FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Silver, M
Oakes, P
AF Silver, M
Oakes, P
TI Evaluation of a new computer intervention to teach people with autism or
Asperger syndrome to recognize and predict emotions in others
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; autism; computer; emotion; intervention
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; MIND; ABILITY;
EXPRESSIONS; BELIEF; SKILLS
AB This randomized controlled trial looked at the effect of a new computer program designed to teach people with autistic spectrum disorders to better recognize and predict emotional responses in others. Two groups of 11 children (age 12-18) with autism or Asperger syndrome at two special schools participated: one group used the computer program for 10 half-hour sessions over 2 weeks. Within-program data showed a significant reduction in errors made from first to last use. Students were assessed pre- and post-intervention using facial expression photographs, cartoons depicting emotion-laden situations, and non-literal stories. Scores were not related to age or verbal ability. The experimental group made gains relative to the control group on all three measures. Gains correlated significantly with the number of times the computer program was used and results suggest positive effects. Further research could assess whether these gains generalized into real life or improved performance on theory of mind measures.
C1 St Jamess Univ Hosp, Child & Family Unit, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England.
Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.
RP Silver, M (reprint author), St Jamess Univ Hosp, Child & Family Unit, Beckett St, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England.
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NR 43
TC 92
Z9 92
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 3
BP 299
EP 316
DI 10.1177/1362361301005003007
PG 18
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GM
UT WOS:000171810100006
PM 11708589
ER
PT J
AU Field, T
Field, T
Sanders, C
Nadel, J
AF Field, T
Field, T
Sanders, C
Nadel, J
TI Children with autism display more social behaviors after repeated
imitation sessions
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; imitation; social behaviour; stiff face paradigm
ID TO-FACE INTERACTION
AB Based on earlier studies, an adult's imitations of the behaviors of children with autism lead to increased social behavior in the children. The present study explored the effects of repeated sessions of imitation. Twenty children were recruited from a school for children with autism to attend three sessions during which an adult either imitated all of the children's behaviors or simply played with the child. During the second session the children in the imitation group spent a greater proportion of time showing distal social behaviors toward the adult including: (1) looking; (2) vocalizing; (3) smiling; and (4) engaging in reciprocal play. During the third session, the children in the imitation group spent a greater proportion of time showing proximal social behaviors toward the adult including: (1) being close to the adult; (2) sitting next to the adult; and (3) touching the adult. These data suggest the potential usefulness of adult imitative behavior as an early intervention.
C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Touch Res Inst, Miami, FL 33101 USA.
Inst Psychobiol, CNRS, Paris, France.
RP Field, T (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Touch Res Inst, POB 016820, Miami, FL 33101 USA.
EM tfield@mednet-med.miami.edu
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NR 13
TC 45
Z9 45
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 3
BP 317
EP 323
DI 10.1177/1362361301005003008
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GM
UT WOS:000171810100007
PM 11708590
ER
PT J
AU Schreibman, L
Anderson, A
AF Schreibman, L
Anderson, A
TI Focus on integration: The future of the behavioral treatment of autism
SO BEHAVIOR THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID JOINT ATTENTION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; SELF-MANAGEMENT; 2ND YEAR; CHILDREN;
LANGUAGE; PLAY; DISORDER; SKILLS
AB The question was posed: What is the future of the behavioral treatment of autism? This paper answers that question by suggesting that integration will be pivotal to the successful treatment of autism in the future. Five main levels of integration are proposed: (a) integration of disciplines (e.g., applied behavior analysis with education, developmental psychology, neuroscience); (b) integration of treatment types (e.g., structured and naturalistic behavior therapy, speech therapy, medicine) (c) integration of the domains of behavior (e.g., language, play, attention); (d) integration of treatment programs (e.g., behavior therapy with school programming, occupational therapy); and, (e) integration of treatment providers (e.g., therapists, teachers and professionals with parents, siblings and peers). Integration is important because it (a) involves the sharing of information, which allows researchers and treatment providers with varying expertise to benefit from one another; (b) helps maximize treatment success by facilitating individualized treatment based on each child's specific characteristics and needs; (c) facilitates effective and efficient teaching; and (d) encourages consistency across treatment programs, settings, and providers.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Schreibman, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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NR 62
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY
PI NEW YORK
PA 305 7TH AVE #16A, NEW YORK, NY 10001-6008 USA
SN 0005-7894
J9 BEHAV THER
JI Behav. Therapy
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 4
BP 619
EP 632
DI 10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80012-5
PG 14
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 542YE
UT WOS:000175072600002
ER
PT J
AU Scheeringa, MS
AF Scheeringa, MS
TI The differential diagnosis of impaired reciprocal social interaction in
children: A review of disorders
SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE reciprocal social interaction; developmental disorders; children
ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS; SEMANTIC-PRAGMATIC DISORDER;
HIGH-LEVEL AUTISM; DSM-IV; PERSONALITY SUBTYPES; FIELD TRIAL; CHILDHOOD;
PERFORMANCE; ATTACHMENT; ABILITIES
AB Impairment in reciprocal social interaction in children that is less severe than autism can be difficult to diagnose due to the variety of developmental pathways that may lead to this problem. Seven childhood disorders are reviewed that include impaired reciprocal interaction: multisystem developmental disorder, nonverbal learning disability syndrome, semantic-pragmatic disorder, attachment disorders (including a developmental theory of limbic system damage), multiplex developmental disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Clarification is needed for most of the disorders in the areas of operationalized criteria, assessment tools, and documenting causal relationships.
C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Scheeringa, MS (reprint author), 1440 Canal St,TB52, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
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NR 56
TC 13
Z9 13
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0009-398X
J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D
JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 1
BP 71
EP 89
DI 10.1023/A:1017511714145
PG 19
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 489XV
UT WOS:000172018900005
PM 11579660
ER
PT J
AU Vanhala, R
Turpeinen, U
Riikonen, R
AF Vanhala, R
Turpeinen, U
Riikonen, R
TI Low levels of insulin-like growth factor-I in cerebrospinal fluid in
children with autism
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CEREBELLAR DEGENERATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DISORDERS; BRAIN; SYSTEM;
ADULTS; SERUM; STAGE; GENE; SIZE
AB Autism is a behaviourally defined syndrome characterized by disturbances of social interaction and communication and restrictions of behaviour patterns and imagination. The pathogenesis of autism is unknown but it is suspected that a number of genetic factors may be involved. Neurotrophic factors such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) play a role in early brain development. The aim of this study was to determine whether IGF-I levels might be associated with the development of autism. IGF-I levels were measured in the CSF of 11 children with autism (4 females, 7 males; mean age 3.8 years, SD 1.1) using a sensitive radioimmunoassay method and compared with levels in 11 control participants (6 females, 5 males; mean age 3.8 years). Levels of IGF-I in the CSF were statistically significantly lower in the children with autism than in the control children (p=0.03). IGF-I may play a role in pathogenetic mechanisms of autism and the role of neurotrophic factors in autism and other neurodevelopmental diseases should be studied further.
C1 Hosp Children & Adolescents, Unit Child Neurol, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp Lab, Helsinki, Finland.
Univ Kuopio, Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
RP Vanhala, R (reprint author), Childrens Castle Hosp, Hosp Children & Adolescents, Lastenlinnantie 2, SF-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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THAM A, 1993, J NEURAL TRANSM-PARK, V5, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02257671
TorresAleman I, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V39, P335, DOI 10.1002/ana.410390310
Torres-Aleman I, 1998, NEUROSCIENCE, V83, P321
Werther GA, 1998, HORM RES, V49, P37, DOI 10.1159/000053066
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Yuen EC, 1996, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V18, P362, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(96)00051-4
Yuen EC, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V40, P346, DOI 10.1002/ana.410400304
NR 30
TC 31
Z9 31
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 9
BP 614
EP 616
DI 10.1017/S0012162201001116
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 490MU
UT WOS:000172056300006
PM 11570630
ER
PT J
AU Adrien, JL
Rossignol-Deletang, N
Martineau, J
Couturier, G
Barthelemy, C
AF Adrien, JL
Rossignol-Deletang, N
Martineau, J
Couturier, G
Barthelemy, C
TI Regulation of cognitive activity and early communication development in
young autistic, mentally retarded, and young normal children
SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE disorders of regulation; communication development; social interaction;
autism; mental retardation; child
ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE; PLAY;
DEFICITS; MIND
AB Based on the Piagetian framework, this study examined regulation of Cognitive profiles and their interrelationship in groups of autistic, activity and developmental communication pro mentally retarded, and normal children of comparable overall, verbal, and oculo-manual developmental ages (from 6 to 24 months). Regulation of activity was assessed with both an object permanence test and an original behavior grid, and development of communication skills with the Guidetti-Tourrette scales (French adaptation of the Seibert-Hogan scales). The results showed evidence of certain types of dysregulation of cognitive activity and a general delay in communication ability In autistic children compared to the other two groups. Moreover although the intensity of some of these disorders decreased in relation to the developmental levels of social interaction and joint attention in normal children, they were related to both high and low levels of development of social interaction only in autistic children. These findings raise the hypothesis of a relationship between a disorder of disengaging from an activity and developmental levels of social interaction noted at two transitory periods of early development (12 and 24 months) only in children with autism. Developmental and neuropsychological interpretations of this particular pattern are proposed. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, F-37044 Tours, France.
RP Adrien, JL (reprint author), CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, 2 Bd Tonnelle, F-37044 Tours, France.
CR ADRIEN JL, 1994, DEV ENFANT APPROCHES, P175
ADRIEN JL, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF01487069
ADRIEN JL, 1988, NEUROPSYCHIAT ENFAN, V36, P9
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American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 46
TC 13
Z9 14
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0012-1630
J9 DEV PSYCHOBIOL
JI Dev. Psychobiol.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 39
IS 2
BP 124
EP 136
DI 10.1002/dev.1036
PG 13
WC Developmental Biology; Psychology
SC Developmental Biology; Psychology
GA 470GX
UT WOS:000170863500007
PM 11568882
ER
PT J
AU Dyches, TT
Prater, MA
Cramer, SF
AF Dyches, TT
Prater, MA
Cramer, SF
TI Characterization of mental retardation and autism in children's books
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
AB Although many authors have identified guidelines in the evaluation and subsequent selection of contemporary, children's literature, few have studied how individuals with mental retardation and autism (MR/A) are depicted in children's literature. Dyches and Prater (2000) took a unique approach in creating evaluation guidelines based not only upon general literary standards, but also with regard for the portrayal of individuals with disabilities (Turnbull, Turnbull, Shank, & Leal, 1999). Based on the Dyches and Prater guidelines, characterizations and plots in eligible children's books published during 1997 and 1998 were evaluated. Twelve books are discussed in detail, in terms of each guideline. The results showed that there was inconsistency in the books, in terms of the themes that emerged: (a) characterization and positive portrayal, (b) relationships, (c) changes in characters without MR/A, and (d) changes in characters with MR/A. Special topics that were Present in the books are also discussed: schooling, recreation, and residence. The characters in the books were portrayed as making more choices in their lives, and were educated in more inclusive setting, than characters in books in an earlier study by Prater (1998). The conclusion highlights the use of this study as the basis of an international award for children's literature that includes characters with mental retardation and/or autism.
C1 Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA.
RP Dyches, TT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, 328 MCKB,POB 25093, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BAER J, 1997, HEARTLESS HERO
BANKS SH, 1997, UNDER SHADOW WINGS
Blaska J.K., 1996, USING CHILDRENS LIT
BUTLER G, 1998, HANGASHORE
CARTER AL, 1997, BIG BROTHER DUSTIN
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Dyches T. T., 2000, DEV DISABILITY CHILD
EICHELBERGER D, 1998, BOY WHO SWAM STARS
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MAZER H, 1998, WILD KID
MOORE CA, 1984, READING HORIZONS, V24, P274
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U.S. Department of Education, 2000, 22 ANN REP C IMPL IN
1999, CHILDRENS BOOKS PRIN
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA
SN 0013-1237
J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET
JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 3
BP 230
EP 243
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 464AV
UT WOS:000170511000002
ER
PT J
AU Myles, BS
Barnhill, GP
Hagiwara, T
Griswold, DE
Simpson, RL
AF Myles, BS
Barnhill, GP
Hagiwara, T
Griswold, DE
Simpson, RL
TI A synthesis of studies on the intellectual, academic, social/emotional
and sensory characteristics of children and youth with Asperger syndrome
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM
AB A synthesis of studies designed to better understand characteristics of children and youth identified as having Asperger syndrome is Provided. Based on work associated with The Asperger Syndrome Research Project, summarized information on the unique intellectual, academic, social/emotional, and sensory characteristics of children and youth with Asperger syndrome is presented. Implications and practitioner information related to these findings is also included.
C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Special Educ, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
RP Myles, BS (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Special Educ, 3901 Rainbow Blvd,HC Miller Bldg,4th Floor, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002
Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
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NR 40
TC 22
Z9 22
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI RESTON
PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 USA
SN 0013-1237
J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET
JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 3
BP 304
EP 311
PG 8
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 464AV
UT WOS:000170511000008
ER
PT J
AU Brown, J
Murray, D
AF Brown, J
Murray, D
TI Strategies for enhancing play skills for children with autism spectrum
disorder
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
AB Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not develop play in the same way that children with typical development do (Libby, Powell, Messer, & Jordan, 1997; Murray-Slutsky & Paris, 2000; Wolfberg, 1999). This article describes play differences in children with ASD. It also suggests strategies for developing an intervention plan including assessment, goal setting, and teaching play skills.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
Kelly OLeary Ctr PDD, Cincinnati, OH USA.
RP Brown, J (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Kelly OLeary Ctr PDD, 3333 Burnet Ave,PAV 2nd Floor, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Bruner J. S., 1976, PLAY ITS ROLE DEV EV, P28
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Garvey C., 1990, PLAY
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Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE
MacDonald J. D., 1989, BECOMING PARTNERS CH
MURRAY D, 2000, M DIV MENT RET DEV D
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Peeters T., 1997, AUTISM THEORETICAL U
Quill K. A., 2000, DO WATCH LISTEN SAY
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NR 26
TC 11
Z9 11
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI RESTON
PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 USA
SN 0013-1237
J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET
JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 3
BP 312
EP 317
PG 6
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 464AV
UT WOS:000170511000009
ER
PT J
AU Raja, M
Azzoni, A
AF Raja, M
Azzoni, A
TI Asperger's disorder in the emergency psychiatric setting
SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's disorder; autism; psychotic disorders; diagnosis; psychiatric
emergency
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; OPEN-LABEL;
CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHRENIA; ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; PHENOMENOLOGY; HANDEDNESS;
ADULTHOOD; PSYCHOSES; EPILEPSY
AB Asperger's syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder that may be unrecognized, especially if signs of other psychiatric disorders coexist. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to ascertain the prevalence of AS in the emergency psychiatric setting; and 2) to describe features of AS which may help to differentiate these patients from patients with psychotic disorders. Among 2500 patients admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit, 5 (0.2%) received a diagnosis of AS, for the first time. Besides impairment of social interaction, common features were the following: male gender, left handedness, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, cognitive hyper-abilities, violent behavior, sense of humor, low WAIS total score, high WAIS verbal/performance score ratio, unusual, restricted interest and clumsiness. Comorbid schizophrenia is difficult to rule out in these patients. Psychotic symptoms should not be overvalued in making the diagnosis when specific features of AS are present. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Osped Santo Spirito, Dipartimento Salute Mentale, Rome, Italy.
RP Raja, M (reprint author), Osped Santo Spirito, Dipartimento Salute Mentale, Rome, Italy.
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NR 66
TC 21
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0163-8343
J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT
JI Gen. Hosp. Psych.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 23
IS 5
BP 285
EP 293
DI 10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00155-4
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 483CL
UT WOS:000171616100007
PM 11600171
ER
PT J
AU Nurmi, EL
Bradford, Y
Chen, YH
Hall, J
Arnone, B
Gardiner, MB
Hutcheson, HB
Gilbert, JR
Pericak-Vance, MA
Copeland-Yates, SA
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Santangelo, SL
Sheffield, VC
Piven, J
Folstein, SE
Haines, JL
Sutcliffe, JS
AF Nurmi, EL
Bradford, Y
Chen, YH
Hall, J
Arnone, B
Gardiner, MB
Hutcheson, HB
Gilbert, JR
Pericak-Vance, MA
Copeland-Yates, SA
Michaelis, RC
Wassink, TH
Santangelo, SL
Sheffield, VC
Piven, J
Folstein, SE
Haines, JL
Sutcliffe, JS
TI Linkage disequilibrium at the Angelman syndrome gene UBE3A in autism
families
SO GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; 15q11-q13; UBE3A; linkage disequilibrium; deletion
ID RECEPTOR SUBUNIT BETA-3; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; CANDIDATE GENE; PROXIMAL
15Q; DISORDER; GABRB3; DUPLICATION; ASSOCIATION; UBE3A/E6-AP; PHENOTYPE
AB Autistic disorder is a neuro developmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. Observations of maternal duplications affecting chromosome 15q11-q13 in patients with autism and evidence for linkage and linkage disequilibrium to markers in this region in chromosomally normal autism families indicate the existence of a susceptibility locus. We have screened the families of the Collaborative Linkage Study of Autism for several markers spanning a candidate region covering similar to 2 Mb and including the Angelman syndrome gene (UMA) and a cluster of gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor subunit genes (GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3). We found significant evidence for linkage disequilibrium at marker D15S122, located at the 5 ' end of UMA. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of linkage disequilibrium at UBE3A in autism families. Characterization of null alleles detected at D15S822 in the course of genetic studies of this region showed a small (similar to 5-kb) genomic deletion, which was present at somewhat higher frequencies in autism families than in controls.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Program Human Genet, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Sutcliffe, JS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Program Human Genet, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012; Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012; Nurmi,
Erika/P-4627-2014
OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007; Nurmi, Erika/0000-0003-4893-8957
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NR 47
TC 92
Z9 95
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0888-7543
J9 GENOMICS
JI Genomics
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 77
IS 1-2
BP 105
EP 113
DI 10.1006/geno.2001.6617
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 469GU
UT WOS:000170806800016
PM 11543639
ER
PT J
AU McGregor, E
AF McGregor, E
TI Teaching children with autism to mind-read: A practical guide.
SO INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
RP McGregor, E (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
CR Hadwin J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P345
Howlin P., 1999, TEACHING CHILDREN AU
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1522-7227
J9 INFANT CHILD DEV
JI Infant Child Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 3
BP 151
EP 152
DI 10.1002/icd.237
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 476CY
UT WOS:000171209700006
ER
PT J
AU Dozier, CL
Carr, JE
Enloe, K
Landaburu, H
Eastridge, D
Kellum, KK
AF Dozier, CL
Carr, JE
Enloe, K
Landaburu, H
Eastridge, D
Kellum, KK
TI Using fixed-time schedules to maintain behavior: A preliminary
investigation
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE fixed-time schedules; schedule density; maintenance; noncontingent
reinforcement
AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of fixed-time (FT) schedules to maintain behavior. Two children who had been diagnosed with autism were taught a functional task. Subsequently, three different FT schedules (i.e., yoked, thin, dense) were compared to determine their capacity to maintain task responding. Results suggested that FT schedules may be used to maintain previously acquired behavior.
C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Dozier, CL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
CR Carr JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P353, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-353
Carr JE, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P313, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-313
Ringdahl JE, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-1
VOLLMER TR, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P119
NR 4
TC 7
Z9 7
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 3
BP 337
EP 340
DI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-337
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 481DB
UT WOS:000171503700006
PM 11678529
ER
PT J
AU Hellings, JA
Zarcone, JR
Crandall, K
Wallace, D
Schroeder, SR
AF Hellings, JA
Zarcone, JR
Crandall, K
Wallace, D
Schroeder, SR
TI Weight gain in a controlled study of risperidone in children,
adolescents and adults with mental retardation and autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; BODY-WEIGHT; SEROTONIN;
STEATOHEPATITIS; DISORDER
AB As part of an ongoing, prospective, ABA design, double-blind crossover study of risperidone versus placebo for the treatment of aggressive, destructive and self-injurious behavior in persons aged 6-65 years with mental retardation (MR) and autism, we measured the weight of 19 subjects at each study visit. We compared mean weight gain during the 16-week acute phase and 24-week open maintenance phase with that during the initial and middle placebo phases statistically, using a linear mixed model procedure. Results of the linear mixed model analysis showed that relative weight gain observed during the acute and maintenance drug phases was significantly greater than that observed during the initial and middle placebo phases respectively (p = .0001 and p = .0001). Over approximately a year, children aged 8-12 (n = 5) gained a mean of 8.2 kg (range = 2.7-17.7 kg); adolescents (n = 6) aged 13-16 gained a mean of 8.4 kg (range 3.6-15.5 kg); adults aged 21-51 (n = 8) gained a mean of 5.4 kg (range 0-9.5 kg). Weight gain observed in this controlled study of risperidone treatment in children, adolescents, and adults with MR and autism was significant. It may be greater in this population than in others reported and in this study was not limited to an acute effect only. Rate of weight gain diminished rapidly on tapering and stopping the drug. Further studies are urgently needed, including those incorporating diet and exercise programming.
C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
Univ Kansas, Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, Lawrence, KS USA.
RP Hellings, JA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
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NR 29
TC 69
Z9 70
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1044-5463
J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP
JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 3
BP 229
EP 238
DI 10.1089/10445460152595559
PG 10
WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 478NF
UT WOS:000171351700003
PM 11642473
ER
PT J
AU Posey, DJ
Guenin, KD
Kohn, AE
Swiezy, NB
McDougle, CJ
AF Posey, DJ
Guenin, KD
Kohn, AE
Swiezy, NB
McDougle, CJ
TI A naturalistic open-label study of mirtazapine in autistic and other
pervasive developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUOXETINE TREATMENT; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; MAJOR
DEPRESSION; ADULTS; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL; PLACEBO; RISPERIDONE;
FENFLURAMINE
AB Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a naturalistic, open-label examination of the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine (a medication with both serotonergic and noradrenergic properties) in the treatment of associated symptoms of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).
Methods: Twenty-six subjects (5 females, 21 males; ages 3.8 to 23.5 years; mean age 10.1 +/- 4.8 years) with PDDs (20 with autistic disorder, 1 with Asperger's disorder, 1 with Rett's disorder, and 4 with PDDs not otherwise specified were treated with open-label mirtazapine (dose range, 7.5-45 mg daily; mean 30.3 +/- 12.6 mg daily). Twenty had comorbid mental retardation, and 17 were taking concomitant psychotropic medications. At endpoint, subjects' primary caregivers were interviewed using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, and a side-effect checklist.
Results: Twenty-five of 26 subjects completed at least 4 weeks of treatment (mean 150 +/- 103 days). Nine of 26 subjects (34.6%) were judged responders ("much improved" or "very much improved" on the CGI) based on improvement in a variety of symptoms including aggression, self-injury, irritability, hyperactivity, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Mirtazapine did not improve core symptoms of social or communication impairment. Adverse effects were minimal and included increased appetite, irritability, and transient sedation.
Conclusions: Mirtazapine was well tolerated but showed only modest effectiveness for treating the associated symptoms of autistic disorder and other PDDs.
C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Sect Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN USA.
RP McDougle, CJ (reprint author), James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, 702 Barnhill Dr,Room 3701, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
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NR 35
TC 39
Z9 39
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1044-5463
J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP
JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 3
BP 267
EP 277
DI 10.1089/10445460152595586
PG 11
WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 478NF
UT WOS:000171351700006
PM 11642476
ER
PT J
AU Elgar, K
Campbell, R
AF Elgar, K
Campbell, R
TI Annotation: The cognitive neuroscience of face recognition: Implications
for developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE autistic disorder; face perception; social cognition; Turner's syndrome;
visuospatial functioning; Williams syndrome
ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ULLRICH-TURNER-SYNDROME; HUMAN
VISUAL-CORTEX; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; HUMAN AMYGDALA; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS;
ASPERGER-SYNDROME; UNFAMILIAR FACES; HUMAN BRAIN; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
CHANGES
AB Face recognition is often considered to be a modular (encapsulated) function, This annotation supports the proposal that faces are special, but suggests that their identification makes use of general-purpose cortical systems that are implicated in high-level vision and also in memory and learning more generally. These systems can be considered to function within two distinct cortical streams: a medial stream (for learning and salience of faces encountered) and a lateral stream (for distributed representations of visual properties and identities of faces). Function in the lateral stream, especially, may be critically dependent on the normal development of magnocellular vision. The relevance of face recognition anomalies in three developmental syndromes (Autism, Williams syndrome, and Turner syndrome) and the two-route model sketched above is considered.
C1 UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Elgar, K (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, Behav Sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM kelgar@ich.ucl.ac.uk
RI Campbell, Ruth/K-5934-2012
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NR 152
TC 41
Z9 41
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-9630
EI 1469-7610
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 6
BP 705
EP 717
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00767
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 473RH
UT WOS:000171061500002
PM 11583243
ER
PT J
AU Farran, EK
Jarrold, C
Gathercole, SE
AF Farran, EK
Jarrold, C
Gathercole, SE
TI Block design performance in the Williams syndrome phenotype: A problem
with mental imagery?
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE visuospatial functioning; Williams syndrome
ID INFANTILE HYPERCALCEMIA; ORGANIZATION; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; CHILDREN;
AUTISM
AB Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder which, among other characteristics, has a distinctive cognitive profile. Nonverbal abilities are generally poor in relation to verbal abilities, but also show varying levels of ability in relation to each other. Performance on block construction tasks represents arguably the weakest nonverbal ability in WS. In this study we examined two requirements of block construction tasks in 21 individuals with WS and 21 typically developing (TD) control individuals. The Squares tasks, a novel two-dimensional block construction task, manipulated patterns by segmentation and perceptual cohesiveness to investigate the first factor, processing preference (local or global), and by obliqueness to examine the second factor, the ability to use mental imagery. These two factors were investigated directly by the Children's Embeded Figures Test (CEFT; Witkin, Oltman, Raskin, & Karp, 1971) and a mental rotation task respectively. Results showed that individuals with WS did not differ from the TD group in their processing style. However, the ability to use mental imagery was significantly poorer in the WS group than the TD group. This suggests that weak performance on the block construction tasks in WS may relate to an inability to use mental imagery.
C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England.
RP Farran, EK (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England.
RI Farran, Emily/F-6382-2010
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NR 31
TC 60
Z9 61
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 6
BP 719
EP 728
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00768
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 473RH
UT WOS:000171061500003
PM 11583244
ER
PT J
AU Kerbeshian, J
Burd, L
Avery, K
AF Kerbeshian, J
Burd, L
Avery, K
TI Pharmacotherapy of autism: A review and clinical approach
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; treatment; psychopharmacology; children; comorbidity; pervasive
developmental disorders
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; GROUP HOME RESIDENTS;
MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
DRUG-USE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS; FLUOXETINE TREATMENT; BEHAVIORAL
SYMPTOMS
AB Although there is a proliferating literature on the pharmacotherapy of autism, the results of these studies are often conflicting. A definitive medical intervention for the cove symptoms of autism 12 continues to elude us. In the absence of a definitive research-based pathway for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of autism, our approach is necessarily clinically based and research informed. Common medication side effects also may confound the clinical picture. A major factor in the application of our approach is an awareness of conditions comorbid with autism in an individual patient. These comorbid conditions then serve as a guide in choice of specific drug therapies. Use of medication must be guided by an awareness of habilitative, behavioral, social, administrative, and ethical issues.
C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
Univ N Dakota, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
RP Burd, L (reprint author), CETP, 1300 S Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
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NR 132
TC 8
Z9 8
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1056-263X
J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL
JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 3
BP 199
EP 228
DI 10.1023/A:1016686802786
PG 30
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 452EJ
UT WOS:000169844000001
ER
PT J
AU Huws, JC
Jones, RSP
Ingledew, DK
AF Huws, JC
Jones, RSP
Ingledew, DK
TI Parents of children with autism using an email group: A grounded theory
study
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; email; grounded theory; representations
ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; BREAST-CANCER; STRESS; INTERNET; ONLINE
AB Parents of children with autism have difficulties obtaining adequate information and support to guide them in the care of their children. However, the growth of communication technologies such as email has created greater opportunities for accessing such resources. This article presents a grounded theory analysis of the messages sent to an email group by parents of children with autism. The core category emerging from the analysis indicates that the group functioned in making sense of autism. The core category comprises four categories: searching for meaning; adjusting to changes; providing support and encouragement; and narrative sharing of experiences. Although email groups function as a social support mechanism, we suggest that this is not the only legitimate function: such groups may contribute towards the development of parental representations of autism.
C1 Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales.
RP Huws, JC (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Brigantia Bldg,Penrallt Rd, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales.
EM j.huws@bangor.ac.uk
RI Huws, Jaci/C-3289-2009
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NR 54
TC 29
Z9 31
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1359-1053
J9 J HEALTH PSYCHOL
JI J. Health Psychol.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 5
BP 569
EP 584
PG 16
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 487FF
UT WOS:000171862400009
PM 22049454
ER
PT J
AU Matthews, B
AF Matthews, B
TI Life behind glass: a personal experience of autism spectrum disorder.
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Special Educ & Disabil Studies, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
RP Matthews, B (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Special Educ & Disabil Studies, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
CR Lawson W., 1998, LIFE GLASS PERSONAL
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1366-8250
J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS
JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 3
BP 275
EP 275
PG 1
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 463XL
UT WOS:000170502500007
ER
PT J
AU Chauhan, VPS
Chauhan, A
Cohen, I
Brown, WT
AF Chauhan, VPS
Chauhan, A
Cohen, I
Brown, WT
TI Altered membrane fluidity in autism
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3042
J9 J NEUROCHEM
JI J. Neurochem.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 78
SU 1
BP 19
EP 19
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 469AF
UT WOS:000170789800063
ER
PT J
AU Bolton, PF
Roobol, M
Allsopp, L
Pickles, A
AF Bolton, PF
Roobol, M
Allsopp, L
Pickles, A
TI Association between idiopathic infantile macrocephaly and autism
spectrum disorders
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
AB We conducted a case-controlled, catch-up study of a cohort of boys born with macrocephaly in order to determine whether infantile macrocephaly is a risk marker for the later development of autism spectrum disorders, Our results show that Infantile macrocephaly was associated with an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (odds ratio 5.44, 95% CI 1.11-52.15; p=0.03). These findings suggest that neurobiological differences during infancy may predict behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum disorders.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dev Psychiat Sect, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
Univ Manchester, Sch Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
Univ Manchester, Ctr Census & Survey Res, Manchester, Lancs, England.
RP Bolton, PF (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010
OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262
CR Bailey A, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P889, DOI 10.1093/brain/121.5.889
Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444
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MORGAN M, 1983, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V37, P196, DOI 10.1136/jech.37.3.196
NR 5
TC 30
Z9 31
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD SEP 1
PY 2001
VL 358
IS 9283
BP 726
EP 727
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05903-7
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 467XR
UT WOS:000170729500015
PM 11551582
ER
PT J
AU DeStefano, F
AF DeStefano, F
TI Vaccines and autism
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MEASLES-VIRUS; CHILDREN
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
CR Bignall J, 1998, LANCET, V351, P966
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NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 20
IS 9
BP 887
EP 888
DI 10.1097/00006454-200109000-00013
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 472CW
UT WOS:000170966500012
PM 11734770
ER
PT J
AU Di Martino, A
Tuchman, RF
AF Di Martino, A
Tuchman, RF
TI Antiepileptic drugs: Affective use in autism spectrum disorders
SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; FOCAL
INTERICTAL SPIKES; EPILEPSY-PRONE RATS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; VALPROIC ACID;
PLASMA GABA; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; SEROTONIN
CONCENTRATION
AB Antiepileptic drugs are widely administered to individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. There are several reasons for the use of antiepileptic drugs in autistic spectrum disorders, including the high incidence of epilepsy in these individuals, the anecdotal reports suggesting an improvement of communication and behavior in autistic subjects with epileptic discharges, and the increased awareness that some disruptive behaviors may be manifestations of an associated affective disorder. In this study, data on the current use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of autism, and on the association of affective disorders with epilepsy and autism, are reviewed. The evidence supporting the hypothesis that there may be a subgroup of autistic children with epilepsy and affective disorders that preferentially respond to antiepileptic drugs is still very preliminary, and further investigations with double-blind controlled studies are needed. Although the role of antiepileptic drugs at the present time is not established, there is evidence that autism, epilepsy, and affective disorders commonly co-occur, and that they may share a common neurochemical substrate, which is the common target of the psychotropic mechanism of action of different antiepileptic drugs. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Miami Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Dan Marino Ctr, Weston, FL 33331 USA.
Univ Cagliari, Dept Neurosci Child Neurol & Psychiat, Cagliari, Italy.
RP Tuchman, RF (reprint author), Miami Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Dan Marino Ctr, 2900 S Commerce Pkwy, Weston, FL 33331 USA.
RI Di Martino, Adriana/L-2497-2014
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NR 120
TC 28
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0887-8994
J9 PEDIATR NEUROL
JI Pediatr. Neurol.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 25
IS 3
BP 199
EP 207
DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(01)00276-4
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 482VU
UT WOS:000171598600002
PM 11587873
ER
PT J
AU Schneider, T
Labuz, D
Przewlocki, R
AF Schneider, T
Labuz, D
Przewlocki, R
TI Nociceptive changes in rats after prenatal exposure to valproic acid
SO POLISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE animal model; autism; nociception; valproic acid
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; RECEPTORS; NEURONS; BEHAVIOR
AB Abnormalities in anatomy and function of the cranial nerve, motor nuclei and brain stem structures have been demonstrated in some people with autism and can be modeled in rats by exposure to valproic acid (VPA) during very early nervous system developmental stages (neural tube closure). The aim of this study was to investigate if VPA will have an impact on nociception in rats because of reported hypoalgesia in a subgroup of autistic patients. Pregnant females were treated ip with 600 mg/kg of sodium valproate on day 12.5 of gestation. Nociception was measured in offsprings by tail-flick and thermal paw withdrawal tests in two developmental stages: prepubertal (80-90 g) and adulthood (360-440 g). Results showed significant differences in pain sensitivity with hypoalgesia in male rats treated with VPA compared to male control in both developmental stages. The outcome of our study suggests that rats exposed prenatally to VPA show abnormalities in nociception similar to those observed in human autistic patients. Interestingly, naloxone (1 mg/kg) had no impact on nociception in offsprings of VPA-treated rats.
C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Appl Psychol, PL-31056 Krakow, Poland.
Polish Acad Sci, Inst Pharmacol, Dept Mol Neuropharmacol, PL-31343 Krakow, Poland.
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NR 23
TC 25
Z9 25
PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHARMACOLOGY
PI KRAKOW
PA SMETNA 12, 31-343 KRAKOW, POLAND
SN 1230-6002
J9 POL J PHARMACOL
JI Pol. J. Pharmacol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 53
IS 5
BP 531
EP 534
PG 4
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 506CB
UT WOS:000172951400015
PM 11990073
ER
PT J
AU Bodier, C
Lenoir, P
Malvy, J
Barthelemy, C
Wiss, M
Sauvage, D
AF Bodier, C
Lenoir, P
Malvy, J
Barthelemy, C
Wiss, M
Sauvage, D
TI Autism-related diseases: clinical analysis of 295 children with major
development disorders
SO PRESSE MEDICALE
LA French
DT Article
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB OBJECTIVE: Known since the first descriptions in 1943, diseases related to autism and associated disorders have incited a growing body of work. Both theoretical interrogations (what is the pathogenic role of autism?) and practical measures (management, screening) are implied. Nevertheless the frequency of autism-related disease has varied from 10 to 37% depending on the series reported. We studied the frequency of these factors in a population of children with major development disorders cared for at the Tours university hospital over a 39-month period.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medial features of 295 children examined in our psychiatrics and neurophysiology unit for children at the Tours center for major development disorders (based on the DSM IV diagnostic criteria) between September 1995 and December 1998. We divided these factors into 4 categories: hereditary diseases, serious medical conditions, minimal physical disorders and ante-or perinatal antecedents.
RESULTS: Among these 295 children, 26.5% had a proven or probable hereditary disease, 19% had a serious medical condition and 21.7% had minimal physical disorders. Among the children with a serious medical condition, 34.4% also had ante- or perinatal antecedents. Among the 33% without any medical factor, 77% also had ante- or perinatal antecedents.
CONCLUSION: Our data point out the quantitative importance of medical factors associated with major development disorders. They imply a close pluridisciplinary collaboration between child psychiatrists, pediatricians and geneticians in order to identify these disorders and develop an integrated management scheme. On a more theoretical level, it appears possible to identify subgroups of children among such a population based on associated diseases and neuropsychological patterns. This dimension would be useful for research into the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
C1 CHRU, Serv Univ Pedopsychiat, Tours, France.
CHRU, Ctr Ressources Autisme, Tours, France.
CHRU, Serv Univ Explorat Fonct & Neurophysiol Pedopsych, Unite INSERM 316, Tours, France.
RP Bodier, C (reprint author), Hop Bretonneau, Serv Univ Pedopsychiat, F-37044 Tours 1, France.
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NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MASSON EDITEUR
PI PARIS 06
PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE
SN 0755-4982
J9 PRESSE MED
JI Presse Med.
PD SEP 1
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 24
BP 1199
EP 1203
PN 1
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 472MY
UT WOS:000170989000003
PM 11577595
ER
PT J
AU Arnold, OR
Butoya, EL
AF Arnold, OR
Butoya, EL
TI Psychological effects of delphinine therapy
SO PSIKHOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL
LA Russian
DT Article
DE delphinine therapy; psychotherapy; Luscher Farbwahl Test
AB The delphinine therapy is a relatively new approach in alternative medicine and psychotherapy which is mostly effective in children suffered from cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism. The review of foreign researches on delphinine therapy is made and results of the authors work in the "Utrishsky dolphinarium" (Moscow) are presented.
C1 Inst Personal Dev, Moscow, Russia.
Small Enterprise Utrishsky Dolphinarium, Moscow, Russia.
RP Arnold, OR (reprint author), Inst Personal Dev, Moscow, Russia.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA
PI MOSCOW
PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA
SN 0205-9592
J9 PSIKHOL ZH
JI Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 5
BP 98
EP 102
PG 5
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 496KE
UT WOS:000172394100010
ER
PT J
AU Geller, JL
AF Geller, JL
TI Exiting Nirvana: A daughter's life with autism
SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA.
RP Geller, JL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA.
CR Park C.C., 2001, EXITING NIRVANA DAUG
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 1075-2730
J9 PSYCHIATR SERV
JI Psychiatr. Serv.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 52
IS 9
BP 1259
EP 1260
DI 10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1259
PG 2
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Psychiatry
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Psychiatry
GA 468XF
UT WOS:000170782900031
ER
PT J
AU Kauffmann, C
Vance, H
Pumariega, AJ
Miller, B
AF Kauffmann, C
Vance, H
Pumariega, AJ
Miller, B
TI Fluvoxamine treatment of a child with severe PDD: A single case study
SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISTIC DISORDER;
MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADULTS; SERTRALINE
AB Recent reports suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are useful in the treatment of individuals with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. We report on a single case study of the use of fluvoxamine with a 7-year-old Caucasian girl with severe pervasive developmental disorder. Our findings indicate that fluvoxamine was significantly effective in reducing stereotypical, repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and aggression and in improving prelinguistic and social behaviors. Our results indicate that the use of the SSRIs as a platform for the longterm habilitation of these children should be considered, but further studies are required to establish the efficiency of fluvoxamine for the treatment of children with autism.
C1 E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA.
E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Psychiat Res Lab, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA.
RP Vance, H (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, James H Quillen Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 107 Hillrise Hall,POB 70567, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Barlow D. H., 1984, SCI PRACTITIONER RES
BORDENS KS, 1991, RES DESIGN METHODS P
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NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0033-2747
J9 PSYCHIATRY
JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 64
IS 3
BP 268
EP 277
DI 10.1521/psyc.64.3.268.18456
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 489RW
UT WOS:000172006300013
PM 11708052
ER
PT J
AU Hogg, J
Cavet, J
Lambe, L
Smeddle, M
AF Hogg, J
Cavet, J
Lambe, L
Smeddle, M
TI The use of 'Snoezelen' as multisensory stimulation with people with
intellectual disabilities: a review of the research
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
AB The past 15 years have seen a marked increase in the use of Snoezelen with a wide range of groups including people with intellectual disabilities. Research has been undertaken with respect to a variety of behaviors, notably changes in affect, challenging behavior, relaxation and interactions with both other persons and objects. Typically studies have adopted an applied behavior analysis approach, with a small number employing physiological measures. Research designs vary markedly in their technical adequacy and the participants have a wide range of intellectual disability, age, and additional characteristics such as autism. Much of the literature reviewed demonstrates a wide range of positive outcomes when Snoezelen Vs non-Snoezelen environments are contrasted, though there is little evidence of generalisation even to the immediate post-Snoezelen environment. Several studies, however, do yield entirely negative outcomes. It is difficult to attribute these differing outcomes to either participant characteristics or contrasted designs, given the diversity of approaches to evaluation and the relatively small number of studies. The review also addresses the issue of staff and carer attitudes and the place of Snoezelen in facilitating positive interactions, incidental to any specific sensory effects. Attention is drawn to the need to improve research designs in studying Snoezelen and to developing a clearer theoretical basis for use of this approach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Dundee, White Top Res Unit, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
Staffordshire Univ, Inst Social Work & Appl Social Studies, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England.
RP Hogg, J (reprint author), Univ Dundee, White Top Res Unit, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
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NR 50
TC 30
Z9 30
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 5
BP 353
EP 372
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00077-4
PG 20
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 475GD
UT WOS:000171153200002
PM 11580163
ER
PT J
AU Luiselli, JK
Campbell, S
Cannon, B
DiPietro, E
Ellis, JT
Taras, M
Lifter, K
AF Luiselli, JK
Campbell, S
Cannon, B
DiPietro, E
Ellis, JT
Taras, M
Lifter, K
TI Assessment instruments used in the education and treatment of persons
with autism: brief report of a survey of national service centers
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
AB Although assessment is a critical component in the education and treatment of persons who have autism, there is insufficient information about the types of assessment instruments that are used routinely by practitioners. This brief report describes a survey of national service centers to determine their use of standardized instruments and the purposes of their assessment practices. Data from centers representing 30 states revealed that (a) the number of assessment instruments endorsed by centers increased as centers adopted a "multidisciplinary" approach to education and treatment, (b) the largest proportion of instruments fell within intellectual, motor, and language/communication domains, and (c) instruments were used most frequently for diagnostic and curriculum design purposes. Agreement among practitioners on the selection of instruments occurred most frequently in the domains of projective, adaptive behavior, and family assessment. The implications from these findings for assessment practices in autism are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 May Inst, Norwood, MA 02062 USA.
May Ctr Appl Res, Norwood, MA 02062 USA.
Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02116 USA.
RP Luiselli, JK (reprint author), May Inst, Norwood, MA 02062 USA.
CR ESTEBAN SE, 1998, UNPUB DIAGNOSTIC ASS
MARCUS LM, 1993, HDB CHILD ADOLESCENT, P346
Ollendick T. H., 1993, HDB CHILD ADOLESCENT, P3
RUTTER M, 1988, ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS, P408
NR 4
TC 9
Z9 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 5
BP 389
EP 398
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00079-8
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 475GD
UT WOS:000171153200004
PM 11580165
ER
PT J
AU Jahr, E
AF Jahr, E
TI Teaching children with autism to answer novel wh-questions by utilizing
a multiple exemplar strategy
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; MAINTENANCE; SKILLS
AB This study investigated the transfer and maintenance of question-answering skills in five children diagnosed with autism. A multiple baseline design across classes of questions (i.e., what, where, who and why) was applied for each child. Question-answer exemplars were selected within each class, and each class was trained separately in consecutive order. The dependent variable was the proportion of appropriate answers (i.e., complete sentences) to novel questions within each class, on first trial. The results showed that all children became able to answer novel questions with complete sentences within each of the classes that were trained, and they showed transfer of these skills across persons, settings and time. The findings support the use of analogous question-answer exemplars in order to facilitate response-transfer to novel questions. It is also suggested that this type of transfer is more likely to occur if the answers trained are in full sentence and there is a structural correspondence between the question and the answer in each single exemplar and across exemplars within a class of questions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All ri-hts reserved.
C1 Akershus Cent Hosp, Nordbyhagen, Norway.
RP Jahr, E (reprint author), Akershus Cent Hosp, Nordbyhagen, Norway.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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Wechsler D, 1974, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC
NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 5
BP 407
EP 423
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00081-6
PG 17
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 475GD
UT WOS:000171153200006
PM 11580167
ER
PT J
AU Zavala, M
Castejon, HV
Ortega, PA
Castejon, OJ
de Hidalgo, AM
Montiel, N
AF Zavala, M
Castejon, HV
Ortega, PA
Castejon, OJ
de Hidalgo, AM
Montiel, N
TI Imbalance of plasma amino acids inpatients with autism and subjects with
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
LA Spanish
DT Article
DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism; plasma amino acids
ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER;
LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPERKINETIC DISORDER; TRYPTOPHAN; OXIDATION;
REQUIREMENTS; TRANSPORT; LIVER; SERUM
AB Introduction. Plasma and brain amino acids are influenced by dietary intake. Alterations of plasma amino acid concentrations have been reported in neuropsychiatric disorders. Objective. To analyse the plasma amino acid values in subject diagnosed with autism, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and healthy subjects as controls. Patients and methods. Forty subjects affected by autism, 11 with ADHD and 41 healthy subjects (age range 3-18 years old) were included in this study. Peripheral venous blood was obtained in fasting condition, collected in EDTA tubes and centrifuged. Plasma was de-proteinised with sulfosalicylic acid. Amino acids were analysed by ion exchange liquid chromatography with an LKB amino acid analyser with sodium citrate elution system and ninhydrin reaction. Results were expressed as mu mol/L. Results and conclusions. In both disorders a diminution of phenylalanine and glutamine plasma concentrations was observed beside an increase of glycine. Lysine appeared increased only in autistic subjects. These alterations produce an imbalance with the rest of plasma amino acids competing at the brain-blood barrier by the same transport system thus causing alterations in the metabolism and/or transport of amino acids to the brain, altering CNS functions. The phenylalanine decreasing, beside glycine increasing appear to support the hypothesis of a disorder in the inhibitory neurotransmission system, especially in ADHD. The diminution of phenylalanine and the increasing of lysine in autism are suggestive that these two amino acids are metabolically related.
C1 Univ Zulia, Inst Invest Biol, Lab Psiquiatria Biol, Fac Med, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela.
Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Expt, Lab Metodos Inmunol, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela.
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NR 45
TC 5
Z9 6
PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
PI BARCELONA
PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0210-0010
J9 REV NEUROLOGIA
JI Rev. Neurologia
PD SEP 1
PY 2001
VL 33
IS 5
BP 401
EP 407
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 487WH
UT WOS:000171901700001
PM 11727202
ER
PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Editorial perspectives - Of people, curves, and autism
SO SCIENCE & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0036-8237
J9 SCI SOC
JI Sci. Soc.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 65
IS 3
BP 277
EP 278
PG 2
WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 476TL
UT WOS:000171244800001
ER
PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Editorial perspectives - Of people, curves, and autism
SO SCIENCE & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0036-8237
J9 SCI SOC
JI Sci. Soc.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 65
IS 3
BP 278
EP 281
PG 4
WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 476TL
UT WOS:000171244800002
ER
PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Editorial perspectives - Of people, curves, and autism
SO SCIENCE & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0036-8237
J9 SCI SOC
JI Sci. Soc.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 65
IS 3
BP 284
EP 285
PG 2
WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 476TL
UT WOS:000171244800003
ER
PT J
AU Mahoney, G
AF Mahoney, G
TI Autism spectrum disorders: A transactional developmental perspective
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Mendel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RP Mahoney, G (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Mendel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RI Mahoney, Gerald/A-6764-2008
CR BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P148
Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB
LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145
Rogers S. J., 1991, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V3, P137, DOI DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000043
Wetherby A. M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD FAL
PY 2001
VL 21
IS 3
BP 184
EP 187
DI 10.1177/027112140102100307
PG 4
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 478DL
UT WOS:000171327600007
ER
PT J
AU Christie, CDC
AF Christie, CDC
TI The facts behind the MMR vaccination autism hypotheses
SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
ID MUMPS
C1 Univ W Indies, Dept Child Hlth, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
RP Christie, CDC (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Child Hlth, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI KINGSTON
PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA
SN 0043-3144
J9 W INDIAN MED J
JI West Ind. Med. J.
PD SEP
PY 2001
VL 50
IS 3
BP 251
EP 253
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 500DG
UT WOS:000172610200023
ER
PT J
AU Grice, SJ
Spratling, MW
Karmiloff-Smith, A
Halit, H
Csibra, G
de Haan, M
Johnson, MH
AF Grice, SJ
Spratling, MW
Karmiloff-Smith, A
Halit, H
Csibra, G
de Haan, M
Johnson, MH
TI Disordered visual processing and oscillatory brain activity in autism
and Williams Syndrome
SO NEUROREPORT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; binding; EEG; ERP; face processing; gamma; visual perception;
Williams Syndrome
ID RESPONSES; FACES
AB Two developmental disorders, autism and Williams syndrome, are both commonly described as having difficulties in integrating perceptual features, i.e. binding spatially separate elements into a whole. It is already known that healthy adults and infants display electroencephalographic (EEG) gamma -band bursts (around 40 Hz) when the brain is required to achieve such binding. Here we explore gamma -band EEG in autism and Williams Syndrome and demonstrate differential abnormalities in the two phenotypes. We show that despite putative processing similarities at the cognitive level, binding in Williams syndrome and autism can be dissociated at the neurophysiological level by different abnormalities in underlying brain oscillatory activity. Our study is the first to identify that binding-related gamma EEG can be disordered in humans. NeuroReport 12:2697-2700 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England.
Inst Child Hlth, Neurocogn Dev Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
Inst Child Hlth, Dev Cognit Neurosci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
RP Johnson, MH (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England.
RI Spratling, Michael/G-7689-2011; Csibra, Gergely/C-4345-2008
OI Spratling, Michael/0000-0001-9531-2813; Csibra,
Gergely/0000-0002-7044-3056
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NR 17
TC 167
Z9 169
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-4965
J9 NEUROREPORT
JI Neuroreport
PD AUG 28
PY 2001
VL 12
IS 12
BP 2697
EP 2700
DI 10.1097/00001756-200108280-00021
PG 4
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 465QB
UT WOS:000170600500021
PM 11522950
ER
PT J
AU Gross, M
AF Gross, M
TI Balancing interests in autism study
SO CURRENT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Oxford Ctr Mol Sci, Oxford, England.
RP Gross, M (reprint author), Oxford Ctr Mol Sci, Oxford, England.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTES AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0960-9822
J9 CURR BIOL
JI Curr. Biol.
PD AUG 21
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 16
BP R630
EP R630
DI 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00375-X
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 466GE
UT WOS:000170636100002
PM 11525749
ER
PT J
AU Goffin, A
Hoefsloot, LH
Bosgoed, E
Swillen, A
Fryns, JP
AF Goffin, A
Hoefsloot, LH
Bosgoed, E
Swillen, A
Fryns, JP
TI PTEN mutation in a family with Cowden syndrome and autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE PTEN mutation; Cowden syndrome; autism; multiple hamartoma syndrome
ID RILEY-RUVALCABA-SYNDROME; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; DISEASE; DISORDERS; GENE;
DUPLICATION; PHENOTYPE; PATIENT; ENTITY
AB We report on a mother and son with Cowden syndrome and a PTEN mutation. The boy also exhibits autistic behavior and mental retardation, while his mother has a normal intelligence and social interaction pattern. We review the scanty literature data on the association of Cowden syndrome and autism and emphasize that the association of progressive macrocephaly and pervasive developmental disorder seems to be an indication for screening for PTEN mutations. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Fryns, JP (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Human Genet, Herestr 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
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NR 31
TC 91
Z9 93
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD AUG 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 6
BP 521
EP 524
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1477
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 459HG
UT WOS:000170244500007
PM 11496368
ER
PT J
AU Bradford, Y
Haines, J
Hutcheson, H
Gardiner, M
Braun, T
Sheffield, V
Cassavant, T
Huang, W
Wang, K
Vieland, V
Folstein, S
Santangelo, S
Piven, J
AF Bradford, Y
Haines, J
Hutcheson, H
Gardiner, M
Braun, T
Sheffield, V
Cassavant, T
Huang, W
Wang, K
Vieland, V
Folstein, S
Santangelo, S
Piven, J
TI Incorporating language phenotypes strengthens evidence of linkage to
autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; language; linkage analysis; parental phenotypes
ID SINGLE-LOCUS APPROXIMATIONS; FAMILY HISTORY; OLIGOGENIC TRAITS;
DISORDER; INDIVIDUALS; PARENTS; HETEROGENEITY; PERSONALITY; STRATEGIES;
15Q11-13
AB We investigated the effect of incorporating information about proband and parental structural language phenotypes into linkage analyses in the two regions for which we found the highest signals in our first-stage affected sibling pair genome screen: chromosomes 13q and 7q. We were particularly interested in following up on our chromosome 7q finding in light of two prior reports of linkage of this region to developmental language disorder, since one of the diagnostic criteria for autism is absent or abnormal language development. We hypothesized that if the language phenotype were genetically relevant to linkage at the chromosome 7q locus, then incorporating parents phenotypes would increase the signal at that locus, and most of the signal would originate from the subset of families in which both probands had severe language delay. The results support these hypotheses. The linkage signals we obtained on chromosome 7q as well as at least one signal on chromosome 13q are mainly attributable to the subgroup of families in which both probands had language delay. This became apparent only when the parents' history of language-related difficulties was also incorporated into the analyses. Although based on our data, we were not able to distinguish between epistasis or heterogeneity models, we tentatively concluded that there may be more than one autism susceptibility locus related to language development. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Biostat, Div Stat Genet, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Biostat & Psychiat, Div Stat Genet, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Folstein, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012
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NR 32
TC 156
Z9 159
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD AUG 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 6
BP 539
EP 547
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1497
PG 9
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 459HG
UT WOS:000170244500011
PM 11496372
ER
PT J
AU Gill, AR
AF Gill, AR
TI Interventions for autism
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Tacoma Family Med, Tacoma, WA USA.
RP Gill, AR (reprint author), Tacoma Family Med, Tacoma, WA USA.
CR *NY STAT DEP HLTH, 1999, PUBL NY STAT DEP HLT, V4215
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NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD AUG 8
PY 2001
VL 286
IS 6
BP 670
EP 671
DI 10.1001/jama.286.6.670
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 459VE
UT WOS:000170271500015
PM 11495610
ER
PT J
AU Rapin, I
AF Rapin, I
TI Interventions for autism - Reply
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
ID CHILDREN
C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Rapin, I (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
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TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD AUG 8
PY 2001
VL 286
IS 6
BP 671
EP 671
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 459VE
UT WOS:000170271500016
ER
PT J
AU Farrow, TFD
Zheng, Y
Wilkinson, ID
Spence, SA
Deakin, JFW
Tarrier, N
Griffiths, PD
Woodruff, PWR
AF Farrow, TFD
Zheng, Y
Wilkinson, ID
Spence, SA
Deakin, JFW
Tarrier, N
Griffiths, PD
Woodruff, PWR
TI Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness
SO NEUROREPORT
LA English
DT Article
DE empathy; forgiveness; functional magnetic resonance imaging; medial
prefrontal cortex; middle temporal gyrus
ID CINGULATE CORTEX; MIND; AUTISM; PSYCHOLOGY; ADULTS; BRAIN
AB Previous functional brain imaging studies suggest that the ability to infer the intentions and mental states of others (social cognition) is mediated by medial prefrontal cortex. Little is known about the anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. We used functional MRI to detect brain regions engaged by judging others' emotional states and the forgivability of their crimes. Ten volunteers read and made judgements based an social scenarios and a high level baseline task (social reasoning). Both empathic and forgivability judgements activated left superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus and precuneus. Empathic judgements also activated left anterior middle temporal and left inferior frontal gyri, while forgivability judgements activated posterior cingulate gyrus. Empathic and forgivability judgements activate specific regions of the human brain, which we propose contribute to social cohesion. NeuroReport 12:2433-2438 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ Sheffield, No Gen Hosp, Longley Ctr, Dept Psychiat,SCANLab, Sheffield S5 7JT, S Yorkshire, England.
Univ Sheffield, No Gen Hosp, Longley Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sheffield S5 7JT, S Yorkshire, England.
Univ Manchester, Neurosci & Psychiat Unit, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
Univ Manchester, Dept Clin Psychol, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Farrow, TFD (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, No Gen Hosp, Longley Ctr, Dept Psychiat,SCANLab, Norwood Grange Dr, Sheffield S5 7JT, S Yorkshire, England.
RI Spence, Sean/A-6218-2008; Farrow, Tom/B-5003-2009; Woodruff,
Peter/B-5998-2009
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NR 25
TC 160
Z9 163
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-4965
J9 NEUROREPORT
JI Neuroreport
PD AUG 8
PY 2001
VL 12
IS 11
BP 2433
EP 2438
DI 10.1097/00001756-200108080-00029
PG 6
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 457MP
UT WOS:000170141600030
PM 11496124
ER
PT J
AU MacIntyre, CR
McIntyre, PB
AF MacIntyre, CR
McIntyre, PB
TI MMR, autism and inflammatory bowel disease: responding to patient
concerns using an evidence-based framework
SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CROHNS-DISEASE; MEASLES
C1 Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
RP MacIntyre, CR (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
RI MacIntyre, Chandini Raina/D-4182-2011
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NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD
PI SYDNEY
PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA
SN 0025-729X
J9 MED J AUSTRALIA
JI Med. J. Aust.
PD AUG 6
PY 2001
VL 175
IS 3
BP 127
EP 128
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 483XR
UT WOS:000171661600004
PM 11548076
ER
PT J
AU McLellan, F
AF McLellan, F
TI IOM reviews evidence on thimerosal link to autism (vol 358, pg 214,
2001)
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Correction
CR McLellan F, 2001, LANCET, V358, P214, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05451-4
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD AUG 4
PY 2001
VL 358
IS 9279
BP 424
EP 424
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 459DE
UT WOS:000170235100057
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JJ
Nyholt, DR
Magnussen, P
Parano, E
Pavone, P
Geschwind, D
Lord, C
Iversen, P
Hoh, J
Ott, J
Gilliam, TC
AF Liu, JJ
Nyholt, DR
Magnussen, P
Parano, E
Pavone, P
Geschwind, D
Lord, C
Iversen, P
Hoh, J
Ott, J
Gilliam, TC
CA Autism Genetic Resource Exchange C
TI A genomewide screen for autism susceptibility loci
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SIB-PAIR LINKAGE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENETICALLY COMPLEX
TRAITS; AFFECTED RELATIVE PAIRS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; GENOMIC SCREEN;
CHROMOSOME; STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; MARKERS
AB We report the analysis of 335 microsatellite markers genotyped in 110 multiplex families with autism. All families include at least two "affected" siblings, at least one of whom has autism; the remaining affected sibs carry diagnoses of either Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder. Affected sib-pair analysis yielded multipoint maximum LOD scores (MLS) that reach the accepted threshold for suggestive linkage on chromosomes 5, X, and 19. Nominal evidence for linkage (point-wise) was obtained on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, and 20, and secondary loci were found on chromosomes 5 and 19. Analysis of families sharing alleles at the putative X chromosomal linked locus and one or more other putative linked loci produced an MLS of 3.56 for the DXS470-D19S174 marker combination. In an effort to increase power to detect linkage, scan statistics were used to evaluate the significance of peak LOD scores based on statistical evidence at adjacent marker loci. This analysis yielded impressive evidence for linkage to autism and autism-spectrum disorders with significant genome-wide P values <.05 for markers on chromosomes 5 and 8 and with suggestive linkage evidence for a marker on chromosome 19.
C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA.
Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA.
Columbia Univ, Dept Genet & Dev, New York, NY 10032 USA.
Rockefeller Univ, Lab Stat Genet, New York, NY 10021 USA.
Univ Catania, Dept Pediat, I-95124 Catania, Italy.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Cure Autism Now Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Gilliam, TC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Genome Ctr, 1150 St Nicholas Ave,Room 508, New York, NY 10032 USA.
RI Nyholt, Dale/C-8384-2013
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NR 55
TC 225
Z9 233
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 69
IS 2
BP 327
EP 340
DI 10.1086/321980
PG 14
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 456XN
UT WOS:000170108200008
PM 11452361
ER
PT J
AU Geschwind, DH
Sowinski, J
Lord, C
Iversen, P
Shestack, J
Jones, P
Ducat, L
Spence, SJ
AF Geschwind, DH
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Lord, C
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Shestack, J
Jones, P
Ducat, L
Spence, SJ
CA AGRE Steering Comm
TI The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange: A resource for the study of autism
and related neuropsychiatric conditions
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; GENOMIC SCREEN
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Program Neurogenet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Cure Autism Now Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Human Biol Data Interchange, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Geschwind, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Program Neurogenet, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
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NR 15
TC 181
Z9 182
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 69
IS 2
BP 463
EP 466
DI 10.1086/321292
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 456XN
UT WOS:000170108200023
PM 11452364
ER
PT J
AU Buxbaum
AF Buxbaum
TI Evidence for a susceptibility gene for autism on chromosome 2 and for
genetic heterogeneity (vol 68, pg 1514, 2001)
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Correction
CR BUXBAUM, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V68, P1514
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 69
IS 2
BP 470
EP 470
PG 1
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 456XN
UT WOS:000170108200024
ER
PT J
AU Pearce, CB
Martin, H
Duncan, HD
Goggin, PM
Poller, DN
AF Pearce, CB
Martin, H
Duncan, HD
Goggin, PM
Poller, DN
TI Colonic lymphoid hyperplasia in melanosis coli
SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RETT-SYNDROME
AB We describe the case of a patient with Rett syndrome, a syndrome characterized by progressive infant encephalopathy, developmental delay, dementia, autism, ataxia, microcephaly, spastic paraparesis, and autonomic neuropathy with constipation. At colonoscopy, multiple foci of tiny white, sessile, polypoid lesions were seen throughout the colon and rectum, mimicking the appearances of small hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps, associated with generalized melanosis coli. This is the first case to our knowledge describing melanosis coli in a patient with Rett syndrome. As melanosis pigment deposition is characteristically not seen in lymphoid tissue, the lymphoid tissue was identifiable at endoscopy as multiple white nodules mimicking generalized colonic polyposis throughout the colon. We discuss the likely mechanisms of lymphoid hyperplasia and coexistent melanosis coli in Rett syndrome.
C1 Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, Hants, England.
RP Poller, DN (reprint author), Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, Hants, England.
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NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS
PI NORTHFIELD
PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA
SN 0003-9985
J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED
JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 125
IS 8
BP 1110
EP 1112
PG 3
WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental;
Pathology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine;
Pathology
GA 461GY
UT WOS:000170357600026
PM 11473472
ER
PT J
AU Rutter, ML
Kreppner, JM
O'Connor, TG
AF Rutter, ML
Kreppner, JM
O'Connor, TG
CA English Romanian Adoptees study te
TI Specificity and heterogeneity in children's responses to profound
institutional privation
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ROMANIAN ORPHANAGES; ATTACHMENT;
DEPRIVATION; DISORDERS; PARENTS; DEFICIT; IMPACT; ABUSE
C1 Kings Coll London, SGDP Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Rutter, ML (reprint author), Kings Coll London, SGDP Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM j.wickham@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013
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NR 30
TC 160
Z9 167
PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG,
ENGLAND
SN 0007-1250
J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT
JI Br. J. Psychiatry
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 179
BP 97
EP 103
DI 10.1192/bjp.179.2.97
PG 7
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 463AB
UT WOS:000170453700003
PM 11483469
ER
PT J
AU Vercellino, F
Zanotto, E
Ravera, G
Veneselli, E
AF Vercellino, F
Zanotto, E
Ravera, G
Veneselli, E
TI Open-label risperidone treatment of 6 children and adolescents with
autism
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE
LA English
DT Letter
ID SCALE
RI Veneselli, Edvige/C-9890-2012
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NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC
PI OTTAWA
PA 260-441 MACLAREN ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2H 2P3, CANADA
SN 0706-7437
J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT
JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 46
IS 6
BP 559
EP 560
PG 2
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 463ZB
UT WOS:000170506200014
PM 11526814
ER
PT J
AU Curran, AL
Sharples, PM
White, C
Knapp, M
AF Curran, AL
Sharples, PM
White, C
Knapp, M
TI Time costs of caring for children with severe disabilities compared with
caring for children without disabilities
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARE-LOAD; MOTHERS; ADULTS; IMPACT
AB To assess time costs of caring for children with severe disabilities in the community compared to caring for children without disabilities, a diary- and questionnaire-based study was carried out. Sixteen complete data sets were obtained from families with children who have disabilities (mean age 8.7 years) and 31 complete data sets from families with normally developing children (mean age 4.9 years). Diagnoses in the study group included cerebral palsy, autism, Sanfillipo syndrome, lissencephaly, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Items of personal care per waking hour were significantly greater in children with disabilities than non-disabled children (p <0.001). In the study group, there was no correlation (r=-0.12) between age and frequency of care whereas a significant correlation was observed between degree of disability as measured by the Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM) and frequency of care items (r=0.89). Twelve of the 16 mothers in the study group were not in paid employment. Twelve had little or no extended family support. Benefits awarded did not correlate with the degree of disability as measured by the WeeFIM (r=-0.11). Care needs of children with severe disabilities are significantly greater than those of non-disabled children and do not decrease with advancing age. Mothers of children with disabilities are unable to work outside the home because of these care needs. This brings the family income, even when benefits are included, to a level that is less than peer families with non-disabled children. A Functional Disability Score may help to achieve more appropriate allocation of state resources.
C1 Univ Bristol, Inst Child Hlth, Paediat Neurosci Unit, Bristol BS2 8BJ, Avon, England.
Singleton Hosp, Dept Paediat, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales.
Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London WC2A 2AE, England.
RP Curran, AL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Inst Child Hlth, Paediat Neurosci Unit, St Michaels Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, Avon, England.
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NR 20
TC 47
Z9 48
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 8
BP 529
EP 533
DI 10.1017/S0012162201000962
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 463RA
UT WOS:000170490000004
PM 11508918
ER
PT J
AU Hook, DJ
Palfreyman, MG
AF Hook, DJ
Palfreyman, MG
TI The influence of genetics on psychiatric disease
SO DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
LA English
DT Review
ID AUTISM SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; CHROMOSOME 22Q12-Q13.1; POTENTIAL LINKAGE;
SCHIZOPHRENIA; TWIN; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS; HISTORY
AB The balance of evidence from numerous studies on psychiatric diseases and disorders suggests that for (at the least) schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and unipolar depression, a significant component of these disorders can be linked to a genetic component. This article will give a broad overview of the influence of genetics on psychiatric disease, and attempt to bring in recent molecular approaches to the understanding of the effects of genetic and environmental influences on these disorders.
C1 Psychiat Genom, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Hook, DJ (reprint author), Psychiat Genom, 19 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
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VEHMANEN L, 1995, J PSYCHIAT FENNICA, V26, P107
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NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6446
J9 DRUG DISCOV TODAY
JI Drug Discov. Today
PD AUG 1
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 15
SU S
BP S86
EP S90
PG 5
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 462LR
UT WOS:000170422000006
ER
PT J
AU Boddaert, N
Belin, P
Chabanne, N
Mouren-Simeoni, MC
Barthelemy, C
Ribeiro, MJ
Samson, Y
Zilbovicius, M
AF Boddaert, N
Belin, P
Chabanne, N
Mouren-Simeoni, MC
Barthelemy, C
Ribeiro, MJ
Samson, Y
Zilbovicius, M
TI Temporal lobe dysfunction in autism: A PET auditory activation study
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, DSV, F-91406 Orsay, France.
Hop Robert Debre, F-75019 Paris, France.
CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, F-37044 Tours, France.
Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0340-6997
J9 EUR J NUCL MED
JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 28
IS 8
SU S
MA OS285
BP 1035
EP 1035
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 464HZ
UT WOS:000170528300285
ER
PT J
AU Torres, AR
Maciulis, A
Odell, D
AF Torres, AR
Maciulis, A
Odell, D
TI The association of MHC genes with autism
SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; HLA; complement; TNF; review
ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; SYSTEMIC
LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; C4B GENES; CLASS-II; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES;
FACTOR MICROSATELLITES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INCREASED FREQUENCY;
FACTOR TNF
AB Several immune abnormalities have been noted in autistic subjects. These associations have been extended to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a section of DNA remarkable for the number of encoded proteins with immunological functions. The strongest MHC association identified thus far is for the null allele of C4B in the class III region. The complex allelic composition of C4 as determined by immunoelectrophoresis is discussed. Low levels of C4 resulting from the null allele may be important in disease pathogenesis especially since C4 has been identified in developing brain neurons. The DNA region just telomeric to C4 has several genes including tumor necrosis factor which encode proteins with immunological functions. These proteins may act in concert with C4 in disease contribution and the genes should be more closely examined.
C1 Utah State Univ, CPD, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Torres, AR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, CPD, 6895 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
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NR 60
TC 31
Z9 31
PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
PI MANHASSET
PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY
DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA
SN 1093-9946
J9 FRONT BIOSCI
JI Front. Biosci.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 6
BP D936
EP D943
DI 10.2741/Torres
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 460PU
UT WOS:000170318400011
PM 11487481
ER
PT J
AU Loveland, KA
Pearson, DA
Tunali-Kotoski, B
Ortegon, J
Gibbs, MC
AF Loveland, KA
Pearson, DA
Tunali-Kotoski, B
Ortegon, J
Gibbs, MC
TI Judgments of social appropriateness by children and adolescents with
autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; social appropriateness
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EMOTION-RECOGNITION; FACIAL
EXPRESSION; DOWN-SYNDROME; MIND; COMPREHENSION; BEHAVIOR;
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; INDIVIDUALS
AB Children and adolescents with autism (autism group, n = 19) and those without autism (Nonautism group, n = 19) of similar age and IQ were asked to make judgments of the social appropriateness of 24 videotaped, staged scenes with adult actors. Each scene depicted an appropriate or an inappropriate interaction. Half contained verbalizations, and half did not. After each scene, the participant was asked: (1) Was that o.k. or was something wrong with it? If the participant judged the scene was wrong, she or he was asked: (2) What was wrong with it?; and (3) Why was that wrong? Both groups correctly identified inappropriate behaviors most of the time, and correct behaviors almost all of the time. However, the Nonautism group detected inappropriate behaviors significantly more often than the Autism group, for verbal but not nonverbal scenes. It was also significantly easier for both groups to identify inappropriate behaviors in the nonverbal than in the verbal scenes. Ratings of the explanations given for Question 3 differed significantly between the groups for verbal but not for nonverbal scenes, with Nonautism participants more likely to give explanations involving social norms and principles, and the Autism group more likely to give explanations that were irrelevant or idiosyncratic.
C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Ctr Human Dev Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Loveland, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Ctr Human Dev Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 1300 Moursund, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
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NR 45
TC 31
Z9 31
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 367
EP 376
DI 10.1023/A:1010608518060
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800002
PM 11569583
ER
PT J
AU Bernard-Opitz, V
Sriram, N
Nakhoda-Sapuan, S
AF Bernard-Opitz, V
Sriram, N
Nakhoda-Sapuan, S
TI Enhancing social problem solving in children with autism and normal
children through computer-assisted instruction
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; social problem solving; computer-assisted instruction
ID SKILLS; MIND
AB Children with autism have difficulty in solving social problems and in generating multiple solutions to problems. They are, however, relatively skilled in responding to visual cues such as pictures and animations. Eight distinct social problems were presented on a computer, along with a choice of possible solutions, and an option to produce alternative solutions. Eight preschool children with autism and eight matched normal children went through 10 training sessions interleaved with 6 probe sessions. Children were asked to provide solutions to animated problem scenes in all the sessions. Unlike the probe sessions, in the training sessions problem solutions were first explained thoroughly by the trainer. Subsequently these explanations were illustrated using dynamic animations of the solutions. Although children with autism produced significantly fewer alternative solutions compared to their normal peers, a steady increase across probe sessions was observed for the autistic group. The frequency of new ideas was directly predicted by the diagnostic category of autism. Results suggest young children with autism and their normal peers can be taught problem-solving strategies with the aid of computer interfaces. More research is required to establish whether such computer-assisted instruction will generalize to nontrained problem situations in real-life contexts.
C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Social Work & Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
RP Bernard-Opitz, V (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Social Work & Psychol, 11 Law Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
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WING L, 1990, AUTISM PROFESSIONAL, pCH1
NR 24
TC 71
Z9 71
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 377
EP 384
DI 10.1023/A:1010660502130
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800003
PM 11569584
ER
PT J
AU Keen, D
Sigafoos, J
Woodyatt, G
AF Keen, D
Sigafoos, J
Woodyatt, G
TI Replacing prelinguistic behaviors with functional communication
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE prelinguistic behaviors; functional communication training; autism
ID SEVERE DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; SETTINGS
AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of a teacher-implemented intervention package designed to replace prelinguistic behaviors with functional communication. Four young children with autism participated in a multiple-probe design across three communicative functions. Initially, three existing communication functions were selected for each child. Next, the existing prelinguistic behaviors that the children used to achieve these functions were identified. Replacement forms that were considered more recognizable and symbolic were defined to achieve these same functions. After a baseline phase, teachers received inservice training, consultation, and feedback on how to encourage, acknowledge, and respond to the replacement forms. During intervention, the replacement forms increased and prelinguistic behaviors decreased in most cases. The results suggested that the teacher-implemented intervention was effective in replacing prelinguistic behaviors with alternative forms of functional communication.
C1 Univ Queensland, Grad Sch Educ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Caroline Chisholm Ctr, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Univ Sydney, Fac Educ, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
CHERI, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Univ Queensland, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
RP Sigafoos, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, George I Sanchez Bldg, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RI Keen, Deb/B-8998-2008
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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Sailor W., 1975, TOPEKA ASS RETARDED
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Windmiller M., 1981, AAMD ADAPTIVE BEHAV
NR 30
TC 35
Z9 36
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 385
EP 398
DI 10.1023/A:1010612618969
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800004
PM 11569585
ER
PT J
AU Kaminsky, L
Dewey, D
AF Kaminsky, L
Dewey, D
TI Siblings relationships of children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-Development
CY APR 15-18, 1999
CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO
SP Soc Res Child Dev
DE autism; sibling relationships; Down syndrome
ID CHILDHOOD; PERCEPTIONS; LINKS
AB This study investigated sibling relationships of children with autism compared to children with Down syndrome and siblings of normally developing children. Ninety siblings (30 per group) between the ages of 8 and 18 participated in this study. Results indicated that sibling relationships in families of children with autism were characterized by less intimacy, prosocial behavior, and nurturance than those of the two comparison groups. Both siblings of children with autism and siblings of children with Down syndrome reported greater admiration of their sibling and less quarreling and competition in their relationships relative to normally developing comparison children.
C1 Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Behav Res Unit, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.
Univ Calgary, Dept Psychol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Univ Calgary, Dept Paediat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
RP Dewey, D (reprint author), Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Behav Res Unit, 1820 Richmond Rd SW, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.
CR ABRAMOVITCH R, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00675.x
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NR 18
TC 60
Z9 61
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 399
EP 410
DI 10.1023/A:1010664603039
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800005
PM 11569586
ER
PT J
AU Beglinger, LJ
Smith, TH
AF Beglinger, LJ
Smith, TH
TI A review of subtyping in autism and proposed dimensional classification
model
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; subtyping; symptom heterogeneity
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; MEDICAL CONDITIONS;
SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; SUBGROUPS; SUBCLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION;
QUESTIONNAIRE; ABNORMALITIES
AB Autism has been divided into subtypes based on social interaction/communication, developmental level, or both. The validity of subtyping systems and the extent to which they overlap were examined. According to this review, a single subtyping system capable of accounting for the symptom heterogeneity in autism has not yet been proposed; however, evidence supports the presence of a three-factor continuum containing at least four subgroups. Foremost among directions for future research is the need for comprehensive studies in which medical screening, careful selection of measures, and longitudinal data collection are included.
C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Beglinger, LJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Riley Hosp,Sch Med, Sect Neuropsychol, Dept Neurol, 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
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NR 57
TC 59
Z9 59
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 411
EP 422
DI 10.1023/A:1010616719877
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800006
PM 11569587
ER
PT J
AU Goldstein, G
Johnson, CR
Minshew, NJ
AF Goldstein, G
Johnson, CR
Minshew, NJ
TI Attentional processes in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; attentional processes
ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; DEFICITS;
INDIVIDUALS
AB Attentional processes in individuals with high-functioning autism were compared with a matched control group. Participants for the study were 103 children and adults with autism and 103 control subjects. Measures administered corresponded to Mirsky et al.'s (1991) factor analysis of tests of attention. Diminished performance was noted on measures that loaded on the Focus-Execute and Shift factors, but not on the Sustain and Encode factors. For tests in which psychomotor speed was used as the score, and the difference between groups was significant, covariance analyses were performed, using tests of basic motor functions as covariates. This procedure led to attenuation to the point of nonsignificant differences in the case of some of the attention tests. Thus, this comprehensive analysis of attention in individuals with high-functioning autism only found differences on measures in which the task placed demands on cognitive flexibility or psychomotor speed. Thus, purported attention deficits in autism may actually be primary deficits in complex decision making or psychomotor abilities.
