIAT,SANTIAGO COMPOSTE,LA CORUNA,SPAIN. CR AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 ARDINGER HH, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P848 BATTISTELLA PA, 1990, CHILD NERV SYST, V6, P421, DOI 10.1007/BF00302232 BLUSHAN U, 1988, PEDIATR RADIOL, V20, P104 BRAFFMAN B, 1994, NEUROIMAG CLIN N AM, V4, P342 BUZAS JW, 1981, J AM ACAD DERMATOL, V4, P195 DAVID TJ, 1981, ARCH DIS CHILD, V56, P798 DONAT JF, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P709 DONNAI D, 1986, LANCET, V1, P1443 DUNN V, 1986, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, V4, P33, DOI 10.1016/0730-725X(86)91087-8 ESQUIVEL EE, 1991, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V22, P216, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071444 GLOVER MT, 1989, J PEDIATR-US, V115, P75, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80332-4 Golden S E, 1986, Pediatr Neurol, V2, P170, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(86)90012-3 GORDON N, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P271 GRIEBEL V, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P234, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071300 HAMADA K, 1979, BRAIN REV, V4, P313 HAMADA T, 1967, ARCH DERMATOL, V96, P673, DOI 10.1001/archderm.96.6.673 ISHIKAWA T, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P45 Ito M, 1952, TOHOKU J EXP MED S, V55, P57 JELINEK JE, 1973, ARCH DERMATOL, V107, P596 MILLER CA, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P607 NIETO M, 1988, AN ESP PEDIAT, V28, P311 PASCUALCASTROVIEJO I, 1988, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V15, P124 PASCUALCASTROVI.I, 1989, TRASTORNOS NEUROECTO, P1 PINOLAGUADE J, 1968, MED CUTANEA, V3, P280 ROSEMBERG S, 1984, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V15, P52, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1052341 ROSS DL, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1013 ROTT HD, 1986, LANCET, V2, P343 RUBIN MB, 1972, ARCH DERMATOL, V105, P424, DOI 10.1001/archderm.105.3.424 SCHWARTZ MF, 1977, J PEDIATR-US, V90, P236, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(77)80636-7 STEVENSON RE, 1987, P GREENWOOD GENETICS, V6, P5 THOMAS IT, 1986, LANCET, V2, P343 TOMAS M, 1991, REV ESP PEDIAT, V47, P89 TURLEAU C, 1986, HUM GENET, V74, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF00282090 Urgelles E, 1996, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V18, P78, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00101-8 WILLIAMS DW, 1990, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V14, P981, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199011000-00021 Zapella M, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P826 1992, LANCET, V339, P651 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0210-0010 J9 REV NEUROLOGIA JI Rev. Neurologia PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 137 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WZ991 UT WOS:A1997WZ99100012 PM 9091225 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RW AF Mitchell, RW TI A comparison of the self-awareness and kinesthetic-visual matching theories of self-recognition: Autistic children and others SO SELF ACROSS PSYCHOLOGY: SELF-RECOGNITION, SELF-AWARENESS, AND THE SELF CONCEPT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE; IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SYMBOLIC PLAY; IMITATION; MIRROR; CHIMPANZEES; DECEPTION; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE RP Mitchell, RW (reprint author), EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,RICHMOND,KY 40475, USA. CR ADLER HE, 1978, CETOLOGY, V30, P1 AMSTERDA.B, 1972, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V5, P297, DOI 10.1002/dev.420050403 ANDERSON JR, 1993, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V11, P339, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(93)90005-X ANISFELD M, 1991, DEV REV, V11, P60, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(91)90003-7 BAER DM, 1971, PSYCHOL MODELING CON, P128 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING MINDS BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x Bartsch K., 1995, CHILDREN TALK MIND Boccia M. L., 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P350, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.025 Boysen S. T., 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P227, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.015 BREUGGEM.JA, 1973, FOLIA PRIMATOL, V20, P178, DOI 10.1159/000155575 Burton Frances D., 1992, P31 Chevalier-Skolnikoff S., 1977, P159 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P181, DOI 10.1007/BF01537867 CUSTANCE Deborah M., 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.014 CUSTANCE DM, 1995, BEHAVIOUR, V132, P837, DOI 10.1163/156853995X00036 DAWSON G, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF02409829 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 FERRARI M, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531569 FRITH U, 1989, AUSTISM EXPLAINING A Galef B.G. Jr, 1988, P3 GALEF BG, 1986, BEHAV PROCESS, V13, P191, DOI 10.1016/0376-6357(86)90025-2 Gallup G. G., 1983, ANIMAL COGNITION BEH, P473 GALLUP GG, 1993, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V11, P327, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(93)90003-V Gallup Jr. G. G., 1987, COMP PRIMATE BIOL B, V2, P3 GALLUP GG, 1985, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V9, P631, DOI 10.1016/0149-7634(85)90010-7 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GOLDENBERG G, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P63, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)00104-W Guillaume P, 1926, IMITATION CHILDREN HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 HANNA E, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P701, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.701 HARRIS CS, 1965, PSYCHOL REV, V72, P419, DOI 10.1037/h0022616 Harris PL, 1989, CHILDREN EMOTION DEV Hart D., 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P149, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.011 HEILMAN KM, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P342 HEYES CM, 1992, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B, V45, P229 HILL SD, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P145 HOBSON RP, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P33 HOBSON RP, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF02408558 HOWELL M, 1994, AM J PRIMATOL, V13, P216 Howes D., 1991, VARIETIES SENSORY EX Hyatt Charles W., 1994, P248, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.017 JARROLD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02172127 JOHNSON DB, 1983, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V6, P211, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(83)80028-9 Jones SS, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1952, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01837.x JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 KORNHEISER AS, 1976, PSYCHOL BULL, V83, P783, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.83.5.783 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LETHMATE J, 1973, Zeitschrift fuer Tierpsychologie, V33, P248 Lewis M., 1979, SOCIAL COGNITION ACQ LOVELAND KA, 1986, DEV REV, V6, P1, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(86)90001-8 LOVELAND KA, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P928, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01430.x Marten Kenneth, 1994, P361, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.026 MARTEN K, 1995, CONSCIOUS COGN, V4, P205, DOI 10.1006/ccog.1995.1026 MASTERTON BA, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P141, DOI 10.1007/BF01531815 MASUR EF, 1993, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V39, P437 Meltzoff AN, 1990, SELF TRANSITION INFA, P139 MELTZOFF AN, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P75, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4312.75 Meltzoff Andrew N., 1993, SPATIAL REPRESENTATI, P219 Merleau-Ponty M., 1960, PRIMACY PERCEPTION, P96 METZ JR, 1965, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V2, P389 Miles H. L. W., 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P254, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.018 MILES HL, 1996, REACHING THOUGHT Mitchell R. W., 1992, PSYCHOL INQ, V3, P127, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0302_9 Mitchell R. W., 1997, J THEOR SOC BEHAV, V27, P101 MITCHELL RW, 1993, PRIMATES, V34, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02382625 MITCHELL RW, 1993, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V11, P351, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(93)90007-Z Mitchell Robert W., 1994, P177 MITCHELL RW, 1996, ANTHROPOMORPHISM ANE MITCHELL RW, 1995, 67 ANN M MIDW PSYCH MITCHELL RW, 1993, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V11, P295, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(93)90002-U MITCHELL RW, 1995, CONSCIOUS COGN, V4, P229, DOI 10.1006/ccog.1995.1029 MOORE BR, 1992, BEHAVIOUR, V122, P231, DOI 10.1163/156853992X00525 NAITO M, 1994, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V12, P403 NEUMAN CJ, 1978, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V11, P571, DOI 10.1002/dev.420110606 NISBETT RE, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P231, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231 Olton D.S., 1978, COGNITIVE PROCESS, P341 Parker S.T., 1991, Human Evolution, V6, P435, DOI 10.1007/BF02435535 Parker Sue Taylor, 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA Patterson Francine G.P., 1994, P273, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.019 PEPPERBERG IM, 1995, J COMP PSYCHOL, V109, P182, DOI 10.1037//0735-7036.109.2.182 Povinelli D. J, 1995, SELF EARLY INFANCY, P161, DOI 0.1016/S0166-4115(05)80011-1 Premack David, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL, P160 PRIEL B, 1986, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V41, P237, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90038-X REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 REED T, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF02172212 RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 RIVERS A, 1983, LAB PRIMATE NEWSL, V22, P5 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUSSON AE, 1993, J COMP PSYCHOL, V107, P147 Savage-Rumbaugh E.S., 1984, P395 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x SPIKER D, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P214, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00285.x SUAREZ SD, 1981, J HUM EVOL, V10, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0047-2484(81)80016-4 Swartz Karyl B., 1994, P189, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.013 SWARTZ KB, 1991, PRIMATES, V32, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02381939 TAYLER CK, 1973, BEHAVIOUR, V44, P286, DOI 10.1163/156853973X00436 Thompson RL, 1994, SELF AWARENESS ANIMA, P330, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511565526.024 TIEGERMAN E, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF02408553 UZGIRIS IC, 1973, COMPETENT INFANT RES, P599 Wallon H., 1954, WORLD H WALLON, P115 WALRAVEN V, 1995, PRIMATES, V36, P145, DOI 10.1007/BF02381922 WHITEN A, 1992, ADV STUD BEHAV, V21, P239 WHITEN A, 1988, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V11, P233 Wittgenstein Ludwig, 1953, PHILOS INVESTIGATION YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 111 TC 21 Z9 21 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 818 BP 39 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48245.x PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ18F UT WOS:A1997BJ18F00003 ER PT J AU Happe, F Ehlers, S Fletcher, P Frith, U Johansson, M Gillberg, C Dolan, R Frackowiak, R Frith, C AF Happe, F Ehlers, S Fletcher, P Frith, U Johansson, M Gillberg, C Dolan, R Frackowiak, R Frith, C TI 'Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE autism; brain imaging; Brodmann area 8/9; frontal cortex; theory of mind ID AUTISM; REPRESENTATION; CHILDREN AB THE ability to attribute mental states to others ('theory of mind') pervades normal social interaction and is impaired in autistic individuals. In a previous positron emission tomography scan study of normal volunteers, performing a 'theory of mind' task was associated with activity in left medial prefrontal cortex. We used the same paradigm in five patients with Asperger syndrome, a mild variant of autism with normal intellectual functioning. No task-related activity was found in this region, but normal activity was observed in immediately adjacent areas. This result suggests that a highly circumscribed region of left medial prefrontal cortex is a crucial component of the brain system that underlies the normal understanding of other minds. C1 MRC, COGNIT DEV UNIT, LONDON WC1 0BT, ENGLAND. UCL, DEPT PSYCHOL, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. UNIV GOTHENBURG, DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. INST NEUROL, WELLCOME DEPT COGNIT NEUROL, LONDON WC1N 3BG, ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Frith, Chris/A-2171-2009; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Frackowiak, Richard/I-1809-2013; Frackowiak, Richard/H-4383-2011 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; Frith, Chris/0000-0002-8665-0690; Frackowiak, Richard/0000-0002-3151-822X CR Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM CARRUTHERS P, 1996, THEORIES THEORIES MI DOLAN RJ, 1992, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V55, P768, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.55.9.768 FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R Friston KJ, 1994, HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, V1, P214 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 MAZOYER BM, 1993, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V5, P467, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.4.467 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] NR 21 TC 353 Z9 356 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD DEC 20 PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1097/00001756-199612200-00040 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WX339 UT WOS:A1996WX33900041 PM 9051780 ER PT J AU Fryburg, JS Lin, KY Matsumoto, J AF Fryburg, JS Lin, KY Matsumoto, J TI Abnormal head MRI in a neurologically normal boy with hypomelanosis of Ito SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE hypomelanosis of Ito; head MRI ID INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS; GRAY-MATTER HETEROTOPIAS; SEIZURES; AUTISM AB We report on an 8.5-year-old boy with hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) who has an abnormal MRI of the brain but is neurologically normal, There have been many reports of abnormal brain imaging studies in patients with HI, but all reported patients have had abnormal neurologic findings or symptoms, Our patient has had serial, stable head MRI white matter changes and has remained neurologically normal without any neurologic sequelae. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PLAST SURG,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. RP Fryburg, JS (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BOX 386,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908, USA. CR AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 ARDINGER HH, 1986, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V43, P848 BARKOVICH AJ, 1992, RADIOLOGY, V182, P493 BHUSHAN V, 1989, PEDIATR RADIOL, V20, P104, DOI 10.1007/BF02010650 DUNN V, 1986, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, V4, P33, DOI 10.1016/0730-725X(86)91087-8 FEDERICO A, 1989, Brain Dysfunction, V2, P262 GLOVER MT, 1989, J PEDIATR-US, V115, P75, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80332-4 Golden S E, 1986, Pediatr Neurol, V2, P170, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(86)90012-3 HARA M, 1989, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V43, P487 HARDING BN, 1992, GREENFIELDS NEUROPAT, P521 HASHIMOTO K, 1990, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V44, P414 JELINEK JE, 1973, ARCH DERMATOL, V107, P596 KIMURA M, 1994, PEDIATR RADIOL, V24, P68, DOI 10.1007/BF02017668 MALHERBE V, 1993, J NEUROL, V240, P302, DOI 10.1007/BF00838167 PASCUALCASTROVI.I, 1988, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V15, P14 PESERICO A, 1988, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V77, P446, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10676.x ROSEMBERG S, 1984, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V15, P52, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1052341 ROSS DL, 1982, NEUROLOGY, V32, P1013 SCHWARTZ MF, 1977, J PEDIATR-US, V90, P236, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(77)80636-7 SMITH AS, 1988, RADIOLOGY, V168, P195 TAGAWA T, 1994, BRAIN DEV, V26, P518 WILLIAMS DW, 1990, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V14, P981, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199011000-00021 ZAPPELLA M, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P826 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 66 IS 2 BP 200 EP 203 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VX903 UT WOS:A1996VX90300015 PM 8958331 ER PT J AU Tardif, C AF Tardif, C TI Identification of the modes of interaction of autistic children - Identification and interpretation of types of interindividual exchanges SO A N A E-APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHOLOGIQUE DES APPRENTISSAGES CHEZ L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE autism; patterns of interaction; types of exchange ID ATTACHMENT; EXPRESSIONS; DISORDERS AB This article follows on from the article which appeared in issue n degrees 36 in March 96 entitled, ''The contribution of a new method for studying the interactions observed in two-pet-salt groups involving an autistic child'' and which concentrated an methodological aspects of the research. The article was thus based on the description of a new type of approach specifically designed for the study of interactions taking place between two individuals, but it contained no details of the results of the study undertaken with this new methodology. The present article gives an account of the results obtained notably concerning the identification of different modes of interaction between the autistic child and his partner, an unfamiliar adult. C1 UNIV PARIS 05,PARIS,FRANCE. CNRS,URA 1353,LAB PSYCHOL DEV & EDUC ENFANT,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV RENNES 2,F-35043 RENNES,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1994, THESIS U RENE DESCAR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CAPPS L, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P249, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004569 CLARK P, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P201 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GUIDETTI M, 1993, EVALUATION COMMUNICA HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 MACHALE SM, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P300 Magnusson M.S., 1993, THEME USERS MANUAL N MAGNUSSON MS, IN PRESS EUROPEAN J ROGERS SJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P483, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00021 SHAPIRO T, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P480, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198707000-00003 Tardif C, 1995, INT J BEHAV DEV, V18, P727 Tardif C, 1996, APPROCHE NEUROPSYCHO, V36, P11 TRAD PV, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF01046225 WEHNER EA, 1994, 9 INT C INF STUD ICI WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 PU P D G COMMUNICATION PI PARIS PA 30 RUE D ARMAILLE, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0999-792X J9 ANAE JI A N A E-Approche Neuropsychol. Apprentiss. Enfant PD DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4-5 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WJ193 UT WOS:A1996WJ19300007 ER PT J AU Thomsen, PH AF Thomsen, PH TI A 22- to 25-year follow-up study of former child psychiatric patients: A register-based investigation of the course of psychiatric disorder and mortality in 546 Danish child psychiatric patients SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE child psychiatry; adolescent psychiatry; longitudinal study; readmission; mortality ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; ADULTHOOD; PROGNOSIS; DENMARK; AUTISM AB A total of 546 children and adolescents, aged 5 to 15 years, who were admitted as in-patients to psychiatric hospitals throughout Denmark between 1970 and 1973, were followed up with regard to later readmissions and mortality. Approximately one-third of the sample had at least one readmission after the age of 18 years; there was no significant difference between male and female subjects. Probands with three selected diagnoses, namely childhood neurosis, conduct disorder and maladjustment reactions, did have a significantly greater general risk of readmission to psychiatric hospital in adulthood than the background population. In total, 24 probands (22 male, and 2 female subjects) died during the study period. Eight subjects had committed suicide. The standard mortality rate was significantly increased. C1 PSYCHIAT HOSP AARHUS,INST PSYCHIAT DEMOG,RISSKOV,DENMARK. RP Thomsen, PH (reprint author), PSYCHIAT HOSP CHILDREN & ADOLESCENTS,RES CTR,SKOVAGERVEJ 66,DK-8240 RISSKOV,DENMARK. CR CARLSON GA, 1977, AM J PSYCHIAT, V134, P919 EGGERS C, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P21, DOI 10.1007/BF01550275 FLEISS J, 1986, J PSYCHIAT RES, V20, P295 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 HASSANNYEH F, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V23, P552 JUUL S, 1984, 1 AARH U SOC I Klein R. G., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P351 KLEIN RG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P383, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00005 LARSEN FW, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V81, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06446.x LEONARD HL, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P429 MANNUZZA S, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P565 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 Munk-Jørgensen P, 1993, Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl, V370, P27 *NAT BOARD HLTH, 1971, CLASS DIS NIE NH, 1975, STATISTICAL PACKAGE Nylander I, 1979, Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, V276, P1 PETO R, 1977, BRIT J CANCER, V35, P1, DOI 10.1038/bjc.1977.1 QUINTON D, 1990, STRAIGHT DEVIOUS PAT, P259 REMSCHMIDT H, 1993, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V6, P470, DOI 10.1097/00001504-199308000-00003 RUSSELL AT, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P399, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00017 RUTTER M, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P73, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09745.x RUTTER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P23, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00768.x SCHACHAR R, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P155, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00007.x SUNDBY HS, 1968, PROGNOSIS CHILD PSYC Thomsen P., 1994, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V3, P82 THOMSEN PH, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V81, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06456.x THOMSEN PH, IN PRESS PSYCHOPATHO THOMSEN PH, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V85, P401, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb10327.x Thomsen PH, 1990, NORD PSYKIATR TIDSSK, V44, P337, DOI 10.3109/08039489009096575 WERRY JS, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF01046330 Zeitlin H, 1986, NATURAL HIST PSYCHIA NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 94 IS 6 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09880.x PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WD208 UT WOS:A1996WD20800003 PM 9020989 ER PT J AU AlJarallah, AA Salih, MAM AlNasser, MN AlZamil, FA AlGethmi, J AF AlJarallah, AA Salih, MAM AlNasser, MN AlZamil, FA AlGethmi, J TI Rett syndrome in Saudi Arabia: Report of six patients SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID GIRLS; AUTISM AB Six girls (five Saudis and one Sudanese) aged between 3.5 and 12 years demonstrated the classic features of Rett syndrome (RS), including developmental regression with dementia, loss of acquired speech and hand function, and stereotypic hand movements. Myoclonic seizures were observed in two of them. Electroencephalography showed diffuse slowing in three cases, generalized epileptic discharges in one, and normal findings in two. Cranial computed tomography revealed normal findings, except in the 12-year-old girl who had mild bilateral frontal lobe atrophy. Except for mildly elevated blood ammonia in three patients, associated with slightly elevated blood lactate in two of them, results of neurometabolic screening tests were normal. There are, as yet, no laboratory markers pathognomonic for RS. Hence, adherence to current diagnostic criteria is essential. To prevent unnecessary and costly investigations, especially in developing countries, wider knowledge of the clinical features of the syndrome is warranted. RP AlJarallah, AA (reprint author), KING SAUD UNIV,KING KHALID UNIV HOSP,COLL MED,DEPT PAEDIAT 39,POB 2925,RIYADH 11461,SAUDI ARABIA. RI Salih, Mustafa/C-1222-2014 OI Salih, Mustafa/0000-0002-4379-2111 CR ABUMELHA A, 1987, SAUDI MED J, V8, P583 AKESSON HO, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V42, P104, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320420121 ANVENT M, 1993, RETT SYNDROME CLIN B, P99 EEGOLOFSSON O, 1988, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V10, P260 GILLBERG C, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P365 HAGBERG B, 1985, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V74, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10993.x HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 JELLINGER K, 1988, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V76, P142 KERR AM, 1985, BRIT MED J, V291, P579 MOESCHLER JB, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V82, P1 MOODLEY M, 1992, ANN TROP PAEDIATR, V12, P409 OLDFORS A, 1993, RETT SYNDROME CLIN B, P86 REISS AL, 1993, ANN NEUROL, V34, P228 ROBB SA, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P192, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071290 ROSEMBERG S, 1986, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V8, P554 TRAVELTON E, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 TREVATHAN F, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL S, V3, pS6 WAHLSTROM J, 1985, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V7, P573 WU XR, 1988, PEDIATR NEUROL, V4, P126, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(88)90056-2 ZAGZOUK S, 1993, ANN SAUDI MED, V73, P447 ZOGBI HY, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P921 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0272-4936 J9 ANN TROP PAEDIATR JI Ann. Trop. Paediatr. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA VX475 UT WOS:A1996VX47500013 PM 8985533 ER PT J AU Ravenscroft, I AF Ravenscroft, I TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Book Review RP Ravenscroft, I (reprint author), FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA, ADELAIDE, SA 5001, AUSTRALIA. CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-8402 J9 AUSTRALAS J PHILOS JI Australas. J. Philos. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 74 IS 4 BP 685 EP 687 PG 3 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA VY212 UT WOS:A1996VY21200011 ER PT J AU Kaplan, M Carmody, DP Gaydos, A AF Kaplan, M Carmody, DP Gaydos, A TI Postural orientation modifications in autism in response to ambient lenses SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial management; spatial organization; ambient lenses; autism ID CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR AB Autistic children often display abnormal postures, head tilts, and other spatial management dysfunctions. Methods were introduced to measure spatial orientation in tasks in a group of fourteen autistic children in Montreal, Canada. Ambient lenses were found to improve posture, correct head tilts, and improve ball catching abilities. A model of spatial orientation is described and recommendations are made to incorporate ambient lenses in treatment programs. C1 ST PETERS COLL,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP Kaplan, M (reprint author), CTR VISUAL MANAGEMENT,150 WHITE PLAINS RD,SUITE 410,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591, USA. CR BOOTSMA RJ, 1992, VISION MOTOR CONTROL BUITELAAR JK, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P995, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01925.x CARMODY DP, 1994, VISUAL OCULOMOTOR FU COTTER SA, 1995, CLIN USES PRISM DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 Dolezal H., 1982, LIVING WORLD TRANSFO FLACH F, 1992, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V4, P422 FLACH FF, 1983, DIRECTIONS PSYCHIAT, V3 GIBSON JJ, 1983, J EXP PSYCHOL, V16, P1 Goldstein K., 1963, ORGANISM HOLISTIC AP HELD R, 1970, NEUROSCIENCES 2ND ST Helmholtz H, 1925, TREATISE PHYSL OPTIC Howard IP, 1982, HUMAN VISUAL ORIENTA KAPLAN M, 1978, OPTOMETRIC EXTENSION, V1 KAPLAN M, 1987, OPTOMETRIC EXTENSION, V60 KOHENRAZ R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P419, DOI 10.1007/BF01048244 KRASKIN RA, 1982, OPTOMETRIC EXTENSION, V1 LEIBOWITZ HW, 1982, ORG REPRESENTATION P LEIBOWITZ HW, 1980, AGARD C P, V287 PEDERSEN J, 1989, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V80, P346, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02991.x VERONNEAUTROUTM.S, 1994, PRISMS MED SURG MANA VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb00603.x VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00270.x WEEKS DJ, 1982, VISION MOTOR CONTROL Welch R. B., 1978, PERCEPTUAL MODIFICAT NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 SN 0009-398X J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 2 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1007/BF02353802 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA VP579 UT WOS:A1996VP57900002 PM 8936794 ER PT J AU Scott, FJ BaronCohen, S AF Scott, FJ BaronCohen, S TI Logical, analogical, and psychological reasoning in autism: A test of the Cosmides theory SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIND; REPRESENTATION; CHILDREN; BELIEFS AB An important regulatory process in the development of behavior is cognition. However, cognition as a blanket term is far too broad to be useful. Rather, specific types of cognition need to be examined separately. One proposal is that one type of human reasoning evolved in a social context, to solve social problems. Here, we report two experiments that use autism to test a prediction from that theory: that social intelligence should be independent of nonsocial intelligence. Autism was chosen because deficits in social reasoning (''theory of mind'') are well known. The question we tested was whether their theory of mind deficit was dissociable from abstract and relational reasoning ability. In particular, we expected that the abnormalities in the behavioral development of children with autism would be regulated by abnormalities in theory of mind reasoning rather than other forms of reasoning. Children with autism and matched controls were given tests of abstracting reasoning, which did not involve mental state understanding. Results showed that children with autism performed comparably to the control groups, both on a test of transitive inferential reasoning and on a test of analogical reasoning. These results lend support to the specificity of the theory of mind hypothesis for autism and to Cosmides' theory of the evolution of social intelligence. They also show that cognition as a regulatory process in development needs to be examined in highly specific ways. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT EXPTL PSYCHOL,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,DEPT PSYCHOL,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Bishop DVM, 1983, TEST RECEPTION GRAMM Brothers L., 1990, CONCEPTS NEUROSCIENC, V1, P27 Brown A., 1989, COGNITION, V35, P69, DOI [DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90037-K, 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90037-k] BRYANT PE, 1971, NATURE, V232, P456, DOI 10.1038/232456a0 BRYNE R, 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL CHARMAN T, IN PRESS COGNITIVE D CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x COSMIDES L, 1989, COGNITION, V31, P187, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1 Dennett D. C., 1978, BRAINSTORMS FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 HUPHREY NK, 1976, GROWING PAINS ETHOLO JOLLY A, 1966, SCIENCE, V153, P501, DOI 10.1126/science.153.3735.501 KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1995, IN PRESS J COGNITIVE LEEKAM S, 1991, COGNITION, V41, P203 Leslie A., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER LESLIE A., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 PERNER J, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Pinker S., 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT PREMACK D, 1978, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V1, P515 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0954-5794 J9 DEV PSYCHOPATHOL JI Dev. Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 8 IS 1 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA TW641 UT WOS:A1996TW64100015 ER PT J AU Newman, B Buffington, DM Hemmes, NS AF Newman, B Buffington, DM Hemmes, NS TI Self-reinforcement used to increase the appropriate conversation of autistic teenagers SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; SKILLS; ACQUISITION; CLASSROOM; STUDENTS; LANGUAGE; FEEDBACK AB A study is presented that demonstrates that self-reinforcement can be rued to increase the appropriate conversation of teenagers with autism. The study is a systematic replication of a procedure implemented with head trauma youths reported by Gajar, Schloss, Schloss, and Thompson (1984), where feedback and self-monitoring were used to increase appropriate conversation. The current study consisted of five phases: a non-contingent reinforcement baseline phase was followed by an external-reinforcement phase. A self-reinforcement phase was then introduced, followed by a return to baseline. The study concluded with a return to the self-reinforcement phase. Subjects demonstrated increased levels of appropriate conversation during the external and self-reinforcement phases, and decreased levels of appropriate conversation in the return to baseline phase. C1 PRINCETON CHILD DEV INST,PRINCETON,NJ. CUNY,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP Newman, B (reprint author), ASSOCIAT MANHATTAN AUTIST CHILDREN,25 W 17TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10011, USA. CR BRODEN M, 1971, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V4, P191, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-191 CARR EG, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P489, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-489 CATANIA AC, 1975, BEHAVIORISM, V3, P192 CHARLOP MH, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P275, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-275 GAJAR A, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P353, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-353 HARRIS KR, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-417 HUNDERT J, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P304, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-304 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 MATSON JL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-227 McFall R. M, 1977, BEHAV SELF MANAGEMEN, P196 NEWMAN B, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V20, P191 NINNESS HAC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P499, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-499 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 RICHMAN GS, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-401 ROSENBAUM MS, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P467, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-467 SCHEPIS MM, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P363, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-363 SECAN KE, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P181, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-181 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI RESTON PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 SN 0013-1237 J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 31 IS 4 BP 304 EP 309 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA VX501 UT WOS:A1996VX50100004 ER PT J AU Bennett, PL AF Bennett, PL TI Practitioners' perceived usefulness of 'autism' and related terms: Implications for diagnostic procedures SO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; LABEL AB A number of terms have been proposed to describe individuals who experience difficulties identified within the spectrum of autism. A sample of terms was selected and four professional groups were requested to indicate which of the terms they would use/never use in working with young children. Severe communication difficulties and autistic features were found td be the most frequently used terms. Pervasive developmental disorder and autistic syndrome were the most infrequently used terms. Guidance for diagnostic/descriptive procedures were drawn from parent interview and practitioners' advice on complications experienced in diagnosis. CR AARONS M, 1992, HDB AUTISM BISHOP D, 1989, BRIT J DISORDERS COM, V24, P17 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO EIKESETH S, 1992, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V23, P151, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(92)90031-D Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Gross J, 1994, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V10, P104, DOI 10.1080/0266736940100206 HAPPE F, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00356.x HOWLIN P, 1989, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C KANNER L, 1969, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V36, P2 LECOUTEUR A, 1990, BRIT J HOSP MED, V43, P448 RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SANDBERG AD, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V84, P365 VISSER J, 1993, SPECIAL ED BRITAIN W Wing L., 1971, AUTISTIC CHILDREN Wing L., 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0013-1881 J9 EDUC RES JI Educ. Res. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA VT638 UT WOS:A1996VT63800007 ER PT J AU Szatmari, P Streiner, DL AF Szatmari, P Streiner, DL TI The effect of selection criteria on outcome studies of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders (PDD); selection criteria; children ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; AUTISM; STABILITY; REGRESSION; BEHAVIOR; LEVEL; AGE AB The objective of this paper is to see whether regression to the mean biases the differences on outcome observed between children with Asperger syndrome and autism. Children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and normal nonverbal IQ were divided into those with Asperger syndrome and autism. It was hypothesized that IQ in the autistic children would fall at the 2-year outcome assessments since the autistic group represented a subgroup selected on the basis of extreme scores on a single measure. In fact, the Asperger syndrome group experienced a significant drop in nonverbal IQ contrary to expectation. Serial measurements of nonverbal IQ at inception indicated that this drop was probably a function of high initial nonverbal IQ scores that fall over time due to increasing complexity of problem-solving tests. The results are discussed in relation to outcome studies of high functioning children with PDD. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3Z5,CANADA. RP Szatmari, P (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,CHEDOKE MCMASTER HOSP,CHEDOKE DIV,PATTERSON BLDG 207,POB 2000,STN A,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3Z5,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 CHINN S, 1981, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V114, P902 DAVIS CE, 1976, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V104, P493 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 Galton F., 1886, J ANTHR I, V15, P246, DOI 10.2307/2841583 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 HANNAN PJ, 1994, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V139, P22 ICD-10, 1992, ICD10 WHO LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEVINE MN, 1986, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02212853 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x MINSHEW NJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P762, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90017-8 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 OLDHAM PD, 1962, J CHRON DIS, V15, P969, DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(62)90116-9 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SPARROW SS, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V25, P180 STREINER D, 1989, PDQ EPIDEMIOLOGY SZATMARI P, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1662, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 THORNDIKE R, 1985, STANFORD BINET INTEL Wing L, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WA511 UT WOS:A1996WA51100001 PM 8989556 ER PT J AU Martinsson, T Johannesson, T Vujic, M Sjostedt, A Steffenburg, S Gillberg, C Wahlstrom, J AF Martinsson, T Johannesson, T Vujic, M Sjostedt, A Steffenburg, S Gillberg, C Wahlstrom, J TI Maternal origin of inv dup(15) chromosomes in infantile autism SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE FISH; marker chromosome; partial tetrasomy 15, autism ID PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MARKER CHROMOSOME; PARENTAL ORIGIN; ANGELMAN; DELETION; REGION; ABNORMALITIES; DISOMY; PROBES AB Six male patients with infantile autism and an extra inverted duplicated chromosome 15[inv dup(15)] were reported in a previous study. These patients had four copies of the chromosome region 15pter-q13, or an inv dup(l5)(pter->q13; q13->pter). In this new study, DNA from the families of four of the patients were analysed using Southern based RFLPs and microsatellite polymorphisms from the region. In all four cases the inv dup(15) chromosome was of maternal origin. Furthermore, the data suggests that it originated in the maternal meiotic process rather than in an early mitosis in the developmental process of the embryo. The extra chromosome contained material from both of the maternally derived 15-chromosomes. Based on the molecular data presented here, a model for the origin of chromosome markers of this type is proposed. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,ANNEDALS CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,EAST HOSP,DEPT CLIN GENET,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT GENET,LUNDBERG LAB,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RI Martinsson, Tommy/J-4140-2013 OI Martinsson, Tommy/0000-0002-9403-3123 CR AMBROS PF, 1987, HUM GENET, V77, P251, DOI 10.1007/BF00284479 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BUTLER MG, 1983, LANCET, V1, P1285 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO FUJITA H, 1980, HUM GENET, V55, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF00290227 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P313 GILLBERG C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P489, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00022 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P105 HAMABE J, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V41, P54, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320410116 HOTOPF M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02178166 JOHANNESSON T, 1991, HEREDITAS, V115, P295 KNOLL JHM, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P285, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320320235 KNOLL JHM, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P16 LEANACOX J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P748 LITT M, 1991, PCR PRACTICAL APPROA, P85 MALCOLM S, 1991, LANCET, V337, P694, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90278-W Maraschio P, 1988, CYTOGENETICS MAMMALI, P615 MARASCHIO P, 1981, HUM GENET, V57, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF00281681 MUTIRANGURA A, 1992, HUM MOL GENET, V1, P67, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.1.67 NICHOLLS RD, 1989, NATURE, V342, P281, DOI 10.1038/342281a0 Robinson Wendy P., 1993, European Journal of Human Genetics, V1, P37 SCHINZEL A, 1984, CATALOGUE UNBALANCED, P47 SCHRECK RR, 1977, HUM GENET, V36, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00390430 SHIBUYA Y, 1991, CLIN GENET, V40, P233 Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 TANTRAVAHI U, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V33, P78, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320330110 WAGSTAFF J, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P330 WAHLSTROM J, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V32, P197 WAHLSTROM J, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P447 WANG HS, 1984, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V37, P601 Wik Sjöstedt A, 1989, Hereditas, V111, P115 WISNIEWSKI L, 1979, HUM GENET, V50, P259, DOI 10.1007/BF00399391 WISNIEWSKI LP, 1980, CLIN GENET, V18, P42 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WA511 UT WOS:A1996WA51100002 PM 8989557 ER PT J AU Kyllerman, M Nyden, A Praquin, N Rasmussen, P Wetterquist, AK Hedstrom, A AF Kyllerman, M Nyden, A Praquin, N Rasmussen, P Wetterquist, AK Hedstrom, A TI Transient psychosis in a girl with epilepsy and continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE epileptic syndrome; childhood psychosis ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPHASIAS; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; ACQUIRED APHASIA; FOLLOW-UP; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB A normally developed and healthy 6-year-old girl suffered the onset of epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and atypical absences. Initially the EEG showed epileptiform activity over the temporal and parietal regions, later there were episodes of bilateral synchronous spike-wave activity with a frequency of 1.5-2.5 Hz. After a few months, deterioration of cognitive and behavioural functions appeared and gradually increased with the development of a full-blown disintegrative psychosis that went on for several months. Sleep EEG recordings showed the characteristic abnormality described as continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep. Later there was a remarkable improvement of neuropsychiatric functions but a second outbreak of psychosis seems to have left the girl, who is now 9 years of age, with severe mental impairment. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,EAST HOSP,CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,EAST HOSP,DEPT CHILD & YOUTH PSYCHIAT,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. GOTHENBURG UNIV,STAHLGRENSKA HOSP,DEPT CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP Kyllerman, M (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,EAST HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,S-41685 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR Aicardi J, 1992, CLIN DEV MED, V115 ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BEAUMANOIR A, 1992, EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES, P181 Bender L., 1938, RES MONOGRAPH AM ORT, V3 Billard C, 1982, SLEEP EPILEPSY, P481 BISHOP DVM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P705 BOEL M, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P176, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071287 CARPENTER S, 1990, CANADA DIS WEEKLY E, V1, P73 DENEGRI M, 1993, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V15, P319, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(93)90035-7 DEONNA T, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P166 DEONNA T, 1989, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V20, P132, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1071278 ECHENNE B, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P216 FROSTIG M, 1966, M FROSTIG DEV TEST V GILLBERG C, 1983, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V14, P206, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1059580 Harris DB, 1963, GOODENOUGH HARRIS DR KELLERMANN K, 1978, EUR J PEDIATR, V128, P207, DOI 10.1007/BF00444306 KORKMAN M, 1988, THESIS HELSINKI U HE Morikawa T, 1989, ADV EPILEPTOL, P359 NASS R, 1993, PEDIATR NEUROL, V9, P303, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(93)90069-O OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OUNSTED M, 1987, CLIN DEV MED, V103 PATRY G, 1971, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V24, P242 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 SUTHERLAND RJ, 1990, NEUROSCI LETT, V120, P221, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90043-9 TASSINARI CA, 1992, EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES, P194 Tassinari CA, 1977, EPILEPSY, P345 TEITELBAUM J, 1990, CANADA DIS WEEKLY S, V1, P9 Wechsler D, 1949, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC ZATORRE RJ, 1990, CANADA DIS WEEKLY S1, V1, P101 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WA511 UT WOS:A1996WA51100006 PM 8989561 ER PT J AU Aylett, SE Cross, JH Taylor, DC Boyd, SG Neville, BGR AF Aylett, SE Cross, JH Taylor, DC Boyd, SG Neville, BGR TI Epileptic akinetic mutism: Following temporal lobectomy for Rasmussen's syndrome SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE akinetic mutism; Rasmussen encephalitis; temporal lobectomy; epileptic aphasia (LKS); pervasive developmental disorder ID SURGERY; ENCEPHALITIS; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB A girl aged 9 years with Rasmussen's encephalitis previously treated by left temporal lobectomy suddenly developed prolonged attacks of extremely rapid respirations associated with poverty of body movements and greatly reduced facial movements with loss of speech. Her comprehension appeared intact and she responded to certain requests. Her eye gaze behaviour suggested a high degree of vigilance. The attacks would last from minutes to hours and were repeated up to a dozen times daily. In the context of the stress generated by the illness and other family problems the attacks had been mistaken for an hysterical elaboration. Their ictal nature was confirmed by EEG/video monitoring. Possible links with other developmental language disorders associated with epilepsy are discussed, including a model of autism. C1 INST CHILD HLTH,NEUROSCI UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. HOSP CHILDREN,NHS TRUST,DEPT CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Aylett, SE (reprint author), HOSP CHILDREN,NHS TRUST,DEPT NEUROL,GREAT ORMOND ST,LONDON,ENGLAND. CR ADAM C, 1994, EPILEPSIA, V35, P1065, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02556.x AICARDI J, 1994, EPILEPSY CHILDREN 2 American Psychiatric Association, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Andermann F, 1991, CHRONIC ENCEPHALITIS Beaumanoir Anne, 1992, P231 BROTHERSTONE R, 1992, J ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC, V18, P245 CUMMINGS JL, 1983, J NERV MENT DIS, V171, P255, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198304000-00010 ENSON DF, 1994, NEUROLOGY THINKING FEJERMAN N, 1987, EPILEPSIA, V28, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03656.x FERRANTE L, 1990, J NEUROSURG, V72, P959, DOI 10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0959 HART YM, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1030 HEWARTSON J, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V94, P148 HONAVAR M, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P3 LACAPRA S, 1994, ANN EMERG MED, V23, P877, DOI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70327-2 NEVILLE BGR, 1995, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V58, P371, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.58.3.371 Pavoni M, 1993, Acta Neurol (Napoli), V15, P1 PRATS JM, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P359 RASMUSSEN T, 1958, NEUROLOGY, V8, P435 TUCHMAN RF, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P95 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 222 EP 225 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WA511 UT WOS:A1996WA51100007 PM 8989562 ER PT J AU Jordan, R AF Jordan, R TI Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs - Trevarthen,C, Aitken,K, Papoudi,D, Robarts,J SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review RP Jordan, R (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA WA511 UT WOS:A1996WA51100010 ER PT J AU Piazza, CC Hanley, GP Fisher, WW AF Piazza, CC Hanley, GP Fisher, WW TI Functional analysis and treatment cigarette pica SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE developmental disabilities; pica; nicotine; autism; functional analysis; stimulus control ID SELF-INJURY; REINFORCEMENT; DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR AB A series of analyses was conducted to assess and treat the pica of cigarette butts by a young man with mental retardation and autism. First, we demonstrated that pica was maintained in a condition with no social consequences when the available cigarettes contained nicotine but not when the cigarettes contained herbs without nicotine. Second, a choice assessment (Fisher et al., 1992) confirmed that tobacco was preferred over the other components of the cigarette (e.g., paper, filter, etc.). Third, an analogue functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) demonstrated that cigarette pica was maintained independent of social consequences. Fourth, a treatment designed to interrupt the hypothesized response-reinforcer relationship reduced consumption of cigarettes to zero. Finally, because cigarette pica occurred primarily when the individual was alone or under minimal supervision, a procedure based on stimulus control was developed to improve the effectiveness of the intervention in these situations. RP Piazza, CC (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,NEUROBEHAV UNIT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR ANDO K, 1981, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V72, P117, DOI 10.1007/BF00431644 Catania A. C., 1992, LEARNING DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P141 DONNELLY DR, 1990, BEHAV MODIF, V14, P81, DOI 10.1177/01454455900141006 FAVELL JE, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P83, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90007-6 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 FOXX RM, 1975, BEHAV RES THER, V13, P153, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(75)90009-1 Henningfield Jack E., 1995, P1715 HENNINGFIELD JE, 1984, ADV BEHAV PHARMACOL, P131 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P215, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 JONES RT, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1589 KENNEDY CH, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P27, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-27 LARSON PS, 1961, TOBACCO EXPT CLIN S MACE FC, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-411 MCMAHON B, 1986, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V255, P1045 VOLLMER TR, 1994, RES DEV DISABIL, V15, P187, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)90011-6 NR 17 TC 69 Z9 69 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-437 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WA326 UT WOS:A1996WA32600003 PM 8995829 ER PT J AU Piazza, CC Moes, DR Fisher, WW AF Piazza, CC Moes, DR Fisher, WW TI Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and demand fading in the treatment of escape-maintained destructive behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE demand fading; developmental disabilities; functional analysis; escape behavior AB The escape-maintained destructive behavior of a boy with autism was reduced during instructional sequences with differential reinforcement of compliance (DRA), escape extinction without physical guidance, and demand fading. The procedure decreased destructive behaviors to near-zero levels and greatly increased compliance. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Piazza, CC (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,NEUROBEHAV UNIT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 Lalli JS, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-391 PACE GM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P301, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-301 NR 3 TC 25 Z9 26 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 569 EP 572 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-569 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WA326 UT WOS:A1996WA32600014 PM 8995837 ER PT J AU Hagopian, LP Farrell, DA Amari, A AF Hagopian, LP Farrell, DA Amari, A TI Treating total liquid refusal with backward chaining and fading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE backward chaining; fading; liquid refusal AB In this study, we report on a 12-year-old boy with autism, mental retardation, and a history of severe gastrointestinal problems who presented with total liquid and food refusal. Backward chaining was used to shape drinking from a cup, and a fading procedure was used to increase the quantity of water he was required to drink. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Hagopian, LP (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,NEUROBEHAV UNIT,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR JOHNSON CR, 1993, BEHAV MODIF, V17, P510, DOI 10.1177/01454455930174006 NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 29 IS 4 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-573 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WA326 UT WOS:A1996WA32600015 PM 8995838 ER PT J AU Ghaziuddin, M Gerstein, L AF Ghaziuddin, M Gerstein, L TI Pedantic speaking style differentiates Asperger syndrome from high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEMANTIC PRAGMATIC DISORDER; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; INDIVIDUALS; CLUMSINESS; DISCOURSE; CHILDHOOD AB Asperger syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder recently introduced as a new diagnostic category in the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV. Along with motor clumsiness, pedantic speech has been proposed as a clinical feature of AS. However, few attempts have been made to define and measure this symptom. We studied 17 patients with AS (ICD-10; 14 male, 3 female; mean age 16.4 years, mean full-scale IQ 97) and compared them with a control group of 13 patients with normal-intelligence autism or high-functioning autism (HFA) (ICD-10/DSM-III-R; 12 male, 1 female; mean age 15.5 years, mean full-scale IQ 81.2). An operational definition of pedantic speech was formulated and a raring scale devised 13 (76%) of the AS patients were rated as pedantic compared to 4 (31%) of the HFA group (chi(2) = 6.3; p = .01). Results suggest that pedantic speech is common in AS and may help differentiate AS from high-functioning autism. RP Ghaziuddin, M (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,TAUBMAN CTR,BOX 0390,1500 E MED CTR DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. CR ADAMS C, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P211 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 1971, OXFORD ENGLISH DICT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BALTAXE CAM, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01046399 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P241 BURGOINE E, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P261, DOI 10.1192/bjp.143.3.261 DELONG GR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P593 EALES MJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P593, DOI 10.1007/BF01046104 FINE J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF02172230 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG C, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF01531783 Grice H., 1975, SYNTAX SEMANTICS, V3 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 Levinson Stephen C., 1983, PRAGMATICS Ochs Elinor, 1979, SYNTAX SEMANTICS, V12, P51 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PRUTTING CA, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P105 RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 RUTTER M, 1965, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V7, P518 *SAS I INC, 1993, SAS US GUID SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stevens D.E, 1988, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V2, P228, DOI 10.1080/13854048808520105 TANTAM D, 1986, ECCENTRICITY AUTISM TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P783, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.783 VANKREVE.DA, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P82 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D., 1981, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC *WHO, 1988, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 WOLFF S, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1979.tb01704.x NR 40 TC 72 Z9 73 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 585 EP 595 DI 10.1007/BF02172348 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100002 PM 8986845 ER PT J AU Cornish, KM McManus, IC AF Cornish, KM McManus, IC TI Hand preference and hand skill in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGICAL LEFT-HANDEDNESS; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Hand preference and hand skill was assessed in two broad age groups of children with autism, children with learning disabilities and control schoolchildren. The first group comprised children ages 3-5 years and the second group of children ages 11-13 years. Degree of handedness remained relatively stable across age groups, particularly within the autistic and learning-disabled populations. The main difference was between the subject groups, with the normal controls more lateralized than either the children with autism or children with learning disabilities. As with degree of handedness, consistency of handedness also differed significantly between subject groups with the normal controls more consistent in their hand preference than the other two groups. In addition, younger children were less consistent in their hand preference than older children. However, the present study found no evidence of a dissociation of hand skill and hand preference in children with autism compared to children with learning disabilities and normal developing children. C1 UNIV LEICESTER, LEICESTER LE1 7RH, LEICS, ENGLAND. UCL, LONDON, ENGLAND. CR ANNETT M, 1970, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V61, P303 BATHEJA M, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P63 Bishop D., 1990, HANDEDNESS DEV DISOR FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 GILLBERG C, 1983, PSYCHIAT RES, V10, P21, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(83)90025-2 LEBOYER M, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P539, DOI 10.1007/BF02211872 MCMANUS IC, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P257 MCMANUS IC, 1996, BLACKWELL DICT NEURO MCMANUS IC, 1992, CORTEX, V28, P373 PIPE ME, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V104, P343, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.104.3.343 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SATZ P, 1988, BRAIN LATERALIZATION SATZ P, 1989, Brain Dysfunction, V2, P25 SATZ P, 1985, BRAIN COGNITION, V4, P27, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(85)90052-1 Satz P, 1972, Cortex, V8, P121 SOPER HV, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF01531727 SOPER HV, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V22, P511, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(84)90046-0 TSAI LY, 1982, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P595 TSAI LY, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P156, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.2.156 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 54 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1007/BF02172349 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100003 PM 8986846 ER PT J AU Carpentieri, S Morgan, SB AF Carpentieri, S Morgan, SB TI Adaptive and intellectual functioning in autistic and nonautistic retarded children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS AB This study examined the relationship between adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) and intellectual functioning on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th edition (SB-IV) in autistic children and nonautistic retarded children of comparable CA and SB-IV composite score (IQ). The autistic group had lower scores than the retarded group in VABS adaptive composite, Socialization domain, and Communication domain, and SB-IV Verbal Reasoning area. VABS domain scores yielded higher classification rates than the SB-IV area scores in discriminating the two groups. Correlations between the two measures were much higher for the autistic group than for the retarded group. Results support the conclusion that the cognitive impairment in autism is reflected in greater impairment in adaptive behaviors than in mental retardation without autism. C1 UNIV MEMPHIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th CARPENTIERI SC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P215, DOI 10.1007/BF02172098 FREEMAN BJ, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P428, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00008 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Thorndike R. L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING 4 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P493 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 NR 12 TC 51 Z9 52 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 611 EP 620 DI 10.1007/BF02172350 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100004 PM 8986847 ER PT J AU Campbell, DG Reichle, NC VanBourgondien, ME AF Campbell, DG Reichle, NC VanBourgondien, ME TI The autism survey: An evaluation of reliability and validity SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOW KAPPA; PARADOXES AB Psychometric properties of the Autism Survey, an instrument designed to assess respondents' knowledge about autism, were evaluated. Subjects completed the survey at a training conference and again I month later Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the survey measures one factor. With respect to reliability, the Autism Survey proved to be stable across time, and the total score was internally consistent. A few rogue items were recommended for deletion. Further analyses support the validity of the instrument. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV TEACCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CR Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS Brown F.G., 1983, PRINCIPLES ED PSYCHO CANTWELL DP, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P41 Cerreto M C, 1980, J Pediatr Psychol, V5, P253, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/5.3.253 CICCHETTI DV, 1990, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V43, P551, DOI 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90159-M CICCHETTI DV, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P605, DOI 10.1080/01688638808402799 CICCHETTI DV, 1981, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P127 DAWSON G, 1983, HDB CLIN CHILD PSYCH, P543 FEINSTEIN AR, 1990, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V43, P543, DOI 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90158-L Fleiss J., 1981, STATISTICAL METHODS HANDLEMAN LS, 1986, BEHAV THERAPIST, V17, P137 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LANDIS JR, 1977, BIOMETRICS, V33, P159, DOI 10.2307/2529310 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V9, P3, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/9.1.3 MESIBOV GB, 1991, ENCY HUMAN BIOL, V1, P505 Mitchell D., 1992, RESIDENTIAL SERVICES Nunnally J. C., 1978, PSYCHOMETRIC THEORY RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 RUTTER M, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02260.x *SAS I INC, 1987, US GUID SCHOPLER E, 1983, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V6, P93 Schopler Eric, 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P3 STONE WL, 1987, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V12, P615, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/12.4.615 STONE WL, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P403, DOI 10.1007/BF02212195 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 621 EP 634 DI 10.1007/BF02172351 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100005 PM 8986848 ER PT J AU Williams, PG Allard, A Sears, L AF Williams, PG Allard, A Sears, L TI Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL AWARENESS AB Persons with autism frequently exhibit circumscribed interests and unusual preoccupations. In this case study two young males with autism are presented who have preoccupations with feminine gender-stereotyped activities and objects. These types of preoccupations in children with autism have not been reported in the literature, but may be more prevalent than realized due to parental underreporting given the negative stigma associated with feminine interests in young boys. The development of gender identity in young children with autism has rarely been addressed in the literature. It seems unlikely that these two cases can be categorized as gender identity disorders. Understanding these preoccupations in the context of autism rather than focusing on the gender identify issues has important implications for treatment. These cases point to the need for further study of the complex interplay of environmental and neurobiologic factors affecting gender identity roles and preoccupations in autism. RP Williams, PG (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,CHILD EVALUAT CTR,571 S FLOYD,SUITE 100,LOUISVILLE,KY 40202, USA. CR ABELSON AG, 1981, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V7, P347, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1981.tb00851.x ALPERN GD, 1984, DEV PROFILE, V2 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ARTHUR G, 1952, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Becker Judith V., 1994, P653 ELGAR S, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P214 Happe F., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P177 KOBAYASHI R, 1991, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, V32, P1 LEVINE S, 1989, COMPREHENSIVE TXB PS, V1, P1061 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LURIA Z, 1993, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, V2, P543 OWSLEY O, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 ROSENFELD AA, 1993, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V2, P393 RUBLE LA, 1993, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V22, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01541768 TAKIYASU N, 1994, UNPUB GENDER ROLE DE THORNDIKE R, 1986, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY, V2, P513 Zucker K. J., 1993, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V2, P513 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1007/BF02172352 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100006 PM 8986849 ER PT J AU Forsey, J Bird, EKR Bedrosian, J AF Forsey, J Bird, EKR Bedrosian, J TI Brief report: The effects of typed and spoken modality combinations on the language performance of adults with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,SCH HUMAN COMMUN DISORDERS,HALIFAX,NS B3H 1R2,CANADA. PEACE RIVER HLTH UNIT,FT ST JOHN,BC,CANADA. WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,KALAMAZOO,MI 49008. CR Beukelman DR, 1992, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1985, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Chapman R., 1991, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG COURCHESNE E, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P3 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA GARDNER MF, 1990, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Jastak S, 1984, WIDE RANGE ACHIEVEME LINCOLN AJ, 1992, BRAIN LANG, V43, P613, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(92)90086-T Loban W., 1976, 18 NAT COUNC TEACH E MAURER RG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P195, DOI 10.1007/BF01531309 Mirenda P, 1989, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V5, P3, DOI 10.1080/07434618912331274916 PRIZANT BM, 1983, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V46, P241 Rimland B., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P16 SMALLEY SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02284724 Woodcock R., 1987, WOODCOCK READING MAS NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1007/BF02172353 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100007 PM 8986850 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, R AF Kobayashi, R TI Brief report: Physiognomic perception in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEFICITS RP Kobayashi, R (reprint author), TOKAI UNIV,SCH HLTH SCI,ISEHARA,KANAGAWA 25911,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BEMPORAD JR, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF01531533 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 HOBSON RP, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P157 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOBAYASHI R, 1994, 13 INT C INT ASS CHI Merleau-Ponty M, 1945, PHENOMENOLOGIE PERCE ORNITZ EM, 1968, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V18, P76 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD VOLKMAR FR, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF01837898 Werner H., 1948, COMP PSYCHOL MENTAL NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1007/BF02172355 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100009 PM 8986852 ER PT J AU Kunce, L AF Kunce, L TI Siblings of children with autism: A guide for families - Harris,SL SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP Kunce, L (reprint author), ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IL 61701, USA. CR Harris Sandra L., 1994, SIBLINGS CHILDREN AU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.1007/BF02172356 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100010 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E AF Fombonne, E TI Is the prevalence of autism increasing? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Editorial Material CR FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 673 EP 676 DI 10.1007/BF02172357 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VY261 UT WOS:A1996VY26100011 PM 8986853 ER PT J AU Squires, J Nickel, RE Eisert, D AF Squires, J Nickel, RE Eisert, D TI Early detection of developmental problems: Strategies for monitoring young children in the practice setting SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID EARLY INTERVENTION; SCREENING INSTRUMENTS; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; RATING-SCALES; PRIMARY CARE; PEDIATRICIANS; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDHOOD; AUTISM C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,CHILD DEV & REHABIL CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP Squires, J (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,EARLY INTERVENT PROGRAM 5253,COLL EDUC,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. CR *AM AC PED, 1978, TASK FORC PED ED FUT *AM AC PED COMM PR, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V81, P466 American Psychological Association, 1985, STAND ED PSYCH TESTS Aylward GP, 1995, BAYLEY INFANT NEUROD BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BIERMAN JM, 1964, PEDIATRICS, V34, P680 Bricker D, 1995, AGES STAGES QUESTION, P156 Bricker D., 1989, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V13, P50 BROOKSGUNN J, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V272, P1257, DOI 10.1001/jama.272.16.1257 CHANDLER LS, 1986, PHYS OCCUP THER PEDI, V6, P171, DOI 10.1300/J006v06n03_08 CHECH D, 1985, ANN M AM AC CER PALS Coplan J, 1993, J Pediatr Health Care, V7, P212, DOI 10.1016/0891-5245(93)90006-4 DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169 DALE PS, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P565 DILLIEN CM, 1972, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V14, P575 DWORKIN PH, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V84, P1000 EISERT D C, 1980, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, V5, P353, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/5.4.353 EISERT DC, 1991, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V12, P45 Eyberg S., 1980, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V54, P587 FENSON L, 1993, MACARTHUR SHORT VOCA FRANKENBURG WK, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P91 FRANKENBURG WK, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V110, P653, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80573-5 FRANKENBURG WK, 1983, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, P927 GLASCOE FP, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P547 GLASCOE FP, 1995, VALIDATION STUDY PSY GLASCOE FP, 1993, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V14, P344 GLASCOE FP, 1981, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V4, P1 GOYETTE CH, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00919127 HARRIS SR, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P508 HART H, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P442 HENDERSON LW, 1992, J EARLY INTERVEN, V18, P141 HICKSON GB, 1983, M AMB PED ASS WASH D HRESKO WP, 1984, TEST EARLY SOCIOEMOT HUTCHISON T, 1988, BRIT J HOSP MED, V39, P22 *INF HLTH DEV PROG, 1990, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V263, P3035 Ireton H., 1992, CHILD DEV INVENTORIE Kelleher KJ, 1996, PEDIATRICS, V97, P899 KNOBLOCH H, 1979, PEDIATRICS, V63, P872 KORSCH B, 1961, PEDIATRICS, V27, P990 LAVIGNE JV, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P649 LICHTENSTEIN R, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF00913462 LICHTENSTIEN R, 1984, PRESCHOOL SCREENING LITTLE M, 1994, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V15, P191 LYNCH MJ, 1992, EARLY INTERVENTION I MASSA JLP, 1992, EUR J PSYCHIAT, V6, P109 MCCUNE YD, 1984, PEDIATRICS, V74, P183 Meisels S. J., 1993, EARLY CHILDHOOD RES, V8, P327, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2006(05)80071-7 Meisels SJ, 1989, SCREENING ASSESSMENT MEISELS SJ, 1988, ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH, V9, P527 Miller L, 1994, TODDLER INFANT MOTOR Miller L. J., 1993, 1 STEP SCREENING TES *NAT CTR CLIN INF, 1989, PROJ ZER 3 INT SPIR, P99 *NAT EAST SEALS SO, 1990, WATCH ME GROW EAST S NELSON KB, 1982, PEDIATRICS, V69, P529 NELSON MN, 1983, ANN M AM AC CER PALS Newborg J., 1984, BATTELLE DEV INVENTO NICKEL RE, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P35 PALFREY JS, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V111, P651, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80238-X PIDCOCK FS, 1987, PEDIAT BASICS, V47, P5 Piper M. C., 1992, CAN J PUBLIC HLTH, V2, P546 RAMEY C, 1991, MENT RETARD, V30, P337 RESCORLA L, 1989, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V54, P587 Sameroff A. J., 1993, HDB INFANT MENTAL HL, P3 SAMEROFF AJ, 1987, PEDIATRICS, V79, P343 SCOTT FG, 1993, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V17, P129 SHONKOFF JP, 1979, PEDIATRICS, V64, P506 SOLOMON R, 1995, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V7, P38 SQUIRES J, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P162 Squires J, 1996, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V9, P16 Squires J, 1990, INFANTS YOUNG CHILDR, V3, P46 STUBERG WA, 1989, PHYS THER, V69, P328 TIROSH E, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P238 TOMBLIN JB, 1987, ANN M AM AC PED NOV Tones K, 1990, HLTH ED EFFECTIVENES VOSTANIS P, 1994, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V20, P165, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00378.x Werner E., 1992, OVERCOMING ODDS HIGH NR 76 TC 58 Z9 59 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 17 IS 6 BP 420 EP 427 DI 10.1097/00004703-199612000-00008 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA VX523 UT WOS:A1996VX52300008 PM 8960572 ER PT J AU Augustyn, M AF Augustyn, M TI Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review RP Augustyn, M (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV DEV & BEHAV PEDIAT,BOSTON CITY HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. CR Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 17 IS 6 BP 432 EP 433 DI 10.1097/00004703-199612000-00014 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA VX523 UT WOS:A1996VX52300014 ER PT J AU Aman, MG AF Aman, MG TI Stimulant drugs in the developmental disabilities revisited SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE stimulants; developmental disabilities; medication treatment ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; INTELLECTUALLY SUBAVERAGE CHILDREN; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; METHYLPHENIDATE; RETARDATION; ADHD; ATTENTION; EFFICACY; FENFLURAMINE AB In this paper, I attempt to update the evidence for a conceptual model published some years ago (Aman, 1982) that strived to account for variable responses to stimulant medication in children with normal IQ and in those with developmental disabilities. This model accounted for such variations in terms of differences in breadth of attention across clinical groups. Recent reports on the use of stimulant drugs in subjects with developmental disabilities were reviewed. The evidence shows that children with mental retardation and ADHD often benefit from such medication, although their response rate seems to be somewhat lower than that of ADHD children of normal IQ. There is a paucity of stimulant drug research with children having autism, but it is clear that some of them also benefit from stimulant medication. However, there are also reports of adverse behavioral reactions to the stimulants in some children with autism or PDD. Several studies examining predictor variables were reviewed. Breadth of attention, IQ, and mental age have been useful in predicting outcome in a number of studies, and I argue that this supports the model. There is a continuing need for stimulant drug research in children with developmental disabilities, especially in those with autism. There is also merit in assessing cognitive variables suggested by the model as well as demographic and clinical variables for their ability to predict clinical response in these children. RP Aman, MG (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,NISONGER CTR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. CR Aman M., 1986, ABERRANT BEHAV CHECK AMAN MG, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P851, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00022 AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P246, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00013 AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P816, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80022-X AMAN MG, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P491, DOI 10.1007/BF01046052 AMAN MG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P385, DOI 10.1007/BF01538326 AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 AMAN MG, 1982, APPL RES MENTAL RETA, V3, P1 AMAN MG, 1996, INT REV RES MENTAL R Barkley R. A., 1993, PRACTITIONERS GUIDE, P205 BEALE IL, 1994, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V6, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF02579356 BIRMAHER B, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V27, P248 CAMPBELL M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF01538168 CAMPBELL M, 1976, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V19, P70 COHEN NJ, 1981, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V91, P43 Conners C.K., 1990, CONNERS RATING SCALE CONNERS CK, 1975, RECENT ADV CHILD PSY, P64 GADOW K D, 1990, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V16, P323 GADOW KD, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P291 GELLER B, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P388 HAGERMAN RJ, 1988, AM J MED GENET, V30, P377, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320300138 HANDEN BL, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P922 HANDEN BL, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P1185, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199410000-00014 HANDEN BL, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P241, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00012 HANDEN BL, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P455, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199205000-00011 HANDEN BL, 1995, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V7, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02684955 HANDEN BL, IN PRESS J ABNORM CH HELSEL WJ, 1989, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V2, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01098951 House B. J., 1963, HDB MENTAL DEFICIENC JOHNSON CR, 1994, BEHAV MODIF, V18, P470, DOI 10.1177/01454455940184005 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 PLAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V28, P761 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P283, DOI 10.1007/BF02179289 REALMUTO GM, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V9, P122, DOI 10.1097/00004714-198904000-00009 SCHELL RM, 1986, BEHAV ASSESS, V8, P373 SCHLEIFER M, 1975, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V45, P38 SCHMIDT K, 1982, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V3, P244, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198212000-00014 SOKOL MS, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P428 SPORN A, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P997 STRAYHORN JM, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P244, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00019 ULLMAN DG, 1974, AM J MENT DEF, V78, P640 VARLEY CK, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V86, P560 VITRIOL C, 1981, AM J PSYCHIAT, V138, P1517 VOLKMAR FR, 1985, CLIN PEDIATR, V24, P127, DOI 10.1177/000992288502400301 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 347 EP 365 DI 10.1007/BF02578400 PG 19 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA VV027 UT WOS:A1996VV02700005 ER PT J AU Swiezy, NB Summers, J AF Swiezy, NB Summers, J TI Parents' perceptions of the use of medication with children who are autistic SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE parents' perceptions; medication; children with autism; pharmacological treatment decisions ID PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION; TEACHER PERCEPTIONS; DRUG-USE; STUDENTS AB We investigated parents' perceptions of the use of medication with their children who have been diagnosed with PDD/autism. Seven children referred to an outpatient behavior management clinic for children with developmental disabilities and who were currently receiving medication for behavior problems were included in the study. Perceptions were measured using a 15-item likert-type rating scale addressing general changes in the child's behavioral and physical symptomatology, parent's perceived input into pharmacological treatment decisions, and other issues pertaining to the use of medication with their child. The results of this study indicate that the parents generally felt comfortable with the concept of using medication as a treatment intervention with their children. However, these parents also held generally unfavorable attitudes regarding the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment for their children's behavior problems. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CHEDOKE MCMASTERS HOSP,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. RP Swiezy, NB (reprint author), KENNEDY KRIEGER INST,707 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. CR AMAN MG, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P449, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90025-4 BAUMEISTER AA, 1990, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V14, P253, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80036-3 EPSTEIN MH, 1991, J LEARN DISABIL, V24, P477 MARTIN JE, 1985, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V6, P33, DOI 10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80020-5 RENDE RD, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P627, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00339.x SINGH NN, 1994, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V6, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF02579353 SINGH NN, 1990, J SPEC EDUC, V24, P283 WEBSTERSTRATTON C, 1990, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V19, P302, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_2 ZAHARIA ES, 1991, MENT RETARD, V29, P191 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1007/BF02578404 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA VV027 UT WOS:A1996VV02700009 ER PT J AU Kokubun, M Haishi, K Okuzumi, H Hosobuchi, T Koike, T AF Kokubun, M Haishi, K Okuzumi, H Hosobuchi, T Koike, T TI Predictive value of age of walking for later motor performance in children with mental retardation SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The purpose of the present study was to clarify the predictive value of age of walking for later motor performance in children with mental retardation. While paying due attention to other factors, our investigation focused on the relationship between a subject's age of walking, and his or her subsequent beam-walking performance. The subjects were 85 children with mental retardation with an average age of 13 years and 3 months. Beam-walking performance was measured by a procedure developed by the authors. Five low beams (5 cm) which varied in width (12.5, 10, 7.5, 5 and 2.5 cm) were employed. The performance of subjects was scored from zero to five points according to the width of the beam that they were able to walk without falling off. From the results of multiple regression analysis, three independent variables were found to be significantly related to beam-walking performance. The age of walking was the most basic variable: partial correlation coefficient (PCC) = -45; standardized partial regression coefficient (SPRC) = -0.41. The next variable in importance was walking duration (PCC = 0.38; SPRC = 0.31). The autism variable also contributed significantly (PCC = 0.28; SPRC = 0.22). Therefore, within the age range used in the present study, the age of walking in children with mental retardation was thought to have sufficient predictive value, even when the variables which might have possibly affected their subsequent performance were taken into consideration; the earlier the age of walking, the better the beam-walking performance. C1 TOKYO METROPOLITAN INST GERONTOL,KINESIOL SECT,TOKYO,JAPAN. SAITAMA UNIV,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,URAWA,SAITAMA 338,JAPAN. TOKYO GAKUGEI UNIV,LAB PHYSIOL PSYCHOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP Kokubun, M (reprint author), KANAZAWA UNIV,FAC EDUC,DEPT SPECIAL EDUC,KAKUMA MACHI,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA 920,JAPAN. CR ARIMA M, 1979, JAPANESE HDB MODER A, V16, P187 DONOGHUE E C, 1970, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V12, P781 DONOGHUE EC, 1967, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V9, P64 ENJOJI M, 1977, ENJOJI ANAL DEV SCHE HALLETT M, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1304 Heath SR, 1942, AM J PSYCHOL, V55, P240 HEATH SR, 1949, MOTOR SKILLS RES EXC, V1, P34 HREIDARSSON SJ, 1983, CLIN PEDIATR, V22, P248, DOI 10.1177/000992288302200402 ILLINGWO.RS, 1968, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V15, P569 KAMINER RK, 1983, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V73, P1094, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.73.9.1094 KOKUBUN M, 1991, JAPANESE J ED PSYCHO, V39, P163 KOKUBUN M, 1995, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V80, P547 KOKUBUN M, 1990, ANN REPORTS FACULTY, V38, P167 MOLNAR GE, 1978, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P213 Pasamanick B., 1974, GESELL AMATRUDAS DEV SEASHORE HG, 1947, RES QUART, V28, P246 SEGAWA M, 1991, NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASI, P317 SHAPIRO BK, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P369 TUMORI M, 1961, MENTAL DEV TEST INFA VILENSKY JA, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P646 Wallin J. E. Wallace, 1949, CHILDREN MENTAL PHYS NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 40 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00663.x PN 6 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA VZ497 UT WOS:A1996VZ49700005 PM 9004113 ER PT J AU Bell, WS AF Bell, WS TI Dissecting the living brain: Applications for neuroimaging in the decade of the brain SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTISM RP Bell, WS (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP, MED CTR, DEPT RADIOL, CINCINNATI, OH 45229 USA. CR BENTSON J, 1978, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V2, P16, DOI 10.1097/00004728-197801000-00003 CASTELLANOS FX, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1791 COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P203 DHAWAN AP, 1996, P 18 ANN INT C I EL Golden NH, 1996, J PEDIATR-US, V128, P296, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70414-6 Hagman Jennifer O., 1992, V10, P285 Katzman DK, 1996, J PEDIATR-US, V129, P794, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70021-5 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 129 IS 6 BP 779 EP 781 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VY343 UT WOS:A1996VY34300001 ER PT J AU Amos, P Donnellan, AM AF Amos, P Donnellan, AM TI Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Book Review RP Amos, P (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. CR KOEGEL RL, 1996, TEACHING CHILDREN AU Leary MR, 1996, MENT RETARD, V34, P39 LOCKMAN JJ, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P953, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04181.x MAURER R, 1995, NAT I HLTH C AUT STA THELEN E, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P79, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.2.79 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 6 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA VY462 UT WOS:A1996VY46200008 ER PT J AU Gordon, I AF Gordon, I TI Cerebral blood flow imaging in paediatrics: A review SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TC-99M HMPAO SPECT; BRAIN SPECT; TECHNETIUM-99M-HMPAO; MIGRAINE; CHILDREN; DEATH; PALSY AB The ability to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is available in many institutions, especially with the spread of multi-headed gamma cameras. The use of this technique in paediatrics requires special attention to detail in the manner of data acquisition and handling the child. The interpretation of the rCBF study in a child requires knowledge of normal brain maturation. The major clinical use in paediatrics is epilepsy because of the advances in surgery and the frequency of complex partial seizures. Other indications in paediatric neurology include brain death, acute neurological loss including stroke, language disorders, cerebral palsy, hypertension due to renovascular disease, traumatic brain injury and migraine. There are paediatric psychological conditions in which rCBF assessment has been undertaken, including anorexia nervosa, autism, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) and attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity (ADHD). This article attempts to review all aspects of rCBF studies in paediatrics. RP Gordon, I (reprint author), GREAT ORMOND ST HOSP CHILDREN,GREAT ORMOND ST,LONDON WC1N 3JH,ENGLAND. CR Adelstein W, 1994, J Neurosci Nurs, V26, P118 *AM INT, AM INT PLC PACK INS BATTISTELLA PA, 1990, HEADACHE, V30, P646, DOI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1990.hed3010646.x CROSS JH, IN PRESS J NEUROL NE CROSS JH, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P673 CROSS JH, UNPUB FOCAL CEREBRAL DELARIVA A, 1992, BRIT J RADIOL, V65, P289 DENAYS R, 1992, J NUCL MED, V33, P485 DENAYS R, 1993, J NUCL MED, V34, P1223 DENAYS R, 1989, J NUCL MED, V30, P1825 DENAYS R, 1990, RADIOLOGY, V175, P111 GEORGE MS, 1992, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V45, P143, DOI 10.1016/0925-4927(92)90022-V GORDON I, IN PRESS INT J EATIN GORDON I, 1996, BRIT J RADIOL, V66, P971 Goshen E, 1996, NUCL MED COMMUN, V17, P418, DOI 10.1097/00006231-199605000-00011 MAINI CL, 1990, NUKLEARMED-NUCL MED, V29, P210 MOUNTZ JM, 1995, J NUCL MED, V36, P1156 Muttini P, 1994, J Nucl Biol Med, V38, P14 OLESEN J, 1990, ANN NEUROL, V28, P791, DOI 10.1002/ana.410280610 OTUAMA LA, 1993, SEMIN NUCL MED, V23, P255, DOI 10.1016/S0001-2998(05)80106-0 PELLETIER G, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P297, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199503000-00013 PINTON F, 1995, P 2 EUR S PAED NUCL RUBINSTEIN M, 1989, J NUCL MED, V30, P1982 SPIETH ME, 1994, CLIN NUCL MED, V19, P867, DOI 10.1097/00003072-199410000-00005 Spina A, 1992, Acta Neurol (Napoli), V14, P10 VALENZUELA H, 1995, P 2 EUR S PAED NUCL VESTERGREN E, P 5 INT C RAD DOS NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0143-3636 J9 NUCL MED COMMUN JI Nucl. Med. Commun. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1021 EP 1029 DI 10.1097/00006231-199612000-00004 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WB132 UT WOS:A1996WB13200004 PM 9004297 ER PT J AU Adams, J AF Adams, J TI Similarities in genetic mental retardation and neuroteratogenic syndromes SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE isotretinoin; retinoid teratogenesis; Williams syndrome; hindbrain abnormalities; mental retardation; neurobehavioral teratology; fragile X syndrome ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT; VITAMIN-A; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; TARGETED DISRUPTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BINDING PROTEINS; POSTERIOR-FOSSA AB Principles and mechanisms of neurobehavioral teratogenesis are used to show commonalities between manifestations of abnormal development consequent to generic abnormality or teratogenic exposure. A comparison and contrast of both the neuropathological and neuropsychological characteristics of children with early embryonic exposure to isotretinoin (Accutane) or with selected mental retardation syndromes is presented. Putative mechanisms of retinoid teratogenesis through the disruption of normal retinoid-triggered embryogenesis and the alteration of homeobox gene expression are discussed. Interference with homeobox gene expression as an avenue to the perturbation of early developmental processes and the production of hindbrain and craniofacial abnormalities is then proposed as a common basis for the translation and expression of several genetic mental retardation syndromes. Finally, dose-response effects and other modulators of vulnerability to abnormal development are used to provide a conceptual framework for the understanding of variability in the expression of genetically caused abnormalities. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Adams, J (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT PSYCHOL, 100 MORRISSEY BLVD, BOSTON, MA 02125 USA. CR ADAMS J, 1993, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V15, P193, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90015-G ADAMS J, 1991, TERATOLOGY, V43, P497 ADAMS J, 1991, FUNCTIONAL NEUROTERATOLOGY OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO DRUGS - CORRELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURAL OR BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL ENDPOINTS, P159 ADAMS J, 1995, NEUROTOX TER, V17, P386, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(95)93394-F AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BALLING R, 1989, CELL, V58, P337, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90848-9 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 CHISAKA O, 1991, NATURE, V350, P473, DOI 10.1038/350473a0 CHISAKA O, 1992, NATURE, V355, P516, DOI 10.1038/355516a0 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 DENCKER L, 1991, J CRAN GENET DEV BIO, V11, P303 DURSTON AJ, 1989, NATURE, V340, P140, DOI 10.1038/340140a0 FREUND LS, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P542, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380409 Gilbert S.F., 1994, DEV BIOL, V4th GUSTAFSON AL, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V117, P451 Hagerman R. J, 1996, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P3 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HAGERMAN RJ, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P395 HAGERMAN RJ, IN PRESS NEURODEVELO HAGERMAN RJ, 1984, AM J MED GENET, V17, P123, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320170107 HAGERMAN RJ, 1995, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V1, P276, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1410010408 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HOLLAND P, 1992, BIOESSAYS, V14, P267, DOI 10.1002/bies.950140412 HOLROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(91)91291-X Jernigan T. L., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P23 JERNIGAN TL, 1990, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V47, P529 KEMPER TL, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P43 KLEIMAN MD, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P753 KLUG S, 1989, ARCH TOXICOL, V63, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF00316367 KOCHHAR DM, 1967, ACTA PATHOL MIC SC, V70, P398 KOCHHAR DM, 1988, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V96, P429, DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(88)90003-8 KOCHHAR DM, 1984, TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT, V4, P377, DOI 10.1002/tcm.1770040407 KOCHHAR DM, 1987, TERATOLOGY, V36, P67, DOI 10.1002/tera.1420360110 KRAFT JC, 1989, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V100, P162 KRAFT JC, 1987, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V87, P474, DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90253-5 KURATANI S, 1990, AM J ANAT, V187, P65, DOI 10.1002/aja.1001870108 KURATANI SC, 1993, DEVELOPMENT, V117, P105 Lammer E. J., 1992, RETINOIDS NORMAL DEV, P281 LAMMER EJ, 1985, NEW ENGL J MED, V313, P837, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198510033131401 LAMMER E J, 1988, American Journal of Human Genetics, V43, pA58 LONAI P, 1990, FASEB J, V4, P1436 LUMSDEN A, 1990, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V13, P329, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90144-Y Lumsden A.G.S., 1990, Seminars in Developmental Biology, V1, P117 MADDEN M, 1990, DEVELOPMENT, V109, P75 MAZZOCCO M, IN PRESS NEURODEVELO MERVIS C, IN PRESS CONTRIBUTIO MIEZEJESKI CM, 1986, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V24, P405, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(86)90026-6 MORRISSKAY G, 1993, BIOESSAYS, V15, P9, DOI 10.1002/bies.950150103 NADEL L, IN PRESS NEURODEVELO NODEN DM, 1991, BRAIN BEHAV EVOLUT, V38, P190, DOI 10.1159/000114388 NOLEN GA, 1986, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V8, P643 PAPALOPULU N, 1995, PERSPECT DEV NEUROBI, V3, P39 Pennington B. F., 1991, DIAGNOSING LEARNING PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PRATT RM, 1987, J CRAN GENET DEV BIO, V7, P205 REISS AL, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P159, DOI 10.1038/nm0295-159 REISS AL, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P26, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290107 RITVO ER, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P862 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 RODIER PM, IN PRESS MRDD RES RE RODIER PM, IN PRESS REPOROD TOX ROUSSEAU F, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P225 ROVET J, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P779, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/19.6.779 STROMLAND K, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P351 THOROGOOD P, 1992, BRIT DENT J, V173, P301, DOI 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808029 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H Vorhees C. V., 1986, HDB BEHAV TERATOLOGY, P23 VORHEES CV, 1978, TERATOLOGY, V17, P271, DOI 10.1002/tera.1420170305 VORHEES CV, 1974, TERATOLOGY, V10, P269, DOI 10.1002/tera.1420100309 Willhite C C, 1986, J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl, V2, P193 WOLF G, 1990, J NUTR BIOCHEM, V1, P284, DOI 10.1016/0955-2863(90)90061-O WOLF G, 1991, NUTR REV, V49, P1 NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 55 IS 4 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00284-5 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VZ814 UT WOS:A1996VZ81400027 PM 8981600 ER PT J AU Jurado, MA Verger, K AF Jurado, MA Verger, K TI Frontal lobes functioning in childhood SO PSICOLOGIA CONDUCTUAL LA Spanish DT Article DE frontal lobes; children; neuropsychology ID CARD SORTING TEST; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; INFANTILE-AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; HYPERACTIVITY; ABNORMALITIES; CONSEQUENCES; DISABILITIES AB The present article is a review of the main studies focused on the frontal lobes functioning and the consequences derived from the lesion of this area in childhood. Human cerebral development involves the creation of connexions between the frontal lobe and the rest of the cortex, and the progressive mielination of fibres. These processes are related to the maturation of frontal functions as planning, flexibility and selfmonitoring, and to the improvement in the performance of frontal functioning tasks, i.e. Wisconsin Card Sorting, 20 questions or Tower of Hanoi tests. In the neuropsychological literature, frontal lesions in childhood have been approached mainly as case studies. The main symptoms related to this type of lesions are socialization problems, lack of concern, impulsivity, intolerance to frustration, agressivity, and social disturbances as delictive behaviors. The functional distinction between orbital and dorsolateral systems is not clear because these symptoms are present together with cognitive disorders as attentional, planning, and generation deficits. Early lesions can lead to behavioral disorders delayed in time starting even years after the lesion. The frontal system seems to be essential to acquire socially adapted behavioral skills. RP Jurado, MA (reprint author), UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT PSIQUIT & PSICOBIOL CLIN,PASSEIG DE LA VALL DHEBRON 171,BARCELONA 08035,SPAIN. RI JURADO, MARIA ANGELES/E-1745-2011 OI JURADO, MARIA ANGELES/0000-0002-9403-1670 CR BARKLEY RA, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00916547 BECKER MG, 1987, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V3, P275 BENTON A, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P275 Blumer D, 1975, PSYCHIAT ASPECTS NEU BOONE KB, 1988, NEUROLOGY, V38, P583 CASE R, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P51, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90061-P CHELUNE GJ, 1986, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V8, P219, DOI 10.1080/01688638608401314 CHELUNE GJ, 1987, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V3, P81 COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 DAWSON G, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P152, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90066-U DIAMOND A, 1989, EXP BRAIN RES, V74, P24 ESLINGER P, 1984, SEMIN NEUROL, V4, P385, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1041568 ESLINGER PJ, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P764 FIDUCIA D, 1990, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V6, P85 Fuster J., 1989, PREFRONTAL CORTEX GNYS JA, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P487 GORENSTEIN EE, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V45, P619, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198907)45:4<619::AID-JCLP2270450419>3.0.CO;2-M GRATTAN LM, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P283 GRATTAN LM, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P185, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90068-W HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P252 Junque C, 1994, NEUROPSICOLOGIA KACZMAREK BLJ, 1987, FRONTAL LOBES REVISI KELLY MS, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V11, P275, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90022-5 LEVIN HS, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P377 MARLOWE W, 1989, J CLIN EXPT NEUROPSY, V12, P105 MARLOWE WB, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P205, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90070-3 MATEER CA, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P359 MITTELMEIER C, 1989, INT J CLIN NEUROPSYC, V11, P163 Passler MA, 1985, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V1, P349, DOI 10.1080/87565648509540320 PRICE BH, 1990, BRAIN, V113, P1383, DOI 10.1093/brain/113.5.1383 REZAI K, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P636 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUMSEY JM, 1987, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V44, P1144 SANCHEZ CG, 1992, REV LOGOPEDIA FONIAT, V12, P223 SEGALOWITZ SJ, 1992, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P279 SHUE KL, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P104, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90064-S SHUTE GE, 1990, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V6, P1 STUSS DT, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P8, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90059-U THATCHER RW, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P397 THATCHER RW, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P24, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90060-Y WELSH MC, 1988, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P199 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ASOCIACION ESPANOLA PSICOLOGIA CONDUCTUAL PI GRANADA PA APARTADO POSTAL 3061, 18080 GRANADA, SPAIN SN 1132-9483 J9 PSICOL CONDUCT JI Psicol. Conduct. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 4 IS 3 BP 323 EP 336 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA WB127 UT WOS:A1996WB12700003 ER PT J AU Williams, T AF Williams, T TI Mind blindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. RP Williams, T (reprint author), W BERKSHIRE PRIOR CARE SERV NHS TRUST,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. RI Williams, Timothy/D-3512-2011 OI Williams, Timothy/0000-0003-0072-3316 CR Baron-Cohen S., 1995, MIND BLINDNESS ESSAY DEROECK A, 1995, THESIS U INSTELLING NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD DEC PY 1996 VL 9 IS 12 BP 560 EP 561 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VX253 UT WOS:A1996VX25300030 ER PT J AU Kohler, F Hoyson, M AF Kohler, F Hoyson, M TI Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Book Review RP Kohler, F (reprint author), ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST,320 E N AVE,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212, USA. CR Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 BRICKNER D, 1992, ACTIVITY BASED APPRO HART C, 1993, PARENTS GUIDE AUTISM Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU POWERS MD, 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 SN 0271-1214 J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 4 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA WA722 UT WOS:A1996WA72200007 ER PT J AU SussBurghart, H AF SussBurghart, H TI 'Ideot savant' without autism: The development of a mentally retarded child with a special talent from 8 months to 8 years of life SO VERHALTENSTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE 'Idiot savant'; mental retardation ID IDIOT-SAVANT; PERFORMANCE; ARTISTS AB The development of a mentally retarded boy due to premature birth as well as perinatal and/or postnatal damage is described from the 8th month to the 8th year of life. At his first visit, a infantile cerebral palsy, BNS-seizures, a partial visual field deficit as well as a psychomotoric developmental retardation was diagnosed. After the 2nd year of life, his verbal capacities developed significantly better than nonverbal abilities although the visual field deficit was compensated. The active lingual abilities were above the abilities of understanding language, his speech sounded echolalic and stereotype. At the age of 7;11 years, a 'genius ability' was diagnosed; the child was able to memorize very well some verbal contents and could recite the Old as well the New Testament by heart. The results of psychometric tests showed high-lights of abilities in forming words and in the acoustic memory which were far above the other capacities presumably are a necessary precondition for training the 'Genius ability', but are not enough as a sole explanation. Additional causes like confined specific interests, an intensive furtherance by the parents as well as reinforcement conditions are presumed. RP SussBurghart, H (reprint author), KINDERZENTRUMS MUNCHEN,PSYCHOL KLIN,HEIGLHOFSTR 63,D-81377 MUNICH,GERMANY. CR ANGERMEIER M, 1977, PSYCHOLINGUISTISCHER BERKSON G, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P137 Elliot C. D., 1983, BRIT ABILITY SCALES Fein D. B., 1988, EXCEPTIONAL BRAIN, P325 GIPPER H, 1986, KINDER WEG SPRACHE Grimm H., 1991, HEIDELBERGER SPRACHE HERMELIN B, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P673 HERMELIN B, 1991, PSYCHOL MED, V21, P959 HILL AL, 1977, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V44, P161 Klee T., 1985, CHILD LANGUAGE TEACH, V1, P182, DOI 10.1177/026565908500100206 Kohler G, 1984, MUNCHENER FUNKTIONEL MELCHERS P, 1991, DEUTSCHSPRACHIGE FAS Miller J.F., 1981, ASSESSING LANGUAGE P Miller L., 1989, MUSICAL SAVANTS EXCE OCONNOR N, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P1 OCONNOR N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P501, DOI 10.1007/BF02172131 OCONNOR N, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01562.x OCONNOR N, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P907, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01964.x PRING L, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02096.x PRING L, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1065, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01351.x SCHAMBERGER R, 1978, MUNCHENER FUNKTIONEL, V1 SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SUSSBURGHART H, 1992, SPRACHE-STIMME-GEHOR, V16, P108 SUSSBURGHART H, 1991, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V19, P158 Tewes U., 1983, HAMBURG WECHSLER INT Treffert D. A., 1989, EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE VOJTA V, 1981, ZEREBRALEN BEWEGUNGS, P147 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1016-6262 J9 VERHALTENSTHERAPIE JI Verhaltenstherapie PD DEC PY 1996 VL 6 IS 4 BP 234 EP 242 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA WE630 UT WOS:A1996WE63000004 ER PT J AU Poustka, F AF Poustka, F TI Autism - A guide for parents, guardians, teachers and therapists - German - Rollett,B, Kastnerkoller,U SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Book Review CR ROLLETT B, 1994, PRAXISBUCH AUTISMUS NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-6811 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 BP 294 EP 295 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VX534 UT WOS:A1996VX53400011 ER PT J AU Poustka, F AF Poustka, F TI Mental retardation and autism - Advice and assistance for caregivers and therapists - German - Kehrer,HE SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Book Review CR KEHRER HE, 1995, GEISTIGE BEHINDERUNG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-6811 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VX534 UT WOS:A1996VX53400012 ER PT J AU McBride, PA Anderson, GM Shapiro, T AF McBride, PA Anderson, GM Shapiro, T TI Autism research - Bringing together approaches to pull apart the disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; FENFLURAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; HYPOTHESIS; RECEPTORS; BEHAVIOR; EFFICACY; ADULTS C1 YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT. RP McBride, PA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,DEPT PSYCHIAT,525 E 68TH ST,BOX 147,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. CR ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P6237 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x CAMPBELL M, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P434, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00010 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 CHESSELET MF, 1984, NEUROSCIENCE, V12, P347, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90058-7 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 CLONINGER CR, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P83, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540202 COHEN DJ, 1993, ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT, V30, P15 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 COURCHESNE E, 1995, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, P195 DENCKLA MB, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P221, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60229-6 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GRIGORENKO EL, IN PRESS AM J HUM GE GUALTIERI CT, 1986, J PEDIATR-US, V108, P417, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(86)80884-8 Hallmayer J, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P985 HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEVENTHAL BL, 1993, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V5, P307 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 MOISEIWITSCH JRD, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P7182, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7182 OADES RD, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P159 PERRY R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P87, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00016 RICAURTE GA, 1991, LANCET, V338, P1487, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92301-H ROSENTHA.D, 1971, AM J PSYCHIAT, V128, P307 SAXENA PR, 1995, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V66, P339, DOI 10.1016/0163-7258(94)00005-N SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 STERN LM, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P569, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00798.x SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 TUINIER S, 1995, EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM, V5, P135, DOI 10.1016/0924-977X(95)00013-F VANPRAAG HM, 1993, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V28, P197, DOI 10.1159/000119024 WHITAKERAZMITIA PM, 1990, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY SE, P418 WHITAKERAZMITIA PM, 1994, PERSPECT DEV NEUROBI, V2, P233 WING L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P256, DOI 10.1007/BF01557347 YOUNG SN, 1991, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V69, P893 ZOLI M, 1993, MOL NEUROBIOL, V7, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF02769180 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1996 VL 53 IS 11 BP 980 EP 983 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VR822 UT WOS:A1996VR82200001 PM 8911220 ER PT J AU Hallmayer, J Hebert, JM Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Lin, AA CavalliSforza, LL Risch, N Ciaranello, RD AF Hallmayer, J Hebert, JM Spiker, D Lotspeich, L McMahon, WM Petersen, PB Nicholas, P Pingree, C Lin, AA CavalliSforza, LL Risch, N Ciaranello, RD TI Autism and the X chromosome - Multipoint sib-pair analysis SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MULTIPLEX FAMILIES; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; TWIN; GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Background: Genetic factors undoubtedly play a major etiologic role in autism, but how it is inherited remains unanswered. The increased incidence in males suggests possible involvement of the X chromosome. Methods: Using data from 38 multiplex families with autism (2 or more autistic siblings), we performed a multipoint sib-pair linkage analysis between autism and 35 microsatellite markers located on the X chromosome. The model included a single parameter, the risk ratio lambda(XS) (ie, ratio of risk to siblings compared with the population prevalence), owing to an X-linked gene. Different lambda(XS) values were assumed and regions of exclusion were established. Results: The entire X chromosome could be excluded for a lambda(XS) value of 4. The ability to exclude an X-linked gene decreased with smaller lambda(XS) values, and some positive evidence was obtained with smaller values. A maximum lod score of 1.24 was obtained at locus DXS424 with a lambda(XS) value of 1.5. Conclusions: We were able to exclude any moderate to strong gene effect causing autism on the X chromosome. Smaller gene effects (lambda(XS)<4) could not be excluded, in particular, a gene of small effect located between DXS453 and DXS1001. C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STANFORD AUTISM GENET PROGRAM,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,NANCY PRITZKER LAB DEV & MOL NEUROBIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GENET,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV UTAH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. CHILDRENS BEHAV THERAPY UNIT,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,STANFORD AUTISM GENET PROGRAM,STANFORD,CA 94305. CR BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x FAIN PR, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P261, DOI 10.1038/ng0395-261 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x GOLD N, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01066424 GURLING H, 1986, PSYCHIAT DEV, V4, P289 Hallmayer J, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V67, P13, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960216)67:1<13::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-T HALLMAYER J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P951 Hauser ER, 1996, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V13, P117, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2272(1996)13:2<117::AID-GEPI1>3.0.CO;2-5 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01538320 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 OLSON JM, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V56, P788 PIVEN J, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P783 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 RISCH N, 1987, AM J HUM GENET, V40, P1 RISCH N, 1990, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V7, P3, DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370070103 RISCH N, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, pA185 RISCH N, 1990, AM J HUM GENET, V46, P229 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P64 SCHWAB SG, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P325, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-325 SMALLEY SL, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V1, P125 SPENCE MA, 1985, BEHAV GENET, V15, P1 SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x TSAI L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01531682 World Health Organization, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS NR 30 TC 62 Z9 62 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1996 VL 53 IS 11 BP 985 EP 989 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VR822 UT WOS:A1996VR82200002 PM 8911221 ER PT J AU McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Aghajanian, GK Heninger, GR Price, LH AF McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Aghajanian, GK Heninger, GR Price, LH TI Effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free adults with autistic disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN; BLOOD SEROTONIN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ELECTRIC-SHOCK; NORMAL MALES; WHOLE-BLOOD AB Background: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the behavioral and biochemical responses to acute tryptophan depletion in drug-free adult patients with autistic disorder. Methods: Twenty drug-free adults with autistic disorder (16 men and 4 women) (mean [+/-SD] age, 30.5+/-8.5 years) underwent short-term tryptophan depletion in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design. Patients received a 24-hour, low-tryptophan diet followed the next morning by an amino acid drink. Behavioral ratings were obtained on the morning of the amino acid drink (baseline) and 180, 300, and 420 minutes after the drink. Plasma free and total tryptophan levels were obtained at baseline and 5 hours after the drink. The active and sham testing sessions were separated by 7 days. Results: Eleven (65%) of the 17 patients who completed both test days showed a significant global worsening of behavioral symptoms with short-term tryptophan depletion, but none of the 17 patients showed any significant change in clinical status from baseline after sham depletion (P=.001). Tryptophan depletion led to a significant increase in behaviors such as whirling, flapping, pacing, banging and hitting self, rocking, and toe walking (P<.05). In addition, patients were significantly less calm and happy and more anxious. No significant change was observed in social relatedness or repetitive thoughts and behavior. Plasma total and free tryptophan levels were reduced 86% and 69%, respectively, 5 hours after the tryptophan-deficient amino acid drink. Patients who had a significant global exacerbation of symptoms had significantly higher baseline plasma total tryptophan levels (P<.001) and Autism Behavior Checklist scores (P=.005) than did patients who showed no significant change in symptoms after tryptophan depletion. Conclusions: The results of this study are consistent with previous research that has implicated a dysregulation in serotonin function in some patients with autism. These data suggest that the short-term reduction of serotonin precursor availability may exacerbate some symptoms characteristic of autism in some patients. Continued investigation into the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis and treatment of autistic disorder is warranted. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT. RP McDougle, CJ (reprint author), CONNECTICUT MENTAL HLTH CTR,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,ABRAHAM RIBICOFF RES FACIL,34 PK ST,ROOM 333B,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x ANDERSON GM, 1981, CLIN CHEM, V27, P775 BARR LC, IN PRESS BIOL PSYCHI BARR LC, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P309 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x CHASE TN, 1975, POSTGRAD MED J, V51, P105 COHEN DJ, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P845 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 CURZON G, 1981, SEROTONIN CURRENT AS, P207 DELGADO PL, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P865 DELGADO PL, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P411 DUKER PC, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF02207332 EKMAN G, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P511, DOI 10.1007/BF02212855 FERNSTROM JD, 1977, METABOLISM, V26, P207, DOI 10.1016/0026-0495(77)90057-9 FERNSTROM JD, 1975, LIFE SCI, V17, P455, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(75)90498-1 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GAL EM, 1962, P SOC EXP BIOL MED, V110, P368 GARBER HJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1157, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00027 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V30, P3 GIBBONS JL, 1979, BRAIN RES, V169, P139, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90380-9 GODDARD AW, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P775, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90091-4 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P36 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GUY W, 1976, 76338 US DEP HLTH ED HAMDANALLEN G, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF02206999 HANLEY HG, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P521 HARPER AE, 1970, PHYSIOL REV, V50, P428 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 INSEL TR, 1985, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V20, P1174, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90176-3 KELTEY LA, 1993, AM PSYC ASS 146 ANN KRUESI MJ, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V74, P419 KRUESI MJP, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P429 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LYTLE LD, 1975, SCIENCE, V190, P692, DOI 10.1126/science.810890 MARKOWITZ PI, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P27 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P1001 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P547, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90011-2 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 MEHLMAN PT, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P907 MESSING RB, 1976, LIFE SCI, V18, P707, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(76)90182-X MOIR ATB, 1968, J NEUROCHEM, V15, P1093, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb06827.x MOJA EA, 1989, LIFE SCI, V44, P971, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90497-9 NARAYAN M, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P630, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90102-J RALEIGH MJ, 1980, EXP NEUROL, V68, P322, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(80)90089-8 ROSE WC, 1954, J BIOL CHEM, V206, P421 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SCHUSTER CR, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P148 SHERMAN J, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P533, DOI 10.1007/BF02212856 SMITH SE, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V91, P451, DOI 10.1007/BF00216010 TODD RD, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1089 Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 VOLKMAR FR, 1983, NEW ENGL J MED, V309, P187 WALTERS JK, 1979, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V62, P103, DOI 10.1007/BF00427121 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL World Health Organization, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS YOUNG SN, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V87, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF00431803 YOUNG SN, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V98, P508, DOI 10.1007/BF00441950 NR 66 TC 144 Z9 146 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1996 VL 53 IS 11 BP 993 EP 1000 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VR822 UT WOS:A1996VR82200003 PM 8911222 ER PT J AU McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Volkmar, FR Heninger, GR Price, LH AF McDougle, CJ Naylor, ST Cohen, DJ Volkmar, FR Heninger, GR Price, LH TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine in adults with autistic disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; FLUID 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; BLOOD SEROTONIN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; FLUOXETINE AB Background: Autistic disorder is characterized by a fundamental disturbance in social interaction, impairments in communication, and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. Abnormalities in the serotonin neurotransmitter system have been identified in some persons with autism. No consistently effective and safe drugs have been developed for treating the symptoms of autism. Methods: Thirty adults with autistic disorder completed a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the potent and selective serotonin uptake inhibitor fluvoxamine maleate. Behavioral ratings were obtained at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Eight (53%) of 15 patients in the fluvoxamine-treated group were categorized as responders compared with none of 15 in the placebo group (P=.001). Fluvoxamine was superior to placebo in reducing repetitive thoughts and behavior (P<.001), maladaptive behavior (P<.001), and aggression (P<.03), and in improving some aspects of social relatedness (P<.04), especially language usage (P<.008). Treatment response was not correlated with age, level of autistic behavior, or full-scale IQ. Other than mild sedation and nausea in a few patients, fluvoxamine was well tolerated. No dyskinesias, adverse cardiovascular events, or seizures occurred. Conclusions: Fluvoxamine is more effective than placebo in the short-term treatment of the symptoms of autistic disorder in adults. Controlled studies of fluvoxamine and other potent and selective serotonin uptake inhibitors seem warranted in children and adolescents with autism. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR CHILD STUDY,NEW HAVEN,CT. RP McDougle, CJ (reprint author), CONNECTICUT MENTAL HLTH CTR,CLIN NEUROSCI RES UNIT,ABRAHAM RIBICOFF RES FACIL,34 PK ST,ROOM 333B,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 BRAMMER GL, 1984, AM J PRIMATOL, V6, P400 BROWN GL, 1979, PSYCHIAT RES, V1, P131, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(79)90053-2 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P434, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00010 CAMPBELL M, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P200, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00009 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00684.x CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024 COHEN DJ, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P845 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 COOK EH, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P67, DOI 10.1007/BF01066419 DUKER PC, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF02207332 EKMAN G, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P511, DOI 10.1007/BF02212855 FREEMAN BJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P130, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60610-5 GARBER HJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1157, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00027 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V30, P3 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P36 GOODMAN WK, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P577 GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1006 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 GUY W, 1976, 76338 US DEP HLTH ED HAMDANALLEN G, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF02206999 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KELLEY LA, 1993, AM PSYCH ASS 146 ANN KRUESI MJP, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P419 KRUESI MJP, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P429 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leiter R. G., 1948, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LINNOILA M, 1983, LIFE SCI, V33, P2609, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90344-2 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MARKOWITZ PI, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P27 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P71 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 McDougle CJ, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P993 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 MEHLMAN PT, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1485 NARAYAN M, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P630, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90102-J RALEIGH MJ, 1980, EXP NEUROL, V68, P322, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(80)90089-8 Rapin Isabelle, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P1 RIDDLE MA, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P792, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00013 RUBENSTEIN JLR, 1990, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V13, P1 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SCHUSTER CR, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P148 SHERMAN J, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P533, DOI 10.1007/BF02212856 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TODD RD, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.2.612 TODD RD, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1089 VANHARTEN J, 1993, CLIN PHARMACOKINET, V24, P203, DOI 10.2165/00003088-199324030-00003 Volkmar F., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P41 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WILLEMSENSWINKELS SHN, 1995, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V52, P766 WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT World Health Organization, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS YUWILER A, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01046401 NR 64 TC 305 Z9 310 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1996 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1001 EP 1008 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VR822 UT WOS:A1996VR82200004 PM 8911223 ER PT J AU Mottron, L Decarie, JC Mineau, S Aroichane, M Pepin, JP Labreque, R Jambaque, I AF Mottron, L Decarie, JC Mineau, S Aroichane, M Pepin, JP Labreque, R Jambaque, I TI Overlapping between symptoms of autism and visual agnosia: A case study SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TENNET VII - Theoretical and Experimental Neuropsychology CY AUG 14-16, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA HO UNIV QUEBEC MONTREAL AB The interpretation of visual symptoms of autism (gaze avoidance, deficiency in interpretation of non-verbal markers for emotions) as a form of prosopagnosia has received some support in the literature. We present here the/a first case of developmental aperceptive agnosia associated to/with autism syndrome in a child. Neuropsychological assessment revealed that I.E. could not process any visual forms more complex than simple geometric figures or face parts. The MRI revealed a severe encephalomalacia of autism. C1 HOP ST JUSTINE,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1C5,CANADA. HOP NOTRE DAME DE BON SECOURS,MONTREAL,PQ H2L 4K8,CANADA. HOP ST VINCENT DE PAUL,F-75674 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Mottron, L (reprint author), HOP RIVIERE DES PRAIRIES,PROGRAMMES SPECIALISES PSYCHIAT,7070 BOUL PERRAS,MONTREAL,PQ H1E 1A4,CANADA. CR BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 Berthier M L, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P197 HOON AH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P252 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MOTTRON L, 1993, BRAIN COGNITION, V23, P279, DOI 10.1006/brcg.1993.1060 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0278-2626 J9 BRAIN COGNITION JI Brain Cogn. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 32 IS 2 BP 339 EP 341 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA VZ841 UT WOS:A1996VZ84100105 ER PT J AU Happe, F Frith, U AF Happe, F Frith, U TI Theory of mind and social impairment in children with conduct disorder SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGGRESSIVE BOYS; AUTISTIC-CHILD; DYSFUNCTION; BELIEFS; REPRESENTATION; PERFORMANCE; ADOLESCENTS; INDIVIDUALS; DECEPTION; BEHAVIOR AB Children with conduct disorder show problems in social interaction. In a quite separate diagnostic group-individuals with autism-social impairments have recently attracted a great deal of research, with the suggestion that children with autism lack a 'theory of mind'. This hypothesis has been successful in explaining many of the social difficulties these individuals manifest, both in laboratory tests and in everyday life. The present study investigated whether the social impairments in conduct disorder might have a similar root. Standard false belief tasks and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), with additional items specially designed to assess understanding of other minds in everyday life, were used with eight normally developing children and Is children with conduct disorder. The VABS documented extensive and widespread social impairment in this clinical group. There was also evidence of impairment in social insight, not dissimilar to that found in able individuals with autism. Children with conduct disorder were markedly different from children with autism, however, in terms of type of maladaptive activity. They showed more antisocial behaviour and very little bizarre (e.g. stereotyped, self-stimulatory) behaviour. Implications for cognitive theories of social information processing in conduct disorder are discussed. RP Happe, F (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,4 TAVITON ST,LONDON WC1 0BT,ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ASARNOW JR, 1985, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V53, P80, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.53.1.80 Astington JW, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 AVIS J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P460, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01544.x BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Butterworth G., 1991, PERSPECTIVES CHILDS Byrne R. W., 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL Case R., 1985, INTELLECTUAL DEV BIR DODGE KA, 1980, CHILD DEV, V51, P162, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1980.tb02522.x DODGE KA, 1993, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V44, P559, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.44.1.559 DODGE KA, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P620, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb03434.x DODGE KA, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P213, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb03501.x DODGE KA, 1986, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V51, P1 DUNN J, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P1352, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01610.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 JOFFE RD, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF00911108 KARMILOFFSMITH A, 1995, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V7, P196, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.196 KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LUEGER RJ, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P696 MCARDLE P, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P279, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01825.x MCKEOUGH A, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P285, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004594 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PENNINGTON BF, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P153, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004314 PERNER J, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V4, P515, DOI [10.1017/S0140525X00076512, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X00076512] QUIGGLE NL, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1305, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01696.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 RUSSELL J, 1992, COGNITIVE DEV, V7, P485, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(92)80005-Z SCHONFELD IS, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P993, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03252.x Selman R. L., 1980, GROWTH INTERPERSONAL SIDDONS F, UNPUB HIGHER ORDER T SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STURGE C, 1982, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V23, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00046.x TACHTENBERG S, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P829 TURKAT ID, 1990, J PSYCHOPATHOL BEHAV, V12, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF00960623 WAAS GA, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P969, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb03249.x WEISS B, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P1321, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01697.x Wellman H, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P10 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 YULE W, 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P444 NR 53 TC 82 Z9 86 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 14 BP 385 EP 398 PN 4 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VU415 UT WOS:A1996VU41500001 ER PT J AU Hadwin, J AF Hadwin, J TI Mindblindness. An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Hadwin, J (reprint author), UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY CT2 7NZ,KENT,ENGLAND. CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 14 BP 506 EP 507 PN 4 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VU415 UT WOS:A1996VU41500016 ER PT J AU Takei, N AF Takei, N TI Childhood autism in Japan SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV TOKYO,SCH HLTH SCI,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Takei, N (reprint author), INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CR Honda H, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V169, P228, DOI 10.1192/bjp.169.2.228 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 1996 VL 169 IS 5 BP 671 EP 672 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VR105 UT WOS:A1996VR10500043 PM 8932913 ER PT J AU Herbert, M AF Herbert, M TI Families and developmental aspects SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILDREN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; RISK; BOYS AB During the past year, there has been the usual profusion of research and clinical reports published in a wide variety of journals, on matters affecting the family and their impact on the normal and abnormal development of children and adolescents. Among the more significant themes highlighted in this review, issues that particularly preoccupy practitioners at present, are family determinants of psychopathology, theories on attachment and investigations of disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorders and autism. interventions designed to remedy them, notably parent training, are also represented. RP Herbert, M (reprint author), UNIV EXETER, WASHINGTON SINGER LABS, DEPT PSYCHOL, PERRY RD, EXETER EX4 4QJ, DEVON, ENGLAND. CR BORMANNKISCHKEL C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1243, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01368.x Buitelaar JK, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01445.x DEQUIROS GB, 1994, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V15, P311 Dunn J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P507, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01437.x FARRINGTON DP, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P929, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01342.x FERGUSSON DM, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V33, P1080 FLIN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P171, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01819.x GOWERS G, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P469 HART EL, 1995, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V23, P729, DOI 10.1007/BF01447474 JANSEN RE, 1995, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V19, P501, DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01538.x MADIANOS MG, 1995, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V28, P85 MCCLOSKEY LA, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P1239, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00933.x MCCOURT J, 1995, INT J EAT DISORDER, V17, P277, DOI 10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<277::AID-EAT2260170308>3.0.CO;2-D MCFARLANE AH, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P847, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01333.x PARKER G, 1995, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V33, P173, DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(94)00086-O QUINN PO, 1995, COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE, P18 ROTH EE, 1995, ADHD ED MED CULTURAL, P39 SCHWEITZER JB, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb02321.x SHAW DS, 1995, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V91, P57 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x STEIN MA, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P663, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb02320.x TAMHNE RC, 1995, AMBULATORY CHILD HLT, V1, P1 THOMSEN PH, 1995, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V28, P161 VAN IJZENDOORN MH, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P225 Warheit GJ, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P435, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01424.x Webster-Stratton C, 1994, TROUBLED FAMILIES PR NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7367 J9 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR JI Curr. Opin. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 9 IS 6 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1097/00001504-199611000-00016 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VU538 UT WOS:A1996VU53800016 ER PT J AU Robinson, EJ Riggs, KJ Samuel, J AF Robinson, EJ Riggs, KJ Samuel, J TI Children's memory for drawings based on a false belief SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSAGES; REALITY; AUTISM; MIND AB In 3 studies, preschool children drew or saw another person draw what they wrongly thought were the contents of a box, saw the true contents, and then were asked what had been drawn and what they (or the other person) had thought was in the box. Children were more accurate at recalling drawings than beliefs. Belief judgments were no more accurate than in a control task with no drawing. Both the drawings and the initial belief represented falsely the contents of the box, yet children had much more difficulty with beliefs than with drawings and did not use their more accurate recall of drawings to help recall beliefs. These results are contrary both to the view that children have a general representational deficit and to the view that having a physical counterpart to belief helps children overcome a reality bias. RP Robinson, EJ (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM, SCH PSYCHOL, BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. CR BARTSCH K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P946, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03526.x CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x Flavell JH, 1988, DEV THEORIES MIND, P244 FREEMAN NH, 1995, COGNITION, V56, P31, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)00654-4 FREEMAN NH, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P95 GOPNIK A, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P26, DOI 10.2307/1130386 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 LESLIE AM, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P211, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90029-9 MITCHELL P, 1991, COGNITION, V39, P107, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90040-B Mitchell Peter, 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE, P19 MOSES LJ, 1993, COGNITIVE DEV, V8, P1, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(93)90002-M MOSES LJ, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P929, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02832.x PARKIN L, 1994, ANN C BRIT PSYCH SOC PERNER J, 1993, UNPUB MISREPRESENTAT Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES RIGGS KJ, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P271 RIGGS KJ, 1995, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V60, P229, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1995.1039 ROBINSON EJ, 1994, COGNITIVE DEV, V9, P165, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(94)90002-7 ROBINSON EJ, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P1022, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00920.x ROBINSON EJ, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P67, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.67 Wellman H. M., 1990, CHILDS THEORY MIND Wellman H. M., 1992, MIND LANG, V7, P145, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1468-0017.1992.TB00202.X WELLMAN HM, 1994, UNPUB YOUNG CHILDREN WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WIMMER H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P125 ZAITCHIK D, 1990, COGNITION, V35, P41, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90036-J NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0012-1649 J9 DEV PSYCHOL JI Dev. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1056 EP 1064 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VT148 UT WOS:A1996VT14800008 ER PT J AU Buckley, PF Schulz, SC AF Buckley, PF Schulz, SC TI Clozapine and risperidone: Refining and extending their use SO HARVARD REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS; NEUROLEPTIC-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; DOUBLE-BLIND; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE AB The recent advent of atypical antipsychotic medications has provided new clinical options and set higher expectations for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses. Two such drugs, clozapine and risperidone, are currently employed in the United States. Researchers continue to fine-tune treatment with these agents and to seek possible new uses for them. For clozapine, refinements in use (optimal duration of trial, optimal dose, use of drug plasma level to optimize efficacy) are described, along with side effects and the specificity (or lack thereof) of the drug's action upon primary negative symptoms. Also discussed is use of clozapine in new subgroups of patients-for example, those with first-episode schizophrenia, polydipsia syndrome, or a dual diagnosis. For risperidone, use in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, affective disorders, autism, and other disorders is described. Cost-benefit considerations are presented for both drugs. The psychosocial needs of patients taking these medications and the potential for synergy between novel antipsychotics and modern psychosocial therapies are also discussed. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NORTHCOAST BEHAV HEALTHCARE SYST,CLEVELAND,OH. CR ADDINGTON DE, 1993, CLIN THER, V15, P917 ALTMAN S, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P153, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95474-N ALVIR JMJ, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V329, P162, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199307153290303 Angst J, 1971, PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY, V4, P192 Atkin K. J., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P125, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85421-1 BALDESSARINI RJ, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P79 BANOV MD, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P295 BELLACK AS, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P143, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95444-E BELLACK AS, 1993, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V19, P317 BIRMAHER B, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P160, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199201000-00024 BONDOLFI G, 1995, 148 ANN M AM PSYCH A BREIER A, 1993, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V44, P1145 BREIER A, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P20 Buchanan RW, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P579 BUCHANAN RW, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P717, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90082-5 Buckley P. F., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P125, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85420-X BUCKLEY PF, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P354 BUCKLEY PF, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P145, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95451-E BUCKLEY PF, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P144 BUCKLEY PF, 1995, TXB PSYCHOPHARMACOLO, P615 CAINE ED, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V136, P317 Calabrese JR, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P759 CANUSO C, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P151, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95470-T CARMAN J, 1995, INT CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V10, P207, DOI 10.1097/00004850-199511000-00001 CARPENTER WT, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P827 Carter CS, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P719 CENTORRINO F, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V14, P119 CHOUINARD G, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V13, P25 CLAUS A, 1992, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V85, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01473.x COLE JO, 1993, 146 ANN M AM PSYCH A, P174 COLE JO, 1980, TARDIVE DYSKINESIA R, P419 CONLEY R, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P247 Daniel DG, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P417 DAVE M, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P886, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90025-6 DEVINSKY O, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P153 DWIGHT MM, 1994, LANCET, V344, P554, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91952-6 EKBLOM B, 1974, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V16, P945 EMSLEY RA, 1995, 148 ANN M AM PSYCH A ERESHEFSKY L, 1989, CLIN PHARMACY, V8, P691 ESSOCK SM, 1996, SCHIZOPHR B, V22, P580 Faulk RS, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P577 FRANKENBURG FR, 1992, ANN CLIN PSYCHIATRY, V4, P247, DOI 10.3109/10401239209150456 FULLER M, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P150, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95466-M GALE E, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P150, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95467-N GERLACH J, 1974, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V50, P410, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1974.tb09706.x GOLDBERG TE, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V162, P43, DOI 10.1192/bjp.162.1.43 GOODNICK PJ, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P431 Grace J, 1996, PSYCHIATR SERV, V47, P41 GRCEVICH S, 1995, 148 ANN M AM PSYCH A HAGGER C, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V34, P702, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90043-D HASEGAWA M, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V13, P383 HILLERT A, 1992, PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1014408 HOYBERG OJ, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V88, P395, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03480.x HUNZIKER F, 1963, HELV CHIM ACTA, V46, P2337, DOI 10.1002/hlca.19630460652 IDANPAANHEIKKILA J, 1977, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V11, P193, DOI 10.1007/BF00606409 JACOBSEN FM, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P423 JEANBLANC W, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1239 KANE J, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P789 KANE JM, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V54, P327 KANE JM, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P802 KLAUSNER M, 1995, PSYCHIATR SERV, V46, P950 KLIESER E, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V15, pS45 KONICKI PE, 1995, 34 ANN M AM COLL NEU KOTCHER M, 1993, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V44, P744 KRNIG MH, 1994, 150 ANN M AM PSYCH A KRONIG MH, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P179 Lanza L. L., 1996, Schizophrenia Research, V18, P110, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(96)85381-3 LEADBETTER RA, 1994, SCHIZOPHR B, V20, P376 LEADBETTER RA, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P110 LEYSEN JE, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P5 LIEBERMAN JA, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P503, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.4.503 LIEBERMAN JA, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1744 LINDSTROM LH, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V99, pS84, DOI 10.1007/BF00442567 LUCHINS DJ, 1995, 34 ANN M AM COLL NEU MacEwan TH, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P376, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.3.376 MARCUS P, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P959 MARDER SR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P825 MCELROY SL, 1991, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V52, P411 MELTZER HY, 1984, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V4, P286 MELTZER HY, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P821 MELTZER HY, 1990, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V41, P892 MELTZER HY, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P1630 MELTZER HY, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P183 Menditto AA, 1996, PSYCHIATR SERV, V47, P46 MILLER DD, 1994, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V35, P8, DOI 10.1016/0010-440X(94)90164-3 MILLER DD, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P117 MORGENSTERN H, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P723 NABER D, 1990, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V41, P886 NABER D, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V99, pS73, DOI 10.1007/BF00442564 NAIR C, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P529, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)84052-2 NOGA JT, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P160, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95496-V PELONERO ALA, 1995, PSYCHIATR SERV, V46, P291 PERRY PJ, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P231 PEUSKENS J, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V166, P712, DOI 10.1192/bjp.166.6.712 PICKAR D, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V12, P10 POTKIN SG, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P133 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 REID WH, 1994, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V45, P261 REVICKI DA, 1990, HOSP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V41, P850 SAFFERMAN A, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P247 Sajatovic M, 1996, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V32, P55 Schaffer CB, 1996, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V57, P136 SCHILLER M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P151 Schulz S. C., 1995, P469 SHORE D, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P333 SIMPSON GM, 1978, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, V56, P75, DOI 10.1007/BF00571412 SINGER K, 1974, J INT MED RES, V2, P433 SMALL JG, 1987, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V48, P263 STIP E, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1833 SUPPES T, 1996, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V39, P531, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)84056-X SZYMANSKI S, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P278, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91259-9 Takhar J, 1996, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V41, P61 TAMMINGA CA, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P102 TANDON R, 1993, J PSYCHIAT RES, V27, P341, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(93)90060-F TAYLOR D, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V167, P409, DOI 10.1192/bjp.167.3.409 Tomlinson WC, 1996, AM J PSYCHIAT, V153, P132 TOWBIN KE, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P651, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199406000-00005 Umbricht D, 1995, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V21, P593 VANPUTTEN T, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P197 WILSON WH, 1995, HSOP COMMUNITY PSYCH, V46, P386 WYATT RJ, 1991, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V17, P325 YOVELL Y, 1994, J NERV MENT DIS, V182, P591, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199410000-00017 ZARATE CA, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P411 Zito JM, 1995, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V31, P735 NR 124 TC 9 Z9 9 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1067-3229 J9 HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT JI Harv. Rev. Psychiatr. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 4 IS 4 BP 184 EP 199 DI 10.3109/10673229609030543 PG 16 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VV182 UT WOS:A1996VV18200002 PM 9384993 ER PT J AU Bonnet, K Gao, XK AF Bonnet, K Gao, XK TI Asperger syndrome in neurologic perspective SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; THYROID-HORMONE; GENERALIZED RESISTANCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; ABNORMALITIES; DISABILITIES C1 NYU,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP Bonnet, K (reprint author), NYU,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,550 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. CR AKEFELDT A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P737 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDREASEN NC, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P35 ANNEREN G, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V56, P330, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560325 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BERTHIER ML, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P633, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00021 BERTHIER ML, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P735, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00023 Berthier M L, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P197 BOGERTS B, 1990, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V35, P1 BONNET KA, 1988, DISORDERS DEV NERVOU CARPENTER PK, 1990, J MENT DEFIC RES, V34, P87 Coleman M., 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES COLEMAN M, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P104 Coleman M, 1985, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO DAVIES S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1033, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01808.x DELONG R, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P441 DENCKLA MB, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P461 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FALKAI P, 1992, SCHIZOPHR RES, V7, P23, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90070-L FITCH RH, 1994, CEREB CORTEX, V4, P260, DOI 10.1093/cercor/4.3.260 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Frith U., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P651, DOI 10.1007/BF01046333 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 GILLBERG C, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P641 GILLBERG IC, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P531, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00889.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x HAUSER P, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P997, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199304083281403 HEDGE BJ, 1978, ACTA PSYCHOL, V42, P453, DOI 10.1016/0001-6918(78)90033-1 HERMELIN B, 1989, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERNDON RM, 1971, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V30, P196, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197104000-00002 HOBSON RP, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P237 JOHNSTONE EC, 1989, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V52, P736, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.52.6.736 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF01066416 KLIN A, 1996, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE LAUDER JM, 1989, IODINE BRAIN, P79 LEONARD CM, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P238, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600314 MARRIAGE K, 1993, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V27, P666, DOI 10.3109/00048679309075829 MCELVEY JR, 1995, J CHILD NEUROL, V10, P310 MINSKOFF EH, 1980, J LEARN DISABIL, V13, P203 MIXSON AJ, 1992, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V75, P1039, DOI 10.1210/jc.75.4.1039 MNUKHIN SS, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P99, DOI 10.1007/BF01537927 NAIDICH TP, 1995, NEUROSURGERY, V36, P517 NOWAKOWSKI RS, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P568, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01402.x OZBAYRAK KR, 1992, BRAIN DEV, V14, P197 OZBAYRAK KR, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P454 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x RICKARBY G, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF02207330 Rourke B.P., 1995, SYNDROME NONVERBAL L Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 SALIBA JR, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF02216061 SCOTT DW, 1985, PSYCHOL MED, V15, P683 STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495 STEINMETZ H, 1989, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V13, P10, DOI 10.1097/00004728-198901000-00003 Stern D. N., 1971, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V10, P507 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 TANTAM D, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P111, DOI 10.1007/BF01066422 TAYLOR DC, 1969, LANCET, V2, P140 VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 *WHO, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R, pCHR5 WING L, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531339 WING L, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V143, P261 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VW886 UT WOS:A1996VW88600013 PM 9120229 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Rimland, B Shilling, PD AF Gupta, S Rimland, B Shilling, PD TI Pentoxifylline: Brief review and rationale for its possible use in the treatment of autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALPHA TNF-ALPHA; CELLS; EXPRESSION; SEROTONIN; DISORDER C1 AUTISM RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717, USA. CR ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x BAKER D, 1991, CELL IMMUNOL, V134, P505, DOI 10.1016/0008-8749(91)90321-2 BERMAN B, 1992, J INVEST DERMATOL, V98, P706, DOI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12499916 BIANCO JA, 1991, BLOOD, V78, P1205 BROSNAN CF, 1988, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V18, P87, DOI 10.1016/0165-5728(88)90137-3 CARDINALI DP, 1977, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V16, P785, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(77)90138-1 DEZUBE BJ, 1993, CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUN, V36, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01789132 DEZUBE BJ, 1993, J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND, V6, P787 DOMINGUEZ D, 1977, PHARMATHERAPEUTICA, V1, P498 FIERS W, 1993, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTO GIBSON RL, 1991, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V143, P598 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P149 HANS J, 1990, J EXP MED, V172, P391 HAWKINS ES, 1987, J AM PODIAT MED ASSN, V77, P645 HOSHINO Y, 1984, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V26, P937 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KITATANI T, 1993, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V44, P457, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90491-B LEIMENSTOLL G, 1993, TRANSPLANT P, V25, P561 MATUSCHAK GM, 1994, J INTERFERON RES, V14, P293, DOI 10.1089/jir.1994.14.293 MCBRIDE PA, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P213 MCCANN SM, 1990, CIRCULATING REGULATO, P315 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P71 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P547, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90011-2 MINTZ M, 1989, AM J DIS CHILD, V143, P771 MOUNTZ JM, 1995, J NUCL MED, V38, P1156 NAKANE A, 1980, TOKYOTO EISEI GAKKAS, V65, P104 NATAF S, 1993, ACTA NEUROL SCAND, V88, P97 OKUDA Y, UNPUB MODULATION CYT OLSSON RA, 1990, PHYSIOL REV, V70, P761 ROTT O, 1993, EUR J IMMUNOL, V23, P745 RUDDLE NH, 1990, J EXP MED, V172, P1193, DOI 10.1084/jem.172.4.1193 SCHANDENE L, 1992, IMMUNOLOGY, V76, P30 SEASICK M, 1984, BRAIN DEV, V6, P1856 SELMAJ KW, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P339, DOI 10.1002/ana.410230405 SHIMOIDE M, 1981, CLIN EXP MED, V58, P285 SOGAME S, 1978, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V19, P137 SPRIGGS D, 1994, TNF STRUCTURE FUNCTI, P3 Stellin G P, 1989, Compr Ther, V15, P11 TAKAHASHI GW, 1994, INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO, V16, P723, DOI 10.1016/0192-0561(94)90092-2 TANAKA Y, 1990, BRAIN RES, V522, P63, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91577-4 TILG H, 1993, TRANSPLANTATION, V56, P196, DOI 10.1097/00007890-199307000-00036 TODD RD, 1985, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V82, P612, DOI 10.1073/pnas.82.2.612 TUREK S, 1981, ASANA, V1, P51 WEINBERG JB, 1992, BLOOD, V79, P3337 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VW886 UT WOS:A1996VW88600020 PM 9120235 ER PT J AU Yirmiya, N SolomonicaLevi, D Shulman, G Pilowsky, T AF Yirmiya, N SolomonicaLevi, D Shulman, G Pilowsky, T TI Theory of mind abilities in individuals with autism, Down syndrome, and mental retardation of unknown etiology: The role of age and intelligence SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; theory of mind; cognition; Down syndrome ID VERBAL-ABILITY; CHILDS THEORY; DECEPTION; DEFICIT; ATTENTION; DISORDER; HYPERACTIVITY; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS; TASK AB We examined theory of mind abilities of individuals with autism, mental retardation (MR) of unknown etiology, Down syndrome, and normal children. On false belief and deception tasks, normal children performed better than all clinical groups, while no differences emerged among the clinical groups. The groups with MR performed better than the group with autism on the value task only. For individuals with autism, theory of mind abilities correlated with verbal ability. For individuals with MR nonverbal abilities correlated with deception and false belief scores. Findings are discussed in terms of the specificity of the theory of mind deficit to autism. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PSYCHOL,MT SCOPUS,IL-90905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARKLEY RA, 1992, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V20, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00916547 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 Beeghly M., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P329, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511581786.011 BENSON G, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P427 CHARMAN T, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1105, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00929.x Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 FLAVELL JH, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P915, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02831.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GRODZINSKY GM, 1992, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P427 HALA S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01516.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 KASARI C, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P55 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SHULMAN C, 1995, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V104, P601, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.104.4.601 SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL WECHSLER D, 1963, WPPSI MANUAL WECHSLE Wechsler D., 1974, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Yirmiya N, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P2045, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01842.x Yirmiya N, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P62 YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1014 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01497.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VX206 UT WOS:A1996VX20600011 PM 9119934 ER PT J AU Belichenko, PV Fedorov, AA Dahlstrom, AB AF Belichenko, PV Fedorov, AA Dahlstrom, AB TI Quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence and lipofuscin distribution in human cortical areas by dual-channel confocal laser scanning microscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE immunofluorescence; lipofuscin; confocal microscopy; digital image analysis; quantification; human brain mapping ID IMMUNOREACTIVITY; TERMINALS; DISEASE; SPINES; CORTEX; BRAIN AB A method for quantitative analysis of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of immunofluorescence and lipofuscin in human brain cortical areas is described. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to show the distribution and density of a synaptic vesicle protein - synaptophysin (p38). Dual channel CLSM was used for imaging immunofluorescence and autofluorescence of lipofuscin granules. Special software was developed for quantitative analysis of the CLSM images. The method has been tested in studies of frontal, temporal, motor, visual, and entorhinal cortices in normal and pathological human brains (Rett syndrome and autism). Using this technique the intensity and amount of p38 immunoreactivity was quantified after subtraction of lipofuscin fluorescence. In normal cortex no statistically significant differences were found for p38 antigen between layers II, III and V. The highest concentration of p38 immunoreactivity was found in the frontal cortex. In Rett syndrome and autistic patients, the p38 immunofluorescence in the investigated cortex areas appeared reduced compared with normal. The software is also suitable for quantitative analysis of double-labelled immunofluorescent specimens in animals without lipofuscin. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,INST NEUROBIOL,S-41390 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,BRAIN RES INST,MOSCOW 103064,RUSSIA. CR BEAULIEU C, 1985, J COMP NEUROL, V231, P180, DOI 10.1002/cne.902310206 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, J NEUROSCI METH, V52, P111, DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(94)90119-8 BELICHENKO PV, 1994, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V1, P185 BELICHENKO PV, 1995, NEUROSCI PROT BELICHENKO PV, 1995, J NEUROSCI METH, V57, P55, DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(94)00125-Z BELICHENKO PV, 1992, BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIC, P29 BRAAK H, 1976, J COMP NEUROL, V166, P341, DOI 10.1002/cne.901660305 CORNFORD ME, 1994, J CHILD NEUROL, V9, P424 GOOD PF, 1993, BRAIN RES, V624, P347, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90102-S HORNUNG JP, 1992, NEUROSCIENCE, V51, P363, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90321-R MASLIAH E, 1992, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V51, P404, DOI 10.1097/00005072-199207000-00003 MASLIAH E, 1991, AM J PATHOL, V138, P235 MASLIAH E, 1990, J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM, V38, P837 MOSSBERG K, 1990, J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM, V38, P179 SCHUBERT W, 1991, BRAIN RES, V563, P184, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91532-6 WOODROOFE MN, 1994, NEUROPATHOL APPL NEU, V20, P526 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD NOV PY 1996 VL 69 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0165-0270(96)00035-0 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VV820 UT WOS:A1996VV82000004 PM 8946318 ER PT J AU Jan, JE ODonnell, ME AF Jan, JE ODonnell, ME TI Use of melatonin in the treatment of paediatric sleep disorders SO JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE melatonin treatment; melatonin secretion; pineal gland; blind; disabled; sleep disorders ID CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; BLIND MAN; JET-LAG; THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS; TEMPERATURE RHYTHMS; MENTAL HANDICAP; WAKE CYCLE; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; ENTRAINMENT AB A group of Vancouver health professionals, including the authors, have studied the use of oral melatonin in the treatment of chronic sleep disorders in children with disabilities since the Fall of 1991. This review article is based on the first 100 patients, half of whom were visually impaired or blind. Children with neurological, neuropsychiatric, and developmental disabilities are predisposed to chronic sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Disorders such as blindness, deafblindness, mental retardation, autism, and central nervous system diseases, among others, diminish the ability of these individuals to perceive and interpret the multitude of cues for synchronizing their sleep with the environment. Melatonin, which benefitted slightly over 80% of our patients, appears to be a safe, inexpensive, and a very effective treatment of sleep-wake cycle disorders. The oral dose of fast release melatonin taken at bed-time ranged from 2.5 mg to 10 mg. Side effects or the development of tolerance have not been observed. Since the causes of sleep difficulties are extremely variable, not all children are candidates for treatment. For successful melatonin treatment, clinical experience is required, and the influences of other health problems and medications need to be considered. Further clinical and laboratory research in this field is imperative because melatonin treatment offers enormous health, emotional, social, and economic benefits to society, especially since multidisabled children with chronic sleep difficulties do not respond well to current therapeutic regimes. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEV PAEDIAT,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR,VISUALLY IMPAIRED PROGRAM,VANCOUVER,BC V5M 3E8,CANADA. SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR,NEUROMOTOR PROGRAM,VANCOUVER,BC V5M 3E8,CANADA. CR ALBERTSON TE, 1981, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V20, P61, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(81)90043-5 ALDHOUS M, 1985, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V19, P517 ALDHOUS ME, 1991, ADV PINEAL, V5, P307 ANTONTAY F, 1971, LIFE SCI, V10, P841, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90155-X ARENDT J, 1987, ERGONOMICS, V30, P1379, DOI 10.1080/00140138708966031 ARENDT J, 1993, LIGHT BIOL RHYTHMS M, P203 ARENDT J, 1988, LANCET, V1, P772 BARTLETT LB, 1985, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V31, P54 BROWN GM, 1995, CNS DRUGS, V3, P209, DOI 10.2165/00023210-199503030-00006 CAVALLO A, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P395, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00020 Champney TH, 1996, J PINEAL RES, V20, P79, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00243.x Cramer H, 1974, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, V11, P187 Cunningham C., 1986, EFFECTS EARLY INTERV DAHLITZ M, 1991, LANCET, V337, P1121, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92787-3 DAWSON D, 1993, J PINEAL RES, V15, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00503.x DOLLINS AB, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P1824, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.5.1824 DUBBELS R, 1995, J PINEAL RES, V18, P28, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00136.x ESPEZEL H, 1996, J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN, V90, P34 FARIELLO RG, 1977, NEUROLOGY, V27, P567 FOLKARD S, 1990, NEUROSCI LETT, V113, P193, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90302-P HAIMOV I, 1995, SLEEP, V18, P598 HATTORI A, 1995, BIOCHEM MOL BIOL INT, V35, P627 HAYNES SN, 1981, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V26, P601 JAMES SP, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V3, P19 JAN J E, 1990, Pediatrician, V17, P202 JAN JE, 1996, IN PRESS PROGR PSYCH JAN JE, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P279 JAN JE, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P97 LERNER AB, 1960, FED PROC, V19, P590 LEWY AJ, 1983, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V56, P1103 LEWY AJ, 1992, CHRONOBIOL INT, V9, P380, DOI 10.3109/07420529209064550 LEWY AJ, 1980, SCIENCE, V210, P1267, DOI 10.1126/science.7434030 LIEBERMAN HR, 1984, BRAIN RES, V323, P201, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90290-7 LINO A, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V34, P587, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90208-U MAESTRONI GJM, 1993, J PINEAL RES, V14, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00478.x MAFARLANE JG, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V30, P371 McGarr R.J., 1980, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V3, P173 Miles L., 1977, SLEEP RES, V6, P192 MILES LEM, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P421, DOI 10.1126/science.910139 MINDELL JA, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V94, P194 NAKAGAWA H, 1992, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V46, P210 OKAWA M, 1986, J NEUROL, V233, P274, DOI 10.1007/BF00314159 PALM L, 1991, ANN NEUROL, V29, P336, DOI 10.1002/ana.410290318 PENTNEY PT, 1995, J PINEAL RES, V19, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00168.x PETRIE K, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P526, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90007-Z PIAZZA CC, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P232 PIAZZA CC, 1990, BRAIN DEV, V14, P488 QUINE L, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P269 REITER RJ, 1995, J PINEAL RES, V18, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00133.x REITER RJ, 1972, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V9, P203, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(72)90236-3 REITER RJ, 1991, ENDOCR REV, V12, P151 RUSAK B, 1979, PHYSIOL REV, V59, P449 SACK RL, 1991, J BIOL RHYTHM, V6, P249, DOI 10.1177/074873049100600305 SASAKI H, 1992, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V46, P209 SINGER C, 1994, SLEEP RES, V23, P86 STANKOV B, 1994, NEUROREPORT, V6, P132 STORES G, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1303, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00951.x TZISCHINSKY O, 1992, J PINEAL RES, V12, P105, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1992.tb00035.x VALCAVI R, 1993, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V39, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb01773.x WEITZMAN ED, 1981, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V38, P737 ZHDANOVA IV, 1995, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V57, P552, DOI 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90040-3 NR 61 TC 108 Z9 109 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0742-3098 J9 J PINEAL RES JI J. Pineal Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 21 IS 4 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00286.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA WB104 UT WOS:A1996WB10400001 PM 8989717 ER PT J AU Eisenmajer, R Prior, M Leekam, S Wing, L Gould, J Welham, M Ong, B AF Eisenmajer, R Prior, M Leekam, S Wing, L Gould, J Welham, M Ong, B TI Comparison of clinical symptoms in autism and Asperger's disorder SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 National Autism Conference CY 1995 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA DE autism; Asperger's disorder; diagnosis; communication ID CHILDREN AB Objective: To determine what clinical symptoms clinicians have been using to distinguish between Asperger's disorder (AsD) and autistic disorder (AD). Method: Parents of children and adolescents with high-functioning AD (n = 48) and AsD (n = 69) were given a structured interview based on DSM-III-R and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Information regarding early and current symptom presentation and family, developmental, and verbal mental age information were collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine which variables best predicted clinician's diagnosis. Results: A number of clinical variables predicted diagnosis. Delayed language onset was the only variable of the family and developmental variables that predicted diagnosis. The AsD group was also significantly higher than the AD group in verbal mental age. Conclusion: Clinicians appear to be diagnosing AsD and AD on the basis of published research and case study accounts. The findings question whether DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria adequately describe the AsD individual, particularly in the communication domain. C1 ROYAL CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PSYCHOL,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. UNIV KENT,DEPT PSYCHOL,CANTERBURY,KENT,ENGLAND. AUSTIN HOSP,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,MELBOURNE,VIC 3084,AUSTRALIA. RP Eisenmajer, R (reprint author), LA TROBE UNIV,SCH PSYCHOL,BUNDOORA,VIC 3083,AUSTRALIA. RI Leekam, Susan/A-1773-2010 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Dunn L. M., 1981, MANUAL PEABODY PICTU EISENMAJER R, 1996, THESIS TROBE U BUNDO GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P529 Leo Kanner, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS MANJIVIONA J, 1996, THESIS LATROBE U BUN RAPIN I, 1996, CLIN DEV MED RUTTER M, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P499, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00264.x SCHOPLER E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01531780 SZATMARI P, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1662, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00017 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 TANTAM D, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P245, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00713.