C1 Vet Adm Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA.
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Vet Adm Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, 7180 Highland Dr 151R, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA.
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NR 53
TC 69
Z9 69
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 4
BP 433
EP 440
DI 10.1023/A:1010620820786
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470QZ
UT WOS:000170883800008
PM 11569589
ER
PT J
AU Remington, G
Sloman, L
Konstantareas, M
Parker, K
Gow, R
AF Remington, G
Sloman, L
Konstantareas, M
Parker, K
Gow, R
TI Clomipramine versus haloperidol in the treatment of autistic disorder: A
double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER;
RATING-SCALE; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADULTS; CHILDREN;
DESIPRAMINE
AB Clomipramine, haloperidol, and placebo were compared with baseline in the treatment of autism, and overall outcome, specific symptoms, and side effects were examined. It was hypothesized that clomipramine would be better tolerated than haloperidol and prove superior on a measure of stereotypy. Individuals with a DSM-TV diagnosis of autistic disorder (mean age, 16.3 years; range, 10-36 years) were randomly assigned, by using a Latin square design, to the following 7-week trials: placebo, clomipramine (mean daily dose, 128.4 mg; range, 100-150 mg), or haloperidol (mean daily dose, 1.3 mg; range, 1-1.5 mg). Data on 36 subjects were analyzed and taken together; the results favored haloperidol. In those patients who were able to complete a full therapeutic trial, clomipramine proved comparable to haloperidol in terms of improvement compared with baseline. However, significantly fewer individuals receiving clomipramine versus haloperidol were able to complete the trial(37.5% vs. 69.7%,respectively) for reasons related to both side effects and efficacy or behavior problems. In the intent-to-treat sample, which is perhaps more clinically relevant, only haloperidol proved superior to baseline on a global measure of autistic symptom severity, as well as specific measures for irritability and hyperactivity. Clomipramine did not seem more effective on a measure of stereotypy, nor was it better tolerated.
C1 Univ Toronto, Clarke Div, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Remington, G (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Clarke Div, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485
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ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843
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BRASIC JR, 1994, NEUROLOGY, V44, P1309
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NR 23
TC 58
Z9 58
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0271-0749
J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM
JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 21
IS 4
BP 440
EP 444
DI 10.1097/00004714-200108000-00012
PG 5
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 454QF
UT WOS:000169982700012
PM 11476129
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, M
Murphy, T
AF Nguyen, M
Murphy, T
TI Mirtazapine for excessive masturbation in an adolescent with autism
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ Florida, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gainesville, FL USA.
RP Nguyen, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gainesville, FL USA.
RI Murphy, Tanya/J-7079-2013
CR BRASIC JR, 1998, CNS SPECTRUMS, V3, P39
Coleman E., 1990, AM J PREVENTATIVE PS, V2, P9
Kehoe WA, 1996, FORMULARY, V31, P455
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NR 5
TC 8
Z9 8
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 8
BP 868
EP 869
DI 10.1097/00004583-200108000-00004
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 454RP
UT WOS:000169985800005
PM 11501682
ER
PT J
AU Malone, RP
Cater, J
Sheikh, RM
Choudhury, MS
Delaney, MA
AF Malone, RP
Cater, J
Sheikh, RM
Choudhury, MS
Delaney, MA
TI Olanzapine versus haloperidol in children with autistic disorder: An
open pilot study
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; neuroleptic drug treatment
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LONG-TERM;
RISPERIDONE; TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS
AB Objectives: Conventional neuroleptics ameliorate symptoms in children with autistic disorder; however, they are known to cause dyskinesias. Atypical neuroleptics, including olanzapine, may have less risk for dyskinesia, but their efficacy in autistic disorder is not established. This study was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of open-label olanzapine as a treatment for children with autistic disorder by using haloperidol as a standard comparator treatment. Method: In a parallel groups design, 12 children with DSM-I autistic disorder (mean age 7.8 +/- 2.1 years) were randomized to 6 weeks of open treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol. Mean final dosages were 7.9 +/- 2.5 mg/day for olanzapine and 1.4 +/- 0.7 mg/day for haloperidol. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS). Results: Both groups had symptom reduction. Five of six in the olanzapine group and three of six in the haloperidol group were rated as responders according to the CGI Improvement item. Subjects showed improvement on the CPRS Autism Factor (F-1,F-9 = 24.4, p = .0008). Side effects included drowsiness and weight gain. Conclusions: The findings suggest that olanzapine is a promising treatment for children with autistic disorder. Further placebo-controlled and long-term studies of olanzapine in autistic disorder are required.
C1 Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Eastern Penn Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA.
Biomet Stat Consulting, Wynnewood, PA USA.
Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
RP Malone, RP (reprint author), Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Eastern Penn Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, 3200 Henry Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 55
TC 82
Z9 85
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 8
BP 887
EP 894
DI 10.1097/00004583-200108000-00009
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 454RP
UT WOS:000169985800010
PM 11501687
ER
PT J
AU Brudnak, MA
AF Brudnak, MA
TI Application of genomeceuticals to the molecular and immunological
aspects of autism
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE-IV; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; CLONING; GLUCAN;
ENZYME; CELLS
AB Autism is a developmental disease affecting as many as 1 in 300 children and is often characterized as a mental disorder originating in infancy that is associated with self-absorption, inability to interact socially, behavior, and language dysfunction (e.g. echolalia). Current theories indicate an important role of diet in the development of disease. It is thought that, as a result of maldigestion of casein and gluten, opioid-type peptides, or exorphins, are produced. Additionally, because of the time-frame of development of the disease, there has been an association with childhood vaccination. Consequently, prevailing therapies attempt to address these causes in one, or a combination, of three ways: diet restriction (removing casein and gluten); supplementation with exogenous enzymes; and probiotic bacteria. Until recently, none of the therapies addressed the molecular mechanisms that may be at work in the development and progression of autism. This paper presents potential molecular and cellular mechanism related to autism as well as discusses their application to the treatment of the disease through the application of genomeceuticals. Additionally, a link between developmentally associated aberrant immune and inflammatory responses, and autism is suggested and explored. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 MAK Wood Inc, Thiensville, WI USA.
RP Brudnak, MA (reprint author), MAK Wood Inc, 1235 Dakota Dr, Grayton, WI 53024 USA.
CR Adams DS, 2000, J CELL BIOCHEM, V77, P221, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000501)77:2<221::AID-JCB6>3.0.CO;2-V
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NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 57
IS 2
BP 186
EP 191
DI 10.1054/mehy.2001.1331
PG 6
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 456UJ
UT WOS:000170100400013
PM 11461171
ER
PT J
AU Fuentes, J
Gallano, I
AF Fuentes, J
Gallano, I
TI Medical treatment of pervasive developmental disorders
SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
LA Spanish
DT Article
DE autism; child neurology; early identification; genetic counselling;
pervasive developmental disorders; psychopharmacological treatment
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTISM
AB Objective. Pervasive developmental disorders, exemplified by autism, constitute clinical entities which require the attention of child neurologists. Development. The increasing frequency with which these disorders are diagnosed supports the need to review and bring up to date the available data, so as to achieve good practice. Conclusions. There are many studies and initiatives to orient the child neurologist as to the steps to be taken regarding aspects such as early identification, association with known syndromes, genetic counselling and medical advice in general, neuroimaging techniques, treatment of possible associated epilepsy and use of psychotropic drugs. All these elements have to be incorporated into an overall individualized program which, at the present time, has to be basically educational and rehabilitation, so as to attain maximum self-sufficiency and social participation.
C1 Policlin Gipozkoa, Serv Psiquiatria Infanto Juvenil, E-20011 San Sebastian, Spain.
GAUTENA, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
Arnold LE, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P99, DOI 10.1023/A:1005451304303
BARTHELEMY C, 2000, DESCRIPTION AUTISM
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FUENTES J, 2001, PHARMAUTISME SISTEMA
Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB
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Tuchman R, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P485, DOI 10.1023/A:1005572128200
Volkmar Fred, 1999, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, V38, p32S
WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
PI BARCELONA
PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0210-0010
J9 REV NEUROLOGIA
JI Rev. Neurologia
PD AUG 1
PY 2001
VL 33
IS 3
BP 208
EP 210
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 480QN
UT WOS:000171473600002
PM 11588711
ER
PT J
AU Tuchman, RF
AF Tuchman, RF
TI How to construct a social brain: Lessons from autism
SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; children; social communication
ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SEROTONIN
SYNTHESIS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; DYSPHASIC CHILDREN; CEREBELLAR VERMIS;
SPECTRUM DISORDER
AB Autism is the prototype disorder of social and cognitive development and provides an important opportunity to observe and delineate the regions of the brain that are responsible for the behaviors that define our social relationships. Our present understanding of autism suggests that deficits in social communication can be identified by the assessment of joint attention, affective reciprocity, and theory of mind. Present evidence suggests that deficits in social communication in children with autism may be related to dysfunction in the amygadala, hippocampus and related limbic and cortical structures. Other neuroanatomic structures such as the cerebellum may also form part of this distributed neuronal social network. At a neurochemical level the principal neurotransmitter implicated in autism is serotonin suggesting that this neurotransmitter may play a crucial role in the social brain network. An understanding of the neuronal networks responsible for social behavior will allow for rational implementation of social communication interventions which will have benefits not only for children with autism and related disorders but to our whole society.
C1 Dan Marino Ctr, Weston, FL 33331 USA.
Miami Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL USA.
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NR 105
TC 1
Z9 1
PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
PI BARCELONA
PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0210-0010
J9 REV NEUROLOGIA
JI Rev. Neurologia
PD AUG 1
PY 2001
VL 33
IS 3
BP 292
EP 299
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 480QN
UT WOS:000171473600012
ER
PT J
AU Jones, S
AF Jones, S
TI Autism in history: The case of Hugh Blair of Borgue
SO SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Norfolk Mental Hlth Care NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
RP Jones, S (reprint author), Norfolk Mental Hlth Care NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
CR Houston Rab, 2000, AUTISM HIST CASE HUG
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0951-631X
J9 SOC HIST MED
JI Soc. Hist. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 2
BP 362
EP 363
PG 2
WC History & Philosophy Of Science
SC History & Philosophy of Science
GA 467GR
UT WOS:000170694500018
ER
PT J
AU McMahon, CL
Braddock, SR
AF McMahon, CL
Braddock, SR
TI Septo-optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SPINA-BIFIDA; INFANTS; NERVES; AUTISM
AB Background: The use of valproic acid during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including major and minor congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hyperbilirubinemia, hepatotoxicity, transient hyperglycemia, and fetal and neonatal distress. In addition, intrauterine exposure to valproic acid has been associated with an increased risk of central nervous system abnormalities, primarily neural tube defects. Optic nerve hypoplasia has been reported in association with other prenatal anticonvulsant exposures, but the occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia as a manifestation of valproic acid embryopathy has not been reported previously.
Results: We report on a woman who received Depakote (valproic acid) throughout her pregnancy for the treatment of a seizure disorder. The patient presented with features typical of valproic acid embryopathy, including bitemporal narrowing, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, microphthalmia, a flat broad nasal bridge, small mouth, hypoplastic nails, mild clinodactyly, and camptoclactyly. MRI showed hypoplasia of the optic chiasm and absence of the septum pellucidum.
Conclusions: We report the first case of septo-optic dysplasia associated with maternal exposure to valproic acid throughout pregnancy. This case expands the clinical phenotype of valproate embryopathy. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Missouri, Div Med Genet, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA.
Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sect Reprod Genet, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
RP Braddock, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Med Genet, Dept Child Hlth, 1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA.
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NR 21
TC 20
Z9 21
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 64
IS 2
BP 83
EP 86
DI 10.1002/tera.1049
PG 4
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 458HX
UT WOS:000170189900002
PM 11460259
ER
PT J
AU Bolte, S
Poustka, F
AF Bolte, S
Poustka, F
TI The factor structure of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R):
A study on the dimensional versus the categorical classification of
autistic disorders
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE
LA German
DT Article
DE autism; diagnostics; dimensional; categorical; factor analysis
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; BEHAVIOR;
QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDITY; SPECTRUM; SAMPLE
AB Objectives: This study investigated whether empirically derived dimensions of autistic behavior are consistent with the content-valid construction of the autistic behavior domains according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV (social interaction, communication and repetitive, stereotyped behavior).
Methods: A principal component exploratory factor analysis routine with varimax-rotation and extraction of factors following the Scree criterion was run using data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) of N = 262 individuals exhibiting autism or autistic features.
Results: A three-factor solution consisting of two socio-communicative and one language dimension and accounting for 46.1% of the total variance was found to best describe the data. These factors yielded only vague correspondence with the idea of behavior domains described in ICD-10 and DSM-IV. In addition, factor loadings of items representing repetitive, stereotyped patterns were generally weak.
Conclusions: The factor-analytic approach to autism indicates a conception of the disorder divergent from that defined in the contemporary psychiatric classification systems, especially regarding the area of repetitive, stereotyped behavior.
C1 Klinikum JWG Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Klinikum JWG Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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NR 32
TC 23
Z9 23
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 1422-4917
J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH
JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 29
IS 3
BP 221
EP 229
DI 10.1024//1422-4917.29.3.221
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 464MD
UT WOS:000170535600006
PM 11524898
ER
PT J
AU Warnke, A
AF Warnke, A
TI Understanding, explaining and treating autism - A reader
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE
LA German
DT Book Review
CR LELORD G, 2000, AUTISMUS SPUR VERSTE
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 1422-4917
J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH
JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother.
PD AUG
PY 2001
VL 29
IS 3
BP 247
EP 248
DI 10.1024//1422-4917.29.3.247
PG 2
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 464MD
UT WOS:000170535600014
ER
PT J
AU Courchesne, E
Karns, CM
Davis, HR
Ziccardi, R
Carper, RA
Tigue, ZD
Chisum, HJ
Moses, P
Pierce, K
Lord, C
Lincoln, AJ
Pizzo, S
Schreibman, L
Haas, RH
Akshoomoff, NA
Courchesne, RY
AF Courchesne, E
Karns, CM
Davis, HR
Ziccardi, R
Carper, RA
Tigue, ZD
Chisum, HJ
Moses, P
Pierce, K
Lord, C
Lincoln, AJ
Pizzo, S
Schreibman, L
Haas, RH
Akshoomoff, NA
Courchesne, RY
TI Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic
disorder - An MRI study
SO NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; FRONTAL-LOBE; NEURAL BASIS; CEREBELLAR; CHILDREN;
ABNORMALITY; HYPOPLASIA
AB Objective: To quantify developmental abnormalities in cerebral and cerebellar volume in autism. Methods: The authors studied 60 autistic and 52 normal boys (age, 2 to 16 years) using MRI. Thirty autistic boys were diagnosed and scanned when 5 years or older. The other 30 were scanned when 2 through 4 years of age and then diagnosed with autism at least 2.5 years later, at an age when the diagnosis of autism is more reliable. Results: Neonatal head circumferences from clinical records were available for 14 of 15 autistic 2- to 5-year-olds and, on average, were normal (35.1 +/- 1.3 cm versus clinical norms: 34.6 +/- 1.6 cm), indicative of normal overall brain volume at birth; one measure was above the 95th percentile. By ages 2 to 4 years, 90% of autistic boys had a brain volume larger than normal average, and 37% met criteria for developmental macrencephaly. Autistic 2- to 3-year-olds had more cerebral (18%) and cerebellar (39%) white matter, and more cerebral cortical gray matter (12%) than normal, whereas older autistic children and adolescents did not have such enlarged gray and white matter volumes. In the cerebellum, autistic boys had less gray matter, smaller ratio of gray to white matter, and smaller vermis lobules VI-VII than normal controls. Conclusions: Abnormal regulation of brain growth in autism results in early overgrowth followed by abnormally slowed growth. Hyperplasia was present in cerebral gray matter and cerebral and cerebellar white matter in early life in patients with autism.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Lab Res Neurosci Autism, San Diego, CA USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Calif Sch Profess Psychol, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
RP Courchesne, RY (reprint author), Lab Res Neurosci Autism, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM ecourchesne@ucsd.edu
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NR 67
TC 659
Z9 668
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0028-3878
J9 NEUROLOGY
JI Neurology
PD JUL 24
PY 2001
VL 57
IS 2
BP 245
EP 254
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 454WG
UT WOS:000169994300014
PM 11468308
ER
PT J
AU Edwardes, M
Baltzan, M
AF Edwardes, M
Baltzan, M
TI Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism - Argument is too
simplistic
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Royal Victoria Hosp, Div Clin Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada.
Mt Sinai Hosp, Montreal, PQ H4W 1S7, Canada.
RP Edwardes, M (reprint author), Royal Victoria Hosp, Div Clin Epidemiol, Ross 4-06,687 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada.
CR Altmann D, 2000, LANCET, V355, P409, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74033-2
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Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-535X
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JUL 21
PY 2001
VL 323
IS 7305
BP 163
EP 163
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 456WR
UT WOS:000170106200027
PM 11484721
ER
PT J
AU Smeeth, L
Hall, AJ
Rodrigues, LC
Huang, XN
Smith, PG
Fombonne, E
AF Smeeth, L
Hall, AJ
Rodrigues, LC
Huang, XN
Smith, PG
Fombonne, E
TI Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism - Ecological
studies cannot answer main question
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, MRC,Child Psychiat Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Smeeth, L (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
EM liam.smeeth@lshtm.ac.uk
CR Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P411, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.2.411
Kaye JA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P460, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
Smeeth L, 2001, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V1, DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-1-2
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 1756-1833
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JUL 21
PY 2001
VL 323
IS 7305
BP 163
EP 163
DI 10.1136/bmj.323.7305.163
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 456WR
UT WOS:000170106200026
PM 11463692
ER
PT J
AU Yazbak, FE
AF Yazbak, FE
TI Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism - MMR cannot be
exonerated without explaining increased incidence of autism
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 TL Autism Res, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
RP Yazbak, FE (reprint author), TL Autism Res, 70 Viewcrest Dr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
CR Kaye JA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P460, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-535X
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JUL 21
PY 2001
VL 323
IS 7305
BP 163
EP 164
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 456WR
UT WOS:000170106200028
PM 11484720
ER
PT J
AU Kaye, JA
Melero-Montes, MD
Jick, H
AF Kaye, JA
Melero-Montes, MD
Jick, H
TI Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism - MMR cannot be
exonerated without explaining increased incidence of autism - Reply
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
RP Kaye, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, 11 Muzzey St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
CR Last JM, 2001, DICT EPIDEMIOLOGY
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-535X
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JUL 21
PY 2001
VL 323
IS 7305
BP 164
EP 164
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 456WR
UT WOS:000170106200029
ER
PT J
AU McLellan, F
AF McLellan, F
TI IOM reviews evidence on thimerosal link to autism
SO LANCET
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD JUL 21
PY 2001
VL 358
IS 9277
BP 214
EP 214
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05451-4
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 454HL
UT WOS:000169967100021
ER
PT J
AU Beyer, KS
Klauck, SM
Wiemann, S
Poustka, A
AF Beyer, KS
Klauck, SM
Wiemann, S
Poustka, A
TI Construction of a physical map of an autism susceptibility region in
7q32.3-q33
SO GENE
LA English
DT Article
DE bacterial artificial chromosome clones; end sequencing; sequence tag
site; expressed sequence tag
ID GENOMIC SCREEN; GENES; LOCI; SCAN; DNA
AB The fast evolving progress of the human genome mapping and sequencing efforts facilitate the detection of genes also for complex traits. We focus on the detection of susceptibility loci for autism, a prototypical pervasive developmental disorder. Five genome screens worldwide have identified several putative locations of susceptibility genes thus far, with the most common region on chromosome 7q. In order to identify new candidate genes for infantile autism we constructed a physical map of bacterial artificial chromosome, Pl-derived artificial chromosome and yeast artificial chromosome clones of a 3 Mb region between D7S1575 and D7S500. including a complete contig of the similar to 1.2 Mb region around D7S2533, the marker with the most significant association result. We developed 16 novel sequence tag sites and mapped 23 genes/expressed sequence tags to the contigs. As this map contains a putative autistic disorder locus this integrated physical and transcript map provides a valuable resource for identification of candidate gene(s). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Dept Mol Genome Anal, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Poustka, A (reprint author), Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Dept Mol Genome Anal, Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
RI Wiemann, Stefan/E-4424-2013
OI Wiemann, Stefan/0000-0003-4683-3174
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NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1119
J9 GENE
JI Gene
PD JUL 11
PY 2001
VL 272
IS 1-2
BP 85
EP 91
DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00546-7
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 467WR
UT WOS:000170727200010
PM 11470513
ER
PT J
AU Plank, SM
Copeland-Yates, SA
Sossey-Alaoui, K
Bell, JM
Schroer, RJ
Skinner, C
Michaelis, RC
AF Plank, SM
Copeland-Yates, SA
Sossey-Alaoui, K
Bell, JM
Schroer, RJ
Skinner, C
Michaelis, RC
TI Lack of association of the (AAAT)(6) allele of the GXAlu tetranucleotide
repeat in intron 27b of the NF1 gene with autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; association studies; neurofibromatosis 1 gene
ID NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1 GENE
AB A novel allele of the GXAlu tetranucleotide repeat in intron 27b of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene has recently been reported to be present in 4.7% of autistic patients but not in controls. We have found the novel GXAlu allele absent in 204 patients from the South Carolina Autism Project and 200 controls. The autism population studied includes a significant number of patients with hypotonia, stereotyped behaviors, or postural, gait, and motor abnormalities similar to those seen in the patients previously reported to possess the novel GXAlu allele, This suggests that the novel (AAAT)(6) GXAlu allele is not associated with autism. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss. Inc.
C1 Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA.
Presbyterian Coll, Clinton, SC USA.
Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA.
RP Michaelis, RC (reprint author), Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst, 1 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA.
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NR 8
TC 12
Z9 12
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JUL 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 5
BP 404
EP 405
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1432
PG 2
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 447QD
UT WOS:000169583200002
PM 11449390
ER
PT J
AU Wassink, TH
Piven, J
Vieland, VJ
Huang, J
Swiderski, RE
Pietila, J
Braun, T
Beck, G
Folstein, SE
Haines, JL
Sheffield, VC
AF Wassink, TH
Piven, J
Vieland, VJ
Huang, J
Swiderski, RE
Pietila, J
Braun, T
Beck, G
Folstein, SE
Haines, JL
Sheffield, VC
TI Evidence supporting WNT2 as an autism susceptibility gene
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; candidate gene; linkage disequilibrium; chromosome 7q
ID LINKAGE ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; LANGUAGE DISORDER; CHROMOSOME 7Q;
LOD SCORES; MOUSE; LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE; INHERITANCE; IMPAIRMENT
AB We examined WNT2 as a candidate disease gene for autism for the following reasons. First, the WNT family of genes influences the development of numerous organs and systems, including the central nervous system. Second, WNT2 is located in the region of chromosome 7q31-33 linked to autism and is adjacent to a chromosomal breakpoint in an individual with autism. Third, a mouse knockout of Dvl1, a member of a gene family essential for the function of the WNT pathway, exhibits a behavioral phenotype characterized primarily by diminished social interaction. We screened the WNT2 coding sequence for mutations in a large number of autistic probands and found two families containing nonconservative coding sequence variants that segregated with autism in those families. We also identified linkage disequilibrium (LD) between a WNT2 3'UTR SNP and our sample of autism-affected sibling pair (ASP) families and trios. The LD arose almost exclusively from a subgroup of our ASP families defined by the presence of severe language abnormalities and was also found to be associated with the evidence for linkage to 7q from our previously published genomewide linkage screen. Furthermore, expression analysis demonstrated WNT2 expression in the human thalamus, Based on these findings, we hypothesize that rare mutations occur in the WNT2 gene that significantly increase susceptibility to autism even when present in single copies, while a more common WNT2 allele (or alleles) not yet identified may exist that contributes to the disorder to a lesser degree (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Interdept Genet PhD Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Tufts Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Medford, MA USA.
Vanderbilt Med Ctr, Program Human Genet, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Wassink, TH (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Psychiat Res MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012
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NR 41
TC 125
Z9 132
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JUL 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 5
BP 406
EP 413
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1401
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 447QD
UT WOS:000169583200003
PM 11449391
ER
PT J
AU Kroisel, PM
Petek, E
Emberger, W
Windpassinger, C
Wladika, W
Wagner, K
AF Kroisel, PM
Petek, E
Emberger, W
Windpassinger, C
Wladika, W
Wagner, K
TI Candidate region for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome at 7q31
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE chromosome 7q; cytogenetic analysis; duplication; mental retardation;
Tourette syndrome
ID PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; AUTISM
AB Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a complex n europsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal ties. The cause of this syndrome is unknown, although based on family studies there is evidence of a strong genetic component. We report on a 13-year-old boy with GTS, minor physical anomalies, and a de novo partial duplication of chromosome 7q [dup(7)(q22.1-q31.1)]. The distal breakpoint in our patient is similar to the breakpoint of an apparently balanced familial translocation t(7;18) segregating with G;TS, Together, these cases provide evidence that a gene located in the breakpoint region at 7q31 can be involved in the formation of GTS, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Graz Univ, Inst Med Biol & Human Genet, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Klagenfurt Hosp, Dept Pediat Neuropsychiat, Klagenfurt, Austria.
RP Kroisel, PM (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Med Biol & Human Genet, Harrachgasse 21-8, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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NR 7
TC 27
Z9 29
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JUL 1
PY 2001
VL 101
IS 3
BP 259
EP 261
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010701)101:3<259::AID-AJMG1374>3.0.CO;2-#
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 445TX
UT WOS:000169475600012
PM 11424142
ER
PT J
AU Watling, RL
Deitz, J
White, O
AF Watling, RL
Deitz, J
White, O
TI Comparison of sensory profile scores of young children with and without
autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
DE child development disorders, pervasive; pediatric occupational therapy;
sensory integration
ID BEHAVIORS; MOTOR
AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe the sensory-based behaviors of young children with autism as reported by their parents on the Sensory Profile. Factor scores of children with autism were compared with those of children without autism.
Method. The Sensory Profile questionnaire was completed by parents of 40 children with autism 3 through 6 years of age and parents of 40 children without autism 3 through 6 years of age.
Results. The performance of children with autism was significantly different from that of children without autism on 8 of 10 factors. Factors where differences were found included Sensory Seeking, Emotionally Reactive, Low Endurance/Tone, Oral Sensitivity, Inattention/Distractibility, Poor Registration, Fine Motor/Perceptual, and Other.
Conclusion. Findings from the study suggest that young children with autism have deficits in a variety of sensory processing abilities as measured by the Sensory Profile. Further research is needed to replicate these findings, to examine the possibility of subgroups on the basis of sensory processing, and to contrast the sensory processing abilities of children with other disabilities to those of children with autism.
C1 Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Div Occupat Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Coll Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Watling, RL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Div Occupat Therapy, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
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NR 33
TC 76
Z9 77
PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA
SN 0272-9490
J9 AM J OCCUP THER
JI Am. J. Occup. Ther.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2001
VL 55
IS 4
BP 416
EP 423
PG 8
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 454BJ
UT WOS:000169952300008
PM 11723986
ER
PT J
AU Perry, EK
Lee, MLW
Martin-Ruiz, CM
Court, JA
Volsen, SG
Merrit, J
Folly, E
Iversen, PE
Bauman, ML
Perry, RH
Wenk, GL
AF Perry, EK
Lee, MLW
Martin-Ruiz, CM
Court, JA
Volsen, SG
Merrit, J
Folly, E
Iversen, PE
Bauman, ML
Perry, RH
Wenk, GL
TI Cholinergic activity in autism: Abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and
basal forebrain
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; NERVE
GROWTH-FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; HUMAN BRAIN; NEUROCHEMICAL MARKERS;
ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; BINDING; RATS; SCHIZOPHRENIA
AB Objective: Measures of cholinergic transmitter activity were investigated in patients with autism because of reported neuropathological abnormalities in cholinergic nuclei in the basal forebrain.
Method: Levels of cholinergic enzyme and receptor activity were measured in the frontal and parietal cerebral cortex of deceased autistic adults, similarly aged normal adults without mental retardation, and nonautistic mentally retarded adults. The immunoreactivity levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor were,measured in the basal forebrain.
Results: There were no differences between the autistic and comparison groups in choline acetyltransferase or acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebral cortex and basal forebrain or in muscarinic Mt receptor or a-bungarotoxin binding within the cortex. Cortical M-1 receptor binding was up to 30% lower than normal in the autistic subjects, and the difference reached significance in the parietal cortex. In both the parietal and frontal cortices, differences in nicotinic receptors assessed by [H-3]epibatidine binding were significant and extensive (65%-73% lower in the autistic group than in the normal subjects); there were no differences in nicotine binding in the basal forebrain. Immunochemical analysis indicated lower levels of both the alpha (4) and beta (2) nicotinic receptor subunits in the parietal cortex. The M1 receptor-abnormality was not evident in the nonautistic group with mental retardation, although the lower [H-3]epibatidine binding was apparent. In the basal forebrain, the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the autistic group was three times as high as the level of the normal group.
Conclusions: These neurochemical abnormalities implicate the cholinergic system in developmental disorders such as autism and suggest the potential for intervention based on cholinergic receptor modulation.
C1 Newcastle Gen Hosp, Ctr Dev Clin Brain Ageing, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England.
Univ Arizona, Div Neural Syst Memory & Aging, Tucson, AZ USA.
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Neurol Serv, Boston, MA USA.
Cure Autism Now Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Lily Res Ctr, Windlesham, Surrey, England.
RP Perry, EK (reprint author), Newcastle Gen Hosp, Ctr Dev Clin Brain Ageing, MRC Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England.
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TC 162
Z9 167
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 158
IS 7
BP 1058
EP 1066
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1058
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 450YT
UT WOS:000169773000011
PM 11431227
ER
PT J
AU Thrasher, JD
Kilburn, KH
AF Thrasher, JD
Kilburn, KH
TI Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE anomalies; chromosomes; embryo; formaldehyde; mitochondria;
mutagenicity; neurogenesis; teratogenicity
ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DEVELOPMENTAL
NEUROTOXICITY; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; INHALATION
EXPOSURE; RAT-LIVER; CHLORPYRIFOS; STUDENTS; INDUCTION
AB C-14 formaldehyde crosses the placenta and enters fetal tissues. The incorporated radioactivity is higher in fetal organs (i.e., brain and liver) than in maternal tissues. The incorporation mechanism has not been studied fully, but formaldehyde enters the single-carbon cycle and is incorporated as a methyl group into nucleic acids and proteins. Also, formaldehyde reacts chemically with organic compounds (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleosides, nucleotides, proteins, amino acids) by addition and condensation reactions, thus forming adducts and deoxyribonucleic acid-protein crosslinks. The following questions must be addressed: What adducts (e.g., N-methyl amino acids) are formed in the blood following formaldehyde inhalation? What role do N-methyl-amino adducts play in alkylation of nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, as well as mitochondrial peroxidation? The fact that the free formaldehyde pool in blood is not affected following exposure to the chemical does not mean that formaldehyde is not involved in altering cell and deoxyribonucleic acid characteristics beyond the nasal cavity. The teratogenic effect of formaldehyde in the English literature has been sought, beginning on the 6th day of pregnancy (i.e., rodents) (Saillenfait AM, et al. Food Chem Toxicol 1989, pp 545-48; Martin WJ. Reprod Toxicol 1990, pp 237-39; Ulsamer AG, et al. Hazard Assessment of Chemicals; Academic Press, 1984, pp 337-400; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological Profile of Formaldehyde; ATSDR, 1999 [references 1-4., respectively, herein]). The exposure regimen is critical and may account for the differences in outcomes. Pregnant rats were exposed (a) prior to mating, (b) during mating, (c) or during the entire gestation period. These regimens (a) increased embryo mortality; (b) increased fetal anomalies (i.e., cryptochordism and aberrant ossification centers); (c) decreased concentrations of ascorbic acid; and (d) caused abnormalities in enzymes of mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The alterations in enzymatic activity persisted 4 mo following birth. In addition, formaldehyde caused metabolic acidosis, which was augmented by iron deficiency. Furthermore, newborns exposed to formaldehyde in utero had abnormal performances in open-field tests. Disparities in teratogenic effects of toxic chemicals are not unusual. For example, chlorpyrifos has not produced teratogenic effects in rats when mothers are exposed on days 6-15 (Katakura Y, et al. Br J Ind Med 1993, pp 176-82 [reference 5 herein]) of gestation (Breslin WJ, et al. Fund Appl Toxicol 1996, pp 119-30; and Hanley TR, et al. Toxicol Sci 2000, pp 100-08 [references 6 and 7, respectively, herein]). However, either changing the endpoints for measurement or exposing neonates during periods of neurogenesis (days 1-14 following birth) and during subsequent developmental periods produced adverse effects. These effects included neuroapoptosis, decreased deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid synthesis, abnormalities in adenylyl cyclase cascade, and neurobehavioral effects (Johnson DE, et al. Brain Res Bull 1998, pp 143-47; Lassiter TL, et al. Toxicol Sci 1999, pp 92-100; Chakraborti TK, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993, pp 219-24; Whitney KD, et al. Toxicol Appl Pharm 1995, pp 53-62; Chanda SM, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996, pp 771-76; Dam K, et al. Devel Brain Res 1998, pp 39-45; Campbell CG, et al. Brain Res Bull 1997, pp 179-89; and Xong X, et al. Toxicol Appl Pharm 1997, pp 158-74 [references 8-15, respectively, herein]).
Furthermore, the terata caused by thalidomide is a graphic human example in which the animal model and timing of exposure were key factors (Parman T, et al. Natl Med 1999, pp 582-85; and Brenner CA, et al. Mol Human Repro 1998, pp 887-92 [references 16 and 17, respectively, herein]). Thus, it appears that more sensitive endpoints (e.g., enzyme activity, generation of reactive oxygen species, timing of exposure) for the measurement of toxic effects of environmental agents on embryos, fetuses, and neonates are more coherent than are gross terata observations. The perinatal period from the end of organogenesis to the end of the neonatal period in humans approximates the 28th day of gestation to 4 wk postpartum. Therefore, researchers must investigate similar stages of development (e.g., neurogenesis occurs in the 3rd trimester in humans and neonatal days occur during days 1-14 in rats and mice, whereas guinea pigs behave more like humans). Finally, screening for teratogenic events should also include exposure of females before mating or shortly following mating. Such a regimen is fruitful inasmuch as environmental agents cause adverse effects on ovarian elements (e.g., thecal cells and ova [nuclear-deoxyribonucleic acid and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid]), as well as on zygotes and embryos before implantation. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutations and deletions occur in human oocytes and embryos (Parman T, et al. Natl Med 1999, pp 582-85; and Brenner CA, et al. Mol Human Repro 1998, pp 887-92 [references 16 and 17, respectively, herein]). Thus, it is likely that xenobiotics directly affect n-deoxyribonucleic acid and/or mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid in either the ovum or the zygote/embryo or both (Thrasher JD. Arch Environ Health 2000, pp 292-94 [reference 18 herein]), and they could account for the increasing appearance of a variety of mitochondrial diseases, including autism (Lomard L. Med Hypotheses 1998, pp 497-99; Wallace EC. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994, pp 8730-46; and Giles RE, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1980, pp 6715-19 [references 19-21, respectively, herein]). Two cases of human birth defects were reported in formaldehyde-contaminated homes (Woodbury MA, et al. Formaldehyde Toxicity 1983; pp 203-11 [reference 22 herein]). One case was anencephalic at 2.76 ppm, and the other defect at 0.54 ppm was not characterized. Further observations on human birth defects are recommended.
C1 Sam 1 Trust, Alto, NM 88312 USA.
Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Environm Sci Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Thrasher, JD (reprint author), Sam 1 Trust, Alto, NM 88312 USA.
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NR 94
TC 36
Z9 50
PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA
SN 0003-9896
J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH
JI Arch. Environ. Health
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 4
BP 300
EP 311
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 473TQ
UT WOS:000171064500004
PM 11572272
ER
PT J
AU Cimons, M
AF Cimons, M
TI IOM report discounts link between MMR vaccine use and autism
SO ASM NEWS
LA English
DT Article
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0044-7897
J9 ASM NEWS
JI ASM News
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 67
IS 7
BP 342
EP 343
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 451XR
UT WOS:000169828300005
ER
PT J
AU Maurice, C
Mannion, K
Letso, S
Perry, L
AF Maurice, C
Mannion, K
Letso, S
Perry, L
TI Parent voices: Difficulty in accessing behavioral intervention for
autism; Working toward solutions
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
AB The history of autism treatment has been dominated by a series of failed treatments, passing fads. and misinformed theories of etiology. With the advances in teaching methods derived from the science of Applied Behavior Analysis however, significant remediation of the disorder is now possible. Yet at present parents or caregivers still face serious challenges in identifying scientifically-validated treatment models, and in securing competent and well-trained therapists. Four parents report on these challenges, on the steps they have taken to mitigate these difficulties in their own families, and on the long-term solutions they are attempting to implement in the wider community. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 ASAT, Great Neck, NY 11021 USA.
RP Maurice, C (reprint author), ASAT, 175 Great Neck Rd,Suite 406, Great Neck, NY 11021 USA.
CR KAUFMAN B, 1974, SON RISE
Maurice C., 1993, LET ME HEAR YOUR VOI
SHOOK GL, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P87
NR 3
TC 5
Z9 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 147
EP 165
DI 10.1002/bin.89
PG 19
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 462XY
UT WOS:000170446300001
ER
PT J
AU Healey, JJ
Ahearn, WH
Graff, RB
Libby, ME
AF Healey, JJ
Ahearn, WH
Graff, RB
Libby, ME
TI Extended analysis and treatment of self-injurious behavior
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS
AB In experiment 1, an extended functional analysis of self-injury was conducted with a 21-year-old male diagnosed with autism and profound mental retardation. The multielement phase yielded undifferentiated results. Subsequent blocking of conditions plus the addition of a component allowing access to multiple sensory stimuli suggested that self-injury was unrelated to programmed positive or negative reinforcement contingencies. The behavior appeared to be automatically reinforced; its occurrence decreased when access to alternative sensory stimuli was provided. Experiment 2 evaluated a treatment condition in which response-independent access to these sensory stimuli was provided within the participant's everyday environment. Baseline and treatment frequencies of self-injury were compared in a combined. multiple-baseline-across-settings and ABAB design. The level of self-injury decreased substantially during treatment. These results support the use of extended analog analyses of aberrant behavior in instances in which undifferentiated responding occurs in the initial analogue analysis. Additionally, a procedure is described for generalizing the intervention derived from the experimental analysis into the participant's everyday environment. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA.
Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA.
RP Healey, JJ (reprint author), New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA.
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NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 181
EP 195
DI 10.1002/bin.91
PG 15
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 462XY
UT WOS:000170446300003
ER
PT J
AU Saitoh, O
Karns, CM
Courchesne, E
AF Saitoh, O
Karns, CM
Courchesne, E
TI Development of the hippocampal formation from 2 to 42 years - MRI
evidence of smaller area dentata in autism
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; MRI; neuroanatomy; development; hippocampus
ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ENTORHINAL CORTEX;
NEUROGENESIS; BRAIN; RAT; ABNORMALITIES; ORGANIZATION; CEREBELLAR;
DENSITIES
AB Autism, a neuropsychiatric disorder that severely impairs social, language and cognitive development, has a clinical onset in the first years of life, Because components of the limbic system mediate memory, social and affective functions that are typically disturbed in autism, a developmental defect in the limbic system has been hypothesized to underlie different autistic symptoms, but no developmental study has been performed, To obtain neuroanatomical evidence of limbic system abnormality in autism, we measured the cross-sectional area of the area dentata (AD; dentate gyrus + CA4) and combined area of the subiculum and CA1-CA3 (CAS) using in vivo MRI, Autistic patients aged 29 months to 42 years (n = 59) and healthy normal controls (n = 51) participated, The cross-sectional area of the AD was significantly smaller than normal in autism, the largest deviation from normal size (-13.5%) being found in autistic children aged 29 months to 4 years, Strong age-related increases were seen in the cross-sectional area of GAS, but autistic and normal subjects were not Significantly different, This is the first direct evidence that anatomical abnormality within the limbic system exists from the earliest years of the disorder, and persists throughout development and to middle age.
C1 Lab Res Neurosci Autism, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Natl Ctr Hosp Mental Nervous & Muscular Disorders, Dept Psychiat, Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Tokyo, Japan.
Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Courchesne, E (reprint author), Lab Res Neurosci Autism, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
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NR 47
TC 91
Z9 92
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 124
BP 1317
EP 1324
DI 10.1093/brain/124.7.1317
PN 7
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 454AA
UT WOS:000169949200006
PM 11408327
ER
PT J
AU Hong, WC
Ping, LTCW
AF Hong, WC
Ping, LTCW
TI The relationship of language function of adults with autism to the
speech of their mothers
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; CHILDREN; PATTERNS
C1 Govt Off, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Rehabil Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
RP Hong, WC (reprint author), Govt Off, Room 723,393 Canton Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
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NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BRITISH SOC DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
PI STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
PA C/O SEFA PUBL LTD, 4 GREAT WILLIAM ST, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON CV37 6RY,
WARWICK, ENGLAND
SN 0969-7950
J9 BRIT J DEV DISABIL
JI Br. J. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 47
IS 93
BP 73
EP 85
PN 2
PG 13
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 454QE
UT WOS:000169982600002
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, KB
AF Nelson, KB
TI Toward a biology of autism: possible role of certain neuropeptides and
neurotrophins
SO CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; neuropeptides; neurotrophins
ID VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
VIP; NEURONS; BRAIN; CHILDREN; BDNF; EXPRESSION; GROWTH
AB Autism is a behaviorally defined syndrome for which there is no known biologic marker. Although autism is thought to be a disorder of brain development, there have been few efforts to study early regulators of brain development in this disorder. This paper describes a recent study of neonatal blood of children with later-diagnosed of autistic spectrum disorders comparing them with two groups of affected children, those with mental retardation without autism, or with cerebral palsy. and unaffected control children, using recycling immunoaffinity chromatography. We measured concentrations of four neuropeptides and four neurotrophins, finding that neonatal concentrations of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide. calcitonin gone-related peptide, and the neurotrophins brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 415 were higher in children in the autistic spectrum. and in those with mental retardation without autism, than in children with cerebral palsy or healthy control children. In 99% of children with autism and 97% with mental retardation, levels of at least one of these substances exceeded those of all control children. Concentrations were similar in subgroups of the autistic spectrum (core syndrome with or without mental retardation, other autistic spectrum disorders with or without mental retardation), and in the presence or absence of a history of regression. Two other neuropeptides and two neurotrophins were present in similar concentrations in all groups examined. Thus overexpression of certain neuropeptides and neurotrophins was observed in neonatal blood of children with later diagnoses of autism or cognitive disability. (C) 2001 Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
C1 NINCDS, Neuroepidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Nelson, KB (reprint author), NINCDS, Neuroepidemiol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5S221, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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NR 55
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1566-2772
J9 CLIN NEUROSCI RES
JI Clin. Neurosci. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 1
IS 4
BP 300
EP 306
DI 10.1016/S1566-2772(01)00016-0
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 529FC
UT WOS:000174288500007
ER
PT J
AU Russell, J
Hill, EL
Franco, F
AF Russell, J
Hill, EL
Franco, F
TI The role of belief veracity in understanding intentions-in-action -
Preschool children's performance on the transparent intentions task
SO COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE intention; the 3-4 transition; theory of mind; executive functioning;
metarepresentation
ID FALSE BELIEF; MIND; DECEPTION; ABILITY; AUTISM
AB It is possible to have either true or false beliefs about what one is currently doing (an 'intention-in-action'; [Searle, J. R. (1983). Intentionality: an essay in the philosophy of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.]). The theory-theory account of the development of 'mentalising' skills between 3 and 4 years of age predicts that younger children should find false intentions-in-action more difficult to report than true intentions-in-action, In contrast, an executive theory of development at 3 and 4 years of age would predict that the perceived outcome of the action at the time of questioning should determine the younger child's answer, with the truth-value of the past belief playing no role. We presented 3- and 4-year-old children with a novel drawing task- the transparent intentions task -in order to pit these two accounts against each other. The truth-value of the child's (or a puppet's) intention-in-action played no role in performance. Incorrect answers referred to the unexpected final outcome of the drawing. This result supports the executive theory. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 2EB, England.
UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England.
Middlesex Univ, Dept Psychol, Enfield, Middx, England.
RP Russell, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 2EB, England.
EM jr111@cus.cam.ac.uk
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NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0885-2014
J9 COGNITIVE DEV
JI Cogn. Dev.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 775
EP 792
DI 10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00057-0
PG 18
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 510ET
UT WOS:000173196300002
ER
PT J
AU Kugathasan, S
AF Kugathasan, S
TI Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: clinical and therapeutic aspects
SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CEREVISIAE MANNAN ANTIBODIES; CROHNS-DISEASE; 6-MERCAPTOPURINE THERAPY;
ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; INFLIXIMAB; PREVALENCE;
DURATION
AB Epidemiologic data suggest that the incidences of pediatric ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease continue to evolve with geographic variations. One study suggests that children with autism have a unique inflammatory bowel disorder that is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. The appropriate use of new diagnostic tests and novel treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) needs to be clarified in the pediatric population. Because of concerns regarding sensitivity and specificity, serologic markers measuring anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies cannot yet replace conventional diagnostic testing for screening or diagnosis of pediatric IBD. Large, prospective, pediatric population-based studies still need to be performed to ascertain their use as a noninvasive screening tool. Genetic studies using thiopurine methyl transferase and measurement of 6-mercaptopurine metabolites appear to be valuable for management of pediatric patients with IBD, in assisting clinicians in optimizing therapeutic response to 6-mercaptopurine, and in identifying individuals at increased risk for drug-induced toxicity. Newer immunomodulatory agents also are being explored in pediatric IBD. Open pilot trials of infliximab (Remicade; Centocor, Malvern, PA) for the treatment of children with Crohn disease that does not respond to conventional management have demonstrated short-term efficacy and safety. Trials of tacrolimus for treatment of fulminant colitis in children have been disappointing.
C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Pediat Inflammatory Bowel Dis Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.
RP Kugathasan, S (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Pediat Inflammatory Bowel Dis Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.
CR BARTON JR, 1989, GUT, V30, P618, DOI 10.1136/gut.30.5.618
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NR 21
TC 4
Z9 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0267-1379
J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN
JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 17
IS 4
BP 350
EP 355
DI 10.1097/00001574-200107000-00009
PG 6
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 445FV
UT WOS:000169448200009
PM 17031182
ER
PT J
AU O'Brien, G
Pearson, J
Berney, T
Barnard, L
AF O'Brien, G
Pearson, J
Berney, T
Barnard, L
TI Measuring behaviour in developmental disability: a review of existing
schedules
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; AUTISM-RATING-SCALE; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR;
SEVERELY HANDICAPPED DASH; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN;
STRUCTURED PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE; PERFORMANCE SURVEY SCHEDULE
C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Neurosci & Psychiat, Dev Psychiat Res Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AE, Tyne & Wear, England.
Northgate & Prudhoe NHS Trust, Morpeth, Northd, England.
RP O'Brien, G (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Neurosci & Psychiat, Dev Psychiat Res Unit, 1-2 Claremont Terrace, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AE, Tyne & Wear, England.
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NR 223
TC 5
Z9 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 43
SU 87
BP 1
EP 70
PG 70
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 456KV
UT WOS:000170082400001
ER
PT J
AU Vourc'h, P
Bienvenu, T
Beldjord, C
Chelly, J
Barthelemy, C
Muh, JP
Andres, C
AF Vourc'h, P
Bienvenu, T
Beldjord, C
Chelly, J
Barthelemy, C
Muh, JP
Andres, C
TI No mutations in the coding region of the Rett syndrome gene MECP2 in 59
autistic patients
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; rett syndrome; MECP2 gene; DGGE analysis
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; X-CHROMOSOME; INSTABILITY; DIAGNOSIS
AB Autistic disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder considered to have a multigenic origin. Mental retardation is present in 75% of autistic patients. Autistic features are found in Rett syndrome, a neurological disorder affecting girls and associated with severe mental retardation. Recently, the gene responsible for the Rett syndrome, methyl CpG-binding protein (MECP2) gene, was identified on the X chromosome by a candidate gene strategy. Mutations in this gene were also observed in some mentally retarded males. In this study we tested MECP2 as a candidate gene in autistic disorder by a DGGE analysis of its coding region and intron-exon boundaries. Among 59 autistic patients, 42 males and 17 females, mentally retarded or not, no mutations or polymorphisms were present in the MECP2 gene. Taking into account the size of our sample, we conclude that MECP2 coding sequence mutations are not an important factor (less than 5% of cases) in the aetiology of autistic disorder.
C1 Fac Med Tours, INSERM U316, Lab Biochem & Biol Mol, F-37032 Tours, France.
Fac Med Cochin, ICGM, Lab Genet Physiopathol Retards Mentaux, F-75014 Paris, France.
Hop Bretonneau, Serv Univ Explorat Fonct & Neurophysiol Pedopsych, INSERM U316, F-37032 Tours, France.
RP Andres, C (reprint author), Fac Med Tours, INSERM U316, Lab Biochem & Biol Mol, 2 Bis Bd Tonnelle, F-37032 Tours, France.
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NR 17
TC 35
Z9 37
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1018-4813
J9 EUR J HUM GENET
JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 9
IS 7
BP 556
EP 558
DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200660
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 459PM
UT WOS:000170259900012
PM 11464249
ER
PT J
AU Steinmetz, JE
Tracy, JA
Green, JT
AF Steinmetz, JE
Tracy, JA
Green, JT
TI Classical eyeblink conditioning: Clinical models and applications
SO INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAIN GROWTH SPURT; PURKINJE-CELL LOSS; NICTITATING-MEMBRANE RESPONSE;
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; NEONATAL ETHANOL EXPOSURE; FETAL ALCOHOL
SYNDROME; INTERPOSITUS NUCLEUS; CEREBELLAR PURKINJE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE;
EYELID RESPONSES
AB In this paper, we argue that the main reason that classical eyeblink conditioning has proven so useful when applied to clinical situations, is that a great deal of information is known about the behavioral and neural correlates of this form of associative learning. Presented here is a summary of three lines of research that have used classical eyeblink conditioning to study three different clinical conditions; autism, fetal alcohol syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While seemingly very different clinical conditions, classical eyeblink conditioning has proven very useful for advancing our understanding of these clinical pathologies and the neural conditions that may underlie them.
C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Steinmetz, JE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RI Green, John/A-3639-2013
OI Green, John/0000-0003-4399-9881
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NR 78
TC 16
Z9 16
PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM
PI PISCATAWAY
PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA
SN 1053-881X
J9 INTEGR PHYS BEH SCI
JI Integr. Physiol. Behav. Sci.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 3
BP 220
EP 238
DI 10.1007/BF02734095
PG 19
WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 502NX
UT WOS:000172750600005
PM 11777017
ER
PT J
AU Gomot, M
Giard, MH
Adrien, JL
Barthelemy, C
Bruneau, N
AF Gomot, M
Giard, MH
Adrien, JL
Barthelemy, C
Bruneau, N
TI Auditory mismatch process in children with autism: an ERP topographic
study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Unite 316, Tours, France.
Unite 280, Lyon, France.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8760
J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL
JI Int. J. Psychophysiol.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 41
IS 3
BP 217
EP 218
PG 2
WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology;
Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology
GA 451TL
UT WOS:000169817300077
ER
PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
AF Baron-Cohen, S
TI Autism spectrum disorders, vol 9, A transactional developmental
perspective.
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Book Review
CR WETHERBY A, 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, V9
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 5
BP 702
EP 702
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 456HR
UT WOS:000170077500019
ER
PT J
AU Hollander, E
Dolgoff-Kaspar, R
Cartwright, C
Rawitt, R
Novotny, S
AF Hollander, E
Dolgoff-Kaspar, R
Cartwright, C
Rawitt, R
Novotny, S
TI An open trial of divalproex sodium in autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM
AB Background: Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by core deficits in social interaction and speech/communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Other abnormalities include seizures, electroencephalograph ic (EEG) abnormalities, affective instability, impulsivity, and aggression. Divalproex sodium is indicated as both an anticonvulsant in epilepsy and a mood stabilizer in bipolar illness and thus might be useful for these complicating symptoms in autism.
Method: A retrospective pilot study was conducted to determine whether divalproex sodium was effective in treating core dimensions and associated features of autism. Fourteen patients who met DSM-IV criteria for autism, Asperger's disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, both with and without a history of seizure disorders or EEG abnormalities, were openly treated with divalproex sodium. Improvement was assessed via the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale.
Results: Of 14 patients who completed a trial of divalproex sodium, 10 (71%) were rated as having sustained response to treatment. The mean dose of divalproex sodium was 768 mg/day (range, 125-2500 mg/day), and it was generally well tolerated. Improvement was noted in core symptoms of autism and associated features of affective instability, impulsivity, and aggression.
Conclusion: Divalproex sodium may be beneficial to patients with autism spectrum disorders, particularly those with associated features of affective instability, impulsivity, and aggression as well as those with a history of EEG abnormalities or seizures. Of note, all patients with an abnormal EEG and/or seizure history were rated as responders. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution, given the open retrospective nature of the study. Controlled trials are needed to replicate these preliminary findings.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Hollander, E (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Box 1230,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 23
TC 86
Z9 89
PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS
PI MEMPHIS
PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA
SN 0160-6689
J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT
JI J. Clin. Psychiatry
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 62
IS 7
BP 530
EP 534
PG 7
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 457KZ
UT WOS:000170137400007
PM 11488363
ER
PT J
AU Schmitt, JE
Eliez, S
Warsofsky, IS
Bellugi, U
Reiss, AL
AF Schmitt, JE
Eliez, S
Warsofsky, IS
Bellugi, U
Reiss, AL
TI Enlarged cerebellar vermis in Williams syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Williams syndrome; cerebellar vermis; neurogenetics; MRI; chromosome 7
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; JOUBERT-SYNDROME; DISORDER; BRAIN; COMMUNICATION;
AUTISM; MRI; MORPHOLOGY; FEATURES; PROFILE
AB Williams syndrome (WMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by relative preservations of language ability and facial processing despite deficits in overall intelligence, problem solving, and visuospatial processing, Subjects with WMS also display hypersocial behavior and excessive linguistic affect during conversations and when giving narratives. Neuroimaging studies have shown global reductions in the brain volumes of subjects with WMS compared with normal controls, but with preservations in cerebellar volume. This study examines the neuroanatomic structure of the cerebellar vermis in 20 subjects with WMS and 20 age- and gender-matched controls via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The vermis was divided into lobules I-V, VI-VII, and VIII-X. Lobules VI-VII and VIII-X were both relatively enlarged in the WMS group, and after adjusting for the smaller size of the WMS brain, the posterior vermis was significantly larger in WMS (Mann-Whitney z-value = 4.27; P < 0.001). Given that reductions in posterior vermis size have been implicated in flattened affect and autistic features, increased vermis size in subjects with WMS may be related to the hypersociality and heightened affective expression characteristic of individuals with this genetic condition. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford Psychiat Neuroimaging Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cognit Neurosci Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Reiss, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford Psychiat Neuroimaging Lab, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
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NR 39
TC 49
Z9 50
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3956
J9 J PSYCHIAT RES
JI J. Psychiatr. Res.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2001
VL 35
IS 4
BP 225
EP 229
DI 10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00024-3
PG 5
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 477DW
UT WOS:000171268700003
PM 11578640
ER
PT J
AU Eisenberg, L
AF Eisenberg, L
TI The past 50 years of child and adolescent psychiatry: A personal memoir
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENETICS; MEDICINE; AUTISM; TWIN; RECEPTOR
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Eisenberg, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, 641 Huntington Ave,2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
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NR 57
TC 5
Z9 5
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 7
BP 743
EP 748
DI 10.1097/00004583-200107000-00008
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 445XH
UT WOS:000169483500008
PM 11437012
ER
PT J
AU Fombonne, E
Simmons, H
Ford, T
Meltzer, H
Goodman, R
AF Fombonne, E
Simmons, H
Ford, T
Meltzer, H
Goodman, R
TI Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in the British
nationwide survey of child mental health
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE epidemiology; autism; Rett syndrome; pervasive developmental disorder;
prevalence
ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; AUTISM; MEASLES;
PARENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; STRENGTHS; STRESS
AB Objective: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) is not well established and needs monitoring. The prevalence of PDD in the 1999 nationwide British survey of child and adolescent mental health was investigated. Method: A randomized, stratified sample of children (N = 12,529) aged 5 to 15 years was generated from the Child Benefit Register. Trained interviewers interviewed parents and youths aged 11 or older with a standardized diagnostic interview (Development and Well-Being Assessment). and questionnaire data (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were obtained from teachers and parents, who also completed self-report measures of psychological distress. Final diagnostic determination was achieved by a team of experienced clinicians using all data sources. Results: A total of 10,438 (83%) interviews were conducted. There were 2 girls with Rett syndrome (weighted prevalence: 3.8/10,000 girls) and 27 children with other PDD (weighted prevalence: 26.1/10,000). Compared with children with a psychiatric disorder other than PDD, social but not behavioral problems were more frequent in the PDD group. Parents of children with PDD had higher rates of psychological distress. than those from the two comparison groups. Conclusions: Consistent with other recent surveys, PDD rates are higher than those reported 30 years ago. The burden associated with PDD is very high.
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
Off Natl Stat, London, ON, Canada.
RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM e.fombonne@iop.krl.ac.uk
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NR 40
TC 112
Z9 118
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 7
BP 820
EP 827
DI 10.1097/00004583-200107000-00017
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 445XH
UT WOS:000169483500017
PM 11437021
ER
PT J
AU Duchan, JF
Calculator, S
Sonnenmeier, R
Diehl, S
Cumley, GD
AF Duchan, JF
Calculator, S
Sonnenmeier, R
Diehl, S
Cumley, GD
TI A framework for managing controversial practices
SO LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS
LA English
DT Article
DE augmentative and alternative communication; clinical practice
guidelines; controversial practices; facilitated communication
ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; SEXUAL ABUSE; AUTISM
AB Every day, speech-language pathologists working in schools make difficult, life-impacting decisions regarding which assessment and intervention approaches to use with their clients. These decisions can become even more difficult when the approaches being considered for use are controversial. The risks involved in making choices about controversial practices are likely to have increased significance simply because the approach being considered is not widely accepted. The increased professional risk may cause decisions to be made based on risk avoidance rather than on a careful consideration of the pros and cons of the approach itself. This article offers a clinical practice framework for gathering information about controversial approaches and for implementing and monitoring their use. The frame-work will be illustrated using facilitated communication as an example of a controversial practice.
C1 SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NC USA.
Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA.
RP Duchan, JF (reprint author), 130 Jewett Pkwy, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA.
CR *AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1995, ASHA S14, V37, P22
*AM SPEECH LANG HE, 1994, TECHN REP FAC COMM
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1989, ASHA, V31, P107
Beukelman D. R., 1998, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA
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NR 33
TC 7
Z9 8
PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA
SN 0161-1461
J9 LANG SPEECH HEAR SER
JI Lang. Speech Hear. Serv. Sch.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 3
BP 133
EP 141
DI 10.1044/0161-1461(2001/011)
PG 9
WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 453PZ
UT WOS:000169926200003
ER
PT J
AU Bonvillian, JD
Gershoff, ET
Seal, BC
Richards, HC
AF Bonvillian, JD
Gershoff, ET
Seal, BC
Richards, HC
TI Hand preferences in sign-learning students with autistic disorder
SO LATERALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID PATHOLOGICAL LEFT-HANDEDNESS; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
HEMISPHERIC-SPECIALIZATION; BRAIN LATERALIZATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; IMITATION; ASYMMETRIES; DIAGNOSIS
AB The purpose of the study was fourfold: (a) to document the hand preferences of nonspeaking individuals with autism as they produced signs and nonsign actions; (b) to find out if sign-language proficiency in such individuals is associated with directionality or consistency of signing hand preference; (c) to explore the link between hand preference for signing and standardised measures of cognitive and motor development; (d) to compare the hand preferences (sign and nonsign actions) of such individuals to sign-learning children with normal cognitive functioning. In this study, the hand preferences of 14 nonspeaking students with autistic disorder were determined from videotape records of their sign production and nonsign actions. In their sign production, four students strongly favoured their right hands, four had a distinct left-hand preference, and six did not significantly favour either hand. There was little evidence linking sign-language proficiency, cognitive maturity, or motor development to strongly lateralised signing or handedness in general in these students. Compared with the hand preferences of the children in the two comparison groups, the autistic students were markedly less lateralised with respect to signing, but not nonsign actions.
C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
RP Bonvillian, JD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, 102 Gilmer Hall,POB 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
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NR 59
TC 2
Z9 3
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1357-650X
J9 LATERALITY
JI Laterality
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 3
BP 261
EP 281
DI 10.1080/713754414
PG 21
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 444CA
UT WOS:000169379300006
PM 15513175
ER
PT J
AU Tordjman, S
Gutknecht, L
Carlier, M
Spitz, E
Antoine, C
Slama, F
Carsalade, V
Cohen, DJ
Ferrari, P
Roubertoux, PL
Anderson, GM
AF Tordjman, S
Gutknecht, L
Carlier, M
Spitz, E
Antoine, C
Slama, F
Carsalade, V
Cohen, DJ
Ferrari, P
Roubertoux, PL
Anderson, GM
TI Role of the serotonin transporter gene in the behavioral expression of
autism
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism severity; extended TDT; HTT promoter polymorphism; SLC6A4;
allelic transmission; modifying loci
ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PLATELET SEROTONIN; DISORDER; ASSOCIATION;
POLYMORPHISM; 5-HTT; TWIN; HETEROGENEITY; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN
AB The promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (HTT, locus SLC6A4) is of special interest in autism given the well-replicated platelet hyperserotonemia of autism, treatment effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the role of serotonin in limbic functioning and neurodevelopment. Parent-offspring transmission of the long (l) and short (s) alleles of the deletion/insertion polymorphism in the HTT promoter region was examined in families of 71 children with autism using the transmission test for linkage disequilibrium (TDT). Transmission of HTT promoter alleles did not differ between probands with autism and their unaffected siblings. However, allelic transmission in probands was dependent upon severity of impairments in the social and communication domains, with greater s allele transmission in severely impaired individuals and greater I transmission in mild/moderately impaired individuals. This relationship between HTT promoter alleles and severity of autistic impairment was also seen when ratings of social and communication behaviors were compared across genotypes. The data indicate that HTT promoter alleles by themselves do not convey risk for autism, but, rather, modify the severity of autistic behaviors in the social and communication domains. The results require replication and, given the size of the groups and subgroups examined, must be considered still preliminary. The results suggest that future research on the genetics of autism should carefully assess each of the major behavioral domains and seriously consider the possible role of modifying loci.
C1 Univ Paris Sud, Fdn Vallee, F-94257 Gentilly, France.
CNRS, FRE 2134, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA.
RP Tordjman, S (reprint author), Univ Paris Sud, Fdn Vallee, 7 Rue Benserade, F-94257 Gentilly, France.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Anastasi A., 1988, PSYCHOL TESTING
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NR 41
TC 110
Z9 115
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 4
BP 434
EP 439
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000873
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 439HG
UT WOS:000169104900014
PM 11443529
ER
PT J
AU Ruhl, D
Bolte, S
Poustka, F
AF Ruhl, D
Bolte, S
Poustka, F
TI Language development and level of intelligence in autism: does
Asperger's syndrome represent a different disorder?
SO NERVENARZT
LA German
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; diagnostic criteria
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN
AB Since the introduction of a separate diagnosis for Asperger's syndrome in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV classification systems, a controversial debate has continued on whether Asperger's syndrome is a specific, clearly distinguishable disorder within the autistic spectrum or whether it represents a milder phenotypical variation of autism. The effect on the amount of autistic symptoms of the variables language delay and level of intelligence was analyzed within a sample of individuals exhibiting autism diagnosed by standardized methods. Both variables showed a significant effect on the degree of autistic symptoms in that impairments in social interaction were less noticeable. In addition, a subsample of individuals exhibited symptoms assumed to be characteristic for Asperger's syndrome. The findings support the assumption that autism and Asperger's syndrome represent "extreme points" on a scale of severity, which leads to the suggestion that the classification of different subtypes of autism could be abandoned in favor of a dimensional (multiaxial) approach.
C1 Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugensalt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
RP Ruhl, D (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugensalt, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0028-2804
J9 NERVENARZT
JI Nervenarzt
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 72
IS 7
BP 535
EP 540
DI 10.1007/s001150170078
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 450KZ
UT WOS:000169743200008
PM 11478225
ER
PT J
AU Cuerva, AG
Sabe, L
Kuzis, G
Tiberti, C
Dorrego, F
Starkstein, SE
AF Cuerva, AG
Sabe, L
Kuzis, G
Tiberti, C
Dorrego, F
Starkstein, SE
TI Theory of mind and pragmatic abilities in dementia
SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAIN-DAMAGED PATIENTS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MENTAL STATE; CHILDREN;
RECOGNITION; ATTRIBUTION; REQUESTS; AUTISM; ADULTS; MEMORY
AB Objective: "Theory of Mind" (Tom) is the capacity to attribute mental states to oneself and to others and to interpret behavior in terms of mental states. Deficits in both ToM and pragmatic abilities have been described in patients with neurologic disorders, such as frontal lobe lesions and right hemisphere strokes, but have not been assessed in demented patients. Methods: This study examined ToM and pragmatic abilities in a consecutive series of 34 patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) using a second-order false belief story, I I short stories assessing understanding of social situations, and a test of pragmatic abilities assessing both indirect requests and conversational implications. Results: Sixty-five percent of AD patients with mild dementia could not pass a second-order false belief task, whereas no failures were found in a group of 10 age-comparable healthy controls. AD patients who did not pass the second-order false belief task had more severe deficits on tests of verbal anterograde memory, verbal comprehension, abstract thinking, and naming, as compared with AD patients who passed the task. AD patients also showed significantly more severe pragmatic deficits than age-comparable healthy controls, and there was a significant association between ToM and pragmatic deficits. On the other hand, there were no significant associations between ToM or pragmatic deficits, and behavioral problems frequently reported in AD such as depression, delusions, apathy, and irritability. Conclusions: This initial exploratory investigation demonstrated significant deficits in both ToM and pragmatic abilities in a consecutive series of AD patients with mild dementia.
C1 FLENI, Raul Carrea Inst Neurol Res, Dept Neuropsychiat, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Cuerva, AG (reprint author), FLENI, Raul Carrea Inst Neurol Res, Dept Neuropsychiat, Montaneses 2325, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
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NR 34
TC 35
Z9 36
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0894-878X
J9 NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE
JI Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol.
PD JUL-SEP
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 3
BP 153
EP 158
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 462GN
UT WOS:000170412500003
PM 11513098
ER
PT J
AU Van der Walt, JH
Moran, C
AF Van der Walt, JH
Moran, C
TI An audit of perioperative management of autistic children
SO PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA
LA English
DT Article
DE anaesthesia : children, autism; premedication : ketamine, midazolam
ID KETAMINE
AB Background: Autistic children are very difficult to manage in the hospital setting because they react badly to any change in routine.
Methods: We have developed a unique management program for autistic children admitted for medical and surgical procedures requiring a general anaesthetic. Details of each patient managed according to this program have been prospectively entered into an Autistic Register.
Results: An audit of this database shows that we have administered anaesthesia on 87 occasions for 59 autistic children over 4 years.
Conclusions: There is great variation in the severity of autism and hospital needs of these children. The focus is on early communication with the patient's families, flexibility to individualize the admission process and anaesthetic plan with admission and early discharge on the day of surgery whenever possible. Oral midazolam is an effective premedication for the milder cases and oral ketamine is the most reliable for moderate and severe cases. Comparison of oral midazolam and ketamine shows no significant different postoperative recovery and hospital discharge times. Routine intravenous fluids and antiemesis prophylaxis with removal of the i.v. cannula before return to the ward are also seen as important steps to decrease stress and smooth the postoperative phase. This program has also successfully been extended to the management of problem children due to other causes.
C1 Womens & Childrens Hosp, Paediat Day Surg Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Anaesthesia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
RP Van der Walt, JH (reprint author), Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Anaesthesia, 72 King William Rd, N Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
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GUTSTEIN HB, 1992, ANESTHESIOLOGY, V77, P605, DOI 10.1097/00000542-199209000-00037
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NR 9
TC 20
Z9 21
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1155-5645
J9 PAEDIATR ANAESTH
JI Paediatr. Anaesth.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 4
BP 401
EP 408
DI 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00688.x
PG 8
WC Anesthesiology; Pediatrics
SC Anesthesiology; Pediatrics
GA 452ZV
UT WOS:000169890500003
PM 11442855
ER
PT J
AU Kastner, JL
Gellin, BG
AF Kastner, JL
Gellin, BG
TI Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism: The rise (and fall?) of a
hypothesis
SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE;
VIRUS INFECTION; IN-UTERO; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; ABSENCE; DISORDER;
TISSUES
AB The authors provide an overview of the theory linking the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with the subsequent development of autism and review evidence that disproves this theory.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
RP Gellin, BG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
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NR 66
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0090-4481
J9 PEDIATR ANN
JI Pediatr. Annu.
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 7
BP 408
EP +
PG 9
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 477JN
UT WOS:000171280600005
PM 11469172
ER
PT J
AU Vancassel, S
Durand, G
Barthelemy, C
Lejeune, B
Martineau, J
Guilloteau, D
Andres, C
Chalon, S
AF Vancassel, S
Durand, G
Barthelemy, C
Lejeune, B
Martineau, J
Guilloteau, D
Andres, C
Chalon, S
TI Plasma fatty acid levels in autistic children
SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BLOOD-CELL MEMBRANES;
SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2 ACTIVITY;
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; CHOLESTERYL ESTERS;
DEPRESSED-PATIENTS; RETT-SYNDROME; METABOLISM
AB Phospholipid fatty acids are major structural components of neuronal cell membranes, which modulate membrane fluidity and hence function. Evidence from clinical and biochemical sources have indicated changes in the metabolism of fatty acids in several psychiatric disorders. We examined the phospholipid fatty acids in the plasma of a population of autistic subjects compared to mentally retarded controls. Our results showed a marked reduction in the levels of 22: 6n-3 (23%) in the autistic subjects, resulting in significantly lower levels of total (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20%), without significant reduction in the (n-6) PUFA series, and consequently a significant increase in the (n-6)/(n-3) ratio (25%). These variations are discussed in terms of potential differences in PUFA dietary intake, metabolism, or incorporation into cellular membranes between the two groups of subjects. These results open up interesting perspectives for the investigation of new biological indices in autism. Moreover, this might have new therapeutic implications in terms of child nutrition. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 INRA, Lab Nutr & Secur Alimentaire, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France.
CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, Serv Pedopsychiat, F-37044 Tours, France.
Fac Pharm, INSERM, U316, Lab Biophys Med & Pharmaceut, Tours, France.
Lab Biochim & Biol Mol, Tours, France.
Fac Med, Tours, France.
RP Vancassel, S (reprint author), INRA, Lab Nutr & Secur Alimentaire, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France.
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NR 55
TC 106
Z9 111
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0952-3278
J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS
JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids
PD JUL
PY 2001
VL 65
IS 1
BP 1
EP 7
DI 10.1054/plef.2001.0281
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology &
Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology &
Metabolism
GA 466CZ
UT WOS:000170627900001
PM 11487301
ER
PT J
AU Hill, A
Bolte, S
Petrova, G
Beltcheva, D
Tacheva, S
Poustka, F
AF Hill, A
Bolte, S
Petrova, G
Beltcheva, D
Tacheva, S
Poustka, F
TI Stability and interpersonal agreement of the interview-based diagnosis
of autism
SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; diagnostic stability; interpersonal agreement
ID RELIABILITY; INSTRUMENTS; DISORDER
AB Interpersonal agreement and stability of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was examined in this study. Four raters judging 55 subjects agreed moderately to excellently on the items of the diagnostic algorithm, operationalizing the main autistic symptoms according to the classification guidelines of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. When retesting 33 individuals, some items revealed only weak stability. On the level of domains of autistic behavior and diagnosis, the interrater reliability and retest reliability were consistently convincing. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
C1 Univ Sofia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany.
RP Poustka, F (reprint author), Klinikum JWG Univ Frankfurt AM, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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NR 19
TC 41
Z9 41
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0254-4962
J9 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
JI Psychopathology
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 4
BP 187
EP 191
DI 10.1159/000049305
PG 5
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 474UV
UT WOS:000171126000004
PM 11549928
ER
PT J
AU Eikeseth, S
Jahr, E
AF Eikeseth, S
Jahr, E
TI The UCLA reading and writing program: an evaluation of the beginning
stages
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; STIMULUS-EQUIVALENCE;
AUDITORY STIMULUS; COMPLEX STIMULI; INDIVIDUALS; RETARDATION; BEHAVIOR;
LANGUAGE; SAMPLE
AB Some individuals with developmental disabilities fail to acquire functional speech despite extensive teaching efforts. To help such individuals develop functional communication skills, a "reading and writing" program was developed, This study was designed to evaluate early parts of the program. Acquisition, transfer, and maintenance of "reading and writing" skills was examined and compared with the acquisition, transfer, and maintenance of sign language. Participants were four children with autism, who scored within the mentally retarded range on standardized tests of intellectual, adaptive, and language functioning, and three 3-year-old non-disabled children. A simultaneous-treatment design was employed to compare the rate of acquisition of "reading and writing" skills to the rate at which the participants acquired receptive and expressive signs. For the participants with autism, acquisition of "reading and writing" was more successful than receptive and expressive signing on all variables assessed. All non-disabled participants acquired all of the "reading and writing" and sign language skills, but participants with autism did not. However, "reading" was acquired slightly quicker by the participants with autism than the non-disabled participants, and the participants with autism also showed some evidence of better transfer and maintenance than the non-disabled participants did. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Akershus Coll, N-1302 Sandvika, Norway.
Glenne Ctr, N-1302 Sandvika, Norway.
RP Eikeseth, S (reprint author), Akershus Coll, POB 372, N-1302 Sandvika, Norway.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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WOLFF S, 1965, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V6, P29, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02152.x
NR 50
TC 12
Z9 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 4
BP 289
EP 307
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00073-7
PG 19
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 463DB
UT WOS:000170460600003
PM 11523953
ER
PT J
AU Chakrabarti, S
Fombonne, E
AF Chakrabarti, S
Fombonne, E
TI Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; ABNORMALITIES;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; INSTRUMENT; SPECTRUM
AB Context Prevalence rates of autism-spectrum disorders are uncertain, and speculation that their incidence is increasing continues to cause concern.
Objective To estimate the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) in a geographically defined population of preschool children.
Design, Setting, and Participants Survey conducted July 1998 to June 1999 in Staffordshire, England. The area's 15500 children aged 2.5 to 6.5 years were screened for developmental problems. Children with symptoms suggestive of a PDD were intensively assessed by a multidisciplinary team, which conducted standardized diagnostic interviews and administered psychometric tests.
Main Outcome Measure Prevalence estimates for subtypes of PDDs.
Results A total of 97 children (79.4% male) were confirmed to have a PDD. The prevalence of PDDs was estimated to be 62.6 (95% confidence interval, 50.8-76.3) per 10000 children. Prevalences were 16.8 per 10000 for autistic disorder and 45.8 per 10000 for other PDDs. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 months, and 81% were originally referred by health visitors (nurse specialists). Of the 97 children with a PDD, 25.8% had some degree of mental retardation and 9.3% had an associated medical condition.
Conclusions Our results suggest that rates of PDD are higher than previously reported. Methodological limitations in existing epidemiological investigations preclude interpretation of recent high rates as indicative of increased incidence of these disorders although this hypothesis requires further rigorous testing. Attention is nevertheless drawn to the important needs of a substantial minority of preschool children.
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, MRC,Child Psychiat Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
Cent Clin, Child Dev Ctr, Stafford, England.
RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, MRC,Child Psychiat Unit, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM e.fombonne@iop.kcl.ac.uk
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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*CA DEP DEV SERV, 2001, CHANG POP PERS QUT P
*CDCP, 2001, PREV AUT BRICK TOWNS
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NR 37
TC 573
Z9 590
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 27
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 24
BP 3093
EP 3099
DI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 444FF
UT WOS:000169388900022
PM 11427137
ER
PT J
AU Hyman, SL
Rodier, PM
Davidson, P
AF Hyman, SL
Rodier, PM
Davidson, P
TI Pervasive developmental disorders in young children
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISM
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
RP Hyman, SL (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Dept Pediat, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 671, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Arvidsson T., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P163, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012004
Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
*CDCP, 2001, PREV AUT BRICK TOWN
Chakrabarti S, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P3093, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093
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Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P411, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.2.411
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NR 18
TC 6
Z9 7
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 27
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 24
BP 3141
EP 3142
DI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3141
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 444FF
UT WOS:000169388900030
PM 11427145
ER
PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI MMR vaccination and autism: no temporal correlation?
SO INPHARMA
LA English
DT News Item
CR Dales L, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P2852
Edwardes M, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P2852, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.22.2852
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD
PI AUCKLAND
PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW
ZEALAND
SN 1173-8324
J9 INPHARMA
JI Inpharma
PD JUN 23
PY 2001
IS 1293
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
GA 447HB
UT WOS:000169564900031
ER
PT J
AU Wong, K
AF Wong, K
TI The search for autism's roots
SO NATURE
LA English
DT News Item
ID DISORDER; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; 15Q
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63
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NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 21
PY 2001
VL 411
IS 6840
BP 882
EP 884
DI 10.1038/35082228
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 444EN
UT WOS:000169386200014
PM 11418823
ER
PT J
AU Vastag, B
AF Vastag, B
TI Brain gene for autism
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 20
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 23
BP 2966
EP 2966
DI 10.1001/jama.285.23.2966
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 442AR
UT WOS:000169263200004
ER
PT J
AU Farrington, CP
Miller, E
Taylor, B
AF Farrington, CP
Miller, E
Taylor, B
TI MMR and autism: further evidence against a causal association
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; MMR; adverse events
ID CASE SERIES; VACCINE
AB The hypothesis that MMR vaccines cause autism was first raised by reports of cases in which developmental regression occurred soon after MMR vaccination. A previous study found no evidence to support this hypothesis. It has recently been suggested that MMR vaccine might cause autism, but that the induction interval need not be short. The data from the earlier study were reanalysed to test this second hypothesis. Our results do not support this hypothesis. and provide further evidence against a causal association between MMR vaccination and autism. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Open Univ, Dept Stat, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, Immunisat Div, London NW9 5EQ, England.
UCL, Ctr Community Child Hlth, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, London NW3 2QG, England.
RP Farrington, CP (reprint author), Open Univ, Dept Stat, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
EM c.p.farrington@open.ac.uk
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Farrington CP, 1996, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V143, P1165
Roger JH, 2000, LANCET, V356, P160, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73169-X
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
Taylor B, 2000, LANCET, V356, P1273, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73875-7
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WAKEFIELD AJ, 2000, 106 C US HOUS REPR C
NR 8
TC 86
Z9 86
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD JUN 14
PY 2001
VL 19
IS 27
BP 3632
EP 3635
DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00097-4
PG 4
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 443AQ
UT WOS:000169317500006
PM 11395196
ER
PT J
AU Dales, L
Hammer, SJ
Smith, NJ
AF Dales, L
Hammer, SJ
Smith, NJ
TI MMR immunization and autism - Reply
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Calif Dept Hlth, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Dales, L (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA USA.
CR *IMM SAF REV COMM, 2001, MEASL MUMPS RUB VACC
Kaye JA, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P460, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 13
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 22
BP 2852
EP 2853
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 440BP
UT WOS:000169156300013
ER
PT J
AU Edwardes, M
Baltzan, M
AF Edwardes, M
Baltzan, M
TI MMR immunization and autism
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Royal Victoria Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada.
RP Edwardes, M (reprint author), Royal Victoria Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada.
CR *CAL DEP DEV SERV, 1999, CHANG POP PERS AUT P
Dales L, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P1183, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1183
Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD JUN 13
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 22
BP 2852
EP 2852
DI 10.1001/jama.285.22.2852
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 440BP
UT WOS:000169156300012
PM 11401594
ER
PT J
AU Lauritsen, MB
Ewald, H
AF Lauritsen, MB
Ewald, H
TI The genetics of autism
SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; review; genetics; co-morbidity; chromosome abnormalities
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEROTONIN
TRANSPORTER 5-HTT; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; DSM-III-R;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; FAMILY HISTORY; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; MULTIPLEX
FAMILIES; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
AB Objective: To review systematically the empirical evidence for the involvement of genetic risk factors in infantile autism.
Method: We aimed at including all relevant papers written in English. We conducted a Medline search in September 2000. In addition we searched the reference lists of related papers.
Results: A relatively small number of reports including family and twin studies, comorbidity, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies were reviewed.
Conclusion: As well family, twin, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies supported the importance of genetic risk factors in infantile autism. In most individual cases probably at least a few gene variants simultaneously determine the genetic risk. Presently the most interesting chromosome regions concerning the aetiology of autism are chromosomes 7q31-35, 15q11-13 and 16p13.3 which have been suggested by different lines of genetic research.
C1 Univ Aarhus, Psychiat Hosp Aarhus, Inst Basic Psychiat Res, Dept Psychiat Demog, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.
RP Lauritsen, MB (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Psychiat Hosp Aarhus, Inst Basic Psychiat Res, Dept Psychiat Demog, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.
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NR 173
TC 76
Z9 80
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0001-690X
J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND
JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 103
IS 6
BP 411
EP 427
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00086.x
PG 17
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 435WX
UT WOS:000168906100002
PM 11401655
ER
PT J
AU Nylander, L
Gillberg, C
AF Nylander, L
Gillberg, C
TI Screening for autism spectrum disorders in adult psychiatric
out-patients: a preliminary report
SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger syndrome; prevalence; adults; psychiatry; screening
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TOTAL POPULATION; CHILDREN
AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among adult psychiatric out-patients; to evaluate the efficacy of a new brief screening questionnaire (ASDASQ).
Method: 1323 adult psychiatric out-patients were screened by staff. Analysis of psychiatric records of patients (n = 66) scoring high on the ASDASQ yielded 31 patients with a suspected ASD. Twenty-two of these patients were clinically examined. Three psychometric aspects of the questionnaire were studied.
Results: Seventeen patients were found by clinical examination to have an ASD. Since two patients scoring low on the ASDASQ were known to have an ASD, at least 19 patients in this population (1.4%) had a definite ASD. Seventeen of the ASD patients had been previously diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders, most frequently schizophrenia (n = 5). Of patients attending a treatment centre for severe psychiatric disabilities (n = 499), 3.2% had an ASD. The ASDASQ showed good reliability across and within raters. Internal consistency was excellent.
Conclusion: Adult psychiatric patients sometimes have undiagnosed autism spectrum disorders. The ASDASQ can be useful for screening.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Lund, Dept Psychiat, S-22101 Lund, Sweden.
RP Nylander, L (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kungsgaten 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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NR 31
TC 52
Z9 52
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0001-690X
J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND
JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 103
IS 6
BP 428
EP 434
DI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00175.x
PG 7
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 435WX
UT WOS:000168906100003
PM 11401656
ER
PT J
AU Herzing, LBK
Kim, SJ
Cook, EH
Ledbetter, DH
AF Herzing, LBK
Kim, SJ
Cook, EH
Ledbetter, DH
TI The human aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase gene ATP10C maps
adjacent to UBE3A and exhibits similar imprinted expression
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CANDIDATE GENE; PROXIMAL 15Q;
UBE3A/E6-AP; CHROMOSOME-15; MUTATIONS
AB Maternal duplications of the imprinted 15q11-13 domain result in an estimated 1%-2% of autism-spectrum disorders, and linkage to autism has been identified within 15q12-13. UBE3A, the Angelman syndrome gene, has, to date, been the only maternally expressed, imprinted gene identified within this region, but mutations have not been found in autistic patients. Here we describe the characterization of ATP10C, a new human imprinted gene, which encodes a putative protein homologous to the mouse aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase Atp10c. ATP10C maps within 200 kb distal to UBE3A and, like UBE3A, also demonstrates imprinted, preferential maternal expression in human brain. The location and imprinted expression of ATP10C thus make it a candidate for chromosome 15-associated autism and suggest that it may contribute to the Angelman syndrome phenotype.
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Lab Dev Neurosci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Ledbetter, DH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, 920 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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NR 20
TC 64
Z9 65
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 68
IS 6
BP 1501
EP 1505
DI 10.1086/320616
PG 5
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 439DB
UT WOS:000169094600021
PM 11353404
ER
PT J
AU Buxbaum, JD
Silverman, JM
Smith, CJ
Kilifarski, M
Reichert, J
Hollander, E
Lawlor, BA
Fitzgerald, M
Greenberg, DA
Davis, KL
AF Buxbaum, JD
Silverman, JM
Smith, CJ
Kilifarski, M
Reichert, J
Hollander, E
Lawlor, BA
Fitzgerald, M
Greenberg, DA
Davis, KL
TI Evidence for a susceptibility gene for autism on chromosome 2 and for
genetic heterogeneity
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-LOCUS APPROXIMATIONS; FAMILY HISTORY; MULTIPLEX FAMILIES;
LANGUAGE DISORDER; OLIGOGENIC TRAITS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; GENOMIC SCREEN;
LOD SCORES; TWIN; PHENOTYPE
AB Although there is considerable evidence for a strong genetic component to idiopathic autism, several genomewide screens for susceptibility genes have been performed with limited concordance of linked loci, reflecting either numerous genes of weak effect and/or sample heterogeneity. Because decreasing sample heterogeneity would increase the power to identify genes, the effect on evidence for linkage of restricting a sample of autism-affected relative pairs to those with delayed onset (at age >36 mo) of phrase speech (PSD, for phrase speech delay) was studied. In the second stage of a two-stage genome screen for susceptibility loci involving 95 families with two or more individuals with autism or related disorders, a maximal multipoint heterogeneity LOD score (HLOD) of 1.96 and a maximal multipoint nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 2.39 was seen on chromosome 2q. Restricting the analysis to the subset of families (n = 49) with two or more individuals having a narrow diagnosis of autism and PSD generated a maximal multipoint HLOD score of 2.99 and an NPL score of 3.32. The increased scores in the restricted sample, together with evidence for heterogeneity in the entire sample, indicate that the restricted sample comprises a population that is more genetically homogeneous, which could therefore increase the likelihood of positional cloning of susceptibility loci.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, New York, NY 10029 USA.
CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA.
St James Hosp, Dept Psychiat Elderly, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Trinity Coll, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland.
St Patricks Hosp, Dublin, Ireland.
RP Buxbaum, JD (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA.
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NR 35
TC 237
Z9 244
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 68
IS 6
BP 1514
EP 1520
DI 10.1086/320588
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 439DB
UT WOS:000169094600023
PM 11353400
ER
PT J
AU Williams, CA
Lossie, A
Driscoll, D
AF Williams, CA
Lossie, A
Driscoll, D
CA RC Philips Unit
TI Angelman syndrome: Mimicking conditions and phenotypes
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Angelman syndrome; mimicking conditions; phenotype; diagnosis
ID MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION; LENNOX-GASTAUT-SYNDROME; RETT-SYNDROME;
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; CLINICAL-FEATURES;
PRADER-WILLI; ATR-X; MUTATION; AUTISM
AB The diagnosis of Angelman syndrome (AS) can be confirmed by genetic laboratory in about 80% of cases. In 20%, the diagnosis remains clinical, but often there is uncertainty about the correctness of the clinical diagnosis and alternative diagnosis may be investigated. In evaluating individuals for AS in our center since 1989, we have encountered several mimicking conditions, and additional ones have been reported in the literature. Mimicking conditions can be grouped into the areas of chromosome, single gene, and symptom complex anomalies. Microdeletions or microduplications include chromosome regions 2,4,17, 22, and 15, Single gene conditions include methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFR), Rett syndrome, alpha-thalassemia retardation syndrome (ATR-X), and Gurrieri syndrome. Symptom complexes include cerebral palsy, static encephalopathy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental delay (PDD), and mitochondrial disorders. We present a review of these mimicking disorders to increase the awareness about conditions that can lead to an incorrect clinical diagnosis of AS. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Florida, Div Genet, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
RP Williams, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Div Genet, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
RI Lossie, Amy/D-2480-2009
OI Lossie, Amy/0000-0001-5078-7743
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NR 32
TC 59
Z9 61
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JUN 1
PY 2001
VL 101
IS 1
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1316
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 428EV
UT WOS:000168449300014
PM 11343340
ER
PT J
AU Lazartigues, A
Lemonnier, E
Le Roy, F
Moalic, K
Moalic, K
Baghdadli, A
Fermanian, J
Aussilloux, C
AF Lazartigues, A
Lemonnier, E
Le Roy, F
Moalic, K
Moalic, K
Baghdadli, A
Fermanian, J
Aussilloux, C
TI From the first signs of autism to the initial acceptance of care.
SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES
LA French
DT Article
DE autism; early signs; initial acceptance of care; initial
paedopsychiatric consultation
ID AGE; DISORDER; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; INFANCY; ONSET
AB Currently the diagnostis of autism takes place towards the 3rd year, however, when parents are questioned concerning the first signs, they had become concerned very much earlier, Paediatricians and general practitioners, who saw these children after the parents had observed problems, tended to reassure them, due to the fact that they lacked the necessary elements enabling them to give greater depth to their diagnostic questioning (decision tree lacked branches). The objective of this work is to specify age of the observation of the first signs by parents, age at initial paedopsychiatric consultation, age at the initial acceptance of care and the analyse factor wich influence those ages. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
C1 CHU Brest, Hop Bohars, F-29820 Bohars, France.
CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier 1, France.
CHU Necker, F-75015 Paris, France.
RP Lazartigues, A (reprint author), CHU Brest, Hop Bohars, F-29820 Bohars, France.
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NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MASSON EDITEUR
PI PARIS 06
PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE
SN 0003-4487
J9 ANN MED-PSYCHOL
JI Ann. Med.-Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 159
IS 5
BP 403
EP 410
DI 10.1016/S0003-4487(01)00065-8
PG 8
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology,
Multidisciplinary
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 462GG
UT WOS:000170411900009
ER
PT J
AU Baird, G
Charman, T
Cox, A
Baron-Cohen, S
Swettenham, J
Wheelwright, S
Drew, A
AF Baird, G
Charman, T
Cox, A
Baron-Cohen, S
Swettenham, J
Wheelwright, S
Drew, A
TI Screening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental
disorders
SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BEHAVIORAL
TREATMENT; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PARENTS CONCERNS;
RATING-SCALE; FOLLOW-UP; ADI-R
C1 Guys Kings Coll & St Thomas Med Sch, Newcomen Ctr, London, England.
Guys Kings Coll & St Thomas Med Sch, Bloomfield Clin, London, England.
UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England.
UCL, Dept Human Commun & Sci, London, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
RP Baird, G (reprint author), Guys & St Thomas Med Sch, Dept Paediat Neurol, Newcomen Ctr, St Thomas St, London SE1 9RT, England.
EM Gillian.Baird@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk
RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
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World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID
NR 77
TC 88
Z9 93
PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0003-9888
EI 1468-2044
J9 ARCH DIS CHILD
JI Arch. Dis. Child.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 84
IS 6
BP 468
EP 475
DI 10.1136/adc.84.6.468
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 439KY
UT WOS:000169117100006
PM 11369559
ER
PT J
AU Sprovieri, MHS
Assumpcao, FB
AF Sprovieri, MHS
Assumpcao, FB
TI Family dynamics of autist children
SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE familly; familiar relationship; autism
AB We studied 15 families with autists, 15 with Down's syndrome and 15 asymptomatic children. Patients' age ranged from 5 to 15 years-old. The parents of these three families' groups were appraised in regard to their family dynamics, to relate those symptoms to the functioning of an autist family, in a comparative study. Details were provided of the families, the overall autistic features, the autist's family, the family and the mental health, their limitations and difficulties throughout the vital cycle. An attempt was made to locale the factors that aid the family in hindering the healthy emotional development of its members. The field research was achieved by use of the instruments of the Family Dynamics Evaluation, (Carneiro, 1983). The data gathered were statistically compared. Considering the family population studied (n = 45), we found that the autists' families and victims of Down's syndrome made it difficult to sustain the emotional health of group members. We conclude that the autist's family dynamics caused difficulties to the emotional health of the group's members.
C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FMUSP, Inst Psiquiatria, Hosp Clin, Serv Psiquiatria Infancia & Adolscencia, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
CR ASSUMPCAO FB, 1991, INTRO ESTUDO DEFICIE
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1974, FAMILIAS FUNCIONAMEN
NR 29
TC 4
Z9 10
PU ASSOC ARQUIVOS DE NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO SP
PA PR AMADEU AMARAL 47/33, 01327-010 SAO PAULO SP, BRAZIL
SN 0004-282X
J9 ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT
JI Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 59
IS 2A
BP 230
EP 237
DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2001000200016
PG 8
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 436XC
UT WOS:000168960300016
PM 11400032
ER
PT J
AU Bruck, I
Antoniuk, SA
Halick, SMS
Spessatto, A
Bruyn, LR
Rodrigues, M
Koneski, J
Facchim, D
AF Bruck, I
Antoniuk, SA
Halick, SMS
Spessatto, A
Bruyn, LR
Rodrigues, M
Koneski, J
Facchim, D
TI Rett syndrome: retrospective and prospective study of 28 patients
SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE typical Rett syndrome; atypical Rett syndrome; epilepsy; autism;
milestone disturbances; hand stereotypies
ID GIRLS; PREVALENCE; CRITERIA
AB From November 1982 to May 1999, 28 children with Rett syndrome were followed-up for a medium period of 6 years and 2 months. Regression of developmental milestones started at the age between 5 and 20 months. Nineteen cases of typical Rett syndrome had uneventful pre and perinatal periods, loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills, mental and motor regression and developed hand stereotypies; sixteen had head growth deceleration and 12 gait apraxia. Nine patients were atypical cases, 2 formes frustres, 2 congenital, 3 with early seizure onset, 1 preserved speech and 1 male. Epilepsy was present in 21 patients, predominantly partial seizures and the drug of choise was carbamazepine (15 patients). In the initial evaluation most patients were distributed on Stages II and III and on follow-up on Stages III and IV. Three children died.
C1 Univ Fed Parana, HC, Dept Pediat, CENEP, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ASSOC ARQUIVOS DE NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO SP
PA PR AMADEU AMARAL 47/33, 01327-010 SAO PAULO SP, BRAZIL
SN 0004-282X
J9 ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT
JI Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 59
IS 2B
BP 407
EP 410
DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2001000300018
PG 4
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 451AV
UT WOS:000169779700018
PM 11460188
ER
PT J
AU Werth, A
Perkins, M
Boucher, J
AF Werth, A
Perkins, M
Boucher, J
TI 'Here's the weavery looming up': Verbal humour in a woman with
high-functioning autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; autism; creativity; verbal humour; word play
AB A case study of Grace, a 29-year-old woman with high-functioning autism, is presented. Grace is unusual for a person with autism in that she produces a great deal of humorous and creative word play. She is also unusual in that she writes and then audio-records letters' to her family, and produces copious cartoon-like drawings which she annotates, with the result that multiple examples of her humour are available in permanent form. We present examples of Graces use of puns, jokes, neologisms, portmanteau words, irreverent humour, irony, sarcasm and word play based on her obsessional interests. The examples are used to illustrate the forms and content of Grace's humour, and are discussed in relation to current theories of autism and of normal humour.
C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
Community Hlth S London NHS Trust, London, England.
Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Perkins, M (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
CR ASPERGER H, 1992, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37
Attardo Salvatore, 1994, LINGUISTIC THEORIES
Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY
Crystal David, 1998, LANGUAGE PLAY
Dowker A, 1996, PSYCHOL MED, V26, P913
Everard M. P., 1976, INT S AUT ST GALL SW
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Freud Sigmund, 1976, JOKES THEIR RELATION, VVI
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Happe FGE, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P207, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.007
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Klinger L. G., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P119
Koestler A., 1964, ACT CREATION
McGhee Paul E., 1979, HUMOR ITS ORIGIN DEV
Mesibov G., 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P143
Mindess H., 1971, LAUGHTER LIBERATION
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SCHULTZ TR, 1976, HUMOUR LAUGHTER THEO
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VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P417
Wing L., 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM GU
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 111
EP 125
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002002
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700001
PM 11706860
ER
PT J
AU Shah, K
AF Shah, K
TI What do medical students know about autism?
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; early diagnosis; medical training
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTERVENTION
AB Although recent research indicates the importance of early recognition and intervention for children with autism, it is clear that many families remain very dissatisfied with the diagnostic process. In order to improve this situation, it is essential that primary care practitioners, such as GPs, are fully aware of the core symptoms of autism.
The present study reports on autism awareness amongst 250 medical students at different stages of their training. Differences between first-year and fourth-year students were compared with respect to their knowledge of various aspects of autism, including diagnosis, cause, symptomatology, treatment and outcome. Fourth-year students were significantly more likely to respond correctly to questions related to diagnostic criteria and core symptoms. However no significant differences were found between first-year and fourth-year students for other aspects, such as possible causes, IQ profiles, prognosis and treatment. These findings suggest that more emphasis needs to be placed on teaching medical students about autism if diagnosis and access to intervention are to be improved.
C1 Care Of Professor P Howlon, Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, London SW17 0RE, England.
RP Shah, K (reprint author), Care Of Professor P Howlon, Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, London SW17 0RE, England.
CR Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x
BOLTON P, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V28, P385
EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x
Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508
Howlin P, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P834, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299001656
Howlin P, 1997, AUTISM, V1, P135, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361397012003
Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x
*NAT AUT SOC, 1997, MAN PEOPL HAV AUT SP
Ozonoff S, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P25, DOI 10.1023/A:1026006818310
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WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE
WING L, 1976, PSYCHOL MED, V6, P89
Wing L, 1993, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, V2, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02098832
NR 13
TC 21
Z9 22
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 127
EP 133
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002003
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700002
PM 11706861
ER
PT J
AU Grant, CM
Grayson, A
Boucher, J
AF Grant, CM
Grayson, A
Boucher, J
TI Using tests of false belief with children with autism: how valid and
reliable are they?
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; false belief; reliability; theory of mind; validity
ID TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MIND ABILITIES;
INDIVIDUALS; TASKS; KNOWLEDGE
AB Twenty-two children with autism were given four tests of false belief understanding: the Sally-Anne task, two variants of the deceptive box task, and the three boxes task. The overall consistency of the children's performance was high, 77 percent of the participants either passing or failing all of the tasks. The convergent validity (across-task consistency) of the deceptive box and the three boxes paradigms was high, and the convergent validity of the three boxes and Sally-Anne tasks was also acceptable. However, a weaker level of convergent validity was found for the deceptive box and Sally-Anne tasks, suggesting that these paradigms test slightly different aspects of cognition. The reliability (within-child consistency) of the children's performances across two versions of the deceptive box task was high. These findings are discussed in terms of their practical implications for practitioners and researchers.
C1 Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Grant, CM (reprint author), Queens Med Ctr, South Block,Floor E, Nottingham NG7 2UG, England.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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Vygotsky Lev Semyonovitch, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER
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Yirmiya N, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P1003, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01497.x
Zelazo PD, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P479, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01429.x
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 135
EP 145
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002004
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700003
PM 11706862
ER
PT J
AU Blackshaw, AJ
Kinderman, P
Hare, DJ
Hatton, C
AF Blackshaw, AJ
Kinderman, P
Hare, DJ
Hatton, C
TI Theory of mind, causal attribution and paranoia in Asperger syndrome
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; causal attributions; paranoia; theory of mind
ID SITUATIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS; PERSECUTORY DELUSIONS; SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS;
DEPRESSION; MEMORY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISCREPANCIES; AUTISM; PEOPLE; MODEL
AB Theory of mind (ToM) deficits are central to autistic spectrum disorders, including Asperger syndrome. Research in psychotic disorders has developed a cognitive model of paranoid delusions involving abnormal causal attributions for negative events. Possible aetiologies of these include deficits in social reasoning, specifically ToM. The present study investigated this attributional model of paranoia in Asperger syndrome. Participants diagnosed with Asperger syndrome scored significantly higher on a measure of paranoia and lower on a measure of ToM, compared with the control group. They did not differ in self-concept and causal attributions, contrary to the attributional model of paranoia. A regression analysis highlighted private self-consciousness as the only predictor of paranoia. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Clin Psychol, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England.
Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England.
RP Kinderman, P (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Clin Psychol, Whelan Bldg,Quadrangle,Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, Merseyside, England.
RI Hatton, Chris/C-1924-2013
OI Hatton, Chris/0000-0001-8781-8486
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709
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NR 33
TC 50
Z9 51
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 147
EP 163
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002005
PG 17
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700004
PM 11706863
ER
PT J
AU Shu, BC
Lung, FW
Tien, AY
Chen, BC
AF Shu, BC
Lung, FW
Tien, AY
Chen, BC
TI Executive function deficits in non-retarded autistic children
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; executive function; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
ID CARD SORTING TEST; FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; DEVELOPMENTAL NORMS;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; TEST-PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS; PARENTS; MIND; MEN
AB The purpose of this study was to examine differences between Taiwanese children with autism and their typically developing peers on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Twenty-six children with autism of normal IQ were included, and matched for chronological age with 52 controls. The WCST scores of the typically developing children were significantly higher for categories completed and percent conceptual level than in the autism group. Scores on perseverative responses, perseverative errors, the number of trials to complete the first category and non-perseverative errors were significantly higher in the autism group. The implications of these findings are discussed.
C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Sch Nursing, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
Mil Kaohsiung Gen Hosp, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Shu, BC (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Sch Nursing, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
CR ANDERSON SW, 1991, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V13, P909, DOI 10.1080/01688639108405107
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Dawson G, 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO
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NR 35
TC 28
Z9 30
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 165
EP 174
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002006
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700005
PM 11706864
ER
PT J
AU Tjus, T
Heimann, M
Nelson, KE
AF Tjus, T
Heimann, M
Nelson, KE
TI Interaction patterns between children and their teachers when using a
specific multimedia and communication strategy - Observations from
children with autism and mixed intellectual disabilities
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; communication; intellectual disabilities; interaction;
multimedia
ID SKILLS; MICROCOMPUTER
AB This study reports on observed interaction patterns between 20 children with autism and mixed intellectual disabilities (mean chronological age = 11:4 years; language age = 4:7 years) and their nine teachers working with a specially developed multimedia program aiming to increase literacy skills. An increase in verbal expression was found over time for the total group. Children with autism also showed increased enjoyment and willingness to seek help from their teachers. Teachers for both diagnostic groups reduced their instructions on how to handle the computer during the program but the decrease was greater in the teachers for children with autism. When the total group of children was subdivided according to language age (high versus low), it appears that those with a low language age showed an increase in verbal expressiveness from start to end of training. Those with a high language age showed increased enjoyment. It is concluded that more detailed studies of the interaction patterns between teachers and children are needed, and these should be related to children's language level as well as to diagnostic group.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Tjus, T (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, Box 500, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
BERNARD-OPITZ V, 1990, Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, V19, P611
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NR 22
TC 15
Z9 18
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 175
EP 187
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002007
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700006
PM 11706865
ER
PT J
AU McGregor, E
Campbell, E
AF McGregor, E
Campbell, E
TI The attitudes of teachers in Scotland to the integration of children
with autism into mainstream schools
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; integration; teachers' attitudes
ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION; STUDENTS; STRATEGIES; PEERS
AB Around 4600 school-age children in Scotland fall within the spectrum of autistic disorders, of whom 780 have been identified in schools. This study sought the views of 23 specialist and 49 mainstream teachers, 22 with experience of autism, 27 without. They were questioned about the advantages and disadvantages of integration into mainstream for autistic children, their own ability to cope and predictors of success. Questionnaires were issued to special units and to mainstream primary and secondary schools. A minority of mainstream respondents believed children with autism should be integrated where possible. Mainstream teachers with experience of autism showed more confidence to deal with the children than those without experience. Many expressed concerns about effects on mainstream pupils but most were willing to undertake more training. Specialist teachers were more positive, although they acknowledged possible disadvantages for both groups of children and stressed that the success of integration depends on the individual child.
C1 Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
Univ Abertay, Dundee, Scotland.
RP McGregor, E (reprint author), Children Scotland, 5 Shandwick Pl, Edinburgh EH2 4RG, Midlothian, Scotland.
CR BARBER C, 1996, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V23, P19, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8578.1996.tb00938.x
BURACK J, 1997, HDB AUTISM DEV DISOR
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*SCOTT EX STAT, 1999, SUMM RES SEPT 1998 S
STAINBACK S, 1992, CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
WHINNERY KW, 1991, REM SPEC EDUC, V12, P6
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 189
EP 207
PG 19
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700007
PM 11706866
ER
PT J
AU Weiskop, S
Matthews, J
Richdale, A
AF Weiskop, S
Matthews, J
Richdale, A
TI Treatment of sleep problems in a 5-year-old boy with autism using
behavioural principles
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; behavioural; intervention; parent training; sleep problems
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION; BEDTIME; INFANTS;
WAKING
AB This article presents a case study which is part of a larger project on sleep problems in children with autism. The successful treatment of sleep problems (night settling, night waking, and co-sleeping) in a boy of 5 years 4 months with autism is described. The intervention was based on behavioural principles and involved the parents attending an individually-run parent training programme. The programme consisted of an interview, three weekly training sessions and a review session. The parents learned how to use a bedtime routine, reinforcement, effective instructions, partner support strategies and extinction procedures. Once the techniques were implemented, the child learned how to settle himself to bed and how to sleep alone for the entire night. For this child, the results of the sleep programme were clinically significant as measured by a scale of goal achievement, and were maintained at a 3 month and a 12 month follow-up.
C1 RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol & Disabil Studies, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
RP Richdale, A (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol & Disabil Studies, POB 71, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
CR ADAMS LA, 1989, PEDIATRICS, V84, P756
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Sanders MR, 1993, BEHAV FAMILY INTERVE
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ZUCKERMAN B, 1987, PEDIATRICS, V80, P664
NR 37
TC 21
Z9 21
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 209
EP 221
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002009
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700008
PM 11706867
ER
PT J
AU Wheelwright, S
Baron-Cohen, S
AF Wheelwright, S
Baron-Cohen, S
TI The link between autism and skills such as engineering, maths, physics
and computing - A reply to Jarrold and Routh, Autism, 1998, 2 (3): 281-9
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE domain specificity; folk physics; folk psychology; genetics; parental
occupation; phenotype
AB In the first edition of this journal, we published a paper reporting that fathers and grandfathers of children with autism were over-represented in the field of engineering (Baron-Cohen et al., 1997). This result was interpreted as providing supporting evidence for the folk-psychology/folk-physics theory of autism. After carrying out further analyses on the same data, Jarrold and Routh (1998) found that fathers of children with autism were also over-represented in accountancy and science. They suggested that these results could either provide additional support for the folk-psychology/folk-physics theory or be accounted for by an over-representation of professionals amongst the fathers of children with autism. Here we present evidence that engineers are still over-represented among fathers of children with autism, even taking into account the professional bias.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Wheelwright, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Autism Res Ctr, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
CR Baron-Cohen S, 1999, NEUROCASE, V5, P475, DOI 10.1080/13554799908402743
BARONCOHEN S, IN PRESS J DEV LEARN
Baron-Cohen S, 2000, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V12, P489, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400003126
Baron-Cohen S., 1998, AUTISM, V2, P296, DOI 10.1177/1362361398023008
BARONCOHEN S, 1997, CHILDRENS THEORIES
Baron-Cohen Simon, 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER
Baron-Cohen Simon, 1997, AUTISM, V1, P101, DOI 10.1177/1362361397011010
FOLSTEIN SE, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P3, DOI 10.1007/BF02211815
Happe F, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P216, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01318-2
JARROLD C, 1997, AUTISM, V1, P101
NR 10
TC 17
Z9 18
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 223
EP 227
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002010
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700009
PM 11706868
ER
PT J
AU Jones, R
AF Jones, R
TI Autism facts and strategies for parents
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Coll N Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
RP Jones, R (reprint author), Univ Coll N Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
CR JANZEN JE, 1999, AUTISM FACTS STRATEG
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 2
BP 232
EP 232
DI 10.1177/1362361301005002014
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GH
UT WOS:000171809700013
ER
PT J
AU Van Camp, CM
Vollmer, TR
Daniel, D
AF Van Camp, CM
Vollmer, TR
Daniel, D
TI A systematic evaluation of stimulus preference, response effort, and
stimulus control in the treatment of automatically reinforced
self-injury
SO BEHAVIOR THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; BEHAVIOR
AB Environmental enrichment (EE) was evaluated as treatment for the automatically reinforced self-injurious behavior (SIB) of a 13-year-old male diagnosed with autism. First, a functional analysis determined that the participant's SIB persisted in the absence of social consequences. Next, EE was implemented as treatment and various components of the intervention were manipulated. The results suggested that three factors were correlated with increased EE efficacy. stimulus preference, response effort, and inhibitory stimulus control.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Vollmer, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
CR Ellingson SA, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P41, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-41
HORNER RD, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P473, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-473
Irvin DS, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P375, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-375
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IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
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NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY
PI NEW YORK
PA 305 7TH AVE #16A, NEW YORK, NY 10001-6008 USA
SN 0005-7894
J9 BEHAV THER
JI Behav. Therapy
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 3
BP 603
EP 613
DI 10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80037-X
PG 11
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 473VF
UT WOS:000171068500010
ER
PT J
AU Bachevalier, J
Malkova, L
Mishkin, M
AF Bachevalier, J
Malkova, L
Mishkin, M
TI Effects of selective neonatal temporal lobe lesions on socioemotional
behavior in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID KLUVER-BUCY SYNDROME; HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE; RECOGNITION MEMORY; VISUAL
RECOGNITION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; LIMBIC LESIONS; AUTISM; AMYGDALA;
CHILDREN; CORTEX
AB Normal infant monkeys and infant monkeys with neonatal damage to either the medial temporal lobe or the inferior temporal visual area were assessed in dyadic social interactions at 2 and 6 months of age, Unlike the normal infant monkeys, which developed strong affiliative bonds and little or no behavioral disturbances, the lesioned monkeys (each of which was observed with an unoperated control) exhibited socioemotional abnormalities and aberrant behaviors. The socioemotional changes predominated at 6 months of age and were particularly severe in monkeys with medial temporal lesions. In both the pattern and time course, the socioemotional deficits produced by the neonatal medial temporal lesions bear a striking resemblance to the behavioral syndrome in children with autism. Further analysis of these lesion-induced abnormalities in nonhuman primates may therefore provide insight into this debilitating human developmental disorder.
C1 NIMH, Neuropsychol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Bachevalier, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
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NR 88
TC 38
Z9 39
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0735-7044
J9 BEHAV NEUROSCI
JI Behav. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 115
IS 3
BP 545
EP 559
DI 10.1037//0735-7044.115.3.545
PG 15
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 471DC
UT WOS:000170911500002
PM 11439445
ER
PT J
AU Gergely, G
AF Gergely, G
TI The obscure object of desire: 'Nearly, but clearly not, like me':
Contingency preference in normal children versus children with autism
SO BULLETIN OF THE MENNINGER CLINIC
LA English
DT Article
ID MIND; PERCEPTION; INFANCY
AB The author describes the central role of contingency detection in early socioemotional development. It has been proposed (Gergely & Watson, 1999) that infants are innately equipped with a complex perceptual mechanism, the "contingency detection module," which functions to establish the primary representation of the bodily self as well as the later orientation toward reactive social objects. According to the "contingency switch" model, the target value of the module that is initially genetically set to preferentially explore perfectly response-contingent stimulation is "switched" at around 3 months toward a preference for less-than-perfect social contingencies. It is hypothesized that the primary cause of childhood autism is a genetic defect, due to which the normal process of switching contingency preference at around 3 months does not take place. Preliminary results front an experimental study to test this model are reported. The study contrasts the preferential reactions of normal children and children with autism to perfect versus imitative (high-but-imperfect) contingencies. The results provide support for the contingency switch hypothesis of the etiology of childhood autism.
C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, H-1394 Budapest, Hungary.
Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Dept Dev Res, H-1394 Budapest, Hungary.
Menninger Clin, Child & Family Ctr, Topeka, KS USA.
RP Gergely, G (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, POB 398, H-1394 Budapest, Hungary.
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NR 36
TC 28
Z9 31
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0025-9284
J9 B MENNINGER CLIN
JI Bull. Menninger Clin.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 65
IS 3
BP 411
EP 426
DI 10.1521/bumc.65.3.411.19853
PG 16
WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Psychoanalysis
SC Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 465HN
UT WOS:000170583700010
PM 11531136
ER
PT J
AU Corbett, B
Khan, K
Czapansky-Beilman, D
Brady, N
Dropik, P
Goldman, DZ
Delaney, K
Sharp, H
Mueller, I
Shapiro, E
Ziegler, R
AF Corbett, B
Khan, K
Czapansky-Beilman, D
Brady, N
Dropik, P
Goldman, DZ
Delaney, K
Sharp, H
Mueller, I
Shapiro, E
Ziegler, R
TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study investigating the
effect of porcine secretin in children with autism
SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISORDER
AB Objectives: A recent patient series reported the incidental findings of improved social and language skills in 3 children with autistic spectrum disorders after the administration of secretin, a peptide hormone. However, a subsequent study did not find evidence for a drug effect, Parents are seeking treatment with secretin despite the absence of empirical investigations demonstrating amelioration in autism symptomology. In order to more precisely measure the effects of secretin, this study investigated the effect of a single intravenous dose of porcine secretin on 12 autistic children through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Children were assessed on objective language and on social, neuropsychological, and gastrointestinal measures to evaluate drug effects. The study was conducted over a 16-week trial. The results: indicated that significant differences were not observed on the majority of the dependent variables. Statistically significant differences were observed on measures of positive affect and activity level following secretin infusion. In general, the autistic children did not demonstrate the improvements described in the initial retrospective report.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Pediat Neurol, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Commun Disorders, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Corbett, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Pediat Neurol, Dept Pediat, Mayo Mail Code 486,420 Delaware St,SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
GORDON CT, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P441
Horvath K, 1998, J Assoc Acad Minor Phys, V9, P9
Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB
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Thorndike R. L., 1986, STANFORDBINET INTELL
Wetherby A. M., 1990, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL
NR 15
TC 22
Z9 23
PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC
PI GLEN HEAD
PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA
SN 0009-9228
J9 CLIN PEDIATR
JI Clin. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 6
BP 327
EP 331
DI 10.1177/000992280104000604
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 445QJ
UT WOS:000169468500004
PM 11824175
ER
PT J
AU Dyck, MJ
Ferguson, K
Shochet, IM
AF Dyck, MJ
Ferguson, K
Shochet, IM
TI Do autism spectrum disorders differ from each other and from
non-spectrum disorders on emotion recognition tests?
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum; empathic ability; emotion recognition; theory of mind;
developmental disorder
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; STORY
CHARACTERS; MIND DEVELOPMENT; NORMAL-CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES;
BELIEFS; IMPAIRMENT
AB We tested whether dimensional measures of empathic ability, theory of mind, and intelligence would differentiate autism spectrum disorders from each other and from non-spectrum disorders. Tests were administered to children with a diagnosis of Autistic Disorder (AutD; n = 20), Asperger's Disorder (AspD; n = 28), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Inattentive Type) (ADHD; n = 35), Mental Retardation (Mild) (MR; n = 34), Anxiety Disorder (AnxD; n = 14), or No Psychological Disorder (NPD; n = 36). Results showed that empathic ability discriminated among groups on the autism spectrum (AutD < AspD < NPD). Because empathic ability is not independent of intelligence (AutD < AspD < NPD on intelligence; MR < ADHD < NPD on empathic ability), both dimensions are necessary to discriminate autism spectrum from non-spectrum disorders. When intelligence is covaried, empathic ability discriminated Auto, but not AspD, from other disorders (AutD < MR < ADHD < NPD = AnxD = AspD).
C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Psychol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
Griffith Univ, Sch Appl Psychol, Mt Gravatt, Qld 4111, Australia.
RP Dyck, MJ (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Psychol, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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NR 54
TC 75
Z9 74
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 2
BP 105
EP 116
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 447LK
UT WOS:000169574700002
PM 11469282
ER
PT J
AU Buchsbaum, MS
Hollander, E
Haznedar, MM
Tang, C
Spiegel-Cohen, J
Wei, TC
Solimando, A
Buchsbaum, BR
Robins, D
Bienstock, C
Cartwright, C
Mosovich, S
AF Buchsbaum, MS
Hollander, E
Haznedar, MM
Tang, C
Spiegel-Cohen, J
Wei, TC
Solimando, A
Buchsbaum, BR
Robins, D
Bienstock, C
Cartwright, C
Mosovich, S
TI Effect of fluoxetine on regional cerebral metabolism in autistic
spectrum disorders: a pilot study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE positron emission tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor; cingulate gyrus; orbitofrontal cortex;
autism; Asperger's syndrome
ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM;
PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DOUBLE-BLIND; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SERTRALINE; PLACEBO;
BRAIN
AB The regional metabolic effects of fluoxetine were examined in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Six adult patients with DSM-IV and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) diagnoses of autism (n = 5) and Asperge's syndrome (n = 1), entered a 16-wk placebo-controlled cross-over trial of fluoxetine. The patients received F-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography with co-registered magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at the end of the period of fluoxetine administration. After treatment, the patients showed significant improvement on the scores of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - Obsessions subscale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale; Clinical Global Impressions - Autism scores showed 3 of the patients much improved and 3 unchanged. Relative metabolic rates were significantly higher in the right frontal lobe following fluoxetine, especially in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the orbitofrontal cortex. Patients with higher metabolic rates in the medial frontal region and anterior cingulate when unmedicated were more likely to respond favourably to fluoxetine. These results are consistent with those in depression indicating that higher cingulate gyrus metabolic rates at baseline predict SRI response.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Neurosci PET Lab, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Buchsbaum, MS (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Neurosci PET Lab, Box 1505,4 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th
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NR 28
TC 50
Z9 51
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 1461-1457
J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH
JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 4
IS 2
BP 119
EP 125
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 452HU
UT WOS:000169852900003
PM 11466160
ER
PT J
AU Mayes, SD
Calhoun, SL
Crites, DL
AF Mayes, SD
Calhoun, SL
Crites, DL
TI Does DSM-IV Asperger's disorder exist?
SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's disorder or syndrome; autism; DSM-IV
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES;
CONVERGENCE; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY
AB DSM-IV criteria for autistic and Asperger's disorders were applied to 157 children with clinical diagnoses of autism or Asperger's disorder. All children met the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder and none met criteria for Asperger's disorder, including those with normal intelligence and absence of early speech delay. The reason for this was that all children had social impairment and restricted and repetitive behavior and interests (required DSM-IV symptoms for both autistic and Asperger's disorders) and all had a DSM-IV-communication impairment (which then qualified them for a diagnosis of autistic disorder and not Asperger's disorder). Communication problems exhibited by all children were impaired conversational speech or repetitive, stereotyped, or idiosyncratic speech (or both), which are DSM-IV criteria for autism. These findings are consistent with those of 5 other studies and indicate that a DSM-IV diagnosis of Asperger's disorder is unlikely or impossible.
C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
RP Mayes, SD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709
Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
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NR 48
TC 94
Z9 96
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0091-0627
J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH
JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 29
IS 3
BP 263
EP 271
DI 10.1023/A:1010337916636
PG 9
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 440ZQ
UT WOS:000169206900008
PM 11411788
ER
PT J
AU Graham, G
AF Graham, G
TI Music and autism
SO JOURNAL OF AESTHETIC EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
C1 Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland.
RP Graham, G (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland.
CR Evans K., 1998, INSCAPE, V3, P17, DOI 10.1080/17454839808413055
Grandin T., 1996, EMERGENCE LABELED AU
Sacks O., 1995, ANTHROPOLOGIST MARS
Sacks Oliver, 1985, MAN WHO MISTOOK HIS
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1325 S OAK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA
SN 0021-8510
J9 J AESTHET EDUC
JI J. Aesthet. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 35
IS 2
BP 39
EP 47
DI 10.2307/3333671
PG 9
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA 462HT
UT WOS:000170415200004
ER
PT J
AU Hagopian, LP
Wilson, DM
Wilder, DA
AF Hagopian, LP
Wilson, DM
Wilder, DA
TI Assessment and treatment of problem behavior maintained by escape from
attention and access to tangible items
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE functional analysis; negative reinforcement; autism
ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS
AB The results obtained from two consecutive functional analyses conducted with a 6-year-old child wit h autism are described. In the initial functional analysis, the highest rates of problem behavior occurred in the play condition. In that condition, the delivery of attention appeared to occasion problem behaviors. A second functional analysis was conducted wherein an escape from attention condition and a tangible condition were added. In the second functional analysis, higher rates of responding were observed in the escape from attention and tangible conditions. The results suggested that problem behavior was maintained by negative reinforcement in the form of escape from attention and positive reinforcement in the form of gaining access to preferred tangible items. Problem behavior was treated using functional communication training combined with noncontingent reinforcement.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Hagopian, LP (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
CR CARR EG, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P393, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-393
IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
TAYLOR JC, 1992, BEHAV MODIF, V16, P305, DOI 10.1177/01454455920163002
NR 3
TC 32
Z9 32
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 2
BP 229
EP 232
DI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-229
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 441ZB
UT WOS:000169258500011
PM 11421317
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, MM
Wilczynski, SM
Moore, JW
Fusilier, I
Trahant, D
AF Mueller, MM
Wilczynski, SM
Moore, JW
Fusilier, I
Trahant, D
TI Antecedent manipulations in a tangible condition effects of stimulus
preference on aggression
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE aggression; antecedent manipulations; functional analysis; positive
reinforcement
ID SELF-INJURY
AB After a functional analysis indicated that aggression of an 8-year-old boy with autism was maintained by access to preferred items, antecedent manipulations involving the relative preference of restrict-ed and noncontingently available stimuli were conducted. Restricting highly preferred items evoked the highest rates of aggression regardless of the preference level of the noncontingently available alternative items. Restricting less preferred stimuli was associated with moderate rates of aggression even when the alternative items were more preferred.
C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
RP Wilczynski, SM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Box 5025, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
CR AZRIN NH, 1966, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V9, P191, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-191
Fischer SM, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P239, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-239
IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
Smith RG, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P515, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-515
NR 4
TC 15
Z9 15
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 2
BP 237
EP 240
DI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-237
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 441ZB
UT WOS:000169258500013
PM 11421319
ER
PT J
AU Ozonoff, S
Strayer, DL
AF Ozonoff, S
Strayer, DL
TI Further evidence of intact working memory in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE executive functions; high-functioning autism; working memory
ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS;
DISORDERS; MIND
AB Earlier investigations have found mixed evidence of working memory impairment in autism. The present study examined working memory in a high-functioning autistic sample, relative to both a clinical control group diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome and a typically developing control group. No group differences were found across three tasks and five dependent measures of working memory. Performance was significantly correlated with both age and IQ. It is concluded that working memory is not one of the executive functions that is seriously impaired in autism. We also suggest that the format of administration of working memory tasks may be important in determining whether or not performance falls in the impaired range.
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Ozonoff, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, 390 South,1530 East,Room 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 24
TC 111
Z9 115
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 257
EP 263
DI 10.1023/A:1010794902139
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000002
PM 11518480
ER
PT J
AU Hauck, JA
Dewey, D
AF Hauck, JA
Dewey, D
TI Hand preference and motor functioning in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; hand preference; motor functioning
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HANDEDNESS; SUBTYPES; LANGUAGE;
ABILITY; SKILL
AB This study examined three theories that have been proposed to explain the hi, gh rates of ambiguous hand preference in young children with autism. Twenty children wa autism were matched with 20 children with developmental delays and 20 normally developing children. The groups were compared on measures of hand preference and motor skills. Results indicated that the lack of development of a hand preference in children with autism was not a direct function of their cognitive delay, as the children with developmental delays showed a dissimilar pattern of hand preference. The lack of a definite hand preference in the children with autism was also not due to a lack of motor skill development, as the children with developmental delays displayed similar levels of gross and fine motor skills without the accompanying lack of a definite hand preference. The finding that children with autism with a definite hand preference displayed better performance on motor, language, and cognitive tasks than children with autism who did not display a definite hand preference. however, provided support for the bilateral brain dysfunction hypothesis.
C1 Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Behav Res Unit, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.
RP Dewey, D (reprint author), Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Behav Res Unit, 1820 Richmond Rd SW, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.
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NR 41
TC 37
Z9 38
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 265
EP 277
DI 10.1023/A:1010791118978
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000003
PM 11518481
ER
PT J
AU Eaton, WW
Mortensen, PB
Thomsen, PH
Frydenberg, M
AF Eaton, WW
Mortensen, PB
Thomsen, PH
Frydenberg, M
TI Obstetric complications and risk for severe psychopathology in childhood
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's Syndrome; obstetric complications; psychiatric case
register
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME
AB The purpose of the study was to assess the association of obstetric complications with risk for mental disorders resulting in hospitalization before the age of 15. Records from all births in Denmark from 1973 through 1993 were linked to records of all psychiatric hospitalizations, Diagnoses were grouped into seven broad categories. A reference population of 10% of births in Denmark from 1973 to 1990 was used for comparison. Obstetric complications were associated with the range of mental disorders occurring in childhood. The strongest predictors were a variable indicating the interaction of birth weight with speed of growth and the 5-minute Apgar score. There was no diagnostic group that stood out as different with respect to obstetric complications. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of the continuum of reproductive casualty.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark.
Aarhus Univ, Detp Child Psychiat, Aarhus, Denmark.
Aarhus Univ, Dept Biostat, Aarhus, Denmark.
RP Eaton, WW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 624 N Broadway,880 Hampton House, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
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NR 13
TC 78
Z9 81
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 279
EP 285
DI 10.1023/A:1010743203048
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000004
PM 11518482
ER
PT J
AU Mostert, MP
AF Mostert, MP
TI Facilitated Communication since 1995: A review of published studies
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Review
DE facilitated communication; autism; literature review
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; CHILDREN; SCIENCE; WORDS; INDIVIDUALS;
PERSPECTIVE; AUTHORSHIP; STUDENTS; VALIDITY
AB Previous reviews of Facilitated Communication (FC) studies have clearly established that proponents' claims are largely unsubstantiated and that using FC as an intervention for communicatively impaired or noncommunicative individuals is not recommended. However, while FC is less prominent than in the recent past, investigations of the technique's efficacy continue. This review examines published FC studies since the previous major reviews by Jacobson, Mulick, and Schwartz (1995) and Simpson and Myles (1995a). Findings support the conclusions of previous reviews. Furthermore, this review critiques and discounts the claims of two studies purporting to offer empirical evidence of FC efficacy using control procedures.
C1 Old Dominion Univ, Darden Coll Educ, Dept Early Childhood Speech Language Pathol & Spe, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
RP Mostert, MP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Darden Coll Educ, Dept Early Childhood Speech Language Pathol & Spe, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
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NR 80
TC 64
Z9 64
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 287
EP 313
DI 10.1023/A:1010795219886
PG 27
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000005
PM 11518483
ER
PT J
AU Delprato, DJ
AF Delprato, DJ
TI Comparisons of discrete-trial and normalized behavioral language
intervention for young children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; children; behavioral interventions; discrete-trial treatment;
normalized treatment; language intervention
ID RESPONSE-REINFORCER RELATIONSHIPS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPEECH;
ACQUISITION; PARADIGM; PARENTS
AB This critical review examined a series of 10 controlled studies in which traditional operant behavioral procedures were compared with more recently developed normalized interventions for teaching language to young children with autism. Main characteristics of the older treatments include highly structured direct teaching sessions of discrete trials, teacher initiation, artificial reinforcers, and response shaping. Normalized interventions consist of loosely structured sessions of indirect teaching with everyday situations, child initiation, natural reinforcers, and liberal criteria for presentation of reinforcers. The main conclusion was that in all eight studies with language criterion responses, normalized language training was more effective than discrete-trial training. Furthermore, in both studies that assessed parental affect, normalized treatment yielded more positive affect than discrete-trial training.
C1 Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA.
RP Delprato, DJ (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA.
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NR 47
TC 60
Z9 60
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 315
EP 325
DI 10.1023/A:1010747303957
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000006
PM 11518484
ER
PT J
AU Hastings, RP
Johnson, E
AF Hastings, RP
Johnson, E
TI Stress in UK families conducting intensive home-based behavioral
intervention for their young child with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE applied behavior analysis; early intervention; parental stress; parental
beliefs
ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PARENTS; CHECKLIST;
DISORDER; MOTHERS; CARE; PREDICTORS; DEPRESSION; RESOURCES
AB There is increasing international interest in intensive home-based behavioral intervention for children with autism. In the present study, 141 UK parents conducting such interventions completed a questionnaire addressing issues of stress, coping, and support. Regression analyses showed that parents' stress levels were predicted mainly by psychological rather than demographic variables. In particular, adaptive coping strategies, informal social support sources, and beliefs about the efficacy of the intervention were associated with lower reported stress and higher levels of autism symptomatology were associated with higher reported stress. There was also evidence that the use of Passive Appraisal coping and beliefs about the efficacy of the interventions moderated the effects of autism symptomatology on parents' pessimism. Implications of these findings for future research and for the support of families engaged in intensive home-based behavioral intervention are discussed.
C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
RP Hastings, RP (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013
OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270
CR Aiken L, 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION
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NR 45
TC 103
Z9 107
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 327
EP 336
DI 10.1023/A:1010799320795
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000007
PM 11518485
ER
PT J
AU Dawson, G
Osterling, J
Rinaldi, J
Carver, L
McPartland, J
AF Dawson, G
Osterling, J
Rinaldi, J
Carver, L
McPartland, J
TI Brief report: Recognition memory and stimulus-reward associations:
Indirect support for the role of ventromedial prefrontal dysfunction in
autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; LESIONS; PERFORMANCE
C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Dawson, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 25
TC 42
Z9 43
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 337
EP 341
DI 10.1023/A:1010751404865
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000008
PM 11518486
ER
PT J
AU Stein, D
Ring, A
Shulman, C
Meir, D
Holan, A
Weizman, A
Barak, Y
AF Stein, D
Ring, A
Shulman, C
Meir, D
Holan, A
Weizman, A
Barak, Y
TI Brief report: Children with autism as they grow up - Description of
adult inpatients with severe autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; CLASSIFICATION
C1 Abarbanel Mental Hlth Ctr, IL-59100 Bat Yam, Israel.
Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
Eitanim Psychiat Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel.
Geha Psychiat Hosp, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.
Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel.
RP Barak, Y (reprint author), Abarbanel Mental Hlth Ctr, 15 Keren Kayemet Blvd, IL-59100 Bat Yam, Israel.
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NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 355
EP 360
DI 10.1023/A:1010707622612
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000011
PM 11518489
ER
PT J
AU Roseman, B
Schneider, E
Crimmins, D
Bostwick, H
Visintainer, P
Jaskow, PA
Accardo, P
AF Roseman, B
Schneider, E
Crimmins, D
Bostwick, H
Visintainer, P
Jaskow, PA
Accardo, P
TI What to measure in autism drug trials.
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
ID SECRETIN
C1 New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
RP Roseman, B (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
CR Chez MG, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1005443119324
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Sandler AD, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P1801, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199912093412404
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 361
EP 362
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000012
PM 11518490
ER
PT J
AU Fombonne, E
AF Fombonne, E
TI What is the prevalence of Asperger disorder?
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
ID TOTAL POPULATION; AUTISM; CHILDREN; ACCOUNT
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 12
TC 25
Z9 25
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 363
EP 364
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 461TF
UT WOS:000170379000013
PM 11518491
ER
PT J
AU Masi, G
Cosenza, A
Mucci, M
De Vito, G
AF Masi, G
Cosenza, A
Mucci, M
De Vito, G
TI Risperidone monotherapy in preschool children with pervasive
developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATING-SCALE;
DOUBLE-BLIND; ADOLESCENTS; HALOPERIDOL; TRIAL; CLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIOR
AB The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the short-term efficacy and safety of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone in preschool autistic children. The sample consisted of 10 subjects (7 males and 3 females) aged 3(9)/(12) to 6(6)/(12) years (mean age 4.7 years). A 16-week open-label trial with risperidone monotherapy was initiated at a starting dose of 0.25 mg daily and was increased to a maximum dose of 0.50 mg (0.027 mg/kg daily). Outcome measures were the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression (improvement score), and the Children's Global Assessment of Functioning. Two subjects did not complete the trial because of side effects (tachycardia and flushes, fever and hyporexia). After the 16-week treatment, data from the eight children who completed the trial indicated a modest improvement in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale total score, Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale total score, and Children's Global Assessment of Functioning. According to the Clinical Global Impression, the global improvement score for four subjects was much improved or very much improved; the score for the other four children was minimally improved. None of the children exhibited behavioral deterioration. The side effects in the eight children were not severe.
C1 Univ Pisa, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, I-56018 Pisa, Italy.
Inst Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
RP Masi, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, Via Giacinti 2, I-56018 Pisa, Italy.
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NR 35
TC 19
Z9 22
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 6
BP 395
EP 400
DI 10.1177/088307380101600602
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 473DY
UT WOS:000171025800002
PM 11417603
ER
PT J
AU Hardan, AY
Minshew, NJ
Mallikarjuhn, M
Keshavan, MS
AF Hardan, AY
Minshew, NJ
Mallikarjuhn, M
Keshavan, MS
TI Brain volume in autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PATHWAY; MRI
AB Increased brain size has been observed in individuals with autism with a wide range of cognitive functioning. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain measurements of the brain volume in a sample of nonmentally retarded autistic individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging scans from 16 nonmentally retarded individuals with autism and 19 male volunteer comparison subjects were obtained and the following structures were measured: third, fourth, and lateral ventricles and intracranial and cerebral volumes. Mean cerebral and third ventricle volumes in the autistic subjects were significantly greater than in the controls when adjusted for intracranial volume. No other significant results were found. Our finding of increased brain volume in autism is consistent with previous reports in the literature. Additional longitudinal neuroimaging and, more importantly, neuropathologic studies are warranted to provide a better understanding of the complexities underlying increased brain size in autism.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, 3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
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NR 27
TC 102
Z9 102
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 6
BP 421
EP 424
DI 10.1177/088307380101600607
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 473DY
UT WOS:000171025800007
PM 11417608
ER
PT J
AU O'Riordan, MA
Plaisted, KC
Driver, J
Baron-Cohen, S
AF O'Riordan, MA
Plaisted, KC
Driver, J
Baron-Cohen, S
TI Superior visual search in autism
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GUIDED SEARCH; CONJUNCTION SEARCH; ATTENTION; DEFICITS; MODEL;
CEREBELLAR; SIMILARITY; COHERENCE; CHILDREN; FEATURES
AB Children with a diagnosis of autism and normally developing children, matched for age and general ability, were tested on a series of visual search tasks in 2 separate experiments. The children with autism performed better than the normally developing children on difficult visual search tasks. This result occurred regardless of whether the target was uniquely defined by a single feature or a conjunction of features, as long as ceiling effects did not mask the difference. Superior visual search performance in autism can be seen as analogous to other reports of enhanced unique item detection in autism. Unique item detection in autism is discussed in the light of mechanisms proposed to be involved in normal visual search performance.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
UCL, Dept Psychol, London, England.
RP O'Riordan, MA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
EM mafo100@cus.cam.ac.uk
RI Driver, Jon/A-4779-2010
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NR 43
TC 226
Z9 228
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0096-1523
J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN
JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 27
IS 3
BP 719
EP 730
DI 10.1037//0096-1523.27.3.719
PG 12
WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 471TW
UT WOS:000170945600016
PM 11424657
ER
PT J
AU Matthews, B
Shute, R
Rees, R
AF Matthews, B
Shute, R
Rees, R
TI An analysis of stimulus overselectivity in adults with autism
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY
LA English
DT Article
ID OVER-SELECTIVITY; RETARDED-CHILDREN; MAINTENANCE; PARADIGM
AB The studies reported in this paper examined the effect of varying background colour and relative location of the stimulus on stimulus control in adults with autism and a mental-age matched control group (all adults with intellectual disability). The focus was on extending the stimulus overselectivity literature. The participants were taught to button-press in the presence of the "correct" visual stimulus presented on a computer monitor but to withhold from pressing when the "incorrect" stimulus was presented. Once the discrimination task had been learned, testing was then conducted to identify which components of the stimulus (location or size) had acquired stimulus control. It was found that the participants produced stimulus generalisation gradients which are comparable with other populations. Operationally defined stimulus overselectivity was also evident in adults with autism and controls. This is one of the few demonstrations of this in an adult population. Varying background colour in a discrimination task containing two relevant cues (location and size) did not lead to more evidence of stimulus overselectivity in either adults with autism or mental-age matched controls (study 1). Also, varying the relative placement of the training stimuli on the monitor had no effect (study 2). However, study 2 indicated a difference in stimulus overselectivity between the groups. The difference appeared to be related to the number of stimuli presented and the difference was in the opposite direction to that predicted. That is, participants with autism were less overselective than the mental-age matched control group. The relevance of these findings for the instruction of people with autism and intellectual disability is discussed.
C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Educ Humanities Law & Theol, Sch Special Educ & Disabil, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia.
RP Matthews, B (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Educ Humanities Law & Theol, Sch Special Educ & Disabil, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia.
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NR 41
TC 13
Z9 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1366-8250
J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS
JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 2
BP 161
EP 176
PG 16
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 462YW
UT WOS:000170448800004
ER
PT J
AU Gray, KM
Tonge, BJ
AF Gray, KM
Tonge, BJ
TI Are there early features of autism in infants and preschool children?
SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
LA English
DT Review
DE autistic disorder; behaviour; children; infants
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM
DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; ADI-R; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECOGNITION; DIAGNOSIS
AB Autism is characterized by impairments in three areas: (i) reciprocal social interaction; (ii) communication; and (iii) repetitive and stereotyped patterns of interest and behaviour. Despite the finding that parents notice abnormalities and problems with their child's development at a very early age, research shows that diagnoses are often made at an age beyond that recommended for the commencement of early intervention. This paper reviews the range of studies that have sought to elucidate the early features of autism in young, preschool children. Impairments in the capacity for reciprocal social interaction involving preverbal, verbal and non-verbal communication, and play and symbolic behaviour are the key features indicative of autism in infants and preschool children.
C1 Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
RP Gray, KM (reprint author), Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
RI Gray, Kylie/H-3345-2014
OI Gray, Kylie/0000-0001-6518-4240
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NR 50
TC 35
Z9 37
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA
PI CARLTON
PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 1034-4810
J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H
JI J. Paediatr. Child Health
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 37
IS 3
BP 221
EP 226
DI 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00653.x
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 561YK
UT WOS:000176170500003
PM 11468034
ER
PT J
AU Holaday, M
Moak, J
Shipley, MA
AF Holaday, M
Moak, J
Shipley, MA
TI Rorschach protocols from children and adolescents with Asperger's
Disorder
SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM
AB Rorschach protocols from 24 boys with Asperger's Disorder matched by age to 24 boys with other emotional or behavioral disorders (the contrast group) were compared to each other and to Exner's (1995) normative data. Eight variables based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria and a review of the literature for Asperger's Disorder were predicted to discriminate between groups with the Asperger's group having more extreme scores. Five variables (COP, CDI, H, M, and EA) were significantly different from the contrast group and T and WSumC were significantly different from the normative data in both the Asperger's group and the contrast group.
C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
RP Holaday, M (reprint author), 705 Martens Court 71-74, Laredo, TX 78041 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0022-3891
J9 J PERS ASSESS
JI J. Pers. Assess.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 76
IS 3
BP 482
EP 495
DI 10.1207/S15327752JPA7603_09
PG 14
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social
SC Psychology
GA 456GV
UT WOS:000170075500009
PM 11499460
ER
PT J
AU Boyer, L
Lee, C
AF Boyer, L
Lee, C
TI Converting challenge to success: Supporting a new teacher of students
with autism
SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
AB A new teacher in a self-contained classroom for six kindergarten students with autism and autistic-like behaviors describes the challenges of beginning a new program in her school, planning instruction with the new state instructional standards in mind, being scrutinized by parents and advocates, and coordinating documentation of progress and development of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Her challenges become successes through the support of an induction program that includes a mentor who also teaches young children with autism, insightful administrators, and school district resources. Components of an induction program that meets the needs of new special educators are included.
C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Fairfax, VA USA.
RP Boyer, L (reprint author), 7400 Clifton Rd, Clifton, VA 20124 USA.
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NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0022-4669
J9 J SPEC EDUC
JI J. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 35
IS 2
BP 75
EP 83
DI 10.1177/002246690103500202
PG 9
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 455WT
UT WOS:000170051300002
ER
PT J
AU Sturmey, P
James, V
AF Sturmey, P
James, V
TI Administrative prevalence of autism in the Texas school system
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CUNY, Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Grad Sch Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA.
Christus Santa Rosa Childrens Hosp, Texas Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, San Antonio, TX USA.
RP Sturmey, P (reprint author), CUNY, Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Grad Sch Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA.
CR Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508
Honda H, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V169, P228, DOI 10.1192/bjp.169.2.228
NR 2
TC 13
Z9 13
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 6
BP 621
EP 621
DI 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00005
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 433XR
UT WOS:000168786400005
PM 11392338
ER
PT J
AU King, BH
Wright, DM
Handen, BL
Sikich, I
Zimmerman, AW
McMahon, W
Cantwell, E
Davanzo, PA
Dourish, CT
Dykens, EM
Hooper, SR
Jaselskis, CA
Leventhal, BL
Levitt, J
Lord, C
Lubetsky, MJ
Myers, SM
Ozonoff, S
Shah, BG
Snape, M
Shernoff, EW
Williamson, K
Cook, EH
AF King, BH
Wright, DM
Handen, BL
Sikich, I
Zimmerman, AW
McMahon, W
Cantwell, E
Davanzo, PA
Dourish, CT
Dykens, EM
Hooper, SR
Jaselskis, CA
Leventhal, BL
Levitt, J
Lord, C
Lubetsky, MJ
Myers, SM
Ozonoff, S
Shah, BG
Snape, M
Shernoff, EW
Williamson, K
Cook, EH
TI Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amantadine hydrochloride in
the treatment of children with autistic disorder
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA); hyperactivity; irritability; placebo
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST;
EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; RETT-SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; ADULTS;
RECEPTORS; GLUTAMATE; BRAIN
AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that amantadine hydrochloride is a safe and effective treatment for behavioral disturbances-for example, hyperactivity and irritability-in children with autism. Method: Thirty-nine subjects (intent to treat; 5-19 years old; IQ > 35) had autism diagnosed according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Version (ABC-CV) and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale were used as outcome variables. After a 1-week, single-blind placebo run-in, patients received a single daily dose of amantadine (2.5 mg/kg per day) or placebo for the next week, and then bid dosing (5.0 mg/kg per day) for the subsequent 3 weeks. Results: When assessed on the basis of parent-rated ABC-CV ratings of irritability and hyperactivity, the mean placebo response rate was 37% versus amantadine at 47% (not significant). However, in the amantadine-treated group there were statistically significant improvements in absolute changes in clinician-rated ABC-CVs for hyperactivity (amantadine -6.4 versus placebo -2.1; p =.046) and inappropriate speech (-1.9 versus 0.4; p =.008). CGI scale ratings were higher in the amantadine group: 53% improved versus 25% (p =.076). Amantadine was well tolerated. Conclusions: Parents did not report statistically significant behavioral change with amantadine. However, clinician-rated improvements in behavioral ratings following treatment with amantadine suggest that further studies with this or other drugs acting on the glutamatergic system are warranted. The design of these and similar drug trials in children with autistic disorder must take into account the possibility of a large placebo response.
C1 Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH USA.
Vernalis Grp PLC, Winnersh, England.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Neuropsychiat Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA.
Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP King, BH (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
RI Dourish, Colin/B-7873-2014
OI Dourish, Colin/0000-0002-3403-6330
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NR 36
TC 82
Z9 83
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 6
BP 658
EP 665
DI 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00010
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 433XR
UT WOS:000168786400010
PM 11392343
ER
PT J
AU Hardan, AY
Minshew, NJ
Harenski, K
Keshavan, MS
AF Hardan, AY
Minshew, NJ
Harenski, K
Keshavan, MS
TI Posterior fossa magnetic resonance imaging in autism
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE cerebellum; vermis; brainstem; autism; magnetic resonance imaging
ID BRAIN-STEM INVOLVEMENT; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CEREBELLAR VERMIS;
CORPUS-CALLOSUM; HYPOPLASIA; SIZE; MRI; ABNORMALITY; ADULTS; VII
AB Objective: To determine whether the sizes and volumes of the posterior fossa structures are abnormal in non-mentally retarded autistic adolescents and adults. Method: Volume measurements of the cerebellum, vermis, and brainstem were obtained from coronal magnetic resonance imaging scans in 16 autistic subjects and 19 group-matched healthy controls. For the purpose of comparison with previous studies, area measurements of the midbrain, pens, medulla, total cerebellar vermis, and its three subregions were also obtained from a larger sample of 22 autistic males (mean age: 22.4 years; range: 12.2-51.8 years) and 22 individually matched controls (mean age 22.4 years; range: 12.9-52.2 years). Results: The total volume of the cerebellum and the cerebellar hemispheres were significantly larger in the autistic subjects with and without correcting for total brain volume. Volumes of the vermis and the brainstem and all area measurements did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: There is an increase in the volume of the cerebellum in people with autism consistent with the increase in regional and total brain size reported in this developmental disorder. This finding is also concordant with evidence of cerebellar abnormalities from neuropathological and neuropsychological studies that point to the role of this structure, as part of a complex neural system, in the pathophysiology of autism.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, 3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
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NR 45
TC 74
Z9 75
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 6
BP 666
EP 672
DI 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00011
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 433XR
UT WOS:000168786400011
PM 11392344
ER
PT J
AU Cohen, S
AF Cohen, S
TI Do-watch-listen-say: Social and communication intervention for children
with autism.
SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 CUNY Queens Coll, New York, NY USA.
CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Cohen, S (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA.
CR Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU
McGee G. G., 2001, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P157
Quill K. A., 2000, DO WATCH LISTEN SAY
Schopler E., 1995, LEARNING COGNITION A, P243
Wetherby A. M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP
PI BALTIMORE
PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA
SN 0274-9483
J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE
JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 2
BP 127
EP 128
DI 10.2511/rpsd.26.2.127
PG 2
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 466TX
UT WOS:000170663100007
ER
PT J
AU Robertson, J
Emerson, E
Gregory, N
Hatton, C
Kessissoglou, S
Hallam, A
Linehan, C
AF Robertson, J
Emerson, E
Gregory, N
Hatton, C
Kessissoglou, S
Hallam, A
Linehan, C
TI Social networks of people with mental retardation in residential
settings
SO MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; ACTIVE SUPPORT; COMMUNITY; ADULTS; IMPACT;
STAFF; OPPORTUNITY; SERVICES; HOMES; LIFE
AB Information was collected on the social networks of 500 adults with mental retardation receiving different types of residential supports. Results indicated that (a) the reported median size of participants' social networks (excluding staff) was 2 people; (b) 83% of participants were reported to have a staff member; 72%, a member of their family; 54%, another person with mental retardation; and 30%, a person who did not fit into any of these categories in their social network; (c) variation in the size and composition of participants' social networks was associated with a range of variables, including the personal characteristics of residents (age, autism, ability, and challenging behavior), the type of previous and current accommodation, staffing ratios, institutional climate, and the implementation of "active support."
C1 Univ Lancaster, Inst Hlth Res, Lancaster LA1 4YT, England.
Inst Psychiat, Ctr Econ Mental Hlth, London SE5 8BB, England.
Natl Res Agcy, Dublin, Ireland.
RP Robertson, J (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Inst Hlth Res, Lancaster LA1 4YT, England.
RI Hatton, Chris/C-1924-2013
OI Hatton, Chris/0000-0001-8781-8486
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NR 57
TC 82
Z9 82
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0047-6765
J9 MENT RETARD
JI Ment. Retard.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 39
IS 3
BP 201
EP 214
DI 10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0201:SNOPWM>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 443CZ
UT WOS:000169323600004
PM 11419999
ER
PT J
AU Harris, PL
AF Harris, PL
TI The veridicality assumption
SO MIND & LANGUAGE
LA English
DT Article
ID NARRATIVE COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MENTAL MODELS; PRETEND
PLAY; MIND; CHILDREN; CHINESE; MEMORY; AUTISM; POINT
AB Writers on cognitive development differ on whether children are naturally inclined to maintain a veridical conception of the world or whether such an inclination emerges only gradually in the course of development. In either case, however. it is assumed that there is a consistent premium on veridicality. I argue against that assumption. Three different contexts are examined in which successful cognitive performance depends on temporarily setting aside what is known to be: the case: counterfactual thinking, syllogistic reasoning and thr comprehension of connected discourse.
C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England.
RP Harris, PL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England.
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NR 43
TC 9
Z9 9
PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0268-1064
J9 MIND LANG
JI Mind Lang.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 247
EP 262
DI 10.1111/1468-0017.00168
PG 16
WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental
SC Linguistics; Psychology
GA 439MT
UT WOS:000169121200001
ER
PT J
AU Lenhoff, HM
Perales, O
Hickok, G
AF Lenhoff, HM
Perales, O
Hickok, G
TI Absolute pitch in Williams syndrome
SO MUSIC PERCEPTION
LA English
DT Article
ID IDENTIFICATION; HYPERACUSIS; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; CHILDREN; AUTISM;
SAVANT
AB Absolute pitch is reported to occur in 1 out of 10,000 persons, usually those trained in music before age 6. We demonstrate that the five individuals we tested, who have Williams syndrome, a condition caused by a microdeletion of about 20 genes in the q11.23 region of one of their two chromosomes number seven, possess near ceiling levels of absolute pitch despite their limited cognitive abilities. With these individuals, we also describe our preliminary findings on relative pitch, transposition, and retention. We discuss the possibilities that (1) the incidence of absolute pitch among individuals with Williams syndrome is higher than that found in the general population and (2) the normal early childhood critical period of absolute pitch acquisition may be extended in individuals with Williams syndrome.
C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Lenhoff, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
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NR 36
TC 38
Z9 38
PU UNIV CALIF PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223
USA
SN 0730-7829
J9 MUSIC PERCEPT
JI Music Percept.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 18
IS 4
BP 491
EP 503
DI 10.1525/mp.2001.18.4.491
PG 13
WC Music; Psychology, Experimental
SC Music; Psychology
GA 453RJ
UT WOS:000169930000004
ER
PT J
AU DeFrancesco, L
AF DeFrancesco, L
TI Scientists question rise in autism
SO NATURE MEDICINE
LA English
DT News Item
CR Sandler AD, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1221
Nelson KB, 2001, ANN NEUROL, V49, P597, DOI 10.1002/ana.1024
RUTTER M, 1997, NATURE, V265, P726
1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE, V9, P11
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NATURE AMERICA INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1078-8956
J9 NAT MED
JI Nat. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 6
BP 645
EP 645
DI 10.1038/88985
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research &
Experimental
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental
Medicine
GA 438YH
UT WOS:000169081500011
PM 11385482
ER
PT J
AU Boddaert, N
Belin, P
Poline, JB
Chabanne, N
Mouren-Simeoni, MC
Barthelemy, C
Samson, Y
Zilbovicius, M
AF Boddaert, N
Belin, P
Poline, JB
Chabanne, N
Mouren-Simeoni, MC
Barthelemy, C
Samson, Y
Zilbovicius, M
TI Temporal lobe dysfunction in autism: a PET auditory activation study.
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, DSV, DRM, F-91406 Orsay, France.
Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Serv Radiopediatrie, Paris, France.
McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Neuropsychol Cognit Neurosci Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Hop Robert Debre, Serv Pedopsychiat, F-75019 Paris, France.
INSERM, U316, Tours, France.
Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Serv Urgences Cerebrovasc, Paris, France.
CR Thivard L, 2000, NEUROREPORT, V11, P2969, DOI 10.1097/00001756-200009110-00028
Zilbovicius M, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P1988, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1988
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
SU S
BP S1028
EP S1028
PN 2
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 439HQ
UT WOS:000169106301027
ER
PT J
AU Castelli, F
Frith, U
Happe, F
Frith, CD
AF Castelli, F
Frith, U
Happe, F
Frith, CD
TI Autism and the perception of intentionality in moving geometrical shapes
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466;
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
SU S
BP S1035
EP S1035
PN 2
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 439HQ
UT WOS:000169106301034
ER
PT J
AU Dierks, T
Bolte, S
Hubl, D
Lanfermann, H
Poustka, F
AF Dierks, T
Bolte, S
Hubl, D
Lanfermann, H
Poustka, F
TI Alterations of face processing strategies in autism: A fMRI study.
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Bern, Hosp Clin Psychiat, Dept Psychiat Neurophysiol, Bern, Switzerland.
Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany.
Univ Frankfurt, Dept Neuroradiol, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany.
RI Dierks, Thomas/B-7092-2012
OI Dierks, Thomas/0000-0002-4173-5308
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
SU S
BP S1042
EP S1042
PN 2
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 439HQ
UT WOS:000169106301041
ER
PT J
AU Salmond, CH
Ashburner, J
Friston, KJ
Gadian, DG
Vargha-Khadem, F
AF Salmond, CH
Ashburner, J
Friston, KJ
Gadian, DG
Vargha-Khadem, F
TI Behavioural and neuropathological evidence for medial temporal lobe
abnormality in children with autism
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
RI Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh/C-2558-2008; Friston, Karl/D-9230-2011;
Ashburner, John/I-3757-2013
OI Friston, Karl/0000-0001-7984-8909;
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
SU S
BP S1095
EP S1095
PN 2
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 439HQ
UT WOS:000169106301094
ER
PT J
AU Wang, A
Dapretto, M
Hariri, A
Sigman, M
Bookheimer, SY
AF Wang, A
Dapretto, M
Hariri, A
Sigman, M
Bookheimer, SY
TI Processing affective and linguistic prosody in autism: An fMRI study
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Mapping Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
SU S
BP S621
EP S621
PN 2
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 439HQ
UT WOS:000169106300622
ER
PT J
AU Hisaoka, S
Harada, M
Nishitani, H
Mori, K
AF Hisaoka, S
Harada, M
Nishitani, H
Mori, K
TI Regional magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in autistic
individuals
SO NEURORADIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; autism; speech centres
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM
AB We studied the variations in the concentration of metabolites with brain region and age in autistic individuals and normal controls using multiple analysis of covariance. We examined 55 autistic individuals (2-21 years old, 47 male and eight female) and 51 normal children (3 months-15 years old, 26 boys and 25 girls). Single volumes of interest were placed in the frontal, parietal and temporal region on both sides, the brain stem and cingulate gyrus. The concentration of each metabolite was quantified by the water reference method. The concentration of N-acetylaspartate in the temporal regions (Brodmann's areas 41 and 42) in the autistic individuals were significantly lower than those in the controls (P < 0.05), but concentrations in other regions were not significantly different between the autistic individuals and controls. This suggests low density or dysfunction of neurones in Brodmann's areas 41 and 42 in autistic individual, which might be related to the disturbances of the sensory speech centre (Wernicke's area) in autism.