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 *WHO, 1988, INT CLASS DIS DIS IC WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P513, DOI 10.1007/BF01531716 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 YIRMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02172227 NR 26 TC 103 Z9 104 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1523 EP 1531 DI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00022 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA VN954 UT WOS:A1996VN95400022 PM 8936920 ER PT J AU Lord, C Pickles, A AF Lord, C Pickles, A TI Language level and nonverbal social-communicative behaviors in autistic and language-delayed children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; language impairment; communication ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; SPEECH AB Objective: To explore the relationship of general expressive language delay to nonverbal social-communicative deficits and repetitive behaviors associated with autism in preschool children. Method: interviews of the parents of 51 autistic and 43 nonautistic 3- to 5-year-olds with language impairments were compared. Results: Main effects of the children's language level occurred for the majority of social and nonverbal communication items but not for restricted, repetitive behaviors or showing and directing attention, socially directed gaze, or range of facial expression. Conclusions: In addition to the specific impairments of autism, a broader conceptualization of communication handicap is urged for preschool children with developmental delays. C1 UNIV LONDON, MRC, CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT, LONDON WC1E 7HU, ENGLAND. RP Lord, C (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO, DEPT PSYCHIAT, 5841 S MARYLAND AVE, MC 3077, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARAM DM, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P580 Bayley N, 1969, MANUAL BAYLEY SCALES BEITCHMAN JH, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P528, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(10)60013-1 BISHOP DVM, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P156 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x CANTWELL DP, 1980, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V37, P423 DILAVORE P, 1994, ANN M AM AC CHILD AD FENSON L, 1994, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V59, pR5 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Hedrick D. L., 1975, SEQUENCED INVENTORY Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x Lord C, 1985, COMMUNICATION PROBLE, P257 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x LORD C, 1993, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V14, P234, DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(199323)14:3<234::AID-IMHJ2280140308>3.0.CO;2-F LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MCNEILL D, 1985, PSYCHOL REV, V92, P350, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.92.3.350 MORISSET CE, 1995, DEV PSYCHOL, V31, P851, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.31.5.851 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x STILES J, 1994, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V59, P180 STUTSMAN R, 1931, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P, P139 WATERHOUSE L, 1982, BRAIN LANG, V15, P307, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(82)90062-1 WHITEHURST GJ, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01210.x WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1542 EP 1550 DI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00024 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA VN954 UT WOS:A1996VN95400024 PM 8936922 ER PT J AU Brown, DW AF Brown, DW TI Autism, Asperger's syndrome and the Crick-Mitchison theory of the biological function of REM sleep SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CAFFEINE EXPOSURE; NEURAL NETWORKS; CONSEQUENCES; CONSUMPTION; GESTATION; CHILDREN; COFFEE AB Autism, Asperger's syndrome and other autistic syndromes are developmental brain disorders that cause serious impairments in communication, social interaction, empathy, mood and play. In addition to such deficits, the autistic syndromes involve pathologically high levels of repetitive, stereotypic, ritualistic, compulsive or obsessive behavior, together with extreme resistance to change. According to the Crick-Mitchison theory of the biological function of rapid eye movement sleep, normal brain development in the fetus and infant depends on undisrupted function of a 'reverse learning' mechanism during rapid eye movement sleep. Could abnormalities in this hypothetical reverse learning during rapid eye movement sleep in the fetus explain some aspects of the autistic syndromes? Does the Crick-Mitchison theory suggest if a drug could interfere with rapid eye movement sleep and cross the placental barrier, then that drug might cause developmental brain disorders in the fetus? Should all pregnant women completely avoid caffeine or any agent that might disrupt serotonergic or cholinergic systems? CR ALHACHIM GM, 1989, EUR J OBSTET GYN R B, V31, P237, DOI 10.1016/0028-2243(89)90159-7 BAKAY RAE, 1995, J NEUROSURG, V82, pA364 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM BERGER A, 1988, J REPROD MED, V33, P945 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BROOK SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF01046403 BROWN DW, 1993, MED HYPOTHESES, V40, P309, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(93)90011-E BROWN DW, 1993, MED HYPOTHESES, V40, P329, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(93)90212-9 CARL GF, 1986, NEUROLOGY, V36, P1584 CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 COLEMAN M, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P104 CRICK F, 1989, NATURE, V337, P129, DOI 10.1038/337129a0 CRICK F, 1986, J MIND BEHAV, V7, P229 CRICK F, 1983, NATURE, V304, P111, DOI 10.1038/304111a0 DLUGOSZ L, 1992, EPIDEMIOL REV, V14, P83 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GOETZ CG, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1 GUILLET R, 1995, EPILEPSIA, V36, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01610.x KOPIN IJ, 1988, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V11, P81, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.11.1.81 LAIDLAW J, 1988, TXB EPILEPSY MEYER M, 1986, LOGIC RHETORIC NEHLIG A, 1994, J AM COLL NUTR, V13, P6 NEHLIG A, 1994, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V16, P531, DOI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90032-9 RIMLAND B, 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL, P1 SIEGFRIED J, 1994, NEUROSURGERY, V35, P1126 SMITH C, 1991, SLEEP, V14, P325 SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 VOELLER KKS, 1986, AM J PSYCHIAT, V143, P1004 WING L, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P5 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD NOV PY 1996 VL 47 IS 5 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(96)90220-0 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA VT276 UT WOS:A1996VT27600007 PM 8951804 ER PT J AU Harel, S Greenstein, Y Kramer, U Yifat, R Samuel, E Nevo, Y Leitner, Y Kutai, M Fattal, A Shinnar, S AF Harel, S Greenstein, Y Kramer, U Yifat, R Samuel, E Nevo, Y Leitner, Y Kutai, M Fattal, A Shinnar, S TI Clinical characteristics of children referred to a child development center for evaluation of speech, language, and communication disorders SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DYSPHASIC CHILDREN; INFANTS; DELAY; IMPAIRMENT; GROWTH; AUTISM AB Speech, language, and communication disorders are prominent reasons for referrals to a child development center, From 1984 to 1988, 1,090 preschool children were referred to our child development center, which serves the Tel Aviv metropolitan area, Of all referrals, 432 (41%) were primarily due to speech, language, and communication problems, After exclusion of those with IQ <50 and those with non-language-related disabilities, 323 children remained, The children were classified into different subtypes of developmental language disorders and autistic spectrum disorders, The main developmental language disorder subtypes were combined expressive-receptive (49%) and expressive (44%), Central processing deficits were less common, occurring in 20 (7%) of the children, Parents of children with developmental language disorders had educational levels similar to those of parents of children referred to the child development center for other causes, However, parents of children with infantile autism had higher educational levels than parents of children with developmental language disorder or parents of children referred for other causes (P < .001), Our results reflect the distribution of language and related problems in an unselected population of preschool children referred to a child development center. (C) 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10467. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. RP Harel, S (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER FAC MED,TEL AVIV MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT,INST CHILD DEV & PEDIAT NEUROL,IL-65211 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. CR Allen D., 1988, LANG COMMUN, P57 ALLEN DA, 1989, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V18, P442 ALLEN D, 1989, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V9, P164 ALLEN DA, 1988, J CHILD NEUROL, V3, pS48 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P65 BEITCHMAN JH, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P118, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198901000-00022 Central Bureau of Statistics, 1990, STAT ABSTR ISR COURCHESNE E, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P781 DESOUZA SW, 1981, ARCH DIS CHILD, V56, P245 FIRST LR, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V330, P478, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199402173300708 FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P767 FRIELPATTI S, 1982, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V1, P104, DOI 10.1097/00006454-198203000-00008 FRITSCH G, 1986, MONATSSCHR KINDERH, V134, P687 GESCHWIND N, 1985, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V42, P428 GRAVEL JS, 1992, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V35, P588 HAMILL PVV, 1979, AM J CLIN NUTR, V32, P607 HAYNESS C, 1991, CLIN DEV MED, V119, P1 JANOWSKY JS, 1987, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V8, P3 KELSEY JL, 1986, METHODS OBSERVATIONA, P3 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 LOW JA, 1982, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V142, P670 MACCARIO M, 1982, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V24, P141 MERCY JA, 1982, AM SOCIOL REV, V47, P532, DOI 10.2307/2095197 RAPIN I, 1991, COGNITIVE DISORDERS, P3 RAPIN I, 1988, AM J DIS CHILD, V142, P1119 *SAS I, 1985, SAS US GUID SILVA PA, 1980, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V15, P205 SILVA PA, 1980, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V22, P768 Tallal P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P51, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000249 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1219 WASHINGTON DM, 1986, CLIN DEV MED, V9596, P168 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(96)00222-6 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VY125 UT WOS:A1996VY12500004 PM 8972529 ER PT J AU Herault, J Petit, E Martineau, J Cherpi, C Perrot, A Barthelemy, C Lelord, G Muh, JP AF Herault, J Petit, E Martineau, J Cherpi, C Perrot, A Barthelemy, C Lelord, G Muh, JP TI Serotonin and autism: Biochemical and molecular biology features SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; child psychiatry ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; PLATELET SEROTONIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FENFLURAMINE TREATMENT; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; TOURETTE SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS AB Whole blood and urinary levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and the derivative urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in normal and autistic subjects. An association was tested between autism and a marker coding for the 5-HT2A serotonergic receptor gene. Significant group (high urinary 5-HT and low whole blood 5-HT in autism) and age effects (urinary 5-HT decrease with age) were found. Moreover, whole blood 5-HT levels were correlated with clinical state. No differences in allele and genotype frequencies for the 5-HT2A receptor marker were found in this autistic population compared with age-matched healthy students. C1 CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,SERV UNIV EXPLORAT FONCT & NEUROPHYSIOL PEDOPSYCH,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,SERV UNIV PEDOPSYCHIAT,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. RP Herault, J (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,INSERM,U316,LAB BIOCHIM & BIOL MOL,2 BD TONNELLE,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF02212938 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DSM 3 R DIAGN STAT M, V3rd American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th ANDERSON G, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V6, P885 ANDERSON GM, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF02211852 AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 BARTHELEMY C, 1996, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE BARTHELEMY C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF02284718 BARTHELEMY C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211844 CAMPBELL RJ, 1974, INCOMPATIBILITY NEWS, V4, P33 COLEMAN M, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF01537552 COMINGS D, 1988, GENETICS NEUROPSYCHI, P127 COMINGS DE, 1991, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V266, P1793, DOI 10.1001/jama.266.13.1793 COMINGS DE, 1995, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V37, P484, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00311-P COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 COOK EH, 1994, PSYCHIAT RES, V52, P25, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90117-1 COOK EH, 1993, LIFE SCI, V52, P2005, DOI 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90685-V ELLENBROEK BA, 1994, EUR J NEUROSCI, V6, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00242.x FLANAGAN SD, 1995, SOC NEUROSCI, V21, P8071 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P203 FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P449 GILLBERG C, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408551 HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 HERAULT J, 1993, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V2, P211 HERAULT J, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P93 HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W HOSHINO Y, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V11, P22, DOI 10.1159/000118045 HUNT A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01046223 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 LELORD G, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P219, DOI 10.1007/BF01531686 LENOIR P, 1989, THESIS FM TOURS LEVENTHAL BL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P499, DOI 10.1007/BF02216055 LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87 MARTINEAU J, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P141 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 MARTINEAU J, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P688 McBride P. A., 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P205 MINDERAA RB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P190, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00007 MINDERAA RB, 1987, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V22, P933, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90002-3 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 NAFFAHMAZZACORATTI MG, 1993, BRAZ J MED BIOL RES, V26, P309 NORMAN TR, 1989, PSYCHIAT RES, V30, P63, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90172-8 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 OSTROWITZKI S, 1993, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V93, P27, DOI 10.1007/BF01244935 PAGET M, 1955, Ann Biol Clin (Paris), V13, P535 PIVEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02206997 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 RITVO ER, 1970, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V23, P566 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 ROLF LH, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V87, P312, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03378.x RUTTER M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P16 Sambrook J., 1989, MOL CLONING LAB MANU, V2 SCHAIN RJ, 1961, J PEDIATR-US, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(61)80261-8 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x TSAI LY, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P57, DOI 10.1007/BF01531359 WAPNIR RA, 1969, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V26, P203, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(69)90368-4 WARREN J, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V2, P338 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 YUWILER A, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01046401 NR 65 TC 39 Z9 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 65 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02882-X PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VU624 UT WOS:A1996VU62400004 PM 8953659 ER PT J AU Shand, P AF Shand, P TI New developments on autism SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD NOV PY 1996 VL 9 IS 11 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VT254 UT WOS:A1996VT25400003 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Benavidez, DA Compton, LS Paclawskyj, T Baglio, C AF Matson, JL Benavidez, DA Compton, LS Paclawskyj, T Baglio, C TI Behavioral treatment of autistic persons: A review of research from 1980 to the present SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review ID MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE; STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; HIGH-PROBABILITY REQUESTS; SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; TIME-DELAY; STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR; SEVERE DISABILITIES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PSYCHOTIC CHILDREN AB Studies evaluating behavioral treatment of autism from 1980 to the present were reviewed Studies included were published in journal articles and utilized behavioral methodology. A total of 251 studies were included in the review. Each study was analyzed for target behaviors and behavioral techniques implemented. Target behaviors were divided into categories, which included aberrant behaviors, social skills, language, daily living skills, and academic skills Behavioral techniques were classified as positive, negative, extinction, or combined Results were presented for each category Recent trends in the treatment literature were also reviewed and recommendations for future research were presented. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80208. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. CR AZRIN NH, 1975, BEHAV RES THER, V13, P101, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(75)90004-2 BARRERA RD, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P21, DOI 10.1007/BF02408430 BARRERA RD, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P379, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-379 BARRY NJ, 1977, AM J MENT DEF, V82, P33 Bettelheim B., 1967, EMPTY FORTRESS BIRD F, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P37 BLEW PA, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P337, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-337 Brady M. P., 1987, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V34, P213 BRADY MP, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P375, DOI 10.1007/BF01487067 BURKE JC, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P233, DOI 10.1007/BF02284721 CAMPBELL CR, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P295, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-295 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CARR EG, 1975, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V3, P331 CARR EG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-297 CARR EG, 1976, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V4, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF00916518 CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 CHARLOP MH, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P89 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V11, P355, DOI 10.1007/BF00914244 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-307 CHARLOP MH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P747, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-747 COE D, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P177, DOI 10.1007/BF02284717 COE DA, 1991, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V13, P13, DOI 10.1300/J019v13n03_02 COHEN M, 1981, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V47, P379 COLEMAN SL, 1974, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V5, P275, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(74)90078-0 DANFORTH JS, 1990, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI, P305 DAVIS CA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P619, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-619 DAVIS CA, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P905, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-905 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 DIETZ SM, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P457, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-457 DUNLAP G, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P619, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-619 DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777 EGEL AL, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P345, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-345 EGEL AL, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-3 EGEL AL, 1984, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V4, P285, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(84)90006-5 ELLIOTT RO, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02206869 EPSTEIN LH, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P385, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-385 FARMERDOUGAN V, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P533, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-533 FAVELL JE, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P225, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-225 FERRARI M, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P339, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-339 FERSTER CB, 1961, CHILD DEV, V32, P437, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1961.tb05042.x FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 FISHER WW, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-447 FOXX RM, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-1 FREEMAN BJ, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P169, DOI 10.1007/BF01537933 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 GOLDSTEIN H, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P209, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-209 HALLE JW, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P431, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-431 HARING TG, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P235, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-235 HARING TG, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P58 HARING TG, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-89 HARRIS KR, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-417 Harris S. L., 1983, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V4, P151 HARRIS SL, 1988, HDB TREATMENT APPROA, P279 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 HAWKINS AH, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P359, DOI 10.1007/BF01538323 HINGTGEN J N, 1972, Schizophrenia Bulletin, V5, P8 HORNER RD, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P301, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-301 HOULIHAN D, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P737, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-737 HUGUENIN NH, 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI, P451 INGENMEY R, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P591, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-591 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 JERENDEEN DL, 1974, 8 ANN M ASS ADV BEHA KAMPS DM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P49, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-49 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KOEGEL LK, 1986, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V51, P24 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 Koegel R. L., 1991, ADV BEHAV ASSESSMENT, P65 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF01495055 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-95 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V24, P299, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(77)90008-X KOEGEL RL, 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUS, P65 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-137 LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 LaVigna G. W., 1986, ALTERNATIVES PUNISHM LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD LOVAAS OI, 1965, J EXP RES PERS, V1, P99 LOVAAS OI, 1966, SCIENCE, V151, P705, DOI 10.1126/science.151.3711.705 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 LOVAAS OI, 1969, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V2, P143, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-143 LOVE SR, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P379, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-379 MACE FC, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P123, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-123 MANGUS B, 1986, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V63, P97 MASON SA, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P171, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-171 MATSON JL, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P361, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90023-2 Matson J. L., 1981, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V1, P197, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(81)90003-9 MATSON JL, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P85, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90031-0 MCEVOY MA, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P193, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-193 MCGEE GG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-17 MCGEE GG, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P117, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-117 MULHERN T, 1969, AM J MENT DEF, V74, P69 *NAT I MENT HLTH, 1975, RES SERV MENT HLTH NEEF NA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P211, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-211 NEVIN JA, 1983, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V39, P49, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1983.39-49 NEWSOM C, 1988, BEHAV ASSESSMENT CHI, P355 NEWSOM C, 1989, TREATMENT CHILDHOOD, P286 ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 OLEARY SG, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P449, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-449 PACE GM, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P249, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-249 PIERCE KL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471 RAGLAND EU, 1978, BEHAV MODIF, V2, P565, DOI 10.1177/014544557824008 REID DH, 1991, HDB MENTAL RETARDATI, P436 REPP AC, 1978, MENT RETARD, V16, P250 RINCOVER A, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P237, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-237 RINCOVER A, 1978, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V87, P541, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.87.5.541 RISLEY TR, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P21, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-21 RISLEY T, 1967, BEHAV RES THER, V5, P73, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90001-0 SASSO GM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P809, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-809 SCHEPIS MM, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P363, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-363 SCHREIBMAN L, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P453, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-453 SCHREIBMAN L, 1977, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V5, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF00915090 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM SCHREIBMAN L, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P475, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90060-1 SCHREIBMAN L, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-129 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 SMITH MD, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P145, DOI 10.1007/BF01531726 SMITH MD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF01531602 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 STEINBORN M, 1982, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V13, P347, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(82)90083-0 STRAIN PS, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P23, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90024-1 STRAIN PS, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF01531291 Sulzer-Azaroff B., 1977, APPL BEHAV ANAL PROC TANNER BA, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P53, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-53 TARAS ME, 1990, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI, P273 TRYON AS, 1986, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V14, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF01260522 VARNI JW, 1979, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V7, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF00924508 Weber R. C., 1989, ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACT, V6, P338 WEISBERG P, 1990, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI WOLERY M, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P149, DOI 10.1007/BF01531601 NR 133 TC 120 Z9 120 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 17 IS 6 BP 433 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00030-3 PG 33 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA VY694 UT WOS:A1996VY69400002 PM 8946569 ER PT J AU Brady, NC AF Brady, NC TI Teaching children with autism, strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP Brady, NC (reprint author), LIFE SPAN INST,PARSONS,KS, USA. CR Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0271-8294 J9 TOP LANG DISORD JI Top. Lang. Disord. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA VN962 UT WOS:A1996VN96200010 ER PT J AU Barik, S deBeaurepaire, R AF Barik, S deBeaurepaire, R TI Evidence for a functional role of the dopamine D3 receptors in the cerebellum SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amisulpride; nafadotride; antipsychotic; locomotor activity; nucleus accumbens ID AMISULPRIDE; LOBULE; AUTISM AB It has recently been shown that the lobules 9 and 10 of the cerebellum contain high densities of dopamine D3 receptors (and almost no D2 receptors [Bouthenet, M.L., Souil, E., Martres, M.P., Sokoloff, P., Giros, B. and Schwartz, J.C., Brain Res., 564 (1991) 203-219; Sokoloff, P., Giros, B., Martres, M.P., Bouthenet, M.L. and Schwartz, J.C., Nature, 347 (1990) 146-151]), and the functional role of this cerebellar dopamine system is unknown. In this study, using microinjections of dopamine receptor ligands into the lobules 9 and 10 of the cerebellum and into the nucleus accumbens, we show that the cerebellar dopamine D3 receptors have a functional role in the regulation of locomotor activity. When microinjected into the lobules 9 and 10 of the cerebellum, amisulpride (a dopamine D2 and D3 antagonist) and nafadotride (a preferential D3 antagonist) dose-dependently alter locomotor activity. At low doses, both agents stimulate locomotor activity, while inhibition is observed at higher doses. Haloperidol(a D2 antagonist) and apomorphine (a dopamine agonist) have no effects at low doses, but decrease locomotor activity at high doses. Similar effects are found in the nucleus accumbens, however the effects are stronger in the nucleus accumbens than in the cerebellum. Therefore, the dopamine D3 receptor system in lobules 9 and 10 of the cerebellum has a functional role, similar but weaker than the D3 receptor system in the nucleus accumbens. C1 CHR UNIV CAEN,PHARMACOL LAB,GRP PSYCHOPHARMACOL EXPT,INSERM U320,F-14032 CAEN,FRANCE. CR Barik S., 1993, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, V19, P101 BOUTHENET ML, 1991, BRAIN RES, V564, P203, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91456-B CAMPBELL M, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1225 Carlsson A., 1975, PRE POSTSYNAPTIC REC, P49 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 DELCKER A, 1990, PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY, V23, P125, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1014494 DOLLFUS S, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P47, DOI 10.1007/BF01046402 EPEMA AH, 1990, EXP BRAIN RES, V80, P72 KANE JM, 1987, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 3, P1103 NASRALLAH HA, 1989, SCHIZOPHREN RES, V2, P125 PAILLEREMARTINOT ML, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P130 Sautel F, 1995, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V275, P1239 SCHWARTZ JC, 1993, CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL, V16, P295, DOI 10.1097/00002826-199308000-00002 SOKOLOFF P, 1990, NATURE, V347, P146, DOI 10.1038/347146a0 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 21 PY 1996 VL 737 IS 1-2 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00964-X PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VR614 UT WOS:A1996VR61400047 PM 8930390 ER PT J AU Frith, U AF Frith, U TI Cognitive explanations of autism SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Sven Jerring Symposium on Children with Functional Disabilities - From Basic Neuroscience to Rehabilitation CY JUN 11-15, 1995 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Sven Jerring Fdn DE autism; Asperger syndrome; cognitive deficit; mind-blindness; executive dysfunction; theory of mind; weak central coherence ID MIND; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYSFUNCTION; INDIVIDUALS AB A brief review of the theory of mind account of autism is presented. A lack of theory of mind in autism is well supported by empirical studies and can explain quite specifically the nature of the social communication impairments. Other characteristic behavioural features of autism, in particular perseveration and rigidity, are tackled by the hypothesis of executive function deficits. The theory of weak central coherence attempts to explain the uneven pattern of intellectual abilities seen in autistic individuals, proposing that they adopt a distinctive cognitive style. It is likely that a number of separate cognitive deficits will be identified and that these will provide clues to the underlying brain abnormalities in autism. C1 UCL, LONDON, ENGLAND. RP Frith, U (reprint author), MRC, COGNIT DEV UNIT, 4 TAVITON ST, LONDON W1CH 0BT, ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, AM PSYCH ASS DIAGN S ASPERGER H, 1944, AUTISTISCHEN PSYCHOP Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BORMANNKISCHKEL C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1243, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01368.x CAPPS L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x DUNCAN J, IN PRESS COGNITIVE N EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE FGE, IN PRESS B J DEV PSY HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HOBSON P, 1993, AUTISM HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 ICD-10, 1992, ICD10 WHO Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KASARI C, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P353, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00997.x KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Sperber D, 1986, RELEVANCE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 85 SU 416 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14280.x PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VY379 UT WOS:A1996VY37900012 ER PT J AU Huynen, KB Lutzker, JR Bigelow, KM Touchette, PE Campbell, RV AF Huynen, KB Lutzker, JR Bigelow, KM Touchette, PE Campbell, RV TI Planned activities training for mothers of children with developmental disabilities - Community generalization and follow-up SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID PARENT EDUCATION PROJECT; HANDICAPPED MOTHERS; BEHAVIOR; LANGUAGE; FAMILIES AB Planned Activities Training (PAT) teaches mothers to plan and structure activities to prevent challenging child behaviors. PAT was evaluated with four mothers of children with developmental disabilities, including autism, Down Syndrome, and ADI-ID. PAT was used independent of any other behavior management techniques to examine its impact on mother and child behaviors, which were examined in addition to ''fidelity'' data on the mothers' implementation of PAT techniques. A multiple probe experimental design across two families with a replication across two more families demonstrated that PAT produced marked improvements in mother and child behavior in three generalization settings. in most cases, mothers' use of PAT procedures more than doubled. Three mothers' appropriate behavior increased from 25% to 40%. Improvements in child behavior ranged from 20% to more than 50%. Intervention gains were maintained at 1, 3, and 6 months. These results suggest that PAT is a useful technique for promoting durable generalization of mother-child skills. C1 UNIV KANSAS,DEPT HUMAN DEV & FAMILY & LIFE,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,CALIF COLL MED,IRVINE,CA 92717. CALIF STATE UNIV LOS ANGELES,DIV ADM & COUNSELING,LOS ANGELES,CA 90032. CR ALLEN JS, 1991, BEHAV THER, V22, P393, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80373-9 ATKINS MS, 1981, HELPING NONCOMPLIANT BAUM CG, 1981, BEHAV THER, V12, P643, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(81)80136-0 BAUMAN KE, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P55, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-55 DACHMAN RS, 1984, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V7, P183 FELDMAN MA, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P23, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-23 FELDMAN MA, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P211, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-211 FELDMAN WS, 1983, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V9, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1983.tb00313.x FOREHAND R, 1974, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V5, P281, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(74)90079-2 GIEBENHAIN JE, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-121 HARROLD M, 1992, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V23, P89, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(92)90006-5 HORNER RD, 1978, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V11, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-189 HUGHES RC, 1989, CHILD FAMILY BEHAV T, V10, P11, DOI 10.1300/J019v10n04_02 Kiesel K., 1989, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V2, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF01100089 LARSON K, 1990, BEHAV RES THER, V28, P119, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90024-D LASKI KE, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P391, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-391 LUTZKER JR, 1988, CHILD FAMILY BEHAV T, V10, P125 LUTZKER JR, 1992, BEHAV CHANGE, V9, P149 LUTZKER JR, 1994, ECOBEHAVIORAL FAMILY LUTZKER JR, 1983, BEHAV THERAPIST, V6, P110 MURPHY TB, 1990, ANN C ASS ADV BEH TH SALLIS JF, 1983, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V6, P175 SANDERS MR, 1984, BEHAV MODIF, V1, P25 SANDERS MR, 1985, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V13, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF00918375 Sanders MR, 1993, BEHAV FAMILY INTERVE SANDERS MR, 1987, CHILD MANAGEMENT TRA SANDERS MR, 1983, BEHAV MODIF, V7, P3, DOI 10.1177/01454455830071001 SANDERS MR, 1987, PLANNED ACTIVITIES T SANDERS MR, 1989, BEHAV MODIF, V13, P283, DOI 10.1177/01454455890133001 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 SZYKULA G, 1990, ANN C ASS ADV BEH TH WILLIAMS BF, 1991, J DEV PHYSICAL DISAB, V3, P385, DOI 10.1007/BF01045948 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 20 IS 4 BP 406 EP 427 DI 10.1177/01454455960204003 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA VM532 UT WOS:A1996VM53200003 PM 8875813 ER PT J AU Carter, AS Gillham, JE Sparrow, SS Volkmar, FR AF Carter, AS Gillham, JE Sparrow, SS Volkmar, FR TI Adaptive behavior in autism. SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SOCIAL DEFICITS; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SCALES; CLASSIFICATION; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS AB The concept of adaptive behavior refers to the capacity of an individual to meet the demands of daily life. Deficits in adaptive behavior are particularly common in autism and represent an important focus of assessment and treatment. A sample case is presented to illustrate this process. C1 YALE UNIV,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. UNIV PENN,DEPT PSYCHOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Carter, AS (reprint author), YALE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,2 HILLHOUSE AVE,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR ADAMS GL, 1984, COMPREHENSIVE TEST A American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDO H, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF02408468 BURACK JA, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P607, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00894.x COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FREEMAN BJ, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P479, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00020 FREEMAN BJ, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P428, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00008 Greenspan SI, 1990, HDB EARLY INTERVENTI, P150 Grossman H. J., 1983, CLASSIFICATION MENTA JACOBSON JW, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P205, DOI 10.1007/BF02284719 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, IN PRESS HDB AUTISM Lovaas O. I., 1977, AUTISTIC CHILD LOVELAND KA, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P84 LOVELAND KA, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P13 Luckasson R., 1992, MENTAL RETARDATION D MACMILLAN DL, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P325 Mullen E. M., 1989, INFANT MULLEN SCALES PERRY A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P41, DOI 10.1007/BF02212717 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P194 RODRIGUE JR, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF02284759 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C SLOAN JL, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01531684 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPARROW SS, 1995, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, V1, P81 SPARROW SS, 1985, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V10, P215, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/10.2.215 SROUFE LA, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P17, DOI 10.2307/1129832 VOLKMAR FR, 1986, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V7, P324, DOI 10.1097/00004703-198610000-00011 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, PSYCHIATRY, V27, P1 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P627, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 ZIGLER H, 1986, UNDERSTANDING MENTAL NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1056-4993 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 945 EP & PG 18 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VP558 UT WOS:A1996VP55800013 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR Klin, A Marans, W Cohen, DJ AF Volkmar, FR Klin, A Marans, W Cohen, DJ TI The pervasive developmental disorders - Diagnosis and assessment SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID III-R CRITERIA; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; RETT-SYNDROME; DSM-IV; DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIOR; ISSUES AB Autism and the other pervasive developmental disorders are particularly frequent among persons with mental retardation. Issues about diagnosis and assessment of these conditions are reviewed. The importance of a long-term collaborative relationship with parents is emphasized. Given the multiple needs of children, adolescents, and adults with these conditions, multidisciplinary collaboration is particularly important. RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE CHILD STUDY CTR,BOX 207900,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BISHOP DVM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P705 BURACK JA, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P607, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00894.x COHEN DJ, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60228-4 DEYKIN EY, 1979, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P1310 FREEMAN BJ, 1981, PSYCHOL REP, V49, P199 HAGERMAN RJ, 1990, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V3, P218 Heller T, 1908, Z ERFORSCHUNG BEHAND, V2, P141 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x KLIN A, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V3, P131 KLIN A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P15, DOI 10.1007/BF01066416 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MATESE M, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF02172214 MORGAN SB, 1984, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V5, P78 OLSSON B, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P429 PARKS SL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P255, DOI 10.1007/BF01531565 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 Rett A, 1966, Wien Med Wochenschr, V116, P723 RIMLAND B, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P161, DOI 10.1007/BF01537955 Ruttenberg B. A., 1977, BEHAV RATING INSTRUM RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P379, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01170.x SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SCOTT S, 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P616 SIEGEL B, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P542, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00013 TOWBIN K, 1996, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE TSAI LY, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P551, DOI 10.1007/BF01046327 Volkmar F., 1996, PSYCHOSES PERVASIVE VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P657, DOI 10.1007/BF01046334 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1056-4993 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 963 EP & PG 16 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VP558 UT WOS:A1996VP55800014 ER PT J AU Yirmiya, N Shulman, G AF Yirmiya, N Shulman, G TI Seriation, conservation, and theory of mind abilities in individuals with autism, individuals with mental retardation, and normally developing children SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SIMILAR STRUCTURE HYPOTHESIS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; NONRETARDED PERSONS; DOWN-SYNDROME; FALSE BELIEF; PERFORMANCE; TASK; KNOWLEDGE; DECEPTION; COMMUNICATION AB Seriation, conservation, and theory of mind abilities were examined in individuals with autism (N = 16), mental retardation (N = 16), and in normally developing children (N = 16). Seriation tasks included seriation of tubes, blocks, and flat squares. Conservation tasks included conservation of area, number, substance, quantity, and weight. Theory of mind tasks involved predicting false belief and understanding value and fact beliefs. Participants with autism performed better than participants with mental retardation on seriation, while no differences emerged between these groups on conservation and false belief. Individuals with autism performed less well than individuals with mental retardation on the value and fact belief tasks; however, when verbal ability was held as a covariant, the difference was no longer significant. Normally developing children performed better than the other two groups on all tasks. These results suggest that autism does not involve a specific impairment in theory of mind and that theory of mind deficits are not unique to autism. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PSYCHOL,MT SCOPUS,IL-91905 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1986, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P113 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 Beeghly M., 1990, CHILDREN DOWN SYNDRO, P329, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511581786.011 BENSON G, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P427 BURACK JA, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P765, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00752.x Cole M, 1981, COMP STUDIES PEOPLE DODD B, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P306 EISENMAJER R, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P351 FLAVELL JH, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P915, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02831.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1991, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V14, P433, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90041-R Goldschmid M. L., 1968, CONCEPT ASSESSMENT K GOPNIK A, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P1 HALA S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01516.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HODAPP RM, 1992, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P39 HOGREFE GJ, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P567, DOI 10.2307/1130337 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1949, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V19, P416 KASARI C, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P55 KINGMA J, 1984, J GENET PSYCHOL, V144, P241 KRUG BA, 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEEKAM SR, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P203, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90025-Y LESLIE AM, 1987, COGNITION, V27, P291, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(87)80014-8 MESIBOV GB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P538, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198907000-00012 MUNDY P, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P235, DOI 10.2307/1130406 OSWALD DP, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF02212723 Ozonoff S., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P199 PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PRIOR M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P587, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x REED T, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P555, DOI 10.1007/BF02216060 ROHR A, 1978, AM PSYCHOL, V33, P789 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SODIAN B, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00893.x TEAL MB, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P485, DOI 10.1007/BF01531713 Ungerer JA, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P75 WEISS B, 1986, PSYCHOL BULL, V100, P157, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.100.2.157 WEISZ JR, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V90, P153, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.153 YIRMIYA N, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P263, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004570 YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 49 TC 22 Z9 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2045 EP 2059 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01842.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WE655 UT WOS:A1996WE65500009 PM 9022228 ER PT J AU Rogers, SJ Bennetto, L McEvoy, R Pennington, BF AF Rogers, SJ Bennetto, L McEvoy, R Pennington, BF TI Imitation and pantomime in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NORMAL-CHILDREN; MIND; EXPRESSION; DEFICITS; BEHAVIOR; APRAXIA AB A study was designed to test 2 alternative hypotheses-a symbolic hypothesis and an executive function hypothesis-for the imitation and pantomime deficits found in previous studies of autism. The subjects were 17 adolescent high-functioning subjects with autism spectrum disorders and 15 clinical comparison subjects who were matched on chronological age and verbal IQ. Meaning and sequence were manipulated in facial and manual imitation tasks. Sequence was manipulated in the pantomime and control tasks. Recognition memory and motor control tasks were matched to the experimental tasks. The results provided no support for the symbolic deficit hypothesis; meaning aided rather than hindered the performance of the group with autism. Partial support for the executive deficit hypothesis was found. There were no group differences on motor control tasks, and few on the memory control tasks, arguing against deficits in motor initiation, basic motor coordination, or visual recognition memory. C1 UNIV DENVER, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. RP Rogers, SJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PSYCHIAT, BOX B148, 4200 E 9TH, DENVER, CO 80262 USA. CR Ayres A., 1985, DEV DYSPRAXIA ADULT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 Bennetto L, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1816, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01830.x CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 DEMYER MK, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P264, DOI 10.1007/BF01537618 DERENZI E, 1988, BRAIN, V111, P1173, DOI 10.1093/brain/111.5.1173 DERENZI E, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P6 HAMMES JGW, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P331, DOI 10.1007/BF01531515 Heilman KM, 1979, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P159 HERTZIG ME, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P195, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00008 HOLLINGSHEAD AB, 1975, UNPUB 4 FACTOR INDEX HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P496 Izard C.E., 1971, FACE EMOTION JONES V, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P37, DOI 10.1007/BF01837897 KIMBERG DY, 1993, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V122, P411, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.122.4.411 KIMURA D, 1974, BRAIN, V97, P337, DOI 10.1093/brain/97.1.337 KOLB B, 1981, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V19, P505, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(81)90017-8 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LHERMITTE F, 1983, BRAIN, V106, P237, DOI 10.1093/brain/106.2.237 LOVELAND KA, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P433, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006039 MATEER C, 1977, BRAIN LANG, V4, P262, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(77)90022-0 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 MITCHELL SK, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P376, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.376 MORGAN SB, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00287.x Morton J., 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, P357 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 OREILLY AW, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P999, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00918.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PENNINGTON BF, 1994, MAC FDN MEN, P243 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 Stern D., 1985, INTERPERSONAL WORLD Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd NR 39 TC 130 Z9 134 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 2060 EP 2073 DI 10.2307/1131609 PG 14 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA WE655 UT WOS:A1996WE65500010 PM 9022229 ER PT J AU Moore, C AF Moore, C TI Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind - BaronCohen,S SO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Book Review ID EVOLUTION; BRAIN RP Moore, C (reprint author), DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P513 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Barresi J, 1996, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V19, P107 Blumer D., 1975, PSYCHIAT ASPECTS NEU, P151 Bruner J. S., 1975, J CHILD LANG, V2, P1, DOI 10.1017/S0305000900000866 Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING BUSS DM, 1995, PSYCHOL INQ, V6, P1, DOI 10.1207/s15327965pli0601_1 Byrne R. W., 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL COSMIDES L, 1989, COGNITION, V31, P187, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 COURCHESNE E, 1994, AM J ROENTGENOL, V162, P123 Damasio A., 1994, DESCARTES ERROR EMOT Dennet D., 1987, INTENTIONAL STANCE Dennett D. C., 1995, DARWINS DANGEROUS ID FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R Fodor Jerry A., 1983, MODULARITY MIND Gould SJ, 1979, P ROY SOC LONDON, V205, P281, DOI 10.1098/rspb.1979.0086 Harlow J. M., 1868, PUBLICATIONS MASSACH, V2, P327 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 Humphrey N., 1984, CONSCIOUSNESS REGAIN Humphrey N.K., 1976, GROWING POINTS ETHOL JACOB F, 1977, SCIENCE, V196, P1161, DOI 10.1126/science.860134 JERISON HJ, 1991, BRAIN SIZE EVOLUTION MARMILOFFSMITH A, 1992, MODULARITY DEV PERSP Milton K., 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL Moore C, 1996, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V14, P19 MOORE C, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P661 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Parker S. T., 1990, LANGUAGE INTELLIGENC PERRETT DI, 1994, CAH PSYCHOL COGN, V13, P683 Pinker S, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P451 PINKER S, 1994, LANGUAGE INSTINCT MI POVINELLI D, 1996, THEORIES THEORIES MI POVINELLI DJ, 1996, Q REV BIOL Premack D., 1978, BEHAVIORAL BRAIN SCI, V1, P516 PRICE BH, 1990, BRAIN, V113, P1383, DOI 10.1093/brain/113.5.1383 QUARTZ SR, IN PRESS BEHAV BRAIN ROSE MR, 1980, HUM ECOL, V8, P285, DOI 10.1007/BF01561028 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 TOMASELLO M, 1993, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V16, P495 TOMASELLO M, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P131, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90021-7 Tomasello M., 1992, SOCIAL DEV, V1, P67, DOI [10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x, DOI 10.1111/1467-9507.EP12953134] Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 Tooby John, 1992, ADAPTED MIND EVOLUTI, P19 Trevathan W. A., 1987, HUMAN BIRTH EVOLUTIO TRIVERS RL, 1971, Q REV BIOL, V46, P35, DOI 10.1086/406755 Waterhouse L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P457, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.457 Whiten Andrew, 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 PU ABLEX PUBL CORP PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD NO.2, PO BOX 5297, GREENWICH, CT 06831-0504 SN 0885-2014 J9 COGNITIVE DEV JI Cogn. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 605 EP 621 DI 10.1016/S0885-2014(96)90019-2 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA VZ916 UT WOS:A1996VZ91600006 ER PT J AU Upledger, JE AF Upledger, JE TI An overview of CranioSacral Therapy: Its origin and its applications for newborns and infants SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE autism; Caesarean section; colic; craniosacral system; CranioSacral Therapy; dura mater; dyslexia; learning disabilities; Pressurestat Model; vacuum assisted deliveries AB CranioSacral Therapy is a gentle and noninvasive, hands-on modality that research has proven effective to identify a number of disorders affecting children, such as dyslexia, hyperkinetic behavior, and motor-control problems. CranioSacral Therapy also is effective in alleviating many of these conditions when they are caused by restrictions to the craniosacral system, which operates as a semiclosed hydraulic system encompassing the brain and spinal cord. The author concludes that the few minutes necessary to conduct a craniosacral system evaluation in the delivery room, nursery, or shortly after birth is a worthwhile investment in the child's future health and well-being. C1 AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NOVA SE UNIV,COLL OSTEOPATH MED,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. UPLEDGER INST INC,PALM BEACH GARDENS,FL. RP Upledger, JE (reprint author), NEW YORK ACAD SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. CR KARNI Z, 1980, ISRAEL I TECHNOLOGY KARNI Z, 1978, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS RETZLAFF E, 1976, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS RETZLAFF E, 1979, ANAT REC RETZLAFF E, 1979, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS RETZLAFF E, 1978, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS ROPPEL RM, 1976, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS UPLEDGER J, 1987, CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY, V2 UPLEDGER JE, 1988, MASSAGE THER J UPLEDGER JE, 1982, CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY UPLEDGER JE, 1977, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS UPLEDGER JE, 1978, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS UPLEDGER JE, 1992, CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY UPLEDGER JE, 1996, BRAIN IS BORN UPLEDGER JE, 1983, OSTEOPATH ANN UPLEDGER JE, 1980, ADVOCATE UPLEDGER JE, 1979, J AM OSTEOPATH ASS UPLEDGER JE, 1982, J APPL NUTR UPLEDGER JE, 1990, SOMATOEMOTIONAL RELE UPLEDGER JE, 1989, J ALTERNATIVE MED VREDEVOOGD J, 1979, OSTEOPATH ANN NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 9 IS 2 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA VJ595 UT WOS:A1996VJ59500009 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Jay, SM AF Cohen, D Jay, SM TI Autistic barriers in the psychoanalysis of borderline adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERENCE; KNOWLEDGE AB The authors discuss Frances Tustin's work on childhood autism in order to clarify the nature and protective function of autistic barriers in adult patients who present challenging resistances in treatment. Tustin's thesis is that childhood autism constitutes a massive formation of avoidance reactions that develop in infancy to ward off traumatic awareness of bodily separateness. She describes two forms of childhood pathology that may develop: the encapsulated child who defends against all 'not me' experience by means of self-generated bodily sensations that augment the illusion of complete bodily continuity with the mother; and the entangled child who generates a protective illusion of being enfolded inside the body of the mother to minimise the experience of separateness. The transference resistances of borderline adults can be categorised according to Tustin's typology of encapsulation and entanglement. Clinical material is presented from the analyses of two borderline patients, one encapsulated and the other entangled Despite seemingly different transference manifestations both belong to the category of autistic barriers inasmuch as they ward off awareness of separation-induced injury to the primal self The countertransference difficulties that the analyst encounters with patients who employ autistic barriers are discussed and treatment issues are reviewed. CR Baron-Cohen S., 1992, PSYCHOLOGIST, V5, P9 Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM CIARANELLO AL, 1995, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V18, P101 Fairbairn W. R. D., 1952, PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDI Freud S, 1920, STANDARD EDITION, V18 Freud S., 1900, SE, V4 Freud Sigmund, 1915, STANDARD EDITION, V14 Frith U, 1989, EXPLAINING ENIGMA GILL MM, 1979, J AM PSYCHOANAL ASS, V27, P263 GOLDEN GK, 1994, CLIN SOC WORK J, V22, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF02190283 GOMBEROFF MJ, 1990, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V71, P249 GROTSTEIN J, 1997, IN PRESS MEMORIAL TR GROTSTEIN JS, 1990, CONTEMP PSYCHOANAL, V26, P377 Guntrip H., 1969, SCHIZOID PHENOMENA O Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOBSON RP, 1990, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V63, P199 HOBSON RP, 1990, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V60, P324, DOI 10.1037/h0079169 HOBSON RP, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P114, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.114 INNESSMITH J, 1987, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V68, P405 JOSEPH B, 1975, TACTICS TECHNIQUES P, V2, P205 Kernberg O., 1975, BORDERLINE CONDITION KLEIN S, 1980, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V61, P395 LESLIE AM, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.122 MITRANI JL, 1992, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V73, P549 Ogden T, 1989, PRIMITIVE EDGE EXPER PAUL D, 1983, AM PSYCH ASS AUG AN Racker H, 1968, TRANSFERENCE COUNTER RILEY C, 1995, S JAY AUT BARR PSYCH RILEY C, 1992, NAT C COMM PSYCH SOC ROSENFELD D, 1992, PSYCHOTIC ASPECTS PE Schafer R., 1983, ANAL ATTITUDE SYMINGTON N, 1994, FAIRBAIRN ORIGINS OB, P211 Tustin F, 1986, AUTISTIC BARRIERS NE TUSTIN F, 1984, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V11, P279 Tustin F., 1981, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL TUSTIN F, 1980, INT REV PSYCHOANAL, V7, P27 TUSTIN F, 1992, AUTISTTIC STATES CHI Tustin F, 1990, PROTECTIVE SHELL CHI WINICOTT D, 1965, MATURATIONAL PROCESS, P56 Winnicott D. W., 1986, HOLDING INTERPRETATI Winnicott D. W., 1974, INT REV PSYCHO-ANAL, V1, P103 Winnicott D. W., 1975, PAEDIAT PSYCHOANALYS, P229 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 PU INST PSYCHO-ANALYSIS PI LONDON PA 63 NEW CAVENDISH STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 7RD SN 0020-7578 J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL JI Int. J. Psycho-Anal. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 77 BP 913 EP 933 PN 5 PG 21 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA VR162 UT WOS:A1996VR16200005 PM 8933218 ER PT J AU McArthur, D Adamson, LB AF McArthur, D Adamson, LB TI Joint attention in preverbal children: Autism and developmental language disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-Development CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1995 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Soc Res Child Dev ID COMMUNICATION; INFANCY; TESTS AB For preverbal children, episodes of joint attention are contexts for communication with responsive adults. This study describes the joint attention of 3- to 5-year-old children, 15 with autistic disorder (AD) and 15 with developmental language disorder (DLD), during play sessions with unfamiliar adults. Adults used fewer conventional than literal bids for joint attention with AD children and vice versa with DLD children. Children with AD were less likely to engage in joint attention than children with DLD. In the allocation of attention, AD children monitored the channel of communication with the adult 37% less often than DLD children. We discuss how perturbations in reciprocal interactions permeate the sharing situation and the implications of this problem for the mastery of cultural conventions. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CR ADAMSON L, 1995, COMMUNICATION DEV IN Adamson L. B., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P205 ADAMSON LB, 1984, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V7, P467, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80006-5 Adamson L.B., 1991, ANN CHILD DEV, V8, P1 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT *AUT LANG DIS NOS, 1996, PRESCH CHILDR IN COM BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Bruner J. S., 1983, CHILDS TALK LEARNING BUTTERWORTH G, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P55 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 CURCIO F, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01539631 ERNER H, 1963, SYMBOL FORMATION FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD Greenspan S. I., 1992, INFANCY EARLY CHILDH JONES SS, 1991, PSYCHOL SCI, V2, P45, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00095.x LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 NEWSON J, 1975, B BRIT PSYCHOL SOC, V28, P437 OBRIEN RG, 1979, J AM STAT ASSOC, V74, P877, DOI 10.2307/2286416 OLEJNIK SF, 1987, J EDUC STAT, V12, P45 RICHER J, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P47 PAUL R, 1991, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V12, P419, DOI 10.1017/S0142716400005853 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL Thorndike RHE, 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 TUKEY JW, 1953, UNPUB PROBLEM MULTIP Vygotsky L. S., 1981, CONCEPT ACTIVITY SOV, P144 WATERHOUSE L, 1987, 1 INT S SPEC SPEECH WETHERBY AM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P364 Wiggins J. S., 1973, PERSONALITY PREDICTI WING L, 1985, WORKSH DEV LANG DEL NR 38 TC 46 Z9 47 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 481 EP 496 DI 10.1007/BF02172271 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100002 PM 8906451 ER PT J AU Beck, AR Pirovano, CM AF Beck, AR Pirovano, CM TI Facilitated communicators' performance on a task of receptive language SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; HYPERLEXIA AB Most controlled studies of facilitated communication (FC) have not validated it. One task, however on which positive effects of FC have been demonstrated without facilitator influence is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-R (PPVT-R). The present study investigated if the use of FC could be validated for either a group of subjects with autism or a group with severe to profound cognitive impairments, on the PPVT-R when facilitators were effectively screened from all visual and auditory stimuli. Additionally, the effect of mode of input-auditory or visual-on subjects' performance wits investigated. Results did not validate the use of FC for the administration of the PPVT-R nor did they show any notable advantage of one mode of input over another. C1 SHARED THERAPEUT SERV,MILWAUKEE,WI. RP Beck, AR (reprint author), ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,NORMAL,IL 61761, USA. CR Beukelman DR, 1992, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA Biklen D, 1991, DISABILITY HANDICAP, V6, P161, DOI 10.1080/02674649166780231 BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 CALCULATOR S, 1992, AM J SPEECH LANGUAGE, V1, P23 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 Calculator S. N., 1995, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V4, P49 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V1, P18 CHADWICK M, 1993, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V1, P3 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FRIEDOKEN M, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P200 GOLDBERG TE, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01487258 GRANDIN T, 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A Green G., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC KALLSTOM S, 1993, ASS BEHAV AN CONV CH MIRENDA P, 1988, AGUMENTATIVE COMMUNI Oswald D. P., 1994, J BEHAV ED, V4, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01544112 Shane H. C., 1994, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V3, P48 SNOWLING M, 1986, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V42, P392, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90033-0 TIROSH E, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P84 WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 WHITEHOUSE D, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF02409579 1995, ASHA S14, V37, P22 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 497 EP 512 DI 10.1007/BF02172272 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100003 PM 8906452 ER PT J AU Sponheim, E AF Sponheim, E TI Changing criteria of autistic disorders: A comparison of the ICD-10 research criteria and DSM-IV with DSM-III-R, CARS, and ABC SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; CLASSIFICATION AB Revised versions of diagnostic manuals, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) all operate with several subgroups in the autistic spectrum. Five of the subgroups are identical in the two manuals, but ICD-10 contains five in addition. 132 children were diagnosed using ICD-IO, DSM-IV: DSM-III-R, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the Autistic Behavior Checklist (ABC). Five out of ten alternative subgroups of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) were identified in a population of developmentally impaired children. These subgroups were the same in the two manuals; the additional ones in ICD-IO were not identified. With the exception of the groups Disintegrative Disorder and Rett syndrome, significant differences were found between all the subgroups within the PDD spectrum and between the PDD group and the non-PDD group. Some problems connected with the guidelines in the ICD-10 manual are discussed. RP Sponheim, E (reprint author), NATL CTR CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,SOGNSVANNSVN 53-67,PB 26,N-0319 OSLO,NORWAY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT GARFIN DG, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P367, DOI 10.1007/BF02212193 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V9, P499 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x HAGBERG BA, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P5, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90082-5 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408 RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SEVIN JA, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P417, DOI 10.1007/BF02206868 TSAI LY, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P551, DOI 10.1007/BF01046327 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02211820 *WHO, 1989, ICD 10 MENTAL BEHAV, pCH5 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YRMIYA N, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P281 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.1007/BF02172273 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100004 PM 8906453 ER PT J AU CharlopChristy, MH Haymes, LK AF CharlopChristy, MH Haymes, LK TI Using obsessions as reinforcers with and without mild reductive procedures to decrease inappropriate behaviors of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR; DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT; INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; PUNISHMENT; ADULT AB We assessed the effectiveness of using the obsessions of children with autism to reduce their inappropriate behaviors. Baseline consisted of a traditional differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) in which food reinforcers were provided contingent upon a period of nonoccurrence of the inappropriate behaviors. Then, three treatment conditions were assessed using a multielement design. One condition provided objects of obsession as reinforcers for periods of nonoccurrence of the inappropriate behaviors. A second condition also provided the obsessions as reinforcers, but in conjunction, with mild reductive procedures (verbal ''no': time-out). A final condition used the food reinforcers of baseline, but with mild reductive procedures. Results indicated that all three treatment conditions were more effective than the traditional food DRO of baseline, The most effective condition was the obsessions plus mild reductive procedures. Results ave discussed in terms of recommendations for effective treatment planning. C1 CLAREMONT GRAD SCH,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. RP CharlopChristy, MH (reprint author), CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,850 COLUMBIA AVE,CLAREMONT,CA 91711, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th AZRIN NH, 1975, BEHAV RES THER, V13, P101, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(75)90004-2 AZRIN NH, 1965, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V8, P31, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1965.8-31 BUCHER B, 1968, MIAM S PRED BEHAV 19, P77 CHARLOP MH, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163 CHARLOP MH, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V231, P89 DORSEY MF, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V183, P343 EPSTEIN LJ, 1985, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V13, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF00910648 FOXX RM, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-1 HANDEN BL, 1984, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V15, P359, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(84)90102-2 HUNT HF, 1955, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V48, P305, DOI 10.1037/h0042529 KELLY JF, 1970, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V14, P153, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1970.14-153 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 LOVAAS I, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-45 LOVAAS OI, 1969, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V2, P143, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-143 LUISELLI JK, 1983, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V14, P343, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(83)90078-2 MACE FC, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V189, P79 MATSON JL, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P85, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90031-0 MISCHEL W, 1966, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V3, P197, DOI 10.1037/h0022883 MORRIS EK, 1975, CHILD DEV, V46, P525 OBRIEN S, 1990, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V15, P148 PREMACK D, 1959, PSYCHOL REV, V66, P219, DOI 10.1037/h0040891 SMITH MD, 1987, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V18, P285, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(87)90012-7 TANNER BA, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P53, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-53 WOOLERY M, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P149 YOUNG JA, 1974, BEHAV THER, V5, P614 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 527 EP 546 DI 10.1007/BF02172274 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100005 PM 8906454 ER PT J AU Luscre, DM Center, DB AF Luscre, DM Center, DB TI Procedures for reducing dental fear in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB Children with autism are often unable to tolerate dental examinations because of fear associated with sights and sounds in the dental operatory. This study applies procedures commonly used to reduce phobic behavior in otherwise normal persons and individuals with mental retardation, to dental fear in children with autism. Three male subjects were desensitized to a dental exam by the experimenter who paired the anxiety-causing event with stronger stimuli that elicited anxiety-antagonistic responses. Application of the treatment package resulted in successful completion of the steps in a dental exam in an analog setting, and a clinically significant increase in the number of steps completed in vivo. This study demonstrates that children with autism can be trained to cooperate during a dental exam. RP Luscre, DM (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Braff M., 1979, J DENT CHILD, V46, P404 BURKHART N, 1984, DENT HYGIENE, P59 Butts J E, 1967, J Public Health Dent, V27, P195, DOI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1967.tb03914.x CENTER D, 1989, CURRICULUM TEACHING HEMSLEY R, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P392 HOWLIN P, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P308, DOI 10.1007/BF01538540 HOWLING P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C, P91 JACKSON HJ, 1982, BEHAV PSYCHOTHER, V10, P364 Kamen S, 1985, Spec Care Dentist, V5, P20, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1985.tb00928.x KOPEL H, 1977, J DENT CHILDREN, P302 LACAMARA R, 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P584 LOVE SR, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P379, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-379 Lowe O., 1987, SPECIAL CARE DENT, V7, P267, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1987.tb00665.x LOWE O, 1985, J DENT CHILDREN, P29 LUISELLI JK, 1978, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V9, P169, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(78)90065-4 MILAN MA, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P253, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-253 Starks D., 1985, EXCEPTIONAL PARE JUL, P13 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 40 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.1007/BF02172275 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100006 PM 8906455 ER PT J AU Eaves, LC Ho, HH AF Eaves, LC Ho, HH TI Brief report: Stability and change in cognitive and behavioral characteristics of autism through childhood SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; PUBERTY RP Eaves, LC (reprint author), SUNNY HILL HLTH CTR CHILDREN,DEPT PSYCHOL,3644 SLOCAN ST,VANCOUVER,BC V5M 3E8,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAGENHOLM A, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P291 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BARTAK L, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P241 Bayley N., 1969, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT DEMEYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V3, P199 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EAVES LC, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02172209 FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 FREEMAN BJ, 1993, ADVOCATE GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P365 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO KOBAYASHI R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF01048242 Leiter R. G., 1979, LEITER INT PERFORMAN LOCKYER L, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LORD C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x Lotter V., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P475 LOTTER V, 1974, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V4, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02115232 MESIBOV GB, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P227 Paul R., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P121 RITVO EP, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V4, P146 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SIEGEL B, 1991, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V38, P53 SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 THOMDIKE RL, 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL VENTER A, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1 Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P714 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF01046103 WATERHOUSE L, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P236, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00287.x Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 26 IS 5 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1007/BF02172276 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VN911 UT WOS:A1996VN91100007 PM 8906456 ER PT J AU LeCouteur, A Bailey, A Goode, S Pickles, A Robertson, S Gottesman, I Rutter, M AF LeCouteur, A Bailey, A Goode, S Pickles, A Robertson, S Gottesman, I Rutter, M TI A broader phenotype of autism: The clinical spectrum in twins SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; twins; broader phenotype; genetics ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FAMILY HISTORY; FRAGILE-X; CHILDREN; PARENTS; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; SIBLINGS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PERSONALITY AB The diagnostic boundaries of the behavioural phenotype for autism were examined in 28 MZ pairs and 20 DZ same-sex twin pairs, where one or both twins had autism. In the non-autistic cotwin (i.e. in twin pairs discordant for autism) it was common to find language impairments in childhood and social deficits persisting into adulthood. Concordance for this broader phenotype was much greater in MZ pairs than DZ pairs, indicating a strong genetic component. Behavioural and cognitive manifestations of autism were compared both within and between MZ twin pairs. The variation was as great within MZ twin pairs as between pairs, suggesting that it does not index genetic heterogeneity (although aetiological heterogeneity probably exists). Current diagnostic practices need reevaluation. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 INST PSYCHIAT,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. ST GEORGE HOSP,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP LeCouteur, A (reprint author), ACAD DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,FLEMING NUFFIELD UNIT,BURDON TERRACE,NEWCASTLE TYNE NE2 3AE,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND. RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; G, I/D-8042-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x BAIRD TD, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01531501 BOLTON P, 1992, 9 C EUR SOC CHILD AD BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Cantwell D., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P2 CANTWELL DP, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P269 CAREY G, 1981, WHAT IS CASE, P29 COMINGS DE, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V39, P180, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390213 CONGER AJ, 1980, PSYCHOL BULL, V88, P322, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.322 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL ENDICOTT J, 1978, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V35, P837 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, NATURE, V265, P726, DOI 10.1038/265726a0 FOLSTEIN S, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P291 FOMBONNE E, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY GILLBERG C, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P389 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x GOLDSMITH HH, 1995, FRONTIERS DEV PSYCHO Gottesman I.I., 1972, SCHIZOPHRENIA GENETI GOTTESMAN II, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P867 HOWLIN P, 1987, LANGUAGE DEV DISORDE Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C HUNTLEY M, 1987, REYNELL DEV LANGUAGE JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 KOEGEL RL, 1983, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V51, P683 LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LECOUTEUR A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P458 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 PICKLES A, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P717 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 Raven J. C., 1982, MANUAL RAVENS PROGR RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x Rutter M., 1994, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P569 RUTTER M, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01916.x Rutter M, 1988, DIAGNOSIS ASSESSMENT, P239 RUTTER M, 1993, NATURE NURTURE PSYCH, P269, DOI 10.1037/10131-013 Smalley S. L., 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P958 SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x Stutsman R., 1931, MENTAL MEASUREMENT P SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V26, P156 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 WOLFF S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00699.x Woodhouse W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P665, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 53 TC 249 Z9 252 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 37 IS 7 BP 785 EP 801 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VR774 UT WOS:A1996VR77400003 PM 8923222 ER PT J AU Brian, JA Bryson, SE AF Brian, JA Bryson, SE TI Disembedding performance and recognition memory in autism/PDD SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism/PDD; central coherence; Embedded Figures Test ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS AB This study explored the claim that superior disembedding performance in autism reflects ''less capture by meaning'' and/or reduced ''central coherence'' [Shah & Frith, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 24, 613-620 (1983); Shah & Frith, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 34, 1351-1364 (1993)]. Meaningless as well as meaningful disembedding contexts were used, and memory for contextual information was examined. Neither qualitative (search strategy) nor quantitative (RT or accuracy) data indicated that high-functioning individuals with autism/PDD were superior to younger, developmentally matched controls. For both groups, disembedding was slowest from meaningful contexts, which generally were remembered best. No evidence was provided for ''less capture by meaning'' or reduced ''central coherence'' in autism/PDD, raising the possibility that earlier findings reflect a developmental, rather than a stable autism-specific, phenomenon. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. RP Brian, JA (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,205 BEHAV SCI BLDG,4700 KEELE ST,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. CR AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anderson J., 1985, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL IT BOWER GH, 1975, MEM COGNITION, V3, P216, DOI 10.3758/BF03212900 BRYSON SE, 1983, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V92, P250, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.92.2.250 BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 BRYSON SE, IN PRESS ATTENTION D CHAO LL, 1980, INTRO STAT Cohen J., 1969, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA COLLYER CE, 1986, ANAL VARIANCE BASIC Courchesne E., 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D, P101 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ESKES GA, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206857 FEIN D, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02284723 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1970, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V10, P120, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(70)90049-4 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V58, P213 HERMELIN B, 1971, J SPEC EDUC, V5, P107 OCONNOR N, 1967, J MENT DEFIC RES, V11, P126 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1015, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RAVEN JC, 1969, STANDARD PROGR MATRI ROCK I, 1990, SCI AM DEC, P84 Sacks Oliver, 1985, MAN MISTOOK HIS WIFE Selfe L., 1978, NADIA CASE EXTRAORDI SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x STEIN NL, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P1544 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 WILTSHIRE S, 1991, AM DREAMS Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU World Health Organisation, 1978, INT CLASS DIS NR 34 TC 75 Z9 78 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 37 IS 7 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01482.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VR774 UT WOS:A1996VR77400010 PM 8923229 ER PT J AU Happe, FGE AF Happe, FGE TI Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; central coherence; visual illusions; perception ID MIND AB While anecdotal reports of abnormal perceptual experiences in autism abound, there have been to date no experimental studies showing fundamental perceptual peculiarities. The present paper reports results from a first study of low-level visual integration in autism. Twenty-five subjects with autism, 21 normal 7- and 8-year-olds, and 26 children with learning difficulties were asked to make simple judgements about six well-known visual illusions. Two conditions were used, in an attempt to explore group differences; standard two-dimensional black and white line drawings, and the same figures augmented with raised coloured lines. The subjects with autism were less likely to succumb to the two-dimensional illusions than were the other groups, and were less aided by the three-dimensional 'disembedded' condition. These striking results are discussed with reference to the 'central coherence' account of autism. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. RP Happe, FGE (reprint author), MRC,COGNIT DEV UNIT,4 TAVITON ST,LONDON WC1H 0BT,ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baron-Cohen S., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P85 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GRANDIN T, 1984, J ORTHOMOL MED, V13, P144 GREGORY R, 1967, EYE BRAIN HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE F, IN PRESS BRIT J DEV Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L. E. L., 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P55 RIMLAND B, 1984, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V1, P155 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WHITE BB, 1987, MED HYPOTHESES, V24, P223, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(87)90068-5 Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE NR 21 TC 209 Z9 212 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 37 IS 7 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01483.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VR774 UT WOS:A1996VR77400011 PM 8923230 ER PT J AU Giangreco, CA Steele, MW Aston, CE Cummins, JH Wenger, SL AF Giangreco, CA Steele, MW Aston, CE Cummins, JH Wenger, SL TI A simplified six-item checklist for screening for fragile X syndrome in the pediatric population SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; MALES; BOYS AB Objective: In our general experience, about 2% of samples referred for fragile X testing showed positive results on Southern blot analysis. The aim of this project was to determine whether screening criteria could be developed to increase the proportion of positive test results without sacrificing sensitivity. Study design: We retrospectively analyzed nine clinical characteristics from patient records of 273 male and 62 female pediatric probands (average age, 5.7 years) referred for fragile X testing. The characteristics included mental retardation, family history of mental retardation, large or prominent ears, elongated face, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic-like behavior, simian crease, macroorchidism, and hyperextensible joints. These were scored as 2 if present, 1 if borderline present, and 0 if absent. Results: Analysis of the nine characteristics identified three (simian crease, macroorchidism, and hyperextensible joints) with low frequency and statistical insignificance, which were therefore eliminated. With the use of the remaining six characteristics, if a score of 5 or more was used as the criterion for requesting fragile X testing, then close to 60% of those tests from our patient population could have been eliminated without missing any positive cases. The validity of our threshold score of 5 was subsequently confirmed among an additional six cases of fragile X syndrome. Conclusion: With our simplified six-item clinical checklist, 60% of testing could have been eliminated, thereby improving the cost-effectiveness of fragile X testing and increasing the proportion of Cases with positive results by threefold. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH, CHILDRENS HOSP PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, DIV MED GENET, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, DEPT HUMAN GENET, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. CR BUTLER MG, 1991, CLIN GENET, V39, P347 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P47, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 FREUND LS, 1994, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V6, P34 FRYNS JP, 1984, CLIN GENET, V25, P131 HAGERMAN RJ, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P359, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230128 HAGERMAN RJ, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P283, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380223 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V93, P992 LAING S, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P256, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380219 LARGO RH, 1985, EUR J PEDIATR, V143, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF00442299 NOLIN SL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P351 PAYTON JB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P417, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00019 THAKE A, 1985, ARCH DIS CHILD, V60, P1001 WARREN ST, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P536, DOI 10.1001/jama.271.7.536 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 129 IS 4 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70130-0 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VP565 UT WOS:A1996VP56500022 PM 8859272 ER PT J AU Fischer, KM AF Fischer, KM TI Genes for Prader Willi Syndrome Angelman syndrome and fragile X syndrome are homologous, with genetic imprinting and unstable trinucleotide repeats causing mental retardation, autism and aggression SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Review ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; PROVIDES EVIDENCE; TRIPLET REPEATS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MICE LACKING; HUMAN GENOME AB Genes for Prader Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome are homologous to genes for fragile X syndrome. Genetic imprinting and expanded trinucleotide repeats cause mental retardation, autism and aggression. CR ANTONINI A, 1993, SCIENCE, V260, P1819, DOI 10.1126/science.8511592 AOSAKI T, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P412, DOI 10.1126/science.8023166 Ballabio Andrea, 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P221, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.4.221 BALLINGER SW, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P11, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-11 BARINAGA M, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P177, DOI 10.1126/science.7809622 BARINAGA M, 1993, SCIENCE, V259, P762, DOI 10.1126/science.259.5096.762-a BARLOW DP, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P1610, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5242.1610 BARNARD EA, 1995, GABAA RECEPTORS ANXI, P1 BEG AA, 1995, NATURE, V376, P167, DOI 10.1038/376167a0 BEHRMAN RE, 1992, NELSON TXB PEDIATRIC BLUM K, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1346, DOI 10.1126/science.7802784 BLUM NA, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V16, P217, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(94)00078-M BLUMBERG JB, 1994, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V366, P325 BOBIN SA, 1987, ACTA NEUROPATHOL, V74, P313 BONIFATI V, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1978 BREGMAN JD, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P707, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80001-2 BRILLIANT MH, 1992, MAMM GENOME, V3, P187, DOI 10.1007/BF00355717 BROOK JD, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P279 BUMP NJ, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1885, DOI 10.1126/science.7569933 Korn Bernhard, 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P235, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.4.235 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 CASANOVA MF, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V16, P73, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00004-6 CAVENEY S, 1985, ANNU REV PHYSIOL, V47, P319 CHANG MW, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P518, DOI 10.1126/science.7824950 COPEMAN JB, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P80, DOI 10.1038/ng0195-80 COWAN SW, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P914, DOI 10.1126/science.8178151 CULOTTA E, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P1926, DOI 10.1126/science.7801115 Dan Yang, 1994, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, V4, P95, DOI 10.1016/0959-4388(94)90037-X DAVIES J, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P375, DOI 10.1126/science.8153624 DAVIES K, 1993, NATURE, V364, P88 DEKOK YJM, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P685, DOI 10.1126/science.7839145 DEVRIES BBA, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P761, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.9.761 DIMARIO FJ, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V93, P76 DOLAN RJ, 1995, NATURE, V378, P180, DOI 10.1038/378180a0 DURING MJ, 1995, NATURE, V376, P174, DOI 10.1038/376174a0 ECONOMOU EP, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P2951, DOI 10.1073/pnas.87.8.2951 FERGUSONSMITH AC, 1991, NATURE, V351, P667, DOI 10.1038/351667a0 FISCHER K, 1988, MED HYPOTHESES, V27, P99, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(88)90154-5 FISCHER KM, 1985, MED HYPOTHESES, V18, P135, DOI 10.1016/0306-9877(85)90046-5 FISCHER KM, 1980, J THEOR BIOL, V84, P513, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5193(80)80017-8 FLINT J, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1432, DOI 10.1126/science.7660127 FRANK J, 1995, NATURE, V376, P441, DOI 10.1038/376441a0 FRY M, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P4950, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.11.4950 GHOSH S, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P223, DOI 10.1038/ng0395-223 GILLBERG C, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P343 GRAEBER MB, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P8245, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8245 GURLING H, 1995, NAT GENET, V10, P8, DOI 10.1038/ng0595-8b HAGERMAN RJ, 1991, FRAGILE X SYNDROME D, P282 HINDS HL, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P36, DOI 10.1038/ng0193-36 HUMPHRIES P, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P315, DOI 10.1038/ng1294-315 JACOB HJ, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P63, DOI 10.1038/ng0195-63 JACOBSON K, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1441, DOI 10.1126/science.7770769 JAY V, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P416 JONES C, 1995, NATURE, V376, P145, DOI 10.1038/376145a0 Jordan Siobhan A., 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P411, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.6.411 JOUET M, 1994, NAT GENET, V7, P402, DOI 10.1038/ng0794-402 KANDEL E, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P825, DOI 10.1126/science.7754367 KERR DS, 1993, SYNAPSE, V14, P305, DOI 10.1002/syn.890140408 KILBOURNE EJ, 1992, J BIOL CHEM, V267, P7563 KING MC, 1993, NATURE, V364, P288, DOI 10.1038/364288a0 KOCH WJ, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1350, DOI 10.1126/science.7761854 KORN SJ, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P410, DOI 10.1126/science.7618108 KRONTIRIS TG, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1682, DOI 10.1126/science.7569893 Krook Anna, 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P391, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.6.391 LANDER ES, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P2037, DOI 10.1126/science.8091226 LASPADA AR, 1994, ANN NEUROL, V36, P814, DOI 10.1002/ana.410360604 LEE B, 1991, NATURE, V352, P330, DOI 10.1038/352330a0 LEONARD CM, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P26, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460107 LIU B, 1995, NAT MED, V1, P348, DOI 10.1038/nm0495-348 LYNCH T, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1878 MANDEL JL, 1994, NAT GENET, V7, P453, DOI 10.1038/ng0894-453 MARSHALL E, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1693, DOI 10.1126/science.8209248 MARX J, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P728, DOI 10.1126/science.7973626 MARX J, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1656, DOI 10.1126/science.7521969 MARX J, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P1477, DOI 10.1126/science.7985012 Mattes RM, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V17, P249, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00014-3 MATTHEWS G, 1994, J NEUROSCI, V14, P1079 MCADAMS HH, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P650, DOI 10.1126/science.7624793 MCCONKIEROSELL A, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P800 McDonald J F, 1993, Curr Opin Genet Dev, V3, P855, DOI 10.1016/0959-437X(93)90005-A MEYER EM, 1994, NEUROBIOL AGING, V15, P63, DOI 10.1016/0197-4580(94)90145-7 MIWA S, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P3, DOI 10.1038/ng0194-3 MORELL V, 1993, SCIENCE, V260, P1422, DOI 10.1126/science.8502986 MORELL V, 1993, SCIENCE, V260, P1722, DOI 10.1126/science.8511575 NAGGERT JK, 1995, NAT GENET, V10, P135, DOI 10.1038/ng0695-135 NAKAO M, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P309, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.2.309 NAKATSU Y, 1993, NATURE, V364, P448, DOI 10.1038/364448a0 NELSON RJ, 1995, NATURE, V378, P383, DOI 10.1038/378383a0 NEUMANN B, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P12, DOI 10.1038/ng0195-12 Nicholls R D, 1993, Curr Opin Genet Dev, V3, P445, DOI 10.1016/0959-437X(93)90119-A NIETZ M, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P1013 ODONOVAN MC, 1995, NAT GENET, V10, P380, DOI 10.1038/ng0895-380 OWEN AM, 1993, BRAIN, V116, P1159, DOI 10.1093/brain/116.5.1159 PINTER MM, 1993, J NEURAL TRANSM-PARK, V5, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF02251204 POLYMEROPOULOS MH, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P95, DOI 10.1038/ng0994-95 PUCKETT C, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P7557, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7557 RAGSDALE DS, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1724, DOI 10.1126/science.8085162 RAINERO I, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P347 RIGGINS GJ, 1992, NAT GENET, V2, P186, DOI 10.1038/ng1192-186 RISCH N, 1995, SCIENCE, V268, P1584, DOI 10.1126/science.7777857 RON D, 1992, GENE DEV, V6, P439, DOI 10.1101/gad.6.3.439 RONSIN C, 1993, ONCOGENE, V8, P1195 ROSE SPR, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P362 ROSENBERG RN, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P1269 ROTHLIND JC, 1993, J NERV MENT DIS, V181, P194, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199303000-00008 ROUSH W, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1808, DOI 10.1126/science.7569909 ROYLE NJ, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P52, DOI 10.1038/ng0194-52 SCARR E, 1994, NEUROCHEM RES, V19, P153, DOI 10.1007/BF00966810 SCHMIDT A, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P4756, DOI 10.1073/pnas.91.11.4756 SCHMIDT M, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P279, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430143 SCHMIDT R, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P480, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5235.480 SCHNITZER JE, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1435, DOI 10.1126/science.7660128 Shackleton S., 1992, Human Molecular Genetics, V1, P439, DOI 10.1093/hmg/1.6.439 SHARKEY J, 1994, NATURE, V371, P336, DOI 10.1038/371336a0 SIEGEL BV, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V17, P85, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00033-I SILVESTRI G, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V51, P1213 SMOTHERS JF, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1719, DOI 10.1126/science.8085160 STEHNOBITTEL L, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P1835, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5243.1835 STEIN DJ, 1994, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V6, P23 STINE OC, 1995, AM J HUM GENET, V57, P1384 STONE A, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P1773, DOI 10.1126/science.7892599 STONE RL, 1992, NAT GENET, V1, P59, DOI 10.1038/ng0492-59 STRAUB RE, 1995, NAT GENET, V11, P287, DOI 10.1038/ng1195-287 SWAAB DF, 1994, NEUROBIOL AGING, V15, P369, DOI 10.1016/0197-4580(94)90037-X TAKAHASHI JS, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1724, DOI 10.1126/science.8209253 TAMAKI T, 1995, J BIOL CHEM, V270, P4299 TAUBES G, 1994, SCIENCE, V265, P1034, DOI 10.1126/science.8066441 TAYLOR JR, 1991, EXP BRAIN RES, V85, P335 TAYLOR W, 1983, FRAGILE X SYNDROME, P115 TEMPLE IK, 1995, NAT GENET, V9, P110, DOI 10.1038/ng0295-110 THOMPSON CB, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P1456, DOI 10.1126/science.7878464 TOMMERUP N, 1993, J MED GENET, V30, P713, DOI 10.1136/jmg.30.9.713 TRUETT GE, 1991, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V88, P7806, DOI 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7806 VARLET I, 1994, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V22, P5723, DOI 10.1093/nar/22.25.5723 WAGNER G, 1995, SCIENCE, V267, P342, DOI 10.1126/science.7824932 WANG MH, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P117, DOI 10.1126/science.7939629 WANG ND, 1995, SCIENCE, V269, P1108, DOI 10.1126/science.7652557 WATERHOUSE P, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P985, DOI 10.1126/science.270.5238.985 NR 138 TC 4 Z9 4 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD OCT PY 1996 VL 47 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(96)90069-9 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA VP699 UT WOS:A1996VP69900008 PM 8910878 ER PT J AU BallabanGil, K Rapin, I Tuchman, R Shinnar, S AF BallabanGil, K Rapin, I Tuchman, R Shinnar, S TI Longitudinal examination of the behavioral, language, and social changes in a population of adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DYSPHASIC CHILDREN; PUBERTY AB This follow-up study evaluates the behavioral, language, and social outcomes in a population of autistic patients initially examined in childhood. We evaluated 102 (63%) of the 163 eligible subjects, including 54 adolescents (12-17 years of age) and 45 adults (greater than or equal to 18 years of age). Three patients had died in the interim. Behavior difficulties continued to be a problem in 69% of adolescents and adults, Thirty-five percent of adolescents and 49% of adults engaged in self-injurious behavior, and slightly more than 50% of adolescents and adults exhibited some stereotypic behaviors. Over 90% of both adolescents and adults had persisting social deficits. Language improved with age, although only 35% achieved normal or near-normal fluency. Comprehension also improved, although only 29% of subjects had achieved normal or near-normal comprehension of oral language. At the time of last follow-up, 28% of all patients and 53% of adults were living in residential placement. Only 11% of adults were employed on the open market, all in menial jobs; an additional 16% were employed in sheltered workshops. The social, behavioral, and language deficits identified in early life in autistic children tend to persist into adolescence and young adulthood. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10467. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. CR Bauman M.L, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM BROWN JL, 1963, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V33, P855 DEMYER MK, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P199, DOI 10.1007/BF01538281 DEMYER MK, 1981, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V7, P388 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P365 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 Gillberg C., 1984, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V26, P122 KOBAYASHI R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF01048242 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 RAPIN I, 1988, AM J DIS CHILD, V142, P1178 RAPIN I, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P751 RAPIN I, 1988, AM J DIS CHILD, V142, P1119 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1169, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1169 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1219 Zar JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL NR 21 TC 74 Z9 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(96)00219-6 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VR143 UT WOS:A1996VR14300006 PM 8916159 ER PT J AU Shevell, MI Majnemer, A AF Shevell, MI Majnemer, A TI Clinical features of developmental disability associated with cerebellar hypoplasia SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; BRAIN AB Sporadic nonsyndromic cerebellar hypoplasia is a radiological diagnosis with clinical features and a relation with developmental disability that are presently not known. Through a retrospective review of a comprehensive standardized computerized database containing more than 2,500 patients examined consecutively by a pediatric neurologist, 11 with nonfamilial, nonsyndromic cerebellar hypoplasia on neuroimaging (CT and/or MRI) were identified. With the exception of two patients, all had been originally referred during infancy or the preschool years for assessment of a developmental disability. All 11 had ''cerebellar'' findings on initial examination and five were microcephalic; three others were below the 10th percentile, All exhibited developmental disability, commonly of mild to moderate degree. Motor involvement predominated, often involving fine motor skills more than gross motor functions. Imaging consistently disclosed vermis hypoplasia with additional supratentorial cerebral dysgenesis in one child and cerebellar hemispheric hypoplasia in another. Cerebellar hypoplasia is a developmental anomaly that appears to be either etiologically related to, or a marker for, developmental disability, thus confirming the intact cerebellum's integral role in normal psychomotor development. This series suggests that cerebellar hypoplasia should be considered in the young child presenting with developmental delay with prominent motor involvement, together with cerebellar signs and/or microcephaly. (C) 1996 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 MCGILL UNIV,SCH PHYS & OCCUPAT THERAPY,DEPT NEUROL NEUROSURG,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,SCH PHYS & OCCUPAT THERAPY,DEPT PEDIAT,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,SCH PHYS & OCCUPAT THERAPY,DEPT HUMAN GENET,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. RP Shevell, MI (reprint author), MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,A-514,2300 TUPPER,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1990, APA DIAGN STAT MAN M ARTS WFM, 1995, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V26, P41, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-979718 CIESIELSKI KT, 1994, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V51, P985 CONNER KE, 1993, MOL GENETIC BASIS NE, P697 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P214 DOOLEY JM, 1992, PEDIATR NEUROL, V8, P232, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(92)90076-B GERSZTEN PC, 1995, PEDIATR NEUROSURG, V23, P86, DOI 10.1159/000120942 Gilman S, 1992, DIS NERVOUS SYSTEM C, P319, DOI Philadelphia JENSEN PR, 1995, NEURORADIOLOGY, V37, P328 JONES MZ, 1976, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V35, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005072-197607000-00004 KENDALL B, 1990, NEURORADIOLOGY, V31, P502 MAJNEMER A, 1995, J PEDIATR-US, V127, P193, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70294-6 MATTHEWS KD, 1989, J CHILD NEUROL, V4, P189 SARNAT HB, 1980, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V37, P300 Schaefer GB, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P382, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390316 SCHMAHMANN JD, 1991, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V48, P1178 VANDONGEN HR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P2040 VOLPE JJ, 1995, PROTOZOAL RELATED IN, P675 WICHMAN A, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P373 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 3 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(96)00220-2 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VR143 UT WOS:A1996VR14300007 PM 8916160 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Children with autism: Diagnosis and interventions to meet their needs - Trevarthen,C, Aitken,K, Papondi,D, Robarts,J SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Book Review CR Trevarthen C., 1996, CHILDREN AUTISM DIAG NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD OCT PY 1996 VL 83 IS 2 BP 703 EP 703 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA VL128 UT WOS:A1996VL12800060 ER PT J AU Jones, MB Szatmari, P Piven, J AF Jones, MB Szatmari, P Piven, J TI Nonfamiliality of the sex ratio in autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID FAMILIES; GENETICS; IQ C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BEHAV SCI,HERSHEY,PA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT,IOWA CITY,IA. CR KOCH R, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P1224 LORD C, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P663, DOI 10.1007/BF01046335 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P187 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD SEP 20 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 5 BP 499 EP 500 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320670502 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VJ223 UT WOS:A1996VJ22300013 PM 8886171 ER PT J AU Petit, E Herault, J Raynaud, M Cherpi, C Perrot, A Barthelemy, C Lelord, G Muh, JP AF Petit, E Herault, J Raynaud, M Cherpi, C Perrot, A Barthelemy, C Lelord, G Muh, JP TI X chromosome and infantile autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE X chromosome; infantile autism; association study; associated diseases; fragile X syndrome ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION; ABNORMALITIES; FAMILIES; GENETICS; MARKERS AB Family studies and epidemiologic data in autism show the involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of this syndrome. The frequent association of X chromosome with mental retardation and behavior disturbances raises the question of its implication in the etiology of autism. Several markers of X chromosome were tested in autistic and control populations by association study. The autistic population was submitted to an extensive clinical examination. For the DXS287 marker, chi(2) analysis showed a different allele distribution between control and patient groups, This difference was enhanced when children with the most severe autistic behaviors and the least serious cognitive disorders were selected for statistical comparison. To our knowledge, this is the first association study described using markers of X chromosome in infantile autism. These preliminary results encourage our research on this chromosome, which could be considered as a significant genetic component of the multifactorial etiology of autism. C1 CHU BRETONNEAU,DEPT NEUROPHYSIOL & PSYCHOPATHOL DEV,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. RP Petit, E (reprint author), CHU BRETONNEAU,LAB BIOCHIM & BIOL MOL PR MUH,INSERM U316,F-37044 TOURS,FRANCE. CR ADRIEN JL, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P617, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019 ADRIEN JL, 1986, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V34, P63 ALDRED MA, 1990, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P1165 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARTHELEMY C, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD BARTHELEMY C, 1990, ECHELLES EVALUATION BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 BRUNET O, 1976, DEV PSYCH 1 ENFANCE, P19 CLAYTONSMITH J, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P12, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460105 COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 CROW TJ, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P675, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.5.675 DANSART P, 1991, AUTISME ENFANT, P139 DANSART P, 1988, ACTUALITES PSYCHIATR, V4, P38 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FISCH GS, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P112, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480210 FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815 GARREAU B, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P93 GARREAU B, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF02408559 GARREAU B, 1987, SOINS PSYCHIATRIE, V82, P15 GESELL A, 1944, NORMAL ABNORMAL CHIL GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P449 GILLBERG C, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P293 HALLMAYER J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P951 HERAULT J, 1993, PSYCHIAT RES, V46, P261, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90094-W HERAULT J, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P281, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91260-2 JORDE LB, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P932 KORNREICH R, 1992, GENOMICS, V13, P70, DOI 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90203-5 LENOIR P, 1989, THESIS MED FACULTY T LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 MARTINEAU J, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P688 McKusick VA, 1990, MENDELIAN INHERITANC OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 OPITZ JM, 1982, AM J MED GENET, V12, P147, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320120205 PETIT E, 1995, J MED GENET, V32, P269, DOI 10.1136/jmg.32.4.269 PETTY EM, 1990, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P690 REISS AL, 1986, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V12, P724 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P187 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SANFILIPPO SJ, 1963, J PEDIATR-US, V63, P837, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80279-6 SCHMITT K, 1993, HUM MOL GENET, V2, P1978, DOI 10.1093/hmg/2.11.1978 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x TASSABEHJI M, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P26, DOI 10.1038/ng0193-26 TROFATTER JA, 1991, NUCLEIC ACIDS RES, V19, P6057, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.21.6057-a VOSTANIS P, 1996, PSYCHIAT GENETICS, V4, P109 WARREN ST, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P536, DOI 10.1001/jama.271.7.536 YOUNG JG, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02408428 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 40 IS 6 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/0006-3223(96)85270-X PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VG789 UT WOS:A1996VG78900004 PM 8879465 ER PT J AU Tonge, BJ AF Tonge, BJ TI Autism: Time for a national approach to early assessment and management SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDHOOD RP Tonge, BJ (reprint author), MONASH UNIV,CTR DEV PSYCHIAT,MELBOURNE,VIC 3004,AUSTRALIA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P66 COURCHESNE E, 1989, AUTISM NEW PERSPECTI, P119 GILLBERG C, 1984, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V25, P35, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb01717.x GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 MCDONALD MA, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P599, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00271.x PRIOR MR, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P8, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.1.8 SCHOPLER E, 1987, AM PSYCHOL, V42, P376, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.42.4.376 TONGE BJ, 1994, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V30, P102, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00590.x *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE, P252 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PI SYDNEY PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA SN 0025-729X J9 MED J AUSTRALIA JI Med. J. Aust. PD SEP 2 PY 1996 VL 165 IS 5 BP 244 EP 245 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VE634 UT WOS:A1996VE63400001 PM 8816677 ER PT J AU DEufemia, P Celli, M Finocchiaro, R Pacifico, L Viozzi, L Zaccagnini, M Cardi, E Giardini, O AF DEufemia, P Celli, M Finocchiaro, R Pacifico, L Viozzi, L Zaccagnini, M Cardi, E Giardini, O TI Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE autism; intestinal permeability ID MANNITOL; CELLOBIOSE; LACTULOSE AB We determined the occurrence of gut mucosal damage using the intestinal permeability test in 21 autistic children who had no clinical and laboratory findings consistent with known intestinal disorders. An altered intestinal permeability was found in 9 of the 21 (43%) autistic patients, but in none of the 40 controls. Compared to the controls, these nine patients showed a similar mean mannitol recovery, but a significantly higher mean lactulose recovery (1.64% +/- 1.43 vs 0.38% +/- 0.14; P < 0.001). We speculate that an altered intestinal permeability could represent a possible mechanism for the increased passage through the gut mucosa of peptides derived from foods with subsequent behavioural abnormalities. RP DEufemia, P (reprint author), UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,INST PEDIAT,VIALE REGINA ELENA 324,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CELLI M, 1995, CLIN CHEM, V41, P752 Coleman M., 1976, AUTISTIC SYNDROMES GILBERG C, 1988, ASPECTS AUTISM BIOL, P31 GILBERG C, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01531369 GOODWIN MS, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P48, DOI 10.1007/BF01537742 HAMILTON I, 1987, J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR, V6, P697, DOI 10.1097/00005176-198709000-00006 HODGES S, 1989, ARCH DIS CHILD, V64, P853 JUBY LD, 1987, J CLIN PATHOL, V40, P714, DOI 10.1136/jcp.40.7.714 KATZ KD, 1989, BAILLIERE CLIN RHEUM, V3, P271, DOI 10.1016/S0950-3579(89)80021-4 LECOUTEUR A, 1990, BR J HOSP MED, V43, P363 REICHELT K-L, 1990, Journal of Applied Nutrition, V42, P1 REICHELT KL, 1990, BETACASOMORPHINS REL, P163 REICHELT KL, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P71 SHATTOCK P, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P328 SHIPPEE RL, 1992, CLIN CHEM, V38, P343 STROBEL S, 1984, GUT, V25, P1241, DOI 10.1136/gut.25.11.1241 TRAVIS S, 1992, CLIN SCI, V82, P471 WOOD NC, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V150, P853, DOI 10.1192/bjp.150.6.853 NR 19 TC 134 Z9 136 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1076 EP 1079 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14220.x PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VJ341 UT WOS:A1996VJ34100013 PM 8888921 ER PT J AU Steffenburg, S Gillberg, C Steffenburg, U AF Steffenburg, S Gillberg, C Steffenburg, U TI Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with mental retardation and active epilepsy SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-LIKE CONDITIONS; ASPERGER SYNDROME; SWEDISH COUNTY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; CHILDHOOD; ABNORMALITIES; HANDICAP AB Objective: To assess the prevalence and types of psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of schoolage children with the combination of mental retardation (MR) and active epilepsy. Subjects and Methods: Ninety-eight children were identified with MR and active epilepsy in a population-based study from Goteborg, Sweden, which has a general population at risk of 48 873 children. They were born between 1975 and 1986 and were 8 to 16 years old at the time of psychiatric examination, Five children had died, 3 had parents who declined participation, and 90 were clinically examined. Results: Fifty-three children (59%) had at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis, and the conditions in 30 (33%) could not be classified because of profound severe MR. Twenty-four children (27%) had autistic disorder, and another 10 (11%) had an autisticlike condition. The combination of MR, active epilepsy, and autism or an autisticlike condition occurred at a rate of 0.07% in the general population. The most common seizure types in the group with autism or an autisticlike condition were complex partial, atypical absence, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic. Conclusions: Children with MR and active epilepsy suffered from a psychiatric disorder in a majority of those cases in which the children had enough skills and mobility to exhibit behavioral and emotional problems. Many such problems had been undiagnosed despite parental concern and the conviction that the psychiatric problems were the most burdensome in many cases. Neurologists and psychiatrists need to develop better programs for the adequate management of psychiatric disorders in this population. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP Steffenburg, S (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,CHILD NEUROPHSYCHIAT CLIN,ANNEDALS CLIN,S-41345 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 1981, EPILEPSIA, V22, P489 BLOMQUIST HKS, 1981, J MENT DEFIC RES, V25, P169 BRORSON LO, 1970, EPILEPTIKERVARDEN S, V1, P5 CAPLAN R, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P893, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00005 CARON C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1063, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00350.x CLAYTONSMITH J, 1992, J MED GENET, V29, P412, DOI 10.1136/jmg.29.6.412 Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P389 CORBETT JA, 1979, PSYCHIAT ILLNESS MEN, P28 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COWAN LD, 1989, EPILEPSIA, V30, P94, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05289.x EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x GHAZIUDDIN M, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P313 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 Gillberg C, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P191 GILLBERG C, 1983, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V72, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09675.x Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x GUSTAVSON KH, 1977, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V66, P373, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07910.x HAGBERG B, 1981, ACTA PAEDIATR SCAND, V70, P441, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05720.x HARACOPOS D, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P1 HAUSER WA, 1991, EPILEPSIA, V32, P429, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04675.x HOARE P, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P201 ILAE Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis International League Against Epilepsy, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P592 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LINDSAY J, 1979, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V21, P630 BAX M C, 1964, Dev Med Child Neurol, V6, P295 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P314 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 REY JM, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P787, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01329.x RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 ROSS EM, 1980, BRIT MED J, V280, P207 Rutter M, 1970, NEUROPSYCHIATRIC STU RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 SCHOPLER E, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P167 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Sidenvall R, 1996, SEIZURE, V5, P139 SILLANPAA M, 1992, EPILEPSIA, V33, P444, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb01689.x Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STEFFENBURG U, 1995, ACTA PAEDIATR, V84, P1147, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13515.x STEINHAUSEN HC, 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P105 STORES G, 1977, EPILEPSY, P245 STORES G, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P502 TAFT LT, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P327, DOI 10.1007/BF01557352 TREVATHAN E, 1988, ANN NEUROL, V23, P425 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF01046323 WELLESLEY DG, 1992, MED J AUSTRALIA, V156, P94 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1980, HANDICAP BEHAV SKILL WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 NR 55 TC 107 Z9 109 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 53 IS 9 BP 904 EP 912 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VG391 UT WOS:A1996VG39100014 PM 8815856 ER PT J AU Jarrold, C Boucher, J Smith, PK AF Jarrold, C Boucher, J Smith, PK TI Generativity deficits in pretend play in autism SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; SYMBOLIC PLAY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; ELICITED PLAY; MIND; COMPREHENSION; COMMUNICATION; SKILLS AB Three studies are presented which test the claim that children with autism can engage in pretence under certain circumstances. Experiment 1 assessed the spontaneous and elicited play of 14 children with autism, matched on the basis of receptive language abilities to a group of 14 children with moderate learning difficulties. The children with autism produced significantly less pretend play than these controls, confirming previous findings. In contrast Expt 2 showed that the same group of children with autism were not impaired in their ability to carry out instructions thought to require pretend play. A third study compared the ability of 15 children with autism, and language-matched learning disabled and normal controls, to generate pretend acts. The children with autism produced pretend acts at a significantly slower rate than controls. It is argued, contrary to a meta-representational deficit account, that children with autism can engage in the mechanics of pretend play, but are impaired at producing pretence because of generativity problems. The extent to which a generativity deficit might be pervasive in autism is discussed. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT PSYCHOL,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P199 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P207 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P385, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01539.x BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P637, DOI 10.1007/BF02211881 BOUCHER J, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P205 CAPPS L, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1169, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x CHARMAN T, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Crystal D., 1976, GRAMMATICAL ANAL LAN Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x Harris P., 1991, NATURAL THEORIES MIN Harris P., 1993, Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism Harris P., 1994, CHILDRENS EARLY UNDE Harris P. L, 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P191, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000389 HARRIS PL, 1993, NATURAL THEORIES MIN HARRIS PL, 1993, SOC RES CHILD DEV MO HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P543 HUTTENLOCHER J, 1978, MINNESOTA S CHILD PS, V11 JARROLD C, 1994, MIND LANG, V9, P445, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1994.tb00318.x JARROLD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P433, DOI 10.1007/BF02172127 JARROLD C, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1473, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01288.x JARROLD C, UNPUB LANGUAGE PROFI JARROLD C, 1993, THESIS U SHEFFIELD JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 KAVANAUGH RD, 1994, DEV PSYCHOL, V30, P847, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.30.6.847 KNOWLES W, 1980, DERBYSHIRE LANGUAGE Leslie A., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 LEWIS V, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P393 LEWIS V, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P325 LILLARD AS, 1993, CHILD DEV, V64, P348, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02914.x MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x Perner Josef, 1991, UNDERSTANDING REPRES RIGUET CB, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P439 SIGMAN M, 1984, DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.20.2.293 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 Vygotsky L. S., 1966, SOV PSYCHOL, V12, P62 WING L, 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C WING L, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00426.x WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 49 TC 77 Z9 77 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48, PRINCESS RD, EAST, LEICESTER, LEICS, ENGLAND LE1 7DR SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 14 BP 275 EP 300 PN 3 PG 26 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VJ616 UT WOS:A1996VJ61600002 ER PT J AU Russo, M Ferry, R Kolodny, E Gillberg, C AF Russo, M Ferry, R Kolodny, E Gillberg, C TI Heller syndrome in a pre-school boy. Proposed medical evaluation and hypothesized pathogenesis SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Heller syndrome; disintegrative disorder of childhood; pervasive developmental disorder; autism ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; DISINTEGRATIVE DISORDER; PRION PROTEIN; AUTISM; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; GENE AB The case of a 6-year-old boy who developed childhood disintegrative disorder (Heller syndrome) at the age of 4 years is presented, and specifics of the neurologic evaluation are detailed. A table is provided suggesting the complete neurologic work-up with the potential findings for children presenting with signs and symptoms of deterioration. A hypothesis for the aetiology of Heller syndrome proposes that predisposing genetic factors when combined with an environmental stress result in the deposition of amyloid and the disruption of synaptic transmission during the deterioration period. Speculation that the deterioration may be self-limited by activation of an immune response is based upon earlier findings that interleukin 1 has been shown to be involved in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein in humans. C1 NYU, MED CTR, DEPT PSYCHIAT, CHILD PSYCHIAT INPATIENT UNIT, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, DIV NEUROPSYCHIAT, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NYU, MED CTR, DEPT NEUROL, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA. ANNEDALS CLIN, CHILD NEUROPSYCHIAT CLIN, S-41345 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. CR ABRAVAYA K, 1992, GENE DEV, V6, P1153, DOI 10.1101/gad.6.7.1153 AHLSEN G, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P734, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90124-V American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BEYREUTHER K, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V640, P129 BURD L, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P609 BUREL C, 1992, EXPERIENTIA, V48, P629, DOI 10.1007/BF02118307 BUXBAUM JD, 1992, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V89, P10075, DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10075 CORBETT J, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P211, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00433.x CREAK EM, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P84, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.84 de Sanctis S, 1906, RIV SPERIMENTALE FRE, V32, P141 Gillberg C., 1995, CLIN CHILD NEUROPSYC GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P921, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Heller T, 1930, Z KINDERFORSCH, V37, P661 Heller Theodore, 1908, Z ERFORSCH BEHANDL J, V2, P17 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 LAWRENCE S, 1992, ANN HUM GENET, V58, P295 MALAMUD N, 1959, AM J PSYCHIAT, V116, P215 MEINER Z, 1992, NEUROLOGY, V42, P1355 PRUSINER SB, 1992, CURR OPINION NEUROBI, V5, P638 PUCKETT C, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P320 RIVINUS TM, 1975, ARCH DIS CHILD, V50, P115 ROSENGREN LE, 1992, J NEUROSCI METH, V44, P113, DOI 10.1016/0165-0270(92)90004-W TAMZI RE, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V51, P272 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 *WHO, 1980, INT CLASS DIS DIS IC *WHO, 1992, INT CLASS DIS DIS IC *WHO, 1990, INT CLASS DIS DIS IC World Health Organization, 1977, INT CLASS DIS NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1018-8827 EI 1435-165X J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 5 IS 3 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA VN807 UT WOS:A1996VN80700007 PM 8908424 ER PT J AU Perry, DW Hinder, S Krishnan, VHR Roy, A AF Perry, DW Hinder, S Krishnan, VHR Roy, A TI The use of specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in people with learning disability, autism and depression SO HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Letter ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 2 ADULTS; FLUOXETINE; DISORDERS C1 LITTLE PLUMSTEAD HOSP,NORWICH NR13 5EW,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RP Perry, DW (reprint author), BROOKLANDS,COLESHILL RD,MARSTON GREEN,BIRMINGHAM B37 7HL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. CR CAMPBELL M, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P267, DOI 10.1007/BF01557348 GORDON CT, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P363 GUALTIERI CT, 1989, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V25, P358 JACOBSON JW, 1982, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V3, P121, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(82)90002-9 KOHER JA, 1988, ROLE SEROTONIN AUTIS LAINHART JE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P587, DOI 10.1007/BF02172140 LOWRY MA, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P269 MARKOWITZ PI, 1992, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V12, P27 RITVO ER, 1983, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V22, P549, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198311000-00006 SOVNER R, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P301 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS, V10 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6222 J9 HUM PSYCHOPHARM CLIN JI Hum. Psychopharmacol.-Clin. Exp. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 425 EP 426 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1077(199609)11:5<425::AID-HUP822>3.0.CO;2-O PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA VP473 UT WOS:A1996VP47300010 ER PT J AU Gena, A Krantz, PJ McClannahan, LE Poulson, CL AF Gena, A Krantz, PJ McClannahan, LE Poulson, CL TI Training and generalization of affective behavior displayed by youth with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE affective behavior; response class formation; generalization; youth with autism ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; PRESCHOOLERS; IMITATION; EMOTION; ISSUES AB The purpose of this study was to teach contextually appropriate affective behavior to 4 youths with autism. Treatment consisted of modeling, prompting, and reinforcement introduced in a multiple baseline design across response categories of affective behavior. During treatment, verbal praise and tokens were delivered contingent on appropriate affective responding during training trials. Modeling and verbal prompting were used as correction procedures. Each youth received treatment in either three or four response categories. Treatment systematically increased responding within the response categories for all 4 participants, with effects being specific to the affect ive response categories under treatment. Treatment effects occurred across untrained scenarios, therapists, time, and settings, suggesting that generalization had occurred. C1 CUNY QUEENS COLL,FLUSHING,NY. CUNY GRAD SCH & UNIV CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10036. PRINCETON CHILD DEV INST,PRINCETON,NJ. CR ACKER LE, 1973, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V16, P111, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(73)90067-2 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baer D. M., 1982, 1981 NEBRASKA S MOTI, P217 Catania A. C., 1992, LEARNING COOKE TP, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P65, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-65 Davitz JR, 1964, COMMUNICATION EMOTIO, P13 DAWSON G, 1984, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V12, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF00910664 Ekman P., 1982, EMOTION HUMAN FACE, P111 EKMAN P, 1982, EMOTION HUMAN FACE, P143 Ekman P., 1984, APPROACHES EMOTION, P319 EKMAN P, 1979, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V30, P527, DOI 10.1146/annurev.ps.30.020179.002523 Feldman R. S., 1991, FUNDAMENTALS NONVERB, P329 FIELD TM, 1982, CHILD DEV, V53, P1299, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1982.tb04169.x Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 IZARD CE, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V58, P487, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.487 Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI KNAPP PH, 1960, EXPRESSION EMOTIONS LAGRECA AM, 1980, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V48, P220, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.48.2.220 LANCIONI GE, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P17, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-17 MALATESTA CZ, 1982, EMOTION EARLY INTERA, P11 MCGEE GG, 1991, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V15, P237 ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SIGMAN M, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P647, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00189.x SNOW ME, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P836, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00006 TWARDOSZ S, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P311, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90004-6 WALTERS AS, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P303, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90015-Z YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x NR 28 TC 35 Z9 34 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-291 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA VG115 UT WOS:A1996VG11500002 PM 8926222 ER PT J AU Stromer, R Mackay, HA Remington, B AF Stromer, R Mackay, HA Remington, B TI Naming, the formation of stimulus classes, and applied behavior analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE naming; stimulus classes; stimulus equivalence; generalization; application of basic research ID MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; CONDITIONAL-DISCRIMINATION PROCEDURES; STANDARD PROMPTING HIERARCHY; EQUIVALENCE CLASS FORMATION; MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; TASK DEMONSTRATION MODEL; COMPLEX SAMPLES; INTRAVERBAL BEHAVIOR; NATURAL CATEGORIES; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN AB The methods used in Sidman's original studies on equivalence classes provide a framework for analyzing functional verbal behavior. Sidman and others have shown how teaching receptive, name-referent matching may produce rudimentary oral reading and word comprehension skills. Eikeseth and Smith (1992) have extended these findings by showing that children with autism may acquire equivalence classes after learning to supply a common oral name to each stimulus in a potential class. A stimulus class analysis suggests ways to examine (a) the problem of programming generalization from teaching situations to other environments, (b) the expansion of the repertoires that occur in those settings, and (c) the use of naming to facilitate these forms of generalization. Such research will help to clarify and extend Horne and Lowe's recent (1996) account of the role of verbal behavior in the formation of stimulus classes. C1 UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. RP Stromer, R (reprint author), EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER CTR MENTAL RETARDAT INC,BEHAV SCI DIV,200 TRAPELO RD,WALTHAM,MA 02254, USA. CR Albin R. W., 1988, GENERALIZATION MAINT, P99 ANDERSON SR, 1980, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V5, P143 BAER DM, 1982, CONT BEHAV THERAPY C, P277 BARNES D, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V59, P61, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.59-61 Barnes D, 1990, Anal Verbal Behav, V8, P19 BONTA JL, 1981, BEHAV RES SEVERE DEV, V2, P51 BONTA JL, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P295, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90003-4 BRAAM SJ, 1983, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V4, P279, DOI 10.1016/0270-3092(83)90030-9 BROWDER DM, 1991, RES DEV DISABIL, V12, P203, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(91)90008-G Carr D, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P245, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-245 CARRIGAN PF, 1992, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V58, P183, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-183 CLARKE S, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P231, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-231 CLARKE S, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P419, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-419 CONSTANTINE B, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V79, P680 COWLEY BJ, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-461 DEROSE JC, J APPL BEHAV ANAL DEVANY JM, 1986, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V46, P243, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1986.46-243 DUBE WV, 1987, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V47, P159, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1987.47-159 DUBE WV, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P305, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-305 DUBE WV, IN PRESS STIMULUS CL DUGDALE N, 1990, BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, P115 DUKER PC, 1991, CHALLENGE SEVERE MEN, P167 EIKESETH S, 1992, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V58, P123, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-123 EPLING WF, 1986, BEHAV ANALYST, V9, P89 FIELDS L, 1991, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V55, P305, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1991.55-305 Fields L, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P279, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-279 Galizio M, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P286, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-286 GOLDSTEIN H, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, V2, P317 GREEN G, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P260 GUESS D, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P311, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-311 Gutowski S. J., 1995, EXPT ANAL HUMAN BEHA, V13, P18 Hake D F, 1982, Behav Anal, V5, P21 Hall G A, 1991, Anal Verbal Behav, V9, P107 HARING TG, 1989, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V52, P13, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1989.52-13 HAYES SC, 1986, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V45, P351, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1986.45-351 Hayes S. C., 1994, BEHAV ANAL LANGUAGE, P9 Hayes S. C., 1991, DIALOGUES VERBAL BEH, P19 HAYES SC, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1383, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.47.11.1383 HOLLIS JH, 1986, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V6, P331, DOI 10.1016/S0270-4684(86)80013-1 Horne PJ, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P185, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-185 Horner R. H., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P287 JOHNSON BF, 1981, BEHAV MODIF, V5, P187, DOI 10.1177/014544558152003 Joyce B.G., 1989, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V12, P1139 KARSH KG, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P395, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90025-4 KELLAS G, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V77, P670 KENNEDY CH, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P673, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-673 KIRBY KC, 1988, BEHAV ANALYST, V11, P115 LAZAR RM, 1984, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V41, P251, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1984.41-251 LEE VL, 1981, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V35, P227, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1981.35-227 LIGNUGARISKRAFT B, 1988, J SPEC EDUC, V22, P297 Lowe CF, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P315, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-315 Lowenkron B, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P252, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-252 LUCIANO MC, 1986, APPL RES MENT RETARD, V7, P1 LYNCH DC, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P115, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-115 MACDONALD RPF, 1986, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V6, P73, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(86)90007-8 MACE FC, 1994, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V61, P529, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1994.61-529 MACKAY HA, 1985, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V5, P373, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(85)90006-0 Mackay H. A., 1984, LEARNING COGNITION M, P493 Mackay H. A., 1991, CHALLENGE SEVERE MEN, P235 MACKAY HA, PERSPECTIVES FUNDAME MAGUIRE RW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P753, DOI 10.1007/BF02172284 Maguire RW, 1995, PSYCHOL REP, V77, P1059 MANABE K, 1995, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V63, P111, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1995.63-111 MAYDAK M, 1995, RES DEV DISABIL, V16, P179, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00008-B MCILVANE WJ, 1992, INT REV RES MENT RET, V18, P55, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60116-0 McIlvane WJ, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P267, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-267 MCILVANE WJ, 1993, ENHANCING CHILDRENS, V2, P242 MCINTIRE KD, 1987, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V47, P279, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1987.47-279 MICHAEL J., 1985, ANAL VERBAL BEHAV, V3, P2 OSBORNE J. G., 1989, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V20, P63 PARSONS JA, 1981, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V36, P253, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1981.36-253 Pilgrim C, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P284, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-284 REMINGTON B, 1994, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V10, P3, DOI 10.1080/07434619412331276720 Remington B, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P243, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-243 Remington B., 1993, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V9, P36, DOI 10.1080/07434619312331276391 Remington B., 1993, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V9, P49, DOI 10.1080/07434619312331276401 REMINGTON B, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P315, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-315 REPP AC, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P43, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-43 ROSCH E, 1976, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V8, P382, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(76)90013-X SAUNDERS KJ, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V60, P571, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-571 Saunders KJ, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P304, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-304 SAUNDERS KJ, 1990, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V54, P239, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1990.54-239 SAUNDERS RR, 1992, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V57, P227, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1992.57-227 Saunders RR, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P312, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-312 SCHENK JJ, 1993, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B, V46, P345 SCHUSTERMAN RJ, 1993, PSYCHOL REC, V43, P823 Shafer E, 1993, Anal Verbal Behav, V11, P117 Sidman M., 1960, TACTICS SCI RES SIDMAN M, 1986, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V6, P1, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(86)90003-0 SIDMAN M, 1990, BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, P93 Sidman M., 1987, BEHAVIOR ANAL, V22, P11 SIDMAN M, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V77, P515 Sidman M., 1994, EQUIVALENCE RELATION SIDMAN M, 1971, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V14, P5 SIDMAN M, 1974, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V22, P261, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-261 SIDMAN M, 1982, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V37, P5, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-5 SIDMAN M, 1985, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V43, P21, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-21 Sidman M., 1986, ANAL INTEGRATION BEH, P213 SIDMAN M, 1977, RES PRACTICE MENTAL, V2, P353 SILVERMAN K, 1986, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V6, P21, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(86)90004-2 SINGH NN, 1986, INT REV RES MENT RET, V14, P165, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(08)60078-6 Skinner B., 1969, CONTINGENCIES REINFO Skinner B. F., 1968, TECHNOLOGY TEACHING Skinner B. F., 1989, RULE GOVERNED BEHAV, P85 Skinner B. F, 1974, ABOUT BEHAV Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAVIOR SMEETS PM, 1994, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B, V47, P39 SPRADLIN JE, 1989, GENERALIZATION STRAT, P132 STODDARD LT, 1986, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V6, P155, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(86)90012-1 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 STROMER R, 1993, PSYCHOL REC, V43, P585 STROMER R, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P19, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90003-3 STROMER R, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P893, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-893 Stromer R., 1992, J BEHAVIORAL ED, V2, P225, DOI 10.1007/BF00948817 STROMER R, 1996, BENEFITS DIRECT TEAC STROMER R, 1991, HUMAN BEHAV TODAYS W, P109 STROMER R, IN PRESS STIMULUS CL STROMER R, 1982, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V37, P329, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-329 Stromer R, 1996, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V65, P250, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1996.65-250 Stromer R, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P25, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-25 STROMER R, 1990, PSYCHOL REC, V40, P51 Sundberg C T, 1990, Anal Verbal Behav, V8, P31 TORGRUD LJ, 1989, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V52, P181, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1989.52-181 WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329 WASSERMAN EA, 1993, PSYCHOL REC, V43, P779 Watkins C L, 1989, Anal Verbal Behav, V7, P69 WETHERBY B, 1983, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V40, P69, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1983.40-69 Wolery M., 1991, J BEHAVIORAL ED, V1, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF00956755 NR 128 TC 16 Z9 17 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 1996 VL 29 IS 3 BP 409 EP 431 DI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-409 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA VG115 UT WOS:A1996VG11500012 PM 8810064 ER PT J AU Fisman, S Steele, M AF Fisman, S Steele, M TI Use of risperidone in pervasive developmental disorders: A case series SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; PSYCHIATRICALLY DISTURBED-CHILDREN; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ADOLESCENTS AB A series of 14 children and adolescents (ages 9-17 years, 10 males) were treated with risperidone for pervasive developmental disorder. The rationale for using an atypical neuroleptic agent is based on its ability to target both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It was postulated that symptoms similar to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be observed in the pervasive developmental disorders and might respond favorably to risperidone. Twelve of the 14 youths had been treated previously with several psychotropic drugs, often concurrently. Risperidone was initiated at a starting dose of 0.25 mg twice daily and increased in 0.25 mg/day increments every 5-7 days. Optimal dosages ranged from 0.75 to 1.5 mg daily in divided doses. Thirteen of the 14 youths appeared to benefit from risperidone. Improvement in functionality on the Children's Global Assessment Scale was demonstrated in 13 of 14 cases. Disruptive behaviors, when present, markedly decreased on risperidone. Ten patients showed a marked reduction in agitation and anxiety. Social awareness improved markedly in 10 patients, moderately in 3, and only slightly in 1. All but 1 patient demonstrated a lessening in obsessional behaviors. Effects on attention were uniformly positive. Side effects were minimal at the dosages used in this study; 5 patients had initial sedation. Neither extrapyramidal side effects nor agitation was observed in any case. Ten of 14 youths could be managed with risperidone monotherapy. During the follow-up period (mean 7 months), none of the patients experienced a major relapse while taking risperidone. Positive and negative symptoms, as typically characterized in schizophrenia, were both found to improve equally well with risperidone treatment. Based on these findings, a prospective clinical trial with a randomized controlled design is warranted. RP Fisman, S (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DIV CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,LONDON HLTH SCI CTR,ROOM 6118,6 NORTH,LONDON,ON N6C 2V5,CANADA. CR ABRAMSON RK, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P397, DOI 10.1007/BF02212938 ALARCON RD, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P999, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00020 ALIVIR JMJ, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V329, P162 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDERSON GM, 1987, MED BIOL, V65, P67 ANDERSON GM, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P885, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00677.x CAMPBELL M, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P640, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61017-7 ANDERSON LT, 1984, AM J PSYCHIAT, V141, P1195 ANDREASEN NC, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P784 Andreasen NC, 1983, SCALE ASSESSMENT NEG ANDREASEN NC, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P789 BALDESSARINI RJ, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V1, P1 BARTHELEMY C, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF02211876 BETTES BA, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P555, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00223.x BONISON RL, 1992, PSYCHOPHARMACOL B, V281, P213 BRASIC JR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1309 CAMPBELL M, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P434, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00010 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 Casaer P, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROL, V11, P89, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90174-0 CHOUINARD G, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V13, P25 COHEN DJ, 1977, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V34, P545 COHEN DJ, 1974, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V31, P845 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 Cook E H Jr, 1990, J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, V2, P268 COZZA SJ, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P1211, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199410000-00023 CREAK M, 1963, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V6, P530 Demb HB, 1996, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V6, P79, DOI 10.1089/cap.1996.6.79 EUFEMIA PD, 1995, BIOMED PHARMACOTHER, V49, P288 Fisman S, 1996, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V6, P133, DOI 10.1089/cap.1996.6.133 GARREAU B, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P93 GELLER E, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P165, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198207153070307 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P508 GILBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P383 GILLBERG C, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V151, P89, DOI 10.1192/bjp.151.1.89 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 HALLER E, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1069 HAMEURY L, 1995, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V4, P123 JANSSEN PAJ, 1988, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V244, P685 KAY SR, 1988, PSYCHIAT RES, V23, P99, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(88)90038-8 Kay SR, 1991, POSITIVE NEGATIVE SY KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P381, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.381 KUPERMAN S, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P186, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60446-5 LEVENTHAL BL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P499, DOI 10.1007/BF02216055 LEYSEN JE, 1988, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V247, P661 LOMBROSO PJ, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1147, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199509000-00011 MANDOKI MW, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P49, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.49 MARTINEAU J, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P593 McDougle CJ, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P273, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.273 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P746, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00025 MCEVOY JP, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P18 MINDERAA RB, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P190, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198903000-00007 MINDERAA RB, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V36, P237, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90605-X MINDERAA RB, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02212724 NARAYAN M, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P630, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90102-J OWENS DGC, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P29 PIVEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02206997 PURDON SE, 1994, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V39, P400 QUINTANA H, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1292, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199510000-00014 RITVO ER, 1986, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V22, P133 ROLF LH, 1993, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V87, P312, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03378.x Sanchez LE, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P537, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199604000-00021 SCHOOLER NR, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P22 SHAFFER D, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1228 SIMEON JG, 1995, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V5, P69, DOI 10.1089/cap.1995.5.69 STAMENKOVIC M, 1994, LANCET, V344, P1577, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90389-1 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 YOUNG JG, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01531305 ZOHAR J, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P167 NR 69 TC 66 Z9 66 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5463 J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD FAL PY 1996 VL 6 IS 3 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1089/cap.1996.6.177 PG 14 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA VV377 UT WOS:A1996VV37700003 PM 9231311 ER PT J AU Davidovitch, M Patterson, B Gartside, P AF Davidovitch, M Patterson, B Gartside, P TI Head circumference measurements in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB To assess head circumference in children with autism, 148 charts were retrospectively reviewed. All of the children met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III or DSM-III-R) criteria for autism and had no known underlying condition that might affect head circumference. In addition, data were collected regarding height, weight, brain imaging, cognitive development, adaptive behavior, and language. The children were divided into two groups: those with head circumference at or above the 98th percentile (Group 1) and those with head circumference below the 98th percentile (Group 2). Group 1 consisted of 27 (18.2%) of the children. Height measurements were significantly higher in Group 1 as compared with Group 2 (P = .0006) as were weight measurements (P = .0003). Group 1 had a significantly lower percentage of females (P = .04) and lower adaptive behavior scores (P = .0067) than Group 2. Routine brain imaging studies could not explain the macrocephaly in Group 1. The etiology of large head circumference and increased growth indices in children with autism is unclear. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP Davidovitch, M (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,CTR DEV DISORDERS,CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,3333 BURNET AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45229, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T Bauer S, 1995, Pediatr Rev, V16, P130, DOI 10.1542/pir.16-4-130 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT CAMPBELL M, 1980, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V19, P193, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60697-X DEUTSCH SI, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF01531578 FISHMAN MA, 1990, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, P1838 GILLBERG C, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P343 HAMILL PVV, 1979, AM J CLIN NUTR, V32, P607 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P66 NELLHAUS G, 1968, PEDIATRICS, V41, P106 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SCHAIN RJ, 1960, J PEDIATR, V57, P563 SIMKO A, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V83, P547 SMITH RD, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P626 Sparrow SS, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE STEG JP, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF01540677 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL TIROSH E, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P84 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 WALKER HA, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01537727 NR 25 TC 93 Z9 95 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA VG486 UT WOS:A1996VG48600007 PM 8877607 ER PT J AU Rapin, I AF Rapin, I TI Practitioner review: Developmental language disorders: A clinical update SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE language acquisition; developmental language disorder; autism; epileptic aphasia; childhood aphasia; subtyping; diagnosis ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; PRAGMATIC DISORDER; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; VERBAL DYSPRAXIA; INFANTILE-AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; PERCEPTION AB Non-specialists can identify three types of developmental language disorder. (1) mixed receptive/expressive disorders, which impair phonology, syntax, and semantics. Children who understand nothing are nonverbal, in others speech is sparse, nonfluent, poorly intelligible, and agrammatic; (2) expressive disorders with adequate comprehension affect phonologic production predominantly. Children with verbal dyspraxia, the most severe variant, may also be nonverbal but comprehend well; (3) higher order processing disorders affect semantics, pragmatics, and discourse. Semantics and pragmatics are invariably affected in preschool autistic children in whom isolated expressive deficits do not occur. Etiology of developmental language disorders is predominantly genetic. Structural brain lesions detectable by neuroimaging are exceptional. Severe receptive deficits require a sleep EEG to detect subclinical epilepsy. Early educational intervention is both critical and efficacious. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. RP Rapin, I (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, ROOM 807 KENNEDY CTR, 1410 PELHAM PKWY S, BRONX, NY 10461 USA. CR ADAMS C, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P211 Ainsworth M. D. S., 1973, REV CHILD DEV RES, P1 Allen D., 1988, LANG COMMUN, P57 ALLEN DA, 1989, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V18, P442 ALLEN DA, 1992, INT CONGR SER, V965, P157 ALLEN DA, 1989, CHILD NEUROLOGY DEV, P233 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANISFELD M, 1984, LANGUAGE DEV BIRTH 3 ARAM DM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P232 ARAM DM, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P580 Aram DM, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P73 ARAM DM, 1975, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V18, P229 ASLIN RN, 1981, CHILD DEV, V52, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03159.x BACHEVALIER J, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P627, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90025-6 BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BATES E, 1988, LANG COMMUN, P19 Bates E., 1979, EMERGENCE SYMBOLS Bates E., 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V6, P69 Bates E., 1981, NATIVE LANGUAGE FORE, P190 BIEDERMAN J, 1986, J PSYCHIAT RES, V20, P263, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(86)90030-0 BISHOP DVM, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P1027, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00844.x Bishop D. V. M., 1987, LANGUAGE DEV DISORDE, P16 BISHOP DVM, 1987, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V29, P442 BISHOP DVM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P705 BISHOP DVM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00858.x BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P241 BLANK M, 1976, ORIGINS INTELLIGENCE, P251 BONVILLIAN JD, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P125, DOI 10.1007/BF01531345 Broman S, 1987, RETARDATION YOUNG CH CAPUTE AJ, 1986, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V28, P762 CARDON LR, 1994, SCIENCE, V266, P276, DOI 10.1126/science.7939663 Chomsky N., 1975, REFLECTIONS LANGUAGE COPLAN J, 1989, ELM SCALE EARLY LANG DAMASIO H, 1989, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V1, P3 DECRETON SJRC, 1991, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V21, P235, DOI 10.1016/0165-5876(91)90005-V DELLSALA S, 1993, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V1, P1 DEONNA T, 1993, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V2, P83 DEONNA TW, 1991, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V8, P288, DOI 10.1097/00004691-199107010-00005 DUGAS M, 1991, NATO ADV SCI I D-BEH, V60, P263 DUNN M, 1996, IN PRESS CHILD NEURO ECHENNE B, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P216 Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT FERRY PC, 1975, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V17, P749 Fletcher J., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR, P187 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND FRUMKIN B, 1980, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V18, P443, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(80)90147-5 GILLBERG C, 1992, CLIN DEV MED, V126 GILLBERG C, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P201 GLOOR P, 1978, LIMBIC MECHANISMS, P189 HACK M, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V325, P231, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199107253250403 HAGBERG B, 1983, ANN NEUROL, V14, P471, DOI 10.1002/ana.410140412 Hagberg B, 1993, RETT SYNDROME CLIN B HERTZIG ME, 1972, PEDIATRICS, V49, P814 HURST JA, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P352 JAYAKAR PB, 1991, J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL, V8, P299, DOI 10.1097/00004691-199107010-00006 Klein SK, 1995, BRAIN LANG, V51, P383, DOI 10.1006/brln.1995.1067 KUHL PK, 1992, SCIENCE, V255, P606, DOI 10.1126/science.1736364 LANDAU WM, 1957, NEUROLOGY, V7, P523 LENORMAND MT, 1995, NEUROSCIENCES COMPOR LEONARD LB, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V32, P233, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90126-X LERMAN P, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P257 LEWIS BA, 1992, J LEARN DISABIL, V25, P586 LOCKE JL, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P608 LOU HC, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLO 10, V6, P3311 MARESCAUX C, 1990, EPILEPSIA, V31, P768, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05518.x MARSLENWILSON W, 1994, PSYCHOL REV, V101, P653, DOI 10.1037//0033-295X.101.4.653 MELTZOFF AN, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P75, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4312.75 MONNIN LM, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P352 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 NASS R, 1989, BRAIN COGNITION, V9, P258, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90035-3 PAULS DL, 1986, NEW ENGL J MED, V315, P993, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198610163151604 PENNINGTON BF, 1991, SEMIN NEUROL, V11, P28, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1041202 PRIZANT BM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P183 Rapin I, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LANG, P155 RAPIN I, 1977, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V19, P192 Rapin I, 1995, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V2, P278, DOI 10.1016/S1071-9091(95)80007-7 RAPIN I, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139, P190 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x SMALLEY SL, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P125 Spitz RA, 1945, PSYCHOANAL STUD CHIL, V1, P53 STACKHOUSE J, 1992, EUR J DISORDER COMM, V27, P19 STAPELLS D R, 1989, Seminars in Hearing, V10, P229 SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1992, DEV WORD MEANING, P139 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 Tager-Flusberg H, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P92 TALLAL P, 1974, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V12, P83, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(74)90030-X TALLAL P, 1978, DEV DYSPHASIA TALLAL P, 1993, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V682, P27, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22957.x TREVARTHEN C, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LANG, P45 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1211 VANHOUT A, 1992, HDB NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P139 VIHMAN MM, 1994, J CHILD LANG, V21, P517 WHITEHURST GJ, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01210.x WILSON BC, 1986, BRAIN LANG, V27, P281, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(86)90021-0 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID Worster-Drought C, 1930, J NEUROL PSYCHOPATHO, V10, P193 YOSS KA, 1974, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V17, P399 NR 100 TC 84 Z9 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 1996 VL 37 IS 6 BP 643 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01456.x PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VH350 UT WOS:A1996VH35000002 PM 8894945 ER PT J AU Russell, J Jarrold, C Henry, L AF Russell, J Jarrold, C Henry, L TI Working memory in children with autism and with moderate learning difficulties SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; executive functions; working memory; mental handicap ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; AMNESIC SYNDROME; FRONTAL LOBES; WORD-LENGTH; FREE-RECALL; SPAN; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; TASK AB We asked whether children with autism are specifically impaired on tests of working memory. Experiment 1 showed that children with autism were at least as likely as normal children to employ articulatory rehearsal (criterion: evincing the ''word length effect'') and that they had superior spans to that of children with moderate learning difficulties. In Experiment 2, participants were given ''capacity tasks'' in order to examine group differences in the capacity of the central executive of working memory. The performance of the children with autism was inferior to that of the normally developing group and similar to that of the children with moderate learning difficulties. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 UNIV READING, DEPT PSYCHOL, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND. RP Russell, J (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT EXPT PSYCHOL, DOWNING ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EB, ENGLAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anderson M., 1992, INTELLIGENCE DEV COG ATWOOD ME, 1980, MEM COGNITION, V8, P182, DOI 10.3758/BF03213422 Baddeley A. D., 1986, WORKING MEMORY BADDELEY AD, 1975, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V14, P575, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80045-4 BADDELEY AD, 1974, RECENT ADV LEARNING, V8, P107 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02212859 BENNETTO L, IN PRESS CHILD DEV BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V72, P211 Carroll J. B., 1971, WORD FREQUENCY BOOK CASE R, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P51, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90061-P CASE R, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P386, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 COX R, 1992, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V24, P575, DOI 10.3758/BF03203608 DAIGNEAULT S, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V19, P48, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90037-M DANEMAN M, 1980, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V19, P450, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 DIAMOND A, 1991, J PIAGET SY, P67 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN GERSTADT CL, 1994, COGNITION, V53, P129, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-X GOEL V, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V33, P623, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(95)90866-P GOLDMANRAKIC PS, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P601, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01404.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R HENRY LA, 1991, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V43, P35 HENRY LA, 1991, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V51, P459, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(91)90088-A HENRY LA, 1993, EUR J COGN PSYCHOL, V5, P241, DOI 10.1080/09541449308520119 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HITCH GJ, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V82, P375 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V16, P543 Hulme C., 1992, WORKING MEMORY SEVER HULME C, 1984, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V38, P241, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90124-3 KIMBERG DY, 1993, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V122, P411, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.122.4.411 LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 Minshew N. J., 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P209, DOI DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.209 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PENNINGTON BF, 1994, FUTURE ORIENTED PROC, P56 ROBERTS RJ, 1994, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V123, P374, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.123.4.374 Russell J., 1996, AGENCY ITS ROLE MENT Russell J., 1995, BODY SELF, P127 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUSSELL J, 1995, BIENN M SOC RES CHIL SCHNEIDER SG, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF00916464 SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Shallice T., 1988, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY MENT SHIMAMURA AP, 1991, FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTIO, P23 SIEGEL LS, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P973, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03528.x STANDING L, 1980, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V71, P525 SWANSON HL, 1993, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V56, P87, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1993.1027 SWANSON HL, 1993, INTELLIGENCE, V17, P117, DOI 10.1016/0160-2896(93)90024-Y TABACHNICK BARBARA G., 1989, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2d TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P577, DOI 10.1007/BF02172139 TOWSE JN, 1995, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V48, P108 WARD G, IN PRESS Q J EXPT PS YUILL N, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V80, P351 NR 62 TC 106 Z9 110 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 1996 VL 37 IS 6 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01459.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VH350 UT WOS:A1996VH35000005 PM 8894948 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, W Bailey, A Rutter, M Bolton, P Baird, G LeCouteur, A AF Woodhouse, W Bailey, A Rutter, M Bolton, P Baird, G LeCouteur, A TI Head circumference in autism and other pervasive developmental disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorder; head circumference; macrocephaly; autism ID SOTOS SYNDROME; CHILDREN AB Recent studies have found that an unexpectedly large proportion of autistic children have large heads. Anthropometric measures of consecutive clinic attenders with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), other psychiatric or language disorders were analysed. Similar data were obtained from two schools for language disordered children. These data, combined with those from previous studies, indicate that about one-third of children with PDD have macrocephaly based on current percentile charts; this rate was significantly higher than in children with language disorder alone. The finding was not a consequence of recognizable medical disorders and suggests that PDD is sometimes associated with abnormal physical development. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,MRC,CHILD PSYCHIAT UNIT,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON,INST PSYCHIAT,SOCIAL GENET & DEV PSYCHIAT RES CTR,LONDON SE5 8AF,ENGLAND. CHILD & FAMILY GUIDANCE CLIN,SWINDON,WILTS,ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,SCH CLIN,CAMBRIDGE CB2 1TN,ENGLAND. GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP TRUST,LONDON,ENGLAND. FLEMING NUFFIELD UNIT,NEWCASTLE TYNE,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND. RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X CR BAILEY A, UNPUB CLINICOPATHOLO BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BARTKO JJ, 1976, J NERV MENT DIS, V163, P307, DOI 10.1097/00005053-197611000-00003 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 Bishop D. V. M., 1987, CLIN DEV MED, V101-2, P16 BOLTON P, 1990, International Review of Psychiatry, V2, P67, DOI 10.3109/09540269009028273 BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x Caviness V. S., 1992, ANN NEUROL, V32, P475 COLE IR, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V47, P115 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KEMPER TL, 1993, NEUROL CLIN, V11, P175 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LORBER J, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P494 MORROW JD, 1990, EUR J PEDIATR, V149, P567, DOI 10.1007/BF01957694 OUNSTED M, 1985, ARCH DIS CHILD, V60, P936 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 ROBINSON RJ, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P943 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x RUTTER SC, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P898 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 TANNER JM, 1978, GIRLS BIRTH 16 YEARS TANNER JM, 1978, BOYS BIRTH 16 YEARS WING L, 1976, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P25 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE Zapella M, 1990, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V3, P241 NR 27 TC 107 Z9 107 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 37 IS 6 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01458.x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VH350 UT WOS:A1996VH35000004 PM 8894947 ER PT J AU Dahlgren, SO Trillingsgaard, A AF Dahlgren, SO Trillingsgaard, A TI Theory of mind in non-retarded children with autism and Asperger's syndrome. A research note SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; theory; mind; non-retarded ID REPRESENTATION; ATTRIBUTION; ACCOUNT; BELIEFS AB In the present study, 20 non-retarded children with autism and 20 non-retarded children with Asperger's syndrome, individually matched to the group of children with autism, participated. No statistically significant differences between the groups were found in the theory of mind tasks. In fact, the two groups performed almost as well as a group of normal children. These findings suggest that the theory of mind model has its limitations in explaining autism and that children with Asperger's syndrome are not more competent in theory of mind tasks than children with autism within the normal range of intelligence. Copyright (C) 1996 Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. C1 AARHUS UNIV,RISSKOV,DENMARK. RP Dahlgren, SO (reprint author), GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,HARALDSGATAN 1,S-41314 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P379, DOI 10.1007/BF02212194 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1990, INT REV PSYCHIATR, V2, P79 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PERSPECTIVES CHILDS, P301 BOWLER DM, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x DAHLGREN SO, 1995, UNPUB THEORY MIND HA DAWSON G, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P383 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x EISENMAJER R, 1991, PERSPECTIVES CHILDS, P351 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEEKAM SR, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P901, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02301.x LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LESLIE AM, 1988, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P315 Leslie A.M., 1992, CURRENT DIRECTIONS P, V1, P18, DOI 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10767818 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x PERNER J, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V39, P437, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 PERNER J, 1989, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P122 PETERSON CC, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01303.x PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 SPARREVOHN R, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P249, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01823.x WECHSLER D, 1977, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Wing L, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P93, DOI DOI 10.1017/CB09780511526770.003 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS 1994, AUT COMM 2 C INT AUT NR 34 TC 75 Z9 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 37 IS 6 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01469.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA VH350 UT WOS:A1996VH35000015 PM 8894958 ER PT J AU Thacker, AJ Austen, S AF Thacker, AJ Austen, S TI Cluttered communication in a deafened adult with autistic features SO JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS LA English DT Article AB This is a case study of a 36-year-old man who was assessed by a psychiatric service for deaf people in London, England. Among the presenting symptoms of the client were poor eye contact, inconsistently hurried, poorly organized gross movement, apparent deficits in ability to establish rapport, grandiose content in the context of excellent writing skills, and, most relevant to this discussion, unintelligible speech marked by several types of disfluency. The client appeared to have little or no insight into his speech impairment. Formal and informal assessment procedures were used by the speech and language pathologist and clinical psychologist to distinguish the effects of childhood-onset deafness from those of autism, psychosis, depression, and/or a hitherto undiagnosed genetic or neurological disorder, Investigation included hematological and neurological tests. C1 PATHFINDER NATL DEAF SERV,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Thacker, AJ (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,CRANMER TERRACE,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. CR BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 FRASER M, SPEECH FDN AM PUBLIC, V12 Kyle James G., 1985, SIGN LANGUAGE STUDY, DOI Cambridge RUTTER M, 1987, LANGUAGE DEV DISORDE STLOUIS KO, 1985, J FLUENCY DISORD, V10, P151, DOI 10.1016/0094-730X(85)90008-7 TURK J, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V160, P24, DOI 10.1192/bjp.160.1.24 WING JK, 1983, MEASUREMENT CLASSIFI WOLK L, 1986, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V21, P199 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0094-730X J9 J FLUENCY DISORD JI J. Fluency Disord. PD SEP-DEC PY 1996 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0094-730X(96)00029-0 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Education, Special; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Education & Educational Research; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA VN680 UT WOS:A1996VN68000010 ER PT J AU Brodsky, MC Barber, LG Lam, BL Merin, LM Edelson, S AF Brodsky, MC Barber, LG Lam, BL Merin, LM Edelson, S TI Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in the Asperger disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asperger disorder; coloboma AB Asperger disorder is a complex behavioral disorder that may be related to autism. We examined a 49-year-old man with Asperger disorder who had multiple neuroophthalmologic abnormalities, including colobomatous defects involving the optic discs and peripapillary retina, and abnormal ocular motility with an oculocephalic dyskinesia. Asperger disorder may be associated with a variety of neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR. CTR STUDY AUSTIM,BEAVERTON,OR. CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 CREEL DJ, 1989, CLIN VIS SCI, V1, P85 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Naeeniyan M., 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P75 RITVO ER, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60611-7 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1070-8022 J9 J NEURO-OPHTHALMOL JI J. Neuro-Ophthal. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 16 IS 3 BP 185 EP 187 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA VC610 UT WOS:A1996VC61000005 PM 8865011 ER PT J AU Franke, P Maier, W Hautzinger, M Weiffenbach, O Gansicke, M Iwers, B Poustka, F Schwab, SG Froster, U AF Franke, P Maier, W Hautzinger, M Weiffenbach, O Gansicke, M Iwers, B Poustka, F Schwab, SG Froster, U TI Fragile-X carrier females: Evidence for a distinct psychopathological phenotype? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile-X syndrome; affective disorders; schizophrenia; autism ID AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS; CHROMOSOME; DISABILITY AB The present study examined 35 mothers (29 premutation carriers) of children with fragile-X syndrome in measures of intelligence and psychiatric disorders by comparing them with two control groups: a) 30 mothers of children in the general population and b) 17 mothers of non-fra-X retarded children with autism. Premutation carriers had a higher frequency of affective disorders than mothers from the general population. Preliminary data indicate that normally intelligent premutation carriers of the fra-X genetic abnormality have a similar frequency of affective disorders (DSM-III-R criteria [APA, 1987]) than mothers of autistic children, Neither carriers of the premutation nor carriers of the full mutation in the fra-X group obtained a diagnosis of the schizophrenia-spectrum (schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder). Carriers of the fra-X full mutation had considerably lower IQ than carriers of the fra-X premutation. There was a negative correlation between length of CGG repeats and IQ which failed to reach significance in both groups of fra-X carriers. Psychiatric morbidity was not restricted to carriers of the fra-X full mutation only but was also present in normal intelligent premutation carriers, Furthermore the age of onset of psychiatric morbidity in both groups of mothers of fra-X children as well as the group of mothers with autistic children was much earlier than the age when mental retardation had been diagnosed in their children. Increased psychosocial burden of raising a developmentally retarded child and/or feelings of guilt of being a fra-X carrier can therefore not fully explain our findings (three-fold higher frequencies of affective disorders compared to mothers from the general population). (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MAINZ,DEPT PSYCHOL,D-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. UNIV ZURICH,DEPT GYNECOL,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV FRANKFURT,DEPT CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,D-6000 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. RP Franke, P (reprint author), UNIV BONN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SIGMUND FREUD STR 25,D-53105 BONN,GERMANY. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CRONISTER A, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P503, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380272 FISCH GS, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V48, P112, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320480210 FREUND LS, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P54 FRYNS JP, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P157, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230110 HAGERMAN RJ, 1994, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V7, P155 HULL C, 1993, AM J DIS CHILD, V147, P1236 LECKMAN JF, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P879 MAIER W, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P871 Martin JP, 1943, J NEUROL PSYCHIATRY, V6, P154, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.6.3-4.154 NURNBERGER JI, 1994, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V51, P849 REISS AL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P25 REISS AL, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P884 REISS AL, 1989, AM J HUM GENET, V45, P697 SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 SOBESKY WE, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P247, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199402000-00014 STEYAERT J, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P370, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510414 THOMPSON NM, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P378, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540418 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 9 PY 1996 VL 64 IS 2 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<334::AID-AJMG20>3.3.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VA124 UT WOS:A1996VA12400021 PM 8844076 ER PT J AU Cohen, IL Nolin, SL Sudhalter, V Ding, XH Dobkin, CS Brown, WT AF Cohen, IL Nolin, SL Sudhalter, V Ding, XH Dobkin, CS Brown, WT TI Mosaicism for the FMR1 gene influences adaptive skills development in fragile X-affected males SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; mosaicism; adaptive functioning; autism ID EXPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; MUTATION; GAZE AB Fragile X syndrome is one of the most common forms of inherited mental retardation, and the first of a new class of genetic disorders associated with expanded trinucleotide repeats, Previously, we found that about 41% of affected males are mosaic for this mutation in that some of their blood cells have an active fragile X gene and others do not. It has been hypothesized that these mosaic cases should show higher levels of functioning than those who have only the inactive full mutation gene, but previous studies have provided negative or equivocal results, In the present study, the cross-sectional development of communication, self-care, socialization, and motor skills was studied in 46 males with fragile X syndrome under age 20 years as a function of two variables: age and the presence or absence of mosaicism, The rate of adaptive skills development was 2-4 times as great in mosaic cases as in full mutation cases, There was also a trend for cases with autism to be more prevalent in the full-mutation group. These results have implications for prognosis, for the utility of gene or protein replacement therapies for this disorder, and for understanding the association between mental retardation, developmental disorders, and fragile X syndrome, (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,DEPT HUMAN GENET,STATEN ISL,NY 10314. RP Cohen, IL (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,DEPT PSYCHOL,STATEN ISL,NY 10314, USA. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P33 ASHLEY CT, 1993, SCIENCE, V262, P563, DOI 10.1126/science.7692601 Belser RC, 1995, DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V8, P270 BROWN WT, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P1569, DOI 10.1001/jama.270.13.1569 Brown W T, 1992, Mol Genet Med, V2, P39 COHEN IL, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00286.x COHEN IL, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P498, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380271 COHEN IL, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P436 DEBOULLE K, 1993, NAT GENET, V3, P31, DOI 10.1038/ng0193-31 DEVRIES BBA, 1993, EUR J HUM GENET, V1, P72 Dobkin CS, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P296, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<296::AID-AJMG13>3.0.CO;2-A DYKENS EM, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P135, DOI 10.1007/BF01066423 FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 LACHIEWICZ AM, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P272 MCCONKIEROSELL A, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P800 NOLIN SL, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P509, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510444 PIERETTI M, 1991, CELL, V66, P817, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90125-I ROUSSEAU F, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P225 SILVERSTEIN AB, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P1 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE VERHEIJ C, 1993, NATURE, V363, P722, DOI 10.1038/363722a0 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 32 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 9 PY 1996 VL 64 IS 2 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<365::AID-AJMG26>3.0.CO;2-C PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VA124 UT WOS:A1996VA12400027 PM 8844082 ER PT J AU Holden, JJA Wing, M Chalifoux, M JulienInalsingh, C Schutz, C Robinson, P Szatmari, P White, BN AF Holden, JJA Wing, M Chalifoux, M JulienInalsingh, C Schutz, C Robinson, P Szatmari, P White, BN TI Lack of expansion of triplet repeats in the FMR1, FRAXE, and FRAXF loci in male multiplex families with autism and pervasive developmental disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism/PDD; Asperger syndrome; fragile X syndrome; FMR1 ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CGG REPEAT; SITE; DISTAL; IDENTIFICATION; MULTICENTER; INSTABILITY; INDIVIDUALS; METHYLATION AB Sib, twin, and family studies have shown that a genetic cause exists in many cases of autism, with a portion of cases associated with a fragile X chromosome, Three folate-sensitive fragile sites in the Xq27-->Xq28 region have been cloned and found to have polymorphic trinucleotide repeats at the respective sites; these repeats are amplified and methylated in individuals who are positive for the different fragile sites, We have tested affected boys and their mothers from 19 families with two autistic/PDD boys for amplification and/or instability of the triplet repeats at these loci and concordance of inheritance of alleles by affected brothers, In all cases, the triplet repeat numbers were within the normal range, with no individuals having expanded or premutation-size alleles, For each locus, there was no evidence for an increased frequency of concordance, indicating that mutations within these genes are unlikely to be responsible for the autistic/PDD phenotypes in the affected boys, Thus, we think it is important to retest those autistic individuals who were cytogenetically positive for a fragile X chromosome, particularly cases where there is no family history of the fragile X syndrome, using the more accurate DNA-based testing procedures, (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. RP Holden, JJA (reprint author), ONGWANADA RESOURCE CTR,CYTOGENET & DNA RES LAB,191 PORTSMOUTH AVE,KINGSTON,ON K7M 8A6,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BLOMQUIST HK, 1985, CLIN GENET, V27, P113 BROWN WT, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF01531375 BROWN WT, 1986, AM J MED GENET, V23, P341, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320230126 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x COHEN IL, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V48, P195 EINFELD S, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V34, P187, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320340211 FU YH, 1991, CELL, V67, P1047, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90283-5 GLOVER TW, 1981, AM J HUM GENET, V33, P234 HALLMAYER J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P951 HIRST MC, 1993, HUM MOL GENET, V2, P197, DOI 10.1093/hmg/2.2.197 Holden JJA, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V64, P313, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<313::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-I KNIGHT SJL, 1993, CELL, V74, P127, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-F KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEVINE M, 1986, LEITER INT PEFORMANC LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MERYASH DL, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531374 OBERLE I, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1097, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 PARRISH JE, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P229, DOI 10.1038/ng1194-229 PIVEN J, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P825, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(10)80023-1 RITCHIE RJ, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P2115, DOI 10.1093/hmg/3.12.2115 RUTTER M, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02273.x Silliman E. R., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P225 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 VERKERK AJMH, 1991, CELL, V65, P905, DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-H WATSON MS, 1984, NEW ENGL J MED, V310, P1462 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE YU S, 1991, SCIENCE, V252, P1179, DOI 10.1126/science.252.5009.1179 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 9 PY 1996 VL 64 IS 2 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960809)64:2<399::AID-AJMG33>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VA124 UT WOS:A1996VA12400036 PM 8844091 ER PT J AU daSilva, EA Chugani, DC Chugani, HT Behen, M AF daSilva, EA Chugani, DC Chugani, HT Behen, M TI Infantile autism: Brain glucose metabolism abnormalities SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 40 IS 2 BP 108 EP 108 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VC689 UT WOS:A1996VC68900137 ER PT J AU Mott, SH Weinstein, SL Conry, JA Kenworthy, LE Lockwood, S Wagner, A Packer, RJ AF Mott, SH Weinstein, SL Conry, JA Kenworthy, LE Lockwood, S Wagner, A Packer, RJ TI Pervasive developmental disorder/autism versus Landau-Kleffner syndrome: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy characterized by language and social interactive impairment SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 40 IS 2 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VC689 UT WOS:A1996VC68900205 ER PT J AU Minshew, NM Goldstein, G Siegel, DJ AF Minshew, NM Goldstein, G Siegel, DJ TI Complex memory impairments in autism: Evidence of cortical dysfunction SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 40 IS 2 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VC689 UT WOS:A1996VC68900207 ER PT J AU Halsey, CL Collin, MF Anderson, CL AF Halsey, CL Collin, MF Anderson, CL TI Extremely low-birth-weight children and their peers a comparison of school-age outcomes SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; FOLLOW-UP; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; INFANTS; GRAMS; LESS; PERFORMANCE; SURVIVAL; HEMORRHAGE; HEALTH AB Objective: 70 document 7-year developmental and educational outcomes in a cohort of predominantly while, middle-class, extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g) children to address the incidence of increased developmental disability and the need for special educational services. Design: Observational study. Patients: Fifty-four ELBW children and 58 comparison children, who were matched for race, gender, and socioeconomic status (30 with low birth weights [1509-2500 g] and 28 with birth weights >2500 g). The ELBW cohort was drawn from 104 presurfactant survivors born between 1984 and 1986 and cared for in a single hospital. Setting: Suburban, university-based tertiary referral center. Main Outcome Measures: Teachers' reports of classroom placement and special education scn ices and tests of cognitive, motor, language, and visual-motor integration abilities were studied. Results: Twenty-seven (50%) of 54 ELBW children were in regular classrooms with n0 special services compared with 21 (70%) of 30 in the low-birth-weight group and 27 (93%) of 28 in the lull-term group, indicating a significant trend toward increasing need for special services with decreasing birth weight across the 3 groups (P<.001). The ELBW group scored significantly lower than the comparison groups on all tests, although gen generally within the average range. Seventy-nine percent of ELBW children had average cognitive scores, but they averaged 14 to 17 points lower than the 2 comparison groups. Twenty percent of the ELBW children had significant disabilities including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, autism, and low intelligence with severe learning problems. Conclusions: Even with optimal socioeconomic environments, 20% of ELBW children are significantly disabled, and 1 of every 2 ELBW children requires special educational services. Objective testing pinpointed weakness on all measures compared with matched peer groups. C1 METROHLTH MED CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. RP Halsey, CL (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,2160 S 1ST AVE,MAYWOOD,IL 60153, USA. CR Achenbach TM, 1986, MANUAL TEACHERS REPO ALLEN MC, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V329, P1597, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199311253292201 [Anonymous], 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P540 AYLWARD GP, 1985, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V6, P3 Beery K.E., 1989, VMI DEV TEST VISUAL BHUSHAN V, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P1094 COLLIN MF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P115 CROWE TK, 1988, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V9, P189 CUMMINS SK, 1993, J PEDIATR-US, V123, P230, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81693-2 DESMOND MM, 1980, CURR PROBL PEDIATR, P3 DRILLIEN C, 1983, DEV SCREENING CHILD, P243 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA EILERS BL, 1986, PEDIATRICS, V77, P203 ESCOBAR GJ, 1991, ARCH DIS CHILD, V66, P204 FANAROFF AA, 1995, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V173, P1423, DOI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90628-2 GROGAARD JB, 1990, J PEDIATR-US, V117, P139, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)72462-8 HACK M, 1989, NEW ENGL J MED, V321, P1642, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198912143212405 HACK M, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V331, P753, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199409223311201 HALSEY CL, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V91, P807 HIRATA T, 1983, J PEDIATR-US, V102, P741, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(83)80250-9 *IL DEP PUBL HLTH, 1993, REP MAT NEWB SERV RE KITCHEN W, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V111, P761, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80264-0 KITCHEN WH, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P761 KLEIN NK, 1988, J SPEC EDUC, V22, P41 LEFEBVRE F, 1988, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V30, P170 LOSSE A, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P55 MARLOW N, 1989, ARCH DIS CHILD, V64, P839 McCarthy D, 1972, MANUAL MCCARTHY SCAL Msall M E, 1994, J Perinatol, V14, P41 MSALL ME, 1992, AM J DIS CHILD, V146, P1371 NELSON KB, 1982, PEDIATRICS, V69, P529 NICKEL RE, 1982, AM J DIS CHILD, V136, P105 PAPILE LA, 1978, J PEDIATR-US, V92, P529, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80282-0 ROBERTSON C, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V93, P636 SAIGAL S, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P751, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80043-5 TEPLIN SW, 1991, J PEDIATR-US, V118, P768, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80045-9 VOHR B, 1992, J PEDIATR-US, V121, P280, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81204-1 VOHR BR, 1985, PEDIATRICS, V76, P345 VOLPE JJ, 1987, NEUROLOGY NEWBORN, P334 YOUNG EWD, 1990, AM J DIS CHILD, V144, P549 NR 40 TC 76 Z9 76 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 150 IS 8 BP 790 EP 794 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VA868 UT WOS:A1996VA86800003 PM 8704883 ER PT J AU Happe, F Frith, U AF Happe, F Frith, U TI The neuropsychology of autism SO BRAIN LA English DT Review DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; cognitive development; neuropsychology ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-DAMAGED PATIENTS; NONVERBAL LEARNING-DISABILITIES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; NORMAL-CHILDREN AB In this review, we aim to bring together major trends in autism research at three levels: biology, behaviour and cognition. We propose that cognitive theories are vital in neuropsychology, which seeks to make connections between brain abnormality and behavioural symptoms. Research at each of the three levels is incomplete, but important advances have been made. At the biological level, there is strong evidence for genetic factors, although the mechanism is, as yet, unknown. At the behavioural level, diagnosis and education are becoming more coherent and less controversial, although the possibility of autism subtypes has provoked new debate. At the cognitive level, three major theories are proving fruitful (mentalizing impairment, executive dysfunction and weak central coherence), although the relation and overlap between these is uncertain. Rapidly advancing technology and methodology (e.g. brain imaging, gene mapping), as tools of cognitive theory may help to make autism one of the first developmental disorders to be understood at the neuropsychological level. C1 MRC, COGNIT DEV UNIT, LONDON WC1H 0BT, ENGLAND. UCL, LONDON, ENGLAND. RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; CR AITKEN K, 1991, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, V33, P930 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON GM, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P227 ANDERSON GM, 1990, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V600, P331, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16893.x Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 AUGUST GJ, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P137, DOI 10.1007/BF02212725 BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 Bachevalier J., 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P146 BACHYRITA P, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P547, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90033-K Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 BAILEY A, 1993, LANCET, V341, P1225, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91065-T BALDWIN DA, 1996, IN PRESS JOINT ATTEN BALDWIN DA, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P832, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.5.832 Baltaxe C, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P201 Baltaxe CA, 1977, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V2, P176, DOI DOI 10.1093/JPEPSY/2.4.176 BARONCOHEN S, 1996, IN PRESS BR J PSYCHI Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Baron-Cohen S., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARONCOHEN S, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V165, P640, DOI 10.1192/bjp.165.5.640 BARONCOHEN S, 1996, IN PRESS CHILD DEV BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY BARTH C, 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V11, P53 Bartlett F. C., 1932, REMEMBERING BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107 BISHOP DVM, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P79 BLAIR RJR, 1996, IN PRESS J FORENSIC BLAIR RJR, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-P BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF01531512 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x Bretherton I., 1992, SOCIAL REFERENCING S, P57 BROOKSHIRE RH, 1984, BRAIN LANG, V21, P21, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(84)90033-6 BROTHERS L, 1992, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V4, P107, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.107 BROWNELL HH, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P375, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90063-T BRYAN KL, 1988, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V23, P111 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x Byrne R. W., 1988, MACHIAVELLIAN INTELL CAMPBELL R, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P1123, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90050-X CAPARULO BK, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P338, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60993-6 CHARMAN AR, 1994, THESIS U LONDON CHARMAN T, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P403, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006015 Chess S, 1977, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V7, P68 Chess S, 1971, PSYCHIAT DISORDERS C Chomsky N, 1980, RULES REPRESENTATION Cohen D., 1995, MANUAL DEV PSYCHOPAT, V1, P357 COOK EH, 1990, SYNAPSE, V6, P292, DOI 10.1002/syn.890060309 COOK EH, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P488, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90192-8 CORCORAN R, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V17, P5, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00024-G COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 COURCHESNE E, 1996, IN PRESS BEHAV NEURO COURCHESNE E, 1993, AM J ROENTGENOL, V160, P387 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DEONNA T, 1993, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V35, P158 Deonna T, 1995, NEUROCASE, V1, P91, DOI 10.1080/13554799508402352 DEONNA T, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01061.x DUDLEYMARLING CC, 1981, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V4, P307, DOI 10.2307/1510954 Duncan John, 1995, P721 DUNN M, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P45 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x EISENBERG L, 1956, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V26, P556 ELIA M, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P6 ELLIS HD, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P255 ESLINGER PJ, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P1731 ESLINGER PJ, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P257 FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FISCH GS, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P47, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430107 FLETCHER PC, 1995, COGNITION, V57, P109, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(95)00692-R FOLDI NS, 1987, BRAIN LANG, V31, P88, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(87)90062-9 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FREEMAN BJ, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P459, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60565-3 FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 Frith C., 1992, COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCH FRITH CD, 1996, IN PRESS PSYCHOL MED Frith CD, 1991, SOCIAL PSYCHIAT THEO, P65 Frith U., 1983, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V1, P329, DOI 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x FRITH U, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V346, P97, DOI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0133 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN FRITH U, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P123 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GARBER HJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P532 GEORGE MS, 1992, J NERV MENT DIS, V180, P413, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199207000-00002 GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 GILLBERG C, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P68, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.68 GILLBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01531356 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Gillberg IC, 1993, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V2, P50 GILLBERG IC, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P920 GOODMAN R, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P813 GOODMAN R, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P809, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00820.x GRANDIN T, 1984, J ORTHOMOL MED, V13, P144 GRATTAN LM, 1994, NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE, V7, P251 GREEN WH, 1984, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V23, P399, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60317-4 GREENBLATT E, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P121 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x HAPPE F, 1996, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY Happe F., 1994, AUTISM INTRO PSYCHOL HAPPE F, 1996, IN PRESS BR J DEV PS HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P215, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01159.x HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Happe FGE, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.007 HARLOW HF, 1962, B MENNINGER CLIN, V26, P213 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HAUSER SL, 1975, BRAIN, V98, P667, DOI 10.1093/brain/98.4.667 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V58, P213 HERMELIN B, 1986, PSYCHOL MED, V16, P885 HEROLD S, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P823 HETZLER BE, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01531514 HIRST W, 1984, BRAIN LANG, V23, P26, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(84)90003-8 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P671, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00191.x Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 JOHNSON MH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P316 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1973, CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS, P189 KASARI C, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P353, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00997.x KLIN A, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF02206995 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x KLIN A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P861, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01961.x KLING A S, 1992, P353 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P385, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.385 LANDA R, 1991, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V34, P1339 LESLIE AM, 1987, PSYCHOL REV, V94, P412, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.94.4.412 LEWIN J, 1993, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V163, P674, DOI 10.1192/bjp.163.5.674 Lincoln AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P504 LISTER S, 1992, THESIS U LONDON LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LORD C, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P191 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x LORD C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x LORD C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02284760 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 Lotter V., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P475 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MACDONALD H, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 MAZOYER BM, 1993, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V5, P467, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1993.5.4.467 Meltzoff A. N., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P335 MELTZOFF AN, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P217, DOI 10.2307/1130404 MELTZOFF AN, 1977, SCIENCE, V198, P75, DOI 10.1126/science.198.4312.75 MINDERAA RB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P409 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P65 MINTON J, 1982, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V21, P256, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60880-3 MIRENDA PL, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P347 MISHKIN M, 1978, NATURE, V273, P297, DOI 10.1038/273297a0 Mundy P, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P181 NADEAU SE, 1995, NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE, V8, P143 NARAYAN M, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V34, P746, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90048-I NARAYAN M, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P630, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90102-J OCONNOR N, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P1 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 PANKSEPP J, 1979, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V2, P174, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 PENNINGTON BF, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P153, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004314 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x PERNER J, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P689, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x PIVEN J, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P734 PIVEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P51, DOI 10.1007/BF02206997 POVINELLI DJ, 1990, J COMP PSYCHOL, V104, P203, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.104.3.203 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 Rapin I, 1983, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LANG, P155 RICKS DM, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF01538152 RIDLEY RM, 1991, BRAIN RES REV, V16, P15, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(91)90018-4 RIDLEY RM, 1983, ETHOPHARMACOLOGY PRI, P101 RIDLEY RM, 1994, PROG NEUROBIOL, V44, P221, DOI 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90039-6 RIIKONEN R, 1981, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V23, P747 Rimland B., 1984, MENTAL RETARDATION D, V13, P155 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 RITVO ER, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1615 RITVO ER, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P146 ROBBINS TW, 1994, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V57, P79, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.57.1.79 Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043 ROSS ED, 1981, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V38, P561 ROSS ED, 1979, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V36, P144 Rourke B.P., 1985, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LEAR RUDY JW, 1991, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V24, P221, DOI 10.1002/dev.420240404 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P481 RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 RUTTER M, 1967, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V113, P1183, DOI 10.1192/bjp.113.504.1183 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SEGALOWITZ SJ, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P1, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90058-T Selfe L., 1977, NADIA CASE EXTRAORDI SEMRUDCLIKEMAN M, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P196, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.196 SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SIGMAN M, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02409576 SLOMAN L, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P165 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SMALLEY SL, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P339, DOI 10.1007/BF01048239 SMALLEY SL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P271, DOI 10.1007/BF02284724 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x STUBBS EG, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P183, DOI 10.1007/BF02409660 Swettenham J G, 1996, Cogn Neuropsychiatry, V1, P73, DOI 10.1080/135468096396712 SZATMARI P, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P897, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01917.x TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 Tager-Flusberg H., 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P138 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1985, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V40, P450, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90077-3 TANTAM D, 1989, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V154, P410 TANTAM D, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V153, P783, DOI 10.1192/bjp.153.6.783 TEMPLE CM, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P3 Tinbergen N., 1983, AUTISTIC CHILDREN NE TODD RD, 1986, PSYCHIAT DEV, V4, P147 Tomasello M., 1992, SOCIAL DEV, V1, P67, DOI [10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x, DOI 10.1111/1467-9507.EP12953134] Turner M. A., 1996, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE UPTON D, 1995, CORTEX, V31, P405 VARGHAKHADEM F, 1992, BRAIN, V115, P315, DOI 10.1093/brain/115.1.315 Venter A., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P187 VOLDEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02284755 VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 WEINBERGER DR, 1986, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V43, P114 WEINBERGER DR, 1991, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V48, P282 WEINTRAUB S, 1983, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V40, P463 WELSH MC, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1697, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03560.x WEYLMAN ST, 1989, BRAIN LANG, V36, P580, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90087-4 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 WOLFF S, 1980, PSYCHOL MED, V10, P85 YIRMIYA N, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P725, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00785.x ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 ZILBOVICIUS M, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P924 NR 253 TC 156 Z9 157 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-8950 J9 BRAIN JI Brain PD AUG PY 1996 VL 119 BP 1377 EP 1400 DI 10.1093/brain/119.4.1377 PN 4 PG 24 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VJ953 UT WOS:A1996VJ95300030 PM 8813299 ER PT J AU Honda, H Shimizu, Y Misumi, K Niimi, M Ohashi, Y AF Honda, H Shimizu, Y Misumi, K Niimi, M Ohashi, Y TI Cumulative incidence and prevalence of childhood autism in children in Japan SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; TOTAL POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; DISORDER AB Background. An epidemiological survey of childhood autism as defined in ICD-10 Research Criteria was conducted in the northern part of Yokohama, Japan. Method. The routine health checkup for 18-month-old children served as the initial mass-screening, and all facilities which provide child care services function to detect all cases with childhood autism and refer them to the Yokohama Rehabilitation Centre. Cumulative incidence of childhood autism up to 5 years of age among the birth cohort of 1988, and prevalence on 1 January 1994, among residents born in 1988 were estimated. Results. Cumulative incidence and prevalence were 16.2 per 10 000 and 21.1 per 10 000, respectively. Children with high-functioning autism who had IQs of 70 and over constituted approximately half of all the children with childhood autism. Conclusion. it was confirmed through better detection of high-functioning cases that childhood autism in Japan is more common than formerly estimated. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA,GRAD SCH MED SCI,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & MED INFORMAT SCI,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,FAC MED,SCH HLTH SCI & NURSING,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Honda, H (reprint author), YOKOHAMA REHABIL CTR,DEPT MED,KOHOKU KU,1770 TORIYAMA CHO,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 222,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 CHESS S, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01537741 Cox Roger D., 1995, P57 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FOMBONNE E, 1992, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V27, P203, DOI 10.1007/BF00789007 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 JOHNSON MH, 1992, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V34, P316 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 RUTTER M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF01046322 STEIN Z, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P444, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61639-3 STEINHAUSEN HC, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P186, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60225-9 SUGIYAMA T, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02212720 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 Tsai L. Y., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P11 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x VOLKMAR FR, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1361 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 23 TC 84 Z9 86 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 1996 VL 169 IS 2 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1192/bjp.169.2.228 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VB341 UT WOS:A1996VB34100016 PM 8871801 ER PT J AU Awad, GA AF Awad, GA TI The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in young children with pervasive developmental disorders: Some clinical observations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article DE autism; pervasive developmental disorders; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISTIC DISORDER; FLUOXETINE AB Objective: To study the effects of a new group of psychotropic medications, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), on some symptoms of young children (under 7 years old) with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Method: Open clinical trial. Results: Medications produced positive results in half the children, particularly those with obsessional, repetitive, and anxiety symptoms. The medication was discontinued in half the children: one-quarter for worsening of symptoms and the other quarter for doubtful side effects. Conclusions: SSRIs may have a role to play in ameliorating some symptoms of PDD. Further studies with standardized measurements, however, are needed to elucidate which children and what symptoms could benefit from which medication. C1 UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. RP Awad, GA (reprint author), HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,555 UNIV AVE,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. CR BIRMAHER B, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P993, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199409000-00009 BROWN WA, 1995, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V56, P30 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P246, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00019 Campbell M, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P134, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 COOK EH, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P739, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00024 GAULTERI CT, 1987, NEUROLOGICAL ISSUES, P373 GELLER DA, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P36, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199501000-00011 GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441 JOSHI PT, 1989, P 36 ANN M AM AC CHI MCDOUGLE CJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537, DOI 10.1007/BF02216058 MEHLINGER R, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P985, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199011000-00032 SLOMAN L, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P165 Small A. M., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P341 TODD R, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1029 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 200, 237 ARGYLE AVE, OTTAWA ON K2P 1B8, CANADA SN 0706-7437 J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 41 IS 6 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VC581 UT WOS:A1996VC58100006 PM 8862855 ER PT J AU Bennetto, L Pennington, BF Rogers, SJ AF Bennetto, L Pennington, BF Rogers, SJ TI Intact and impaired memory functions in autism SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FRONTAL-LOBE LESIONS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; WORKING-MEMORY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; SOURCE AMNESIA; CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION; BEHAVIOR AB This study examined memory functions in individuals with autism. Based on previous evidence of executive function (EF) deficits, we hypothesized that subjects with autism would demonstrate a pattern of intact and impaired memory functions similar to that found in other groups with EF deficits, such as patients with frontal lobe pathology. We compared the performance of high-functioning children and adolescents with autism (n = 19) and clinical comparison subjects (n = 19) matched on sex, CA, and VIQ on measures of memory and EF. The group with autism performed significantly worse than comparison subjects on measures of temporal order memory, source memory, supraspan free recall, working memory, and EF, but not on short- and long-term recognition, cued recall, or new learning ability, consistent with the predictions of the EF theory. The cognitive measures were significantly more intercorrelated in the autism group than the comparison group, consistent with a limit in central cognition. C1 UNIV COLORADO, CTR HLTH SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP Bennetto, L (reprint author), UNIV DENVER, DEPT PSYCHOL, 2155 S RACE ST, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. CR AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 BACHEVALIER J, 1991, ADV NEUROPSYCHIATRY, V1, P129 Baddeley A. D., 1986, WORKING MEMORY Baddeley A. D., 1974, PSYCHOL LEARN MOTIV, V8, P47, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1 Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BARTAK L, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V126, P127, DOI 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 BORNSTEIN RA, 1990, PSYCHIAT RES, V33, P73, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(90)90150-4 BORYS SV, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P87, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90008-X BOUCHER J, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00457.x BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P293, DOI 10.1007/BF01531512 BROWN AL, 1971, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V11, P401, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(71)90045-2 Carpenter P. A., 1989, COMPLEX INFORMATION, P31 CARPENTER PA, 1990, PSYCHOL REV, V97, P404, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.404 Case R., 1985, INTELLECTUAL DEV BIR CASE R, 1992, BRAIN COGNITION, V20, P51, DOI 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90061-P CASE R, 1982, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V33, P386, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(82)90054-6 CERMAK LS, 1974, BRAIN LANG, V1, P141, DOI 10.1016/0093-934X(74)90030-3 CHAPMAN LJ, 1978, J PSYCHIAT RES, V14, P303, DOI 10.1016/0022-3956(78)90034-1 Cohen J., 1983, APPLIED MULTIPLE REG, V3rd COHEN JD, 1992, PSYCHOL REV, V99, P45, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.45 COURCHESNE E, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D CRAIK FIM, 1990, PSYCHOL AGING, V5, P148, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.5.1.148 CUMMINGS JL, 1993, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V50, P873 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 DANEMAN M, 1980, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V19, P450, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6 DELIS DC, 1986, CALIFORNIA VERBAL LE DELONG GR, 1992, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V16, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(05)80052-1 DeMeyer M K, 1972, J Autism Child Schizophr, V2, P264 DENNIS M, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P327 DIAMOND A, 1994, J NEUROSCI, V14, P3072 Dunn LM, 1965, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA ESLINGER PJ, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P44 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 FRYE D, 1992, UNPUB COGNITIVE BASI FUSTER JM, 1985, HUM NEUROBIOL, V4, P169 GARDNER MF, 1979, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GILHOOLY KJ, 1980, BEHAV RES METH INSTR, V12, P395, DOI 10.3758/BF03201693 GOLD J, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P81 Goldman-Rakic P. S., 1987, HDB PHYSL 1, V5, P373 GRANT DA, 1948, J EXP PSYCHOL, V38, P404, DOI 10.1037/h0059831 GRODZINSKY GM, 1992, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P427 HALFORD GS, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1338, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00820.x Heaton RK, 1993, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI HERMELIN B, 1975, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V66, P203 Hollingshead A. B., 1975, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 JANOWSKY JS, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V27, P1043, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90184-X JETTER W, 1986, CORTEX, V22, P229 KYLLONEN PC, 1990, INTELLIGENCE, V14, P389, DOI 10.1016/S0160-2896(05)80012-1 Levin H. S., 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P171, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.8.2.171 MAZZOCCO MMM, 1992, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V31, P1141, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199211000-00025 MCEVOY RE, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P563, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01036.x MILNER B, 1971, BRIT MED BULL, V27, P272 MILNER B, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V29, P601, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90013-X MILNER B, 1985, HUM NEUROBIOL, V4, P137 Minshew N. J., 1993, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V7, P209, DOI DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.209 MINSHEW NJ, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P762, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90017-8 MOSCOVITCH M, 1992, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V4, P257, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.257 Moscovitch M., 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V8, P524, DOI DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.8.4.524 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 PENNINGTON BF, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P153, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004314 Pennington B.F, 1994, FUTURE ORIENTED PROC, P243 PENNINGTON BF, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P511, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.511 Plans Grafman J., 1989, INTEGRATING THEORY P, P93 PRIOR MR, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF01538055 PRIOR M, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P581, DOI 10.1007/BF02216063 RAMONDO N, 1984, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V75, P95 RAYMOND G, 1989, ANN NEUROL, V26, P483 ROGERS SJ, IN PRESS CHILD DEV RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUSSELL J, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P331 RUTTER M, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P513, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00129.x RYBASH JM, 1994, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V10, P67 SCHACTER DL, 1984, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V23, P593, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90373-6 SCHACTER DL, 1987, PSYCHOBIOLOGY, V15, P21 Schopler E., 1986, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT SHIMAMURA AP, 1990, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V28, P803, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90004-8 SIEGEL LS, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P973, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03528.x SIGMAN M, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D Squire LR, 1987, MEMORY BRAIN STUSS DT, 1982, J COMP PHYSIOL PSYCH, V96, P913, DOI 10.1037/0735-7036.96.6.913 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P417 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL TOGLIA MP, 1978, HDB SEMATNIC WORD NO TOWSE JN, 1995, Q J EXPT PSYCHOL, V48, P1208 WELSH MC, 1988, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V4, P199 WELSH MC, 1990, CHILD DEV, V61, P1697, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03560.x WELSH MC, 1991, COGNITIVE DEV, V6, P59, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(91)90006-Y WELSH MC, 1991, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P131 Woodcock R. W., 1989, WOODCOCK JOHNSON PSY YIRMIYA N, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P150, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb03603.x NR 96 TC 241 Z9 245 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1816 EP 1835 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01830.x PG 20 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VP344 UT WOS:A1996VP34400034 PM 8890510 ER PT J AU Seligman, M AF Seligman, M TI Siblings of children with autism: A guide for families - Harris,SL SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP Seligman, M (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT EDUC PSYCHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA, USA. CR Harris Sandra L., 1994, SIBLINGS CHILDREN AU Powell T. H., 1993, BROTHERS SISTERS SPE Stoneman Z., 1993, EFFECT MENTAL RETARD NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 41 IS 8 BP 800 EP 800 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VA971 UT WOS:A1996VA97100033 ER PT J AU Ticher, A Ring, A Barak, Y Elizur, A Weizman, A AF Ticher, A Ring, A Barak, Y Elizur, A Weizman, A TI Circannual pattern of autistic births: Reanalysis in three ethnic groups SO HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; year of birth; circannual; environment ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; SEASON; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVALENCE; INFLUENZA; EXPOSURE AB Seasonal variations in births of autistic subjects have been reported for the United States, Canada, Sweden, Japan, and Israel. Here, data from England, Japan, and Israel are reanalyzed using spectral analysis for the cosine function. A sample of 583 autistic births occurring over 40 years (1947-1989) is meta-analyzed, focusing on rhythmicity. Major periodicities of 17.6, 18.6, and 21.8 years, on which minor periodicities ranging from 2.2 to 4.1 years were superimposed, yielded the best-fitting cosine function to significantly explain variance of autistic birth patterns. It is interesting that the function composed of a major period with several minor periods is remarkably similar in each of the three ethnic groups. In all three countries the acrophases (calculated function) aggregate in the period 1963-1970. In light of this apparent universality of rhythms in autistic births across continents, we call for further investigations into the role of environmental factors, possibly viral pandemics, in the etiology of autism. C1 ABARBANEL MENTAL HLTH CTR,IL-59100 BAT YAM,ISRAEL. GEHA MENTAL HOSP,PETAH TIQWA,ISRAEL. FELSENSTEIN MED RES CTR,PETAH TIQWA,ISRAEL. RP Ticher, A (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER FAC MED,DEPT HUMAN GENET,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Aschoff J., 1981, HDB BEHAVIORAL NEURO, P3 ASHKENAZI IE, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V52, P1250 BARAK Y, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P798 BARR CE, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P869 Bartlik B D, 1981, J Am Med Womens Assoc, V36, P363 BLIZARD JB, 1984, CYCLES, V35, P79 BOLTON P, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P509, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00888.x DALEN P, 1989, SEASON BIRTH STUDY S EDWARDS JH, 1961, ANN HUM GENET, V25, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1961.tb01501.x FOSSEY E, 1992, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V37, P229 GILLBERG C, 1990, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V82, P153 Hawkins G., 1965, STONEHENGE DECODED HUXLEY J, 1964, NATURE, V204, P220, DOI 10.1038/204220a0 KONSTANTAREAS MM, 1986, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V17, P53, DOI 10.1007/BF00707913 LEWIS MS, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V15, P59 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 MATTES A, 1991, CHRONOBIOL INT, V8, P460, DOI 10.3109/07420529109059182 MATTOCK C, 1988, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V51, P753, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.753 OCALLAGHAN E, 1991, LANCET, V337, P1248, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92919-S PERCY CL, 1980, DHHS PUBLICATION NIH POMA A, 1981, J INTERDISC CYCLE RE, V3, P237 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 Rutter M., 1978, AUTISM REAPPRAISAL C, P1 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 TICHER A, 1995, HUM BIOL, V67, P769 TICHER A, 1994, BIOL RHYTHM RES, V25, P442, DOI 10.1080/09291019409360314 TSAI LY, 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P180 VIDEBECH P, 1984, HUM GENET, V65, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF00286507 YOUNG JG, 1990, APPL BASIC NEUROSCIE, P123 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 PU WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS PI DETROIT PA 4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 SN 0018-7143 J9 HUM BIOL JI Hum. Biol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 68 IS 4 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA VB526 UT WOS:A1996VB52600009 PM 8754264 ER PT J AU Siegel, DJ Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G AF Siegel, DJ Minshew, NJ Goldstein, G TI Wechsler IQ profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; WISC-R; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; INTERVIEW; LANGUAGE; PATTERNS; SCATTER AB A Wechsler Intelligence Scale profile characterized by VIQ < PIQ with lowest subtest score on Comprehension and highest on Block Design has been associated with autism. Recently, this profile has been applied to assess the accuracy of diagnosis in research samples and for differentiating autism from similar disorders in high-functioning individuals. Universality of this profile, however, has not been sufficiently demonstrated We therefore examined WISC-R and WAIS-R profile characteristics in 81 rigorously diagnosed high-functioning (VIQ and FSIQ > 70) children (n = 45) and adults (n = 36) with autism. Analysis of the profiles in these groups did nor reveal the presumed typical VIQ < PIQ pattern. The typical subtest pattern was found, but the magnitude of profile variability was small. We concluded that individuals with autism can demonstrate a wide range of ability levels and patterns on the Wechsler scales, without a single characteristic prototype. Use of IQ score profiles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of autism in high-functioning individuals is not considered valid. C1 HIGHLAND DR VET ADM MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. RP Siegel, DJ (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN,3811 OHARA ST,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. CR ALLEN MH, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P483, DOI 10.1007/BF02206872 American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASARNOW RF, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P273, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00210.x Freeman BJ, 1985, J PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL, V4, P357 Hollingshead A.B., 1957, 2 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 KANNER L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P119, DOI 10.1007/BF01537953 KAUFMAN AS, 1976, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V44, P739, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.44.5.739 KAUFMAN AS, 1976, J LEARN DISABIL, V9, P160 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LINCOLN AJ, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P505, DOI 10.1007/BF02211870 LOCKYER L, 1970, BRIT J SOC CLIN PSYC, V9, P152 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x Matarazzo J. D., 1985, HDB INTELLIGENCE THE, P899 MCDERMOTT PA, 1990, J PSYCHOEDUC ASSESS, V8, P290 MCLEAN JE, 1989, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V45, P919, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(198911)45:6<919::AID-JCLP2270450614>3.0.CO;2-J MCLEAN JE, 1990, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V2, P289, DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.2.3.289 Minshew N. J., 1996, PRINCIPLES CHILD NEU, P1713 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 MINSHEW NJ, 1994, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V16, P261, DOI 10.1080/01688639408402637 MINSHEW NJ, 1988, CURRENT PROBLEMS PED, V18, P563 MINSHEW NJ, 1988, CURR PROBL PEDIATR, V18, P615 MINSHEW NJ, 1995, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V9, P255, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.9.2.255 Narita T, 1987, ADV BIOL PSYCHIAT, V16, P156 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 OZONOFF S, 1994, UNPUB EXECUTIVE FUNC OZONOFF S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P429, DOI 10.1007/BF01046049 ROURKE BP, 1989, NONVERBAL LEARNING D, P80 ROURKE BP, 1992, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V21, P361 RUMSEY JM, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02284715 Rumsey JM, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P41 RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXPT NEUROPSY, V10, P210 RUTTER M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF01495054 SCHNEIDER SG, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF00916464 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 TYMCHUK AJ, 1977, J MENT DEFIC RES, V21, P133 WASSING H E, 1965, Acta Paedopsychiatr, V32, P122 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1981, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL YIRMIYA N, 1991, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V11, P669, DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(91)90125-E NR 44 TC 127 Z9 127 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1007/BF02172825 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600002 PM 8863091 ER PT J AU Zanolli, K Daggett, J Adams, T AF Zanolli, K Daggett, J Adams, T TI Teaching preschool age autistic children to make spontaneous initiations to peers using priming SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; BEHAVIOR AB Children with autism rarely initiate social interactions with their peers. Currently available interventions have not increased autistic children' spontaneous initiations in natural settings without extensive teacher involvement. A ''priming'' strategy consisting of a low demand high reinforcement session prior to the regular school activity was used to increase the spontaneous social initiations of 2 preschool age autistic boys to typically developing peers in a regular preschool classroom. Peers were also trained to independently respond to initiations. Implications for developing practical ways to improve autistic children's social functioning in regular school settings are discussed. CR Brady M. P., 1984, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V9, P278 CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 FOSTER SL, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P313 GAYLORDROSS RJ, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P229, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-229 KAMPS DM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P281, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-281 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243 KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-121 LORD C, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF01531658 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x ODOM SL, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P3, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-3 ODOM SL, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P59, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-59 OKE NJ, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P479, DOI 10.1007/BF02216054 SHAFER MS, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P461, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-461 STRAIN P S, 1981, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, V6, P417, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/6.4.417 WILDE LD, 1992, UNPUB INCREASING SUC NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.1007/BF02172826 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600003 PM 8863092 ER PT J AU Wainwright, JA Brown, SE AF Wainwright, JA Brown, SE TI Visual-spatial orienting in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; REACTION-TIME; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE AB Visual-spatial orienting in high-functioning adults with autism and both chronological- and mental-age normal controls was examined. Three experiments were conducted in which stimuli were presented centrally and/or laterally (left or right of central fixation), and either detection or identification was required. The group with autism differed from normal controls by responding faster to central than to lateral stimuli, and by showing a left visual field advantage for stimulus detection only in the simplest condition (lateral presentations alone). Discussion focuses on the apparent abnormalities in disengaging/shifting attention and on the coordination of attentional and motor systems in autism. RP Wainwright, JA (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,4700 KEELE ST,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BASHORE TR, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V89, P352, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.89.2.352 BERLUCCH.G, 1971, BRAIN, V94, P419, DOI 10.1093/brain/94.3.419 Boylan A., 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P47, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60450-1 BRYSON SE, 1990, DEV ATTENTION RES TH, P405 BRYSON SE, IN PRESS ATTENTION D BURACK JA, 1994, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V103, P535, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.535 CASEY BJ, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P933, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402609 COHEN G, 1972, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V11, P139, DOI 10.3758/BF03210360 COURCHESNE E, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D COURCHESNE E, 1990, INT NEUR SOC M ORL Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P144 Dunn L. M., 1981, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FEIN D, 1984, PSYCHOL BULL, V95, P258, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.95.2.258 HEILMAN KM, 1979, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V17, P315, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(79)90077-0 Hermelin B, 1970, PSYCHOL EXPT AUTISTI HERMELIN B, 1967, J GENET PSYCHOL, V110, P117 Hobson R. Peter, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P22 Kinsbourne M., 1987, NEUROBIOLOGICAL ISSU, P107, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1992-2_ LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MILNER AD, 1982, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V20, P591, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(82)90032-X Mundy P., 1989, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V1, P173, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000365 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Posner M.I., 1988, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, P169 RAVE JC, 1969, STANDARD PROGR MATRI RINCOVER A, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P422 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF01837896 Shapiro MS, 1985, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V1, P67, DOI 10.1080/87565648509540299 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 TASSINARI G, 1987, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V25, P55, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90043-1 TOWNSEND J, 1994, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V6, P220, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1994.6.3.220 WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 *WHO, 1986, ICD 9 INT CLASS DIS Williams D., 1992, NOBODY NOWHERE NR 39 TC 60 Z9 61 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 423 EP 438 DI 10.1007/BF02172827 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600004 PM 8863093 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Aggarwal, S Heads, C AF Gupta, S Aggarwal, S Heads, C TI Dysregulated immune system in children with autism: Beneficial effects of intravenous immune globulin on autistic characteristics SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CELLS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ANTIBODIES; DEFICIENCY; AUTOIMMUNE; DISORDERS; THERAPY RP Gupta, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DIV BASIC & CLIN IMMUNOL,C-240,IRVINE,CA 92717, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CHAPEL H, 1993, ESSENTIALS CLIN IMMU, P57 DONAGHY M, 1994, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V57, P778, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.57.7.778 DWYER JM, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V326, P4104 ERKELLERYUKSEL FM, 1992, J PEDIATR-US, V120, P216, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80430-5 GILLBERG C, 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO, P218 GUPTA S, 1986, IMMUNOLOGY ALLERGY P, V8, P370 HERBERMAN RB, 1981, SCIENCE, V214, P24, DOI 10.1126/science.7025208 KANNER L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P2217 KOSKI CL, 1987, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V505, P319, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb51300.x MENAGE P, 1992, BRAIN DYSFUNCT, V5, P326 MOBINI N, 1995, ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM, V74, P119 ROMAGNANI S, 1995, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V15, P121, DOI 10.1007/BF01543103 SCHWARTZ SA, 1990, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V10, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF00918189 SINGH VK, 1993, BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN, V7, P97, DOI 10.1006/brbi.1993.1010 STUBBS EG, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P269, DOI 10.1007/BF01543467 STUBBS EG, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P49, DOI 10.1007/BF01531114 VANDERMECHE FGA, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V326, P1123, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199204233261705 WARREN RP, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P333, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198705000-00008 WARREN RP, 1990, IMMUNOL INVEST, V19, P245, DOI 10.3109/08820139009041839 WARREN RP, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P189, DOI 10.1007/BF01531729 WARREN RP, 1991, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V83, P438 WEIZMAN A, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1462 Yman L, 1991, J Int Fed Clin Chem, V3, P198 YONK LJ, 1990, IMMUNOL LETT, V25, P314 NR 25 TC 78 Z9 80 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 439 EP 452 DI 10.1007/BF02172828 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600005 PM 8863094 ER PT J AU Cryan, E Byrne, M ODonovan, A OCallaghan, E AF Cryan, E Byrne, M ODonovan, A OCallaghan, E TI A case-control study of obstetric complications and later autistic disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; PERINATAL FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREGNANCY; ETIOLOGY; RISK AB The precise etiology of autism remains unclear. Obstetric adversity has been described as one factor that may increase the risk for the disorder. We examined the contemporaneous birth records of 49 children satisfying DSM-III-R criteria for autistic disorder, at four Dublin maternity hospitals, using the previous same-sew live birth in that hospital as a control. Data were evaluated blind to subject status using two obstetric complication (OC) rating scales. No significant differences in obstetric adversity were found between index and control groups. Autistic individuals did not differ from controls in terms of previously described risk factors for this disorder (maternal age, maternal parity, birth order, and low birth weight) in autism. These data do not support the view that OCs increase the risk for later autism. C1 CLUAIN MHUIRE FAMILY CTR,DEPT CHILD PSYCHIAT,BLACKROCK,DUBLIN,IRELAND. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAILEY AJ, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P7 BRYSON SE, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P418, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00006 DEYKIN EY, 1980, AM J DIS CHILD, V134, P860 EAGLES JM, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1139, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91136-X FINNEGAN JA, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P119 GILBERG C, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P153 GILBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCH PSYCHI, V31, P99 GUNTHERGENTA F, 1994, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V164, P165, DOI 10.1192/bjp.164.2.165 KNOBLOCH H, 1975, PEDIATRICS, V55, P182 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P407, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.407 LEVY S, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P573, DOI 10.1007/BF02211875 LEWIS SW, 1989, SCHIZOPHRENIA SCI PR LOBASCHE.ME, 1970, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V117, P525, DOI 10.1192/bjp.117.540.525 LOCKYER L, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V115, P865, DOI 10.1192/bjp.115.525.865 LORD C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P197, DOI 10.1007/BF02284760 MASONBROTHERS A, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P514 MCNEIL TF, 1978, NATURE SCHIZOPHRENIA, P402 NELSON KB, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P761 OCALLAGHAN E, 1992, BRIT MED J, V305, P1256 OHARE A, 1991, ECON SOC REV, V22, P135 PARNAS J, 1982, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V140, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.140.4.416 PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1256, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 SMALLEY SL, 1988, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V45, P953 TORREY EF, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF01540676 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1007/BF02172829 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600006 PM 8863095 ER PT J AU Cuccaro, ML Wright, HH Rownd, CV Abramson, RK Waller, J Fender, D AF Cuccaro, ML Wright, HH Rownd, CV Abramson, RK Waller, J Fender, D TI Professional perceptions of children with developmental difficulties: The influence of race and socioeconomic status SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; POPULATION C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH MED,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. S CAROLINA DEPT DISABIL & SPECIAL NEEDS,COLUMBIA,SC. RP Cuccaro, ML (reprint author), WILLIAM S HALL PSYCHIAT INST,BOX 202,COLUMBIA,SC 29202, USA. CR CAMPBELL LR, 1992, J AM SPEECH LANGUAGE, V34, P29 CHEN YJ, 1992, ANN M AM PSYCH ASS CHRISTENSEN CM, 1992, INFANTS YOUNG CHILDR, V4, P49 CUFFE S, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V34, P1536 GILLBERG C, 1991, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V158, P403, DOI 10.1192/bjp.158.3.403 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 SCHOPLER E, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01531530 STEFFENBURG S, 1986, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V149, P81, DOI 10.1192/bjp.149.1.81 STONE WL, 1987, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V12, P615, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/12.4.615 SUGIYAMA T, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02212720 TSAI L, 1982, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V12, P211, DOI 10.1007/BF01531367 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1007/BF02172830 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600007 PM 8863096 ER PT J AU Robbins, FR AF Robbins, FR TI Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities - Koegel,RL, Koegel,LK SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review RP Robbins, FR (reprint author), QUABBIN VALLEY EDUC CONSULTANTS,BELCHERTOWN,MA 01007, USA. CR KOEGEL RL, 1995, TEACHING CHILREN AUT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.1007/BF02172831 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600008 ER PT J AU Volkmar, FR AF Volkmar, FR TI I am confused about the difference between autism and a disorder I heard about on television - Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Can you clarify? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter CR BISHOP DVM, 1985, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V27, P705 VOLKMAR FR, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P625, DOI 10.1007/BF01046331 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 473 EP 474 DI 10.1007/BF02172832 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600009 ER PT J AU Rutter, M AF Rutter, M TI Autism research: Prospects and priorities (vol 26, pg 257, 1996) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Correction, Addition CR Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 477 EP 477 DI 10.1007/BF02172834 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA VB486 UT WOS:A1996VB48600010 ER PT J AU Duker, PC Schaapveld, M AF Duker, PC Schaapveld, M TI Increasing on-task behaviour through interruption-prompting SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SELF-STIMULATION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS AB This study was designed to assess the effects of response-contingent interruption-prompting of stereotypic behaviour on on-task behaviour, inactivity and inappropriate behaviour. Also, the relationship between these behaviours was investigated. Five individuals with severe intellectual disability and autism participated. Data were collected within a reversal design. The results showed a statistically significant increase of on-task behaviour when interruption-prompting of stereotypic behaviour was in effect. Inactivity was statistically related to inappropriate behaviour. In terms of the continuous effort to identify procedures that are least intrusive for the client to attain behaviour improvement, it is suggested that interruption-prompting of stereotypic behaviour may be a reasonable choice for practicians. C1 WINCKELSTEEGH RESIDENTIAL FACIL,NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Duker, PC (reprint author), UNIV NIJMEGEN,PSYCHOL LAB,NUOVO RES GRP,NL-6525 HR NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. CR CHOCK PN, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P365, DOI 10.1007/BF01531586 CLARK HB, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P443, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-443 COHEN J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P37, DOI 10.1177/001316446002000104 DUKER P, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P177 DUKER PC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02212942 JONES RSP, 1988, MENTAL HANDICAP, V16, P171 KAZDIN AE, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P141, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-141 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 LAGROW SJ, 1984, AM J MENT DEF, V88, P595 Lovaas O. I., 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45 MEIGHAM M, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P530 OUD J, 1993, TIDA PROGRAM MULTIPL RIMLAND B, 1968, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V35, P146 WATSON PJ, 1981, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V12, P257, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(81)90055-0 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 40 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00633.x PN 4 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA VH011 UT WOS:A1996VH01100002 PM 8884583 ER PT J AU Weiss, MJS Wagner, SH Bauman, ML AF Weiss, MJS Wagner, SH Bauman, ML TI A validated case study of facilitated communication SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; WORDS AB The case of a 13-year-old boy with autism, severe mental retardation, and a seizure disorder who was able to demonstrate valid facilitated communication was described. In three independent trials, short stories were presented to him, followed by validation test procedures with an uninformed facilitator providing physical support to the subject's arm. In Trials 1 and 3, several specific answers were provided that clearly indicated that the young man, not the uninformed facilitator, was the source of the information. Moreover, some responses seemed to imply that the subject was employing simple inferential and abstract reasoning. This case study adds to the small, but growing number of demonstrations that facilitated communication can sometimes be a valid method for at least some individuals with developmental disabilities. C1 HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114. RP Weiss, MJS (reprint author), BEHAV PEDIAT & FAMILY DEV,205 RAWSON RD,BROOKLINE,MA 02146, USA. CR BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BIKLEN D, 1992, HARVARD EDUC REV, V62, P242 CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, pR9 CARDINAL DN, 1996, MENTAL RETARDATION, V34 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 *DIV INT DIS SERV, 1993, QUEENSL REP FAC COMM GOLDBERG TE, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF01487258 GREEN G, IN PRESS J ASS PERSO HECKLER S, 1994, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V18, P495, DOI 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90003-5 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, INV REL VAL ASS COMM JACOBSON JW, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P750, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.9.750 KARP E, 1993, 2 ANN FAC COMM C SYR KARP E, 1993, ANN M AM SPEECH LANG KOHLBERG L, 1983, SOCIAL PERSONALITY D, P388 RIMLAND B, 1993, AUTISM RES REV INT, V7, P7 Rose S., 1992, MAKING MEMORY Shane Howard C., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC SHEEHAN C, 1994, INVESTIGATION FACTOR SHEEHAN C, 1993, VALIDITY RES PROBLEM Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE VASQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369 WEISS MJS, PRESUMING COMPETENCE 1992, SUNDAY STANDARD 0216, pA15 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 34 IS 4 BP 220 EP 230 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA VD965 UT WOS:A1996VD96500003 PM 8828341 ER PT J AU Cardinal, DN Hanson, D Wakeham, J AF Cardinal, DN Hanson, D Wakeham, J TI Investigation of authorship in facilitated communication SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID AUTISM; WORDS AB We examined whether facilitated communication users, under controlled condition, could transmit rudimentary information to a naive facilitator. Forty-three students across 10 classrooms were shown a single randomly selected word with their facilitator out of the room. The facilitator then entered the room and asked the student to type the word, which was recorded exactly as typed and later evaluated; approximately 3,800 attempts were conducted over a 6-week period. Results showed that (a) under controlled conditions, some facilitated communication users can pass accurate information and (b) measurement of facilitated communication under test conditions may be significantly benefitted by extensive practice of the test protocol, which could partially account for the inability of several past studies to verify facilitated communication-user originated output. C1 WHITTIER UNION HIGH SCH DIST,WHITTIER,CA 90605. WHITTIER AREA COOPERAT SPECIAL EDUC PROGRAM,WHITTIER,CA 90602. RP Cardinal, DN (reprint author), CHAPMAN UNIV,SCH EDUC,CTR EDUC & SOCIAL EQU,ORANGE,CA 92666, USA. CR BIKLEN D, 1994, ANN M ASS PERS SEV H Biklen D, 1995, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V20, P45 BIKLEN D, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P173 Biklen D., 1993, COMMUNICATION UNBOUN BIKLEN D, 1990, HARVARD EDUC REV, V60, P291 BIKLEN D, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P46 BLIGH S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P553, DOI 10.1007/BF01046056 BOTASH AS, 1994, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V148, P1282 CARDINAL DN, 1994, 4 ANN INT I COST MES CROSSLEY R, 1988, BIENN C INT SOC AUGM CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P29 CROSSLEY R, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P46 Crossley R., 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC DONNELLAN AM, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, P69 DUCHAN JF, 1993, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V36, P1108 EASTHAM M, 1992, SILENT WORDS GREEN G, 1994, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, P42 GREEN G, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P151 HUDSON A, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF01066425 *INT DIS REV PAN, 1989, INV REL VAL ASS COMM KLEWE L, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P559, DOI 10.1007/BF01046057 MONTEE BB, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P189, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-189 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P531, DOI 10.1007/BF01046054 MOORE S, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P541, DOI 10.1007/BF01046055 RIMLAND B, 1992, AUTISM RES REV INT, V6, P3 SHANE HC, 1993, COMMUNICATING TOGETH, V11, P11 Sheehan CM, 1996, MENT RETARD, V34, P94 SIMON EW, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P647, DOI 10.1007/BF02172144 SMITH MD, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01066426 SMITH MD, 1994, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V4, P66 VASQUEZ CA, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P369 WATTS G, 1994, EVERY STEP WAY WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 34 IS 4 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA VD965 UT WOS:A1996VD96500004 PM 8828342 ER PT J AU Kurita, H AF Kurita, H TI Clinical studies of pervasive developmental disorders in Japan SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Review DE autism; pervasive developmental disorders ID FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HELLERS SYNDROME; RETT SYNDROME; SPEECH LOSS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; BIOPTERIN; SYMPTOMS; AGE AB Articles on pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) published mainly by Japanese child psychiatrists in international journals for the last 20 years were reviewed for the purpose of clarifying the accomplishment and aims of Japanese PDD research. Although Japanese child psychiatrists investigated PDD in various specialties, their contributions to international archives were much fewer than those of Japanese professionals in other branches of medical sciences. This may be accounted for by the absence of an authorized education system of child psychiatrists and strong clinical orientation together with some reluctance of Japanese child psychiatrists to perform research. However, the epidemiology of PDD subtypes, the speech loss in PDD and the psychopathology of persons with high-functioning PDD seem to be providing promising research areas for Japanese child psychiatrists based on their clinical experiences. RP Kurita, H (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC MED,DEPT MENTAL HLTH & NURSING,BUNKYO KU,7-3-1 HONGO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ANDO H, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF01531295 ANDO H, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF00924737 ANDO H, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF02408468 ANDO H, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P151, DOI 10.1007/BF01537726 ANDO H, 1979, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V10, P85, DOI 10.1007/BF01433500 [Anonymous], 1977, INT CLASS DIS, V1 ETO I, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01058157 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x Gould J., 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P398 HASHIMOTO O, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P201, DOI 10.1007/BF01066429 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 HOSHINO Y, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY, V11, P22, DOI 10.1159/000118045 HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 ISHII T, 1971, NIHON IJISHINPOU, P27 Ishii T, 1983, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, p[24, 311] KANO Y, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P49 KATSUI T, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P69, DOI 10.1007/BF01531579 KOBAYASHI R, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF01048242 KOBAYASHI R, 1996, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE, V26 KOMORI H, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P183, DOI 10.1007/BF02178503 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02408557 KOMOTO J, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P191, DOI 10.1007/BF02409661 KURITA H, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P687, DOI 10.1007/BF02172146 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 KURITA H, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02206993 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 KURITA H, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02212937 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 KURITA H, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF02211956 Lotter V., 1966, SOC PSYCHIAT, P124, DOI DOI 10.1007/BF00584048 MADOKORO H, 1989, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, V31, P163 MATSUISHI T, 1987, PEDIATR NEUROL, V3, P284, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(87)90069-5 MATSUISHI T, 1987, J CHILD NEUROL, V2, P268 MIYASHITA T, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01531784 NAKAMURA K, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P105, DOI 10.1007/BF01531723 NARUSE H, 1982, ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATR, V48, P173 NISHIMURA B, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P243, DOI 10.1007/BF01495059 NIWA S, 1983, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V13, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF01531357 NOMURA Y, 1984, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V6, P475 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01487259 OHTA M, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P549, DOI 10.1007/BF01486970 OHTAKI E, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P452, DOI 10.1007/BF01048248 SEGAWA M, 1992, BRAIN DEV S, V14, P46 SHIRATAKI S, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P25 SUGIYAMA T, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02212720 TAKAHASHI S, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P317, DOI 10.1007/BF01537909 TANOUE Y, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P425, DOI 10.1007/BF02212940 TANOUE Y, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P155, DOI 10.1007/BF02211943 WAKABAYASHI S W, 1984, Nagoya Journal of Medical Science, V46, P35 WAKABAYASHI S, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01531289 WAKABAYA.S, 1974, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V15, P215 *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT DI YAMAZAKI K, 1975, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V5, P323, DOI 10.1007/BF01540679 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VH164 UT WOS:A1996VH16400001 PM 9201771 ER PT J AU Kurita, H AF Kurita, H TI Specificity and developmental consequences of speech loss in children with pervasive developmental disorders SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE infantile autism; pervasive developmental disorders; regression ID DISINTEGRATIVE PSYCHOSIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Speech loss (SL) was compared in 276 children who had pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) with 62 children with intellectual disabilities without PDD. Speech loss seems relatively specific to PDD because it is significantly more common in children with PDD (26.1%, 72/276) than in those with intellectual disabilities (1.6%, 1/62). In three PDD categories, speech loss occurred in all the 12 children with disintegrative psychosis, 35/149 (23.5%) children with infantile autism and 25/115 (21.7%) children with other PDD. Children with pervasive developmental disorders and speech loss had spoken significantly earlier yet developed less satisfactorily after speech loss than those without it. Speech loss seems fairly specific to PDD and is indicative of unfavorable intellectual development in children with PDD. RP Kurita, H (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC MED,DEPT MENTAL HLTH & NURSING,BUNKYO KU,7-3-1 HONGO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 1977, INT CLASS DIS, V1 BURD L, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P252, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00021 EVANSJONES LG, 1978, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V20, P462 Heller Theodore, 1908, Z ERFORSCH BEHANDL J, V2, P17 HOSHINO Y, 1987, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V41, P237 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 KURITA H, 1988, JPN J PSYCHIAT NEUR, V42, P785 KURITA H, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60447-7 KURITA H, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF02211956 VOLKMAR FR, 1988, AM J PSYCHIAT, V145, P1404 VOLKMAR FR, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P717, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00784.x WAKABAYA.S, 1974, JPN J CHILD ADOL PSY, V15, P215 *WHO, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT DI NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1316 J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1996.tb02739.x PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA VH164 UT WOS:A1996VH16400003 PM 9201773 ER PT J AU Hentschel, F Marcus, A Klein, M Schmidt, MH AF Hentschel, F Marcus, A Klein, M Schmidt, MH TI Joubert's syndrome in CT and MRI SO ROFO-FORTSCHRITTE AUF DEM GEBIET DER RONTGENSTRAHLEN UND DER BILDGEBENDEN VERFAHREN LA German DT Article DE Joubert-Syndrome; mental retardation; cerebellum; CT; MRI ID AUTISM C1 ZENT INST SEEL GESUNDHEIT,KINDER & JUGENDPSYCHIAT KLIN,D-68159 MANNHEIM,GERMANY. RP Hentschel, F (reprint author), ZENT INST SEEL GESUNDHEIT,ABT NEURORADIOL,D-68159 MANNHEIM,GERMANY. CR BARKOVICH AJ, 1990, PEDIAT NEUROIMAGING, P118 BOLTSHAUSER E, 1981, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V12, P181, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1059650 COURCHESNE E, 1994, LANCET, V343, P63, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90923-7 CURATOLO P, 1980, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V22, P362 DEONNA T, 1990, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V32, P258 DILLING H, 1991, KLIN DIAGNOSTISCHE L, P267 GILLBERG C, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb02275.x HEATH RG, 1982, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V17, P569 HOLOROYD S, 1991, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V29, P287 JOUBERT M, 1969, NEUROLOGY, V19, P813 KENDALL B, 1990, NEURORADIOLOGY, V31, P502 MADRID VJ, 1993, AN ESP PEDIAT, V39, P455 SARAIVA JM, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V43, P726, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320430415 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-6652 J9 ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG JI Rofo-Fortschr. Gebiet Rontgenstrahlen Bildgeb. Verfahr. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 165 IS 2 BP 210 EP 212 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1015744 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VK505 UT WOS:A1996VK50500022 PM 8924679 ER PT J AU Szatmari, P Jones, MB Holden, J Bryson, S Mahoney, W Tuff, L MacLean, J White, B Bartolucci, G Schutz, C Robinson, P Hoult, L AF Szatmari, P Jones, MB Holden, J Bryson, S Mahoney, W Tuff, L MacLean, J White, B Bartolucci, G Schutz, C Robinson, P Hoult, L TI High phenotypic correlations among siblings with autism and pervasive developmental disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; genetics; family studies ID HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; REPEAT EXPANSION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CAG REPEAT; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUALS; RELATIVES AB The objective of this study was to examine familial factors influencing clinical variation in sibships that contained at least 2 children affected with autism or another form of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), The sample included a total of 60 families, 23 with multiple cases of PDD and 37 with a single affected child, Measurements of IQ, adaptive behaviors in socialization and communication, and autistic symptoms were taken on all affected children, A high intraclass correlation, especially on IQ and an index of social behaviors, was observed between affected children from the same family, In contrast, low correlations were observed on measurements of IQ and adaptive behavior between affected and unaffected children from the same family, These data indicate that variation in severity of PDD is influenced by familial, and probably genetic, mechanisms, The results are discussed in relation to current theories on the genetics of autism and the heritable mechanisms underlying variations in clinical severity. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. YORK UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BEHAV SCI,HERSHEY,PA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON VE, 1981, GENETIC RES STRATEGI, P341 ANDREW SE, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P398, DOI 10.1038/ng0893-398 BARTAK L, 1976, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V6, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF01538054 BRYSON SE, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P433, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00735.x FISCH GS, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P404, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380250 FOLSTEIN S, 1977, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V18, P297, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00443.x FOLSTEIN SE, 1991, UNPUB FAMILY HIST IN FREEMAN BJ, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P361 HARLEY HG, 1992, NATURE, V355, P545, DOI 10.1038/355545a0 KAWAGUCHI Y, 1994, NAT GENET, V8, P221, DOI 10.1038/ng1194-221 KNIGHT SJL, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P81 KOIDE R, 1994, NAT GENET, V6, P9, DOI 10.1038/ng0194-9 KRUG DA, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V21, P221, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x LANDA R, 1992, PSYCHOL MED, V22, P245 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 LEVINE MN, 1986, ARTHUR ADAPTATION LE LEVY HL, 1983, NEW ENGL J MED, V309, P1269, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198311243092101 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P663, DOI 10.1007/BF01046335 NARAYAN S, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P523, DOI 10.1007/BF02216057 PLOMIN R, 1994, SCIENCE, V264, P1733, DOI 10.1126/science.8209254 RITVO ER, 1985, AM J PSYCHIAT, V142, P74 RITVO ER, 1989, AM J PSYCHIAT, V146, P1032 ROSS CA, 1993, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V16, P254, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90175-L ROUSSEAU F, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P225 RUTTER M, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x SMALLEY SL, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P125 SNELL RG, 1993, NAT GENET, V4, P393, DOI 10.1038/ng0893-393 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE SPIKER D, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V54, P27, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320540107 STEFFENBURG S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00254.x SZATMARI P, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P709 SZATMARI P, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P130, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00021 SZATMARI P, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P282, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600405 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 SZATMARI P, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P583, DOI 10.1007/BF01046329 SZATMARI P, 1993, J DEV DISABILITIES, V21, P39 The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group, 1993, CELL, V72, P971 THORNDIKE RL, 1985, STANFORDBINET INTELL TSAI LY, 1983, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V142, P373, DOI 10.1192/bjp.142.4.373 VOLKMAR FR, 1987, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V26, P156, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198703000-00005 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF01046103 Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D., 1981, WAISR MANUAL WECHSLE Wechsler D, 1967, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P WING L, 1979, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V20, P29 World Health Organisation, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 26 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 4 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<354::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA UZ070 UT WOS:A1996UZ07000007 PM 8837702 ER PT J AU McFadden, SA AF McFadden, SA TI Phenotypic variation in xenobiotic metabolism and adverse environmental response: Focus on sulfur-dependent detoxification pathways SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Risk Assessment Issues for Sensitive Human Populations CY APR 25-27, 1995 CL DAYTON, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicol, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, ATSDR, Div Toxicol DE xenobiotic metabolism; sulfur-dependent detoxification pathways; risk assessment; sulfoxidation; sulfation; idiopathic environmental intolerance ID CARBOXYMETHYL-L-CYSTEINE; AMINO-ACID METABOLISM; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SULFATE CONJUGATION; POOR SULFOXIDATION; INORGANIC SULFATE; POLYMORPHIC SULFOXIDATION; MOTORNEURON DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Proper bodily response to environmental toxicants presumably requires proper function of the xenobiotic (foreign chemical) detoxification pathways. Links between phenotypic variations in xenobiotic metabolism and adverse environmental response have long been sought. Metabolism of the drug S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (SCMC) is polymorphous in the population, having a bimodal distribution of metabolites, 2.5% of the general population are thought to be nonmetabolizers. The researchers developing this data feel this implies a polymorphism in sulfoxidation of the amino acid cysteine to sulfate. While this interpretation is somewhat controversial, these metabolic differences reflected may have significant effects. Additionally, a significant number of individuals with environmental intolerance or chronic disease have impaired sulfation of phenolic xenobiotics. This impairment is demonstrated with the probe drug acetaminophen and is presumably due to starvation of the sulfotransferases for sulfate substrate. Reduced metabolism of SCMC has been found with increased frequency in individuals with several degenerative neurological and immunological conditions and drug intolerances, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and delayed food sensitivity. Impaired sulfation has been found in many of these conditions, and preliminary data suggests that it may be important in multiple chemical sensitivities and diet responsive autism. In addition, impaired sulfation may be relevant to intolerance of phenol, tyramine, and phenylic food constituents, and it may be a factor in the success of the Feingold diet. These studies indicate the need for the development of genetic and functional tests of xenobiotic metabolism as tools for further research in epidemiology and risk assessment. RP McFadden, SA (reprint author), INDEPENDENT RES ADVOCATES,5521 GREENVILLE AVE,DALLAS,TX 75206, USA. CR *AIAUSA, 1995, 9193879018 AIAUSA AYESH R, 1987, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V26, P197 Babior BM, 1983, METABOLIC BASIS INHE, P1956 BARTSCH H, 1992, ENV HLTH PERSPECT, V98 BELL IR, 1993, ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH, V48, P315 BELL IR, 1993, LANCET, V341, P62, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92545-5 BELL IR, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V32, P218, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90105-9 BLAYLOCK RL, 1994, EXCITOTOXINS TASTE T BOOBIS AR, 1992, PHARMACOGENETICS DRU, P791 BRADLEY H, 1994, J RHEUMATOL, V21, P1192 BRADLEY H, 1991, XENOBIOTICA, V21, P689 BROCKMOLLER J, 1991, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V40, P387, DOI 10.1007/BF00265849 BROSTOFF J, 1987, FOOD ALLERGY INTOLER, P433 CARLSSON A, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P50 *CIB FDN, 1980, CIB FDN S, V76 COOPER AJL, 1983, ANNU REV BIOCHEM, V52, P187, DOI 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001155 DADD DL, 1980, THERAPEUTIC DIETS SP DARLING IM, 1994, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V22, P318 DAVIES MH, 1994, J HEPATOL, V21, P1127, DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80630-0 DAVIES MH, 1994, CLIN SCI, V87, P357 DAVIS BA, 1987, HEADACHE, V27, P384, DOI 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1987.hed2707384.x ELEFTHERIOU B, 1975, PSYCHOPHARMACOGENETI ELFATIH IA, 1989, INT J PHARM, V52, P155 Elias E, 1989, Hepatology, V10, P1027, DOI 10.1002/hep.1840100629 EMERY P, 1992, ANN RHEUM DIS, V51, P318, DOI 10.1136/ard.51.3.318 EMERY P, 1992, BRIT MED J, V305, P1387 EMERY P, 1984, J RHEUMATOL, V11, P626 ERIKSSON T, 1988, NEUROLOGY, V38, P1245 *FAUS, 1995, 18003213287 FAUS Feingold BF, 1974, WHY YOUR CHILD IS HY FLORIN T, 1991, GUT, V32, P766, DOI 10.1136/gut.32.7.766 FORNSTEDT B, 1986, NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, V25, P451, DOI 10.1016/0028-3908(86)90242-X FORNSTEDT B, 1990, J NEUROCHEM, V55, P665 GODDARD GV, 1983, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V6, P275, DOI 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90118-2 GODDARD GV, 1969, EXP NEUROL, V25, P295, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(69)90128-9 GORDON C, 1992, LANCET, V339, P25, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90144-R GREGORY WL, 1993, PHARMACOGENETICS, V3, P270, DOI 10.1097/00008571-199310000-00007 GREGORY WL, 1992, LANCET, V339, P616, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90902-F GRIFFITH OW, 1987, METHOD ENZYMOL, V143, P366 HALEY CS, 1985, XENOBIOTICA, V15, P445 HANNINGTON E, 1968, HEADACHE, V8, P84 HARRIS CM, 1986, LANCET, V1, P492 HEAFIELD MT, 1990, NEUROSCI LETT, V110, P216, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90814-P HOFMANN U, 1991, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V19, P222 HOSOKAWA Y, 1990, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V168, P473, DOI 10.1016/0006-291X(90)92345-Z HOSOKAWA Y, 1988, J NUTR, V118, P456 *IBC US C INC, 1995, PHARM OPT DRUG DISC ITO S, 1988, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V37, P1707, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90432-7 Kalow W., 1992, PHARMACOGENETICS DRU KANTZ MR, 1989, C OCC HLTH ASP ADV C, P1 KARIM AKMB, 1981, J MED GENET, V18, P325, DOI 10.1136/jmg.18.5.325 KLINGMAN J G, 1989, Neurology, V39, P242 KUPFER A, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1107, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92688-E LARSON RS, 1989, C OCC HLTH ASP ADV C, P57 LEVY G, 1986, FASEB J, V45, P2235 LITTLEWOOD J, 1982, LANCET, V1, P983 MADHOK R, 1987, BRIT MED J, V294, P483 MADHOK R, 1990, ARTHRITIS RHEUM, V33, P574, DOI 10.1002/art.1780330416 MARABANI M, 1987, BR J RHEUMATOL, V26, P2 MCCANN KP, 1994, BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M, V1209, P107, DOI 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90144-9 MCCOMB DJ, 1985, FED PROC, V44, P2551 MCKUSICK VA, 1988, MENDELIAN INHERITANC, P1019 MEESE CO, 1991, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V42, P13 MEESE CO, 1990, LANCET, V336, P693, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92192-K MENDLEWICZ J, 1975, GENETICS PSYCHOPHARM, V10 MILLARD WJ, 1985, FED PROC, V44, P2546 MITCHELL FJ, 1994, TOXICOL IND HLTH, V10, P273 MITCHELL SC, 1986, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B, V84, P143, DOI 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90195-1 MITCHELL SC, 1984, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V18, P507 MITCHELL SC, 1989, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V43, P237, DOI 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90120-4 Mitchell SC, 1992, PHARMACOGENETICS DRU, P367 MITCHELL SC, 1987, EXPERIENTIA, V43, P382, DOI 10.1007/BF01940418 MITCHELL SC, 1978, J CHROMATOGR, V166, P341, DOI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)92288-X Mitchell S.C., 1989, SULPHUR CONTAINING A, V2A, P101 MONRO J, 1994, 29 ANN M AM AC ENV M O'Reilly BA, 1993, J ORTHOMOL MED, V8, P198 OLNEY JW, 1972, BRAIN RES, V45, P309, DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90243-0 OLNEY JW, 1990, SCIENCE, V248, P596, DOI 10.1126/science.2185543 OLNEY JW, 1970, NATURE, V227, P609, DOI 10.1038/227609b0 OLNEY JW, 1993, APMIS, V101, P103 OLNEY JW, 1994, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V15, P536 OLNEY JW, 1994, NEUROBIOL AGING, V15, P259, DOI 10.1016/0197-4580(94)90127-9 OLOMU AB, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1089, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198804283181703 OMENN GS, 1984, GENETIC VARIABILITY PALL HS, 1987, LANCET, V2, P685 PEAN A, 1994, J NEUROL SCI, V124, P59, DOI 10.1016/0022-510X(94)90179-1 PERRY TL, 1985, ANN NEUROL, V18, P482, DOI 10.1002/ana.410180411 PERRY TL, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P487 PERRY TL, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P1851 PORTER RHP, 1993, NEUROSCI LETT, V154, P78, DOI 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90175-K PRESTON J, 1990, CLIN PSYCHOPHARMACOL PRICEEVANS DA, 1993, GENETIC FACTORS DRUG PULLAR T, 1987, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V26, P202 RAMAKRISHNA BS, 1991, GUT, V32, P45 RILEY D, 1988, NEUROLOGY, V38, P1026 ROGERS PJ, 1991, CIRCULATION, V84, P2346 ROGERS SA, 1986, EI SYNDROME RX ENV I ROSENBERG LE, 1974, DUNCANS DIS METABOLI, P544 ROSENGREN E, 1985, J NEURAL TRANSM, V63, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF01252029 ROTH JA, 1982, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V31, P3017, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90073-9 SCADDING GK, 1988, BRIT MED J, V297, P105 Scharschmidt B F, 1989, Hepatology, V9, P654, DOI 10.1002/hep.1840090423 SCHWARTZ CS, 1989, C OCC HLTH ASP ADV C, P23 SHENNAN DB, 1991, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V41, P723, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90072-D SIPES IG, 1986, CASARETT DOULLS TOXI STAFFELDT B, 1990, EUR J PHARMACOL, V183, P627, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(90)93552-2 STEVENTON G, 1990, LANCET, V335, P180, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90063-B STEVENTON G, 1988, LANCET, V2, P644 STEVENTON GB, 1990, NEUROLOGY, V40, P1095 STEVENTON GB, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V414, P1851 STEVENTON GB, 1989, NEUROLOGY, V39, P883 STEVENTON GB, 1991, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V53, P621 SZABO S, 1985, FED PROC, V44, P2540 TURNBULL LB, 1978, XENOBIOTICA, V8, P621 *U CINC, 1995, 1994 1995 NIEHS U CI VECSEI L, 1989, J NEURAL TRANSM-GEN, V78, P209, DOI 10.1007/BF01249230 VOGEL F, 1978, HUMAN GENETICS, V1 WARING R, 1992, LANCET, V339, P616 WARING R H, 1980, European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, V5, P49 WARING RH, 1988, XENOBIOTICA, V18, P235 WARING RH, 1993, BIOL PERSPECTIVES AU, P25 WARING RH, 1993, BRIT J RHEUMATOL, V32, P181 WARING RH, 1989, LANCET, V2, P356 WARING RH, 1982, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V10, P61 WARING RH, 1986, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V35, P2999, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(86)90377-1 WARING RH, 1990, LANCET, V335, P1527, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(90)93064-V WARING RH, 1978, XENOBIOTICA, V8, P265 WARING RH, 1983, XENOBIOTICA, V13, P311 WARING RH, 1982, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V31, P3151, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90102-2 WATSON RGP, 1988, J HEPATOL, V7, P72, DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(88)80508-7 WEBER WW, 1987, ACYTYLATOR GENES DRU WEBER WW, 1985, PHARMACOL REV, V37, P25 WEINSHILBOUM R, 1992, PHARMACOGENETICS DRU, P227 WEINSHILBOUM RM, 1986, FASEB J, V45, P2220 WILLIAMS A, 1991, NEUROLOGY, V41, P29 WOODHEAD AD, 1988, PHENOTYPIC VARIATION Woods James S., 1993, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, V40, P147 YAMAGUCHI K, 1987, METHOD ENZYMOL, V143, P395 YAMAGUCHI K, 1978, J BIOCHEM-TOKYO, V83, P479 YAMAGUCHI K, 1985, TAURINE BIOL ACTIONS, P23 ZOU JY, 1990, J NEUROCHEM, V55, P1154, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03119.x 1994, ENV HLTH PERSPECT, V102, P432 NR 142 TC 22 Z9 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 17 PY 1996 VL 111 IS 1-3 BP 43 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03392-6 PG 23 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA VB148 UT WOS:A1996VB14800007 PM 8711748 ER PT J AU Klin, A AF Klin, A TI Behavioral issues in autism - Schopler,E, Mesibov,GB SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Book Review RP Klin, A (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,333 CEDAR ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th SCHOPLER E, 1994, BEHAVIORAL ISSUES AU NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSN MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 SN 0895-8017 J9 AM J MENT RETARD JI Am. J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA UY802 UT WOS:A1996UY80200009 ER PT J AU Arco, L Millett, R AF Arco, L Millett, R TI Maintaining instructional behavior after on-the-job training with process-based performance feedback SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article ID STAFF MANAGEMENT; INSTITUTIONAL STAFF; CARE ROUTINES; LARGE-SCALE; PROGRAM; ACQUISITION; MAINTENANCE AB Maintenance was examined after two instructors received on-the-job training with verbal process-based feedback (i.e., feedback emphasizing instructor performance over client behavior). During process-based feedback, instructors were taught to accurately perform a modified Distar(R) Language program with a school-aged child with autism. A maintenance condition followed, during which feedback was no longer provided except for basic outcome feedback generated by the instructors themselves. instructor and child behavior levels, performance error, and rates were measured in a multiple baseline design and reported during 15 weeks. Results show that instructor and child behavior were maintained after training concluded. Given previous findings, these results suggest that if instructors are first trained to perform accurately, then maintenance with minimal feedback is more likely to occur. C1 MURDOCH UNIV,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. CR ALAVOSIUS MP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P151, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-151 ARCO L, 1991, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V6, P231, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360060402 ARCO L, IN PRESS J ORG BEHAV ARCO L, 1990, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V5, P207, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360050307 Balcazar F., 1985, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V7, P65, DOI DOI 10.1300/J075V07N03_ Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63 BURGION LD, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-111 DAVIS JR, 1987, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V2, P25, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360020103 DELAMATER AM, 1984, BEHAV MODIF, V8, P39, DOI 10.1177/01454455840081003 DEMCHAK M, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P603 ENGELMANN S, 1987, DISTAR LANGUAGE, V1 FOX CJ, 1989, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V10, P19 HRYDOWY ER, 1994, BEHAV MODIF, V18, P66, DOI 10.1177/01454455940181005 HUDSON AM, 1982, BEHAV THER, V13, P325, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(82)80041-5 INGHAM P, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P153, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-153 IVANCIC MT, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-95 JOHNSON KR, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1475, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.47.11.1475 KISSEL RC, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P395, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-395 Maher C. A., 1981, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V3, P33 OREILLY MF, 1994, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V29, P22 PAGE TJ, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P335, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-335 Parsons M. B., 1993, BEHAVIORAL RESIDENTI, V8, P163, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360080302 PARSONS MB, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P139, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-139 Prue D. M., 1981, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAG, V3, P1 PRUE DM, 1980, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V2, P165 Reid D. H., 1989, STAFF MANAGEMENT HUM REID DH, 1983, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V3, P131, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(83)90011-3 REPP AC, 1987, RES DEV DISABIL, V8, P331, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(87)90011-4 RICHMAN GS, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-401 SANDERS MR, 1982, AUST J PSYCHOL, V34, P53, DOI 10.1080/00049538208254717 SISSON LA, 1988, RES DEV DISABIL, V9, P419, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(88)90035-2 SUDA KT, 1993, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V8, P69, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360080202 SULZERAZAROFF B, 1990, BEHAV CHANGE, V7, P3 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 20 IS 3 BP 300 EP 320 DI 10.1177/01454455960203004 PG 21 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA UX818 UT WOS:A1996UX81800004 PM 8779639 ER PT J AU Lewis, S AF Lewis, S TI Structural brain imaging in biological psychiatry SO BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; GRAY-MATTER VOLUME; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CAUDATE NUCLEI; TEMPORAL-LOBE; ABNORMALITIES; MRI; ASSOCIATION AB The application of X-ray CT and magnetic resonance imaging to the study of brain structure in psychiatry research is reviewed. In schizophrenia, CT showed minor enlargements of fluid spaces; MR has shown volume reductions in medial temporal lobe structures and, most recently, general cortical grey matter In affective disorders, subcortical white matter lesions seem to characterise particular subgroups. In childhood autism, no clear consensus has emerged despite earlier claims For cerebellar pathology In dementia, medial temporal changes can be detected reliably in Alzheimer's disease and are of diagnostic and prognostic importance. RP Lewis, S (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,SCH PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,WITHINGTON HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,MANCHESTER M20 2LR,LANCS,ENGLAND. CR BARTA PE, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1457 BOGERTS B, 1993, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V33, P236, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90289-P BOONE KB, 1992, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V49, P549 BRUGHA TS, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P457 BURNS A, IN PRESS DEMENTIA CHAKOS MH, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P1430 COURCHESNE E, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P1349, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198805263182102 Cummings JL, 1992, DEMENTIA CLIN APPROA, V2nd DUPONT RM, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P55 FIGIEL GS, 1991, NEUROBIOL AGING, V26, P245 HARVEY I, 1993, PSYCHOL MED, V23, P591 KO L, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P90 KRISHNAN KRR, 1992, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V49, P553 KUHNLEY EJ, 1980, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V42, P167 LAURIELLO J, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P95, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95297-M LEWIS SW, 1985, PSYCHOL MED, V15, P43 LEWIS SW, 1990, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY LEWIS SW, 1988, PSYCHOL MED, V18, P341 LUCHINS DJ, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P859 OWENS DGC, 1980, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V43, P1065, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.43.12.1065 PEARLSON GD, 1994, BRAIN IMAGING PSYCHI PIERI J, 1995, SCHIZOPHR RES, V15, P87, DOI 10.1016/0920-9964(95)95272-B PIVEN, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V31, P734 PIVEN J, 1992, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V31, P491, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90260-7 PIVEN J, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P1145 RABINS PV, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P617 REVELEY AM, 1983, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V46, P18, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.46.1.18 SCHLAEPFER TE, 1994, AM J PSYCHIAT, V151, P842 SHENTON ME, 1992, NEW ENGL J MED, V327, P604, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199208273270905 SUDDATH RL, 1990, NEW ENGL J MED, V322, P789, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199003223221201 SWAYZE VW, 1990, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V47, P1054 WALLACE CJ, 1993, LANCET, V342, P1252, DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92354-V ZIPURSKY RB, 1994, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V35, P501, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90097-3 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0007-1420 J9 BRIT MED BULL JI Br. Med. Bull. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VJ610 UT WOS:A1996VJ61000005 PM 8949250 ER PT J AU Johnson, CR AF Johnson, CR TI Sleep problems in children with mental retardation and autism. SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; STIMULUS-CONTROL; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GRADUATED EXTINCTION; HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; MAINTENANCE INSOMNIA; PATTERNS; INDIVIDUALS; DISTURBANCE; BEDTIME AB There is a striking paucity of studies systematically examining sleep problems in children with mental retardation and with autism. Nonetheless, based on the limited empiric findings, the presence of sleep problems and disturbances appears quite prevalent in these special populations. Moreover, there are a number of compelling reasons to hypothesize that children with mental retardation and autism are at particular risk for sleep problems. The assessment and treatment of behavior problems in general in children with mental retardation and autism have relied heavily on procedures developed out of the field of applied behavior analysis. The few treatment studies of sleep problems have been promising. RP Johnson, CR (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH, MED CTR,WESTERN PSYCHIAT INST & CLIN, DEPT PSYCHIAT,3811 OHARA ST, ROOM 673, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. CR ADAMS LA, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V84, P756 ALLISON DB, 1993, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V38, P274 *AM ASS MENT RET, 1992, DIAGN SYST SUPP MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1995, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AZRIN NH, 1971, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V4, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-89 BARTLETT LB, 1985, BRIT J MENT SUBNORM, V31, P54 BRANDENBURG NA, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P76, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00013 BROWN L, 1990, HDB SLEEP DISORDERS, P595 Carr E. G., 1994, COMMUNICATION BASED CATALDO MF, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P21, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90004-0 CLEMENTS J, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01841.x Dahl R. E., 1995, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V4, P323 DUKER PC, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02212942 DURAND VM, 1990, BEHAV MODIF, V14, P37, DOI 10.1177/01454455900141003 EATON LF, 1982, AM J PSYCHIAT, V139, P1297 ESPIE CA, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P25 FAVELL J, 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE FERBER R, 1985, SOLVING YOUR CHILDS FERBER R, 1994, SLEEP DISORDERS MED, P417 Foxx R. M., 1973, TOILET TRAINING RETA FRANCE KG, 1991, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V12, P308 GLAZE DG, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P377, DOI 10.1002/ana.410210410 GRODEN G, 1982, PSYCHOL REP, V51, P143 GRUBAR J C, 1989, Brain Dysfunction, V2, P73 Grubar J C, 1983, Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin, V13, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0370-4475(83)80068-9 GUESS D, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V96, P299 HAMAGUCHI H, 1989, BRAIN DEV, V11, P434 HARRELL S, 1994, CULTURAL CHANGE IN POSTWAR TAIWAN, P161 HAURI P, 1989, PRINCIPLES PRACTICE, P442 HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P45 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 IWATA BA, 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON, P302 JAN JE, 1994, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V36, P96 Johnson C. M., 1985, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V6, P21, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198521)6:1<21:AID-IMHJ2280060105>3.0.CO;2-Q JOHNSON CR, 1994, BEHAV MODIF, V18, P214, DOI 10.1177/01454455940182005 JOHNSON CR, 1993, BEHAV MODIF, V17, P510, DOI 10.1177/01454455930174006 KAPLAN J, 1991, MAYO CLIN PROC, V66, P1124 KATARIA S, 1987, J PEDIATR-US, V110, P642, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80571-1 LACKS P, 1983, BEHAV RES THER, V21, P291, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(83)90211-5 LAWTON C, 1991, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V13, P39, DOI 10.1300/J019v13n01_03 MACLEAN WE, 1994, DESTRUCTIVE BEHAV DE, P70 MCLIN WM, 1992, AM PSYCHOL, V47, P1124, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.47.9.1124 MORIN CM, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P260, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.55.2.260 Okawa MSH, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P269 ORNITZ EM, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P140, DOI 10.1007/BF01537567 PACE GM, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-381 PETREQUADENS O, 1972, SLEEP MATURING NERVO, P383 PIAZZA CC, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-129 PLIENIS AJ, 1988, J MULTIHANDICAPPED P, V1, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF01110554 POINDEXTER AR, 1994, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P776 QUINE L, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P269 RICHMAN N, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P281, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60989-4 RICHMAN N, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb01642.x Richman N, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P115 RICKERT VI, 1988, PEDIATRICS, V81, P203 RINCOVER A, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P299, DOI 10.1007/BF00924733 RUSSO RM, 1976, J CLIN PHARMACOL, V16, P284 RUTTER M, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P313 SANDERS MR, 1985, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V13, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF00918375 SANDMAN CA, 1988, SYNAPSE, V2, P193, DOI 10.1002/syn.890020304 SEWAGA M, 1985, JAPANESE J DEV DISAB, V4, P184 SHEPHERD C, 1989, J MENT DEFIC RES, V33, P511 SHOUSE MN, 1987, SLEEP ITS DISORDERS, P291 STORES G, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1303, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00951.x SUMMERS JA, 1992, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V13, P284 THOMPSON RJ, 1984, ADV DEV BEHAVIORAL P, V5, P265 THORPY MJ, 1990, HDB SLEEP DISORDERS, P609 TOUCHETTE PE, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P343, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-343 WALKER GR, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P87, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90014-B WOLF M, 1964, BEHAV RES THER, V1, P305 1978, J AUTISM CHILDHOOD S, V8, P162 NR 71 TC 42 Z9 44 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1056-4993 EI 1558-0490 J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 5 IS 3 BP 673 EP + PG 0 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VN770 UT WOS:A1996VN77000011 ER PT J AU Pearl, P Coleman, M AF Pearl, P Coleman, M TI Autosomal chromosome disorders and autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article DE autism; chromosomes; autosomes; translocation; genetics ID RECURRENT FETAL WASTAGE; STRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENTS; TRANSLOCATIONS; COUPLES AB Genetic disorders, including autosomes, sex chromosomes, and single gene disorders, represent the majority of the known etiologies of autism. The first reported case of a 4;10 translocation in an autistic patient is presented. Mechanisms underlying phenotypic expression of balanced translocations are discussed. Position effect variegation may be implicated because of the involvement of centromeric DNA of chromosome 4 in this translocation. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CR BOUE A, 1984, PRENATAL DIAG, V4, P45, DOI 10.1002/pd.1970040705 BOWSERRILEY SM, 1988, J MED GENET, V25, P326, DOI 10.1136/jmg.25.5.326 CANTU JM, 1981, ANN GENET-PARIS, V24, P41 COOK PJL, 1981, ANN HUM GENET, V45, P39, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1981.tb00304.x FRYNS JP, 1986, HUM GENET, V72, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF00278808 FRYNS JP, 1984, ANN GENET-PARIS, V27, P62 FRYNS JP, 1984, HUM GENET, V65, P336, DOI 10.1007/BF00291558 Gillberg C., 1992, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO GILLBERG PA, 1990, PEDIATR NEUROL, V8, P659 HAGERMAN RJ, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P105 HENDER K, 1977, CLIN GENET, V12, P101 HO HH, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF02211851 HSU LYF, 1979, CYTOGENET CELL GENET, V23, P282, DOI 10.1159/000131342 JACOBS PA, 1974, J MED GENET, V11, P50, DOI 10.1136/jmg.11.1.50 KALOUSEK DK, 1989, AM J MED GENET, V33, P14 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 KITSIOU S, 1987, ANN GENET-PARIS, V30, P59 KOPELMAN JM, 1990, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V162, P1242 KOZMA C, 1989, OPHTHALMIC PEDIAT GE, V11, P23 NIELSEN J, 1981, HUM GENET, V59, P194 NIEMEYER MF, 1976, J MED GENET, V13, P182 NIERMEIJER MF, 1976, J MED GENET, V13, P182, DOI 10.1136/jmg.13.3.182 OLSON SB, 1985, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V153, P743 OSZTOVICS MK, 1982, ANN GENET-PARIS, V25, P232 PAULI RM, 1982, CLIN GENET, V22, P340 RITVO ER, 1990, AM J PSYCHIAT, V147, P1614 ROLLAND M, 1977, ANN GENET-PARIS, V20, P209 TURLEAU C, 1976, ANN GENET-PARIS, V19, P61 WALLACE MR, 1990, SCIENCE, V249, P181, DOI 10.1126/science.2134734 WARBURTON D, 1991, AM J HUM GENET, V49, P995 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1019-5815 J9 DEV BRAIN DYSFUNCT JI Dev. Brain Dysfunct. PD JUL-AUG PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA VD182 UT WOS:A1996VD18200008 ER EF