C1 Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Tokushima 7708503, Japan.
Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Paediat, Tokushima 7708503, Japan.
RP Harada, M (reprint author), Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 3-18-15 Kuramoto Cho, Tokushima 7708503, Japan.
CR BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866
GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0
HASHIMOTO T, 1992, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V14, P94
LOTSPEICH LJ, 1993, INT REV NEUROBIOL, V35, P87
Otsuka H, 1999, NEURORADIOLOGY, V41, P517
NR 5
TC 36
Z9 37
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0028-3940
J9 NEURORADIOLOGY
JI Neuroradiology
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 6
BP 496
EP 498
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 447BB
UT WOS:000169547700014
PM 11465765
ER
PT J
AU Williams, JHG
Whiten, A
Suddendorf, T
Perrett, DI
AF Williams, JHG
Whiten, A
Suddendorf, T
Perrett, DI
TI Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE imitation; mirror neurons; autism; 'Theory of mind'
ID GRASP REPRESENTATIONS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PREMOTOR
CORTEX; TEMPORAL CORTEX; MIND; CHILDREN; LOCALIZATION; RECOGNITION;
ACTIVATION
AB Various deficits in the cognitive functioning of people with autism have been documented in recent years but these provide only partial explanations for the condition. We focus instead on an imitative disturbance involving difficulties both in copying actions and in inhibiting more stereotyped mimicking, such as echolalia. A candidate for the neural basis of this disturbance may be found in a recently discovered class of neurons in frontal cortex, 'mirror neurons' (MNs). These neurons show activity in relation both to specific actions performed by self and matching actions performed by others, providing a potential bridge between minds. MN systems exist in primates without imitative and 'theory of mind' abilities and we suggest that in order for them to have become utilized to perform social cognitive functions, sophisticated cortical neuronal systems have evolved in which MNs function as key elements. Early developmental failures of MN systems are likely to result in a consequent cascade of developmental impairments characterised by the clinical syndrome of autism. Crown Copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Child Hlth, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland.
Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, Dept Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9JU, Fife, Scotland.
Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Williams, JHG (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Child Hlth, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland.
RI Suddendorf, Thomas/A-5537-2008
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 89
TC 394
Z9 404
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0149-7634
J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R
JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 25
IS 4
BP 287
EP 295
DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00014-8
PG 9
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 459ZL
UT WOS:000170281300001
PM 11445135
ER
PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Functional neuroanatomy of social behavior in autism
SO NEUROSCIENTIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
CR Critchley HD, 2000, BRAIN, V123, P2203, DOI 10.1093/brain/123.11.2203
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1073-8584
J9 NEUROSCIENTIST
JI Neuroscientist
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 3
BP 190
EP 190
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 437UL
UT WOS:000169011900009
ER
PT J
AU Wassink, TH
Piven, J
Patil, SR
AF Wassink, TH
Piven, J
Patil, SR
TI Chromosomal abnormalities in a clinic sample of individuals with
autistic disorder
SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; genetics; chromosomal abnormalities; karyotype; mental
retardation
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; UTAH
EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;
MENTAL-RETARDATION; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; 15Q11-13 REGION; DOWN-SYNDROME;
PREVALENCE
AB We examined data from the largest reported sample of autistic individuals who have been karyotyped with the aim of providing additional information in the search for autism disease genes. Individuals seen in the University of Iowa's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic since 1980 who had been diagnosed with autism were cross-referenced with the University of Iowa's Cytogenetics Laboratory database. We determined the number of individuals referred for cytogenetic testing and, of these, the number found to have gross cytological abnormalities. Medical records were reviewed for all cases with such abnormalities. Between 1980 and 1998, 898 subjects seen in the clinic were diagnosed with autism. Of these, 278 (30.1%) were referred for cytological studies; 25 (9.0%) of these were found to have chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were Fragile X, other sex chromosome anomalies, and chromosome 15 abnormalities. These data support the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to a small but significant number of cases of autism, and highlight the involvement of chromosome 15 and the sex chromosomes. Psychiatr Genet 11:57-63 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, N Carolina Mental Retardat Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
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NR 64
TC 86
Z9 87
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0955-8829
J9 PSYCHIATR GENET
JI Psychiatr. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 2
BP 57
EP 63
DI 10.1097/00041444-200106000-00001
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 460HW
UT WOS:000170303000001
PM 11525418
ER
PT J
AU Persico, AM
Militerni, R
Bravaccio, C
Schneider, C
Melmed, R
Trillo, S
Montecchi, F
Palermo, M
Pascucci, T
Puglisi-Allegra, S
Reichelt, KL
Conciatori, M
Keller, F
AF Persico, AM
Militerni, R
Bravaccio, C
Schneider, C
Melmed, R
Trillo, S
Montecchi, F
Palermo, M
Pascucci, T
Puglisi-Allegra, S
Reichelt, KL
Conciatori, M
Keller, F
TI No association between the 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen
activator inhibitor-1 gene promoter and autistic disorder
SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; macrocephaly; plasminogen; protease; serotonin; serpin family;
urokinase
ID PAI-1 GENE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR-INHIBITOR-1 GENE; NEUROANATOMICAL
ABNORMALITIES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FAMILY HISTORY; UROKINASE;
SYSTEM; MICE; CEREBELLAR; DEFICIENCY
AB Plasmin, a serine protease, is involved in many physiologically relevant processes, including haemostasis, cellular recruitment during immune response, tumour growth, and also neuronal migration and synaptic remodelling. Both tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators can be efficiently inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a protease inhibitor of the serpin family. The human PAI-1 gene is located on chromosome 7q, within or close to a region that has been linked to autism in several linkage studies. Autism seems to be characterized by altered neuronal cytoarchitecture, synaptogenesis and possibly also cellular immune responses. We began addressing the potential involvement of the PAI-1 gene in autistic disorder with this linkage/association study, assessing transmission patterns of the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene promoter that was previously shown to significantly affect PAI-1 plasma levels. No linkage/association was found in 167 trios with autistic probands, recruited in Italy and in the USA. We thus found no evidence that this polymorphism, or putative functionally relevant gene variants in linkage disequilibrium with it, confer vulnerability to autistic disorder. Psychiatr Genet 11:99-103 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ Campus Biomed, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, Neurosci Lab, Rome, Italy.
Univ Naples 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy.
SW Autism Res Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA.
IRCCS, Osped Bambino Gesu, Div Child Neurospsychiat, Rome, Italy.
Univ Campus Biomed, Clin Cognit Disabilities, Rome, Italy.
Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Rome, Italy.
Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Pediat Res, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 47
TC 5
Z9 5
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0955-8829
J9 PSYCHIATR GENET
JI Psychiatr. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 2
BP 99
EP 103
DI 10.1097/00041444-200106000-00008
PG 5
WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 460HW
UT WOS:000170303000008
PM 11525425
ER
PT J
AU Hayashi, E
AF Hayashi, E
TI Seasonal changes in sleep and behavioral problems in a pubescent case
with autism
SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Society-of-Sleep-Research (JSSR)
CY JUN 08-09, 2000
CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN
SP Japanese Soc Sleep Res
DE autism; behavioral problems; seasonal changes; sleep problems
AB This study reports on the seasonal changes in sleep problems and behavioral problems in a pubescent case with autism. His care diary, kept for 1 year, showed seasonal changes of sleep and behavioral problems, and that his behavioral problems preceded his sleep problems.
C1 Kaga Welf Inst, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1730003, Japan.
RP Hayashi, E (reprint author), Kaga Welf Inst, Itabashi Ku, 1-7-2 Kaga, Tokyo 1730003, Japan.
CR Hayashi E, 2000, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V54, P383, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00725.x
Richdale AL, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P60, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299000122
NR 2
TC 10
Z9 10
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA
PI CARLTON
PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 1323-1316
J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS
JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 55
IS 3
BP 223
EP 224
DI 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00833.x
PG 2
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 450QP
UT WOS:000169754800024
PM 11422849
ER
PT J
AU Weidenheim, KM
AF Weidenheim, KM
TI Neurobiology of autism: An update
SO SALUD MENTAL
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; Rett disorder
ID SEVERE MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; CPG-BINDING
PROTEIN-2; RETT-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; CEREBELLAR
ABNORMALITIES; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; CELL COUNTS; BRAIN
AB Consideration of available studies suggest, that many cases of autism caused by a neurodevelopmental disorder. In other cases, a known disease entity is found, either during life or at autopsy. A common factor linking primary idiopathic autism with double syndrome cases having autistic behavior may be malfunction in specific neuroanatomic systems, defects in which give rise to the clinically defined autistic symptomatology. The available evidence suggests that the limbic system is abnormal in most cases of autism, and that the hippocampus, basal forebrain, cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices are specifically involved. Evidence for neocortical involvement is less strong; additional investigations will be necessary to define the role of neocortical pathology observed in some, but not all, individuals with autism. Similarly, the role of the thalamus and hypothalamus and their subdivisions needs to be better defined. The role of the cerebellum in the causation of autistic symptoms is controversial. However, the consistency of the findings; of the Boston group suggest that additional study, especially studies focused on the connections of the cerebellum to thc diencephalic and telencephalic structures, is warranted.
The evidence, then, suggests that autism is a disorder of connectivity, often but not exclusively arising during the gestational period and ongoing degeneration of involved neural systems may occur in some individuals. Since different investigators, who study different populations Of autistic individuals, have found involvement of multiple neuroanatomic sites, neural network(s) may be involved in pathogenesis of this complex behavior. A defect at any point in the network could produce autistic behavior, and differences in the specific network defect between individuals might account for observed differences in clinical phenotype. The recent identification OF abnormalities in serotonin synthesis in autistic individuals suggests that serotonergic systems are likely involved (23). However, the complexity of the brain's circuitry, especially in the limbic system (56), and the presence Of multiple neurotransmitters in any given anatomic site in the brain, suggests that investigations of additional neurotransmitter systems might be useful as well.
While autism is now accepted to be an intrinsic disorder of the brain, much additional work needs to be done to elucidate the precise biochemical and physiologic defects that lead to the observed pathologic changes, Application of basic neuroscience Methods to clinical material will hopefully elucidate the pathogenesis of this disorder anti lead to effective therapy.
C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Neurol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Neurol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Weidenheim, KM (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Neurol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
EM kweidenh@montefiore.org
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NR 74
TC 3
Z9 3
PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA
PI MEXICO CITY
PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO
SN 0185-3325
J9 SALUD MENT
JI Salud Ment.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 24
IS 3
BP 3
EP 9
PG 7
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 456FZ
UT WOS:000170073600002
ER
PT J
AU Kohler, FW
Anthony, LJ
Steighner, SA
Hoyson, M
AF Kohler, FW
Anthony, LJ
Steighner, SA
Hoyson, M
TI Teaching social interaction skills in the integrated preschool: An
examination of naturalistic tactics
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION
AB The purpose of this study was to increase the social interaction skills of four pre-school children with autism. Four teachers in integrated preschool classrooms participated. Experimental sessions occurred during daily 10-minute activities in which all children in the class were free to select from six to eight different activities. Prior to beginning the study, all four teachers were introduced to a variety of naturalistic teaching tactics designed to stimulate children's play and interaction with others. A multiple baseline design was employed to examine three different conditions. In base line, teachers used these tactics with no assistance from research staff. In a second phase, teachers received daily feedback and technical assistance. Assistance was provided on only one occasion and then withdrawn during a maintenance phase. Results indicated that all four children increased their social interactions during the technical assistance phase. Each boy exhibited his skills-in a range of different play activities, and two continued to display high levels of interaction during a maintenance phase.
C1 Univ No Iowa, Dept Special Educ, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.
RP Kohler, FW (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dept Special Educ, 155 Schindler Educ Ctr, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.
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NR 33
TC 44
Z9 44
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2001
VL 21
IS 2
BP 93
EP +
DI 10.1177/027112140102100203
PG 12
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 445NH
UT WOS:000169463600003
ER
PT J
AU Heyes, C
AF Heyes, C
TI Causes and consequences of imitation
SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; NEONATAL IMITATION; JOINT ATTENTION;
JAPANESE-QUAIL; AUTISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; GESTURES; INFANTS; MODEL
AB Recent behavioural and neuroscientific research concerning imitation has revealed evidence of experience-dependent imitation in chimpanzees and birds, wide ranging imitation deficits in autism, and unintentional imitation in adult humans. This review examines these findings and also evaluates evidence of neonatal imitation and intentional imitation in infancy, and evidence suggesting that the left inferior frontal gyrus is specialized for imitation. At the theoretical level, the empirical findings support the view that the perceptual-motor translation that is a unique and defining property of imitation depends primarily on direct links between sensory and motor representations established through correlated experience of observing movements and carrying them out.
C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Heyes, C (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
EM c.heyes@ucl.ac.uk
RI Heyes, Cecilia/F-8262-2014
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NR 71
TC 261
Z9 267
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6613
J9 TRENDS COGN SCI
JI TRENDS COGN. SCI.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 6
BP 253
EP 261
DI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01661-2
PG 9
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 441FH
UT WOS:000169220000011
ER
PT J
AU Kaye, JA
Jick, H
AF Kaye, JA
Jick, H
TI Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded
by general practitioners: a time-trend analysis
SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB Objectives To estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Design Time-trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database. Setting General practices in the United Kingdom. Participants Children aged 12 years or younger diagnosed with autism between 1988 and 1999, with further analysis of boys aged 2 to 5 years born between 1988 and 1993. Main outcome measures Annual and age-specific incidence for first recorded diagnoses of autism (that is, when the diagnosis of autism was first recorded) in the children aged 12 years or younger; annual birth cohort-specific risk of autism diagnosed in the 2- to 5-year-old boys; and coverage (prevalence) of MMR vaccination in the same birth cohorts. Results The incidence of newly diagnosed autism increased 7-fold, from 0.3/10,000 person-years in 1988 to 2.1/10,000 person-years in 1993. The peak incidence was among 3- and 4-year-olds, and 83% (254/305) of cases were in boys. In an annual birth-cohort analysis of 114 boys born between 1988 and 1993, the risk of autism in 2- to 5-year-old boys increased nearly 4-fold over time, from 8/10,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-14/10,000) for boys born in 1988 to 29/10,000 (95% CI, 20-43/10,000) for boys born in 1993. For the same annual birth cohorts, the prevalence of MMR vaccination was more than 95%. Conclusions Because the incidence of autism among 2- to 5-year-olds increased markedly among boys born in each year separately from 1988 to 1993 while MMR vaccine coverage was more than 95% for successive annual birth cohorts, the data provide evidence that no correlation exists between the prevalence of MMR vaccination and the rapid increase in the risk of autism over time. The explanation for the marked increase in risk of the diagnosis of autism in the past decade remains uncertain.
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
RP Kaye, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, 11 Muzzey St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
RI Research Datalink, Clinical Practice/H-2477-2013
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JICK H, 1995, BRIT J GEN PRACT, V45, P107
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
Wing L, 1997, LANCET, V350, P1761, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09218-0
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
PU B M J PUBLISHING INC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA
SN 0093-0415
J9 WESTERN J MED
JI West. J. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2001
VL 174
IS 6
BP 387
EP 390
DI 10.1136/ewjm.174.6.387
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 438PM
UT WOS:000169062300013
ER
PT J
AU Coghlan, A
AF Coghlan, A
TI Out of the shadows - We're finally beginning to uncover the roots of
autism
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD MAY 26
PY 2001
VL 170
IS 2292
BP 14
EP 14
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 436QE
UT WOS:000168945900012
PM 11885640
ER
PT J
AU Vastag, B
AF Vastag, B
TI Congressional autism hearings continue - No evidence MMR vaccine causes
disorder
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT News Item
CR Dales L, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P1183, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1183
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
NR 3
TC 8
Z9 10
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 23
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 20
BP 2567
EP 2569
DI 10.1001/jama.285.20.2567
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 433LY
UT WOS:000168761900003
PM 11368715
ER
PT J
AU DeFrancesco, L
AF DeFrancesco, L
TI Autism on the rise
SO SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
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2001, I MED 0423
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SCIENTIST INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA
SN 0890-3670
J9 SCIENTIST
JI Scientist
PD MAY 14
PY 2001
VL 15
IS 10
BP 16
EP +
PG 0
WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA 440BF
UT WOS:000169152700013
ER
PT J
AU Feng, JN
Yan, J
Michaud, S
Craddock, N
Jones, IR
Cook, EH
Goldman, D
Heston, LL
Peltonen, L
Delisi, LE
Sommer, SS
AF Feng, JN
Yan, J
Michaud, S
Craddock, N
Jones, IR
Cook, EH
Goldman, D
Heston, LL
Peltonen, L
Delisi, LE
Sommer, SS
TI Scanning of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and thyroid hormone
receptor alpha (TR alpha) genes in patients with psychiatric diseases:
Four missense mutations identified in ER alpha gene
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ER alpha; TR alpha; schizophrenia; psychiatric diseases; DOVAM-S;
mutation detection
ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BREAST-CANCER; GENERALIZED RESISTANCE;
PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS; DOVAM-S; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEQUENCE; LINKAGE; WOMEN;
ASSOCIATION
AB Estrogen and thyroid hormones exert effects on growth, development, and differentiation of the nervous system. Hormone administration can lead to changes in behavior, suggesting that genetic variants of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR alpha) genes may predispose to psychiatric diseases. To investigate this possibility, regions of likely functional significance tall coding exons and flanking splice junctions) of the ERa and TR alpha. genes were scanned in patients with schizophrenia (113), along with pilot studies in patients with bipolar illness (BPI), puerperal psychosis, autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and alcoholism. A total of 1.18 megabases of the ER alpha. gene and 1.16 megabases of the TR alpha gene were scanned with Detection of Virtually All Mutations-SSCP (DOVAM-S), a method that detects virtually all mutations. Four missense mutations, seven silent mutations and one deletion were identified in the ER alpha gene, while only four silent mutations were present in the TRa gene. Two of the missense mutations in ER alpha. are conserved in the six available mammalian and bird species (H6Y, K299R) and a third sequence variant (P146Q) is conserved in mammals, birds, and Xenopus laevis, hinting that these sequence changes will be of functional significance. These changes were found in one patient each with BPI, puerperal psychosis, and alcoholism, respectively. Analysis of the ER alpha and TR alpha genes in 240 subjects reveals that missense changes and splice site variants are uncommon (1.7% and 0%, respectively). Further analyses are necessary to determine if the missense mutations identified in this study are associated with predisposition or outcome for either psychiatric or nonpsychiatric diseases. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
Univ Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Div Neurosci, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
NIAAA, Dept Psychiat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA.
SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Sommer, SS (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
RI Jones, Ian/B-4925-2009; Goldman, David/F-9772-2010; turton,
miranda/F-4682-2011
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NR 40
TC 24
Z9 24
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 4
BP 369
EP 374
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1364
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 439KN
UT WOS:000169116200012
PM 11378852
ER
PT J
AU Yirmiya, N
Pilowsky, T
Nemanov, L
Arbelle, S
Feinsilver, T
Fried, I
Ebstein, RP
AF Yirmiya, N
Pilowsky, T
Nemanov, L
Arbelle, S
Feinsilver, T
Fried, I
Ebstein, RP
TI Evidence for an association with the serotonin transporter promoter
region polymorphism and autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; serotonin promoter region polymorphism; (5-HT-TLPR);
catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT); dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4);
association; linkage; polymorphism; transmission disequilibrium test
ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; COMPLEX HUMAN-DISEASES; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENE
POLYMORPHISM; NOVELTY SEEKING; GENOMIC SCREEN; FAMILY HISTORY
AB We have examined three functional polymorphisms, serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), dopamine D4 exon III repeat region (DRD4), surd catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), in a small family-based design toward identifying candidate genes that confer risk for autism. A significant excess of the long/long 5-HTTLPR genotype was observed (likelihood ratio = 7.18; P = 0.027; 2 df; n = 33 families) as well as preferential transmission of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR (TDT chi-square = 5.44; P < 0.025; 1 df). No association was observed between the COMT and DRD4 polymorphisms and autism in this sample. Some previous studies have observed linkage between autism and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the current results are similar to those first reported by Klauck et al, [1997: Hum Genet 100:224-229; 1997: Hum Mol Genet 6:2233-2238]. Additionally, elevated serotonin levels have been consistently found in 30%-50% of autistic patients and may represent a marker for familial autism, Hyperserotonemia in autism appears to be due to enhanced 5-HT uptake, as free 5-HT levels are normal and the current report of an excess of the long/long 5-HTTLPR genotype in autism could provide a partial molecular explanation for high platelet serotonin content in autism. (C) 2001Wiley-Liss,Inc.
C1 S Herzog Mem Hosp, Res Lab, IL-91351 Jerusalem, Israel.
Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Soroka Med Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel.
RP Ebstein, RP (reprint author), S Herzog Mem Hosp, Res Lab, POB 35300, IL-91351 Jerusalem, Israel.
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WECHSLER D, 1974, WIS C R MANUAL WECHS
NR 63
TC 97
Z9 102
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 4
BP 381
EP 386
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1365
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 439KN
UT WOS:000169116200014
PM 11378854
ER
PT J
AU Marwick, C
AF Marwick, C
TI US report finds no link between MMR and autism
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT News Item
CR Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-535X
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD MAY 5
PY 2001
VL 322
IS 7294
BP 1083
EP 1083
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 431JP
UT WOS:000168628300013
PM 11337432
ER
PT J
AU Young, E
AF Young, E
TI Head start - Could it be possible to diagnose and even treat autism in
newborns?
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD MAY 5
PY 2001
VL 170
IS 2289
BP 16
EP 16
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 430AA
UT WOS:000168549900014
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, JE
Mirrett, P
Burchinal, M
AF Roberts, JE
Mirrett, P
Burchinal, M
TI Receptive and expressive communication development of young males with
fragile X syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM RATING-SCALE; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DOWN-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE
CHARACTERISTICS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; TRAJECTORIES; ASSOCIATIONS;
ADOLESCENTS; MULTICENTER
AB We prospectively examined the developmental trajectories of receptive and expressive communication skills of 39 young males, 20 to 86 months of age, with fragile X syndrome. Eight showed features characteristic of autism. Children were tested one to three times using a standardized language test. They showed marked delays in language development, but substantial individual variability. Participants acquired expressive language skills more slowly than receptive language over time, gaining receptive language at about half the rate expected for typically developing children and expressive language at one third the rate. Both cognitive skills and autistic characteristics of the young males with fragile X syndrome related to receptive and expressive communication development, but neither predicted the discrepancies between expressive and receptive language acquisition over time.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
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NR 55
TC 58
Z9 58
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 3
BP 216
EP 230
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0216:RAECDO>2.0.CO;2
PG 15
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 435GC
UT WOS:000168868200004
PM 11389664
ER
PT J
AU Nelson, KB
Grether, JK
Croen, LA
Dambrosia, JM
Dickens, BF
Jelliffe, LL
Hansen, RL
Phillips, TM
AF Nelson, KB
Grether, JK
Croen, LA
Dambrosia, JM
Dickens, BF
Jelliffe, LL
Hansen, RL
Phillips, TM
TI Neuropeptides and neurotrophins in neonatal blood of children with
autism or mental retardation
SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CULTURED MOUSE
EMBRYOS; HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORTICAL-NEURONS;
POLYPEPTIDE VIP; RAT-BRAIN; GROWTH; BDNF
AB There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. In archived neonatal blood of children with autistic spectrum disorders (n = 69), mental retardation without autism (n = 60), or cerebral palsy (CP, n = 63) and of control children (n = 54), we used recycling immunoaffinity chromatography to measure the neuropeptides substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT4/5), Neonatal concentrations of VIP, CGRP, BDNF, and NT4/5 were higher (ANOVA, all p values < 0.0001 by Scheffe test for pairwise differences) in children in the autistic spectrum and in those with mental retardation without autism than in control children. In 99% of children with autism and 97% with mental retardation, levels of at least one of these substances exceeded those of all control children. Concentrations were similar in subgroups of the autistic spectrum (core syndrome with or without mental retardation, other autistic spectrum disorders with or without mental retardation) and in the presence or absence of a history of regression. Among children with mental retardation, concentrations did not differ by severity or known cause (n = 11, including 4 with Down syndrome). Concentrations of measured substances were similar in children with CP as compared with control subjects. SP, PACAP, NGF, and NT3 were not different by diagnostic group. No measured analyte distinguished children with autism from children with mental retardation alone. In autism and in a heterogeneous group of disorders of cognitive function, overexpression of certain neuropeptides and neurotrophins was observed in peripheral blood drawn in the first days of life.
C1 NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Calif Dept Hlth Serv, March Dimes Birth Defect Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Emeryville, CA USA.
George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NIH, Off Res Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Nelson, KB (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5S221, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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NR 71
TC 252
Z9 257
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0364-5134
J9 ANN NEUROL
JI Ann. Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 5
BP 597
EP 606
DI 10.1002/ana.1024
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 427YE
UT WOS:000168433700008
PM 11357950
ER
PT J
AU Spears, R
Tollefson, N
Simpson, R
AF Spears, R
Tollefson, N
Simpson, R
TI Usefulness of different types of assessment data in diagnosing and
planning for a student with high-functioning autism
SO BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDREN; DISORDERS
AB The study examines urban and rural school psychologists' ability to use formal and informal assessment data to diagnose autism and to plan an effective educational program for a male elementary student with high-functioning autism. The study also presents findings related to school psychologists' perceptions of the utility of formal and informal assessment information. Respondents had difficulty recognizing autism and distinguishing it from other exceptionalities, although this finding was even more the case for rural than urban psychologists. Nevertheless, school psychologists were able to select appropriate individualized education program (IEP) goals for the described student and generally agreed with a panel of autism experts on placement decisions. Contrary to expectation, respondents did not favor informal assessment data over formal assessment data when selecting IEP goals. Training and future research implications are also discussed.
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Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol Res Educ, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
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NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
PU COUNCIL CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
PI RESTON
PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 20191-1589 USA
SN 0198-7429
J9 BEHAV DISORDERS
JI Behav. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 3
BP 227
EP 242
PG 16
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Educational
SC Psychology
GA 708ZK
UT WOS:000184600100004
ER
PT J
AU Bara, BG
Bucciarelli, M
Colle, L
AF Bara, BG
Bucciarelli, M
Colle, L
TI Communicative abilities in autism: Evidence for attentional deficits
SO BRAIN AND LANGUAGE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; communicative abilities; attentional deficits; theory of mind
ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDS
APPRAISAL; JOINT ATTENTION; MIND; EXPRESSIONS; ACQUISITION; PRAGMATICS;
EMOTION
AB Although there are many theories about autism, something all of them agree upon is that :autistics are impaired in the ability to communicate. The explanation is either their incapacity to attribute mental states to others or the interference of irrelevant stimuli with the access and processing of the communication (low). Our study on mute autistic children aims to investigate their communicative ability in order to bring some new evidence on the debate. We used an experimental technique that allows autistic children to access and process the communicative act?; in a familiar context for as long as needed. The experimental results show that our sample of autistic children performs as well as the control group of normal children in dealing with directs, indirects, ironies, deceits, and recoveries of failure. Independent of their respective difficulty, the felicitous outcome of any of these acts requires the capacity to attribute an adequate communicative intention to the actor, Moreover, our results show that, contrary to the established findings: in the literature, autistics' performance in the standard false belief task, a task that requires one to understand the mental states of other people, is equivalent to the performance of normal subjects. We argue that an attentional deficit affects the communicative performance of autistics in experiments where classic methodologies ale used; with the proper methodology, we can access the unexplored world where mute autistic children also communicate. As far as we know, this is the first systematic experiment on pragmatic abilities in mute autistic children. Indeed, our work shows that tests and methodologies which help to focus on the communicative task improve the autistics' performance with respect to those used in the literature. We conclude that the autistic communicative deficit is at the performance level and that it has an attentional nature. (C) 2001 Academic Press.
C1 Univ Turin, Ctr Cognit Sci, I-10123 Turin, Italy.
RP Bara, BG (reprint author), Univ Turin, Ctr Cognit Sci, Via Lagrange 3, I-10123 Turin, Italy.
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NR 78
TC 15
Z9 20
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0093-934X
J9 BRAIN LANG
JI Brain Lang.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 77
IS 2
BP 216
EP 240
DI 10.1006/brln.2000.2429
PG 25
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences;
Psychology, Experimental
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences &
Neurology; Psychology
GA 421YX
UT WOS:000168092100006
PM 11300705
ER
PT J
AU Scholl, BJ
Leslie, AM
AF Scholl, BJ
Leslie, AM
TI Minds, modules, and meta-analysis
SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE BELIEF; REPRESENTATION; 3-YEAR-OLD; DECEPTION; CHILDREN; AUTISM;
TASK
AB Wellman and colleagues' meta-analysis of performance on the false-belief task is methodologically useful, but it does not lead to any theoretical progress concerning the nature of the mechanisms that underlie the existence and development of "theory of mind." In particular, the results of this meta-analysis are perfectly compatible with "early competence" accounts that posit a specific, innate, and possibly modular basis for theory of mind. The arguments presented by Wellman and colleagues against such views stem not from their meta-analytic data, but from mistaken assumptions regarding the requirements of such theories (e.g., that there exist manipulations that improve performance only, or to a greater degree, in young children). Contrary to what Wellman and colleagues claim, their meta-analysis, while consistent with conceptual change, does not lend any new support for such theories.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Cognit Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
RP Leslie, AM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Cognit Sci, Psychol Annex,Busch Campus,152 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
CR BARONCOHEN S, 1995, MINDLBLINDNESS ESSAY
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NR 36
TC 51
Z9 54
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0009-3920
J9 CHILD DEV
JI Child Dev.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2001
VL 72
IS 3
BP 696
EP 701
DI 10.1111/1467-8624.00308
PG 6
WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 438JA
UT WOS:000169048800005
PM 11405575
ER
PT J
AU Beglinger, LB
Smith, TH
Fagan, J
AF Beglinger, LB
Smith, TH
Fagan, J
TI Information processing ability in children with autism receiving
behavioral treatment
SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS
PI LISSE
PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-1637
J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Clin. Neuropsychol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 15
IS 2
BP 254
EP 254
PG 1
WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 465AM
UT WOS:000170565600014
ER
PT J
AU Saulnier, CA
Fein, D
Liss, M
AF Saulnier, CA
Fein, D
Liss, M
TI Sensory reactivity in typical children vs. children with autism
SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS
PI LISSE
PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-1637
J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Clin. Neuropsychol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 15
IS 2
BP 258
EP 258
PG 1
WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 465AM
UT WOS:000170565600034
ER
PT J
AU Johansson, M
Wentz, E
Fernell, E
Stromland, K
Miller, MT
Gillberg, C
AF Johansson, M
Wentz, E
Fernell, E
Stromland, K
Miller, MT
Gillberg, C
TI Autistic spectrum disorders in Mobius sequence: a comprehensive study of
25 individuals
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAIN-STEM CALCIFICATION; MOEBIUS SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; MISOPROSTOL; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR
AB The prevalence of autistic disorder was analysed in 25 individuals with Mobius sequence, a disorder with brain-stem dysfunction, The sample consisted of 18 males and seven females (20 participants were aged 2 to 22 years, and five were aged 1, 19 and 23 months, and 55 years old). Participants were recruited after a nationwide call and were part of a multidisciplinary study of individuals with Mobius sequence. They were given a meticulous neuropsychiatric examination including standardized autism diagnostic interviews. Ten individuals had an autistic spectrum disorder. Six of these met all diagnostic criteria for autism. In 23 individuals cognitive development could be assessed. Eight of those 23 patients had clear learning disability and six individuals were functioning in the normal but subaverage range. Autistic spectrum disorder and learning disability occurred in more than a third of the examined patients. Considering the hospital-based nature of the sample, these findings may be overestimates. Nevertheless, awareness of this coexistence is important in the diagnosis and habilitation care of children with Mobius sequence. Moreover, the results provide further support for the notion of a subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders being caused by first trimester brain-stem damage.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sahlgrenska Univ Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Ostra, Sweden.
Univ Illinois, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kungsgatan 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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NR 66
TC 39
Z9 39
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 5
BP 338
EP 345
DI 10.1017/S0012162201000627
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 434EP
UT WOS:000168802400008
PM 11368487
ER
PT J
AU Jones, RSP
Zahl, A
Huws, JC
AF Jones, RSP
Zahl, A
Huws, JC
TI First-hand accounts of emotional experiences in autism: a qualitative
analysis
SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDREN
AB Internet-based first-hand accounts of five people who describe themselves as 'high functioning autistic' were analysed using a thematic analytic approach. Four central themes were identified. These were a sense of alienation, a sense of frustration, depression as a central emotion, and a pervasive sense of fear or apprehension. The findings not only imply that emotional issues are important and relevant to people with autism, but there is an implication that the predominant experienced emotions are unpleasant ones. This is in contrast to much of the literature on autism that points to the absence or lack of emotion compared to non-autistic controls. Issues of generalisability to a wider population of people with autism are discussed.
C1 Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales.
RP Jones, RSP (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, Wales.
RI Huws, Jaci/C-3289-2009
CR American Psychological Association, 1997, SERV TEL TEL INT STA
Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY
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NR 19
TC 25
Z9 25
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0968-7599
J9 DISABIL SOC
JI Disabil. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 393
EP 401
PG 9
WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 426VX
UT WOS:000168370000004
ER
PT J
AU Rubin, S
Biklen, D
Kasa-Hendrickson, C
Kluth, P
Cardinal, DN
Broderick, A
AF Rubin, S
Biklen, D
Kasa-Hendrickson, C
Kluth, P
Cardinal, DN
Broderick, A
TI Independence, participation, and the meaning of intellectual ability
SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB This article presents a non-speaking person's perspectives on independence and the implications of newfound communication abilities for her participation in the world and upon the meaning of intellectual ability. The person with the communication disability also has autism and, early in her life, was classified by school officials as 'severely retarded'. The narrative focuses especially on the concepts of independence, participation, and intellectual competence or intellectual performance, and their relationship to the concepts of democracy, freedom, and identity, all from a non-essentialist perspective. In addition, the article addresses practical questions about how, from her perspective, the non-speaking person developed the ability to communicate without physical support.
C1 Whittier Coll, Whittier, CA 90608 USA.
Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
Chapman Univ, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
RP Biklen, D (reprint author), Whittier Coll, 13406 Philadelphia St, Whittier, CA 90608 USA.
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NR 24
TC 22
Z9 22
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0968-7599
J9 DISABIL SOC
JI Disabil. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 415
EP 429
PG 15
WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 426VX
UT WOS:000168370000006
ER
PT J
AU Schonauer, K
Klar, M
Kehrer, HE
Arlt, V
AF Schonauer, K
Klar, M
Kehrer, HE
Arlt, V
TI Course of infantile-onset autism in adulthood: a survey of longitudinal
follow-up-data
SO FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE
LA German
DT Article
ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PROGNOSIS; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; PSYCHOSIS;
PATTERNS
AB The symptoms of infantile autism were first described almost 60 years ago. In contrast to its course in puberty and adolescence, follow-up-data on the late course in adulthood are decidedly sparse. As the outcome of research in the literature, we found 21 methodologically heterogeneous follow-up-studies, The arithmetic mean age of all subjects investigated was 24.0 years. The results are supplemented by various case reports and sporadic biographical reports by affected persons. On the basis of the available data, the discontinuous and dynamic changes of course verified in puberty and adolescence are not applicable to the third and fourth decades to the same extent. Gains in competence and autonomy appear to develop in the vocational rather than in the domestic sphere. The significantly more favorable courses of the form described by Asperger are continued in adulthood, The disorder-associated lack of empathy and social interaction is by no means experienced in terms of self-satisfaction by those concerned but rather as a loss. Interpersonal sexual needs are expressed by a substantial proportion of autistic adults. The cumulative mortality rates of the follow-up-studies suggest that the mortality rate among autistic patients is higher than among their non-autistic peers.
C1 Inst Autismusforsch Munster EV, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
Zentrum Psychiat Reichenau, Abt Psychotherapeut Med, Reichenau, Switzerland.
Univ Munster, Klin & Poliklin Psychiat & Psychotherapie, D-4400 Munster, Germany.
RP Kehrer, HE (reprint author), Inst Autismusforsch Munster EV, Schmeddingstr 50, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
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NR 77
TC 9
Z9 9
PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
PI STUTTGART
PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0720-4299
J9 FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC
JI Forschritte Neurol. Psychiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 69
IS 5
BP 221
EP +
DI 10.1055/s-2001-13933
PG 15
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 436JJ
UT WOS:000168932500005
PM 11417262
ER
PT J
AU Barnhill, GP
AF Barnhill, GP
TI What is Asperger syndrome?
SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL POPULATION; AUTISM; CHILDREN; MIND
AB The prevalence of Asperger Syndrome appears to be increasing, yet many individuals are still not being diagnosed during their school years. It is imperative to disseminate knowledge regarding the characteristics of Asperger Syndrome to parents and educational, mental health, and medical professionals so that this condition can be recognized early, and appropriate interventions can be provided to assist individuals with Asperger Syndrome in coping successfully. This article focuses on the characteristics of this developmental disability.
C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Austism Asperger Syndrome Resource Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
RP Barnhill, GP (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Austism Asperger Syndrome Resource Ctr, 4001 HC Miller Bldg,3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
[Anonymous], 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R
Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709
Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002
Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
Barnhill G., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P146, DOI [10.1177/108835760001500303, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500303]
BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
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NR 37
TC 5
Z9 5
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1053-4512
J9 INTERV SCH CLIN
JI Interv. Sch. Clin.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 5
BP 259
EP 265
DI 10.1177/105345120103600501
PG 9
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 425LX
UT WOS:000168293000001
ER
PT J
AU Brownell, MT
Walther-Thomas, C
Shore, S
AF Brownell, MT
Walther-Thomas, C
Shore, S
TI Steven Shore: Understanding the autism spectrum - What teachers need to
know
SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC
LA English
DT Editorial Material
CR Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
KRANOWITZ C, 1998, OUT SYNC CHILD RECOG
Shore S., 2001, WALL PERSONAL EXPERI
SMITH B, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME SE
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1053-4512
J9 INTERV SCH CLIN
JI Interv. Sch. Clin.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 5
BP 293
EP +
DI 10.1177/105345120103600506
PG 8
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 425LX
UT WOS:000168293000006
ER
PT J
AU Ormsbee, CK
AF Ormsbee, CK
TI Making visual supports work in the home and community: Strategies for
individuals with autism and Asperger Syndrome
SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Educ Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Ormsbee, CK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Educ Psychol, 820 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
CR Savner J.L., 2000, MAKING VISUAL SUPPOR
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1053-4512
J9 INTERV SCH CLIN
JI Interv. Sch. Clin.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 5
BP 314
EP 315
DI 10.1177/105345120103600511
PG 2
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 425LX
UT WOS:000168293000013
ER
PT J
AU Van der Does, AJW
AF Van der Does, AJW
TI The effects of tryptophan depletion on mood and psychiatric symptoms
SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
LA English
DT Review
DE tryptophan depiction; mood; psychiatric symptoms; depression; relapse;
cognition
ID SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; FREE DEPRESSED-PATIENTS; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE
INHIBITORS; MAJOR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; HEALTHY-HUMAN SUBJECTS; NEUTRAL
AMINO-ACIDS; PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN; RAPID DEPLETION; ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION;
NORMAL VOLUNTEERS
AB Background: The number of studies using tryptophan depletion (TD) challenge has increased markedly in the past few years. Recently, a number or negative results have been published, implicating that the effect of TD on mood may be less consistent than previously thought. Methods: The literature on the mood effects of TD in psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers was reviewed. Results: TD has a mood-lowering effect in subgroups of recovered depressed patients, patients with seasonal affective disorder and vulnerable healthy subjects. The mood effect in former patients is of a different quality, however, than the effect in healthy subjects. Some recent negative studies in depression might be explained by insufficient lowering of plasma tryptophan levels. Preliminary evidence exists for an effect of TD on bulimia nervosa, autism, aggression and substance dependence. Conclusions: The effects of TD on mood may be more consistent than suggested by a number of recent negative studies. Response to TD in recovered depressed patients is associated with prior treatment. However, even in SSRI-treated patients the relapse rates are not higher than 50-60%, which needs to be explained. The clinical usefulness of the response to TD in recovered patients (prediction of relapse after treatment discontinuation) and in symptomatic patients (prediction of treatment refactoriness) deserves more research attention. Further suggestions for future research include the cognitive effects of TD in recovered depressed patients and the effect of dietary habits on response to TD. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B;V. All rights reserved.
C1 Leiden Univ, Dept Psychol, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands.
Leiden Univ, Dept Psychiat, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Van der Does, AJW (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Dept Psychol, Wassenaarseweg 52, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands.
RI Van der Does, Willem/B-1465-2008
OI Van der Does, Willem/0000-0002-9753-2454
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NR 82
TC 103
Z9 104
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0327
J9 J AFFECT DISORDERS
JI J. Affect. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 64
IS 2-3
BP 107
EP 119
DI 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00209-3
PG 13
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 431DC
UT WOS:000168604400001
PM 11313078
ER
PT J
AU Asano, E
Kuivaniemi, H
Huq, AHMM
Tromp, G
Behen, M
Rothermel, R
Herron, J
Chugani, DC
AF Asano, E
Kuivaniemi, H
Huq, AHMM
Tromp, G
Behen, M
Rothermel, R
Herron, J
Chugani, DC
TI A study of novel polymorphisms in the upstream region of vasoactive
intestinal peptide receptor type 2 gene in autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISORDER; POLYPEPTIDE; PROTEIN; VIP; BLOCKADE; DOMAINS; PACAP; BRAIN;
TWIN
AB We investigated the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 (VIPR2) gene as a candidate gene for autism. We searched for mutations in the VIPR2 gene in autistic individuals, and 10 novel polymorphisms were identified. Three polymorphisms in the upstream region were studied in detail, and there was no significant difference in the frequencies between the autistic group (n = 14) and unrelated controls (n = 52). The distribution of the genotypes in two of the three polymorphisms differed somewhat between autistic subjects with gastrointestinal problems and those without. Moreover, there was a trend showing a correlation between the genotypes for the third polymorphism and the severity of stereotypical behavior as ranked by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale. These preliminary results suggest that VIPR2 may have a role in gastrointestinal symptoms and stereotypical behaviors in autism, although a larger collection of samples suitable for transmission disequilibrium tests is necessary to validate the results.
C1 Childrens Hosp Michigan, PET Ctr, Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
Childrens Hosp Michigan, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
Childrens Hosp Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
Childrens Hosp Michigan, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Med & Genet, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
RP Chugani, DC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Michigan, PET Ctr, Dept Pediat, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
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NR 43
TC 11
Z9 12
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 5
BP 357
EP 363
DI 10.1177/088307380101600509
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 473DX
UT WOS:000171025700009
PM 11392521
ER
PT J
AU Linday, LA
AF Linday, LA
TI Saccharomyces boulardii: Potential adjunctive treatment for children
with autism and diarrhea
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA.
RP Linday, LA (reprint author), St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA.
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NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 5
BP 387
EP 387
DI 10.2310/7010.2001.17095
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 473DX
UT WOS:000171025700017
PM 11392529
ER
PT J
AU Ropar, D
Mitchell, P
AF Ropar, D
Mitchell, P
TI Susceptibility to illusions and performance on visuospatial tasks in
individuals with autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; weak central coherence; visuospatial
ability; visual illusions
ID VISUAL ILLUSIONS; CHILDREN; MEMORY; SAVANT
AB The current study follows a recent paper reporting that individuals with autism were just as susceptible to visual illusions as those without autism (Ropar & Mitchell, 1999). The possibility that individual differences may account for the failure to replicate Happe's (1996) findings is explored by presenting a battery of visuospatial tasks thought to measure weak central coherence (embedded figures, block design, Rey complex figure test). Participants with autism were distinguished by relatively good performance on visuospatial tasks, though there was no superiority effect in those with Asperger's syndrome. Performance on the visuospatial battery did not significantly predict susceptibility to illusions in various participant groups, including those with autism and Asperger's syndrome. This suggests that perception of illusions and performance on visuospatial tasks may rely on different mechanisms. The implications for the theory of weak central coherence are discussed.
C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
RP Ropar, D (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
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NR 29
TC 106
Z9 106
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 4
BP 539
EP 549
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00748
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 436AB
UT WOS:000168913400013
PM 11383970
ER
PT J
AU Gallagher, S
AF Gallagher, S
TI The practice of mind - Theory, simulation or primary interaction
SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE BELIEF; GRASP REPRESENTATIONS; INTENTIONAL RELATIONS; MORAL
SIGNIFICANCE; 2ND PERSON; CHILDREN; IMITATION; AUTISM; PERCEPTION;
INFANTS
AB Theory of mind explanations of how we know other minds are limited in several ways. First, they construe intersubjective relations too narrowly in terms of the specialized cognitive abilities of explaining and predicting another person's mental states and behaviours. Second, they sometimes draw conclusions about second-person interaction from experiments designed to test third-person observation of another's behaviour. As a result, the larger claims that are sometimes made for theory of mind, namely that theory of mind is our primary and pervasive means for understanding other persons, go beyond both the phenomenological and the scientific evidence. I argue that the interpretation of 'primary intersubjectivity' as merely precursory to theory of mind is inadequate. Rather; primary intersubjectivity, understood as a set of embodied practices and capabilities, is not only primary in a developmental sense, but is the primary way we continue to understand others in second-person interactions.
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NR 91
TC 158
Z9 161
PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC
PI THORVERTON
PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND
SN 1355-8250
J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD
JI J. Conscious. Stud.
PD MAY-JUL
PY 2001
VL 8
IS 5-7
BP 83
EP 108
PG 26
WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 450PX
UT WOS:000169753300005
ER
PT J
AU McGeer, V
AF McGeer, V
TI Psyche-practice, psyche-theory and the contrastive case of autism - How
practices of mind become second-nature
SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE BELIEFS; CHILDREN; REPRESENTATION; IMITATION; GESTURES; DEAF
C1 NYU, Dept Philosophy, New York, NY 10003 USA.
RP McGeer, V (reprint author), NYU, Dept Philosophy, 503 Main Bldg,100 Washington Sq E, New York, NY 10003 USA.
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NR 77
TC 21
Z9 21
PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC
PI THORVERTON
PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND
SN 1355-8250
J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD
JI J. Conscious. Stud.
PD MAY-JUL
PY 2001
VL 8
IS 5-7
BP 109
EP 132
PG 24
WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 450PX
UT WOS:000169753300006
ER
PT J
AU Khare, L
Strizheva, GD
Bailey, JN
Au, KS
Northrup, H
Smith, M
Smalley, SL
Henske, EP
AF Khare, L
Strizheva, GD
Bailey, JN
Au, KS
Northrup, H
Smith, M
Smalley, SL
Henske, EP
TI A novel missense mutation in the GTPase activating protein homology
region of TSC2 in two large families with tuberous sclerosis complex
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID AUTISM; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCT
C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA.
Russian State Med Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Moscow 117437, Russia.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA.
Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Houston, TX USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
RP Henske, EP (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA.
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NR 13
TC 22
Z9 22
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 5
BP 347
EP 349
DI 10.1136/jmg.38.5.347
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 431KW
UT WOS:000168631200017
PM 11403047
ER
PT J
AU Coniglio, SJ
Lewis, JD
Lang, C
Burns, TG
Subhani-Siddique, R
Weintraub, A
Schub, H
Holden, EW
AF Coniglio, SJ
Lewis, JD
Lang, C
Burns, TG
Subhani-Siddique, R
Weintraub, A
Schub, H
Holden, EW
TI A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single-dose
intravenous secretin as treatment for children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Objective: To determine whether a single injection of intravenous secretin results in measurable improvements in socialization and/or communication skills in children with autism.
Study design: Sixty subjects with autism were randomly selected and assigned to either treatment or placebo group. Subjects in the treatment group received 2.0 clinical units of secretin per kilogram of body weight as a single intravenous dose. Subjects in the placebo group received normal saline solution. Neurodevelopmental and behavioral assessments were performed for all subjects before injection and at 3 and 6 weeks after injection.
Results: Assessment of language skills and parents' behavioral assessments revealed no significant differences between the treatment and placebo groups. Raters' assessments of severity of autistic symptoms did not differ for the 2 groups at 6 weeks after injection. A marginal statistically significant Improvement in autistic behaviors was seen in the treatment group at 3 weeks after injection (P = .051).
Conclusions: A single dose of intravenous secretin does not appear to have significant effects on either parents' perception of autistic behaviors or language skills at 6 weeks after injection. Transient, marginally significant improvements in autistic behaviors may occur in some children.
C1 Emory Univ, Marcus Inst, Div Dev Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA.
Childrens Ctr Digest Hlth Care, Atlanta, GA USA.
Scottish Rite Child Neurobiol Associates, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Neuropsychol Dept, Atlanta, GA USA.
Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Coniglio, SJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Marcus Inst, Div Dev Pediat, 1605 Chantilly Dr,Ste 100, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN
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NR 10
TC 44
Z9 44
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 138
IS 5
BP 649
EP 655
DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.112474
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 431LY
UT WOS:000168633800009
PM 11343038
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, S
AF Johnson, S
TI Micronutrient accumulation and depletion in schizophrenia, epilepsy,
autism and Parkinson's disease?
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Article
ID MONOAMINE-OXIDASE
AB Zinc has several crucial functions in brain development and maintenance: it binds to p53, preventing it from binding to supercoiled DNA and ensuring that p53 cause the expression of several paramount genes, such as the one that encodes for the type I receptors to pituitary adenine cylase-activator peptide (PACAP), which directs embryonic development of the brain cortex, adrenal glands, etc.; it is required for the production of CuZnSOD and Zn-thionein, which are essential to prevent oxidative damage; it is required for many proteins, some of them with Zn fingers, many of them essential enzymes for growth and homeostasis. For example, the synthesis of serotonin involves Zn enzymes and since serotonin is necessary for melatonin synthesis, a Zn deficiency may result in low levels of both hormones. Unfortunately, Zn levels tend to be low when there is excess Cu and Cd. Moreover, high estrogen levels tend to cause increased absorption of Cu and Cd, and smoking and eating food contaminated with Cd result in high levels of the latter. Furthermore, ethanol ingestion increases the elimination of Zn and Mg (which acts as a cofactor for CuZnSOD).
Increased Cu levels may also be found in people with Wilson's disease, which is a rather rare disease. However, the heterozygote form (only one faulty copy of the chromosome) is not so rare. Therefore, the developing fetus of a pregnant women who is low in Zn and high in Cu may experience major difficulties in the early development of the brain, which may later manifest themselves as schizophrenia, autism or epilepsy. Similarly, a person who gradually accumulates Cu, will tend to experience a gradual depletion of Zn, with a corresponding increase in oxidative damage, eventually leading to Parkinson's disease. Also discussed are the crucial roles of histidine, histamine, vitamin D, essential fatty acids, vitamin E, peroxynitrate, etc. in the possible oxidative damage involved in these mental diseases. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
RP Johnson, S (reprint author), 3743 Thayer Rd, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA.
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NR 9
TC 39
Z9 40
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 5
BP 641
EP 645
DI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1302
PG 5
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 459RD
UT WOS:000170264000016
PM 11388783
ER
PT J
AU Knecht, T
AF Knecht, T
TI Pica as a harbinger of schizophrenia
SO NERVENARZT
LA German
DT Article
DE pica; schizophrenia; coprophagia
ID DETOXIFICATION; GEOPHAGY; SYMPTOM; AUTISM
AB The author reports the case of a youth who first became salient by self-neglect and finally was hospitalized for heavy drug abuse. In the closed ward, he suddenly displayed pica behavior but, in the further course,developed a typical schizophrenic syndrome. The diagnostic criteria are presented as well as all subtypes of pica. The author goes into the question of the aetiology of this enigmatic disorder. Finally, he points out the typical complications of pica and the therapeutical possibilities which are determined most of all by the underlying disease.
C1 Kantonale Psychiat Klin, CH-8596 Munsterlingen, Switzerland.
RP Knecht, T (reprint author), Kantonale Psychiat Klin, CH-8596 Munsterlingen, Switzerland.
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NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0028-2804
J9 NERVENARZT
JI Nervenarzt
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 72
IS 5
BP 371
EP +
DI 10.1007/s001150050766
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 431MT
UT WOS:000168635700007
PM 11386148
ER
PT J
AU Shastry, BS
AF Shastry, BS
TI Molecular genetics of Rett syndrome
SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Review
DE Rett syndrome; methyl-CpG-binding protein; genetic disorders
ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; BINDING-PROTEIN MECP2; TRANSCRIPTIONAL
REPRESSOR; LINKED INHERITANCE; METHYLATED DNA; EXCLUSION MAP;
LOCALIZATION; GENES; ABNORMALITIES; TRANSLOCATION
AB Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting almost exclusively females. It affects approximately one in 15 000 females and is characterized by a loss of purposeful hand use, autism. ataxia and seizure. The disorder is usually sporadic, but rare familial cases have also been reported. Recently it has been shown that familial cases are an X-linked dominant disorder and the disease locus maps to Xq28. A candidate gene called methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 was identified from the Xq28 region and was shown to contain mutations in about 77% of Rett syndrome patients. Since the encoded protein was previously shown to be a global transcriptional repressor, undesired expression of yet unidentified genes that are normally repressed is considered to be pathogenic in Rett syndrome. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.
RP Shastry, BS (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.
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NR 59
TC 5
Z9 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0197-0186
J9 NEUROCHEM INT
JI Neurochem. Int.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 6
BP 503
EP 508
DI 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00118-2
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 422KR
UT WOS:000168117500003
PM 11248398
ER
PT J
AU Vorhees, CV
Weisenburger, WP
Minck, DR
AF Vorhees, CV
Weisenburger, WP
Minck, DR
TI Neurobehavioral teratogenic effects of thalidomide in rats
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE thalidomide; prenatal effects; rats; Sprague-Dawley rats; developmental
neurotoxicity; Morris water maze; Cincinnati water maze
ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; VALPROIC ACID;
AUTISM; PHENYTOIN; HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA; MALNUTRITION; INTEGRATION;
PERIOD
AB Thalidomide-induced embryopathy has been known for four decades, however, the drug has been reintroduced for human use in a number of countries, including the United States. In utero thalidomide exposure in humans is associated with central nervous system (CNS) effects in addition to the well-known limb, ear and other malformations. Despite knowledge of these CNS effects,, not a single experimental study could be found that examined thalidomide for possible developmental neurobehavioral effects. In the present experiment, gravid Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either thalidomide (100 mg/kg by gavage) or vehicle (propylene glycol) on embryonic days E7-18 and allowed to deliver and raise their own offspring. The offspring were evaluated in a series of neurobehavioral tests (reflexes, locomotor activity, startle reactivity and learning in the Morris and Cincinnati water mazes). There was a small reduction in maternal weight among thalidomide-treated dams during midgestation. Thalidomide offspring showed increased preweaning mortality and male-specific, late onset reduction in growth that persisted until the end of the study. Male thalidomide offspring showed significant increases in errors and latency in the multiple-T Cincinnati water maze. Although rats are refractory to thalidomide-induced teratogenesis, the present results suggest that thalidomide selectively impairs offspring survival and growth and at least one type of learning among male offspring. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Dev Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
RP Vorhees, CV (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Dev Biol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
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NR 26
TC 10
Z9 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2001
VL 23
IS 3
BP 255
EP 264
DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(01)00140-4
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 445NK
UT WOS:000169463800004
PM 11418267
ER
PT J
AU Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LC
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
AF Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LC
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
CA Comm Children Diasabilities
TI Technical report: The pediatrician's role in the diagnosis and
management of autistic spectrum disorder in children
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; autistic spectrum disorder; pervasive developmental disorder
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
YOUNG-CHILDREN; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PARENTS
CONCERNS; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN
AB Autism and its milder variants are not rare. Most pediatricians will have the opportunity to provide a medical home for a child with autism. This technical report serves to complement and expand on the information in the accompanying policy statement to increase the pediatrician's fund of knowledge and comfort level in caring for children with autism. In so doing, it is anticipated that earlier diagnosis and referral for appropriate intervention will be possible and that this will, in turn, have a positive effect on long-term outcomes for children with autism and their families.
C1 Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Children Disabil, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA.
RP Sandler, AD (reprint author), Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Children Disabil, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA.
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1993, AAP NEWS NOV, P7
NR 199
TC 35
Z9 35
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
AR e85
PG 18
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100021
ER
PT J
AU Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LG
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
AF Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LG
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
CA Comm Children Disabilities
TI The pediatrician's role in the diagnosis and management of autistic
spectrum disorder in children
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
YOUNG-CHILDREN; PARENTS CONCERNS; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; RUBELLA;
SCIENCE; STATE; AGE
AB Primary care physicians have the opportunity, especially within the context of the medical home, to be the first point of contact when parents have concerns about their child's development or behavior. The goal of this policy statement is to help the pediatrician recognize the early symptoms of autism and participate in its diagnosis and management. This statement and the accompanying technical report will serve to familiarize the pediatrician with currently accepted criteria defining the spectrum of autism, strategies used in making a diagnosis, and conventional and alternative interventions.
CR *AM AC PED, 1993, AAP NEWS NOV, V7
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Wing L, 1997, LANCET, V350, P1761, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09218-0
ZIRING PR, 1997, PEDIATR ANN, V6, P762
NR 68
TC 88
Z9 89
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
BP 1221
EP 1226
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100060
ER
PT J
AU Kallen, RJ
AF Kallen, RJ
TI A long letter and an even longer reply about autism
magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Pediat & Adolescent Med, Childrens Med Grp, Kenosha, WI 53142 USA.
RP Kallen, RJ (reprint author), Pediat & Adolescent Med, Childrens Med Grp, Kenosha, WI 53142 USA.
CR American Academy of Pediatrics, 1996, CLASS CHILD AD MENT
American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Barton M, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P273, DOI 10.1023/A:1026052417561
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Lewine JD, 1999, PEDIATRICS, V104, P405, DOI 10.1542/peds.104.3.405
Rapin I, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V337, P97, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199707103370206
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
BP 1232
EP 1234
DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1232
PG 3
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100070
PM 11388320
ER
PT J
AU Lewine, JD
Davis, JT
Funke, M
Jones, G
Chong, B
Provencal, S
Orrison, WW
Andrews, RV
Patil, AA
Weisend, M
Lee, RR
AF Lewine, JD
Davis, JT
Funke, M
Jones, G
Chong, B
Provencal, S
Orrison, WW
Andrews, RV
Patil, AA
Weisend, M
Lee, RR
TI A long letter and an even longer reply about autism
magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography - Reply
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID SURGICAL-TREATMENT; REGRESSION; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
Ra Neurol, Omaha, NE USA.
Univ Nebraska, Dept Neurosurg, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
Vet Adm Med Ctr, Neuroradiol Sect, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Lewine, JD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
CR BINNIE CD, 1993, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V15, P23, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(93)90003-Q
Brinciotti M, 1989, Funct Neurol, V4, P235
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Grote CL, 1999, BRAIN, V122, P561, DOI 10.1093/brain/122.3.561
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Patil AA, 1998, J EPILEPSY, V11, P368, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6974(98)00036-X
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
BP 1234
EP 1236
PG 3
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100071
ER
PT J
AU Kanner, AM
Smith, MC
Devinsky, O
AF Kanner, AM
Smith, MC
Devinsky, O
TI A long letter and an even longer reply about autism
magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography - Reply
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
NYU Med Ctr, New York, NY USA.
RP Kanner, AM (reprint author), Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
CR Nass R, 1999, PEDIATR NEUROL, V21, P464, DOI 10.1016/S0887-8994(99)00029-6
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
BP 1236
EP 1236
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100072
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, W
Weaver, L
Brian, J
Bryson, S
Emelianova, S
Griffiths, AM
MacKinnon, B
Yim, C
Wolpin, J
Koren, G
AF Roberts, W
Weaver, L
Brian, J
Bryson, S
Emelianova, S
Griffiths, AM
MacKinnon, B
Yim, C
Wolpin, J
Koren, G
TI Repeated doses of porcine secretin in the treatment of autism: A
randomized, placebo-controlled trial
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; secretin; language; behavior; cognitive functioning;
gastrointestinal abnormalities
ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW
AB Background and Objectives. Anecdotal reports on the efficacy of secretin in autism raised great hopes for the treatment of children with this disorder. Initial single-dose, randomized, controlled trials failed to demonstrate any therapeutic effects of secretin. The present study is the first to test the outcome of repeated doses and to examine whether there is a subgroup of children who are more likely to achieve positive effects.
Method. Sixty-four children with autism (ages 2-7 years; 55 boys and 9 girls) with a range of intelligence quotient and verbal ability were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to secretin or placebo groups. Children received 2 doses of placebo or porcine secretin, 6 weeks apart. Assessments were performed at baseline and 3 weeks after each injection using several outcome measures.
Results. There were no group differences on formal measures of language, cognition, or autistic symptomatology. Subgroupings based on cognitive level, the presence or absence of diarrhea, or a history of regression failed to show any significant therapeutic effects of secretin.
Conclusion. No evidence is provided for the efficacy of repeated doses of porcine secretin in the treatment of children with autism. The possible relationship between relief of biological symptoms and enhanced skill performance is discussed.
C1 Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Child Dev Ctr, Autism Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Clin Pharmacol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Toxicol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
RP Roberts, W (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Child Dev Ctr, Autism Res Unit, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BRYSON SE, 1996, P ANN M NEUR TER SOC
Bryson SE, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P97, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<97::AID-MRDD6>3.0.CO;2-U
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Chez MG, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1005443119324
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ROMBOUGH V, 2000, THESIS YORK U TORONT
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Sattler JM, 1990, ASSESSMENT CHILDREN
Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE
Wing L., 1987, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3
Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S
NR 22
TC 25
Z9 25
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 5
BP art. no.
EP e71
DI 10.1542/peds.107.5.e71
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 427NA
UT WOS:000168411100008
PM 11331721
ER
PT J
AU Jenkins, SC
AF Jenkins, SC
TI Unraveling the mystery of autism and pervasive developmental disorder: A
mother's story of research and recovery
SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Associates 2000, Rochester, MN USA.
RP Jenkins, SC (reprint author), Associates 2000, Rochester, MN USA.
CR SEROUSSI K, 2000, UNRAVELING MYSTERY A
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 1075-2730
J9 PSYCHIATR SERV
JI Psychiatr. Serv.
PD MAY
PY 2001
VL 52
IS 5
BP 697
EP 698
DI 10.1176/appi.ps.52.5.697
PG 2
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Psychiatry
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Psychiatry
GA 432GB
UT WOS:000168682900037
ER
PT J
AU Maestro, S
Muratori, F
Barbieri, F
Casella, C
Cattaneo, V
Cavallaro, MC
Cesari, A
Milone, A
Rizzo, L
Viglione, V
Stern, DD
Palacio-Espasa, F
AF Maestro, S
Muratori, F
Barbieri, F
Casella, C
Cattaneo, V
Cavallaro, MC
Cesari, A
Milone, A
Rizzo, L
Viglione, V
Stern, DD
Palacio-Espasa, F
TI Early behavioral development in autistic children: The first 2 years of
life through home movies
SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; home movies; infant psychiatry; theory of mind
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; MIND; 1ST
AB Objective: The main aim of the research is to study the early behavioral development in autistic children through home movies. Methods: fifteen home movies, regarding the first 2 years of life of autistic children are compared with the home movies of 15 normal children. The films of the two groups were mixed and rated by blind ratings with the Grid for the Assessment of Normal Behavior in Infants and Toddlers. The grid is composed of 17 items grouped into three developmental areas: social competence, intersubjectivity and symbolic activity. For every area, we have identified specific children's behaviors. Results: Significant differences between the two groups are found both in the range of age 0-6 for intersubjectivity, and in the ranges of age 6-12 and 18-24 for symbolic activity. Conclusions: The authors pose some hypotheses about an early-appearing impairment of intersubjectivity, the ability to represent other's state of mind, in subjects with autistic disorder. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
C1 IUPG, Geneva, Switzerland.
NYU, Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA.
Univ Pisa, Div Child Neuropsychiat, Sci Inst Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
RP Muratori, F (reprint author), IRCCS, Via Giacinti 2, I-56018 Pisa, Italy.
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THREVARTHEN C, 1998, INTERSUBJECTIVE COMM
NR 34
TC 55
Z9 58
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0254-4962
J9 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
JI Psychopathology
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 3
BP 147
EP 152
DI 10.1159/000049298
PG 6
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 430EQ
UT WOS:000168561700007
PM 11316961
ER
PT J
AU Mudford, OC
Martin, NT
Eikeseth, S
Bibby, P
AF Mudford, OC
Martin, NT
Eikeseth, S
Bibby, P
TI Parent-managed behavioral treatment for preschool children with autism:
some characteristics of UK programs
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROJECT; INTERVENTION; RECOVERY
AB Early intensive behavioral intervention for autism has attracted controversy since Lovaas (1987) reported that 47% of his experimental group attained normal functioning. We summarize child and program data from 75 children receiving EIBI in the UK. The majority of children (57%) started treatment later than in Lovaas (1987), and 16% did not exceed his minimum IQ criterion. Children experienced fewer hours of treatment (mean of 32 hours vs. 40 hours per week), and their programs received relatively infrequent supervision. 21% of programs received supervision from individuals currently accredited as competent to provide Lovaas's treatment. No child started early enough, and received 40 hours per week, and had accredited supervision. Due to these variations from his model, Lovaas (1987) findings are unlikely to be replicated for this sample of children. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England.
RP Bibby, P (reprint author), Univ Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63
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Lovaas O. I., 1988, ADV CLIN CHILD PSYCH, V11, P285
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Sheinkopf SJ, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P15, DOI 10.1023/A:1026054701472
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World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS DIS REL HL
NR 24
TC 36
Z9 36
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 3
BP 173
EP 182
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00066-X
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 435GT
UT WOS:000168869600001
PM 11380057
ER
PT J
AU Taubman, M
Brierley, S
Wishner, J
Baker, D
McEachin, J
Leaf, RB
AF Taubman, M
Brierley, S
Wishner, J
Baker, D
McEachin, J
Leaf, RB
TI The effectiveness of a group discrete trial instructional approach for
preschoolers with developmental disabilities
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; AUTISM; CHILDREN; STUDENTS; COMMUNICATION;
INTERVENTION; CLASSROOMS
AB Group behavioral classroom instruction for children with developmental disabilities has been shown to allow for increased efficiency, approximation to naturalistic arrangements, and enhanced opportunity for interaction, social teaching and observational learning. This study examines the effectiveness of a group instructional extension of one to one discrete trial teaching, which involves the overlapping of trials between students along with the use of sequential and choral group teaching. A multiple baseline design across tasks was employed to examine the effectiveness of the group instructional approach in promoting acquisition of educational skills among preschoolers with autism and other developmental disabilities. A time sample interval assessment of components of the group instruction was also conducted. The approach was demonstrated to consistently increase correct responding across the task areas. Results are discussed in terms of the advantages of the group instructional approach as an adjunct to one to one discrete trial instruction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Autism Partnership, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA.
RP Taubman, M (reprint author), Autism Partnership, 200 C Marina Dr, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA.
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NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 3
BP 205
EP 219
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00068-3
PG 15
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 435GT
UT WOS:000168869600003
PM 11380059
ER
PT J
AU Ashraf, H
AF Ashraf, H
TI LIS expert group rejects link between MMR and autism
SO LANCET
LA English
DT News Item
ID PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHILDREN
CR Kawashima H, 2000, DIGEST DIS SCI, V45, P723, DOI 10.1023/A:1005443726670
Kawashima H, 1996, ARCH VIROL, V141, P877, DOI 10.1007/BF01718162
Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD APR 28
PY 2001
VL 357
IS 9265
BP 1341
EP 1341
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04531-1
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 427ND
UT WOS:000168411400018
PM 11343745
ER
PT J
AU Gillberg, C
AF Gillberg, C
TI Child neuropsychiatric perspectives contribute to understanding
psychosocial disadvantage
SO LAKARTIDNINGEN
LA Swedish
DT Article
ID DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER
AB At least five per cent of the general population of children suffer from severe neuropsychiatric impairment. Autism spectrum disorders, ADHD/DAMP, Tourette's syndrome, and a variety of cognitive impairment/neurological syndromes with severe behavioral/emotional symptoms are included among the child neuropsychiatric disorders, the majority of which will lead to ongoing social and academic problems in adult life. Substantial numbers of those affected commit crimes in early adult life, and the incidence of the above-mentioned disorders is higher among young criminal offenders. Early diagnosis, educational, psychological, and, occasionally, medical therapies can affect outcome in a positive way. Child neuropsychiatric disorders should therefore be recognized at an early age so that attitudes can be changed from rejection to understanding, and a gloomy psychosocial outcome avoided.
C1 Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Clin, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Clin, Kungsgatan 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
CR Aronson M, 1997, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V39, P583
Barkley R. A., 1998, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V2nd
COHEND J, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE
FRITH U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P247
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Gillberg C, 1999, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V99, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00984.x
Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO
Harris J. C., 1995, DEV NEUROPSYCHIATRY
Kadesjo B, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P548, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200005000-00007
Kadesjo B, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P820, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199907000-00011
Rasmussen P, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P1424, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200011000-00017
Robertson MM, 2000, BRAIN, V123, P425, DOI 10.1093/brain/123.3.425
Rutter M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P19
Whitaker AH, 1997, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V54, P847
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SVERIGES LAKARFORBUND
PI STOCKHOLM
PA POST BOX 5603, 114 86 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SN 0023-7205
J9 LAKARTIDNINGEN
JI Lakartidningen
PD APR 25
PY 2001
VL 98
IS 17
BP 2032
EP 2034
PG 3
GA 426CN
UT WOS:000168332600003
PM 11374232
ER
PT J
AU Stoll, C
AF Stoll, C
TI Problems in the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome in young children are
still present
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; mental retardation; X-linked mental retardation; Prader-Willi
syndrome
ID SOTOS SYNDROME; AUTISM
AB Fragile X syndrome is common; its prevalence approaches 1 per 5,000, Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation. Many professionals must deal with fragile X individuals on a daily basis. However, despite the diverse information on the epidemiology, clinical features, unique pattern of inheritance, cytogenetic, and molecular diagnosis and scales for the diagnosis of this syndrome, the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome is still not always made by the patients' specialists. Here we present the difficulties in the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome in 11 children under 8 years of age, 10 boys and one girl. We report data on initial symptoms, behavioral features, and physical and mental development before molecular studies were considered. The possible causes for the diagnosis delay were multiple: nonspecific features (e.g,, macrocephaly, overgrowth, obesity), unremarkable physical examination, family history apparently noncontributory, and lack of or delayed molecular testing, Careful clinical examination of young children and DNA screening in case of doubt, and education of professionals in medical specialty areas, behavioral sciences, education, and other fields are recommended. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss,Inc.
C1 Ctr Hosp Univ, Serv Genet Med, Strasbourg, France.
RP Stoll, C (reprint author), Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, Ave Moliere, F-67098 Strasbourg, France.
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NR 18
TC 11
Z9 12
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD APR 22
PY 2001
VL 100
IS 2
BP 110
EP 115
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010422)100:2<110::AID-AJMG1242>3.0.CO;2-I
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 417XZ
UT WOS:000167861900005
PM 11298371
ER
PT J
AU Fatemi, SH
Halt, AR
Stary, JM
Realmuto, GM
Jalali-Mousavi, M
AF Fatemi, SH
Halt, AR
Stary, JM
Realmuto, GM
Jalali-Mousavi, M
TI Reduction in anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in autistic cerebellum
SO NEUROREPORT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology
CY DEC, 2000
CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO
SP Amer Coll Neuropsychopharmacol
DE beta-actin; apoptosis; autism; bcl-2; cerebellum; neuron-specific
beta-tubulin; schizophrenia; Western blotting
ID EXPRESSION; BRAIN; MITOCHONDRIA; DISORDERS; DISEASE; FAMILY; CORTEX;
DEATH; BAX
AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental etiologies. Neurohistologic findings have shown Purkinje cell depletion and atrophy in the cerebellum of autistic subjects. We hypothesized that apoptotic mechanisms might explain these Purkinje cell findings. Bcl-2 is a potent anti-apoptotic regulatory protein, which is reduced in schizophrenic brains. Autistic and normal control cerebellar cortices matched for age, sex and PMI were prepared for SDS-gel electrophoresis and Western blotting using specific anti-Bcl-2 antibodies. Quantification of Bcl-2 showed a significant 34-51% reduction in autistic cerebellum (mean (+/- s.d.) optical density/75 mug protein 0.290 +/- 0.08, n = 5) compared with controls (0.595 +/- 0.31, n = 8; p < 0.04); levels of neuronal-specific class III (-tubulin (controls 49.8 +/- 6.7; autistics 36.2 +/- 18.2), or (beta -actin (controls 7.3 +/- 12.7; autistics 6.77 +/- 0.66) in the same homogenates did not differ significantly between groups. These results indicate for the first time that autistic cerebellum may be vulnerable to pro-apoptotic stimuli and to neuronal atrophy as a consequence of decreased Bcl-2 levels. NeuroReport 12:929-933 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Box 392,Mayo Bldg,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
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Chen RW, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P6039, DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.10.6039
Fatemi SH, 2000, NEUROREPORT, V11, P1493, DOI 10.1097/00001756-200005150-00026
Fatemi SH, 1999, MOL PSYCHIATR, V4, P145, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000520
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Green DR, 1998, SCIENCE, V281, P1309, DOI 10.1126/science.281.5381.1309
JARSKOG FL, 2000, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V48, P651
Jarskog LF, 2000, DEV BRAIN RES, V119, P225, DOI 10.1016/S0165-3806(99)00176-5
Kemper T. L., 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P19
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NR 24
TC 47
Z9 47
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-4965
J9 NEUROREPORT
JI Neuroreport
PD APR 17
PY 2001
VL 12
IS 5
BP 929
EP 933
DI 10.1097/00001756-200104170-00013
PG 5
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 418RR
UT WOS:000167905600014
PM 11303762
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, PD
Schutz, CK
Macciardi, F
White, BN
Holden, JJA
AF Robinson, PD
Schutz, CK
Macciardi, F
White, BN
Holden, JJA
TI Genetically determined low maternal serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase
levels and the etiology of autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TUBEROUS-SCLEROSIS; FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; GENE; BEHAVIOR; LINKAGE;
BLOOD; LOCUS; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; DINUCLEOTIDE; PHENOTYPE
AB Autism, a neurodevelopmental disability characterized by repetitive stereopathies and deficits in reciprocal social interaction and communication, has a strong genetic basis, Since previous findings showed that some families with autistic children have a low level of serum dopamine P-hydroxylase (DPH), which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, we examined the DBH gene as a candidate locus in families with two or more children with autism spectrum disorder using the affected sib-pair method. DBH alleles are defined by a polymorphic AC repeal and the presence/ absence (DBH+/DBH-) of a 19-bp sequence 118 bp downstream in the 5 ' flanking region of the gene. There was no increased concordance for DBH alleles in affected siblings, but the mothers had a higher frequency of alleles containing the 19-bp deletion (DBH-), compared to an ethnically similar Canadian comparison group (phi (2) = 4.20, df = 1, P = 0.02 for all multiplex mothers; (phi (2) = 4.71, df = 1, P < 0.02 for mothers with only affected sons). Although the odds ratios suggested only a moderate relevance for the DBH-allele as a risk allele, the attributable risk was high (42%), indicating that this allele is an important factor in determining the risk for having a child with autism. DBH genotypes also differed significantly among mothers and controls, with 37% of mothers with two affected sons having two alleles, compared to 19% of controls ((2) = 5.81, df = 2, P = 0.03). D betaH enzyme activity was lower in mothers of autistic children than in controls (mean was 23.20 +/- 15.35 iU/ liter for mothers vs. 33.14 +/- 21.39 iU/liter for controls; t = -1.749, df = 46, P = 0.044). The DBH-allele was associated with lower mean serum D betaH enzyme activity (nondeletion homozygotes: 41.02 +/- 24.34 iU/liter; heterozygotes: 32.07 +/- 18.10 iU/liter; and deletion homozygotes: 22.31 +/- 13.48 iU/liter; F = 5.217, df = 2, P = 0.007) ina pooled sample of mothers and controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that lowered maternal serum I)PH activity results in a suboptimal uterine environment (decreased norepinephrine relative to dopamine), which, in conjunction with genotypic susceptibility of the fetus, results in autism spectrum disorder in some families. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Ongwanada Rsource Ctr, Cytogenet & DNA Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada.
McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Univ Toronto, CAMH, Unit Genet Epidemiol, Toronto, ON, Canada.
McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
Queens Univ, Dept Physiol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RP Holden, JJA (reprint author), Ongwanada Rsource Ctr, Cytogenet & DNA Res Lab, 191 Portsmouth Ave, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 48
TC 58
Z9 58
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 100
IS 1
BP 30
EP 36
DI 10.1002/ajmg.1187
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 415HU
UT WOS:000167716100005
PM 11337745
ER
PT J
AU Rojas, DC
Bawn, SD
Benkers, TL
Reite, ML
Rogers, SJ
AF Rojas, DC
Bawn, SD
Benkers, TL
Reite, ML
Rogers, SJ
TI Absence of planum temporale asymmetry in adults with autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
RI Rojas, Don/F-4296-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
SU S
MA 108
BP 31S
EP 31S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423ET
UT WOS:000168163000107
ER
PT J
AU Silverman, JM
Smith, CJ
Schmeidler, J
Hollander, E
Lawlor, BA
Fitzgerald, M
Buxbaum, JD
Delaney, K
AF Silverman, JM
Smith, CJ
Schmeidler, J
Hollander, E
Lawlor, BA
Fitzgerald, M
Buxbaum, JD
Delaney, K
TI Symptom domains in autism and related conditions: Evidence for
familiality
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA.
Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Psychiat Serv, Bronx, NY USA.
St James Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 8, Ireland.
St Patricks Hosp, Dublin, Ireland.
Trinity Coll, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
SU S
MA 112
BP 32S
EP 32S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423ET
UT WOS:000168163000110
ER
PT J
AU Wilcox, JA
Tsuang, MT
AF Wilcox, JA
Tsuang, MT
TI SPECT abnormalities in the developmental course of autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Neuropsychiat, Div Psychiat, El Paso, TX 79905 USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
SU S
MA 315
BP 91S
EP 91S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423ET
UT WOS:000168163000310
ER
PT J
AU Wilcox, JA
AF Wilcox, JA
TI A novel chromosomal anomaly in autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neuropsychiat, Div Psychiat, El Paso, TX 79905 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
SU S
MA 562
BP 164S
EP 164S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423ET
UT WOS:000168163000554
ER
PT J
AU Pierce, K
Courchesne, E
AF Pierce, K
Courchesne, E
TI Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped
behavior in autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; cerebellum; exploration; stereotyped behavior; frontal lobes;
repetitive behavior
ID DEGENERATION MUTANT MICE; SPONTANEOUS-ALTERNATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ATTENTION; PATTERNS; CHILDREN; DISCRIMINATION;
INVOLVEMENT; ABNORMALITY
AB Background: Although limited environmental exploration in autism is an obvious behavioral feature and may be a manifestation of "restricted interests" as described in DSM-IV criteria, there have been no behavioral or neurobiological studies of this important aspect of the disorder. Given consistent reports of cerebellar abnormality in autism, combined with animal research showing a relationship between exploration and the cerebellum, this study aimed to test the possible link between cerebellar abnormality and exploration in autism.
Methods: The relationship between visuospatial exploration, stereotyped motor movements, and magnetic resonance imaging measures of the cerebellar vermis, whole brain volume, and frontal lobes in 14 autistic and 14 normal children was investigated. Children were exposed to a large room with several exploration containers and instructed to play. Exploration behavior was videotaped and scored for percentage of time engaged in exploration, number of containers explored, as well as stereotyped movements.
Results: Children with autism spent significantly less rime in active exploration and explored fewer containers overall than normal children. Measures of decreased exploration were significantly correlated with the magnitude of cerebellar hypoplasia of vermal lobules VI-VII in the autistic children, but no relationship to vermis size was found with normal control children. Further measures of rates of stereotyped behavior were significantly negatively correlated with area measures of cerebellar vermis lobules VI-VII and positively correlated with frontal lobe volume in the autism sample.
Conclusions: Reduced environmental exploration and repetitive behavior may have particularly important developmental consequences for children with autism be cause it may lead them to miss learning opportunities that fall outside their scope of interest. Our findings represent the first documented link between the restricted range of interests and stereotyped behaviors pathognomonic of autism and particular neuroanatomic sires. (C) 2001 Society of Biological Psychiatry.
C1 Univ Calif, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Res Neurosci Autism Lab, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Pierce, K (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dept Neurosci, Sch Med, 8110 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
CR Allen G, 1997, SCIENCE, V275, P1940, DOI 10.1126/science.275.5308.1940
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NR 43
TC 183
Z9 187
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
BP 655
EP 664
DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01008-8
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423BL
UT WOS:000168155500001
PM 11313033
ER
PT J
AU Muller, RA
Pierce, K
Ambrose, JB
Allen, G
Courchesne, E
AF Muller, RA
Pierce, K
Ambrose, JB
Allen, G
Courchesne, E
TI Atypical patterns of cerebral motor activation in autism: A functional
magnetic resonance study
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; motor; neuroimaging; fMRI; individual variability
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN-STEM; MOVEMENT; PET;
CEREBELLAR; CORTEX; MRI; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN
AB Background: Early neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in autism potentially affects emerging functional maps, but little imaging evidence is available.
Methods: We studied eight male autistic and eight marched normal subjects, using functional magnetic resonance imaging during visually paced finger movement, compared to a control condition (visual stimulation in the absence of motor response).
Results: Groupwise analyses showed activation in contralateral perirolandic cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus, bilateral supplementary motor area, and ipsilateral cerebellum for both groups. However, activations were less pronounced in the autism group. Direct group com parisons demonstrated greater activation in perirolandic and supplementary motor areas in the control group and greater activation (or reduced deactivation) in posterior and prefrontal cortices in the autism group, Intraindividual analyses further showed that strongest activations were consistently located along the contralateral central sulcus in control subjects bur occurred in locations differing from individual to individual in the autism group.
Conclusions: Our findings, though based on a rather small sample, suggest abnormal individual variability of functional maps and less distinct regional activation/deactivation patterns in autism. The observations may relate to known motor impairments in autism and are compatible with the general hypothesis of disturbances of functional differentiation in the autistic cerebrum. (C) 2001 Society of Biological Psychiatry.
C1 Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Lab Neurosci Autism, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Muller, RA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Lab Neurosci Autism, 8110 Jolla Shores Dr 200, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
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NR 68
TC 89
Z9 90
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 8
BP 665
EP 676
DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01004-0
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 423BL
UT WOS:000168155500002
PM 11313034
ER
PT J
AU Palferman, S
Matthews, N
Turner, H
Moore, J
Hervas, A
Aubin, A
Wallace, S
Michelotti, J
Wainhouse, C
Paul, A
Thompson, E
Murin, M
Gupta, R
Garner, C
Pickles, A
Rutter, M
Bailey, A
Lamb, JA
Marlow, A
Scudder, P
Barnby, G
Monaco, AP
Baird, G
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Docherty, Z
Warburton, P
Green, EP
Abbs, SJ
Le Couteur, A
McConachie, HR
Berney, T
Kelly, TP
De Vries, PJ
Bolton, P
Green, J
Gilchrist, A
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Bolton, B
Packer, R
Maestrini, E
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Tauber, MT
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Papanikolaou, K
Lord, C
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Cook, E
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Bailey, J
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Chrzanowski, L
Levitt, J
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Volkmar, F
Weeks, DE
AF Palferman, S
Matthews, N
Turner, H
Moore, J
Hervas, A
Aubin, A
Wallace, S
Michelotti, J
Wainhouse, C
Paul, A
Thompson, E
Murin, M
Gupta, R
Garner, C
Pickles, A
Rutter, M
Bailey, A
Lamb, JA
Marlow, A
Scudder, P
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Monaco, AP
Baird, G
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Green, EP
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Green, J
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Whittacker, J
Bolton, B
Packer, R
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De Jonge, MV
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Beyer, KS
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Poustka, A
Benner, A
Poustka, F
Ruhl, D
Schmotzer, G
Bolte, S
Feineis-Matthews, S
Fombonne, E
Roge, B
Fremolle-Kruck, J
Pienkowski, C
Tauber, MT
Pedersen, L
Brondum-Nielsen, K
Eriksen, G
Haracopos, D
Cotterill, RMJ
Tsiantis, J
Papanikolaou, K
Lord, C
Corsello, C
Guter, S
Leventhal, B
Cook, E
Smalley, S
Bailey, J
Liu, A
Dedricks, M
Chrzanowski, L
Levitt, J
Pauls, D
Volkmar, F
Weeks, DE
CA Intl Molecular Genetic Study Autis
TI Further characterization of the autism susceptibility locus AUTS1 on
chromosome 7q
SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SIB-PAIR LINKAGE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS;
GENOMIC SCREEN; IMPRINTED GENE; REGION; DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISORDER;
DISEASE; ASSOCIATION
AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that usually arises on the basis of a complex genetic predisposition. The most significant susceptibility region in the first whole genome screen of multiplex families was on chromosome 7q, although this linkage was evident only in UK IMGSAC families. Subsequently all other genome screens of non-UK families have found some evidence of increased allele sharing in an overlapping 40 cM region of 7q. To further characterize this susceptibility locus, linkage analysis has now been completed on 170 multiplex IMGSAC families. Using a 5 cM marker grid, analysis of 125 sib pairs meeting stringent inclusion criteria resulted in a multipoint maximum LOD score (MLS) of 2.15 at F7S477, whereas analysis of all 153 sib pairs generated an MLS of 3.37. The 71 non-UK sib pairs now contribute to this linkage. Linkage disequilibrium mapping identified two regions of association-one lying under the peak of linkage, the other some 27 cM distal. These results are supported in part by findings in independent German and American singleton families.
C1 Inst Psychiat, Ctr Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child Psychiat Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England.
Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England.
Guys Hosp, Div Med & Mol Genet, Reg Genet Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England.
Flemming Nuffield Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
Newcastle Gen Hosp, Dept Neuropsychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 6BE, Tyne & Wear, England.
Univ Cambridge, Sch Clin, Dev Psychiat Sect, Cambridge, England.
Univ Manchester, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Manchester M9 2AA, Lancs, England.
European Ctr Collect Anim Cell Cultures, Salisbury, Wilts, England.
Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
AZU, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany.
Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany.
Hop La Grace, Unite Diagnost & Evaluat Autisme, Toulouse, France.
Natl Ctr Autism, Virum, Denmark.
Danish Tech Univ, Lyngby, Denmark.
Agia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychol Paediat, Athens, Greece.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Bailey, A (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Ctr Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England.
RI Turner, Martha/C-1867-2008; Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Pickles,
Andrew/A-9625-2011; Weeks, Daniel/B-2995-2012; Maestrini,
Elena/K-7508-2012; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bolton,
Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014
OI Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Pickles,
Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey,
Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X
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NR 52
TC 124
Z9 125
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0964-6906
J9 HUM MOL GENET
JI Hum. Mol. Genet.
PD APR 15
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 9
BP 973
EP 982
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 428ZA
UT WOS:000168490500009
ER
PT J
AU Baron, M
AF Baron, M
TI Living off autism
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD APR 7
PY 2001
VL 170
IS 2285
BP 53
EP 53
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 419YZ
UT WOS:000167978300044
ER
PT J
AU Rapin, I
AF Rapin, I
TI An 8-year-old boy with autism
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BEHAVIORAL
TREATMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; TUBEROUS
SCLEROSIS; DYSPHASIC CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; COMMUNICATION
C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Kennedy Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
RP Rapin, I (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Kennedy Ctr, Room 807,1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
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NR 97
TC 5
Z9 5
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA
SN 0098-7484
EI 1538-3598
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 4
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 13
BP 1749
EP 1757
DI 10.1001/jama.285.13.1749
PG 9
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 415FR
UT WOS:000167710600029
PM 11277830
ER
PT J
AU Petek, E
Windpassinger, C
Vincent, JB
Cheung, J
Boright, AP
Scherer, SW
Kroisel, PM
Wagner, K
AF Petek, E
Windpassinger, C
Vincent, JB
Cheung, J
Boright, AP
Scherer, SW
Kroisel, PM
Wagner, K
TI Disruption of a novel gene (IMMP2L) by a breakpoint in 7q31 associated
with Tourette syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSLOCATION BREAKPOINT; IDENTIFICATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; LOCALIZATION;
EXPRESSION; DISORDERS; PROTEASE; LINKAGE; CLONING; AUTISM
AB Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and phonic tics. We identified a male patient with GTS and other anomalies. It was determined that he carried a de novo duplication of the long arm of chromosome 7 [46,XY,dup(7)(q22.1-q31.1)]. Further molecular analysis revealed that the duplication was inverted. The distal chromosomal breakpoint occurred between the two genetic markers D7S515 and D7S522, which define a region previously shown to be disrupted in a familiar case of GTS. Yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome clones spanning the breakpoints were identified by means of FISH analysis. To further characterize the distal breakpoint for a role in GTS, we performed Southern blot hybridization analysis and identified a 6.5-kb SacI junction fragment in the patient's genomic DNA. The DNA sequence of this fragment revealed two different breaks in 7q31 within a region of similar to 500 kb. IMMP2L, a novel gene coding for the apparent human homologue of the yeast mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase subunit 2, was found to be disrupted by both the breakpoint in the duplicated fragment and the insertion site in 7q31. The cDNA of the human IMMP2L gene was cloned, and analysis of the complete 1,522-bp transcript revealed that it encompassed six exons spanning 860 kb. The possible role of IMMP2L and several other candidate genes within the region of chromosomal rearrangement, including NRCAM, Leu-Rch Rep, and Reelin, is discussed. The 7q31 breakpoint interval has also been implicated in other neuropsychiatric diseases that demonstrate some clinical overlap with GTS, including autism and speech-language disorder.
C1 Graz Univ, Inst Med Biol & Human Genet, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
RP Petek, E (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Med Biol & Human Genet, Harrachgasse 21-8, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013
OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999
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TC 89
Z9 97
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 68
IS 4
BP 848
EP 858
DI 10.1086/319523
PG 11
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 414KQ
UT WOS:000167666000006
PM 11254443
ER
PT J
AU Rapp, JT
Dozier, CL
Carr, JE
AF Rapp, JT
Dozier, CL
Carr, JE
TI Functional assessment and treatment of pica: A single-case experiment
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID REINFORCERS
AB The pica of a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with autism was initially shown to persist in the absence of socially mediated consequences. In an attempt to provide a competing source of oral stimulation, we used a stimulus preference assessment to identify food items that were subsequently presented noncontingently. However, the noncontingent schedule could not be thinned to a practical variation while still maintaining reductions in pica. A subsequent multielement evaluation of response blocking and verbal reprimands demonstrated that neither intervention both produced and maintained low levels of pica. Verbal reprimands were then used in conjunction with noncontingent food presentation, but this intervention did not produce significant reductions in pica. Suppression of pica was ultimately obtained in both a clinic setting and in the child's natural environment using contingent, varied auditory stimulation. The results are discussed in the context of the 'least restrictive alternative' model of treatment selection. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Rapp, JT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
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NR 16
TC 11
Z9 11
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 2
BP 111
EP 125
DI 10.1002/bin.79
PG 15
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 433UV
UT WOS:000168779800004
ER
PT J
AU Todd, RD
AF Todd, RD
TI Probing the nature of child psychopathology
SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DIABETES-MELLITUS; LATENT CLASS; AUTISM;
DISORDER; ADHD; PHENOTYPE; ETIOLOGY; INFANTS; MONKEYS
AB Conceptualizations of the importance and mechanisms of involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology are undergoing major changes. In this article, an evolutionary and epidemiologic basis for such changing conceptualizations is outlined. Examples illustrating these principles are drawn from the literature of animal behavior, normal human behavior, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Implications of these findings for both etiologic and treatment studies are proposed.
C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
RP Todd, RD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Box 8134,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
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NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399 USA
SN 1056-4993
J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL
JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 2
BP 209
EP +
PG 17
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 431RB
UT WOS:000168643400003
PM 11351795
ER
PT J
AU Cook, EH
AF Cook, EH
TI Genetics of autism
SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Review
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5-HTT;
DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM;
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; MULTIPLEX FAMILIES; PROXIMAL 15Q;
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
AB Autism is one of the most strongly heritable complex genetic medical disorders, with heritability stronger than diabetes, asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Similar to these other disorders, autism is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology. The most common specific etiology appears to be maternally inherited duplications of 15q11-q13, but these only account for 1% to 3% of cases of autism. For most cases of autism, estimates of no fewer than two and possibly more than 20 autism-susceptibility genes acting in concert have been proposed, based on the available data. Several genome-wide screens have been conducted, as have several family-based, controlled association studies. No specific variant has been identified for which there is certainty of its involvement in autism, but it is likely that the first confirmed autism-susceptibility gene variant will be identified from one of the currently identified regions or genes of interest during the current decade. Clinical implications of genetic research, including recurrence risk estimates and screening procedures, are reviewed.
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Comm Genet Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Comm Genet Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Comm Clin Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Comm Clin Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Cook, EH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Comm Genet Pharmacol, MC 3077,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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NR 127
TC 61
Z9 62
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399 USA
SN 1056-4993
J9 CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL
JI Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 2
BP 333
EP +
PG 20
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 431RB
UT WOS:000168643400010
PM 11351802
ER
PT J
AU Caviness, VS
AF Caviness, VS
TI Research strategies in autism: a story with two sides
SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
RP Caviness, VS (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
CR Filipek PA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P439, DOI 10.1023/A:1021943802493
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NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1350-7540
J9 CURR OPIN NEUROL
JI Curr. Opin. Neurol.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 2
BP 141
EP 143
DI 10.1097/00019052-200104000-00001
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 430GA
UT WOS:000168565100001
PM 11262726
ER
PT J
AU Nasr, JT
Gabis, L
Savatic, M
Andriola, MR
AF Nasr, John T.
Gabis, Lidia
Savatic, Mirjana
Andriola, Mary R.
TI The Electroencephalogram in Children with Developmental Dysphasia
SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; dysphasia; electroencephalogram; language
AB Speech and language delay is a common developmental or acquired disorder. It can be a feature of the autistic spectrum, and if regression of language coincides with epilepsy, the diagnosis of Landau-Kleffner syndrome is considered. Slow acquisition of language without regression is called developmental dysphasia. A retrospective review of clinical and electroencephalographic (including video electroencephalographic) data on 138 children with speech/language delay, seen in a year's time, is presented. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was abnormal in 61% of children with a history of language regression. The EEG was abnormal in only 15% of children with developmental language disorder, most of whom also had clinical seizures. The difference between the two groups was highly significant (P = 0.004). Therefore obtaining an EEG in children with regression of language, especially if a history of clinical seizures is elicited, is indicated. (C) 2001 Academic Press
C1 [Nasr, John T.; Gabis, Lidia; Savatic, Mirjana; Andriola, Mary R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Gabis, L (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, HSC T12-020, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM lgabis@neuro.som.sunysb.edu
CR Aicardi J, 1986, INT REV CHILD NEUROL
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NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1525-5050
J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV
JI Epilepsy Behav.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 2
IS 2
BP 115
EP 118
DI 10.1006/ebeh.2001.0159
PG 4
WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA V21LE
UT WOS:000208208300007
ER
PT J
AU Casavant, TL
Braun, TA
Kaliannan, S
Scheetz, TE
Munn, KJ
Birkett, CL
AF Casavant, TL
Braun, TA
Kaliannan, S
Scheetz, TE
Munn, KJ
Birkett, CL
TI A parallel/distributed architecture for hierarchically heterogeneous
web-based cooperative applications
SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE distributed; GenoMap; genetic; linkage; socket server
ID LINKAGE
AB A new class of applications is described which requires cooperation among diverse users in multiple data and problem instance domains. The hierarchy of parallelism includes heterogeneity within a single instance of the problem, homogeneity among subsets of users within a problem domain, and multiple problem domains which share computational resources. The particular problem of genetic linkage analysis is used to illustrate and implement the architecture. GenoMap, the first implementation of this system is being deployed for several groups of cooperating users at multiple institutions in a study to isolate the,genomic locus of the controlling gene(s) in several diseases including autism. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Parallel Proc Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Genet Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Braun, TA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Parallel Proc Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
CR CASAVANT TL, TRECE981213 U IOW
CORNELL G, 1997, CORE JAVA
COTTINGHAM RW, 1993, AM J HUM GENET, V53, P252
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GUSELLA JF, 1983, NATURE, V306
LALONEL J, 1996, ANAL GENETIC LINKAGE, P111
OTT J, 1991, ANAL HUMAN GENETIC L, P108
Scheetz TE, 1998, PARALLEL COMPUT, V24, P1567, DOI 10.1016/S0167-8191(98)00072-6
TANENBAUM AS, 1996, MODERN OPERATING SYS, P181
1995, HUMAN GENOME NEWS, V7
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-739X
J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY
JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 17
IS 6
BP 783
EP 793
DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(00)00104-7
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA 418TR
UT WOS:000167907900013
ER
PT J
AU Anthony, A
Waring, R
Murch, SH
Wakefield, AJ
AF Anthony, A
Waring, R
Murch, SH
Wakefield, AJ
TI Glutamine and glutamate: Glutamine ratios in children with regressive
autism and entero-colitis: Preliminary evidence for an entero-colonic
encephalopathy?
SO GASTROENTEROLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Royal Free Hosp, Sch Med, London, England.
UCL, Sch Med, London W1N 8AA, England.
Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA
SN 0016-5085
J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY
JI Gastroenterology
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 120
IS 5
SU 1
MA 3907
BP A726
EP A726
PG 1
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 429KA
UT WOS:000168514703608
ER
PT J
AU Slager, SL
Foroud, T
Haghighi, F
Spence, MA
Hodge, SE
AF Slager, SL
Foroud, T
Haghighi, F
Spence, MA
Hodge, SE
TI Stoppage: An issue for segregation analysis
SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE sequential sampling; ascertainment models; segregation ratio; complex
disease
ID ASCERTAINMENT; AUTISM
AB Segregation analysis assumes that the observed family-size distribution (FSD), i.e.. distribution of number of offspring among nuclear families, is independent of the segregation ratio p. However, for certain serious diseases with early onset and diagnosis (e.g., autism), parents may change their original desired family size, based on having one or more affected children, thus violating that assumption. Here we investigate "stoppage," the situation in which such parents have fewer children than originally planned. Following Brookfield et al. [J Med Genet 25:181-185, 1988], we define a stoppage probability d that after the birth of an affected child, parents will stop having children and thus not reach their original desired family size. We first derive the full correct likelihood for a simple segregation analysis as a function of p, d, and the ascertainment probability pi. We show that p can be estimated from this likelihood if the FSD is known. Then, we show that under "random" ascertainment, the presence of stoppage does not bias estimates of p. However, for other ascertanment schemes, we show that is not the case. We use a simulation study to assess the magnitude of bias, and we demonstrate that ignoring the effect of stoppage can seriously bias the estimates of p when the FSD is ignored. In conclusion, stoppage, a realistic scenario for some complex diseases, can represent a serious and potentially intractable problem for segregation analysis. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss. Inc.
C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA.
New York State Psychiat Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA.
Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Genet, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY USA.
Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Genome Ctr, New York, NY USA.
Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, New York, NY USA.
RP Slager, SL (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
RI Slager, Susan/B-6756-2009
CR BROOKFIELD JFY, 1988, J MED GENET, V25, P181, DOI 10.1136/jmg.25.3.181
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Cavalli-Sforza L. L., 1971, GENETICS HUMAN POPUL
Dahlberg G, 1930, HEREDITAS, V14, P73
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GREENBERG DA, 1986, AM J HUM GENET, V39, P329
HODGE SE, 1985, AM J HUM GENET, V37, P166
Hodge SE, 1996, GENETICS, V144, P1215
JONES MB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P31, DOI 10.1007/BF02211816
JONES MB, 1957, PSYCHOL BULL, V54, P158
MORTON NE, 1959, AM J HUM GENET, V11, P1
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NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0741-0395
J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL
JI Genet. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 20
IS 3
BP 328
EP 339
DI 10.1002/gepi.4.abs
PG 12
WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 417EB
UT WOS:000167821500004
PM 11255242
ER
PT J
AU Fox, S
AF Fox, S
TI Continued doubts on link between MMR vaccine and autism
SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT News Item
CR Dales L, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P1183, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1183
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA
SN 0749-6524
J9 INFECT MED
JI Infect. Med.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 18
IS 4
BP 182
EP 182
PG 1
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 424ZM
UT WOS:000168263900005
ER
PT J
AU Estrada, B
AF Estrada, B
TI MMR and autism: Suspect or superstition?
SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; vaccines
C1 Univ S Alabama, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
RP Estrada, B (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA
SN 0749-6524
J9 INFECT MED
JI Infect. Med.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 18
IS 4
BP 183
EP 183
PG 1
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 424ZM
UT WOS:000168263900006
ER
PT J
AU Conti-Ramsden, G
Betting, N
Simkin, Z
Knox, E
AF Conti-Ramsden, G
Betting, N
Simkin, Z
Knox, E
TI Follow-up of children attending infant language units: outcomes at 11
years of age
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE children with SLI; follow-up; profiles
ID IMPAIRMENT; MEMORY; SLI
AB A large cohort of 242 children who had been attending infants language units at 7 years of age was followed up when the children were in their final year of primary school. Two hundred (83%) of the children were reassessed at 11 years of age on a wide battery of language and literacy measures, on a test of non-verbal ability, an autism checklist and a communication checklist. In total, 89% of children still scored <1 SD from the mean on at least one test of language and the majority (63%) scored poorly on three or more assessments demonstrating widespread difficulties. Compared with non-verbal abilities at 7 years of age, a large proportion of the cohort also performed poorly on performance IQ subtests (28%). A further 10 children scored highly on a checklist for autistic spectrum disorder. Thus, only 115 (58%) children could be said to meet criteria for specific language impairment. A small group of 16 children appeared to have entirely resolved their difficulties. These outcomes and their implications for education and long-term impact of the disorder are discussed.
C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Educ, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Conti-Ramsden, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Educ, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
CR Adams AM, 2000, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V35, P95
*AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DSM, V4
GATHERCOLE SE, 1990, J MEM LANG, V29, P336, DOI 10.1016/0749-596X(90)90004-J
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Ellis Weismer S, 1999, J Speech Lang Hear Res, V42, P1249
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RICE ML, 1995, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V38, P850
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Wechsler D., 1993, WECHSLER OBJECTIVE R
Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR
NR 29
TC 78
Z9 80
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 2
BP 207
EP 219
DI 10.1080/13682820010019883
PG 13
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 427AA
UT WOS:000168381500004
PM 11344595
ER
PT J
AU Dobson, S
Upadhyaya, S
McNeil, J
Venkateswaran, S
Gilderdale, D
AF Dobson, S
Upadhyaya, S
McNeil, J
Venkateswaran, S
Gilderdale, D
TI Developing an information pack for the Asian carers of people with
autism spectrum disorders
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference of the Royal-College-of-Speech-and-Language-Therapists
CY APR 17-19, 2001
CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Royal Coll Speech & Language Therapists
AB An investigation is described which forms the basis for the development of an information package for the Asian carers of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and learning disabilities. The results of semi-structured interviews and planning for questionnaires with three different linguistic Asian groups (Urdu, Gujarati and Bengali) are presented. The views, attitudes and awareness of autism, knowledge of support sen ices and perceived priority of needs are analysed for the three different communities. The investigation concludes with recommendations as to whether separate information is needed by each culture or whether a single information pack can be used and presented in each language format. The possible presentation format in which the information can be produced is also discussed.
C1 Bradford Community NHS Trust, Listonshields Day Ctr, Bradford BD4 6DN, W Yorkshire, England.
RP Dobson, S (reprint author), Bradford Community NHS Trust, Listonshields Day Ctr, Bierley Lane, Bradford BD4 6DN, W Yorkshire, England.
CR CHUNG SY, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P221, DOI 10.1007/BF02284720
*DEP HLTH, 1998, MOV MAINSTR REP NAT
*DEP HLTH, 1998, SIGN POSTS SUCC COMM
Department of Health, 1998, 1 CLASS SERV QUAL NE
HOLT G, 1997, MENTAL HLTH LEARNING
KIERESUK T, 1968, COMMUNITY MENTAL HLT, V4, P443
WING L, 1999, AUT 99 C NOV
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 2
SU S
BP 216
EP 221
PG 6
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 430YX
UT WOS:000168604000040
PM 11340785
ER
PT J
AU Forbes, J
Welbon, H
AF Forbes, J
Welbon, H
TI Teacher/therapist collaboration: A Scottish higher education institution
development
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference of the Royal-College-of-Speech-and-Language-Therapists
CY APR 17-19, 2001
CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Royal Coll Speech & Language Therapists
AB The collaborative work is described of a principal speech and language therapist (SLT) and a lecturer in a college of education in Scotland in writing and evaluating a Post Graduate Award Scheme (PGAS) module. This was in response to Her Majesty's Inspectorate's (HMI) (1996) recommendation that teacher education institutions should 'consider the in-service and post-graduate training needs of those working with pupils with language and communication disorders and autism'. Official Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) statements were examined by analysing HMI (1996) and subsequent official documents. Higher educational (HE) institution statements were read in the PGAS handbook and in the module descriptor (Northern College 1998). Accounts of change are described in the thinking and practice of course members as a result of the module and the implications for future module development are considered.
C1 No Coll Educ, Sch Educ Studies, Aberdeen AB24 4FA, Scotland.
RP Forbes, J (reprint author), No Coll Educ, Sch Educ Studies, Hilton Pl, Aberdeen AB24 4FA, Scotland.
CR *NO COLL, 1998, POSTGR AW SCHEM HDB
*NO COLL, 1999, COLL APPR EFF PROV P
*ROYAL COLL SPEECH, 1996, COMM QUAL, V2
*SCOTT CONS COUNC, 1999, SUPP LEARN 3
*SCOTT ED DEP, 1991, NAT GUID
*SCOTT EX ED DEP, 2000, IMPR SCH SPEC ED NEE
*SCOTT OFF HLTH DE, 1997, DES CAR REV NAT HLTH
Scottish Office Education and Industry Department, 1998, MAN GOOD PRACT SPEC
1996, ED PUPILS LANGUAGE C
1994, EFFECTIVE PROVISION
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 2
SU S
BP 417
EP 422
PG 6
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 430YX
UT WOS:000168604000075
PM 11340824
ER
PT J
AU Aldred, C
Pollard, C
Adams, C
AF Aldred, C
Pollard, C
Adams, C
TI Child'sTalk - For children with autism and pervasive developmental
disorder
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference of the Royal-College-of-Speech-and-Language-Therapists
CY APR 17-19, 2001
CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Royal Coll Speech & Language Therapists
ID CONVERSATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; PRAGMATIC DISORDER
AB A research assessment protocol and early intervention approach designed for use by multi-disciplinary professionals with children who have the severe social communication deficits of early autism and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are described. The assessment analyses the specific pattern of social communication impairment in each child and defines the characteristics of the dyadic communication between parent and child. The intervention aims to identify facilitative strategies, using video feedback, which lead to close interpersonal interaction between the child and their parents. Parents can reflect on their own interaction and identify which strategies successfully engage their child. Child'sTalk aims to facilitate adaptations to the child's level of communication by sensitively and finely tuning the interaction and mutual sharing of intentions as a fundamental agent for the emergence of communication.
C1 Royal Sch Deaf, Rycroft Assessment Ctr, Cheadle Hulme SK8 6RQ, Cheshire, England.
Univ Manchester, Ctr Human Commun & Deafness, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Aldred, C (reprint author), Royal Sch Deaf, Rycroft Assessment Ctr, Stanley Rd, Cheadle Hulme SK8 6RQ, Cheshire, England.
CR Abidin RR, 1995, PARENTING STRESS IND
ADAMS C, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P211
Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x
BISHOP DMV, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P79
BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P241
DAHLGREN SO, 1989, EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N, V238, P169
Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT
Fey M. E., 1995, LANGUAGE INTERVENTIO
FOMBONNE E, 1997, AUTISM DEV DISORDERS
HORSBOROUGH K, 1985, P 2 NAT CHILD DEV C
HOWLINP, 1998, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV
JOHNSON SL, 1979, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V6, P47
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MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861
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Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE
TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHERS
TANNOCK R, 1992, CAUSES EFFECTS COMMU
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 2
SU S
BP 469
EP 474
PG 6
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 430YX
UT WOS:000168604000084
PM 11340834
ER
PT J
AU Patterson, A
Rafferty, A
AF Patterson, A
Rafferty, A
TI Making it to work: Towards employment for the young adult with autism
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference of the Royal-College-of-Speech-and-Language-Therapists
CY APR 17-19, 2001
CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND
SP Royal Coll Speech & Language Therapists
AB In the last few decades there has been an increase in the reported prevalence of autism and its correlates within what is now termed autistic spectrum disorder (ASD): from 20 in every 10,000 children being estimated by Wing and Gould (1979) to 91 in every 10,000 by the National Autistic Society (NAS) (1999). While changes in criteria may account for some of this it is accepted that such children are increasingly being identified and knowledge of autism is growing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine teaching staff from seven different schools for children with special needs to elicit information in relation to preparing young adults with ASD for the world of work. Results indicated educational practices are being modified for children with autism. Currently the most specifically tailored packages are offered in schools for children with severe learning difficulties.
C1 Univ Ulster, Sch Psychol & Commun, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Antrim, North Ireland.
RP Patterson, A (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Psychol & Commun, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Antrim, North Ireland.
CR Aarons M., 1992, HDB AUTISM GUIDE PAR
Grandin T., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU
Howlin P., 1997, AUTISM PREPARING ADU
JORDAN R, 1990, AUTISM PROFESSIONAL
Jordan R. R., 1995, UNDERSTANDING TEACHI
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NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 2
SU S
BP 475
EP 480
PG 6
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 430YX
UT WOS:000168604000085
PM 11340835
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, H
Arai, S
Tanaka-Taya, K
Okabe, N
AF Takahashi, H
Arai, S
Tanaka-Taya, K
Okabe, N
TI Autism and infection/immunization episodes in Japan
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PREVALENCE; MEASLES; CHILDREN; MUMPS
C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Infect Dis Surveillance Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan.
RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Infect Dis Surveillance Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Toyama 1-23-1, Tokyo 1628640, Japan.
EM hiroshit@nih.go.jp
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NR 12
TC 6
Z9 7
PU NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PI TOKYO
PA JPN J INFECT DIS ED OFF NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOYAMA 1-23-1,
SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-8640, JAPAN
SN 1344-6304
EI 1884-2836
J9 JPN J INFECT DIS
JI Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 54
IS 2
BP 78
EP 79
PG 2
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 447QA
UT WOS:000169582900008
PM 11427748
ER
PT J
AU Travis, L
Sigman, M
Ruskin, E
AF Travis, L
Sigman, M
Ruskin, E
TI Links between social understanding and social behavior in verbally able
children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE social understanding; social behavior; autism
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; MIND ABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS;
DEFICITS; ADULTS
AB This study investigated the relations between various measures of social understanding and social interaction competence in verbally able children with autism. Measures of social understanding included measures of verbalizable knowledge (false belief understanding, affective perspective taking), as well as measures of more intuitive forms of social responsiveness (empathy, concern to distress, and initiating joint attention). Two measures of social interaction competence were employed: level of engagement with peers on the playground, and prosocial behavior in a structured laboratory task. For children with autism, initiating joint attention and empathy were strongly related to both measures of social interaction competence. No understanding-behavior links were identified for a language-age matched comparison sample of developmentally delayed children. Several accounts of these understanding-behavior links are considered, including the possibility that for children with autism, more impaired forms of understanding are more closely linked to behavior because they serve as limits on competence.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Travis, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 1285 Franz Hall,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
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NR 29
TC 44
Z9 44
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 119
EP 130
DI 10.1023/A:1010705912731
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100002
PM 11450811
ER
PT J
AU Robins, DL
Fein, D
Barton, ML
Green, JA
AF Robins, DL
Fein, D
Barton, ML
Green, JA
TI The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An initial study
investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental
disorders
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; modified checklist; toddlers
ID EARLY RECOGNITION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP;
CHILDREN; INFANCY; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; BEHAVIOR
AB Autism, a severe disorder of development, is difficult to detect in very young children. However, children who receive early intervention have improved long-term prognoses. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), consisting of 23 yes/no items, was used to screen 1,293 children. Of the 58 children given a diagnostic/developmental evaluation, 39 were diagnosed with a disorder on the autism spectrum. Six items pertaining to social relatedness and communication were found to have the best discriminability between children diagnosed with and without autism/PDD. Cutoff scores were created for the best items and the total checklist. Results indicate that the M-CHAT is a promising instrument for the early detection of autism.
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Robins, DL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011
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NR 47
TC 452
Z9 470
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 131
EP 144
DI 10.1023/A:1010738829569
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100003
PM 11450812
ER
PT J
AU Charman, T
Baron-Cohen, S
Baird, G
Cox, A
Wheelwright, S
Swettenham, J
Drew, A
AF Charman, T
Baron-Cohen, S
Baird, G
Cox, A
Wheelwright, S
Swettenham, J
Drew, A
TI Commentary: The modified checklist for autism in toddlers
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID DISORDERS; CHAT; AGE
C1 Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, Behav Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
Guys Kings Coll, Newcomen Ctr, London, England.
Guys Kings Coll, Bloomfield Clin, London, England.
St Thomas Hosp Med Sch, London, England.
UCL, Dept Human Commun & Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Charman, T (reprint author), Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, Behav Sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM t.charman@ich.ucl.ac.uk
RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
BAIRD G, IN PRESS ARCH DIS CH
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NR 14
TC 37
Z9 38
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
EI 1573-3432
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 145
EP 148
DI 10.1023/A:1010790813639
PG 4
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100004
PM 11450813
ER
PT J
AU Robins, DL
Fein, D
Barton, ML
Green, JA
AF Robins, DL
Fein, D
Barton, ML
Green, JA
TI Reply to Charman et al.'s commentary on the Modified Checklist for
Autism in Toddlers
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID FOLLOW-UP
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Robins, DL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011
CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
Charman T, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P145, DOI 10.1023/A:1010790813639
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RAPIN I, 1996, CLIN DEV MED, V139, P98
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 149
EP 151
DI 10.1023/A:1010743030478
PG 3
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100005
ER
PT J
AU Magnusson, P
Saemundsen, E
AF Magnusson, P
Saemundsen, E
TI Prevalence of autism in Iceland
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; prevalence; epidemiology; Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised;
Childhood Autism Rating Scale
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DSM-III-R; SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
RETT-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MEDICAL
DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ICD-10; CRITERIA
AB This clinic-based study estimated the prevalence of autism in Iceland in two consecutive birth cohorts, subjects born in 1974-1983 and in 1984-1993. In the older cohort classification was based on the ICD-9 in 72% of cases while in the younger cohort 89% of cases were classified according to the ICD-10. Estimated prevalence rates for Infantile autism/Childhood autism were 3.8 per 10,000 in the older cohort and 8.6 per 10,000 in the younger cohort. The characteristics of the autistic groups are presented in terms of level of intelligence, male:female ratio, and age at diagnosis. For the younger cohort scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale are reported as well. Results are compared with a previous Icelandic study and recent population-based studies in other countries based on the ICD-10 classification system. Methodological issues are discussed as well as implications for future research and service delivery.
C1 Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Chid & Adolescent Psychiat, Reykjavik, Iceland.
State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Kopavogur, Iceland.
RP Magnusson, P (reprint author), Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Dalbraut 12, IS-105 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE
Zappella M, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P519, DOI 10.1023/A:1026052128305
NR 63
TC 71
Z9 71
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 153
EP 163
DI 10.1023/A:1010795014548
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100006
PM 11450814
ER
PT J
AU Bailey, DB
Hatton, DD
Skinner, M
Mesibov, G
AF Bailey, DB
Hatton, DD
Skinner, M
Mesibov, G
TI Autistic behavior, FMR1 protein, and developmental trajectories in young
males with fragile X syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE FMR1 protein expression; fragile X; autistic behavior
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN
AB In the context of a longitudinal study, we assessed the relationship between ratings of autistic behavior, FMR1 protein expression (FMRP), and the developmental trajectories of 55 young males with fragile X syndrome. Autistic behavior, as measured by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, was not related to FMRP expression. However, autistic behavior was a significant predictor of both developmental status and developmental change. Boys with both autistic behavior and fragile X syndrome functioned at significantly lower levels of development and grew at significantly slower rates than those without autistic behavior. FMRP expression accounted for less variance in developmental level than did autistic behavior, and was not significantly related to slope (developmental change over time). No autistic behavior x FMRP interaction was found.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Div TEACCH, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Bailey, DB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Div TEACCH, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, CB 8180, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
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NR 33
TC 114
Z9 118
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 165
EP 174
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100007
PM 11450815
ER
PT J
AU Belsito, KM
Law, PA
Kirk, KS
Landa, RJ
Zimmerman, AW
AF Belsito, KM
Law, PA
Kirk, KS
Landa, RJ
Zimmerman, AW
TI Lamotrigine therapy for autistic disorder: A randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; lamotrigine
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; EPILEPSY; BRAIN
AB In autism, glutamate may be increased or its receptors up-regulated as part of an excitotoxic process that damages neural networks and subsequently contributes to behavioral and cognitive deficits seen in the disorder. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of lamotrigine, an agent that modulates glutamate release. Twenty-eight children (27 boys) ages 3 to 11 years (M = 5.8) with a primary diagnosis of autistic disorder received either placebo or lamotrigine twice daily. In children on lamotrigine, the drug was titrated upward over 8 weeks to reach a mean maintenance dose of 5.0 mg/kg per day. This dose was maintained for 4 weeks. Following maintenance evaluations, the drug was tapered down over 2 weeks. The trial ended with a 4-week drug-free period. Outcome measures included improvements in severity and behavioral features of autistic disorder (stereotypies, lethargy, irritability, hyperactivity, emotional reciprocity, sharing pleasures) and improvements in language and communication, socialization, and daily living skills noted after 12 weeks (the end of a 4-week maintenance phase). We did not find any significant differences in improvements between lamotrigine or placebo groups on the Autism Behavior Checklist, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior scales, the PL-ADOS, or the CARS. Parent rating scales showed marked improvements, presumably due to expectations of benefits.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Belsito, KM (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD USA.
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NR 22
TC 91
Z9 92
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 175
EP 181
DI 10.1023/A:1010799115457
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100008
PM 11450816
ER
PT J
AU Purcell, AE
Rocco, MM
Lenhart, JA
Hyder, K
Zimmerman, AW
Pevsner, J
AF Purcell, AE
Rocco, MM
Lenhart, JA
Hyder, K
Zimmerman, AW
Pevsner, J
TI Assessment of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in autistic serum and
postmortem brain
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; neural cell adhesion molecule; brain
ID SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; GENE-EXPRESSION;
MODULATION; DOMAINS
AB Studies have identified structural abnormalities in areas of the autistic brain, with a pattern suggesting that a neurodevelopmental anomaly took place. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), which is involved in development of the central nervous system, was previously shown to be decreased in the serum of autistic individuals. In the present study, we measured NCAM protein in the sera from controls, patients with autism, siblings of autistic patients, and individuals with other neurologic disorders, but found no significant differences. We also measured NCAM protein in autistic postmortem brain samples and found the longest isoform, NCAM-180, to be significantly decreased. In addition, we investigated the mRNA expression of NCAM in these brain samples using cDNA microarrays and RT-PCR. Results show that NCAM mRNA levels are not altered in autism.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
CLONTECH Labs Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA.
RP Pevsner, J (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 30
TC 10
Z9 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 183
EP 194
DI 10.1023/A:1010751232295
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100009
PM 11450817
ER
PT J
AU Swaim, KF
Morgan, SB
AF Swaim, KF
Morgan, SB
TI Children's attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer with
autistic behaviors: Does a brief educational intervention have an
effect?
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autistic disorder; attitudes; behavioral intentions
ID HANDICAPPED PEERS; INCLUSION
AB This study examined children's ratings of attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer presented with or without autistic behaviors. The impact of information about autism on these ratings was investigated as well as age and gender effects. Third- and sixth-grade children (N = 233) were randomly assigned to view a video of the same boy in one of three conditions: No Autism, Autism, or Autism/Information. Children at both grade levels showed less positive attitudes toward the child in the two autism conditions. In rating their own behavioral intentions, children showed no differences between conditions. However, in attributing intentions to their classmates, older children and girls gave lower ratings to the child in the autism conditions. Information about autism did not affect ratings of either attitudes or behavioral intentions as ascribed to self or others.
C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
RP Morgan, SB (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
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NR 24
TC 52
Z9 52
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 195
EP 205
DI 10.1023/A:1010703316365
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100010
PM 11450818
ER
PT J
AU Groden, J
Diller, A
Bausman, M
Velicer, W
Norman, G
Cautela, J
AF Groden, J
Diller, A
Bausman, M
Velicer, W
Norman, G
Cautela, J
TI The development of a stress survey schedule for persons with autism and
other developmental disabilities
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; stress survey
ID SAMPLE-SIZE; NUMBER; COMPONENTS
AB The Stress Survey Schedule is an instrument for measuring stress in the lives of persons with autism and other developmental disabilities. Development of the survey and analysis of the underlying measurement structure of the instrument is reported in three studies. Through the use of exploratory and confirmatory analysis procedures, eight dimensions of stress were identified: Anticipation/Uncertainry, Changes and Threats, Unpleasant Events, Pleasant Events, Sensory/Personal Contact, Food Related Activity, Social/Environmental Interactions, and Ritual Related Stress. These stress dimensions are highly relevant to the problems of autism and have not been addressed by other stress surveys. The information obtained from the Stress Survey can be used to plan for strategies to reduce the stress before it occurs or results in maladaptive behavior.
C1 Groden Ctr, Providence, RI 02906 USA.
Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Ctr Res Dis Prevent, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
Behav Therapy Inst, Sudbury, MA USA.
RP Groden, J (reprint author), Groden Ctr, 86 Mt Hope Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA.
EM groden@grodencenter.org
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NR 30
TC 34
Z9 34
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 207
EP 217
DI 10.1023/A:1010755300436
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100011
PM 11450819
ER
PT J
AU Liss, M
Harel, B
Fein, D
Allen, D
Dunn, M
Feinstein, C
Morris, R
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
AF Liss, M
Harel, B
Fein, D
Allen, D
Dunn, M
Feinstein, C
Morris, R
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
TI Predictors and correlates of adaptive functioning in children with
developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; adaptive functioning
ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS
AB Autism is a developmental disorder marked by impairments in socialization, communication, and perseverative behavior and is associated with cognitive impairment and deficits in adaptive functioning. Research has consistently demonstrated that children with autism have deficits in adaptive functioning more severe than their cognitive deficits. This study investigates the correlates and predictors of adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in high- and low-functioning children with autism and their age and nonverbal IQ matched controls. Thirty-five 9-year-old children with high-functioning autism (HAD) were compared with 31 age-matched children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and 40 9-year-old children with low-functioning autism (LAD) were compared with 17 age-matched children with low IQ on adaptive functioning, IQ, autistic symptomology, and tests of language and verbal memory. Results indicate that both groups with autism were significantly impaired compared to their matched controls on Socialization and Daily Living, but not Communication and that these impairments were more pronounced in the HAD group than in the LAD group. Adaptive behavior was strongly correlated with autistic symptomology only in the HAD group. Regression analyses indicated that IQ was strongly predictive of adaptive behavior in both low-functioning groups, but tests of language and verbal memory predicted adaptive behavior in the higher functioning groups. Results suggest that IQ may act as a limiting factor for lower functioning children but higher functioning children are impaired by specific deficits, including autistic symptomology and impaired language and verbal memory.
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Albert Einstein Sch Med, Bronx, NY USA.
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
Coll New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
RP Fein, D (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Bacon AL, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P129, DOI 10.1023/A:1026040615628
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NR 30
TC 94
Z9 96
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 219
EP 230
DI 10.1023/A:1010707417274
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100012
PM 11450820
ER
PT J
AU Steele, MM
Al-Adeimi, M
Siu, VM
Fan, YS
AF Steele, MM
Al-Adeimi, M
Siu, VM
Fan, YS
TI Brief report: A case of autism with interstitial deletion of chromosome
13
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; chromosome 13
ID ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN
AB A case of an 18-year-old male who meets the DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder and borderline intelligence is described. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed a karyotype of 46, XY, del (13)(q14q22). The relevance of this case to the etiology of autism is discussed.
C1 Univ Western Ontario, London Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, London, ON N6A 4G5, Canada.
Univ Aden, Genet Unit, Aden, Yemen.
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Pediat, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Pathol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
RP Steele, MM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, London Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, Victoria Campus,346 South St,Room 102D, London, ON N6A 4G5, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Assumpcao FB, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P253
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Barrett S, 1999, AM J MED GENET, V88, P609
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STEFFENBURG S, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P495
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 231
EP 234
DI 10.1023/A:1010759401344
PG 4
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100013
PM 11450821
ER
PT J
AU O'Neill, RE
Sweetland-Baker, M
AF O'Neill, RE
Sweetland-Baker, M
TI Brief report: An assessment of stimulus generalization and contingency
effects in functional communication training with two students with
autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BEHAVIOR; MAINTENANCE
C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP O'Neill, RE (reprint author), Univ Utah, 1705 E Campus Ctr Dr,Room 221, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
CR Carr E. G., 1994, COMMUNICATION BASED
Durand V. M., 1990, SEVERE BEHAV PROBLEM
DURAND VM, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P777, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-777
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Luiselli J. K, 1998, ANTECEDENT CONTROL I
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NR 12
TC 14
Z9 15
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 235
EP 240
DI 10.1023/A:1010711518182
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100014
PM 11450822
ER
PT J
AU Tolbert, L
Brown, R
Fowler, P
Parsons, D
AF Tolbert, L
Brown, R
Fowler, P
Parsons, D
TI Brief report: Lack of correlation between age of symptom onset and
contemporaneous presentation
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; age of symptom onset; contemporaneous presentation
ID AUTISM; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; SCALE
AB The parents/guardians of 50 individuals were surveyed using a semistructured interview to determine the feasibility of this method and to establish ages of symptom onset. Thirty-eight informants were able to recall sufficient derail to allow categorization of the age of symptom onset. Chi-square analysis confirmed a significant association between investigators' categorization and informants' categorization. Contemporaneous presentation was indexed using Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the Autism Behavior Checklist, the Conners Hyperactivity Index, and the Ritvo-Freeman Real Life Rating Scale for Autism. No significant correlations were determined between any of these indices of symptom severity and age of symptom onset.
C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
Glenwood Inc, Birmingham, AL USA.
RP Tolbert, L (reprint author), Univ Alabama, SC 1001,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839
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NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 241
EP 245
DI 10.1023/A:1010763502253
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100015
PM 11450823
ER
PT J
AU Hussman, JP
AF Hussman, JP
TI Suppressed GABAergic inhibition as a common factor in suspected
etiologies of autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
CR Farber NB, 1998, PROG BRAIN RES, V116, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60453-7
Martin ER, 2000, AM J MED GENET, V96, P43, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(20000207)96:1<43::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-3
MINSHEW NI, 1997, NEURBIOLOGY AUSTISM
Wallenstein GV, 1997, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V78, P393
NR 4
TC 98
Z9 101
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 247
EP 248
DI 10.1023/A:1010715619091
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100016
PM 11450824
ER
PT J
AU Clark, CE
AF Clark, CE
TI Re: Secretin and autism: A two-part clinical investigation
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 248
EP 249
DI 10.1023/A:1010767603161
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100017
PM 11450825
ER
PT J
AU Fisch, GS
AF Fisch, GS
TI Adaptive behavior in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Fisch, GS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
CR FISCH GS, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE
Freeman BJ, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P379, DOI 10.1023/A:1023078827457
SPARROW SS, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE, P155
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 249
EP 249
DI 10.1023/A:1010719720000
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100018
PM 11450826
ER
PT J
AU Freeman, BJ
AF Freeman, BJ
TI Adaptive behavior in children with autism - Reply from B. J. Freeman
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Freeman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 249
EP 250
DI 10.1023/A:1010771704070
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 448BC
UT WOS:000169606100019
ER
PT J
AU Ravizza, SM
Ivry, RB
AF Ravizza, SM
Ivry, RB
TI Comparison of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in shifting attention
SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; COGNITIVE FUNCTION;
INVOLVEMENT; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS
AB The basal ganglia anti cerebellum have traditionally been associated with motor performance. Recently, there has been considerable interest regarding the contributions of these subcortical structures to aspects of cognition. In particular, both the basal ganglia and cerebellum have been hypothesized to be involved in the control of attentional set. To date, no neuropsychological studies have directly compared the effects of basal ganglia and cerebellar dysfunction on the same attention shifting tasks. To this end, we employed an alternating attention task that has been used to demonstrate putative attentional control deficits in children with cerebellar pathology, either related to autism or neurological insult. When adult patients with either Parkinson's disease or cerebellar lesions were tested on this task, a similar pattern of deficits was observed for both groups. However, when the motor demands were reduced, cerebellar patients showed a significant improvement on the alternating attention task, whereas the Parkinson patients continued to exhibit an impairment. This dissociation suggests that attentional deficits: reported previously as being due to cerebellar dysfunction may be, at least in part, secondary to problems related to coordinating successive responses. In contrast, attention-shifting deficits associated with basal ganglia impairment cannot be explained by recourse to the motor demands of the task.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ravizza, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, 3210 Tolman Hall 1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
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NR 25
TC 78
Z9 79
PU M I T PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA
SN 0898-929X
J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI
JI J. Cogn. Neurosci.
PD APR 1
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 3
BP 285
EP 297
DI 10.1162/08989290151137340
PG 13
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 425DR
UT WOS:000168273500001
PM 11371307
ER
PT J
AU Whitehead, C
AF Whitehead, C
TI Social mirrors and shared experiential worlds
SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES
LA English
DT Review
ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PRETEND PLAY; LANGUAGE; DISSOCIATION; HYPNOSIS;
AUTISM; CORTEX
AB We humans have a formidable armamentarium of social display behaviours, including song-and-dance, the visual arts, and role-play. Of these, role-play is probably the crucial adaptation which makes us most different from other apes. Human childhood, a sheltered period of 'extended irresponsibility', allows us to develop our powers of make-believe and role-play, prerequisites for human cooperation, culture, and reflective consciousness. Social mirror theory originating with Dilthey Baldwin, Cooley and Mend, holds that there cannot be mirrors in the mind without mirrors in society. I will present evidence from the social and behavioural sciences to argue that self-awareness depends on social mirrors and shared experiential worlds. The dependence of reflectivity on shared experience requires some reframing of the 'hardproblem', and suggests a non-trivial answer to the zombie question.
RP Whitehead, C (reprint author), 19 Rydal Rd, London SW16 1QF, England.
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NR 133
TC 25
Z9 26
PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC
PI THORVERTON
PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND
SN 1355-8250
J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD
JI J. Conscious. Stud.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 8
IS 4
BP 3
EP 36
PG 34
WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 422DG
UT WOS:000168102800001
ER
PT J
AU Procter, HG
AF Procter, HG
TI Personal construct psychology and autism
SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MIND; CHILDREN
AB There has been no significant writing within personal construct psychology about autistic spectrum disorders, despite the fact that this approach provides promising models in a number of other specific areas of human difficulty. This article outlines a PCP model of autism, based on a wide variety of recent research findings and writings, including those of autism sufferers themselves. Autism is considered in the light of Kelly's fundamental postulate and 11 corollaries as well as Procter's (1978) group and family corollaries. It is argued that Kelly's theory provides an integrative framework for considering this complex set of disorders with implications for further research in autism and the early development of social cognition as well as for therapeutic and educational intervention in helping people struggling with autistic spectrum disorders.
C1 Child & Family Therapeut Serv, Bridgwater TA6 5YA, Somerset, England.
RP Procter, HG (reprint author), Child & Family Therapeut Serv, Petrel House,Broadway Pk,Barclay St, Bridgwater TA6 5YA, Somerset, England.
CR AGNEW J, 1985, PERSONAL CONSTRUCT T
ASPERGER M, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND
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NR 58
TC 6
Z9 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1072-0537
J9 J CONSTR PSYCHOL
JI J. Constr. Psychol.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 2
BP 107
EP 126
DI 10.1080/10720530125885
PG 20
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 416NM
UT WOS:000167787100002
ER
PT J
AU Weimer, AK
Schatz, AM
Lincoln, A
Ballantyne, AO
Trauner, DA
AF Weimer, AK
Schatz, AM
Lincoln, A
Ballantyne, AO
Trauner, DA
TI "Motor" impairment in Asperger syndrome: Evidence for a deficit in
proprioception
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; proprioception
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE;
CHILDREN; CLUMSINESS; APRAXIA
AB Motor impairment has frequently been described in Asperger syndrome (AS), a pervasive developmental disorder included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Previous research focusing on this motor dysfunction has yielded inconsistent results, and the "clumsiness" observed clinically remains poorly defined. To clarify further the issue of motor impairment, we compared a group of 10 children and young adults who met DSM-IV criteria for AS with a control group with no neurological impairment. Subjects were matched on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and Verbal IQ. A broad battery of motoric tests was administered. Subjects with AS were found to perform more poorly than controls on tests of apraxia, one-leg balance with eyes closed, tandem gait, and repetitive finger-thumb apposition. No significant differences were found on tests of finger tapping, grooved pegboard, trail making, or visual-motor integration. The pattern of impairments suggests that a proprioceptive deficit may underlie the incoordination observed in AS and that these individuals may be overreliant on visual input to maintain balance and position in space.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Trauner, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, 9500 Gilman Dr,0935, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS DIS 10 REV
NR 44
TC 37
Z9 39
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-206X
J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR
JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 2
BP 92
EP 101
PG 10
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 420GB
UT WOS:000167996300002
PM 11332785
ER
PT J
AU Stein, MT
Dixon, S
Cowan, C
AF Stein, MT
Dixon, S
Cowan, C
TI A two-year-old boy with language regression and unusual social
interactions
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE language delay; developmental regression; autistic spectrum disorder;
autism; pervasive developmental delay
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; DIAGNOSIS
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Behav Pediat Practice, Great Falls, MT USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Stein, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
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Dixon SD, 2000, ENCOUNTERS CHILDREN, V3rd
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Stone WL, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P219, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003370
Wolraich M, 1996, CLASSIFICATION CHILD
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-206X
J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR
JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 2
SU S
BP S105
EP S110
PG 6
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 423NV
UT WOS:000168183100021
PM 11332787
ER
PT J
AU Kjelgaard, MM
Tager-Flusberg, H
AF Kjelgaard, MM
Tager-Flusberg, H
TI An investigation of language impairment in autism: Implications for
genetic subgroups
SO LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; COMPREHENSION; COMMUNICATION;
INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; PATTERNS; DEFICITS; PARENTS
AB Autism involves primary impairments in both language and communication, yet in recent years the main focus of research has been on the communicative deficits that define the population. The study reported in this paper investigated language functioning in a group of 89 children diagnosed with autism using the ADI-R, and meeting DSM-IV criteria. The children, who were between 4 and 14 years old, were administered a battery of standardised language tests tapping phonological, lexical, and higher-order language abilities. The main findings were that among the children with autism there was significant heterogeneity in their language skills, although across all the children, articulation skills were spared. Different subgroups of children with autism were identified on the basis of their performance on the language measures. Some children with autism have normal language skills; for other children, their language skills are significantly below age expectations. The profile of performance across the standardised measures for the language-impaired children with autism was similar to the profile that defines the disorder specific language impairment (or SLI). The implications of this language impaired subgroup in autism for understanding the genetics and definition of both autism and SLI are discussed.
C1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Ctr Res Dev Disorders, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Waltham, MA USA.
RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Ctr Res Dev Disorders, 200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009
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NR 56
TC 285
Z9 288
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0169-0965
J9 LANG COGNITIVE PROC
JI Lang. Cogn. Process.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 2-3
BP 287
EP 308
PG 22
WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental
SC Linguistics; Psychology
GA 432TM
UT WOS:000168711800007
ER
PT J
AU Bernard, S
Enayati, A
Redwood, L
Roger, H
Binstock, T
AF Bernard, S
Enayati, A
Redwood, L
Roger, H
Binstock, T
TI Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Review
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY;
METHYL MERCURY; T-CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; INDUCED
AUTOIMMUNITY; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; LYMPHOCYTES
AB Autism is a syndrome characterized by impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movements, and sensory dysfunction. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that autism may affect 1 in 150 US children. Exposure to mercury can cause immune, sensory, neurological, motor, and behavioral dysfunctions similar to traits defining or associated with autism, and the similarities extend to neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and biochemistry. Thimerosal, a preservative added to many vaccines, has become a major source of mercury in children who, within their first two years, may have received a quantity of mercury that exceeds safety guidelines. A review of medical literature and US government data suggests that: (i) many cases of idiopathic autism are induced by early mercury exposure from thimerosal; (ii) this type of autism represents an unrecognized mercurial syndrome; and (iii) genetic and non-genetic factors establish a predisposition whereby thimerosal's adverse effects occur only in some children. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
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NR 181
TC 160
Z9 169
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 4
BP 462
EP 471
DI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1281
PG 10
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 428LF
UT WOS:000168462600010
PM 11339848
ER
PT J
AU Binstock, T
AF Binstock, T
TI Intra-monocyte pathogens delineate autism subgroups
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Review
ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HUMAN
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; HUMAN
HERPESVIRUS-6 INFECTION; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION;
POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR SYSTEM
AB Immune panels of many autism-spectrum children reveal signs of atypical infections and shifted cell counts. In conjunction with trait-related cerebral hypometabolism and hypoperfusion, these findings suggest a hypothesis: Several autism-spectrum subgroups derive from intra-monocyte pathogens such as measles virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Furthermore, with much inter-child variation, their effects manifest as diminished hematopoiesis, impaired peripheral immunity, and altered blood-brain barrier function often accompanied by demyelination. in some such children, one or more of these pathogens persists as a chronic-active, seemingly subclinical infection etiologically significant to the child's autistic traits. Within these subgroups, immune impairments and atypical infections may be treatable. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 Inst Mol Introspect, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA.
RP Binstock, T (reprint author), Box 1788, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA.
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NR 137
TC 10
Z9 10
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 4
BP 523
EP 531
DI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1247
PG 9
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 428LF
UT WOS:000168462600022
PM 11339860
ER
PT J
AU Bushwick, NL
AF Bushwick, NL
TI Social learning and the etiology of autism
SO NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; cognition; development; learning; language; theory of mind
ID CHILDREN; PEOPLE
AB A developmental theory of autism is presented as an alternative to current nativist theories. The traits of autism are seen as results of failure of the process of social learning. The distinction between social learning and ontogenic discovery is discussed and a model of normal social learning is presented, showing its cyclical nature and significance. Recognized traits of autism are briefly described and classified, and it is shown how the main categories of traits could result from defective social learning, while defective social learning itself could be the result of a variety of causes, some of which might also affect other aspects of intelligence. The theory provides a framework into which current knowledge of autism can be integrated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
RP Bushwick, NL (reprint author), 901 Madison Ave, Scranton, PA 18510 USA.
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NR 55
TC 6
Z9 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0732-118X
J9 NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL
JI New Ideas Psychol.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 19
IS 1
BP 49
EP 75
DI 10.1016/S0732-118X(00)00016-7
PG 27
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 408KA
UT WOS:000167324300003
ER
PT J
AU Stein, MT
Cowan, C
Dixon, S
AF Stein, MT
Cowan, C
Dixon, S
TI A two-year-old boy with language regression and unusual social
interactions
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE language delay; developmental regression; autistic spectrum disorder;
autism; pervasive developmental delay
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; DIAGNOSIS
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Behav Pediat Practice, Great Falls, MT USA.
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Stein, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
CR ANDERSON SR, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P15
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Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307
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Dixon SD, 2000, ENCOUNTERS CHILDREN, V3rd
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NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 4
SU S
BP 910
EP 915
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 422QD
UT WOS:000168130000021
ER
PT J
AU Juul-Dam, N
Townsend, J
Courchesne, E
AF Juul-Dam, N
Townsend, J
Courchesne, E
TI Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors in autism, pervasive
developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, and the general
population
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; pervasive developmental disorder; pregnancy; delivery; risk
factors; neonatal
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; MATERNAL AGE; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREGNANCY
AB Objectives. To examine various pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors in autistic participants and in pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) participants and to compare the incidence of each factor to that of the normal population.
Methods. Seventy-four participants (66 males, 8 females) were diagnosed with autism at 2.5 through 4 years of age using the most accurate and up-to-date methods, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. At age 5, all participants were reevaluated using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Revised, resulting in 61 autistic and 13 PDD-NOS participants. Twenty-eight pre-, peri-, and neonatal factors were examined in these 2 groups using both medical records and parental interviews. Incidences were compared with those of the US population as reported in the Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1995. This grand scale population group was used to closely approximate comparison to a normal, unbiased population. Results were analyzed using the binomial probability test, with a P value of <.05, constituting a significant difference in incidence. A Bonferroni correction was applied to the data to adjust for the number of factors investigated.
Results. Although most of the factors showed comparable incidences between the index and control groups, several factors showed statistically significant differences. Following the Bonferroni correction, the autism group was found to have a significantly higher incidence of uterine bleeding, a lower incidence of maternal vaginal infection, and less maternal use of contraceptives during conception when compared with the general population. Similarly, the PDD-NOS group showed a higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia when compared with the general population.
Conclusions. The results of this study support previous findings suggesting a consistent association of unfavorable events in pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal phase and the pervasive developmental disorders. However, interpretation of the meaningfulness of these results is difficult, as the specific complications that carried the highest risk of autism and PDD-NOS represented various forms of pathologic processes with no presently apparent unifying feature. Additional studies are needed to corroborate and strengthen these associations, as well as to determine the possibility of an underlying unifying pathological process.
This study's analysis of obstetric and neonatal complications in combination with the use of participants diagnosed at an early age provides some interesting concepts to consider. Perhaps future research will confirm certain pre-, peri-, and neonatal associations that could be used to generate a high-risk historical profile with which to use in conjunction with currently employed diagnostic tools. This may, in turn, help to determine the reliability of a diagnosis of autism in younger children, leading to earlier intervention and assistance for an improved outcome in long-term functionality and quality of life.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Lab Res Neurosci Autism, La Jolla, CA USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Courchesne, E (reprint author), Lab Res Neurosci Autism, 8110 La Jolla Shore Dr,Suite 201, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 25
TC 87
Z9 91
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 4
BP art. no.
EP e63
DI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e63
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 422KC
UT WOS:000168116200020
PM 11335784
ER
PT J
AU Abril, B
Mendez, M
Sans, O
Valdizan, JR
AF Abril, B
Mendez, M
Sans, O
Valdizan, JR
TI Sleep in infantile autisim
SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
LA Spanish
DT Article
DE Asperger disorder; infantile autism; Landau-Kleffner's disorder; Rett's
syndrome; sleep
ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; RETTS SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PATTERNS; DISORDERS
AB Introduction. Analysis of nocturnal sleep in infantile autism has been presented in various studies. However, there has been no systematization including the different structural and paroxystic alterations at the same time as permitting the development of a general theory of the effect of sleep on prognosis and treatment, particularly in a spectrum in which there is currently no definite solution. Development. A systematic review was made of the literature obtained from publications included ill MEDLINE and web pages of the East 25 years using the key words: autism, Asperger's disorder, sleep, childhood and Rett's syndrome. Altogether 21 papers fulfilled criteria for inclusion. Disorders of sleep in infantile autism were classified into three types: immaturity of sleep, showing a destructured polysomnographic recording and negative correlation with the level of development; functional alterations of sleep with early waking and difficulty in going to sleep being the disorders most frequently seen; and paroxystic alterations with epileptiform discharges being the commonest, without necessarily occurring together with seizures. The opinions stated on questionnaires and the data observed on the polysomnography were not in agreement. Conclusions. Analysis the literature has permitted la to make an initial classification of sleep disorders in autistic children, and has shown a marked presence of these disorders in the evolution of autistic children. It is necessary that further studies being done, polysomnographic rather than by means of questionnaires, for two reasons: clinical and in order to obtain more precise classification.
C1 Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Serv Neurofisiol Clin, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
CR American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), 1995, MAN DIAGN EST TRAST
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NR 24
TC 3
Z9 7
PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
PI BARCELONA
PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0210-0010
J9 REV NEUROLOGIA
JI Rev. Neurologia
PD APR 1
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 7
BP 641
EP 644
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 435VB
UT WOS:000168901900010
PM 11391493
ER
PT J
AU Happe, F
AF Happe, F
TI Autism in history: The case of Hugh Blair of Borgue
SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, 111 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM f.happe@iop.kcl.ac.uk
CR Houston R. A., 2000, AUTISM HIST CASE H B
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6613
J9 TRENDS COGN SCI
JI TRENDS COGN. SCI.
PD APR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 4
BP 179
EP 179
DI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01605-3
PG 1
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 420CJ
UT WOS:000167986100012
ER
PT J
AU Zelan, K
AF Zelan, K
TI 'Exiting Nirvana' (Autism)
SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
LA English
DT Letter
CR BICKERTON D, 2001, NY TIMES BOOK R 0311
PARK CC, EXITING NIRVANA DAUG
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW YORK TIMES
PI NEW YORK
PA 229 W 43RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036-3959 USA
SN 0028-7806
J9 NY TIMES BK REV
JI N. Y. Times Book Rev.
PD APR 1
PY 2001
BP 4
EP 4
PG 1
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA 413TQ
UT WOS:000167628400002
ER
PT J
AU Lawson, C
AF Lawson, C
TI Autism and MMR - the debate continues
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
RP Lawson, C (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD MAR 31
PY 2001
VL 169
IS 2284
BP 52
EP 52
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 418RP
UT WOS:000167905400032
ER
PT J
AU Gilmore, JH
van Tol, JJ
Streicher, HL
Williamson, K
Cohen, SB
Greenwood, RS
Charles, HC
Kliewer, MA
Whitt, JK
Silva, SG
Hertzberg, BS
Chescheir, NC
AF Gilmore, JH
van Tol, JJ
Streicher, HL
Williamson, K
Cohen, SB
Greenwood, RS
Charles, HC
Kliewer, MA
Whitt, JK
Silva, SG
Hertzberg, BS
Chescheir, NC
TI Outcome in children with fetal mild ventriculomegaly: a case series
SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; schizophrenia; autism; learning
disorder; fetal brain development
ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CLINICAL COURSE; KNOCKOUT MICE;
IN-UTERO; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; ULTRASOUND; INFANTS; AUTISM; RISK
AB Mild enlargement of the lateral ventricles is associated with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders. While it has been hypothesized that ventricle abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders arise during fetal brain development, there is little direct evidence to support this hypothesis. Using ultrasound, it is possible to image the fetal ventricles in utero, Fetal mild ventriculomegaly (MVM) has been associated with developmental delays in early childhood, though longer-term neurodevelopmental outcome has not been studied. Follow-up of five children (aged 4-9 years) with mild enlargement of the lateral ventricles on prenatal ultrasound and two unaffected co-twins is reported: one child had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one had autism, and two had evidence of learning disorders. These cases suggest that the mild enlargement of the lateral ventricles associated with these neurodevelopmental disorders arises during fetal brain development and can be detected with prenatal ultrasound. In addition, the presence of mildly enlarged, asymmetric ventricles in two children on prenatal ultrasound and on follow-up MRI at age 6 years indicates that ventricle structure present in utero can persist well into childhood brain development. The study of fetal ventricle development with ultrasound may provide important insights into neurodevelopmental disorders and allow the identification of children at high risk. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Gilmore, JH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RI van Tol-Geerdink, Julia/A-8690-2011
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NR 35
TC 33
Z9 33
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-9964
J9 SCHIZOPHR RES
JI Schizophr. Res.
PD MAR 30
PY 2001
VL 48
IS 2-3
BP 219
EP 226
DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00140-7
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 424EZ
UT WOS:000168220300007
PM 11295375
ER
PT J
AU Sacks, O
AF Sacks, O
TI Leaving Nirvana (Living with a child's autism)
SO NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS
LA English
DT Article
CR Grandin T., 1996, THINKING PICTURES
PARK CC, 1967, SIEGE
PARK CC, EXITING NIRVANA DAUG
RAWLENCE C, 1996, MIND TRAVELLER
Sacks O., 1995, ANTHROPOLOGIST MARS
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW YORK REVIEW
PI NEW YORK
PA 250 WEST 57TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10107 USA
SN 0028-7504
J9 NEW YORK REV BOOKS
JI N. Y. Rev. Books
PD MAR 29
PY 2001
VL 48
IS 5
BP 4
EP 5
PG 2
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA 410PM
UT WOS:000167448400001
ER
PT J
AU Bertone, A
Mottron, L
Jelenic, P
Faubert, J
AF Bertone, A
Mottron, L
Jelenic, P
Faubert, J
TI High-fluctuating individuals with autism are selectively less sensitive
to second-order motion.
SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Montreal, Ecole Optometrie, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Autisme, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0146-0404
J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI
JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
PD MAR 15
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 4
SU S
MA 1617
BP S300
EP S300
PG 1
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA 427EP
UT WOS:000168392101607
ER
PT J
AU Bickerton, D
AF Bickerton, D
TI Exiting nirvana: A daughter's life with autism
SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
LA English
DT Book Review
CR PARK CC, EXITING NIRVANA DAUG
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW YORK TIMES
PI NEW YORK
PA 229 W 43RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036-3959 USA
SN 0028-7806
J9 NY TIMES BK REV
JI N. Y. Times Book Rev.
PD MAR 11
PY 2001
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA 407DP
UT WOS:000167256900013
ER
PT J
AU Aitken, K
AF Aitken, K
TI Autism increase
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
CR EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V9, P162
J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V39, P694
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD MAR 10
PY 2001
VL 169
IS 2281
BP 56
EP 56
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 410ML
UT WOS:000167443700040
ER
PT J
AU Wells, C
AF Wells, C
TI Autism increase
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD MAR 10
PY 2001
VL 169
IS 2281
BP 56
EP 56
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 410ML
UT WOS:000167443700041
ER
PT J
AU Jyonouchi, H
Sun, S
Le, H
AF Jyonouchi, H
Sun, S
Le, H
TI Proinflammatory/regulatory cytokine production in children with autism
spectrum disorders (ASD)
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 8
PY 2001
VL 15
IS 5
BP A939
EP A939
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 410TA
UT WOS:000167454201300
ER
PT J
AU Dales, L
Hammer, SJ
Smith, NJ
AF Dales, L
Hammer, SJ
Smith, NJ
TI Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB Context Considerable concern has been generated in the lay and medical communities by a theory that increased measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization among young children may be the cause of an apparent marked increase in autism occurrence.
Objective To determine if a correlation exists in secular trends of MMR immunization coverage among young children and autism occurrence.
Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective analyses of MMR immunization coverage rates among children born in 1980-1994 who were enrolled in California kindergartens (survey samples of 600-1900 children each year) and whose school immunization records were reviewed to retrospectively determine the age at which they first received MMR immunization; and of autism caseloads among children born in these years who were diagnosed with autism and were enrolled in the California Department of Developmental Services regional service center system.
Main Outcome Measures Measles-mumps-rubella immunization coverage rates as of ages 17 months and 24 months and numbers of Department of Developmental Services system enrollees diagnosed with autism, grouped by year of birth.
Results Essentially no correlation was observed between the secular trend of early childhood MMR immunization rates in California and the secular trend in numbers of children with autism enrolled in California's regional service center system. For the 1980-1994 birth cohorts, a marked, sustained increase in autism case numbers was noted, from 44 cases per 100000 live births in the 1980 cohort to 208 cases per 100000 live births in the 1994 cohort (a 373% relative increase), but changes in early childhood MMR immunization coverage over the same time period were much smaller and of shorter duration. Immunization coverage by the age of 24 months increased from 72% to 82%, a relative increase of only 14%, over the same time period.
Conclusions These data do not suggest an association between MMR immunization among young children and an increase in autism occurrence.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
RP Dales, L (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Immunizat Branch, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 712, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
CR *CA DEP DEV SERV, 1999, CHAN POP PERS AUT PE
Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P411, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.2.411
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Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
NR 9
TC 163
Z9 164
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 7
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 9
BP 1183
EP 1185
DI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1183
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 406BH
UT WOS:000167194700022
PM 11231748
ER
PT J
AU Shaffer, RJ
Jacokes, LE
Cassily, JF
Greenspan, SI
Tuchman, RF
Stemmer, PJ
AF Shaffer, RJ
Jacokes, LE
Cassily, JF
Greenspan, SI
Tuchman, RF
Stemmer, PJ
TI Effect of interactive Metronome (R) training on children with ADHD
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
DE attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity coordination training;
motor control
ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SWEDISH 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; MOTOR
CONTROL; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; PERCEPTION DAMP; JOINT ATTENTION; AUTISM;
COORDINATION
AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a specific intervention, the Interactive Metronome(R), on selected aspects of motor and cognitive skills in a group of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Method. The study included 56 boys who were 6 years to 12 years of age and diagnosed before they entered the study nr having ADHD. The participants were pretested and randomly assigned to one of three matched groups. A group of 19 participants receiving Ij hr of Interactive Metronome training exercises were compared with a group receiving no intervention and a group receiving training on selected computer video games.
Results. A significant pattern of improvement across 53 of 58 variables favoring the Interactive Metronome treatment was found Additionally, several significant differences were found among the treatment groups and between pretreatment and postreatment factors on performance in areas of attention, motor control, language processing, rending, and parental reports of improvements in regulation of aggressive behavior.
Conclusion. The Interactive Metronome training appears to facilitate a number of capacities, including attention, motor control, and selected academic skills, In boys with ADHD.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
Aquinas Coll, Grand Rapids, MI USA.
Neural Technol Res Ctr, Grand Rapids, MI 49508 USA.
George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA.
Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami Childrens Hosp, Miami, FL USA.
Madonna Univ, Res Ctr, Livonia, MI USA.
RP Shaffer, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
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NR 37
TC 22
Z9 22
PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA
SN 0272-9490
J9 AM J OCCUP THER
JI Am. J. Occup. Ther.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2001
VL 55
IS 2
BP 155
EP 162
PG 8
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 412UH
UT WOS:000167572400005
PM 11761130
ER
PT J
AU Kroeger, TL
Rojahn, J
Naglieri, JA
AF Kroeger, TL
Rojahn, J
Naglieri, JA
TI Role of planning, attention, and simultaneous and successive cognitive
processing in facial recognition in adults with mental retardation
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRIMINATION TASK; EMOTION; AUTISM; EXPRESSIONS; CHILDREN; FACES
AB Fifty adults with mental retardation completed the Cognitive Assessment System and the Facial Discrimination Task. Performances on the Facial Discrimination Task Emotion and Age Tasks were significantly correlated to the Cognitive Assessment System total score. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that processing of emotional stimuli was related to simultaneous and successive processing; whereas attention and planning failed to add significantly. The Emotion and Age Tasks yielded similar results, suggesting that cognitive processes are involved in processing facial stimuli in a similar way regardless of the type of facial cues involved. The results are discussed vis-a-vis modular models of emotion, future research directions, and the Age Task as a control task.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr UAP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Rojahn, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr UAP, 1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
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NR 36
TC 9
Z9 9
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 2
BP 151
EP 161
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0151:ROPAAS>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 417XU
UT WOS:000167861400005
PM 11321606
ER
PT J
AU Balboni, G
Pedrabissi, L
Molteni, M
Villa, S
AF Balboni, G
Pedrabissi, L
Molteni, M
Villa, S
TI Discriminant validity of the vineland scales: Score profiles of
individuals with mental retardation and a specific disorder
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISABILITIES
AB Utility of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Expanded Form to discriminate among areas of adaptive behavior was substantiated by comparing profiles of scores obtained by three groups of individuals with mental retardation and either a communication, social behavior, or motor abilities disorder with those of matched individuals with mental retardation but no other disorder. Individuals with social behavior disorders obtained lower scores only in the Socialization domain; those with motor disorders, in the Motor domain and in the Personal and Domestic subscales that require motor competencies; and those with communication disorders, lower scores in the Communication domain and in the Community and Interpersonal Relationships subscales requiring expressive competencies. The utility of the Vineland Scales in obtaining an ecological evaluation of individuals with mental retardation is discussed.
C1 Univ Padua, Dept Dev Psychol & Socializat, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
Sci Inst Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy.
RP Balboni, G (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Dev Psychol & Socializat, Via Venezia 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS
NR 21
TC 23
Z9 23
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 2
BP 162
EP 172
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0162:DVOTVS>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 417XU
UT WOS:000167861400006
PM 11321607
ER
PT J
AU Dessiex, V
Haas, C
Rodrigues, C
Junier, L
Muller-Nix, C
Ansermet, F
AF Dessiex, V
Haas, C
Rodrigues, C
Junier, L
Muller-Nix, C
Ansermet, F
TI A psychoanalytic approach of autism and evaluation scales
SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES
LA French
DT Article
DE autism; CARS; evaluation; IBSE; Haag's instrument; observation scales;
psychoanalytic theory
ID BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
RATING-SCALE; CHILDHOOD-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN;
RELIABILITY; INSTRUMENTS; INTERVIEW; VALIDITY
AB This paper puts in balance, as contributions to the study of autism, observation scales and cognitive epistemology versus psychodynamic evaluation. To what extend is the articulation of opposite stances valuable? What do observation scales add to the psychodynamic approach of the child and what are their limits? Our material comes from one of the outpatient clinics of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry with a close link to Neuropediatric Unit and we are trying to formalise the first steps for care of very young children with autistic disturbances. These steps are, first, the use of child behaviour observation scales (CARS, IBSE) which contributes for a shared phenomenological diagnosis. Second, away from strict observation, we use a clinical evaluation chart (Haag's instrument) which does help to give the meaning of different behaviour. Third, afar from instrument, we try to stress a close encounter of practitioner and child, always unique. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
C1 CHU Vaudois, Hop Nestle, Serv Univ Psychiat Enfant, CCN P,Unite Pedopsychiat Liason, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP Dessiex, V (reprint author), CHU Vaudois, Hop Nestle, Serv Univ Psychiat Enfant, CCN P,Unite Pedopsychiat Liason, Ave Pierre Decker 5, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MASSON EDITEUR
PI PARIS 06
PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE
SN 0003-4487
J9 ANN MED-PSYCHOL
JI Ann. Med.-Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 159
IS 2
BP 111
EP 120
DI 10.1016/S0003-4487(00)00002-0
PG 10
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology,
Multidisciplinary
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 462GB
UT WOS:000170411400002
ER
PT J
AU Jarbrink, K
Knapp, M
AF Jarbrink, K
Knapp, M
TI The economic impact of autism in Britain
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; cost of illness; early intervention; education;
health services
ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; EARLY ADULT LIFE; FOLLOW-UP; EARLY
INTERVENTION; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; DRUGS
AB Little is known about the economic impact of autism. This study estimated the economic consequences of autism in the United Kingdom, based on published evidence and on the reanalysis of data holdings at the Centre for the Economics of Mental Health (CEMH). With an assumed prevalence of 5 per 10,000, the annual societal cost for the UK was estimated to exceed pound1 billion. The lifetime cost for a person with autism exceeded pound2.4 million. The main costs were for living support and day activities. Family costs account for only 2.3 percent of the total cost, but a lack of relevant information limited our ability to estimate these costs. Minor improvements in life outcome for people with autism could substantially reduce costs over the lifetime.
C1 Inst Psychiat, Ctr Econ Mental Hlth, London SE5 8AF, England.
Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London WC2A 2AE, England.
RP Knapp, M (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Ctr Econ Mental Hlth, De Crespigny Pk,Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
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*DEP ED EMPL, 1999, STAT ED SCH ENGL
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1991, EC APPRAISAL CENTRAL
NR 52
TC 80
Z9 82
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 7
EP 22
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001002
PG 16
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600001
PM 11708392
ER
PT J
AU Koning, C
Magill-Evans, J
AF Koning, C
Magill-Evans, J
TI Social and language skills in adolescent boys with Asperger syndrome
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; language skills; social skills
ID AUTISM; PERCEPTION; CHILDREN
AB Twenty-one adolescent boys with Asperger syndrome and 21 boys matched on age and an estimate of IQ were assessed using standardized measures of social perception (Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure, CASP), social skills (parent, teacher, and student forms of the Social Skills Rating System, SSRS), number of close friends and frequency of contact (Child Behavior Checklist) and expressive and receptive language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised). There were significant differences between groups on CASP scores, SSRS scores, number of friends, frequency of contact and social competence. There was also a significant difference on receptive language. The clinically and statistically significant differences between the groups on the measures of social skills help us understand the nature of the social deficits in Asperger syndrome and suggest the need to focus on specific deficits. These findings are discussed in relation to diagnostic criteria and intervention.
C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Occupat Therapy, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.
Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
RP Magill-Evans, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Occupat Therapy, Room 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.
CR Achenbach T. M., 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C
American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BISHOP DVM, 1989, BRIT J DISORD COMMUN, V24, P107
BLISHEN BR, 1987, CAN REV SOC ANTHROP, V24, P465
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ELLIS HD, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P255
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Gillberg C, 1996, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V5, P67
GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x
Gresham F. M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING
Howlin P, 1998, CHILDREN AUTISM ASPE
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MAGILLEVANS J, 1996, CAN OCC THER C OTT O
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Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG
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WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115
World Health Organization, 1990, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE
NR 32
TC 89
Z9 89
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 23
EP 36
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001003
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600002
PM 11708387
ER
PT J
AU Shields, J
AF Shields, J
TI The NAS EarlyBird Programme - Partnership with parents in early
intervention
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic spectrum disorder; early intervention; efficacy study; parent
programme; video
ID CHILDREN; AUTISM
AB Early intervention bridges the gap between early diagnosis and appropriate educational placement. The National Autistic Society has developed an autism-specific three-month parent package, the NAS EarlyBird Programme, that emphasizes partnership With parents. Six families participate in each three-month programme, which combines weekly group training sessions for parents with individualized home visits. During the programme parents learn to understand autism, to build social communication, and to analyse and use structure, so as to prevent inappropriate behaviours. The use of video and the group dynamic amongst families are important components of the programme. An efficacy study evaluated the pilot programme and further monitoring is in Progress. Training courses in the licensed use of the NAS EarlyBird Programme are now available for teams of professionals with prior experience of autism. Strengths and weaknesses of the programme are discussed. This short-term, affordable package, with supporting evidence of efficacy, offers a model of early intervention that is very popular with parents.
C1 Natl Atlantic Soc, London, England.
RP Shields, J (reprint author), NAS, Early Bird Ctr, 3 Victoria Crescent W, Barnsley S75 2AE, S Yorkshire, England.
CR BRISTOL MM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P469, DOI 10.1007/BF01486964
Bristol M. M., 1984, EFFECTS AUTISM FAMIL, P289
Clements J., 1994, PROBLEM BEHAV PEOPLE
Guralnick MJ., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY
Hardy S, 1999, THESIS U TEESSIDE
Kasari C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P39, DOI 10.1023/A:1025869105208
KAUFMAN BN, 1981, MIRACLE BELIEVE
KAUFMAN BN, 1977, LOVE IS BE HAPPY
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Manolson A., 1992, IT TAKES 2 TALK
Schopler E., 1995, PARENT SURVIVAL MANU
SHIELDS J, 1999, NAS EARLYBIRD PROGRA
WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P149
NR 15
TC 32
Z9 32
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 49
EP 56
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001005
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600004
PM 11708389
ER
PT J
AU Gillberg, C
Gillberg, C
Rastam, M
Wentz, E
AF Gillberg, C
Gillberg, C
Rastam, M
Wentz, E
TI The Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) - Diagnostic
Interview (ASDI): a preliminary study of a new structured clinical
interview
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; autism; interview; reliability; validity
ID DISORDERS; VERSION
AB The development of the Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI) is described. Preliminary data from a clinical study suggest that inter-rater reliability and test-retest stability may be excellent, with kappas exceeding 0.90 in both instances. The validity appears to be relatively good. No attempt was made in the present study to validate the instrument as regards the distinction between Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Annedals Clin, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Gillberg, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Annedals Clin, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM christopher.gillberg@pediat.gu.se
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709
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Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488
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Ehlers S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P207, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01855.x
Gillberg C., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P11, DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001002
Gillberg C., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P122, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.004
Gillberg C., 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME HI, P79
GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x
LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145
Manjiviona J., 1999, AUTISM, V3, P327, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361399003004003
Miller JN, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P247
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Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT
Siegel B., 1996, WORLD AUTISTIC CHILD
SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554
WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE
WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115
NR 19
TC 113
Z9 116
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 57
EP 66
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001006
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600005
PM 11708390
ER
PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
AF Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
TI A deficit in shifting attention present in high-functioning autism but
not Asperger's disorder
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's disorder; attention; executive dysfunction; high-functioning
autism; visual-perceptual processing
ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENT; PRECEDENCE; ABILITIES
AB The aim of this study was to examine executive functioning, in particular, attentional set-shifting deficits in high-functioning autism (n = 12) and Asperger's disorder (n = 12). A large or global digit composed of smaller or local digits was presented during each trial. The participants indicated the presence of 1s or 2s by pressing the appropriate button. These targets could appear globally or locally. Relative to IQ, sex and age matched controls, reaction time to global targets in individuals with autism was retarded when the previous target appeared locally. This deficiency in shifting from local to global processing, however, was not observed in individuals with Asperger's disorder. The theoretical and neurobiological significance of this dissociation in executive functioning in these clinically related disorders was explored.
C1 Monash Univ, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
CR Achenbach T. M., 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C
American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
BERGER HJC, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF01046224
CASEY BJ, 1993, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V15, P933, DOI 10.1080/01688639308402609
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HUGHES C, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P498, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.498
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NR 33
TC 95
Z9 96
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 67
EP 80
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001007
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600006
PM 11708391
ER
PT J
AU Mayes, SD
Calhoun, SL
AF Mayes, SD
Calhoun, SL
TI Non-significance of early speech delay in children with autism and
normal intelligence and implications for DSM-IV Asperger's disorder
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; Asperger's disorder; autism; DSM-IV; speech delay
ID SYMPTOMS
AB According to the DSM-IV, children with Asperger's disorder do not have significant cognitive or speech delays, whereas children with autistic disorder may or may not. In our study, children with normal intelligence who had clinical diagnoses of autism or Asperger syndrome were divided into two groups: those with and without a significant speech delay. The purpose was to determine if clinically meaningful differences existed between the two groups that would support absence of speech delay as a DSM-IV criterion for Asperger's disorder. No significant differences were found between the 23 children with a speech delay and the 24 children without a speech delay on any of the 71 variables analyzed, including autistic symptoms and expressive language. Results suggest that early speech delay may be irrelevant to later functioning in children who have normal intelligence and clinical diagnoses of autism or Asperger syndrome and that speech delay as a DSM-IV distinction between Asperger's disorder and autism may not be justified.
C1 Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
RP Mayes, SD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
EM SueDMayes@aol.com
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 43
TC 41
Z9 41
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 81
EP 94
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001008
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600007
PM 11708393
ER
PT J
AU Wolfberg, PJ
AF Wolfberg, PJ
TI Autism and play
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Integrated Play Grp, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP Wolfberg, PJ (reprint author), Integrated Play Grp, San Francisco, CA USA.
CR BEYER J, 1999, AUTISM PLAY
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 5
IS 1
BP 95
EP 96
DI 10.1177/1362361301005001009
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 486GG
UT WOS:000171809600008
ER
PT J
AU Chiesa, M
AF Chiesa, M
TI A voice on autism from Europe: A review of parents' education as autism
therapists
SO BEHAVIOR ANALYST
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Paisley, Sch Social Sci, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland.
RP Chiesa, M (reprint author), Univ Paisley, Sch Social Sci, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland.
CR KEENAN M, VOICE AUTISM EUROPE
Keenan M., 2000, PARENTS ED AUTISM TH
MACRAE CD, 2000, SPEACH, V3, P5
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SOC ADVANCEMENT BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
PI KALAMAZOO
PA WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV, 260 WOOD HALL, KALAMAZOO, MI 49008-5052 USA
SN 0738-6729
J9 BEHAV ANALYST
JI Behav. Anal.
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 24
IS 1
BP 101
EP 105
PG 5
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 432RR
UT WOS:000168709900007
ER
PT J
AU Rowe, AD
Bullock, PR
Polkey, CE
Morris, RG
AF Rowe, AD
Bullock, PR
Polkey, CE
Morris, RG
TI 'Theory of mind' impairments and their relationship to executive
functioning following frontal lobe excisions
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE theory of mind; executive functions; frontal lobe excisions
ID BRAIN-DAMAGED PATIENTS; WORKING-MEMORY; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; AUTISM;
CHILDREN; DEFICITS; REPRESENTATION; APPRECIATION; RECOGNITION; LESIONS
AB It has been suggested that mental states play an important role in determining behaviour and that mental state attributions ('theory of mind') underlie the ability to understand and predict other peoples' behaviour. Theory of mind was investigated in 31 patients with unilateral frontal lobe lesions (15 right-sided and 16 left-sided) by comparing their performance with that of 31 matched control subjects. The ability to infer first- and second-order beliefs was tested by requiring subjects to listen to stories in which a protagonist acted upon a false belief. Both patient groups exhibited significantly impaired performance on the two theory of mind measures. Both frontal lobe groups also exhibited a range of deficits in tests of executive functions, but analyses revealed that these seemed to be independent of theory of mind impairments. These findings are discussed in terms of the hypothesis of a specialized, adaptive brain system underlying theory of mind reasoning ability, and are related to observed difficulties in social functioning among patients with frontal lobe damage.
C1 Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE5 8AF, England.
Inst Psychiat, Neuropsychol Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
Kings Coll London, Ctr Neurosci, London WC2R 2LS, England.
RP Rowe, AD (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM a.rowe@iop.kcl.ac.uk
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NR 67
TC 211
Z9 216
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 124
BP 600
EP 616
DI 10.1093/brain/124.3.600
PN 3
PG 17
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 410WY
UT WOS:000167465100015
PM 11222459
ER
PT J
AU German, TP
Leslie, AM
AF German, TP
Leslie, AM
TI Children's inferences from 'knowing' to 'pretending' and 'believing'
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-Development
CY APR 03-06, 1997
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Soc Res Child Dev
ID FALSE BELIEF; MIND; PRESCHOOLERS; TASK; REPRESENTATION; COMPETENCE;
DECEPTION; KNOWLEDGE; AUTISM; TOMM
AB Three studies investigated children's ability to draw inferences from the properties of one mental state to the properties of another. Inferences from knowledge/ignorance to the possible contents of pretends and beliefs are crucial to developing a representational cheery of mental states. In Experiment 1, we replicated Lillard's (1993) finding that 4- and 6-year-olds fail to appreciate that a character who does nor know about an entity cannot pretend to be that entity. We show that these children also fail a similar task in which the inference to be made is from not knowing to thinking (false belief). Lillard's inference casks may be difficult because of their performance demands-specifically, children are not offered a plausible alternative content for the agent's pretence or belief state. In a second experiment, children were presented with know-pretend and know-think inference casks which offered two options for the content of a character's mental state. One option was consistent with chat character's knowledge stare, while the other was not. Under these conditions, 4- and 6-year-old children's performance improved significantly on both pretend and chink. A third experiment investigated the role of the salience of the character's ignorance and the possible use of an association strategy in producing successful performance in Experiment 2. When the salience of the character's ignorance was reduced, children still succeeded on know-pretend inferences but failed on know-think inferences. These results suggest that children do not really grasp the theory of mental representation. The results better support the ToMM-SP model of 'theory of mind' development. According to this model, concept possession is prior to, and therefore does not depend upon, knowledge of theories, and task success depends upon the control of salience.
C1 Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Cognit Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
RP German, TP (reprint author), Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
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NR 56
TC 25
Z9 27
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0261-510X
J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL
JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 19
BP 59
EP 83
DI 10.1348/026151001165967
PN 1
PG 25
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 418WT
UT WOS:000167917700005
ER
PT J
AU DeWilde, S
Carey, IM
Richards, N
Hilton, SR
Cook, DG
AF DeWilde, S
Carey, IM
Richards, N
Hilton, SR
Cook, DG
TI Do children who become autistic consult more often after MMR
vaccination?
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; MMR vaccine; consultation behaviour
AB A close temporal association has been reported between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccinated and dramatic behavioural decline in children subsequently diagnosed as autistic. We hypothesised that such a decline would be reflected in increased consultations with the child's general practitioner: The Doctor's Independent Network database was used to examine whether children subsequently diagnosed as autistic consulted more frequently than controls after MMR vaccination. No difference in consulting behaviour was seen in the six months post MMR. Any dramatic effect of MMR on behaviour seems unlikely.
C1 St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England.
St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Gen Practice & Primary Care, London SW17 0RE, England.
CompuFile Ltd, Woking, Surrey, England.
RP Cook, DG (reprint author), St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England.
RI Cook, Derek/C-3271-2008; Carey, Iain/O-6973-2014
OI Carey, Iain/0000-0003-1099-8460
CR Roger JH, 2000, LANCET, V356, P160, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73169-X
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
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Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
1999, CDR WEEKLY, V9, P227
2000, LANCET, V355, P1379
NR 6
TC 23
Z9 23
PU ROYAL COLL GENERAL PRACTITIONERS
PI LONDON
PA 14 PRINCES GATE, HYDE PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 1PU
SN 0960-1643
J9 BRIT J GEN PRACT
JI Br. J. Gen. Pract.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 51
IS 464
BP 226
EP 227
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 408DT
UT WOS:000167311800013
PM 11255906
ER
PT J
AU Teunisse, JP
de Gelder, B
AF Teunisse, JP
de Gelder, B
TI Impaired categorical perception of facial expressions in
high-functioning adolescents with autism
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACE RECOGNITION; CHILDS APPRAISAL; EMOTION; IDENTITY; NEURONS; CORTEX
AB Categorical perception of facial expressions is studied in high-functioning adolescents with autism, using three continua of facial expressions obtained by morphing. In contrast to the results of normal adults, the performance on the identification task in autistic subjects did not predict performance on the discrimination task, an indication that autistic individuals do not perceive facial expressions categorically. Performance of autistic subjects with low social intelligence was more impaired than that of subjects with higher social IQ scores on the expression recognition of unmanipulated photographs. It is suggested that autistic subjects with higher social intelligence may use compensatory strategies that they have acquired in social training programs This may camouflage the deficits of this subgroup in the perception of facial expressions.
C1 Tilburg Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.
Univ Med Ctr St Radboud, Dept Psychol, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP de Gelder, B (reprint author), Tilburg Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Room P 511,POB 90153, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands.
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NR 47
TC 48
Z9 48
PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS
PI LISSE
PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 1
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1076/chin.7.1.1.3150
PG 14
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 509FV
UT WOS:000173136400001
PM 11815876
ER
PT J
AU Carmody, DP
Kaplan, M
Gaydos, AM
AF Carmody, DP
Kaplan, M
Gaydos, AM
TI Spatial orientation adjustments in children with autism in Hong Kong
SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; prisms; optometry; perceptual dysfunctions; ambient vision; gaze
avoidance; posture
ID VISUAL STABILIZATION; BEHAVIOR; DISORDERS; POSTURE; VISION; LENSES
AB Abnormal spatial orientation and body postures in children with autism often interfere with Visual abilities to attend tasks and social interactions. Twenty-four children diagnosed with autism from Kowloon, Hong Kong were assessed for spatial orientation and spatial management abilities. Positive changes in spatial orientation were evident when the children wore ambient prism lenses and included changes in posture from slanted to erect. Adjustments in spatial management were evident in improved ball catching ability, a task requiring visual tracking and eye-hand coordination. The findings suggest that alterations to the sensory systems may lead to behavioral change in some children.
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World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS DIS 10 REV
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0009-398X
J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D
JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev.
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 3
BP 233
EP 247
DI 10.1023/A:1026481422227
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 390HB
UT WOS:000166288700005
PM 11196013
ER
PT J
AU Townsend, J
Westerfield, M
Leaver, E
Makeig, S
Jung, TP
Pierce, K
Courchesne, E
AF Townsend, J
Westerfield, M
Leaver, E
Makeig, S
Jung, TP
Pierce, K
Courchesne, E
TI Event-related brain response abnormalities in autism: evidence for
impaired cerebello-frontal spatial attention networks
SO COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE spatial attention; autism; cerebellum; frontal cortex; ERP; P300
ID FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; ORIENTING GAZE SHIFTS; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
NEUROANATOMICAL ABNORMALITIES; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION;
CEREBROCEREBELLAR SYSTEM; AUDITORY INFORMATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW
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C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci 0217, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA.
Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
Salk Inst, La Jolla, CA USA.
USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA.
RP Townsend, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci 0217, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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NR 128
TC 59
Z9 59
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-6410
J9 COGNITIVE BRAIN RES
JI Cognit. Brain Res.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 1
BP 127
EP 145
DI 10.1016/S0926-6410(00)00072-0
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Neuroimaging
SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 409NM
UT WOS:000167389800011
ER
PT J
AU Manning, JT
Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Sanders, G
AF Manning, JT
Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Sanders, G
TI The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MINOR PHYSICAL ANOMALIES; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; CHILDREN; PSYCHOSIS;
ASYMMETRY; DISEASE; LENGTH; WOMEN
AB It has been suggested that autism may arise as the result of exposure to high concentrations of prenatal testosterone. There is evidence that the ratio of the lengths of the and and 4th digit (2D:4D) may be negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone. We measured 2D:4D in 95 families recruited via the National Autistic Society, UK. The sample comprised a total 72 children with autism (62 males, 10 females; age range 2 to 14 years), including 23 children (20 males, three females) with Asperger syndrome(AS), 34 siblings, 88 fathers, 88 mothers and sex- and age-matched control participants. We found that the 2D:4D ratios of children with autism, their siblings, fathers and mothers were lower than population normative values. Children with AS, who share the social and communicative symptoms of autism but have normal or even high IQ, had higher 2D:4D ratios than children with autism but lower ratios than population normative values. There were positive associations between 2D:4D ratios of children with autism and the ratios of their relatives. Children with autism had lower than expected 2D:4D ratios and children with AS higher ratios than expected in relation to their fathers' 2D:4D ratio. It was concluded that 2D:4D ratio may be a possible marker for autism which could implicate prenatal testosterone in its aetiology.
C1 Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Populat & Evolutionary Biol Res Grp, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
London Guildhall Univ, Dept Psychol, London, England.
RP Manning, JT (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Populat & Evolutionary Biol Res Grp, Nicholson Bldg, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
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NR 34
TC 218
Z9 220
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 3
BP 160
EP 164
DI 10.1017/S0012162201000317
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 415DF
UT WOS:000167705000004
PM 11263685
ER
PT J
AU Nyden, A
Billstedt, E
Hjelmquist, E
Gillberg, C
AF Nyden, A
Billstedt, E
Hjelmquist, E
Gillberg, C
TI Neurocognitive stability in Asperger syndrome, ADHD, and reading and
writing disorder: a pilot study
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; LEARNING-DISABLED STUDENTS; WISC-R;
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DIFFICULTIES; CHILDHOOD;
PROFILES; SCORES
AB Boys with Asperger syndrome (n=20), attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (n=20), and reading and writing disorder (n=20) were followed up and retested on several neuropsychological measures 1 to 2 years after initial assessments. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ scores remained stable for all diagnostic groups. Kaufman factors and 'fluid' and 'crystallized' abilities were also stable measures. Subtest stability over time, was slightly more variable. There was a tendency for the group with Asperger syndrome to deteriorate over time with respect to logical reasoning abilities. Measures of executive function/attention ('go-no-go' and 'conflict' tests) showed good test-retest stability in all diagnostic groups. This is the first study of its kind.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Nyden, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kungsgatan 12, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 57
TC 35
Z9 36
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 3
BP 165
EP 171
DI 10.1017/S0012162201000329
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 415DF
UT WOS:000167705000005
PM 11263686
ER
PT J
AU Williams, G
King, J
Cunningham, M
Stephan, M
Kerr, B
Hersh, JH
AF Williams, G
King, J
Cunningham, M
Stephan, M
Kerr, B
Hersh, JH
TI Fetal valproate syndrome and autism: additional evidence of an
association
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDREN; ACID
AB Autism has been described in association with a variety of medical and genetic conditions. We previously reported on a patient whose clinical phenotype was compatible with both fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) and autism. Here we present five additional patients with FVS and autism. In all five of our patients, there was evidence of cognitive deficits, manifestations of autism, and typical phenotypic characteristics of FVS. The association between this known teratogen and autism has both clinical and research implications.
C1 Univ Louisville, Childrens Evaluat Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA.
USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA.
Univ Washington, Div Genet & Dev, Childrens Craniofacial Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA.
Royal Manchester Childrens Hosp, Dept Genet, Manchester M27 1HA, Lancs, England.
RP Williams, G (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Childrens Evaluat Ctr, 571 S Floyd St,Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA.
CR ALPERN GD, 1984, DEV PROFILE, V2
American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 30
TC 139
Z9 147
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 43
IS 3
BP 202
EP 206
DI 10.1017/S001216220100038X
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 415DF
UT WOS:000167705000011
PM 11263692
ER
PT J
AU Afzal, MA
Minor, PD
Ghosh, S
Jin, L
AF Afzal, MA
Minor, PD
Ghosh, S
Jin, L
TI Measles virus persistence in specimens of inflammatory bowel disease and
autism cases
SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
LA English
DT Letter
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; GENOME SEQUENCE; ABSENCE;
TISSUES
C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
Univ Edinburgh, Dept Med, Western Gen Hosp, Gastroenterol Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Enter & Resp Lab, London NW9 5HT, England.
RP Afzal, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, S Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
CR Afzal MA, 2000, J MED VIROL, V62, P377, DOI 10.1002/1096-9071(200011)62:3<377::AID-JMV10>3.0.CO;2-1
Afzal MA, 1998, J MED VIROL, V55, P243, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199807)55:3<243::AID-JMV11>3.0.CO;2-H
Chadwick N, 1998, J MED VIROL, V55, P305
Haga Y, 1996, GUT, V38, P211, DOI 10.1136/gut.38.2.211
IIZUKA M, 1995, LANCET, V345, P199
Kawashima H, 2000, DIGEST DIS SCI, V45, P723, DOI 10.1023/A:1005443726670
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0163-2116
J9 DIGEST DIS SCI
JI Dig. Dis. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 46
IS 3
BP 658
EP 660
DI 10.1023/A:1005632106643
PG 3
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 421ZB
UT WOS:000168092500035
PM 11318548
ER
PT J
AU Starr, EM
Foy, JB
Cramer, KM
AF Starr, EM
Foy, JB
Cramer, KM
TI Parental perceptions of the education of children with pervasive
developmental disorders
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PERSPECTIVES; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; INCLUSION; AUTISM
AB Parents of 69 children (59 male, 10 female, ranging in age from 4 to 19) with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) were surveyed about their perceptions of and their satisfaction with the education their children were receiving. The survey examined parental perceptions related to their children's classroom environment and education team, and whether perceptions were affected depending on the children 's communication ability, class placement, age, and whether there was more than one child with PDD in the family. Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney U statistics of the total scores found no significant differences across educational settings, but did find significant differences between verbal and nonverbal children, and number of children with PDD in the family on classroom environment and education team items, and for age on education team items only. Parents of nonverbal children rated the items more highly, as did parents of the youngest age group and parents of more than one child with PDD, indicating either a more positive perception or greater satisfaction with the educational system. Results were also examined in terms of how parents felt their children were progressing, their satisfaction with their child's current placement, and if they felt their children were learning useful life skills. Of 49 parents identifying needs for services or programs for their children, 14 (28.6%) identified more autism-specific education and training for school personnel working with their children as a key need. Implications for inservice training regarding the nature of PDD, home-school collaboration, and educational inclusion are discussed.
C1 Univ Windsor, Fac Educ, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
Windsor Advisory Comm Disabil Issues, Windsor, ON, Canada.
RP Starr, EM (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Fac Educ, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 36
TC 10
Z9 10
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI RESTON
PA 1920 ASSOCIATION DR, RESTON, VA 22091-1589 USA
SN 0013-1237
J9 EDUC TRAIN MENT RET
JI Educ. Train. Mental Retard. Dev. Disabil.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 1
BP 55
EP 68
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 448TZ
UT WOS:000169647200005
ER
PT J
AU Gourion, D
Viot, G
Goldberger, C
Cartier, M
Bourdel, MC
Poirier, MF
Olie, JP
Loo, H
Krebs, MO
AF Gourion, D
Viot, G
Goldberger, C
Cartier, M
Bourdel, MC
Poirier, MF
Olie, JP
Loo, H
Krebs, MO
TI Validation of the French version of a Minor Physical Anomalies scale in
schizophrenic patients and their parents
SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE
LA French
DT Article
DE development; Minor Physical Anomalies; schizophrenia
ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SIBLINGS; FEATURES; ORIGINS
AB Minor Physical Anomalies represent valuable indices of disturbance in early neurodevelopment. They are frequently observed in individuals with various brain disorders, including mental retardation, autism, epilepsy, hyperactivity, foetal alcohol syndrome and schizophrenia. The high prevalence of Minor Physical Anomalies in schizophrenia provides considerable support for a neurodevelopmental model in this disorder. However, studies in large sample using standardised scale are lacking. Such studies are needed in order to confirm their actual frequency and study the clinical correlates or morphological anomalies. Objective : The aim of this study was to revise and validate a French version of a scale designed for the evaluation of Minor Physical Anomalies in adult psychiatric patients and notably in patients with schizophrenia. Methodology : The scale was revised from the Waldrop scale. The choice of items was done on the basis of frequency, reliability in the adult, reliability of rating. Some new items, related to know syndroms with comportmental symptoms were added. Both raters had previously had a short initiation to the rating of the scale. Interrater reliability between two examiners, blind with regards to the diagnosis was evaluated. Results : The interrater reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient at 0.97. Patients had significantly more minor physical anomalies than comparison subjects, and also more Minor Physical Anomalies than their parents. Fathers and mothers of these schizophrenic patients had significantly more Minor Physical Anomalies than normal comparison subjects. Conclusion: Although the evaluation of physical anomalies relies on subjective appreciation of normal vs abnormal, the revised Version of minor physical anomalies scale (French version) was found to be a reliable tool, provided that a short initiation to the rating is performed. The scale differentia ted schizophrenic patients from their parents, and the latter from the normal controls. A lot of questions remains unanswered concerning the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. This scale appeared as a useful complementary tool to help in the determination of the developmental phenotypic status of the patients enrolled in pathophysiological studies aiming the identification of developmental factors in schizophrenia.
C1 Univ Paris, Lab Psychiat Biol, SHU, Hop St Anne, F-75014 Paris, France.
Grp Hosp Cochin St Vincent Paul, Serv Prof D Cabrol, F-75014 Paris, France.
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NR 20
TC 13
Z9 13
PU E T I M, ANNIE GARBARINO-BLOCH
PI PARIS
PA 56 RUE DE VOUILLE, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 0013-7006
J9 ENCEPHALE
JI Enceph.-Rev. Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2001
VL 27
IS 2
BP 143
EP 147
PG 5
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 439DE
UT WOS:000169094900005
PM 11407266
ER
PT J
AU Noterdaeme, M
Amorosa, H
Mildenberger, K
Sitter, S
Minow, F
AF Noterdaeme, M
Amorosa, H
Mildenberger, K
Sitter, S
Minow, F
TI Evaluation of attention problems in children with autism and children
with a specific language disorder
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; language disorder; attention; neuropsychology
ID LONG-TERM CONSISTENCY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST;
SPEECH/LANGUAGE PROFILES; IMPAIRED CHILDREN; DEFICITS; COMPREHENSION;
INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; DYSPHASIA
AB Children with autism and children with a specific language disorder show additional attention deficits. The literature on the neuropsychological investigation of attention in both groups of children suggests that the nature of their attention problems might be different. The purpose of this study is to examine the attention test profiles in these two groups of children with developmental disorders. Nineteen children and adolescents with autism, 17 subjects with a specific language disorder and 19 control subjects participated in the study. Non-verbal intelligence was normal for all subjects. The "Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprufung" was administered to all subjects. This instrument provides the possibility to examine a wide range of attention functions and executive functions. The results showed that the autistic individuals had deficits in executive functions, whereas the language impaired children had deficits in auditory sustained attention, in auditory selective attention, and in the domain of executive functions. It is concluded that although both groups of developmentally impaired subjects showed attention problems, the deficits are not the same in both groups. The different neuropsychological profiles probably reflect different mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the attention deficits in both types of developmental disorders.
C1 Heckscher Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Abt Teilleistungs & Verhaltensgestorte Kinder, D-81479 Munich, Germany.
Univ Munich, Inst Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Munich, Germany.
Univ Munich, Inst Soziale Padiatrie, Munich, Germany.
RP Noterdaeme, M (reprint author), Heckscher Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Abt Teilleistungs & Verhaltensgestorte Kinder, Wolfratshauser Str 350, D-81479 Munich, Germany.
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NR 34
TC 59
Z9 61
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 1
BP 58
EP 66
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 417FX
UT WOS:000167825700008
PM 11315537
ER
PT J
AU Allen, DA
Steinberg, M
Dunn, M
Fein, D
Feinstein, C
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
AF Allen, DA
Steinberg, M
Dunn, M
Fein, D
Feinstein, C
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
TI Autistic disorder versus other pervasive developmental disorders in
young children: same or different?
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; subgroups; diagnosis; specificity; cognition
ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CLASSIFICATION; SUBGROUPS
AB Eighteen preschool children diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Third Edition Revised (DSM III-R) as having Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were compared to 176 children with DSM III-R Autistic Disorder (AD), and to 311 non-autistic children with developmental language disorders (DLD) (N = 201) or low IQ (N = 110). All children were partitioned into "high" and "low" cognitive subgroups at a nonverbal IQ of 80. Within cognitive subgroups, the 18 PDD-NOS children did not differ significantly from either the DLD or the AD children in verbal and adaptive skills and obtained scores intermediate between those of these groups. The PDD-NOS did not differ from the AD children in maladaptive behaviors, Both the PDD-NOS and AD children had many more of these behaviors than the non-autistic comparison groups. Children in the "high" and "low" cognitive subgroups of AD, but not of PDD-NOS, differed substantially on most measures, with the children with lower cognitive scores significantly more impaired on all measures. Similarity of PDD-NOS children to AD children in maladaptive behaviors and an intermediate position between autistic and non-autistic groups on virtually all measures explains the difficulty clinicians encounter in classifying children with PDD and raises questions about the specificity of these diagnostic subtypes of the autistic spectrum.
C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Rose F Kennedy Ctr Res Mental Retardat Human Dev, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
New Jersey Med Coll, Child Behav Study, Trenton, NJ USA.
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT USA.
Marymount Coll, Dept Psychol, Tarrytown, NY USA.
Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child Psychiat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Rapin, I (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Rose F Kennedy Ctr Res Mental Retardat Human Dev, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
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NR 39
TC 18
Z9 18
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 1
BP 67
EP 78
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 417FX
UT WOS:000167825700009
PM 11315538
ER
PT J
AU Njiokiktjien, C
Verschoor, A
de Sonneville, L
Huyser, C
Veld, VOH
Toorenaar, N
AF Njiokiktjien, C
Verschoor, A
de Sonneville, L
Huyser, C
Veld, VOH
Toorenaar, N
TI Disordered recognition of facial identity and emotions in three Asperger
type autists
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's syndrome; autism; facial emotion; right hemisphere deficit
ID RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; CHILDS APPRAISAL; FUNCTIONAL MRI; EXPRESSIONS;
PERCEPTION; DISGUST; PERFORMANCE; LANGUAGE; FACES
AB In this report we aim to explore severe deficits in facial affect recognition in three boys all of whom meet the criteria of Asperger's syndrome (AS), as well as overt prosopagnosia in one (B) and covert prosopagnosia in the remaining two (C and D). Subject B, with a familially-based talent of being highly gifted in physics and mathematics, showed no interest in people, a quasi complete lack of comprehension of emotions, and very poor emotional reactivity. The marked neuropsychological deficits were a moderate prosopagnosia and severely disordered recognition of facial emotions, gender and age. Expressive facial emotion, whole body psychomotor expression and speech prosody were quasi absent as well. In all three boys these facial processing deficits were more or less isolated, and general visuospatial functions, attention, formal language and scholastic performances were normal or even highly developed with the exception of deficient gestalt perception in B. We consider the deficient facial emotion perception as an important pathogenetic symptom for the autistic behaviour in the three boys. Prosopagnosia, the absent facial and bodily expression, and speech prosody were important but varying co-morbid disorders. The total clinical picture of nonverbal disordered communication is a complex of predominantly bilateral and/or right hemisphere cortical deficits. Moreover, in B, insensitivity to pain, smells, noises and internal bodily feelings suggested a more general emotional anaesthesia and/or a deficient means of expression. It is possible that a limbic component might be involved, thus making affective appreciation also deficient.
C1 Free Univ Amsterdam Hosp, Pediat Outpatients Clin, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Inst Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Triversum, NL-1817 EZ Alkmaar, Netherlands.
RP Njiokiktjien, C (reprint author), Free Univ Amsterdam Hosp, Pediat Outpatients Clin, POB 7057, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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NR 57
TC 19
Z9 19
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 1
BP 79
EP 90
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 417FX
UT WOS:000167825700010
PM 11315539
ER
PT J
AU Lucas, P
AF Lucas, P
TI John Howard and Asperger's syndrome: psychopathology and philanthropy
SO HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
AB John Howard's (1726-1790) motives as a prison reformer appear obscure and a sense of his personality remains elusive. Biographies and contemporary texts suggest this is not merely the effect of historical distance: John Howard was considered eccentric by many of his contemporaries. It is suggested that Howard suffered from Asperger's Syndrome (AS), a disorder allied to autism. Sufferers may have high intelligence but characteristically,manifest impairments in social, communicative and imaginative functioning with inflexible thinking and an often fanatical preoccupation with a narrow special interest. The hypothesis may help explain enigmatic aspects of Howard's career and personal life, as well as our difficulty forming a sense of his identity. The correspondence between Howard's idiosyncratic perspective, putatively related to AS, and the direction of the profound 'disciplinary' transformation of eighteenth-century society is highlighted.
C1 N London Forens Serv, Enfield EN2 8JL, Middx, England.
RP Lucas, P (reprint author), N London Forens Serv, Hadley Lodge,Chase Farm Hosp Site,Ridgeway, Enfield EN2 8JL, Middx, England.
EM philipalucas@yahoo.co.uk
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NR 69
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0957-154X
J9 HIST PSYCHIATR
JI Hist. Psychiatr.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 12
IS 45
BP 73
EP 101
DI 10.1177/0957154X0101204504
PN 1
PG 29
WC History Of Social Sciences; Psychiatry
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychiatry
GA 449LN
UT WOS:000169686200004
ER
PT J
AU Elgar, K
Campbell, R
AF Elgar, K
Campbell, R
TI The development of face-identification skills: What lies behind the face
module?
SO INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; face recognition; Tuner syndrome; Williams syndrome
ID WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; TURNERS-SYNDROME; AUTISM; CHILDREN; ACTIVATION;
STIMULI; CORTEX; MIND; RECOGNITION; PATTERNS
C1 UCL, Behav Sci Unit, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England.
UCL, Dept Human Commun Sci, London, England.
RP Elgar, K (reprint author), UCL, Behav Sci Unit, Inst Child Hlth, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
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NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1522-7219
J9 INFANT CHILD DEV
JI Infant Child Dev.
PD MAR-JUN
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 1-2
BP 25
EP 30
DI 10.1002/icd.242
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 427TU
UT WOS:000168422200005
ER
PT J
AU Nicoll, A
AF Nicoll, A
TI Benefits, safety, and risks of immunisation programmes
SO INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; VACCINE SAFETY; MEASLES VACCINATION; ADVERSE
REACTIONS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; PERTUSSIS; CHILDREN; AUTISM;
DATALINK
AB Immunisation is potentially the most effective and efficient of all preventive medical activities. It is also unique among interventions in that it protects both the individual and the community. The UK's immunisation programme has been highly successful in controlling a number of life threatening infectious diseases, and consequently public concern has shifted from the diseases to vaccine safety. In recent years a series of vaccine myths and vaccine safety scares have affected the UK and other industrialised countries. Although an effective vaccine without any risk is probably unachievable, the vaccines in use in the UK are very safe. Serious adverse outcomes truly attributable to vaccination are extremely rare, always far rarer than adverse outcomes among individuals acquiring the vaccines' target infections. Vaccine safety may be called into question, however, on the basis of spurious coincidental associations between vaccination and adverse events. An inadequate public health response in the 1970s to a scare over whooping cough vaccine allowed substantial losses of professional and public confidence to take place. Vaccine coverage halved and much preventable morbidity and mortality resulted. Plausible vaccine associations must be investigated thoroughly, and the UK has become a world leader in developing techniques for rapid investigations. The public health response to scares over MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine safety has been faster and firmer than for whooping cough and no link has been found between MMR vaccine and inflammatory bowel disease or autism. Consequently the impact on immunisation coverage has been small, though the cumulative threat of measles, mumps, and rubella epidemics is growing. Recently an international investigation excluded a possible association of intussusception with oral polio vaccine before it could become a vaccine scare. A clearer chain of communication in responding to vaccine myths and scares is needed. This must provide rapid information and, if appropriate, reassurance to professionals and the public. Considerably more training is needed for professionals in providing information to the public and supporting parents in making difficult decisions over vaccination. Though there is no place for complacency, and improvements are needed, the UK's ability to monitor vaccine effectiveness, safety, and risks is strong, As a consequence it has a vaccination programme that is very safe and very effective.
C1 Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England.
RP Nicoll, A (reprint author), Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, England.
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NR 83
TC 1
Z9 1
PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS
PI LONDON
PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND
SN 0308-0188
J9 INTERDISCIPL SCI REV
JI Interdiscip. Sci. Rev.
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 1
BP 20
EP 30
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 439ZL
UT WOS:000169147700006
ER
PT J
AU Bernard-Opitz, V
Kwook, KW
Sapuan, S
AF Bernard-Opitz, V
Kwook, KW
Sapuan, S
TI Epidemiology of autism in Singapore: findings of the first autism survey
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; epidemiology; Singapore
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; JAPAN
AB The report describes the results of a survey conducted on 176 parents of children with autism in Singapore. The ages of the children ranged from 3 to 12 years. The survey focused on the child's background, behaviour problems and skill profile, the home and school situation as well as the linguistic and social background. It was noted that the Singapore population confirms the international distribution regarding a predominance of boys over girls and a low incidence of birth complications. A positive trend noted was the fact that 60% of the children were diagnosed before the age of 3 years. Discussion focuses on possible risk factors and psychosocial adversities for autism such as a high frequency of caregivers who are foreign maids, the use of multiple languages and the high level of punitive educational practices. The possible influence of psychosocial deprivation on child development is discussed. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 24:1-6 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Social Work & Psychol, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
RP Bernard-Opitz, V (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Social Work & Psychol, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
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NR 34
TC 4
Z9 5
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0342-5282
J9 INT J REHABIL RES
JI Int. J. Rehabil. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 24
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1097/00004356-200103000-00001
PG 6
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 414XJ
UT WOS:000167691200001
PM 11302459
ER
PT J
AU Ganz, J
AF Ganz, J
TI Teaching children with autism to mind-read: A practical guide
SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
RP Ganz, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
CR Howlin P., 1999, TEACHING CHILDREN AU
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1053-4512
J9 INTERV SCH CLIN
JI Interv. Sch. Clin.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 36
IS 4
BP 245
EP 246
PG 2
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 405LW
UT WOS:000167162000013
ER
PT J
AU Davidovitch, M
Holtzman, G
Tirosh, E
AF Davidovitch, M
Holtzman, G
Tirosh, E
TI Autism in the Haifa area - An epidemiological perspective
SO ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; pervasive developmental disorder; incidence; epidemiology;
Israel
ID PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; DISORDER
AB Background: Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder. The incidence rate and other related epidemiological characteristics of the Israeli population are not available.
Objectives: To assess the incidence rate of autism in the Haifa area and to compare family characteristics with previous reports from other countries.
Methods: We approached facilities in the Haifa area that are involved with the diagnosis and treatment of autism. The study group comprised children born between 1989 and 1993. Records of the children were scrutinized and 69% of the mothers were interviewed. Live-birth cohorts of the same years were employed for incidence computation.
Results: An incidence rate of 1/1,000 was derived. Male to female ratio was 4.2:1. Pregnancy and perinatal periods were mostly uneventful. A low prevalence of developmental and emotional morbidity was reported for family members.
Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics found in the Haifa area are similar to those reported from non-Israeli communities. This finding supports an underlying biological mechanism for this disorder. These data can be used for future trend analyses in Israel.
C1 Bnai Zion Med Ctr, Hannah Khousy Child Dev Ctr, IL-31048 Haifa, Israel.
Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rappoport Fac Med, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel.
RP Davidovitch, M (reprint author), Bnai Zion Med Ctr, Hannah Khousy Child Dev Ctr, 47 Golomb St,POB 4940, IL-31048 Haifa, Israel.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 11
TC 22
Z9 22
PU ISRAEL MEDICAL ASSOC JOURNAL
PI RAMAT GAN
PA 2 TWIN TOWERS, 11TH FL, 35 JABOTINSKY ST, PO BOX 3604, RAMAT GAN 52136,
ISRAEL
SN 1565-1088
J9 ISRAEL MED ASSOC J
JI Isr. Med. Assoc. J.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 3
IS 3
BP 188
EP 189
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 425XA
UT WOS:000168315900007
PM 11303376
ER
PT J
AU Sarokoff, RA
Taylor, BA
Poulson, CL
AF Sarokoff, RA
Taylor, BA
Poulson, CL
TI Teaching children with autism to engage in conversational exchanges:
Script fading with embedded textual stimuli
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; script fading; language acquisition; developmental disabilities;
antecedent control
AB A multiple baseline across three sets of stimuli was used to assess the effects of a script-fading procedure using embedded text to teach 2 children with autism to engage in conversation statements about the stimuli. Both students stated all the scripted statements, and unscripted statements also increased. Generalization was assessed with novel peers and with untrained stimuli.
C1 Alpine Learning Grp, Paramus, NJ 07652 USA.
CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10036 USA.
RP Taylor, BA (reprint author), Alpine Learning Grp, 777 Paramus Rd, Paramus, NJ 07652 USA.
CR Krantz PJ, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P191, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-191
KRANTZ PJ, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-121
NR 2
TC 37
Z9 37
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 1
BP 81
EP 84
DI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-81
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 414CZ
UT WOS:000167649500010
PM 11317993
ER
PT J
AU Kern, JK
Miller, VS
Cauller, L
Kendall, R
Mehta, J
Dodd, M
AF Kern, JK
Miller, VS
Cauller, L
Kendall, R
Mehta, J
Dodd, M
TI Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive
developmental disorder
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIMETHYLGLYCINE DEHYDROGENASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; T-CELLS; PROTEIN;
ASSOCIATION; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; BETAINE; SERUM
AB N,N-dimethylglycine, a dietary supplement, has been reported to be beneficial in children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder. We examined the effectiveness of dimethylglycine in children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study Thirty-seven children between 3 and 11 years of age with a diagnosis of autism and/or pervasive developmental disorder were gender and age matched and randomly assigned to receive either placebo or dimethylglycine for 4 weeks. All children were assessed before and after treatment on two behavioral measures, the Vineland Maladaptive Behavior Domain and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Standardized neurologic examinations before and after treatment on 33 children showed no change. An overall improvement on all behavioral measures was observed for both the placebo and the dimethylglycine groups. However, the improvement among the children who received dimethylglycine was not statistically different from the improvement observed among the children who received the placebo. The children who participated in this study were a heterogeneous group; and their apparent responses to the dimethylglycine varied. Some children appeared to respond positively to the dimethylglycine, and there was a smaller proportion of negative changes in the dimethylglycine group, but the quantitative changes in the dimethylglycine behavioral assessments were not significantly different from what was observed among children who received placebo.
C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Human Dev, Dallas, TX 75235 USA.
Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Neurol, Dallas, TX 75235 USA.
Univ Bridgeport, Dept Biochem, Bridgeport, CT USA.
RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Human Dev, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd,Suite 520,St Paul Profess B, Dallas, TX 75235 USA.
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NR 40
TC 33
Z9 33
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 3
BP 169
EP 173
DI 10.1177/088307380101600303
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 473DV
UT WOS:000171025500003
PM 11305684
ER
PT J
AU Happe, F
Briskman, J
Frith, U
AF Happe, F
Briskman, J
Frith, U
TI Exploring the cognitive phenotype of autism: Weak "central coherence" in
parents and siblings of children with autism: I. Experimental tests
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's disorder; autistic disorder; behavioural phenotypes;
cognition; genetics; visuospatial functioning
ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; SUBCLINICAL MARKERS; EMBEDDED FIGURES; WISC-R;
PERFORMANCE; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; RELATIVES; PATTERNS; FAMILIES
AB Previous twin and family studies have indicated that there are strong genetic influences in the etiology of autism, and provide support for the notion of a broader phenotype in first-degree relatives. The present study explored this phenotype in terms of one current cognitive theory of autism. Parents and brothers of boys with autism. boys with dyslexia, and normal boys were given tests of "central coherence", on which children with autism perform unusually well due to an information-processing bias favouring part/detail processing over processing of wholes/meaning. Results indicated that fathers of boys with autism, as a group, showed piecemeal processing across four tests of central coherence. This was not true for any other group. These findings raise the possibility that the broader autism phenotype may include a "cognitive style" (weak central coherence) that can confer information-processing advantages.
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), SGDP Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, 111 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466;
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709
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YIRMIYA N, 2000, UNPUB COMPARISON SIB
NR 46
TC 153
Z9 155
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 3
BP 299
EP 307
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00723
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 433QC
UT WOS:000168770400003
PM 11321199
ER
PT J
AU Briskman, J
Happe, F
Frith, U
AF Briskman, J
Happe, F
Frith, U
TI Exploring the cognitive phenotype of autism: Weak "central coherence" in
parents and siblings of children with autism: II. Real-life skills and
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's disorder; autistic disorder; behavioural phenotypes;
cognition
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY-HISTORY; RELATIVES; MIND
AB information on everyday life activities and preferences in both social and nonsocial domains was obtained From parents and children who had taken part in an experimental study of central coherence. Comparisons were made between parents who had a son with autism, parents with a dyslexic son, and families without a history of developmental disorder, as well as the male siblings in these families. Data on everyday preferences and abilities were elicited by means of an experimental questionnaire. Significant group differences in social and nonsocial preferences were found, suggesting that some parents showed similarities with their son with autism, in preference for nonsocial activities and ability in detail-focused processing. A similar experimental questionnaire, completed by parents on behalf of their sons. discriminated between autism group probands and controls. but did not differentiate sibling groups. The relevance of the nonsocial items to central coherence is discussed in the light of the findings in Part I: autism parents who reported more autism-related nonsocial (but not social) preferences. tended to show a piecemeal processing style on the experimental tasks.
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), SGDP Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, 111 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466;
CR Bailey A, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P369, DOI 10.1023/A:1026048320785
Baron-Cohen S, 1997, ADV INFANCY RES, V11, P193
BaronCohen S, 1997, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V9, P548, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.548
BARONCOHEN S, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE
Baron-Cohen S., 1998, AUTISM, V2, P296, DOI 10.1177/1362361398023008
Baron-Cohen Simon, 1997, AUTISM, V1, P101, DOI 10.1177/1362361397011010
BOLTON P, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P877, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x
Folstein SE, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P1117, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004461
FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8
Happe F, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P216, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01318-2
Happe F, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P299, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00723
Happe FGE, 1997, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P1
Jarrold C, 2000, DEV PSYCHOL, V36, P126, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.126
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SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022
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YIRMIYA N, 2000, UNPUB COMPARISON SIB
NR 19
TC 55
Z9 55
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 3
BP 309
EP 316
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00724
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 433QC
UT WOS:000168770400004
PM 11321200
ER
PT J
AU Russell, J
Hill, EL
AF Russell, J
Hill, EL
TI Action-monitoring and intention reporting in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; cognition; executive functions; false belief task; intention;
theory of mind
ID MIND; REPRESENTATION; INDIVIDUALS; CONCEPTION; DISORDERS
AB The "mindblindness" theory of core cognitive impairment in autism and at least one of the executive theories of the core cognitive deficit both predict that children with autism should find it difficult to report what their intention was when it diverged from an outcome. The former predicts this because it takes intention reporting to require a "theory of mind" and the latter predicts it because the theory posits an impairment in the monitoring of goal-directed actions. The latter also predicts impairments in the ability to monitor basic actions Our three studies failed to support either of these views. Experiment 1 demonstrated intact abilities in the monitoring of basic actions (detecting which stimulus of a number of stimuli one is controlling). Experiment 2 demonstrated intact abilities in reporting an intention. both for self and for another agent, when the outcome was unintended but desired. in Experiment 3, using the novel " transparent intentions task ", we found (with a minor qualification) intact ability in reporting on nonballistic intended actions when the result that the action achieved was unexpected. The implications of these results for views of the relation between theory of mind and executive difficulties in autism are discussed.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Russell, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 42
TC 67
Z9 67
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 3
BP 317
EP 328
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006874
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 433QC
UT WOS:000168770400005
PM 11321201
ER
PT J
AU Jordan, R
AF Jordan, R
TI Parents' education as autism therapists: Applied behaviour analysis in
context.
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Book Review
CR KEENAN M, 2000, PARENTS EDUC AUTIMS
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 3
BP 421
EP 421
DI 10.1017/S0021963001216795
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 433QC
UT WOS:000168770400015
ER
PT J
AU Rapport, MD
AF Rapport, MD
TI Bridging theory and practice: Conceptual understanding of treatments for
children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, and depression
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Serves as an introduction to a special edition of the journal on bridging theory and clinical practice for childhood disorders. Issues concerning the current trend of developing and evaluating new treatments devoid of a theoretical perspective are discussed. A conceptual model of child psychopathology is presented to illustrate the relevance and interplay between theory and the design and evaluation of treatments with particular emphasis on the selection and measurement of target behaviors. The means by which theory and empirical evidence interact and their relevance to understanding particular childhood disorders are discussed and emphasize the need for theoretical and conceptual models that describe the linkages among hypothesized brain substrates, cognitive function, behavior. and the environment to augment the development of potent biological and psychological interventions.
C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
RP Rapport, MD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Barkley RA, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V121, P65, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65
Bronowski J, 1977, SENSE FUTURE, P104
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NR 10
TC 4
Z9 6
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0047-228X
J9 J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL
JI J. Clin. Child Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 1
BP 3
EP 7
DI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_2
PG 5
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 418MF
UT WOS:000167895400001
PM 11294075
ER
PT J
AU Koegel, RL
Koegel, LK
McNerney, EK
AF Koegel, RL
Koegel, LK
McNerney, EK
TI Pivotal areas in intervention for autism
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE;
MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; SELF-MANAGEMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISRUPTIVE
BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TEACHING-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR;
STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY
AB Discusses several core pivotal areas that appear to be influential in intervention for autism. Literature and outcome data are reviewed with respect to several core areas that appear to be particularly helpful in intervention for autism, including improving motivation, responsivity to multiple cues, self-management, and self-initiation of social interactions. A conceptual framework is described and outcome data are reviewed suggesting that when children with autism are motivated to initiate complex social interactions, it may reverse a cycle of impairment, resulting in exceptionally favorable intervention outcomes for many children. Because the peripheral features of autism can be numerous and extensive, the concept of intervention for pivotal areas of functioning may be critical if children are to be habilitated in a time- and cost-efficient manner.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Grad Sch Educ, Counseling Clin Sch Psychol Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Koegel, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Grad Sch Educ, Counseling Clin Sch Psychol Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
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NR 164
TC 58
Z9 59
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0047-228X
J9 J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL
JI J. Clin. Child Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 1
BP 19
EP 32
DI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_4
PG 14
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 418MF
UT WOS:000167895400003
PM 11294074
ER
PT J
AU Volkmar, FR
AF Volkmar, FR
TI Pharmacological interventions in autism: Theoretical and practical
issues
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN; FENFLURAMINE;
HALOPERIDOL; NALTREXONE; ADULTS; PLACEBO; TRIAL; HYDROCHLORIDE
AB Focused on issues of drug treatment in relation to autism. Pharmacological treatment studies in autism are complicated by various factors including a tremendous range of syndrome expression, a lack of robust animal models of the disorder, and various methodological problems. Theories have tended to follow treatments, and various neurochemical systems have been the focus of study. Neurochemical systems potentially implicated include those involving dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and neuropeptides. The dopaminergic system has been the most extensively studied. Treatments developed are effective relative to certain disabling symptoms but "core" problems (e.g., in social relatedness and communication) appear less responsive to medications. The development of new approaches to assessment, including integration of behavioral and pharmacological approaches, is an important research priority.
C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
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World Health Organisation, 1994, DIAGN CRIT RES
NR 61
TC 40
Z9 42
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0047-228X
J9 J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL
JI J. Clin. Child Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 1
BP 80
EP 87
DI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_9
PG 8
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 418MF
UT WOS:000167895400008
PM 11294081
ER
PT J
AU Werry, JS
AF Werry, JS
TI Pharmacological treatments of autism, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and depression in children and
youth - Commentary
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
RP Werry, JS (reprint author), 19 Edervale Crescent,Mt Eden, Auckland 3, New Zealand.
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NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0047-228X
J9 J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL
JI J. Clin. Child Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 30
IS 1
BP 110
EP 113
DI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3001_12
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 418MF
UT WOS:000167895400011
PM 11294068
ER
PT J
AU Adolphs, R
Sears, L
Piven, J
AF Adolphs, R
Sears, L
Piven, J
TI Abnormal processing of social information from faces in autism
SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN AMYGDALA; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; RECOGNITION; BRAIN; CHILDREN; EMOTION; DAMAGE;
NEUROANATOMY
AB Autism has been thought to be characterized, in part, by dysfunction in emotional and social cognition, but the pathology of the underlying processes and their neural substrates remain poorly understood. Several studies have hypothesized that abnormal amygdala function may account for some of the impairments seen in autism, specifically, impaired recognition of socially relevant information from faces. We explored this issue in eight high-functioning subjects with autism in four experiments that assessed recognition of emotional and social information, primarily from faces. All tasks used were identical to those previously used in studies of subjects with bilateral amygdala damage, permitting direct comparisons. All subjects with autism made abnormal social judgments regarding the trustworthiness of faces; however, all were able to make normal social judgments from lexical stimuli, and all had a normal ability to perceptually discriminate the stimuli. Overall, these data from subjects with autism show some parallels to those from neurological subjects with focal amygdala damage. We suggest that amygdala dysfunction in autism might contribute to an impaired ability to link visual perception of socially relevant stimuli with retrieval of social knowledge and with elicitation of social behavior.
C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Adolphs, R (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Neurol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
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NR 40
TC 253
Z9 258
PU M I T PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA
SN 0898-929X
J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI
JI J. Cogn. Neurosci.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 2
BP 232
EP 240
DI 10.1162/089892901564289
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 409AR
UT WOS:000167362800007
PM 11244548
ER
PT J
AU Tomasello, M
AF Tomasello, M
TI Cultural transmission - A view from chimpanzees and human infants
SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID 18-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN; LEARN WORDS; OBJECTS; IMITATION; BEHAVIOR;
CONTEXTS; AUTISM; ACTS
AB Human beings are biologically adapted for culture in ways that other primates are not, as evidenced most clearly by the fact that only human cultural traditions accumulate modifications over historical time (the ratchet effect). The key adaptation is one that enables individuals to understand other individuals as intentional agents like the self This species-unique form of social cognition emerges in human ontogeny at around 1 year of age as infants begin to engage with other persons in various kinds of joint attentional activities involving gaze following, social referencing, and gestural communication. Young children's joint attentional skills then engender some uniquely powerful forms of cultural learning, enabling the acquisition of language, discourse skills, tool use practices, and many other conventional activities. These novel forms of cultural learning allow human beings to pool their cognitive resources bath contemporaneously and over historical time in ways that are unique in the animal kingdom.
C1 Max Planck Inst Eovlutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany.
RP Tomasello, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eovlutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany.
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NR 36
TC 28
Z9 28
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0022-0221
J9 J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL
JI J. Cross-Cult. Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 32
IS 2
BP 135
EP 146
DI 10.1177/0022022101032002002
PG 12
WC Psychology, Social
SC Psychology
GA 416NA
UT WOS:000167786000002
ER
PT J
AU Gena, A
Kymissis, E
AF Gena, A
Kymissis, E
TI Assessing and setting goals for the attending and communicative behavior
of three preschoolers with autism in inclusive kindergarten settings
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; inclusion; communicative behavior; normative data
ID SOCIAL-SKILLS; SEVERE DISABILITIES; JOINT ATTENTION; PROFOUND
DISABILITIES; PEER INTERACTIONS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS;
INITIATIONS; SCHOOL
AB Research findings of Helios II, a task plan for children with disabilities (1993-96) involving the nations of the European Economic Community, indicate that relevant and individualized inclusion plans, designed and used by well-trained specialists, is a key factor to successful inclusive education. The premise of this study was to set individualized goals that address the communicative difficulties of three preschoolers with autism in inclusive kindergarten settings. The findings of this study indicate that preschoolers with autism, compared with their typical peers in kindergarten, had low attending behavior; did not respond to their peer's comments, questions, and invitations; and did not initiate interactions with peers. Normative data were collected and analyzed in the domains for difficulty stated above, and inclusion goals for children with autism were set accordingly. Setting such goals was considered to be an important prerequisite for a systematic intervention addressing the needs of preschoolers with autism in inclusion settings.
C1 Univ Athens, Dept Philosophy Educ Psychol, Athens, Greece.
Effie Kymissis, Alpine Learning Grp, Alpine, NJ USA.
RP Gena, A (reprint author), Aigaiou 50, Athens 17124, Greece.
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NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1056-263X
J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL
JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 1
BP 11
EP 26
DI 10.1023/A:1026553215508
PG 16
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 413ZA
UT WOS:000167640400002
ER
PT J
AU Furlano, RI
Anthony, A
Day, R
Brown, A
McGarvey, L
Thomson, MA
Davies, SE
Berelowitz, M
Forbes, A
Wakefield, AJ
Walker-Smith, JA
Murch, SH
AF Furlano, RI
Anthony, A
Day, R
Brown, A
McGarvey, L
Thomson, MA
Davies, SE
Berelowitz, M
Forbes, A
Wakefield, AJ
Walker-Smith, JA
Murch, SH
TI Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage
in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; AUTOANTIBODIES; COLITIS; MEASLES; DISEASE
AB Objectives: We have reported colitis with ileal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) in children with regressive autism. The aims of this study were to characterize this lesion and determine whether LNH is specific for autism.
Methods: Ileo-colonoscopy was performed in 21 consecutively evaluated children with autistic spectrum disorders and bowel symptoms, Blinded comparison was made with 8 children with histologically normal ileum and colon, 10 developmentally normal children with ileal LNH, 15 with Crohn's disease, and 14 with ulcerative colitis. Immunohistochemistry was performed for cell lineage and functional markers, and histochemistry was performed for glycosaminoglycans and basement membrane thickness,
Results: Histology demonstrated lymphocytic colitis in the autistic children, less severe than classical inflammatory bowel disease. However, basement membrane thickness and mucosal gamma delta cell density were significantly increased above those of all other groups including patients with inflammatory bowel disease. CD8(+) density and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers were higher than those in the Crohn's disease, LNH, and normal control groups; and CD3 and plasma cell density and crypt proliferation were higher than those in normal and LNH control groups. Epithelial, but not lamina propria, glycosaminoglycans were disrupted. However, the epithelium was HLA-DR-, suggesting a predominantly T(H)2 response.
Interpretation: Immunohistochemistry confirms a distinct lymphocytic colitis in autistic spectrum disorders in which the epithelium appears particularly affected. This is consistent with increasing evidence for gut epithelial dysfunction in autism.
C1 UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Univ Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, London NW3 2PF, England.
UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Inflammatory Bowel Dis Study Grp, London NW3 2PF, England.
UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Univ Dept Med, London NW3 2PF, England.
UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Univ Dept Histopathol, London NW3 2PF, England.
UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London NW3 2PF, England.
St Marks Hosp, IBD Res Unit, London EC1V 2PS, England.
RP Murch, SH (reprint author), UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Univ Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Royal Free Campus,Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England.
RI Day, Richard/C-5725-2009; Sherry, Angela/A-3293-2012
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NR 33
TC 87
Z9 87
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 138
IS 3
BP 366
EP 372
DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.111323
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 413BZ
UT WOS:000167591200014
PM 11241044
ER
PT J
AU Cede, M
Tidwell, S
AF Cede, M
Tidwell, S
TI Autism and the school nurse
SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ADULTS; CHILDREN
AB Until recently, treatment for children with autism involved housing them in hospitals for the developmentally disabled. Today, more states are returning children with autism to their home communities, and more parents are choosing or are brine required to keep their children with autism in their homes. Laws were developed to ensure that children with autism receive some form of education, often through the local school system. School nurses, who may not hav experience working with children with autism, may feel uncertain about how to provide support for the child with autism. Approximately 300, 000 persons in the United States hai e autism or display autistic behaviors. About one-third are under age 21. People with autism come from all socioeconomic classes. Males are four times more likely to be affected by autism than females. People with autism can be expected to live a normal lifespan.
C1 Emporia State Univ, Emporia, KS 66801 USA.
RP Cede, M (reprint author), Emporia State Univ, 1127 Chestnut, Emporia, KS 66801 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
BAERG KL, 1991, REHAB NURS, V16, P88
CAMPBELL M, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1283, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00024
COOK E, 1999, BIOMEDICAL CLIN NEUR
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KUHN PM, 1991, REHAB NURS, V16, P19
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NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC
PI KENT
PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA
SN 0022-4391
J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH
JI J. Sch. Health
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 71
IS 3
BP 96
EP 100
PG 5
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services;
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 420WB
UT WOS:000168027300004
ER
PT J
AU Broderick, AA
Kasa-Hendrickson, C
AF Broderick, AA
Kasa-Hendrickson, C
TI "Say just one word at first": The emergence of reliable speech in a
student labeled with autism
SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS
LA English
DT Article
DE qualitative research; interpretivist research; autism; speech
development; language development; facilitated communication
ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SCIENCE
AB This article presents a qualitative, interpretivist research study that documents the emergence, in the context of typed expression, of increasingly useful and reliable speech for a young person labeled with autism. The authors construct a descriptive narrative of the process of this young man's emergent speech development and organize the data around four components of this complex, dynamic, and nonlinear process: (a) echolalia or "unreliable" speech, (b) reading out loud (c) using reliable speech, and (d) integrating speaking and typing. Additionally, the authors identify three categories of supports that this young man and his family experienced and interpreted as being supportive of his emergent speech. These categories include (a) the importance of taking risks, (b) the importance of seeing and hearing words together, and (c) the importance of an inclusive academic education including rich literacy experiences. Throughout, this inductive analysis constructs an understanding of how this young man and his family have experienced and interpreted his emergence as a reliable speaker.
C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Educ Psychol Adm & Counseling, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
RP Broderick, AA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Educ Psychol Adm & Counseling, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
CR ATTFIELD R, 1998, FACILITATED COMMUNIC, V6
Beukelman D. R., 1998, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA
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Biklen D., 1997, CONTESTED WORDS CONT
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CALCULATOR SN, 1992, TOP LANG DISORD, V12, pR9
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Crossley R., 1997, SPEECHLESS FACILITAT
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THELEN E, 1995, AM PSYCHOL, V50, P79, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.50.2.79
Thelen E., 1994, DYNAMIC SYSTEMS APPR
WHEELER DL, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P49
NR 34
TC 21
Z9 21
PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP
PI BALTIMORE
PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA
SN 0274-9483
J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE
JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 1
BP 13
EP 24
DI 10.2511/rpsd.26.1.13
PG 12
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 439WQ
UT WOS:000169140900002
ER
PT J
AU Koegel, LK
AF Koegel, LK
TI Autism spectrum disorders: A transactional developmental perspective.
SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE HANDICAPS
LA English
DT Book Review
ID INTERVENTIONS
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Koegel, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
CR Dawson G, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P415, DOI 10.1023/A:1005547422749
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KOEGEL LK, 1995, AUTISM ASSESSMENT SU, P17
MCGEE GG, 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P127
WETHERBY A, 2000, AUSTISM SPECTRUM DEV
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASSN PERS SEVERE HANDICAP
PI BALTIMORE
PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA
SN 0274-9483
J9 J ASSOC PERS SEVERE
JI J. Assoc. Pers. Sev. Handicap
PD SPR
PY 2001
VL 26
IS 1
BP 63
EP 65
DI 10.2511/rpsd.26.1.63
PG 3
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 439WQ
UT WOS:000169140900007
ER
PT J
AU Boone, LM
AF Boone, LM
TI Exiting nirvana: A daughter's life with autism.
SO LIBRARY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 San Jose Publ Lib, San Jose, CA USA.
RP Boone, LM (reprint author), San Jose Publ Lib, San Jose, CA USA.
CR Park C.C., 2001, EXITING NIRVANA DAUG
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0363-0277
J9 LIBR J
JI Libr. J.
PD MAR 1
PY 2001
VL 126
IS 4
BP 117
EP 117
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 405NB
UT WOS:000167164900155
ER
PT J
AU Malek-Ahmadi, P
AF Malek-Ahmadi, P
TI Cytokines and etiopathogenesis of pervasive developmental disorders
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Article
ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTORS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; T-CELLS;
AUTISM; PENTOXIFYLLINE; HALOPERIDOL; DEXAMETHASONE; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN
AB Autistic disorder, also known as early infantile autism, is a developmental disorder of unknown etiology. However, there is some evidence to suggest that abnormalities of the immune system mediate the pathophysiology of autistic disorder. Cytokines, which play a pivotal role in initiating and maintaining immune responses, have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of major neuropsychiatric disorders including autism. Cytokines are synthesized in the periphery, as well as in the central nervous system, and exert their effects by binding to their receptors in the nervous tissues. It is suggested that, in genetically predisposed individuals, overproduction or decreased synthesis of certain cytokines may result in neurodevelopmental arrest and/or neurotoxicity. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA.
RP Malek-Ahmadi, P (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 3
BP 321
EP 324
DI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1278
PG 4
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 424BF
UT WOS:000168211700010
PM 11359354
ER
PT J
AU Fatemi, SH
AF Fatemi, SH
TI Reelin mutations in mouse and man: from reeler mouse to schizophrenia,
mood disorders, autism and lissencephaly
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID MUTANT MICE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NEONATAL MICE;
LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTORS; REGULATES REELIN; VLDL RECEPTOR; IN-UTERO;
EXPRESSION; GENE
C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Neurosci Res, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Neurosci Res, Dept Psychiat, Box 392,Mayo Bldg,4200 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
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NR 67
TC 84
Z9 87
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 2
BP 129
EP 133
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000129
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 402CH
UT WOS:000166968100004
PM 11317213
ER
PT J
AU Persico, AM
D'Agruma, L
Maiorano, N
Totaro, A
Militerni, R
Bravaccio, C
Wassink, TH
Schneider, C
Melmed, R
Trillo, S
Montecchi, F
Palermo, M
Pascucci, T
Puglisi-Allegra, S
Reichelt, KL
Conciatori, M
Marino, R
Quattrocchi, CC
Baldi, A
Zelante, L
Gasparini, P
Keller, F
AF Persico, AM
D'Agruma, L
Maiorano, N
Totaro, A
Militerni, R
Bravaccio, C
Wassink, TH
Schneider, C
Melmed, R
Trillo, S
Montecchi, F
Palermo, M
Pascucci, T
Puglisi-Allegra, S
Reichelt, KL
Conciatori, M
Marino, R
Quattrocchi, CC
Baldi, A
Zelante, L
Gasparini, P
Keller, F
CA CLSA
TI Reelin gene alleles and haplotypes as a factor predisposing to autistic
disorder
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE allelic association; autism; cranial circumference; haplotype relative
risk; linkage disequilibrium; reeler mouse; serotonin; splice junction;
transmission/disequilibrium test; trinucleotide repeat
ID TRANSMISSION/DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; NEUROANATOMICAL ABNORMALITIES; LINKAGE
DISEQUILIBRIUM; CORTICAL-NEURONS; MOUSE; MICE; ORGANIZATION; CEREBELLAR;
MUTATION; BRAIN
AB Autistic disorder (MIM 209850) is currently viewed as a neurodevelopmental disease. Reelin plays a pivotal role in the development of laminar structures Including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and of several brainstem nuclei. Neuroanatomical evidence is consistent with Reelin involvement in autistic disorder. In this study, we describe several polymorphisms identified using RNA-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Association and linkage were assessed comparing 95 Italian patients to 186 ethnically-matched controls, and using the transmission/disequilibrium test and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk In 172 complete trios from 165 families collected in Italy and in the USA. Both case-control and family-based analyses yield a significant association between autistic disorder and a polymorphic GGC repeat located immediately 5' of the reelin gene (RELN) ATG initiator codon, as well as with specific haplotypes formed by this polymorphism with two single-base substitutions located in a splice junction in exon 6 and within exon 50. Triplet repeats located in 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs) are indicative of strong transcriptional regulation. Our findings suggest that longer triplet repeats in the 5'UTR of the RELN gene center vulnerability to autistic disorder.
C1 Libera Univ, Neurosci Lab, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, I-00155 Rome, Italy.
IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Med Genet Serv, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
Univ Naples 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy.
Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA USA.
SW Autism Res Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA.
Osped Bambino Gesu, IRCCS, Div Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy.
Libera Univ, Clin Autism & Dev Disabilities, Rome, Italy.
Univ La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Rome, Italy.
Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Pediat Res, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
RP Keller, F (reprint author), Libera Univ, Neurosci Lab, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, Campus Bio Med,Via Longoni 83, I-00155 Rome, Italy.
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NR 66
TC 203
Z9 216
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 2
BP 150
EP 159
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000850
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 402CH
UT WOS:000166968100007
PM 11317216
ER
PT J
AU Feng, J
Zheng, J
Gelernter, J
Kranzler, H
Cook, E
Goldman, D
Jones, IR
Craddock, N
Heston, LL
Delisi, L
Peltonen, L
Bennett, WP
Sommer, SS
AF Feng, J
Zheng, J
Gelernter, J
Kranzler, H
Cook, E
Goldman, D
Jones, IR
Craddock, N
Heston, LL
Delisi, L
Peltonen, L
Bennett, WP
Sommer, SS
TI An in-frame deletion in the alpha(2C) adrenergic receptor is common in
African-Americans
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE adrenergic receptor; schizophrenia; genetic polymorphism; case-control
series; gene deletion; behavior disorder
ID CLONIDINE TREATMENT; AUTISTIC DISORDER; MESSENGER-RNA; DOPAMINE;
ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS; GENE; POLYMORPHISMS; PHARMACOLOGY; POPULATION
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C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
VA CT Healthcare Syst, Dept Psychiat, W Haven, CT 06516 USA.
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, W Haven, CT 06516 USA.
Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
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Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Sommer, SS (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Fox Plaza S,Room 2001,1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
RI Jones, Ian/B-4925-2009; Goldman, David/F-9772-2010; turton,
miranda/F-4682-2011
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NR 28
TC 13
Z9 13
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 6
IS 2
BP 168
EP 172
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000817
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 402CH
UT WOS:000166968100009
PM 11317218
ER
PT J
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polymorphism
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LA English
DT Article
DE adenosine deaminase; autism; purine; genetics
ID PURINE METABOLISM; DEFICIENCY; ETIOLOGY
AB Reduced adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been reported in sera of autistic children relative to controls. Additionally, the Asn allele of the ADA Asp8Asn polymorphism has been associated with reduced enzymatic activity. Therefore, we studied this polymorphism in autistic children and controls from two Italian populations. We observed a significantly elevated frequency of the low-activity Asn allele in the total sample of autistic cases relative to controls (P<0.00001), and in both study populations (P<0.001 and P<0.025). We suggest that this putative genotype-dependent reduction in ADA activity may be a risk factor for the development of autism.
C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Pediat Neurol Unit, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Internal Med, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
Anni Verdi Res Ctr Autism, Rome, Italy.
Natl Res Council, Ctr Evolutionary Genet, Rome, Italy.
Univ Catania, Dept Pediat, Catania, Italy.
IRCCS Troina, Dept Neurol, Troina, Italy.
RP Curatolo, P (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Pediat Neurol Unit, Via Tor Vergata 135, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
RI Fiumara, Agata/F-7200-2012
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NR 25
TC 35
Z9 35
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 1364-6745
J9 NEUROGENETICS
JI Neurogenetics
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 3
IS 2
BP 111
EP 113
DI 10.1007/s100480000104
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 421LN
UT WOS:000168066000010
PM 11354825
ER
PT J
AU Shinnar, S
Rapin, I
Arnold, S
Tuchman, RF
Shulman, L
Ballaban-Gil, K
Maw, M
Deuel, RK
Volkmar, FR
AF Shinnar, S
Rapin, I
Arnold, S
Tuchman, RF
Shulman, L
Ballaban-Gil, K
Maw, M
Deuel, RK
Volkmar, FR
TI Language regression in childhood
SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME; VERBAL AUDITORY AGNOSIA; CONVULSIVE DISORDER;
ACQUIRED APHASIA; DYSPHASIC CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SPEECH LOSS;
SEIZURES; EPILEPSY; ONSET
AB Language regression is observed both in autistic regression and as part of acquired epileptic aphasia (Landau-Kleffner Syndrome). We prospectively identified 177 children with language regression at four major medical centers, and their clinical characteristics were recorded. Their mean age at regression was 22.8 months. The mean time-to-specialist referral was 38 months of age. Most children (88%) met criteria for autism or manifested autistic features, Males (P = 0.02) and children less than 3 years of age who regressed (P = 0.016) had a higher probability of developing autistic behaviors. Seizures were more common in children who regressed after they reached 3 years of age (P < 0.001), and children with seizures were less likely to have associated autistic regression (P < 0.001). Electroencephalogram abnormalities were reported in 37 % of patients and were more common in children with seizures (P < 0.001). At last follow-up, language function was impaired in 88% of the children, although some improvement was noted in 57%, We conclude that the loss of previously acquired language at any age, even if that language only includes a few words or communicative gestures, is often associated with a more global regression in cognition and/or behavior and has serious implications for future function. Early identification and referral of these children is necessary to allow for diagnosis and intervention. <(c)> 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy ctr, Childrens Evaluat & Rehabil Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
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Miami Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL USA.
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
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NR 45
TC 67
Z9 68
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0887-8994
J9 PEDIATR NEUROL
JI Pediatr. Neurol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 24
IS 3
BP 183
EP 189
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 426FG
UT WOS:000168338700002
PM 11301218
ER
PT J
AU Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LG
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
AF Sandler, AD
Brazdziunas, D
Cooley, WC
de Pijem, LG
Hirsch, D
Kastner, TA
Kummer, ME
Quint, RD
Ruppert, ES
CA Comm Children Disabilities
TI Counseling families who choose complementary and alternative medicine
for their child with chronic illness or disability
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; THERAPIES
AB The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat chronic illness or disability is increasing in the United States. This is especially evident among children with autism and related disorders. It may be challenging to the practicing pediatrician to distinguish among accepted biomedical treatments, unproven therapies, and alternative therapies. Moreover, there are no published guidelines regarding the use of CAM in the care of children with chronic illness or disability. To best serve the interests of children, it is important to maintain a scientific perspective, to provide balanced advice about therapeutic options, to guard against bias, and to establish and maintain a trusting relationship with families. This statement provides information and guidance for pediatricians when counseling families about CAM.
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NR 23
TC 94
Z9 95
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 3
BP 598
EP 601
PG 4
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 406KW
UT WOS:000167216200042
ER
PT J
AU Feng, J
Craddock, N
Jones, LR
Cook, EH
Goldman, D
Heston, LL
Peltonen, L
DeLisi, LE
Sommer, SS
AF Feng, J
Craddock, N
Jones, LR
Cook, EH
Goldman, D
Heston, LL
Peltonen, L
DeLisi, LE
Sommer, SS
TI Systematic screening for mutations in the glycine receptor alpha 2
subunit gene (GLRA2) in patients with schizophrenia and other
psychiatric diseases
SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE GLRA2; schizophrenia; detection of virtually all mutations-SSCP
ID PUERPERAL PSYCHOSIS; SEQUENCE CHANGES; DOVAM-S; ASSOCIATION; DISORDER;
VARIANTS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; CANDIDATE; LINKAGE
AB The glycine receptor, which is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, mediates synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and other brain regions, This superfamily has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases, The complete coding sequence and splice junctions of the GLRA2 gene were scanned by DOVAM-S, a form of SSCP analysis with sufficient redundancy to detect virtually all mutations. Those analyses were performed in 113 patients with schizophrenia, and in pilot studies of patients with bipolar illness, alcoholism, puerperal psychosis, autism, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (533 kb total scanned sequences). We detected three sequence changes in the coding region, all resulting in silent mutations: C894T in exon 5, C1134T in exon 7, and C1476T in exon 9. These do not alter the structure or the expression of the protein, It is unlikely that mutations in the coding region and splice junction of GLRA2 gene are associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases, Psychiatr Genet 11:45-48 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
Univ Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Psychiat Hosp, Div Neurosci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
NIAAA, Dept Psychiat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
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SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
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NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0955-8829
J9 PSYCHIATR GENET
JI Psychiatr. Genet.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 1
BP 45
EP 48
DI 10.1097/00041444-200103000-00009
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 437YP
UT WOS:000169027200008
PM 11409700
ER
PT J
AU Plomin, R
AF Plomin, R
TI Genetics and behaviour
SO PSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCUS; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; PERSONALITY; TWINS; DNA;
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PERSPECTIVES; NURTURE; AUTISM
C1 Inst Psychiat, Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London, England.
RP Plomin, R (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London, England.
RI Plomin, Robert/B-8911-2008
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NR 36
TC 8
Z9 8
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0952-8229
J9 PSYCHOLOGIST
JI Psychologist
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 3
BP 134
EP 139
PG 6
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 412ZL
UT WOS:000167585100018
ER
PT J
AU Brune, M
AF Brune, M
TI Social cognition and psychopathology in an evolutionary perspective -
Current status and proposals for research
SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE social brain; theory of mind; metacognition; evolutionary theory
ID SITUATIONAL ATTRIBUTIONS; MIND; BRAIN; REPRESENTATION; AUTISM; DEFICITS;
PRIMATES; BELIEFS; HYPOTHESIS; DISORDERS
AB The phylogenetic and ontogenetic developments of social cognition have been a major research focus of evolutionary and developmental psychology. Theory of mind or so-called Machiavellian intelligence, that is the capacity to infer mental states of other individuals and to manipulate them in order to maximise social success, probably emerged due to the need to cope with an increasingly complex social environment. Studies on social reasoning suggest disturbances of mental state attribution in psychiatric disorders. However, apart from autism spectrum disorders, the systematic evaluation of social cognition is still in its infancy, and the present data are ambiguous due to methodological difficulties. Based on the concept of the modular organisation of the mind, a stepwise investigation of social cognition in psychiatric disorders is proposed, including clinical description and available standardised methods, The specific characteristics of psychiatric disorders in respect of social cognition, therefore, may vary according to the hierarchical organisation of the social module. Systematic studies on social reasoning processes in psychiatric disorders may provide new insights also useful for the development of coping strategies in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Copyright(C)2001S.KargerAG,Basel.
C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-44791 Bochum, Germany.
RP Brune, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Alexandrinenstr 1, D-44791 Bochum, Germany.
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NR 77
TC 29
Z9 30
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0254-4962
J9 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
JI Psychopathology
PD MAR-APR
PY 2001
VL 34
IS 2
BP 85
EP 94
DI 10.1159/000049286
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 410TP
UT WOS:000167455500006
PM 11244380
ER
PT J
AU Drasgow, E
Halle, JW
Phillips, B
AF Drasgow, E
Halle, JW
Phillips, B
TI Effects of different social partners on the discriminated requesting of
a young child with autism and severe language delays
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEVERE DISABILITIES; COMMUNICATION; COVARIATION; BEHAVIOR; SETTINGS
AB We examined the effects of two adult social partners on the requesting repertoire of a young child with autism and severe language delays, We used a multiple-schedule design (Kazdin, 1982) to evaluate the request topography that the participant emitted relative to each social partner's contingent differential reinforcement for specific requesting forms. The contingencies associated with each adult were reversed after the participant reached a preestablished criterion of discriminated responding. The participant learned to request in a discriminated manner in the presence of each social partner. Implications of these results are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Educ Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
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NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 2
BP 125
EP 139
DI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00062-2
PG 15
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 422YV
UT WOS:000168147600003
PM 11325160
ER
PT J
AU Mazza, M
De Risio, A
Surian, L
Roncone, R
Casacchia, M
AF Mazza, M
De Risio, A
Surian, L
Roncone, R
Casacchia, M
TI Selective impairments of theory of mind in people with schizophrenia
SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE theory of mind; attention disturbance; psychomotor poverty
AB "Theory of mind" (ToM) means the ability to represent others' intentions, knowledge and beliefs and interpret them. Children with autism typically fail tasks aimed at assessing their understanding of false beliefs. These features of autism are strikingly similar to some negative features of schizophrenia. Mental abilities were studied in 35 schizophrenics (DSM-IV) and 17 normal controls. Subjects heard four ToM stories and simultaneously were shown cartoons depicting the action occurring in the stories. All stories involved false beliefs or deception. As for the current symptomatology, schizophrenics were divided according to Liddle's three-dimensional model (reality distortion, psychomotor poverty, disorganisation). Our results show significant differences between schizophrenics and normal controls in all ToM stories, with schizophrenic people performing worse than controls. In first-order stories (a false belief about the state of the world) significant differences were found among symptom dimensions, with the psychomotor poverty group performing worse than disorganisation subjects and reality distortion ones. As for second-order stories (a false belief about the belief of another character), the psychomotor poverty group performed worse than the other groups only in one of the four ToM stories. More research in separating ToM deficits from attention disturbances is needed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Aquila, Dept Psychiat, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
Univ Padua, Dept Dev Psychol, Padua, Italy.
RP Mazza, M (reprint author), Via C Colombo 238, I-64020 S Nicolo Tordino, Teramo, Italy.
RI Roncone, Rita/H-3095-2012
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Andreasen NC, 1984, SCALE ASSESSMENT POS
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NR 24
TC 117
Z9 120
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-9964
J9 SCHIZOPHR RES
JI Schizophr. Res.
PD MAR 1
PY 2001
VL 47
IS 2-3
BP 299
EP 308
DI 10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00157-2
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 412CX
UT WOS:000167537400022
PM 11278148
ER
PT J
AU Neysmith-Roy, JM
AF Neysmith-Roy, JM
TI The Tomatis Method with severely autistic boys: Individual case studies
of behavioral changes
SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MATERNAL SPEECH; PERCEPTION; PAIRS
AB Six severely autistic males ranging in age from 4 years to 11 years received the Tomatis Method to assist in alleviating the severity of behaviours contributing to the diagnosis of autism. Ten minute video samples were taken of each boy, under two conditions of play, every time he completed one section of the treatment programme. As measured by the Children's Autism Rating Scale (CARS) all of the boys were severely autistic at the beginning of treatment. Three (50%) of the boys demonstrated positive behavioural changes by the end of the treatment. One boy was no longer considered to be autistic, two boys showed mild symptoms of autism and three boys remained within the severely autistic range. Of particular interest were the changes that occurred in pre-linguistic areas for five of the six boys. These included Adaptation to Change, Listening Response, Non Verbal Communication, Emotional Response and Activity Level. These behaviours are considered prerequisites for successful verbal communication. The children who demonstrated behavioural change were 6 years of age or younger at the beginning of treatment. The author suggests that the Tomatis Method may be helpful in making prelinguistic behaviours manageable and thus help prepare the child to learn basic skills necessary for the development of language and learning.
C1 Univ Regina, Dept Psychol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
RP Neysmith-Roy, JM (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Psychol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
Arnold LE, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P99, DOI 10.1023/A:1005451304303
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NR 27
TC 8
Z9 8
PU UNISA PRESS
PI PRETORIA
PA PO BOX 392, PRETORIA, 0003, SOUTH AFRICA
SN 0081-2463
J9 S AFR J PSYCHOL
JI South Afr. J. Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 19
EP +
PG 8
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 431LB
UT WOS:000168631700005
ER
PT J
AU Hamilton, M
AF Hamilton, M
TI The MMR vaccination and autism: A lay person's contribution
SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ W Indies, Adm Initiat, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
RP Hamilton, M (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Adm Initiat, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
CR AFZAL M, 2000, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V72, P199
Christie CDC, 2000, W INDIAN MED J, V49, P266
Kawashima H, 2000, DIGEST DIS SCI, V45, P723, DOI 10.1023/A:1005443726670
Kissoon N, 2000, W INDIAN MED J, V49, P257
Petrovic M, 2001, BRIT MED J, V322, P82, DOI 10.1136/bmj.322.7278.82
Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI KINGSTON
PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA
SN 0043-3144
J9 W INDIAN MED J
JI West Ind. Med. J.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 50
IS 1
BP 87
EP 88
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 474MY
UT WOS:000171112100025
PM 11398299
ER
PT J
AU Kissoon, N
AF Kissoon, N
TI The MMR vaccination and autism: A lay person's contribution - Comments
SO WEST INDIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ Florida, HSC Jax, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA.
RP Kissoon, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, HSC Jax, 820 Prudential Dr,Suite 203,Howard Bldg, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA.
CR Dales L, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P1183, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.9.1183
Feikin DR, 2000, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V284, P3145, DOI 10.1001/jama.284.24.3145
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Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
PU UNIV WEST INDIES FACULTY MEDICAL SCIENCES
PI KINGSTON
PA MONA CAMPUS, KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA
SN 0043-3144
J9 W INDIAN MED J
JI West Ind. Med. J.
PD MAR
PY 2001
VL 50
IS 1
BP 88
EP 89
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 474MY
UT WOS:000171112100026
ER
PT J
AU Kaye, JA
Melero-Montes, MD
Jick, H
AF Kaye, JA
Melero-Montes, MD
Jick, H
TI Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded
by general practitioners: a time trend analysis
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB Objective To estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
Design Time trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD).
Setting General practices in the United Kingdom.
Subjects Children aged 12 years or younger diagnosed with autism 1988-99, with further analysis of boys aged 2 to 5 years born 1988-93.
Main outcome measures Annual and age specific incidence for first recorded diagnoses of autism (that is, when the diagnosis of autism was first recorded) in the children aged 12 years or younger; annual, birth cohort specific risk of autism diagnosed in the 2 to 5 year old boys; coverage (prevalence) of MMR vaccination in the same birth cohorts.
Results The incidence of newly diagnosed autism increased sevenfold, from 0.3 per 10 000 person years in 1988 to 2.1 per 10 000 person years in 1999, The peak incidence was among 3 and 4 year olds, and 83% (254/305) of cases were boys. In an annual birth cohort analysis of 114 boys born in 1988-93, the risk of autism in 2 to 5 year old boys increased nearly fourfold over time, from 8 (95% confidence interval 4 to 14) per 10 000 for boys born in 1988 to 29 (20 to 43) per 10 000 for boys born in 1993. For the same annual birth cohorts the prevalence of MMR vaccination was over 95%.
Conclusions Because the incidence of autism among 2 to 5 year olds increased markedly among boys born in each year separately from 1988 to 1993 while MMR vaccine coverage was over 95% for successive annual birth cohorts, the data provide evidence that no correlation exists between the prevalence of MMR vaccination and the rapid increase in the risk of autism over time. The explanation for the marked increase in risk of the diagnosis of autism in the past decade remains uncertain.
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
RP Kaye, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Collaborat Drug Surveillance Program, 11 Muzzey St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
RI Research Datalink, Clinical Practice/H-2477-2013
CR Jick H, 1997, LANCET, V350, P1045, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70451-7
JICK H, 1995, BRIT J GEN PRACT, V45, P107
Taylor B, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2026, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01239-8
Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
Wing L, 1997, LANCET, V350, P1761, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09218-0
NR 6
TC 201
Z9 204
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8138
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD FEB 24
PY 2001
VL 322
IS 7284
BP 460
EP 463
DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7284.460
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 406YD
UT WOS:000167243000018
PM 11222420
ER
PT J
AU Skovgaard, AM
Hoffmann, HM
Moszkowicz, M
Bjornholm, KI
AF Skovgaard, AM
Hoffmann, HM
Moszkowicz, M
Bjornholm, KI
TI Child psychiatry in Denmark.
SO UGESKRIFT FOR LAEGER
LA Danish
DT Article
ID INFANCY
AB Introduction: A descriptive epidemiological study of children aged 0-36 months.
Methods: Diagnoses reported from the child psychiatric departments to The National Psychiatric Register were collected from a three-year period 1996, 1997, and 1998. The child psychiatric departments in Denmark filled in a questionnaire concerning referral, assessment, treatment, and consultant/liason functions. All the child psychiatric departments took part: in the study.
Results: 529 children aged 0-3 years were reported to the National Psychiatric Register. In the perioded studied, there was a 30% increase in the number of children reported. Adjustment reactions were the commonest diagnosis in the youngest children, aged 0-12 months. Pervasive develop mental disorders, particularly infantile autism, were commonest used in the age group 2-3 years. Twentyfour per cent of the children reported, especially the youngest children, had, no specific psychiatric diagnosis. The increase in the number of children aged 0-1 year with adjustment reactions and non-specific diagnoses is discussed. Children aged 0-3 years are mainly treated as outpatients or by a consultant/liason child psychiatric service. The children referred to the child psychiatric departments in 1997 varied from fewer than 10 to about 100 children. Infant psychiatric units were established in two places in Denmark, in 1992 and 1997,
Discussion: The increasing number of children aged 0-3 years reported to the National Psychiatric Register in the period 1996-1998 reflects an increase in the children aged 2-3 years diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders, and in the case of the youngest children, aged 0-1 year, a more extensive child psychiatric intervention in relation to populations at risk, such as infants with mentally ill mothers.
C1 Amtssygehuset Glostrup, Bornepsykiatrisk Afdeling, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
HS Bispebjerg Hosp, Bornepsykiatrisk Afdeling, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Roskilde Amtssygehus Fjorden, Bornepsykiatrisk Afdeling, Roskilde, Denmark.
RP Skovgaard, AM (reprint author), Amtssygehuset Glostrup, Bornepsykiatrisk Afdeling, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
CR Dunitz M, 1996, INF MENTAL HLTH J, V17, P12, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0355(199621)17:1<12::AID-IMHJ2>3.0.CO;2-3
EMDE RN, 1993, HDB INFANT MENTAL HL, P225
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JORGENSNE OS, 1999, BORNE UNGDONSPSYKIAT, P251
SKOVGAARD AM, 1988, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V77, P469, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05153.x
SKOVGAARD AM, 1999, BORNE UNGDOMSPSYKIAT, P17
SKUVGAARD AM, PSYKISKE FORSTYRRELS, V1, P59
Zeanah CH, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P81, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01506.x
1996, ARSRAPPORT FRA AFDEL
1998, MALSAETNINGER KVALIT
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
PU LAEGEFORENINGENS FORLAG
PI DK-1263 COPENHAGEN K
PA ESPLANADEN 8A, DK-1263 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK
SN 0041-5782
J9 UGESKRIFT LAEGER
JI Ugeskr. Laeg.
PD FEB 19
PY 2001
VL 163
IS 8
BP 1112
EP 1115
PG 4
GA 403BR
UT WOS:000167023100012
PM 11242673
ER
PT J
AU Le Page, M
AF Le Page, M
TI False alarm - Autism isn't really running riot. It's all in how you
interpret the figures
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC
PI ELMONT
PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD FEB 17
PY 2001
VL 169
IS 2278
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 402MC
UT WOS:000166991000014
ER
PT J
AU Humble, M
Bejerot, S
Bergqvist, PBF
Bengtsson, F
AF Humble, M
Bejerot, S
Bergqvist, PBF
Bengtsson, F
TI Reactivity of serotonin in whole blood: Relationship with drug response
in obsessive-compulsive disorder
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE obsessive-compulsive disorder; serotonin kinetics; serotonin reuptake
inhibitors; autism; prediction of response; randomized controlled trial
ID CLOMIPRAMINE TREATMENT; TRANSPORTER GENE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANXIETY
DISORDERS; SHORT-TERM; PLATELET; EFFICACY; SCALE; METAANALYSIS;
POLYMORPHISM
AB Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder responds almost only to potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors. previous studies have suggested a relation between serotonergic function and clinical outcome in serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment of obsessive - compulsive disorder.
Methods: In a randomized, double-blind trial, comparing clomipramine, paroxetine, and a placebo in obsessive-compulsive disorder, serotonin levels in whole blood (WB-5-HT) were measured at baseline, after 1 week, and after 4 weeks of treatment and related to clinical outcome in 36 patients.
Results: In patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors there was a pronounced decrease of WB-5-HT, variable after 1 week and uniformly maximal after 4 weeks. The decrease of WB-5-HT after 1 week of serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment correlated negatively with clinical outcome after 12 weeks (r = -.61, p = .0006); hence, patients with slower WB-5-HT reactivity eventually responded better to treatment. Baseline WB-5-HT, but not WB-5-Ht reactivity, was related to season. Depression, autistic traits, and previous serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment predicted nonresponse.
Conclusions: A fast decrease of WB-5-HT was associated with poor clinical outcome. This may be related to faster serotonin efflux from platelets, which has previously been linked to autism. Further studies are necessary to identify the underlying mechanism and discern whether serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced WB-5-Ht decrease is clinically useful.
C1 Mora Hosp, S-79285 Mora, Sweden.
Danderyd Hosp, Div Psychiat, Karolinska Inst, Danderyd, Sweden.
Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol, S-22185 Lund, Sweden.
Uppsala Univ, Div Psychiat, Dept Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden.
Linkoping Univ Hosp, Dept Neurosci & Locomot, Div Psychiat, S-58185 Linkoping, Sweden.
RP Humble, M (reprint author), Mora Hosp, S-79285 Mora, Sweden.
RI Humble, Mats/B-3119-2013
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NR 58
TC 12
Z9 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD FEB 15
PY 2001
VL 49
IS 4
BP 360
EP 368
DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00956-2
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 405WG
UT WOS:000167183100007
PM 11239907
ER
PT J
AU Daniels, RJ
Peden, JF
Lloyd, C
Horsley, SW
Clark, K
Tufarelli, C
Kearney, L
Buckle, VJ
Doggett, NA
Flint, J
Higgs, DR
AF Daniels, RJ
Peden, JF
Lloyd, C
Horsley, SW
Clark, K
Tufarelli, C
Kearney, L
Buckle, VJ
Doggett, NA
Flint, J
Higgs, DR
TI Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb
of the short arm of human chromosome 16
SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CONTIGUOUS GENE SYNDROME; PROTEIN-CODING
REGIONS; HUMAN TELOMERIC REGION; MAST-CELL TRYPTASE; OPTIC LOBES GENE;
MENTAL-RETARDATION; HUMAN GENOME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; MOUSE HOMOLOG
AB We have sequenced 1949 kb from the terminal Giemsa light band of human chromosome 16p, enabling us to fully annotate the region extending from the telomeric repeats to the previously published tuberous sclerosis disease 2 (TSC2) and polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) genes, This region can be subdivided into two GC-rich, Alu-rich domains and one CC-rich, Alu-poor domain, The entire region is extremely gene rich, containing 100 confirmed genes and 20 predicted genes. Many of the genes encode widely expressed proteins orchestrating basic cellular processes (e.g. DNA recombination, repair, transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction, intracellular signalling and mRNA translation). Others, such as the alpha globin genes (HBA1 and HBA2), PDIP and BAIAP3, are specialized tissue-restricted genes. Some of the genes have been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of important human genetic diseases (e.g. asthma, cataracts and the ATR-16 syndrome). Others are known disease genes for alpha thalassaemia, adult polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis, There is also linkage evidence for bipolar affective disorder, epilepsy and autism in this region. Sixty-three chromosomal deletions reported here and elsewhere allow us to interpret the results of removing progressively larger numbers of genes from this well defined human telomeric region.
C1 John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC, Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England.
Sanger Ctr, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England.
Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Higgs, DR (reprint author), John Radcliffe Hosp, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC, Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England.
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NR 81
TC 70
Z9 139
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0964-6906
J9 HUM MOL GENET
JI Hum. Mol. Genet.
PD FEB 15
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 4
BP 339
EP 352
DI 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 404FY
UT WOS:000167087800004
PM 11157797
ER
PT J
AU Cowan, WM
Kandel, ER
AF Cowan, WM
Kandel, ER
TI Prospects for neurology and psychiatry
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LA English
DT Article
ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; PARKINSONS-DISEASE;
PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEURONS; DENSITY; MRI
AB Neurological and psychiatric illnesses are among the most common and most serious health problems in developed societies. The most promising advances in neurological and psychiatric diseases will require advances in neuroscience for their elucidation, prevention, and treatment. Technical advances have improved methods for identifying brain regions involved during various types of cognitive activity, for tracing connections between parts of the brain, for visualizing individual neurons in living brain preparations, for recording the activities of neurons, and for studying the activity of single-ion channels and the receptors for various neurotransmitters, The most significant advances in the past 20 years have come from the application to the nervous system of molecular genetics and molecular cell biology, Discovery of the monogenic disorder responsible for Huntington disease and understanding its pathogenesis can serve as a paradigm for unraveling the much more complex, polygenic disorders responsible for such psychiatric diseases as schizophrenia, manic depressive illness, and borderline personality disorder. Thus, a new degree of cooperation between neurology and psychiatry is likely to result, especially for the treatment of patients with illnesses such as autism, mental retardation, cognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease that overlap between the 2 disciplines.
C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, New York, NY 10032 USA.
Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA.
Columbia Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA.
RP Kandel, ER (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032 USA.
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NR 39
TC 45
Z9 46
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 7
PY 2001
VL 285
IS 5
BP 594
EP 600
DI 10.1001/jama.285.5.594
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 397TV
UT WOS:000166714200018
PM 11176865
ER
PT J
AU Fine, C
Lumsden, J
Blair, RJR
AF Fine, C
Lumsden, J
Blair, RJR
TI Dissociation between 'theory of mind' and executive functions in a
patient with early left amygdala damage
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE amygdala; theory of mind; executive functions
ID FRONTAL-LOBE LESIONS; AUTISM; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR;
COMPREHENSION; INTELLIGENCE; PRESCHOOLERS; RECOGNITION
AB There have been recent suggestions that the amygdala may be involved in the development or mediation of 'theory of mind'. We report a patient, B,M,, with early or congenital left amygdala damage who, by adulthood, had received the psychiatric diagnoses of schizophrenia and Asperger's syndrome. We conducted a series of experimental investigations to determine B,M,'s cognitive functioning, In line with his diagnoses, B,M, was found to be severely impaired in his ability to represent mental states. Following this, we conducted a second series of studies to determine B,M,'s executive functioning. In the literature, there have been frequent claims that theory of mind is mediated by general executive functioning. B,M, showed no indication of executive function impairment, passing 16 tests assessing his ability to inhibit dominant responses, create and maintain goal-related behaviours, and temporally sequence behaviour. The findings are discussed with reference to models regarding the role of the amygdala in the development of theory of mind and the degree of dissociation between theory of mind and executive functioning. We conclude that theory of mind is not simply a function of more general executive functions, and that executive functions can develop and function on-line, independently of theory of mind. Moreover, we conclude that the amygdala may play some role in the development of the circuitry mediating theory of mind.
C1 UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England.
UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1N 3AR, England.
Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London, England.
Broadmoor Hosp, Dept Neurophysiol, Crowthorne, Berks, England.
RP Blair, RJR (reprint author), UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, Alexandra House,17 Queen Sq, London WC1N 3AR, England.
EM j.blair@ucl.ac.uk
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NR 75
TC 148
Z9 156
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 124
BP 287
EP 298
DI 10.1093/brain/124.2.287
PN 2
PG 12
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 403TZ
UT WOS:000167059700004
PM 11157556
ER
PT J
AU Dunn, ME
Burbine, T
Bowers, CA
Tantleff-Dunn, S
AF Dunn, ME
Burbine, T
Bowers, CA
Tantleff-Dunn, S
TI Moderators of stress in parents of children with autism
SO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; parents; stress
ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FAMILY STRESS; MOTHERS;
PREDICTORS; RESOURCES; IMPACT
AB Parents of children with autism experience more stress and are more susceptible to negative outcomes than parents of children with other disabilities. The present work examines the relationship between stressors, social support, locus of control, coping styles, and negative outcomes (depression, social isolation, and spousal relationship problems) among parents of children with autism. Fifty-eight parents completed surveys, Results indicated that several coping styles corresponded to negative outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship between stressors and negative outcomes was moderated by social support and coping style. Results are discussed in relation to applications for clinical practice.
C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
RP Dunn, ME (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
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NR 37
TC 148
Z9 156
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0010-3853
J9 COMMUNITY MENT HLT J
JI Community Ment. Health J.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 37
IS 1
BP 39
EP 52
DI 10.1023/A:1026592305436
PG 14
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Psychiatry
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Psychiatry
GA 414EF
UT WOS:000167652400004
PM 11300666
ER
PT J
AU Ellaway, C
Christodoulou, J
AF Ellaway, C
Christodoulou, J
TI Rett syndrome: clinical characteristics and recent genetic advances
SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
LA English
DT Article
ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL
ABNORMALITIES; OXIDATIVE-METABOLISM; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; GIRLS;
INHERITANCE; DYSFUNCTION; AUTISM; MALES
AB Purpose : Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs almost exclusively in females. In recent years there has been increased knowledge concerning the multidisciplinary management of individuals with Rett syndrome. The aim of this paper is to provide an update of the clinical phenotype, natural history and current genetic understanding of the disorder.
Results/Conclusion : Rett syndrome is thought to be the second most common cause of severe mental retardation in females after Down syndrome, it now appears that females with RS present with a much broader phenotype than originally described. Recently. mutations in the MECP2 gene encoding X-linked methyl-CpG-binding-protein 2 have been identified in some females with Rett syndrome.
C1 Royal Alexandra Hosp Children, Western Sydney Genet Program, Parramatta, NSW 2124, Australia.
Univ Sydney, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Christodoulou, J (reprint author), Royal Alexandra Hosp Children, Western Sydney Genet Program, POB 3515, Parramatta, NSW 2124, Australia.
RI Christodoulou, John/E-5866-2015
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NR 95
TC 38
Z9 38
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 0963-8288
J9 DISABIL REHABIL
JI Disabil. Rehabil.
PD FEB-MAR
PY 2001
VL 23
IS 3-4
BP 98
EP 106
PG 9
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 414WC
UT WOS:000167688300002
PM 11247014
ER
PT J
AU Mount, RH
Hastings, RP
Reilly, S
Cass, H
Charman, T
AF Mount, RH
Hastings, RP
Reilly, S
Cass, H
Charman, T
TI Behavioural and emotional features in Rett syndrome
SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; AUTISM; PHENOTYPES; CHILDREN; SLEEP; DISABILITY;
PATTERNS; SKILLS; GIRLS; BRAIN
AB Purpose/Method: There is increasing agreement that many genetic disorders have characteristic behavioural phenotypes; that is genetic anomalies have specific effects on behaviour. In this paper the existing literature is reviewed with an aim to identify behavioural and emotional features that are candidates for Rett syndrome (RS) specific behaviours.
Results/Conclusion: A number of behavioural and emotional features have been reported to be common in individuals with RS. These behaviours may constitute an RS-specific profile of behaviour or behavioural phenotype. Alternatively, these behaviours may simply reflect the multiple disabilities found in individuals with severe or profound cognitive impairment. The diagnostic criteria for Rett syndrome include a number of the behavioural features, such as hand stereotypies and breathing difficulties, although other behavioural features are not included.
C1 Inst Child Hlth, London, England.
Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Ctr Res Psychol Dev, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
La Trobe Univ, Sch Human Commun Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Mount, RH (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, 30 Guilford St, London, England.
RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013; Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270; Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
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NR 70
TC 35
Z9 35
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND
SN 0963-8288
J9 DISABIL REHABIL
JI Disabil. Rehabil.
PD FEB-MAR
PY 2001
VL 23
IS 3-4
BP 129
EP 138
PG 10
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 414WC
UT WOS:000167688300005
PM 11247008
ER
PT J
AU Khalfa, S
Bruneau, N
Roge, B
Georgieff, N
Veuillet, E
Adrien, JL
Barthelemy, C
Collet, L
AF Khalfa, S
Bruneau, N
Roge, B
Georgieff, N
Veuillet, E
Adrien, JL
Barthelemy, C
Collet, L
TI Peripheral auditory asymmetry in infantile autism
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE lateralization; medial olivocochlear system; neurodevelopmental
disorders; otoacoustic emission
ID EVOKED OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; HEARING-LOSS; LATERALIZATION; CHILDREN;
NOISE; DYSFUNCTION; HANDEDNESS; COMPLEX; SYSTEM; HUMANS
AB Difficulty in filtering relevant auditory information in background noise is one of the features of autism. Auditory filtering processes can be investigated at the peripheral level as they are hypothesized to involve active cochlear mechanisms which are regulated by the efferent activity of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. The aim of the present work was therefore to assess these peripheral auditory processes in 22 children and adolescents with autism compared with age- and gender-matched normal controls. Active cochlear mechanisms were evaluated with transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and MOC system efficiency was assessed via TEOAEs which are decreased when stimulating the contralateral ear with noise. The MOC system evaluation was performed on 18 of the 22 children. In both studies, results were analysed according to age (from 4 to 10 years and from 11 to 20 years). The main result concerns the asymmetry of the efferent system which differs in individuals with autism. Several neural processes might be hypothesized as involved in the results obtained as the MOC system which originates in the brainstem received regulating controls from upper brain structures including auditory cortex. Lateralization abnormalities at the auditory periphery may reflect indirectly a problem at a higher level of auditory processing. A second important result shows a decrease in TEOAE amplitude with age, in patients, that may correspond to a decrease in hearing sensitivity.
C1 Hop Edouard Herriot, CNRS, UPRESA 5020, F-69003 Lyon, France.
CHU Bretonneau, INSERM, U316, Child Psychiat Unit, F-37044 Tours, France.
Hop lagrave, Serv Psychiat & Psychol Med, F-31051 Toulouse, France.
Hop Specialise Vinatier, F-69677 Bron, France.
RP Khalfa, S (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, CP 6128 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
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NR 46
TC 35
Z9 35
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0953-816X
J9 EUR J NEUROSCI
JI Eur. J. Neurosci.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 3
BP 628
EP 632
DI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2001.01423.x
PG 5
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 403PN
UT WOS:000167051800023
PM 11168571
ER
PT J
AU Wolterink, G
Daenen, LEWPM
Dubbeldam, S
Gerrits, MAFM
van Rijn, R
Kruse, CG
Van Der Heijden, JAM
Van Ree, JM
AF Wolterink, G
Daenen, LEWPM
Dubbeldam, S
Gerrits, MAFM
van Rijn, R
Kruse, CG
Van Der Heijden, JAM
Van Ree, JM
TI Early amygdala damage in the rat as a model for neurodevelopmental
psychopathological disorders
SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE neonatal lesions; amygdala; hippocampus; schizophrenia; autism;
neurodevelopment
ID PUTATIVE ANIMAL-MODEL; BRAIN ABNORMALITIES; HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE;
SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; DYSFUNCTION; LESIONS; STRESS; CORTEX; LOBE
AB Neurodevelopmental disorders in medial temporal lobe structures may underlie psychopathological diseases such as schizophrenia and autism. To construct an animal model for these developmental disorders, social and non-social behavioural responses were assessed in rats with ibotenic acid lesions of the (baso-)lateral and central amygdala or ventral hippocampus, induced early in life. Lesioning the amygdala on day 7 after birth resulted in a variety of behavioural disturbances later in life, whereas after similar lesions on day 21 after birth no disturbances developed, except for deficits in social behaviours. Lesioning the hippocampus led to much less disturbances. The results show that amygdala and hippocampus damage at a specific point early in life results in enduring behavioural disturbances that become more manifest after puberty. In particular, lesions of the amygdala on day 7 of life may serve as a rat model with face and construct validity for neurodevelopmental disorders in studying psychopathology. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Med Pharmacol, NL-3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands.
Solvay Pharmaceut, NL-1381 CP Weesp, Netherlands.
RP Van Ree, JM (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Med Pharmacol, Univ Weg 100, NL-3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands.
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NR 34
TC 51
Z9 53
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-977X
J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM
JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 11
IS 1
BP 51
EP 59
DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(00)00138-3
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 413KU
UT WOS:000167612000007
PM 11226812
ER
PT J
AU Taieb, O
Baleyte, JM
Mazet, P
Fillet, AM
AF Taieb, O
Baleyte, JM
Mazet, P
Fillet, AM
TI Borna disease virus and psychiatry
SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; bipolar disorder; borna disease virus; neurodevelopmental
hypothesis; schizophrenia
ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS;
CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MOOD DISORDERS; BDV INFECTION; NUCLEIC-ACID;
SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; SEQUENCE; RNA
AB Borna disease virus (BDV), a noncytolytic neurotropic nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA virus with a wide geographic distribution, infects several vertebrate animal species and causes an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disease with various manifestations, depending on both host and viral factors. In animal infections, BDV can persist in the CNS and induce alterations in brain cell functions, neurodevelopmental abnormalities and behavioral disturbances. An association between BDV and psychiatric disorders (essentially schizophrenia and affective disorders) has been suggested by some serologic and molecular studies but further investigations are required to substantiate the possible contribution of this virus to the pathogenesis of these disorders. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
C1 CERVI, Dept Virol, F-75013 Paris, France.
Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75013 Paris, France.
RP Fillet, AM (reprint author), CERVI, Dept Virol, 47-83 Blvd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France.
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NR 59
TC 18
Z9 19
PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS CEDEX 15
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE
SN 0924-9338
J9 EUR PSYCHIAT
JI Eur. Psychiat.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 1
BP 3
EP 10
DI 10.1016/S0924-9338(00)00529-0
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 408HN
UT WOS:000167320900001
PM 11246286
ER
PT J
AU Allen, G
Courchesne, E
AF Allen, G
Courchesne, E
TI Attention function and dysfunction in autism
SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; selective attention; sustained attention; spatial attention;
shifting attention; parietal lobe; cerebellum; review
ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; VISUAL-SPATIAL ATTENTION; CEREBRAL
GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE-TEST; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
SUSTAINED ATTENTION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; HUMAN BRAIN;
CEREBELLAR
AB Impairments of attention are among the most consistently reported cognitive deficits in autism, and they continue to be a key focus of research. This is in no doubt due to the importance of normal attention function to the development of many so-called "higher level" cognitive operations, and to the likely involvement of attention dysfunction in certain clinical features of autism. Autistic individuals display a wide range of attentional abilities and deficits across the many domains of attention function, including selective, sustained, spatial, and shifting attention operations. This unique pattern of attention function and dysfunction has profound implications for the development and treatment of autistic children. The present review will explore this pattern of attentional strengths and weaknesses and the neural defects that underlie them.
C1 Childrens Hosp Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Courchesne, E (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Res Ctr, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr,Rm 200, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM ecourchesne@ucsd.edu
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NR 76
TC 64
Z9 65
PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
PI MANHASSET
PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY
DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA
SN 1093-9946
J9 FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK
JI Front. Biosci.
PD FEB 1
PY 2001
VL 6
BP D105
EP D119
DI 10.2741/allen
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 397RU
UT WOS:000166710000002
PM 11171544
ER
PT J
AU Jyonouchi, H
Sun, SI
Le, H
AF Jyonouchi, H
Sun, SI
Le, H
TI Innate and adaptive immune responses in children with regression autism:
Evaluation of the effects of environmental factors including vaccination
SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0091-6749
J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN
JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 2
SU S
MA 897
BP S274
EP S274
PG 1
WC Allergy; Immunology
SC Allergy; Immunology
GA 405RE
UT WOS:000167172300893
ER
PT J
AU Minshew, NJ
AF Minshew, NJ
TI Editorial preface
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISM
CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
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NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1023/A:1005642627400
PG 3
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700001
PM 11439747
ER
PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Skinner, R
Martin, J
Clubley, E
AF Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Skinner, R
Martin, J
Clubley, E
TI The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger
syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and
mathematicians
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism-Spectrum Quotient; Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism;
normal intelligence
ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; TWIN
AB Currently there are no brief, self-administered instruments for measuring the degree to which an adult with normal intelligence has the traits associated with the autistic spectrum. In this paper, we report on a new instrument to assess this: the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Individuals score in the range 0-50. Four groups of subjects were assessed: Group 1: 58 adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA); Group 2: 174 randomly selected controls. Group 3: 840 students in Cambridge University; and Group 4: 16 winners of the UK Mathematics Olympiad. The adults with AS/HFA had a mean AQ score of 35.8 (SD = 6.5), significantly higher than Group 2 controls (M = 16.4, SD = 6.3). 80% of the adults with AS/HFA scored 32+, versus 2% of controls. Among the controls, men scored slightly but significantly higher than women. No women scored extremely highly (AQ score 34+) whereas 4% of men did so. Twice as many men (40%) as women (21%) scored at intermediate levels (AQ score 20+). Among the AS/HFA group, male and female scores did not differ significantly. The students in Cambridge University did not differ from the randomly selected control group, but scientists (including mathematicians) scored significantly higher than both humanities and social sciences students, confirming an earlier study that autistic conditions are associated with scientific skills. Within the sciences, mathematicians scored highest. This was replicated in Group 4, the Mathematics Olympiad winners scoring significantly higher than the male Cambridge humanities students. 6% of the student sample scored 32+ on the AQ. On interview, 11 out of 11 of these met three or more DSM-IV criteria for AS/HFA, and all were studying sciences/mathematics, and 7 of the 11 met threshold on these criteria. Test-retest and interrater reliability of the AQ was good. The AQ is thus a valuable instrument for rapidly quantifying where any given individual is situated on the continuum from autism to normality. Its potential for screening for autism spectrum conditions in adults of normal intelligence remains to be fully explored.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
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NR 24
TC 1054
Z9 1060
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 5
EP 17
DI 10.1023/A:1005653411471
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700002
PM 11439754
ER
PT J
AU Konstantareas, MM
Hewitt, T
AF Konstantareas, MM
Hewitt, T
TI Autistic disorder and schizophrenia: Diagnostic overlaps
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorder; schizophrenia;
comorbidity
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA;
ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PSYCHOSES
AB Data on 14 males with autism and 14 with schizophrenia were collected to examine symptom overlap. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), the schedule for positive symptoms (SAPS) and the schedule for negative symptoms (SANS) of schizophrenia, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the DSM-III-R were administered. On the SCID, none of the men with paranoid schizophrenia met criteria for autism while 7 of those with autism met criteria for schizophrenia, disorganized type, showing negative symptoms. In addition, 5 showed positive symptoms on the SAPS and 6 negative symptoms on the SANS. As the difference in measured nonverbal intelligence was not significant, the effects could not be attributed to it. Although the findings continue to support the differentiation of autism and schizophrenia, they are also consistent with a comorbidity of the two disorders, mainly in those diagnosed with autism.
C1 Univ Guelph, Coll Social & Appl Human Sci, Dept Psychol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Clarke Inst Psychiat, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
Surrey Pl Ctr, Toronto, ON M5S 2C2, Canada.
RP Konstantareas, MM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Coll Social & Appl Human Sci, Dept Psychol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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NR 40
TC 76
Z9 76
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 19
EP 28
DI 10.1023/A:1005605528309
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700003
PM 11439750
ER
PT J
AU Kleinman, J
Marciano, PL
Ault, RL
AF Kleinman, J
Marciano, PL
Ault, RL
TI Advanced theory of mind in high-functioning adults with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; theory of mind; adults
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDS APPRAISAL;
VERBAL-ABILITY; EMOTION; INDIVIDUALS; SPEECH; EXPRESSIONS; KNOWLEDGE;
LANGUAGE
AB Twenty-four high-functioning adults with autism (16 men) who passed a first-order theory-of-mind task and 24 nonautistic adults (10 men) attributed mental states to recordings of various verbal intonations and to photos of people's eyes to assess advanced theory of mind. Participants with autism performed significantly worse than nonautistic participants on both tasks. Thus, the previously described inattention to others' eyes exhibited by adults with autism is not solely responsible for their inability to attribute mental states from eyes, as they also did not correctly attribute mental states from voices. These findings support the view that a core deficit for people with autism lies in their theory of mind, that is, their inability to attribute mental states to others.
C1 Davidson Coll, Dept Psychol, Davidson, NC 28036 USA.
RP Ault, RL (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Psychol, POB 1719, Davidson, NC 28036 USA.
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NR 37
TC 57
Z9 62
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 29
EP 36
DI 10.1023/A:1005657512379
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700004
PM 11439751
ER
PT J
AU Gepner, B
Deruelle, C
Grynfeltt, S
AF Gepner, B
Deruelle, C
Grynfeltt, S
TI Motion and emotion: A novel approach to the study of face processing by
young autistic children
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; motion perception; facial expression processing; reeducation
ID STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; INTERMODAL PERCEPTION; RECOGNITION;
EXPRESSIONS; MECHANISMS; APPRAISAL; IDENTITY
AB The specificity of facial processing impairment in autistic children, particularly in the domain of emotion, is still debated. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of motion on facial expression recognition in young autistic children. Thirteen autistic children (M age: 69.38 months) were matched for gender and developmental level with a control group of 13 normal children (M age: 40.53 months). They were compared on their ability to match videotaped ((Still,ll "dynamic," and "strobe" emotional and nonemotional facial expressions with photographs. Results indicate that children with autism do not perform significantly worse than their controls in any of our experimental conditions. Compared to previous studies showing lower performance in autistic than in control children when presented with static faces, our data suggest that slow dynamic presentations facilitate facial expression recognition by autistic children. This result could be of interest to parents and specialists involved in education and reeducation of these children.
C1 Montperrin Hosp, Child Psychiat Dept, Aix En Provence, France.
CNRS, Ctr Res Cognit Neurosci, Marseille, France.
CH Valvert, Adult Psychiat Dept, Marseille, France.
RP Gepner, B (reprint author), AFRTDET-137,Rue J Mermoz, F-13008 Marseille, France.
EM Gepner@club-internet.fr
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World Health Organisation, 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R
NR 47
TC 80
Z9 80
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 37
EP 45
DI 10.1023/A:1005609629218
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700005
PM 11439752
ER
PT J
AU Dennis, M
Lazenby, AL
Lockyer, L
AF Dennis, M
Lazenby, AL
Lockyer, L
TI Inferential language in high-function children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; high-function children; inferential language
ID NORMALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; STATE VERB KNOW; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TEXT
COMPREHENSION; ADULTS; MIND; RECOGNITION; PRESUPPOSITIONS; ACQUISITION;
INDIVIDUALS
AB Despite average verbal intelligence, high-function children with autism have social comprehension deficits that are expressed by how they use and understand language. In this paper, we explored the general hypothesis that high-function children with autism make some, but not all, of the pragmatic inferences necessary for successful communication, even when they have the ability to perform noninferential language tasks. We contrasted the ability of 8 high-function children with autism teach with Verbal IQ > 70) and typically developing children to use and understand: pragmatic inferences about given or presupposed knowledge in mental state words; pragmatic inferences about new or implied knowledge in mental state words; bridging inferences essential for coherence; elaborative inferences involved in enriching a communication by means of figurative language; and the intentional inferences involved in speech acts. High-function children with autism could define words and identify multiple meanings for ambiguous words. In understanding words for mental states, they made inferences from mental state verbs to given or presupposed knowledge. However, they failed to infer what mental state verbs implied in context; to make inferences about social scripts; to understand metaphor; and to produce speech acts, all of which are inferences that are the basis of successful social communication because they elaborate meaning or convey intentions.
C1 Hosp Sick Children, Dept Psychol Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Dept Surg, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Dennis, M (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Dept Psychol Res, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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NR 62
TC 81
Z9 82
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 47
EP 54
DI 10.1023/A:1005661613288
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700006
PM 11439753
ER
PT J
AU Teunisse, JP
Cools, AR
van Spaendonck, KPM
Aerts, FHTM
Berger, HJC
AF Teunisse, JP
Cools, AR
van Spaendonck, KPM
Aerts, FHTM
Berger, HJC
TI Cognitive styles in high-functioning adolescents with autistic disorder
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; central coherence; cognitive shifting; social functioning
ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CENTRAL COHERENCE;
VERBAL-ABILITY; CHILDREN; MIND; PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION;
DYSFUNCTION
AB This study addressed the operationalization, the identification, and the prevalence of weak central coherence and poor cognitive shifting in 35 high-functioning adolescents with autism. Central coherence and cognitive shifting were represented by two factors in a factor analysis, each reflecting a constituent aspect of the domain in question. With regard to central coherence, these aspects were the ability of piecemeal processing and the ability to process meaning. The aspects related to cognitive shifting concerned internally and externally controlled shifting. Weak central coherence and poor cognitive shifting did not appear to be related to measures of symptom severity, social understanding, and social competence. Both these cognitive styles did not appear to be universal to autism. In our sample, weak central coherence and poor cognitive shifting were found to be significantly more common than in normative control subjects.
C1 Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Berger, HJC (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen Hosp, Dept Psychol Med, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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NR 60
TC 30
Z9 31
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 55
EP 66
DI 10.1023/A:1005613730126
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700007
PM 11439755
ER
PT J
AU Williams, E
Reddy, V
Costall, A
AF Williams, E
Reddy, V
Costall, A
TI Taking a closer look at functional play in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; functional play
ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; SYMBOLIC PLAY; PRETEND PLAY; JOINT
ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION; DEFICITS; EXPERIENCE; IMITATION
AB Research evidence indicates that children with autism may experience problems with functional play, in addition to their well-documented deficits in symbolic play. However, as a result of the tendency of previous studies to group all functional play into a single category, the precise nature and extent of this deficit remains unclear. The present study undertook a more refined analysis of such play, subtyping the functional acts into various categories, in terms of the developmental progression suggested by research with typical infants. The functional play of children with autism was compared to that of developmentally matched children with Down syndrome and typical infants. Although there were no group differences in overall measures of the proportion of total play time spent in functional play and in the number of functional acts performed, a closer analysis of the composition of this play did reveal striking, qualitative differences. The functional play of the autism group was less elaborated, less varied, and less integrated than that of the controls. The implications of these findings are explored in relation to current theoretical models of autism and in relation to the role of other people in mediating the appropriate use of objects.
C1 Univ Portsmouth, Dept Psychol, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hants, England.
RP Williams, E (reprint author), King Alfreds Coll, Dept Psychol, Sparkford Rd, Winchester SO22 4NR, Hants, England.
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NR 55
TC 46
Z9 47
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 67
EP 77
DI 10.1023/A:1005665714197
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700008
PM 11439756
ER
PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
AF Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
TI Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder: A
serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger disorder; autism; movement execution; movement preparation
ID HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN;
CLUMSINESS; ADULTS; IMPAIRMENT; ATTENTION; MIND
AB Autism and Asperger disorder have long been associated with movement abnormalities, although the neurobehavioural details of these abnormalities remain poorly defined. Clumsiness has traditionally been associated with Asperger disorder but not autism, although this is controversial. Others have suggested that both groups demonstrate a similar global motor delay. In this study we aimed to determine whether movement preparation or movement execution was atypical in these disorders and to describe any differences between autism and Asperger disorder. A simple motor reprogramming task was employed. The results indicated that individuals with autism and Asperger disorder have atypical movement preparation with an intact ability to execute movement. An atypical deficit in motor preparation was found in Asperger disorder, whereas movement preparation was characterized by a "lack of anticipation" in autism. The differences in movement preparation profiles in these disorders were suggested to reflect differential involvement of the fronto-striatal region, in particular the supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate.
C1 Monash Univ, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
Monash Univ, Monash Med Ctr, Ctr Dev Psychiat, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
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NR 43
TC 109
Z9 112
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 79
EP 88
DI 10.1023/A:1005617831035
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700009
PM 11439757
ER
PT J
AU Starr, E
Berument, SK
Pickles, A
Tomlins, M
Bailey, A
Papanikolaou, K
Rutter, M
AF Starr, E
Berument, SK
Pickles, A
Tomlins, M
Bailey, A
Papanikolaou, K
Rutter, M
TI A family genetic study of autism associated with profound mental
retardation
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; mental retardation; genetics
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; COGNITIVE DISABILITIES; RELATIVES;
CHILDREN; PHENOTYPE; HISTORY; TWINS
AB We sought to determine if the family loading for either the broader autism phenotype or for cognitive impairment differed according to whether or not autism was accompanied by severe mental retardation. The sample comprised 47 probands with autism meeting ICD-IO criteria, as assessed by the Autism Diagnostic Interview and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Family history interview and findings were compared with those for the higher IQ autism and Down syndrome samples in the Bolton et al. (1994) study. The familial loading for autism and for the broader phenotype was closely comparable to that in the study of higher IQ autism, and different from that for Down syndrome. The family loading for scholastic achievement difficulties was slightly, but significantly, higher when autism was accompanied by severe retardation.
C1 Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child Psychiat Unit, London, England.
RP Starr, E (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Fac Educ, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013; Bailey,
Anthony/J-2860-2014
OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X
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NR 32
TC 24
Z9 24
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 89
EP 96
DI 10.1023/A:1005669915105
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700010
PM 11439758
ER
PT J
AU Beversdorf, DQ
Anderson, JM
Manning, SE
Anderson, SL
Nordgren, RE
Felopulos, GJ
Bauman, ML
AF Beversdorf, DQ
Anderson, JM
Manning, SE
Anderson, SL
Nordgren, RE
Felopulos, GJ
Bauman, ML
TI Brief report: Macrographia in high-functioning adults with autism
spectrum disorder
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger syndrome; motor control; handwriting
ID ASPERGER SYNDROME; MICROGRAPHIA; INFARCTION; DISEASE
AB The initial description of Asperger syndrome commented on the poor handwriting and motor coordination difficulties of individuals with this condition. Early descriptions of autism do not remark upon such difficulties. Recent evidence, however, suggests that individuals with both conditions have a similar motor control impairment. Handwriting has not been formally assessed in this context. Our study compared handwriting size between individuals with autism spectrum disorder and age- and IQ-matched control subjects. Macrographia was observed among subjects with autism spectrum disorder which remained statistically significant when covaried with educational level. This finding may correlate with the anatomical abnormalities present in the cerebellum of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, NMR Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
RP Beversdorf, DQ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, 1654 Upham Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
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NR 26
TC 19
Z9 20
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 97
EP 101
DI 10.1023/A:1005622031943
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700011
PM 11439759
ER
PT J
AU Williams, PG
Allard, A
Sears, L
Dalrymple, N
Bloom, AS
AF Williams, PG
Allard, A
Sears, L
Dalrymple, N
Bloom, AS
TI Brief report: Case reports on naltrexone use in children with autism:
Controlled observations regarding benefits and practical issues of
medication management
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-BLIND; SYMPTOMS
C1 Univ Louisville, Kosair Pediat Ctr 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA.
RP Williams, PG (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Kosair Pediat Ctr 100, 571 S Floyd St,Ped-CEC, Louisville, KY 40202 USA.
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NR 22
TC 10
Z9 10
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 103
EP 108
DI 10.1023/A:1005674016014
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 445WC
UT WOS:000169480700012
PM 11439748
ER
PT J
AU Roeyers, H
Buysse, A
Ponnet, K
Pichal, B
AF Roeyers, H
Buysse, A
Ponnet, K
Pichal, B
TI Advancing advanced mind-reading tests: Empathic accuracy in adults with
a pervasive developmental disorder
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; social cognition; empathic accuracy
ID NATURALISTIC SOCIAL COGNITION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS;
ASPERGER-SYNDROME; STORY CHARACTERS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; SEX
AB Research using advanced but static mind-reading tests with high-functioning adults with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) provided evidence for subtle social cognitive deficits. Tn the present study, adults with PDD were unimpaired on such tasks, relative to individually matched normal controls. Significant differences between the two groups were, however, found on a more naturalistic empathic accuracy task developed for this study. Participants viewed two videotaped interactions that both depicted a male and female stranger having an initial conversation and were asked to infer the unexpressed thoughts and feelings of the four targets. Subjects with PDD performed significantly worse on the second video. These findings suggest that the mind-reading deficit of a subgroup of able adults with PDD may only be apparent when a sufficiently complex naturalistic assessment method is being used.
C1 Univ Ghent, Dept Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
RP Roeyers, H (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Psychol, H Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM Herbert.Roeyers@rug.ac.be
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American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 38
TC 58
Z9 58
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 2
BP 271
EP 278
DI 10.1111/1469-7610.00718
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428KP
UT WOS:000168461100012
PM 11280423
ER
PT J
AU Gilchrist, A
Green, J
Cox, A
Burton, D
Rutter, M
Le Couteur, A
AF Gilchrist, A
Green, J
Cox, A
Burton, D
Rutter, M
Le Couteur, A
TI Development and current functioning in adolescents with Asperger
syndrome: A comparative study
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescence; development; Asperger syndrome; autism
ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CONDUCT DISORDER; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS;
CHILDREN; MIND; SPECTRUM; BEHAVIOR; HISTORY
AB Adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS: without delay in speech development, diagnosed according to ICD-10 clinical criteria) were compared with a group with high-functioning autism (HFA: all with delayed speech development), and a group with conduct disorder (CD). Family and genetic studies suggest that Asperger syndrome and autism form part of the same spectrum, whereas the social impairments in conduct disorder are assumed to have different origins. The aims were to explore the relationships between early speech development and other aspects of functioning in autistic disorders, and to compare autistic and nonautistic social impairments. Early and current behaviour and IQ profiles were investigated.
The CD group were clearly different from both the AS and HFA groups. The AS group tended to have less severe early behavioural abnormalities than the HFA group, and were unlikely to have speech abnormalities, but other communicative, social, and restricted/stereotyped behavioural difficulties were largely of a similar pattern to the abnormalities in the HFA group. Eighty per cent of the AS group met criteria for autism on the diagnostic algorithm associated with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. By adolescence, the AS group were reported to be as abnormal as the HFA group but in structured 1:1 interaction their conversation was better. IQ profile in the AS group showed relative strength on verbal measures, unlike the WFA group, but relatively good performance on the Block Design subtest of the WLSC/WAIS was a feature of both the AS and HFA groups. The results indicate closely similar behavioural manifestations may arise by adolescence despite differences in speech development. Follow-up studies and further family investigations will be required to clarify the origins of these and other patterns of autistic development.
C1 Royal Cornhill Hosp, Young Peoples Dept, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH, Scotland.
Munro Ctr, London, England.
Inst Psychiat, London, England.
Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Manchester, Lancs, England.
Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth Serv, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.
Fleming Nuffield Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP Gilchrist, A (reprint author), Royal Cornhill Hosp, Young Peoples Dept, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH, Scotland.
RI Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013
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NR 38
TC 112
Z9 114
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 2
BP 227
EP 240
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006631
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428KP
UT WOS:000168461100008
PM 11280419
ER
PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Hill, J
Raste, Y
Plumb, I
AF Baron-Cohen, S
Wheelwright, S
Hill, J
Raste, Y
Plumb, I
TI The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test revised version: A study with
normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning
autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE theory of mind; Asperger's Disorder; autistic disorder; social cognition
ID PERCEPTION
AB In 1997 in this Journal we published the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test, as a measure of adult "mentalising''. Whilst that test succeeded in discriminating a group of adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) from controls, it suffered from several psychometric problems. In this paper these limitations are rectified by revising the test. The Revised Eyes Test was administered to a group of adults with AS or HFA (N = 15) and again discriminated these from a large number of normal controls (N = 239) drawn from different samples. In both the clinical and control groups the Eyes Test was inversely correlated with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (the AQ), a measure of autistic traits in adults of normal intelligence. The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual differences in social sensitivity.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th
BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63
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Young AW, 1996, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V34, P31, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00062-3
NR 25
TC 1160
Z9 1175
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 2
BP 241
EP 251
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006643
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428KP
UT WOS:000168461100009
PM 11280420
ER
PT J
AU Mottron, L
Morasse, K
Belleville, S
AF Mottron, L
Morasse, K
Belleville, S
TI A study of memory functioning in individuals with autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; cognition; memory; neuropsychology; phonological
processing
ID FREE-RECALL; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; AMNESIC SYNDROME;
CHILDREN; DEFICIT; HIPPOCAMPUS; PERFORMANCE; SIMILARITY; AMYGDALA
AB Memory tasks were administered to 14 high-functioning individuals with autism and 14 typically developing individuals matched on chronological age and verbal intelligence. The tasks consisted of free and cued recall of 15 semantically unrelated words in 3 encoding conditions: phonological encoding, semantic encoding, and a no encoding orientation. In both groups: semantic orientation led to better free recall than did orientation toward syllabic encoding or absence of orientation. In contrast, semantic cues at, retrieval led to better cued recall than phonological cues in typically developing individuals, whereas both types of cue had the same effect in prompting cued recall for individuals with autism. These findings are incompatible with the hypothesis of an amnesic deficit and do not support the notion of executive or semantic deficits in the memory problems of autistic individuals, at least for those with a high level of functioning. It is proposed that these findings can be accounted for by enhanced phonological processing in autism. This interpretation is consistent with other findings of enhanced processing of low-level perceptual information in the visual and auditory modality in autism.
C1 Hop Riviere des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Troubles Envahissants Dev, Montreal, PQ HE1 1A4, Canada.
Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech, Inst Geriatrie, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
RP Mottron, L (reprint author), Hop Riviere des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Troubles Envahissants Dev, Montreal, PQ HE1 1A4, Canada.
EM mottronl@istar.ca
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NR 67
TC 50
Z9 50
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 2
BP 253
EP 260
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006722
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428KP
UT WOS:000168461100010
PM 11280421
ER
PT J
AU Liss, M
Fein, D
Allen, D
Dunn, M
Feinstein, C
Morris, R
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
AF Liss, M
Fein, D
Allen, D
Dunn, M
Feinstein, C
Morris, R
Waterhouse, L
Rapin, I
TI Executive functioning in high-functioning children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; executive function; language disorder
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FUNCTION DEFICITS; FOLLOW-UP;
COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS; CAPACITIES; INTACT; MEMORY; MIND
AB Executive functioning was investigated in 34 children (24 boys and 10 girls) with developmental language disorder (DLD) and 21 children (18 boys and 3 girls) with high-functioning autistic disorder (HAD) matched on Full Scale IQ, Nonverbal IQ, age (mean age 9 year, 1 month), and SES. The DLD group had a Verbal IQ that was 10 points higher than the HAD group. These children were given the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Mazes subtest from the WISC-R, the Underlining test, and the Rapid Automatized Naming test. In addition, these children were given the Vineland Scales of Adaptive Functioning and the Wing Diagnostic Symptom Checklist in order to assess severity of autistic symptomatology. Results indicated that the only significant difference between the two groups on the cognitive tasks was perseverative errors on the WCST; there was no significant difference on total number of categories achieved or total number of errors on the WCST or on the other executive function measures. There was also significant overlap in the scores between the two groups and the difference in perseverative errors was no longer significant when Verbal IQ was partialled out. Executive functioning was strongly related to all IQ variables in the DLD group and particularly related to Verbal IQ in the HAD group. Although there was a relationship in the HAD group between executive functioning and adaptive functioning, as well as between executive functioning and autistic symptomatology, these relationships were generally no longer significant in the HAD group after the variance due to Verbal IQ was accounted for. The results are interpreted to indicate that although impaired executive functioning is a commonly associated feature of autism, it is not universal in autism and is unlikely to cause autistic behaviors or deficits in adaptive function.
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
Coll New Jersey, Trenton, NJ USA.
Albert Einstein Sch Med, New York, NY USA.
Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
RP Fein, D (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 405 Babbidge Rd U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
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NR 54
TC 115
Z9 117
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI PORT CHESTER
PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 2
BP 261
EP 270
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006679
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428KP
UT WOS:000168461100011
PM 11280422
ER
PT J
AU Salazar, L
Wright, HH
AF Salazar, L
Wright, HH
TI Infantile autism: Exchange and development therapy.
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Behav Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Salazar, L (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat & Behav Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
CR BARTHELEMY C, 1998, INFANTILE AUTISM EXC
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 40
IS 2
BP 258
EP 259
DI 10.1097/00004583-200102000-00024
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 397KL
UT WOS:000166694800024
ER
PT J
AU Cunningham, E
AF Cunningham, E
TI Is there any research to support a gluten- and casein-free diet for a
child that is diagnosed with autism?
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 101
IS 2
BP 222
EP 222
DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00057-8
PG 1
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 460MT
UT WOS:000170311900020
ER
PT J
AU Woodward, G
AF Woodward, G
TI Autism and Parkinson's disease
SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
LA English
DT Article
ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; PESTICIDES; TOXINS; TWINS
AB The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is multifaceted, having a variety of genetic and environmental factors. There is considerable evidence to support the role of toxins, particularly pesticides and herbicides, in at least some of those affected (presumably, mostly the genetically vulnerable). The pathogenesis of autism is no less complex, but little is known about the potential role of toxins for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder. The incidence of autism appears to be rising, and early exposure to synthetic chemicals is one suspect for this rise. Impaired detoxification of certain chemicals may be common to autism and Parkinson's disease. Further study of environmental influences for either disorder may lead to important insights regarding causation for both, and perhaps for other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders as well. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Neurol, Kansas City, KS USA.
RP Woodward, G (reprint author), 873 Harper Dr, Verona, WI 53593 USA.
CR Alberti A, 1999, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V46, P420, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00337-0
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Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508
Hanna PA, 1999, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V56, P90, DOI 10.1001/archneur.56.1.90
JENNER P, 1993, PARKINSONS DIS MOVEM, P55
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Nakagawa R, 1999, J AOAC INT, V82, P716
*NIEHS, 1999, ENV HLTH PERSPECT, V107, P510
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Schapira AHV, 1998, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V55, P1293, DOI 10.1001/archneur.55.10.1293
SILBERGELD EK, 1986, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V7, P557
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NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 0306-9877
J9 MED HYPOTHESES
JI Med. Hypotheses
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 56
IS 2
BP 246
EP 249
DI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1189
PG 4
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 406EM
UT WOS:000167202000023
PM 11425297
ER
PT J
AU Borgatti, R
Piccinelli, P
Passoni, D
Dalpra, L
Miozzo, M
Micheli, R
Gagliardi, C
Balottin, U
AF Borgatti, R
Piccinelli, P
Passoni, D
Dalpra, L
Miozzo, M
Micheli, R
Gagliardi, C
Balottin, U
TI Relationship between clinical and genetic features in "inverted
duplicated chromosome 15" patients
SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INV DUP(15) CHROMOSOMES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
AUTISTIC DISORDER; PROXIMAL 15Q; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; EPILEPSY;
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; 15Q11-13
AB Inverted duplicated chromosome 15 (Inv dup [15]) syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by psychologic or intellectual language delay; neurologic signs, such as hypotonia, ataxia, and epilepsy; mental retardation ranging from mild to severe; and facial dysmorphisms. All patients present with a psychopathologic impairment that is highly variable in severity but always classifiable as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), Many genetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the clinical variability. This article describes the neurologic and psychopathologic features of six Inv dup(15) patients, one male and five females, between 8 and 14 years of age, all with a maternal marker chromosome. Four patients were diagnosed with PDD not otherwise specified, whereas two patients received a diagnosis of autism. Epilepsy was present in three patients (two generalized symptomatic and one focal symptomatic), and a correlation between the severity of the disease and its outcome was not always observed. Nevertheless, the influence of gene content of the marker chromosome, particularly the three gamma -aminobutyric acid-A receptor subunit genes, may represent the link between epilepsy, mental retardation, and PDD. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Sci Inst Eugenio Medea, Dept Child Neurorehabil, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
Univ Insurbia, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Varese, Italy.
Univ Milan, Dept Biol & Genet Med Scim, Milan, Italy.
Brescia Gen Hosp, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Brescia, Italy.
RP Borgatti, R (reprint author), IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Assoc La Nostra Famiglia, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy.
CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, AM PSYCH ASS DIAGN S, P65
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NR 32
TC 40
Z9 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0887-8994
J9 PEDIATR NEUROL
JI Pediatr. Neurol.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 24
IS 2
BP 111
EP 116
DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(00)00244-7
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 418AV
UT WOS:000167868400004
PM 11275459
ER
PT J
AU Fombonne, E
AF Fombonne, E
TI Is there an epidemic of autism?
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child Psychiat Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, MRC, Child Psychiat Unit, De Crespigny Pk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
CR Department of Developmental Services, 1999, CHANG POP PERS AUT P
Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508
Fombonne E, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P1561, DOI 10.1016/S0890-8567(09)66566-7
FOMBONNE E, 2001, ED CHILDREN AUTISM
Volkmar FR, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P74
Wakefield AJ, 1999, LANCET, V354, P949, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8
NR 6
TC 119
Z9 127
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 107
IS 2
BP 411
EP 413
DI 10.1542/peds.107.2.411
PG 4
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 397TT
UT WOS:000166714000044
PM 11158478
ER
PT J
AU Pickup, GJ
Frith, CD
AF Pickup, GJ
Frith, CD
TI Theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia: symptomatology, severity
and specificity
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID PEOPLE; BELIEFS; AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; ATTRIBUTION; DEFICIT; OTHERS
AB Background. Several studies have examined the ability of schizophrenic patients to represent mental states ("theory of mind"; ToM). There is consensus that some patients have impaired ToM, but there is disagreement about the relation between ToM and symptomatology, and about the severity and specificity of the deficit.
Methods. Two first-order and one second-order false belief tests of ToM were given to groups of schizophrenic patients and psychiatric and normal controls. The relation between ToM and symptomatology was explored using regression and symptom subgroup analyses. Severity was investigated by using the same task methodology as in autism research, to enable direct comparison with that disorder. Specificity was investigated using matched control tasks which were as difficult as the ToM tasks, but did not require ToM.
Results. Symptom subgroup analysis showed that schizophrenic patients with behavioural signs were impaired relative to controls on ToM, and that remitted patients and a single case with passivity symptoms performed as well as controls. Regression analysis showed that ratings of behavioural signs predicted impaired ToM in schizophrenia. There was weak evidence that a subgroup with paranoid symptoms had ToM impairments, although these were associated with low IQ. Schizophrenic patients only showed ToM deficits on the second-order task. No impairments appeared on the matched control tasks which did not require ToM.
Conclusions. There is a clear association between ToM impairment and behavioural signs in schizophrenia. Deficits in paranoid patients are harder to detect with current tasks and may be compensated for by IQ-dependent problem-solving skills. ToM impairments in schizophrenia are less severe than in autism, but are specific and not a reflection of general cognitive deficits.
C1 UCL, Sub Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, London, England.
Neurol Inst, Dept Cognit Neurol, London, England.
RP Pickup, GJ (reprint author), Hunter St Hlth Ctr, Dept Clin Psychol, 8 Hunter St, London WC1N 3BN, England.
RI Frith, Chris/A-2171-2009
OI Frith, Chris/0000-0002-8665-0690
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NR 34
TC 172
Z9 175
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0033-2917
J9 PSYCHOL MED
JI Psychol. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 2
BP 207
EP 220
PG 14
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 402TM
UT WOS:000167004300003
PM 11232909
ER
PT J
AU Zarate, P
Diaz, V
AF Zarate, P
Diaz, V
TI Medical uses of musical therapy
SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE
LA Spanish
DT Article
DE Alzheimer disease; music therapy; Parkinson disease; psychotherapy
ID CARE
AB Music therapy is a science that has been applied since many centuries ago, but it has been organized as a profession during the past century. This science studies the therapeutic effects of music in human beings. Professionals who practice this science are called "music therapists" and they must be trained not only in music theory and performance, but also in psychology, anatomy, research techniques, and other subjects. Today, we can find music therapy research in many areas such as the effects of music in children with autism, adults with psychiatric illnesses, elderly with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, people with brain injuries, among others. Numerous studies demonstrate the functionality of music therapy in patients with neurological disorders. These studies show that music helps patients to gain control over their walking patterns after a brain injury, stimulates long and short term memory in patients with Alzheimer disease, and increase self esteem and social interaction in elders.
C1 Univ Chile, Hosp Clin, Santiago, Chile.
RP Diaz, V (reprint author), Hosp JJ Aguirre, 2 Piso E Santos Dumont 999, Santiago, Chile.
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NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO
PI SANTIAGO 9
PA BERNARDA MORIN 488 PROVIDENCIA, CASILLA 168 CORREO 55, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE
SN 0034-9887
J9 REV MED CHILE
JI Rev. Medica Chile
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 129
IS 2
BP 219
EP 223
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 421JK
UT WOS:000168061100015
PM 11351476
ER
PT J
AU Jolliffe, T
Baron-Cohen, S
AF Jolliffe, T
Baron-Cohen, S
TI A test of central coherence theory: Can adults with high-functioning
autism or Asperger syndrome integrate objects in context?
SO VISUAL COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDS THEORY; MIND; PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS; EXPLORATION; DISCOURSE;
ABILITIES; TASK
AB Weak central coherence was investigated by exploring the conceptual integration of objects. Normally intelligent adults with either autism or Asperger syndrome were given two novel experiments. Experiment 1, the Object Integration test, had sets of line drawings depicting objects and people. Each set had to be either visually integrated to make the most coherent scene, or compared for similarities. The clinical groups were significantly impaired in their ability to integrate objects, but they were not impaired in looking for similarities. Experiment 2, the Scenic test, presented black line drawings of scenes containing an item that was inappropriate for the context. Participants were required to describe the scenes, identify the type of scene and context-inappropriate object, and locate a name (incongruent) object as quickly as they could. The clinical groups' descriptions suggest that they did not spontaneously pay preferential treatment to local details, nor were they faster at locating a named incongruent object. Whereas only a few of their descriptions lacked coherence, there was a deficit in both their ability to spontaneously notice and identify incongruent objects, as well as to identify the scenes. These tests provide support for Frith's (1989) central coherence hypothesis. Conceptual or high-level processing seemed inferior, whereas perceptual or low-level processing seemed normal, but not superior. Poor performance on these tasks characterized the majority of clinical participants, but those with autism performed at a consistently poorer level than those with Asperger syndrome. Possible explanations for the clinical groups' difficulties are explored along with suggestions for future research.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Jolliffe, T (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
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NR 51
TC 18
Z9 19
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1350-6285
J9 VIS COGN
JI Vis. Cogn.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 8
IS 1
BP 67
EP 101
PG 35
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 392VZ
UT WOS:000166434400004
ER
PT J
AU Remschmidt, H
Hebebrand, J
AF Remschmidt, H
Hebebrand, J
TI Asperger's syndrome: A current review
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE
LA German
DT Review
DE Asperger's Syndrome; autistic psychopathy; personality disorder;
pervasive developmental disorder
ID SCHIZOID PERSONALITY-DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LIFELONG
ECCENTRICITY; SOCIAL-ISOLATION; CHILDREN; MIND; CLASSIFICATION;
SCHIZOPHRENIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION
AB Objectives: Asperger's Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder that manifets itself at pre-schobl age; It is characterized by qualitative impairments of social interaction, deficits in empathy, motor disturbances, and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior interests and activities. A genetic etiology is assumed in context with brain dysfunctions and neuropsychological deficits which are ail focused upon nonverbal learning, even though the general intellectual level is within the normal range. Treatment must take into account the individual aspects of each case and is based mainly on behavior therapy, group training of social skills, vocational training and adaptation, and if necessary, on medication, Medical treatment is indicated in the presence:of special symptoms such as hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, sleep disorders, or depression.
C1 Univ Marburg, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-35033 Marburg, Germany.
RP Remschmidt, H (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Hans Sachs Str 6, D-35033 Marburg, Germany.
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NR 56
TC 9
Z9 9
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 1422-4917
J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH
JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother.
PD FEB
PY 2001
VL 29
IS 1
BP 59
EP 69
DI 10.1024//1422-4917.29.1.59
PG 11
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 402BB
UT WOS:000166965100007
PM 11234553
ER
PT J
AU Laakso, MP
Vaurio, O
Koivisto, E
Savolainen, L
Eronen, M
Aronen, HJ
Hakola, P
Repo, E
Soinien, H
Tiihonen, J
AF Laakso, MP
Vaurio, O
Koivisto, E
Savolainen, L
Eronen, M
Aronen, HJ
Hakola, P
Repo, E
Soinien, H
Tiihonen, J
TI Psychopathy and the posterior hippocampus
SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE aggression; behavior; human; psychopathy; sociopathy; violence
ID MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; DAMAGE; AUTISM; FEAR; IMPAIRMENT; ALCOHOLISM;
VIOLENCE
AB Neurobiology of psychopathy is of interest, not only because neural underpinnings of psychopathy remain obscure, but also because psychopaths may provide a model to study violent behavior, neurology of morals and impaired decision-making. Medial temporal lobe pathology has been suggested to be a part of the neural systems dysfunction which manifests as violent and psychopathic behavior. Yet, so far no sound evidence of neuroanatomical correlates for psychopathic behavior has been found. In this study regional hippocampal volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in 18 habitually violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and type 2 alcoholism (derived from forensic psychiatric evaluation). The regional volumes along the anteroposterior axis of the hippocampus were correlated with the subjects' degree of psychopathy as evaluated by the Psyhopathy Checklist-Revised. Strong negative correlations, up to - 0.79, were observed, among the study subjects, between the psychopathy scores and the posterior half of the hippocampi bilaterally. These data are in accordance with experimental studies proposing that lesions of the dorsal hippocampus impair acquisition of conditioned fear, and with theories on psychopathology according to which one of the central features in the birth of psychopathy is a deficit in acquisition of conditioned fear. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Radiol, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
Univ Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hosp, Dept Forens Psychiat, Kuopio 70240, Finland.
Vanha Vaasa Hosp, Vaasa 65381, Finland.
Univ Kuopio, Dept Neurosci & Neurol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
RP Laakso, MP (reprint author), Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Bldg 5,POB 1777, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
RI Tiihonen, Jari/G-3078-2012
OI Tiihonen, Jari/0000-0002-0400-6798
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TC 96
Z9 98
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-4328
J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES
JI Behav. Brain Res.
PD JAN 29
PY 2001
VL 118
IS 2
BP 187
EP 193
DI 10.1016/S0166-4328(00)00324-7
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 393EN
UT WOS:000166456400009
PM 11164516
ER
PT J
AU Elliman, D
Bedford, H
AF Elliman, D
Bedford, H
TI MMR vaccine: the continuing saga - Current concerns are idiosyncratic:
most reviews have confirmed the vaccine's safety
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID RUBELLA VACCINE; MEASLES; MUMPS; PERTUSSIS; AUTISM
C1 Univ London St Georges Hosp, London SW17 0QT, England.
Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England.
RP Elliman, D (reprint author), Univ London St Georges Hosp, London SW17 0QT, England.
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TC 27
Z9 27
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8138
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JAN 27
PY 2001
VL 322
IS 7280
BP 183
EP 184
DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7280.183
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 398BF
UT WOS:000166733700001
PM 11159597
ER
PT J
AU Tierney, E
Nwokoro, NA
Porter, FD
Freund, LS
Ghuman, JK
Kelley, RI
AF Tierney, E
Nwokoro, NA
Porter, FD
Freund, LS
Ghuman, JK
Kelley, RI
TI Behavior phenotype in the RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 46th Annual Meeting of the
American-Academy-of-Child-and-Adolescent-Psychiatry
CY OCT 19-24, 1999
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat
DE Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome; behavior phenotype cholesterol;
7-dehyrocholesterol; metabolic disorder; autism; Autism Diagnostic
Interview (ADI); Sensory Profile; Screen for Social Interaction;
temperament dysregulation; multiple congenital disorder; opisthokinesis;
Temperament and Atypical Behavior Scale (TABS)
ID DEFECTIVE CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; SENSORY PROFILE; RSH SYNDROME;
RATING FORM; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; PERFORMANCE; DISORDERS
AB The behavior phenotype of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) was studied by assessing behavior, social, and communication abilities, sensory hyperreactivity, and the deficits associated with autistic disorder. Fifty-six SLOS subjects, age 0.3 to 32.3 years, were evaluated by multiple age-dependent questionnaires and telephone interviews. Of the 56 subjects, 50 (89%) had a history of repeated self-injury: 30 (54%) bit themselves; 27 (48%) head-banged; and 30 (54%) threw themselves backward in a highly characteristic upper body movement ("opisthokinesis"). Forty-seven of these subjects were also evaluated by direct observation and by direct interview of the parent or caregiver. Of 11 subjects 10 years or older, three (27%) had a stereotypic stretching motion of the upper body accompanied by hand flicking. Additional measures showed sensory hyperreactivity, temperament dysregulation, sleep disturbance, and social and communication deficits. Nine of 17 subjects (53%) met the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) algorithm questions [Lord et al,, 1993, 1994]. Thus, SLOS is a metabolic disorder that can be associated with autism and other behavioral characteristics that define a distinctive and diagnostically important behavioral disorder. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
NICHHD, Heritable Disorders Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
Kennedy Krieger Inst, Div Intermediary Metab, Baltimore, MD USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Tierney, E (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, 1750 E Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
EM tierney@kennedykrieger.org
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PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN 15
PY 2001
VL 98
IS 2
BP 191
EP 200
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010115)98:2<191::AID-AJMG1030>3.0.CO;2-M
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 389BE
UT WOS:000166217900013
PM 11223857
ER
PT J
AU Petrovic, M
Roberts, R
Ramsay, M
AF Petrovic, M
Roberts, R
Ramsay, M
TI Second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: questionnaire survey
of health professionals
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVERSE EVENTS; SURVEILLANCE; CAUSAL
AB Objective To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health professionals regarding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, particularly the second dose.
Design Self administered postal questionnaire survey.
Setting North Wales Health Authority, 1998.
Participants 148 health visitors, 239 practice nurses, and 206 general practitioners.
Main outcome measures Respondents' views on MMR vaccination, including their views on the likelihood of an association with autism and Crohn's disease and on who is the best person to give advice to parents, whether they agree with the policy of a second dose of the vaccine, and how confident they are in explaining the rationale behind the second dose.
Results Concerning the second dose of the vaccine, 48% of the professionals (220/460) had reservations and 3% (15) disagreed with the policy of giving it Over half the professionals nominated health visitors as the best initial source of advice on the second vaccine. 61% of health visitors (86/140), compared with 46% of general practitioners (73/158), reported feeling very confident about explaining the rationale of a two dose schedule to a well informed parent, but only 20% (28/138) would unequivocally recommend the second dose to a wavering parent 33% of the practice nurses (54/163) stated that the MMR vaccine was very likely or possibly associated with Crohn's disease and 27% (44/164) that it was associated with autism. Nearly a fifth of general practitioners (27/158) reported that they had not read the MMR section in the "green book," and 29% (44/152) reported that they had not received the Health Education Authority's factsheet on MMR immunisation.
Conclusions Knowledge and practice among health professionals regarding the second dose of the MMR vaccine vary widely. Many professionals are not aware of or do not use the good written resources that exist, though local educational initiatives could remedy this.
C1 N Wales Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Mold, Flint, Wales.
Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England.
RP Petrovic, M (reprint author), N Wales Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Mold, Flint, Wales.
CR *CDCP, 1998, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V47, P2
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NR 17
TC 46
Z9 46
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8138
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD JAN 13
PY 2001
VL 322
IS 7278
BP 82
EP 85
DI 10.1136/bmj.322.7278.82
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 393XZ
UT WOS:000166496100027
PM 11154622
ER
PT J
AU Leal, SM
AF Leal, SM
TI Phenotypes and genetic analysis of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric
traits
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE phenotype; complex traits; statistical genetics; workshop; psychiatric
and neuropsychiatric traits
ID INCIDENCE AUTISM FAMILIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDER; CRITERIA; LINKAGE;
PARENTS
AB A workshop was held at Rockefeller University entitled "Phenotypes and Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits." The purpose of the workshop was to examine phenotype definition for complex traits, in particular, psychiatric and neuropsychiatric traits. An additional goal of the workshop was to examine statistical genetic approaches that specifically address the oligogenic nature of psychiatric traits. An overview of topics that were addressed and discussed at the workshop is presented in this article. Am, J. Med. Genet, (Neuropsychiatr. Genet,) 105:4-7, 2001, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Rockefeller Univ, Lab Stat Genet, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Leal, SM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lab Stat Genet, 1230 York Ave,Box 192, New York, NY 10021 USA.
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NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 1
BP 4
EP 7
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<4::AID-AJMG1043>3.3.CO;2-M
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 390GA
UT WOS:000166286300002
PM 11424993
ER
PT J
AU Piven, J
AF Piven, J
TI The broad autism phenotype: A complementary strategy for molecular
genetic studies of autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; phenotype; genetics; linkage
ID TWIN; FAMILIES; PARENTS
AB The genetic liability for autism appears to be expressed not only as the full syndrome of autism, but in milder, qualitatively similar characteristics that collectively have been referred to as constituting the broad autism phenotype, Identification of components of the broad autism phenotype that segregate independently in relatives of autistic individuals may provide an index of genes that, when present together, may interact to produce autism. Inclusion of information on the broad autism phenotype in relatives, in linkage studies of autism, may provide a potentially important, complementary approach for detecting the genes causing this condition. Am. J, Med, Genet, (Neuropsychiatr, Genet,) 105:34-35, 2001, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Mental Retardat & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
Univ N Carolina, Div TEACCH, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Piven, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Mental Retardat & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, CB 7250, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
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NR 12
TC 65
Z9 68
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 1
BP 34
EP 35
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<34::AID-AJMG1052>3.0.CO;2-D
PG 2
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 390GA
UT WOS:000166286300011
PM 11424990
ER
PT J
AU Lord, C
Leventhal, BL
Cook, EH
AF Lord, C
Leventhal, BL
Cook, EH
TI Quantifying the phenotype in autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; PDD-NOS; ADI-R; ADOS; phenotype
ID GENOMIC SCREEN; CHILDREN; DOMAINS
AB Twin and family studies suggest that familial transmission in autism extends to a spectrum of social and behavioral deficits that characterize individuals who have significant impairments within the autism spectrum, but do not meet formal criteria for autistic disorder. Standardized diagnostic instruments, including the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-WPS Edition), offer the opportunity to quantify deficits across the autism spectrum, controlling effects of language and cognitive delay, in individuals with significant impairments. It is suggested that quantitative measures of social reciprocity and repetitive behaviors and interests, with separate quantification of expressive language level and nonverbal intelligence, most accurately reflect the range of behavioral phenotypes in autism spectrum disorders. Am. J, Med, Genet, (Neuropsychiatr. Genet,) 105:36-38, 2001, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Lord, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, MC 3077,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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NR 12
TC 90
Z9 90
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 1
BP 36
EP 38
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<36::AID-AJMG1053>3.0.CO;2-4
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 390GA
UT WOS:000166286300012
PM 11424991
ER
PT J
AU Young, LJ
AF Young, LJ
TI Oxytocin and vasopressin as candidate genes for psychiatric disorders:
Lessons from animal models
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; neuropeptides; social behavior
ID MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR
AB Multiple approaches should be taken to investigate the genetic bases of psychiatric disorders, including the consideration of candidate genes. Studies in animal models suggest that the genes encoding oxytocin, vasopressin, and their respective receptors should be considered in a candidate gene approach for psychiatric disorders involving social deficits, such as autism or social phobias. These neuropeptide hormones may mediate the rewarding nature of social interactions and have been implicated in social attachment and social recognition in several animal models. Mutations in genes unrelated to oxytocin and vasopressin have been shown to have secondary effects on neuropeptide function and subsequent behavioral phenotypes, Genetic analysis of polymorphisms and expression analysis of candidate genes implicated in animal models may prove useful for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, particularly in cases where other techniques proven difficult. Am. J, Med, Genet, (Neuropsychiatr. Genet,) 105: 53-54, 2001, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Yerkes Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
Emory Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Young, LJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat, Yerkes Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
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NR 12
TC 38
Z9 39
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN 8
PY 2001
VL 105
IS 1
BP 53
EP 54
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<53::AID-AJMG1059>3.0.CO;2-U
PG 2
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 390GA
UT WOS:000166286300018
PM 11424998
ER
PT J
AU Einfeld, SL
Tonge, BJ
Rees, VW
AF Einfeld, SL
Tonge, BJ
Rees, VW
TI Longitudinal course of behavioral and emotional problems in Williams
syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; ADULTS; DISTURBANCE; ADOLESCENTS;
ABILITIES; AUTISM
AB A follow-up study of behavior and emotional problems in a cohort of young people with Williams syndrome 5 years after first assessment is described. Using a between-/within-subjects factorial layout, we compared scores on the Developmental Behaviour Checklist between young people with Williams syndrome and a large epidemiological control sample of young people with mental retardation due to other causes from Time 1 (1990/1991) to Time 2 (1995/1996) Results showed substantial persistence of the overall level of behavior and emotional problems. However, there were changes in certain types of behavior. Participants with Williams syndrome had significantly higher overall behavioral and emotional problems, communication disturbance, and anxiety over the 5-year period. Further, 10 or 13 checklist items maintained significantly higher levels among the Williams syndrome sample.
C1 Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
RP Einfeld, SL (reprint author), FRANZCP, 2 Short St, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
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NR 20
TC 49
Z9 49
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 1
BP 73
EP 81
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0073:LCOBAE>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 402DJ
UT WOS:000166970500008
PM 11246715
ER
PT J
AU Mervis, CB
Klein-Tasman, BP
Mastin, ME
AF Mervis, CB
Klein-Tasman, BP
Mastin, ME
TI Adaptive behavior of 4-through 8-year-old children with Williams
syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DOWN-SYNDROME; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPES; PROFILES
AB The adaptive behavior of forty-one 4- through 8-year-olds with Williams syndrome was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Interview Edition. Based on the cognitive and personality profiles characteristic of children with this syndrome, we predicted that the domains of Socialization and Communication would be relative strengths, whereas Daily Living Skills and Motor Skills would be relative weaknesses. We also expected that Socialization Skills would be more advanced than Communication skills, and that within the Socialization domain, interpersonal skills would be stronger than play/leisure or coping skills. All predictions were confirmed. Adaptive behavior standard score was not related to CA. The children earned similar overall standard scores on the Vineland and the Differential Ability Scales. Interrelations among adaptive behavior, cognitive abilities, and personality characteristics are discussed.
C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA.
RP Mervis, CB (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
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NR 42
TC 33
Z9 33
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 1
BP 82
EP 93
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0082:ABOTYO>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 402DJ
UT WOS:000166970500009
PM 11246716
ER
PT J
AU Williams, MA
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Rinehart, NJ
AF Williams, MA
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Rinehart, NJ
TI The possibility of temporal and spatial selectivity abnormalities in
low-functioning individuals with autism
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM mark.williams@sci.monash.edu.au
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI CARLTON
PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9530
J9 AUST J PSYCHOL
JI Aust. J. Psychol.
PY 2001
VL 53
SU S
BP 69
EP 69
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA V42OE
UT WOS:000202876000317
ER
PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Brenton, AV
Tonge, BJ
AF Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Brenton, AV
Tonge, BJ
TI A neurobehavioural and clinical comparison of children with
high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM nicole.rinehart@sci.monash.edu.au
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI CARLTON
PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9530
J9 AUST J PSYCHOL
JI Aust. J. Psychol.
PY 2001
VL 53
SU S
BP 172
EP 172
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA V42OE
UT WOS:000202876001293
ER
PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
AF Rinehart, NJ
Bradshaw, JL
Moss, SA
Brereton, AV
Tonge, BJ
TI An examination of left-hemisphere anomalies in high-functioning autism
and Asperger's disorder using executive function and visual-perceptual
paradigms
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM nicole.rinehart@med.monash.edu.au
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI CARLTON
PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9530
J9 AUST J PSYCHOL
JI Aust. J. Psychol.
PY 2001
VL 53
SU S
BP 172
EP 172
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA V42OE
UT WOS:000202876001294
ER
PT J
AU Wong, DK
Maybery, M
Hallmayer, J
Maley, A
Petterson, N
Hill, W
Bishop, D
AF Wong, DK
Maybery, M
Hallmayer, J
Maley, A
Petterson, N
Hill, W
Bishop, D
TI Executive functioning in children with autism and their first-degree
relatives
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Ctr Clin Res Neuropsychiat, Claremont, Australia.
Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
EM dana@psy.uwa.edu.au
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI CARLTON
PA 1 GRATTAN STREET, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9530
J9 AUST J PSYCHOL
JI Aust. J. Psychol.
PY 2001
VL 53
SU S
BP 203
EP 203
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA V42OE
UT WOS:000202876001428
ER
PT J
AU Gutknecht, L
AF Gutknecht, L
TI Full-genome scans with autistic disorder: A review
SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; affected sib pair; linkage; multipoint MLS; genetic
heterogeneity
ID GENETICALLY COMPLEX TRAITS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5-HTT; AFFECTED
RELATIVE PAIRS; LINKAGE STRATEGIES; LANGUAGE DISORDER;
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; GENE; REGION; TWIN
AB Autistic disorder is characterized by severe disturbances of social relatedness, impairments in language and communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviors. Accumulated data strongly support the notion that genetic factors, as yet undetermined, play a significant role in the etiology of this syndrome. As genetic research in autism is still exploratory, full genomewide searches have been performed to localize susceptibility regions within the genome. Methods and results from the four first full-genome scans published to date (IMGSAC, 1998a; Philippe et al., 1999; Risch et al., 1999d; Barrett et al., 1999) are considered in this review. The four sets of multipoint linkage results are grouped in a single figure to facilitate comparisons among the four studies and with previous or future results. Although findings must be considered with caution because LOD score values do not reach the threshold for significant linkage, a region of approximately 50 cM on the long arm of chromosome 7 appears to play a role in the etiology of autistic disorder.
C1 CNRS FRE 2134, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
RP Gutknecht, L (reprint author), CNRS FRE 2134, 3B Ferollerie, F-45071 Orleans 02, France.
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World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS MENT BEH D, V10th
NR 59
TC 20
Z9 22
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0001-8244
J9 BEHAV GENET
JI Behav. Genet.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 31
IS 1
BP 113
EP 123
DI 10.1023/A:1010218227600
PG 11
WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology
GA 465HX
UT WOS:000170584500011
PM 11529268
ER
PT J
AU Luiselli, JK
Blew, P
Thibadeau, S
AF Luiselli, JK
Blew, P
Thibadeau, S
TI Therapeutic effects and long-term efficacy of antidepressant medication
for persons with developmental disabilities - Behavioral assessment in
two cases of treatment-resistant aggression and self-injury
SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; FLUOXETINE TREATMENT; ADULTS
AB Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of severe behavior disorders in persons with developmental disabilities suggest the use of antidepressant medication for therapeutic management. This research evaluated two antidepressant medications for treatment-resistant aggression and self-injury exhibited by two persons with developmental disabilities. Behavioral assessment data documented that sertraline (a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor) was effective in reducing self-injurious behaviors in a 20-year-old man with severe mental retardation and clomipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant) was associated with the elimination of aggressive behavior in a l l-year-old boy with autism. Clinical effects from the medications were measured in relation to and shown to be a function of dosage level. Extended follow-up assessments revealed maintenance of treatment gains with continued medication administration.
C1 May Inst Inc, May Ctr Appl Res, Norwood, MA 02062 USA.
RP Luiselli, JK (reprint author), May Inst Inc, May Ctr Appl Res, Norwood, MA 02062 USA.
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NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0145-4455
J9 BEHAV MODIF
JI Behav. Modificat.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 25
IS 1
BP 62
EP 78
DI 10.1177/0145445501251004
PG 17
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 420KL
UT WOS:000168004100004
PM 11151486
ER
PT J
AU Sherer, M
Pierce, KL
Paredes, S
Kisacky, KL
Ingersoll, B
Schreibman, L
AF Sherer, M
Pierce, KL
Paredes, S
Kisacky, KL
Ingersoll, B
Schreibman, L
TI Enhancing conversation skills in children with autism via video
technology - Which is better, "self" or "other" as a model?
SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
ID RECOGNITION; SETTINGS
AB The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of "self" versus "other" video-modeling interventions. Five children with autism ranging in age from 4 to 11 were taught to answer a series of conversation questions in both self and other video-modeled conditions. Results were evaluated using a combination of a multiple baseline and alternating treatments design. Three out of the five participants performed at levels of 100% accuracy at posttreatment. Results indicated no overall difference in rate of task acquisition between the two conditions, implying that children who were successful at learning from video in general, learned equally as well via both treatment approaches. Anecdotal evidence suggested that participants who were successful with video treatment had higher visual learning skills than children who were unsuccessful with this approach. Results are discussed in terms of a visual learning model for children with autism.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Sherer, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RI Ingersoll, Brooke/A-9117-2012
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NR 42
TC 93
Z9 94
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0145-4455
J9 BEHAV MODIF
JI Behav. Modificat.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 25
IS 1
BP 140
EP 158
DI 10.1177/0145445501251008
PG 19
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 420KL
UT WOS:000168004100008
PM 11151482
ER
PT J
AU McKerchar, TL
Kahng, S
Casioppo, E
Wilson, D
AF McKerchar, TL
Kahng, S
Casioppo, E
Wilson, D
TI Functional analysis of self-injury maintained by automatic
reinforcement: Exposing masked social functions
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTINCTION
AB Two functional analyses for self-injurious behavior (SIB) exhibited by a child diagnosed with mental retardation and autism were conducted. Responding was high and undifferentiated in the first functional analysis, indicating that SIE was maintained by automatic reinforcement. During the second functional analysis, the client wore a padded helmet and all SIE was blocked. SIE decreased in all conditions except attention. suggesting that SIE was multiply controlled (social positive and automatic reinforcement). Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Kahng, S (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RI Kahng, SungWoo/A-9994-2009
CR IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P215, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215
IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197
Lerman DC, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P231, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-231
MAZALESKI JL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P345, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-345
NR 4
TC 6
Z9 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2001
VL 16
IS 1
BP 59
EP 63
DI 10.1002/bin.78
PG 5
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 411DP
UT WOS:000167483100005
ER
PT S
AU Peretz, I
AF Peretz, I
BE Zatorre, RJ
Peretz, I
TI Brain specialization for music: New evidence from congenital amusia
SO BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MUSIC
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Biological Foundations of Music
CY MAY 20-22, 2000
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Charles A Dana Fdn, David & Lucile Packard Fdn
HO ROCKEFELLER UNIV
DE music agnosia; congenital amusia; music-specific neural networks;
tone-deafness
ID DEFICITS; AGNOSIA; DISCRIMINATION; INTERVALS; PATTERNS; AUTISM
AB Brain specialization for music refers to the possibility that the human brain is equipped with neural networks that are dedicated to the processing of music. Finding support for the existence of such music-specific networks suggests that music may have biological roots. Conversely, the discovery that music may have systematic associations with other cognitive domains or variable brain organization across individuals supports the view that music is a cultural artifact. Currently, the evidence favors the biological perspective. There are numerous behavioral indications that music-specific networks are isolable in the brain. These neuropsychological observations are briefly reviewed here with special emphasis on a new condition, that of congenital amusia (also commonly referred to as tone deafness).
C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
RP Peretz, I (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, CP 6128,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
CR Arom S, 2000, ORIGINS OF MUSIC, P27
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NR 34
TC 60
Z9 62
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 1-57331-306-8
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2001
VL 930
BP 153
EP 165
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Psychology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Psychology
GA BT11G
UT WOS:000172009400011
PM 11458826
ER
PT S
AU Heaton, P
Pring, L
Hermelin, B
AF Heaton, P
Pring, L
Hermelin, B
BE Zatorre, RJ
Peretz, I
TI Musical processing in high functioning children with autism
SO BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MUSIC
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Biological Foundations of Music
CY MAY 20-22, 2000
CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK
SP Charles A Dana Fdn, David & Lucile Packard Fdn
HO ROCKEFELLER UNIV
DE autism; savant, musical; absolute pitch
C1 Univ Greenwich, Sch Social Sci, London SE9 2BR, England.
RP Heaton, P (reprint author), Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England.
CR Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN
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SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x
NR 6
TC 12
Z9 12
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 1-57331-306-8
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2001
VL 930
BP 443
EP 444
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Psychology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Psychology
GA BT11G
UT WOS:000172009400045
PM 11458863
ER
PT J
AU Chibuk, TK
Bischof, JM
Wevrick, R
AF Chibuk, Thea K.
Bischof, Jocelyn M.
Wevrick, Rachel
TI A necdin/MAGE-like gene in the chromosome 15 autism susceptibility
region: expression, imprinting, and mapping of the human and mouse
orthologues
SO BMC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Background: Proximal chromosome 15q is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders including Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, autistic disorder and developmental abnormalities resulting from chromosomal deletions or duplications. A subset of genes in this region are subject to genomic imprinting, the expression of the gene from only one parental allele.
Results: We have now identified the NDNL2 (also known as MAGE-G) gene within the 15q autistic disorder susceptibility region and have mapped its murine homolog to the region of conserved synteny near necdin (Ndn) on mouse Chr 7. NDNL2/MAGE-G is a member of a large gene family that includes the X-linked MAGE cluster, MAGED1 (NRAGE), MAGEL2 and NDN, where the latter two genes are implicated in Prader-Willi syndrome. We have now determined that NDNL2/Ndnl2 is widely expressed in mouse and human fetal and adult tissues, and that it is apparently not subject to genomic imprinting by the PWS/AS Imprinting Center.
Conclusion: Although NDNL2/MAGE-G in the broadly defined chromosome 15 autistic disorder susceptibility region, it is not likely to be pathogenic based on its wide expression pattern and lack of imprinted expression.
C1 [Chibuk, Thea K.; Bischof, Jocelyn M.; Wevrick, Rachel] Univ Alberta, Dept Med Genet, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
RP Wevrick, R (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Med Genet, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
EM tchibuk@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca; jbischof@ualberta.ca;
rachel.wevrick@ualberta.ca
FU University of Miami Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders
through NICHD [NO1-HD-8-3284]; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
[6-FY00-196]; Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR);
Canadian Genetic Disease Network
FX We thank Mary Barter from the Jackson Laboratories for the murine
haplotype analysis, the MRC Genome Resource Facility and the RIKEN
Genome Science Center for DNA clones, and Dr. A. Beaudet for the AS
fibroblast cell line. Samples used in this study were provided by the
University of Miami Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders
through NICHD contract # NO1-HD-8-3284. This work was supported in part
by a Research Grant No. 6-FY00-196 from the March of Dimes Birth Defects
Foundation, Summer Studentships to T. K. C. from the Alberta Heritage
Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) and the Canadian Genetic Disease
Network. R. W. is a Scholar of the AHFMR and the Canadian Institutes of
Health Research. Research involving human subjects and animals has been
performed in accordance with the Institutional policies of the
University of Alberta.
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NR 28
TC 17
Z9 19
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2156
J9 BMC GENET
JI BMC Genet.
PY 2001
VL 2
AR 22
DI 10.1186/1471-2156-2-22
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA V31UU
UT WOS:000208909300021
PM 11782285
ER
PT J
AU Manev, R
Manev, H
AF Manev, Radmila
Manev, Hari
TI Aminoglycoside antibiotics and autism: a speculative hypothesis
SO BMC PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Background: Recently, it has been suspected that there is a relationship between therapy with some antibiotics and the onset of autism; but even more curious, some children benefited transiently from a subsequent treatment with a different antibiotic. Here, we speculate how aminoglycoside antibiotics might be associated with autism.
Presentation: We hypothesize that aminoglycoside antibiotics could a) trigger the autism syndrome in susceptible infants by causing the stop codon readthrough, i.e., a misreading of the genetic code of a hypothetical critical gene, and/or b) improve autism symptoms by correcting the premature stop codon mutation in a hypothetical polymorphic gene linked to autism.
Testing: Investigate, retrospectively, whether a link exists between aminoglycoside use (which is not extensive in children) and the onset of autism symptoms (hypothesis "a"), or between aminoglycoside use and improvement of these symptoms (hypothesis "b"). Whereas a prospective study to test hypothesis "a" is not ethically justifiable, a study could be designed to test hypothesis "b".
Implications: It should be stressed that at this stage no direct evidence supports our speculative hypothesis and that its main purpose is to initiate development of new ideas that, eventually, would improve our understanding of the pathobiology of autism.
C1 [Manev, Radmila; Manev, Hari] Univ Illinois, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
RP Manev, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
EM RManev@psych.uic.edu; HManev@psych.uic.edu
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NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-244X
J9 BMC PSYCHIATRY
JI BMC Psychiatry
PY 2001
VL 1
AR 5
DI 10.1186/1471-244X-1-5
PG 3
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA V22MR
UT WOS:000208279800005
PM 11696245
ER
PT J
AU Smeeth, L
Hall, AJ
Fombonne, E
Rodrigues, LC
Huang, XN
Smith, PG
AF Smeeth, L
Hall, AJ
Fombonne, E
Rodrigues, LC
Huang, XN
Smith, PG
TI A case-control study of autism and mumps-measles-rubella vaccination
using the general practice research database: design and methodology
SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; MMR VACCINATION; CASE SERIES; CHILDREN;
QUESTIONNAIRE; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION
AB Background: An association between mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccination and the onset of symptoms typical of autism has recently been suggested. This has led to considerable concern about the safety of the vaccine.
Methods: A matched case-control study using data derived form the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. Children with a possible diagnosis of autism will be identified from their electronic health records. All diagnoses will be validated by a detailed review of hospital letters and by using information derived from a parental questionnaire. Ten controls per case will be selected from the database. Conditional logistic regression will be used to assess the association between MMR vaccination and autism. In addition case series analyses will be undertaken to estimate the relative incidence of onset of autism in defined time intervals after vaccination. The study is funded by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council.
Discussion: Electronic health databases offer tremendous opportunities for evaluating the adverse effects of vaccines. However there is much scope for bias and confounding. The rigorous validation of all diagnoses and the collection of additional information by parental questionnaire in this study are essential to minimise the possibility of misleading results.
C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England.
Inst Psychiat, Univ London Kings Coll, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, MRC,Child Psychiat Unit, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Smeeth, L (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England.
RI Research Datalink, Clinical Practice/H-2477-2013
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NR 44
TC 23
Z9 23
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2458
J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
JI BMC Public Health
PY 2001
VL 1
AR 2
DI 10.1186/1471-2458-1-2
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 623WW
UT WOS:000179726700002
PM 11231881
ER
PT J
AU Tsang, RW
Solow, HL
Ananthanarayan, C
Haley, S
AF Tsang, RW
Solow, HL
Ananthanarayan, C
Haley, S
TI Daily general anaesthesia for radiotherapy in unco-operative patients:
Ingredients for successful management
SO CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; general anaesthesia; Hodgkin's disease; propofol; radiation
therapy
ID RADIATION-THERAPY; HODGKINS-DISEASE; PULMONARY TOXICITY; ANESTHESIA;
PROPOFOL; BLEOMYCIN; CHILDREN; RADIOSURGERY; TOLERANCE; OXYGEN
AB An unco-operative patient requiring daily radiation therapy presents a difficult clinical problem. After reviewing the paediatric oncology literature addressing the use of general anaesthesia for short medical procedures, we have developed checklists of procedural guidelines and monitoring equipment for the safe use of daily anaesthesia in adult patients who require a fractionated course of radiation therapy. We illustrate this by describing the successful treatment of a woman with autism and Hodgkin's disease who required daily general anaesthesia for immobilization during a 4-week course of radiation therapy. Propofol was used as the primary drug and was not associated with any adverse side-effects. There was no development of tolerance.
C1 Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
Markham Stouffville Hosp, Markham, ON, Canada.
Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
RP Tsang, RW (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Princess Margaret Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, 610 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0936-6555
J9 CLIN ONCOL-UK
JI Clin. Oncol.
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 6
BP 416
EP 421
DI 10.1007/s001740170004
PG 6
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 517WG
UT WOS:000173633000004
PM 11824877
ER
PT J
AU DeStefano, F
Chen, RT
AF DeStefano, F
Chen, RT
TI Autism and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination - Controversy laid to rest?
SO CNS DRUGS
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; VIRUS; DISORDER; CHILDREN; ABSENCE; EVENTS;
CAUSAL
AB It has been suggested that vaccination, particularly with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, may be related to the development of autism. The main evidence for a possible association is that the prevalence of autism has been increasing at the same time that infant vaccination coverage has increased, and that in some cases there is an apparent temporal association in which autistic characteristics are first noted shortly after vaccination. Although the prevalence of autism and similar disorders appears to have increased recently, it is not clear if this is an actual increase or the result of increased recognition and changes in diagnostic criteria. The apparent onset of autism in close proximity to vaccination may be a coincidental temporal association. The clinical evidence in support of an association derives from a series of 12 patients with inflammatory bowel conditions and regressive developmental disorders, mostly autism. The possibility that measles vaccine may cause autism through a persistent bowel infection has generated much interest, since it provides a possible biological mechanism. Epidemiological studies, however, have not found an association between MMR vaccination and autism. The epidemiological findings are consistent with current understanding of the pathogenesis of autism, which has a strong genetic component and in which the neurological defects probably occur early in embryonic development. It seems unlikely that a vaccination that is given after birth could cause autism. A minority of cases of autism may have onset after I year of age (regressive autism), but the single epidemiological study that included such cases did not find an association with MMR vaccination. Currently, the weight of the available epidemiological and related evidence does not support a causal association between MMR vaccine, or any other vaccine or vaccine constituent, and autism.
C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
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WAKEFIELD AJ, 2000, ADVERSE DRUG REACT T, V19, P1
Wakefield AJ, 2000, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V95, P2285
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 11
PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD
PI AUCKLAND
PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW
ZEALAND
SN 1172-7047
J9 CNS DRUGS
JI CNS Drugs
PY 2001
VL 15
IS 11
BP 831
EP 837
DI 10.2165/00023210-200115110-00002
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 497UT
UT WOS:000172474400002
PM 11700148
ER
PT S
AU Werry, I
Dautenhahn, K
Ogden, B
Harwin, W
AF Werry, I
Dautenhahn, K
Ogden, B
Harwin, W
BE Beynon, M
Nehaniv, CL
Dautenhahn, K
TI Can social interaction skills be taught by a social agent? The role of a
robotic mediator in autism therapy
SO COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGY: INSTRUMENTS OF MIND, PROCEEDINGS
SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Cognitive Technology - Instruments of
Mind
CY AUG 06-09, 2001
CL COVENTRY, ENGLAND
HO UNIV WARWICK
ID CHILDREN
AB Increasingly socially intelligent agents (software or robotic) are used in education, rehabilitation and therapy. This paper discusses the role of interactive, mobile robots as social mediators in the particular domain of autism therapy. This research is part of the project AURORA that studies how mobile robots can be used to teach children with autism basic interaction skills that are important in social interactions among humans. Results from a particular series of trials involving pairs of two children and a mobile robot are described. The results show that the scenario with pairs of children and a robot creates a very interesting social context which gives rise to a variety of different social and non-social interaction patterns, demonstrating the specific problems but also abilities of children with autism in social interactions. Future work will include a closer analysis of interactional structure in human-human and robot-human interaction. We outline a particular framework that we are investigating.
C1 Univ Reading, Dept Cybernet, Reading RG6 6AY, Berks, England.
Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
RP Werry, I (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Cybernet, POB 225, Reading RG6 6AY, Berks, England.
RI Harwin, William/N-1148-2014
OI Harwin, William/0000-0002-3928-3381
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NR 46
TC 26
Z9 26
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 3-540-42406-7
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2001
VL 2117
BP 57
EP 74
PG 18
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA BU09Z
UT WOS:000175011000006
ER
PT S
AU Dautenhahn, K
AF Dautenhahn, K
BE Beynon, M
Nehaniv, CL
Dautenhahn, K
TI The narrative intelligence hypothesis: In search of the transactional
format of narratives in humans and other social animals
SO COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGY: INSTRUMENTS OF MIND, PROCEEDINGS
SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Cognitive Technology - Instruments of
Mind
CY AUG 06-09, 2001
CL COVENTRY, ENGLAND
HO UNIV WARWICK
ID ORIGINS; SIZE
AB This article discusses narrative intelligence in the context of the evolution of primate (social) intelligence, and with respect to the particular cognitive limits that constrain the development of human social networks and societies. The Narrative Intelligence Hypothesis suggests that the evolutionary origin of communicating in a narrative format co-evolved with increasingly complex social dynamics among our human ancestors. This article gives examples of social interactions in non-human primates and how these interactions can be interpreted in terms of nonverbal narratives. The particular format of preverbal narrative that infants learn through transactions with others is important for the development of communication and social skills. A possible impairment of the construction of narrative formats in children with autism is discussed. Implications of the Narrative Intelligence Hypothesis for research into communication and social interactions in animals and robots are outlined. The article concludes by discussing implications for humane technology development.
C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
RP Dautenhahn, K (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
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NR 64
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 3-540-42406-7
J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT
PY 2001
VL 2117
BP 248
EP 266
PG 19
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA BU09Z
UT WOS:000175011000025
ER
PT J
AU Raj, BKM
Roginski, RS
Finkernagel, SW
Sciorra, LJ
AF Raj, BKM
Roginski, RS
Finkernagel, SW
Sciorra, LJ
TI Assignment of GRINL1B, a glutamate receptor-like processed gene, to
human chromosome 4q12 by in situ hybridization
SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM
C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
St Peters Coll, Dept Biol, Jersey City, NJ USA.
RP Roginski, RS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, Clin Acad Bldg,Suite 3100,125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
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*IMGSAC, 1998, GENET, V7, P571
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NR 6
TC 0
Z9 1
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0301-0171
J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET
JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet.
PY 2001
VL 95
IS 3-4
BP 238
EP 239
PG 2
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 566CB
UT WOS:000176408300020
ER
PT J
AU Smith, M
Escamilla, JR
Filipek, P
Bocian, ME
Modahl, C
Flodman, P
Spence, MA
AF Smith, M
Escamilla, JR
Filipek, P
Bocian, ME
Modahl, C
Flodman, P
Spence, MA
TI Molecular genetic delineation of 2q37.3 deletion in autism and
osteodystrophy: report of a case and of new markers for deletion
screening by PCR
SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEPARAN-SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY
OSTEODYSTROPHY; DEVELOPING NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
KH-DOMAIN; CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS; RNA-BINDING; EXPRESSION; DISORDER
AB We recently studied a patient who meets criteria for autistic disorder and has a 2q37 deletion. Molecular cytogenetic studies were carried out using DNA isolated from 22 different 2q37 mapped BACs to more precisely define the extent of the chromosome deletion. We also analyzed 2q37 mapped polymorphic markers. In addition DNA sequences of BACs in the deletion region were scanned to identify microsatellite repeats. We describe four new polymorphic microsatellite repeat markers in the 2q37.3 region. These markers enabled us to determine the parental origin of the deletion in our patient. DNA from 8-13 unrelated individuals was used to determine heterozygosity estimates for these markers. We review four genes deleted in our patient - genes whose known functions and sites of expression in the brain and/or bone make them candidates for involvement in autism and/or the osteodystrophy observed in patients with 2q37.3 deletions. Copyright (C) 2001 S. KargerAG, Basel.
C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Smith, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Med Sci 1 Room C237, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
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NR 45
TC 37
Z9 38
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0301-0171
J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET
JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet.
PY 2001
VL 94
IS 1-2
BP 15
EP 22
DI 10.1159/000048775
PG 8
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 496BU
UT WOS:000172375600003
PM 11701947
ER
PT J
AU Roginski, RS
Raj, BKM
Finkernagel, SW
Sciorra, LJ
AF Roginski, RS
Raj, BKM
Finkernagel, SW
Sciorra, LJ
TI Assignment of an ionotropic glutamate receptor-like gene (GRINL1A) to
human chromosome 15q22.1 by in situ hybridization
SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM
C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
RP Roginski, RS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesiol, Clin Acad Bldg,Suite 3100,125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
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Talmadge CB, 1998, HUM GENET, V103, P523, DOI 10.1007/s004390050861
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 7
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0301-0171
J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET
JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet.
PY 2001
VL 93
IS 1-2
BP 143
EP 144
DI 10.1159/000056971
PG 2
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 457XU
UT WOS:000170163600035
PM 11474202
ER
PT J
AU Agathon, M
AF Agathon, M
TI Children with autism and asperger syndrome: a guide for practionners and
carers.
SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE
LA French
DT Book Review
CR Howlin P, 1998, CHILDREN AUTISM ASPE
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS CEDEX 15
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE
SN 0014-3855
J9 EVOL PSYCHIATR
JI Evol. Psychiatr.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2001
VL 66
IS 1
BP 171
EP 171
PG 1
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 421YZ
UT WOS:000168092300042
ER
PT J
AU Agathon, M
AF Agathon, M
TI Teaching children with autism to mind-read: a practical guide.
SO EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE
LA French
DT Book Review
CR Howlin P., 1999, TEACHING CHILDREN AU
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS CEDEX 15
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE
SN 0014-3855
J9 EVOL PSYCHIATR
JI Evol. Psychiatr.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2001
VL 66
IS 1
BP 171
EP 171
PG 1
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 421YZ
UT WOS:000168092300043
ER
PT J
AU Niklasson, L
Rasmussen, P
Oskarsdottir, S
Gillberg, C
AF Niklasson, L
Rasmussen, P
Oskarsdottir, S
Gillberg, C
TI Neuropsychiatric disorders in the 22q11 deletion syndrome
SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE 22q11 deletion syndrome; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder;
deficits in attention; motor control; and perception (DAMP); autism;
nonverbal learning disorder
ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
LEARNING-DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SPECTRUM; ADULTS; VCFS
AB Purpose: This study was undertaken with a view to establishing the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders in the 22q11 deletion syndrome. Methods: Thirty-two children and young adults with genetically confirmed 22q11 deletion were given comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessments. Results: Altogether, 56% had a neuropsychiatric disorder. Only 6% were of normal IQ and free of psychiatric disorder. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed in 44% and 31% had an autism spectrum problem. In 16% criteria for both these diagnoses were met, fifty-three percent had mental retardation, often with a test-profile suggesting a nonverbal learning disorder. Conclusion: The findings imply that a majority of children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome are in need of neuropsychiatric assessment and intervention.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Niklasson, L (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Kungsgatan 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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NR 31
TC 84
Z9 85
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1098-3600
J9 GENET MED
JI Genet. Med.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2001
VL 3
IS 1
BP 79
EP 84
DI 10.1097/00125817-200101000-00017
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 409QB
UT WOS:000167393400017
PM 11339385
ER
PT J
AU Huang, J
Vieland, VJ
AF Huang, J
Vieland, VJ
TI Comparison of 'model-free' and 'model-based' linkage statistics in the
presence of locus heterogeneity: Single data set and multiple data set
applications
SO HUMAN HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE locus heterogeneity; model-free test; model-based test; multiple samples
ID LOD SCORE ANALYSIS; GENOMIC SCREEN; AUTISM; INHERITANCE; TRAITS; PAIRS
AB Earlier work [Knapp et al.: Hum Hered 1994;44:44-51] focusing on affected sib pair (ASP) data established the equivalence between the mean test and a test based on a simple recessive lod score, as well as equivalences between certain forms of the maximum likelihood score (MLS) statistic [Risch: Am J Hum Genet 1990;46:242-253] and particular forms of the lod score. Here we extend the results of Knapp et al, [1994] by reconsidering these equivalences for ASP data, but in the presence of locus heterogeneity. We show that Risch's MLS statistic under the possible triangle constraints [Holmans: Am J Hum Genet 1993;52:362-374] is locally equivalent to the ordinary heterogeneity rod score assuming a simple recessive model (HLOD/R); while the one-parameter MLS assuming no dominance variance is locally equivalent to the (homogeneity) recessive led. The companion paper (this issue, pp 199-208) showed that when considering multiple data sets in the presence of locus heterogeneity, the HLOD can suffer appreciable losses in power. We show here that in ASP data, these equivalences ensure that this same loss in power is incurred by both forms of the MLS statistic as well, The companion paper also introduced an adaptation of the led, the compound lod score (HLOD/C). We confirm that the HLOD/C maintains higher power than these 'model-free' methods when applied to multiple heterogeneous data sets, even when it is calculated assuming the wrong genetic model. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Univ Iowa, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
RP Huang, J (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, 241 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
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NR 24
TC 33
Z9 34
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0001-5652
J9 HUM HERED
JI Hum. Hered.
PY 2001
VL 51
IS 4
BP 217
EP 225
DI 10.1159/000053345
PG 9
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 420EZ
UT WOS:000167992700005
PM 11287743
ER
PT J
AU Astington, JW
Barriault, T
AF Astington, JW
Barriault, T
TI Children's theory of mind: How young children come to understand that
people have thoughts and feelings
SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; developmental delay; early identification; early intervention;
individual differences; social cognition
ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FALSE BELIEF; AUTISM; KNOWLEDGE; EMOTION;
PERFORMANCE; DECEPTION; LANGUAGE; TASK
AB Children's theory of mind underlies their ability to explain and predict human behavior by taking into account a person's thoughts and feelings. It develops in the first 5 years of life, beginning with joint attention in infancy. The 3-year-old child understands that there is a difference between thoughts in the mind and things in the world and is aware of people's wants, feelings, and perceptions. The 5-year-old child understands false belief, and realizes that thoughts in the mind may not be true. Some recent work investigated individual differences in theory-of-mind development, showing antecedents of false-belief understanding in general language skills, pretend play, and style of family interaction. There is less work on the consequences of typical theory of mind development, but a large body of work demonstrating the consequences of its absence, particularly in autism. The article discusses the implications of this new area of developmental research for clinical practice and describes a screening tool and a teaching manual.
C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Human Dev & Appl Psychol, Inst Child Study, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Astington, JW (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Human Dev & Appl Psychol, Inst Child Study, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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NR 59
TC 6
Z9 12
PU ASPEN PUBL INC
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 200 ORCHARD RIDGE DR, STE 200, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20878 USA
SN 0896-3746
J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD
JI Infants Young Child.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 13
IS 3
BP 1
EP 12
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 383ZN
UT WOS:000165914700003
ER
PT J
AU Baruch, Y
AF Baruch, Y
TI The autistic society
SO INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE information systems; information technology; autism; communication;
society
ID INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; ELECTRONIC MAIL; COMMUNICATION
AB Information technology has a profound effect on individuals, organizations, and society. Whereas most of its impact is positive, there might be some negative side-effects. This paper argues that to a certain extent, society has developed in a way that resembles autism, which is concerned with the manner people react and communicate. In particular, excessive use of IT and computers might cause Western societies to acquire characteristics of autism. Signs of this can be found in a variety of domains, such as telecommuting or Internet addiction. Cultural considerations must be put in place if we wish to keep a balance between private and public life. Implications for individuals, organizations and society are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Management, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
RP Baruch, Y (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Management, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
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NR 51
TC 13
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7206
J9 INFORM MANAGE
JI Inf. Manage.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 3
BP 129
EP 136
DI 10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00067-7
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library
Science; Management
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business &
Economics
GA 381JA
UT WOS:000165757900001
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, SJ
AF Rogers, SJ
TI Diagnosis of autism before the age of 3
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADI-R; ATTACHMENT; SYMPTOMS; INFANCY; COMMUNICATION;
STABILITY
C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
RP Rogers, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
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Wetherby AM, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P79
NR 70
TC 27
Z9 27
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 1
EP 31
PG 31
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200001
ER
PT J
AU Horvath, K
Tildon, JT
AF Horvath, K
Tildon, JT
TI The role of secretin in autistic spectrum disorders
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE; CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE;
TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; BLOOD
SEROTONIN; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; PRECURSOR GENE; GUT HORMONES; BRAIN
C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Horvath, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
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NR 88
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 33
EP 56
PG 24
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200002
ER
PT J
AU Stodgell, CJ
Ingram, JL
Hyman, SL
AF Stodgell, CJ
Ingram, JL
Hyman, SL
TI The role of candidate genes in unraveling the genetics of autism
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5-HTT;
FRAGILE-X SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; POSSIBLE
ASSOCIATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
RP Stodgell, CJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
RI Stodgell, Christopher/A-1161-2007
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 126
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 57
EP 81
PG 25
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200003
ER
PT J
AU Volkmar, FR
Klin, A
AF Volkmar, FR
Klin, A
TI Asperger's disorder and higher functioning autism: Same or different?
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EMOTIONAL LEARNING-DISABILITIES;
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; ADULT LIFE; CHILDHOOD;
ADOLESCENT; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; DIAGNOSIS
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
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World Health Organization, 1993, INT CLASS DIS
NR 105
TC 12
Z9 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 83
EP 110
PG 28
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200004
ER
PT J
AU Minshew, NJ
Johnson, C
Luna, B
AF Minshew, NJ
Johnson, C
Luna, B
TI The cognitive and neural basis of autism: A disorder of complex
information processing and dysfunction of neocortical systems
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PREFRONTAL CORTEX;
IMPAIRED CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; WORKING-MEMORY;
INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; TOMOGRAPHY
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Minshew, NJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RI Luna, Beatriz/F-1201-2010
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NR 66
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 111
EP 138
PG 28
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200005
ER
PT J
AU Mundy, P
Neal, AR
AF Mundy, P
Neal, AR
TI Neural plasticity, joint attention, and a transactional social-orienting
model of autism
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; 10-MONTH-OLD
INFANTS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN;
MIND; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION
C1 Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Mundy, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, POB 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
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NR 132
TC 113
Z9 116
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 139
EP 168
PG 30
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200006
ER
PT S
AU Baron-Cohen, S
AF Baron-Cohen, S
BE Glidden, LM
TI Theory of mind and autism: A review
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE International Review of Research in Mental Retardation
LA English
DT Article
ID NORMALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS;
ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SYMBOLIC PLAY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CENTRAL COHERENCE;
UNDERSTAND; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; DECEPTION
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England.
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NR 94
TC 97
Z9 97
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
BN 0-12-366223-0
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
JI Int. Rev. Res. Ment. Retard.
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 169
EP 184
PG 16
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200007
ER
PT J
AU Tager-Flusberg, H
AF Tager-Flusberg, H
TI Understanding the language and communicative impairments in autism
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; NORMAL-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; DOWNS-SYNDROME;
IMMEDIATE ECHOLALIA; FOLLOW-UP; ACQUISITION; SPEECH; COMPREHENSION;
DEFICITS
C1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Waltham, MA 02154 USA.
RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA.
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NR 117
TC 31
Z9 31
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 185
EP 205
PG 21
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200008
ER
PT J
AU Kasari, C
Freeman, SFN
Paparella, T
AF Kasari, C
Freeman, SFN
Paparella, T
TI Early intervention in autism: Joint attention and symbolic play
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; SOCIODRAMATIC PLAY; DISABILITIES; PRESCHOOL;
SPEECH; SCHOOL; AGE
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
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NR 76
TC 32
Z9 32
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 207
EP 237
PG 31
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200009
ER
PT J
AU Dissanayake, C
Sigman, M
AF Dissanayake, C
Sigman, M
TI Attachment and emotional responsiveness in children with autism
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; FAMILY
HOME MOVIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SOCIAL
DEFICITS; JOINT ATTENTION; RESPONSES; RECOGNITION
C1 La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Neuropsychiat, Dept Child Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Dissanayake, C (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
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NR 110
TC 11
Z9 11
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 239
EP 266
PG 28
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200010
ER
PT J
AU Seltzer, MM
Krauss, MW
Orsmond, GI
Vestal, C
AF Seltzer, MM
Krauss, MW
Orsmond, GI
Vestal, C
TI Families of adolescents and adults with autism: Uncharted territory
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION, VOL 23
SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; COGNITIVE DISABILITIES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME;
DOWNS-SYNDROME; PARENTS
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
Univ Wisconsin, Sch Social Work, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Waltham, MA 02545 USA.
Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Seltzer, MM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
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NR 98
TC 22
Z9 22
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0074-7750
J9 INT REV RES MENT RET
PY 2001
VL 23
BP 267
EP 294
PG 28
WC Education, Special; Psychology; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA BR12F
UT WOS:000165696200011
ER
PT J
AU Cohen, DJ
AF Cohen, DJ
TI Into life: Autism, Tourette's syndrome and the community of clinical
research
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
RP Cohen, DJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
NR 0
TC 5
Z9 6
PU GEFEN PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD
PI JERUSALEM
PA PO BOX 36004, JERUSALEM 91360, ISRAEL
SN 0333-7308
J9 ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT
JI Isr. J. Psychiatr. Relat. Sci.
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 3-4
BP 226
EP 234
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 486TF
UT WOS:000171832500008
PM 11725420
ER
PT J
AU Craig, J
Baron-Cohen, S
Scott, F
AF Craig, J
Baron-Cohen, S
Scott, F
TI Drawing ability in autism: A window into the imagination
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND RELATED SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; CHILDREN
AB This study investigated imagination via drawing tasks, in 15 children with autism and 15 children with Asperger Syndrome, compared to verbal mental age matched normal children and children with moderate learning difficulties (MLD). Experiment 1 used the Draw an Impossible Man Task. While children with autism were impaired relative to the normal group, they were not impaired relative to the children with MLD. In order to probe for an imagination deficit, Experiment 2 employed a more challenging measure of imaginative drawing, a task involving mixing categories to produce drawings of real or unreal entities (e.g., drawing half-fish/half-mouse). This revealed an autism-specific deficit. Experiment 3 confirmed this was not due to difficulties in combining elements per se. Experiment 4 required subjects to transform a picture (e.g., a cloud into a swan) and again found an autism-specific deficit. Children with Asperger Syndrome were only impaired when required to make such transformations spontaneously.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB3 3EB, England.
Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB3 3EB, England.
RP Craig, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Autism Res Ctr, Downing St, Cambridge CB3 3EB, England.
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NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
PU GEFEN PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD
PI JERUSALEM
PA PO BOX 36004, JERUSALEM 91360, ISRAEL
SN 0333-7308
J9 ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT
JI Isr. J. Psychiatr. Relat. Sci.
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 3-4
BP 242
EP 253
PG 12
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 486TF
UT WOS:000171832500012
PM 11725423
ER
PT J
AU Einat, H
Belmaker, RH
AF Einat, H
Belmaker, RH
TI The effects of inositol treatment in animal models of psychiatric
disorders
SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE inositol; animal models; depression; anxiety; second messengers
ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; CSF INOSITOL; DOUBLE-BLIND; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY;
CONTROLLED TRIAL; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; BRAIN; RATS; SCHIZOPHRENIA
AB Clinical trials indicate th;lt inositol may be effective in the treatment of patients with depression, panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), but not in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, ADHD or autism. This spectrum of clinical action parallels that of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bur inositol is a precursor in the phosphatidylinositol cycle, a second messenger system distal to the receptor for 5HT-2. To study its mechanism of therapeutic action there is a need to test inositol's activity in animal models of psychopathology. In rats, chronic inositol was demonstrated to increase activity levels, reduce immobility time in the forced swim test and in the reserpine-induced hypoactivity models: of depression, and reduce anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze. The reduction in anxiety-like behaviors appears to be related to baseline levels of activity. Inositol treatment was not observed to have any effect on amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, apomorphine-induced stereotypy, or on the performance of memory tasks by monkeys. Clinical controlled trials of inositol in patients with depression, panic disorder, and OCD were small, and positive psychoactive effects in animals clearly strengthen the case for further clinical trials and potential for general therapeutic use in humans. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Minist Hlth, Mental Hlth Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel.
RP Belmaker, RH (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Minist Hlth, Mental Hlth Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel.
EM belmaker@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
RI Einat, Haim/A-7203-2009
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NR 44
TC 27
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0327
J9 J AFFECT DISORDERS
JI J. Affect. Disord.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 62
IS 1-2
BP 113
EP 121
DI 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00355-4
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 403NJ
UT WOS:000167049100012
PM 11172878
ER
PT J
AU Adamson, LB
McArthur, D
Markov, Y
Dunbar, B
Bakeman, R
AF Adamson, LB
McArthur, D
Markov, Y
Dunbar, B
Bakeman, R
TI Autism and joint attention: Young children's responses to maternal bids
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Infant Studies
CY APR, 1998
CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA
DE joint attention; autism; mother-child interaction
ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; COMMUNICATION; EMOTIONS;
BEHAVIOR; DISORDER; MOTHERS; INFANTS
AB Problems with joint attention are an early manifestation of autism. Young boys with and without autism were observed communicating with their mothers in contexts that afforded commenting, requesting, and interacting. Mothers of autistic sons made as many attention-regulating bids as mothers of typically developing sons, and these bids did not differ significantly in duration. However, fewer occurred in commenting contexts, and they were less likely to rely on purely conventional means. Their sons accepted fewer bids, and they more often appeared unaware of a bid. These findings are discussed using a transactional view of communicative problems in autism in which a child's difficulty regulating shared attention prompts adults to augment conventional communication with literal, object-focused acts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
RP Adamson, LB (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Univ Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
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NR 33
TC 26
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0193-3973
J9 J APPL DEV PSYCHOL
JI J. Appl. Dev. Psychol.
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 4
BP 439
EP 453
DI 10.1016/S0193-3973(01)00089-2
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 467FK
UT WOS:000170691600006
ER
PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
AF Baron-Cohen, S
TI Autism and pervasive developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge, England.
Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge, England.
CR Baron-Cohen S., 1998, AUTISM, V2, P296, DOI 10.1177/1362361398023008
Baron-Cohen S, 1997, AUTISM INT J RES PRA, V1, P153
Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY
Rutter M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P537, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099003935
VOLKMAR F, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV
WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BILD PUBLICATIONS
PI CLEVEDON
PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON BS21 7SJ, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 1
BP 72
EP 74
DI 10.1046/j.1468-3148.2001.00043.x
PG 3
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 423WA
UT WOS:000168199700009
ER
PT J
AU Carr, D
AF Carr, D
TI Parents' education as autism therapists: Applied behaviour analysis in
context
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Welsh Ctr Learning Disabil, Appl Res Unit, Cardiff CF14 3BG, S Glam, Wales.
RP Carr, D (reprint author), Welsh Ctr Learning Disabil, Appl Res Unit, North Rd, Cardiff CF14 3BG, S Glam, Wales.
RI turton, miranda/F-4682-2011
CR Howlin P, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002138
Keenan M., 2000, PARENTS ED AUTISM TH
Matson JL, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P433, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(96)00030-3
MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BILD PUBLICATIONS
PI CLEVEDON
PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL VICTORIA RD, CLEVEDON BS21 7SJ, AVON,
ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 2
BP 157
EP 160
DI 10.1046/j.1468-3148.2001.0044b.x
PG 4
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 450UN
UT WOS:000169763300008
ER
PT J
AU Hastings, RP
Mount, RH
AF Hastings, RP
Mount, RH
TI Early correlates of behavioural and emotional problems in children and
adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities: A preliminary study
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS;
POPULATION PREVALENCE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; DIFFICULTIES;
AUTISM
AB Research and theory on behaviour problems in children with intellectual disabilities (IDS) have tended to focus on maintaining variables and present correlates of disorder. The present study focused on potential early correlates of behavioural problems. The parents of 188 children attending schools for those with 'severe learning difficulties' completed the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC), and a questionnaire asking for demographic details and information about present and early correlates (i.e. epilepsy and physical ability, and early developmental progress, early feeding problems and obstetric complications). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore whether potential early correlates from infancy could add to the prediction of behaviour problems from established correlates and diagnostic variables. Potential early correlates across all of the DBC domains did not add significantly to the prediction of behaviour problems. However, there were effects of sex, physical ability and diagnostic categories. A number of methodological factors (i.e. poor response rate, focus only on severe ID and retrospective data collection) are discussed in terms of how they impact on the results. However, analyses of large samples such as that reported in the present study may still provide a useful addition to research on the early development of behaviour problems. Such data may help in the identification of children at risk who may benefit from early intervention.
C1 Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Ctr Behav Res Anal & Intervent Dev Disabil, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
RP Hastings, RP (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Dept Psychol, Ctr Behav Res Anal & Intervent Dev Disabil, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
EM rph@soton.ac.uk
RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013
OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270
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NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PY 2001
VL 14
IS 4
BP 381
EP 391
DI 10.1046/j.13602322.2001.00079.x
PG 11
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 502YP
UT WOS:000172770600006
ER
PT J
AU Trevarthen, C
Aitken, KJ
AF Trevarthen, C
Aitken, KJ
TI Infant intersubjectivity: Research, theory, and clinical applications
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE infant intersubjectivity; parent-infant communication; developmental
disorders; pathologies of empathy; therapies
ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TO-FACE INTERACTION;
CEREBRO-CRANIOFACIAL DYSMORPHOGENESIS; BRAIN ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY; 6-YEAR
FOLLOW-UP; THEORY-OF-MIND; MOTHER-INFANT; DEPRESSED MOTHERS
AB We review research evidence on the emergence and development of active "self-and-other" awareness in infancy, and examine the importance of its motives and emotions to mental health practice with children. This relates to how communication begins and develops in infancy, how it influences the individual subject's movement, perception, and learning, and how the infant's biologically grounded self-regulation of internal slate and self-conscious purposefulness is sustained through active engagement with sympathetic others. Mutual self-other-consciousness is found to play the lead role in developing a child's cooperative intelligence for cultural learning and language, A variety of preconceptions have animated rival research traditions investigating infant communication and cognition. We distinguish the concept of "intersubjectivity", and outline the history of its use in developmental research.
The transforming body and brain of a human individual grows in active engagement with an environment of human factors-organic at first, then psychological or inter-mental. Adaptive, human-responsive processes are generated first by interneuronal activity within the developing brain as formation of the human embryo is regulated in a support-system of maternal tissues. Neural structures are further elaborated with the benefit of intra-uterine stimuli in the foetus, then supported in the rapidly growing forebrain and cerebellum of the young child by experience of the intuitive responses of parents and other human companions. We focus particularly on intrinsic patterns and processes in pre-natal and post-natal brain maturation that anticipate psychosocial support in infancy. The operation of an intrinsic motive formation (IMF) that developed in the core of the brain before birth is evident in the tightly integrated intermodal sensory-motor coordination of a newborn infant's orienting to stimuli and preferential learning of human signals, by the temporal coherence and intrinsic rhythms of infant behaviour, especially in communication, and neonates' extraordinary capacities for reactive and evocative imitation. The correct functioning of this integrated neural motivating system is found to be essential to the development of both the infant's purposeful consciousness and his or her ability to cooperate with other persons' actions and interests, and to learn from them.
The relevance of infants' inherent intersubjectivity to major child mental health issues is highlighted by examining selected areas of clinical concern. We review recent findings on postnatal depression, prematurity, autism, ADHD, specific language impairments, and central auditory processing deficits, and comment on the efficacy of interventions that aim to support intrinsic motives for intersubjective communication when these are not developing normally.
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RP Trevarthen, C (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, 7 George Sq, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland.
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NR 621
TC 368
Z9 382
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-9630
EI 1469-7610
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 42
IS 1
BP 3
EP 48
DI 10.1017/S0021963001006552
PG 46
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 428LB
UT WOS:000168462200002
PM 11205623
ER
PT J
AU Coupland, NJ
AF Coupland, NJ
TI Social phobia: Etiology, neurobiology, and treatment
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY;
MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIRECT-INTERVIEW FAMILY; DSM-III-R;
PANIC DISORDER; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN AMYGDALA;
HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS
AB Social phobia is a common and often disabling condition, with an etiology that is not established. There is evidence at several levels for an interplay of biological and psychological processes in social phobia. Genetic studies show that both genetic and environmental factors are important, with evidence pointing to associations with 2 genetic conditions, autism and fragile X syndrome. Behavioral inhibition has emerged as an important precursor to social phobia and possibly to other anxiety disorders. Epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that factors within the family environment, such as overprotection, overcontrol, modeling of anxiety, criticism, and in some cases abuse, can play a role in the development of social phobia. During childhood, complex interactions between brain system disturbances that mediate responses to negative social cues and factors in the social setting may lead to the development of a distorted set of internal "blueprints" for social behavior. The impact of severe social anxiety on brain systems that mediate behavioral change may prevent patients from learning better "blueprints." These can be taught through cognitive-behavioral therapies. The effective control of social anxiety with medications enables patients to recover; whether recovery can last after discontinuation of medications may depend on whether a new "blueprint" has been developed and whether stable changes in affected brain systems have occurred. Neuroimaging techniques are at early stage of identifying abnormalities at the neurotransmitter and systems levels.
C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Psychiat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada.
RP Coupland, NJ (reprint author), Walter MacKenzie Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Room 1E713,8440 112th St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
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NR 109
TC 18
Z9 18
PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS
PI MEMPHIS
PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA
SN 0160-6689
J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT
JI J. Clin. Psychiatry
PY 2001
VL 62
SU 1
BP 25
EP 35
PG 11
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 397JD
UT WOS:000166691800005
PM 11206031
ER
PT J
AU Rotheram-Borus, MJ
Bickford, B
Milburn, NG
AF Rotheram-Borus, MJ
Bickford, B
Milburn, NG
TI Implementing a classroom-based social skills training program in middle
childhood
SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPRESSED EMOTION; CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; DISORDERS; AUTISM
AB Although social skills training (SST) programs have been shown to improve children's long-term developmental outcomes, school personnel are not typically able to implement such programs. This article outlines the institutional and organizational supports, trainer selection criteria, and the training needed for school counselors to successfully implement and sustain a SST program for children. Social skills programs will only become routine in the classroom if the school setting provides administrative support for skills training, and structures to encourage implementation of SST programs (especially substantial and ongoing training based in the classroom setting). In addition to organizational level considerations, SST trainers need to be socially competent, be able to manage children in small groups, be familiar with the theoretical model underlying the SST program, have the opportunity to practice delivering the program, and have positive attitudes toward delivering the program. The procedures for selecting, training, monitoring, and evaluating school counselors who are SST trainers are described.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Community Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Rotheram-Borus, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Community Hlth, 10920 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
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NR 56
TC 2
Z9 2
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 1047-4412
J9 J EDUC PSYCHOL CONS
JI J. Educ. Psychol. Consult.
PY 2001
VL 12
IS 2
BP 91
EP 111
DI 10.1207/S1532768XJEPC1202_02
PG 21
WC Psychology, Educational
SC Psychology
GA 455VN
UT WOS:000170048600002
ER
PT J
AU Ungaro, P
Christian, SL
Fantes, JA
Mutirangura, A
Black, S
Reynolds, J
Malcolm, S
Dobyns, WB
Ledbetter, DH
AF Ungaro, P
Christian, SL
Fantes, JA
Mutirangura, A
Black, S
Reynolds, J
Malcolm, S
Dobyns, WB
Ledbetter, DH
TI Molecular characterisation of four cases of intrachromosomal
triplication of chromosome 15q11-q14
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE chromosome 15 triplication; Prader-Willi syndrome; Angelman syndrome;
autism
ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; SYNDROME CRITICAL REGION; WILLI/ANGELMAN SYNDROME
REGION; INV DUP(15) CHROMOSOMES; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; PROXIMAL 15Q;
INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; DNA METHYLATION;
EXPRESSED GENE
AB Context-Chromosomal abnormalities that involve the proximal region of chromosome 15q occur relatively frequently in the human population. However, interstitial triplications involving one 15 homologue are very rare with three cases reported to date.
Objective-To provide a detailed molecular characterisation of four additional patients with interstitial triplications of chromosome 15q11-q14.
Design-Molecular analyses were performed using DNA markers and probes specific for the 15q11-q14 region.
Setting-Molecular cytogenetics laboratory at the University of Chicago.
Subjects-Four patients with mild to severe mental retardation and features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS) were referred for molecular cytogenetic analysis following identification of a suspected duplication/triplication of chromosome 15q11-q14 by routine cytogenetic analysis.
Main outcome measures fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed to determine the type of chromosomal abnormality present, the extent of the abnormal region, and the orientation of the extra chromosomal segments. Molecular polymorphism analysis was performed to determine the parental origin of the abnormality. Methylation and northern blot analyses of the SNRPN gene were performed to determine the effect of extra copies of the SNRPN gene on its methylation pattern and expression.
Results-Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using probes within and flanking the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region indicated that all patients carried an intrachromosomal triplication of proximal 15q11-q14 in one of the two chromosome 15 homologues (trip(15)). In all patients the orientation of the triplicated segments was normal-inverted-normal, suggesting that a common mechanism of rearrangement may have been involved. Microsatellite analysis showed the parental origin of the trip(15) to be maternal in three cases and paternal in one case. The paternal triplication patient had features similar to PWS, one maternal triplication patient had features similar to AS, and the other two maternal triplication patients had non-specific findings including hypotonia and mental retardation. Methylation analysis at exon 1 of the SNRPN locus showed increased dosage of either the paternal or maternal bands in the paternal or maternal triplication patients, respectively, suggesting that the methylation pattern shows a dose dependent increase that correlates with the parental origin of the triplication. In addition, the expression of SNRPN was analysed by northern blotting and expression levels were consistent with dosage and parental origin of the triplication.
Conclusions-These four additional cases of trip(15) will provide additional information towards understanding the phenotypic effects of this abnormality and aid in understanding the mechanism of formation of other chromosome 15 rearrangements.
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Anat, Genet Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.
Genet & IVF Inst, Fairfax, VA 22039 USA.
Shodair Hosp, Helena, MT USA.
UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Clin & Mol Genet Unit, London, England.
RP Ledbetter, DH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, 920 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dhl@genetics.uchicago.edu
RI Mutirangura, Apiwat /C-8197-2009
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NR 49
TC 58
Z9 58
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 38
IS 1
BP 26
EP 34
DI 10.1136/jmg.38.1.26
PG 9
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 389AN
UT WOS:000166215500005
PM 11134237
ER
PT J
AU Linday, LA
Tsiouris, JA
Cohen, IL
Shindledecker, R
DeCresce, R
AF Linday, LA
Tsiouris, JA
Cohen, IL
Shindledecker, R
DeCresce, R
TI Famotidine treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorders: pilot
research using single subject research design
SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 152nd Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association
CY MAY 15-20, 1999
CL WASHINGTON, D.C.
SP Amer Psychiat Assoc
DE autism; pervasive developmental disorder; histamine-2 receptor
antagonist
ID ADJUNCTIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; CONTROLLED
CROSSOVER; OPEN-LABEL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; NALTREXONE; HISTAMINE; DISEASE;
BRAIN; ESOPHAGITIS
AB Using single subject research design, we performed pilot research to evaluate the safety and efficacy of famotidine for the treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorders. We studied 9 Caucasian boys, 3.8-8.1 years old, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of a pervasive developmental disorder, living with their families, receiving no chronic medications, and without significant gastrointestinal symptoms. The dose of oral famotidine was 2mg/kg/day (given in two divided doses); the maximum total daily dose was 100mg. Using single-subject research analysis and medication given in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 4 of 9 children randomized (44%) had evidence of behavioral improvement. Primary efficacy was based on data kept by primary caregivers, including a daily diary; daily visual analogue scales of affection, reciting, or aspects of social interaction; Aberrant Behavior Checklists (ABC, Aman); and Clinical Global Improvement scales. Children with marked stereotypy (meaningless, repetitive behaviors) did not respond. Our subjects did not have prominent gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopy was not part of our protocol; thus, we cannot exclude the possibility that our subjects improved due to the effective treatment of asymptomatic esophagitis. The use of famotidine for the treatment of children with autistic spectrum disorders warrants further investigation.
C1 Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA.
Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA.
New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, IBR, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
Iona Coll, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA.
Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Hosp Med Ctr, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Linday, LA (reprint author), 340 W 55th St,Suite 9A, New York, NY 10019 USA.
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TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0300-9564
J9 J NEURAL TRANSM
JI J. Neural Transm.
PY 2001
VL 108
IS 5
BP 593
EP 611
DI 10.1007/s007020170059
PG 19
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 435DR
UT WOS:000168862600008
PM 11459079
ER
PT J
AU Soderstrom, H
Blennow, K
Manhem, A
Forsman, A
AF Soderstrom, H
Blennow, K
Manhem, A
Forsman, A
TI CSF studies in violent offenders - I. 5-HIAA as a negative and HVA as a
positive predictor of psychopathy
SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
LA English
DT Article
DE aggression; violence; psychopathy; serotonin; dopamine
ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; MONOAMINE METABOLITES;
AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE; DISORDER
AB Low serotonin activity in man has been related to impulsive, self-destructive violence but not to instrumental aggression aimed at dominance. A relationship has also been suggested between aggression and high catecholaminergic activity. Several studies have reported signs of aberrant dopaminergic function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and schizophrenia. In 22 violent offenders undergoing pretrial forensic psychiatric investigation, interpersonal and behavioral features of psychopathy, measured by the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R), were significantly predicted by low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-HIAA and high CSF concentrations of HVA in multivariate regression models. CSF concentrations of MHPG did not contribute to the model. This seems to link the outward-directed aggression of psychopathy to serotonergic hypofunctioning and high dopamine turnover, which might account for disinhibition of destructive impulses.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Inst Clin Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Gothenburg, Inst Clin Neurosci, Dept Neurol & Neurochem, Molndal, Sweden.
Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Molndal, Sweden.
RP Soderstrom, H (reprint author), Dept Forens Psychiat, Box 4024, S-42204 Hisings Backa, Sweden.
RI Anckarsater, Henrik/C-2244-2009
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NR 26
TC 59
Z9 64
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0300-9564
J9 J NEURAL TRANSM
JI J. Neural Transm.
PY 2001
VL 108
IS 7
BP 869
EP 878
DI 10.1007/s007020170036
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 456QR
UT WOS:000170094200009
PM 11515752
ER
PT J
AU Nilsson, M
Waters, S
Waters, N
Carlsson, A
Carlsson, ML
AF Nilsson, M
Waters, S
Waters, N
Carlsson, A
Carlsson, ML
TI A behavioural pattern analysis of hypoglutamatergic mice - effects of
four different antipsychotic agents
SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
LA English
DT Article
DE schizophrenia; autism; cognition; video tracking; MK-801; mice
ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RISPERIDONE;
HYPOTHESIS; GLUTAMATE; MULTIVARIATE; HALOPERIDOL; DISORDER; DISEASE
AB In a hypoglutamatergic rodent model, we have observed certain behaviours that might have relevance for the cognitive impairments seen in autism and schizophrenia. Thus, hypoglutamatergic mice show defective habituation, impaired attention, a meagre behavioural repertoire and a general behavioural primitivization. The aim of the present study was to characterise and quantify changes in movement pattern in mice rendered hypoglutamatergic by means of MK-801 treatment, using an automated video tracking system. Further, the effects of four different antipsychotic drugs, the classical neuroleptic haloperidol, the atypical antipsychotic clozapine, the DA D2/5HT2A antagonist risperidone and the selective 5-HT2A-receptor antagonist M100907, were compared with respect to effects on NMDA antagonist-induced movement pattern alterations.
We found that each receptor antagonist had a unique effect on the MK-801-induced behavioural primitivization. Haloperidol was unable to affect the monotonous behaviour induced by MK-801, while risperidone, clozapine and M100907 produced movement patterns of high intricacy.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Physiol & Pharmacol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Carlsson Res AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Res Unit, Inst Clin Neurosci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Nilsson, M (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Physiol & Pharmacol, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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TC 49
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN
PI VIENNA
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0300-9564
J9 J NEURAL TRANSM
JI J. Neural Transm.
PY 2001
VL 108
IS 10
BP 1181
EP 1196
DI 10.1007/s007020170008
PG 16
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 489LZ
UT WOS:000171994000008
PM 11725821
ER
PT J
AU Menold, MM
Shao, YJ
Wolpert, CM
Donnelly, SL
Raiford, KL
Martin, ER
Ravan, SA
Abramson, RK
Wright, HH
Delong, GR
Cuccaro, L
Pericak-Vance, MA
Gilbert, JR
AF Menold, MM
Shao, YJ
Wolpert, CM
Donnelly, SL
Raiford, KL
Martin, ER
Ravan, SA
Abramson, RK
Wright, HH
Delong, GR
Cuccaro, L
Pericak-Vance, MA
Gilbert, JR
TI Association analysis of chromosome 15 GABA(A) receptor subunit genes in
autistic disorder
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE single nucleotide polymorphism; autistic disorder; gamma aminobutyric
acids; oligonucleotide ligation assay; chromosome 15q11-q13
ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RECEPTOR; PERVASIVE
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PEDIGREE DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST;
ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
IMPRINTING CONTROL; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ALPHA-5 SUBUNIT
AB Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, acting via the GABA(A) receptors. The GABA(A) receptors are comprised of several different homologous subunits, forming a group of receptors that are both structurally and functionally diverse. Three of the GABA(A) receptor subunit genes (GABRB3. GABRA5 and GABRG3) form a cluster on chromosome 15q11-q13, in a region that has been genetically associated with autistic disorder (AutD). Based on these data. we examined 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within GABRB3, GABRA5 and GABRG3 for linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 226 AutD families (AutD patients and parents). Genotyping was performed using either OLA (oligonucleotide ligation assay), or SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) followed by DNA sequencing. We tested for LD using the Pedigree Disequilibrium Test (PDT). PDT results gave significant evidence that AutD is associated with two SNPs located within the GABRG3 gene (exon5_539T/C, p = 0.02 and intron5_687T/C, p = 0.03), suggesting that the GABRG3 gene or a gene nearby contributes to genetic risk in AutD.
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Univ S Carolina, WS Hall Psychiat Inst, Columbia, SC 29202 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
RP Pericak-Vance, MA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Med, CARL Bldg Box 3445, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
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NR 68
TC 92
Z9 96
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
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PY 2001
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BP 245
EP 259
PG 15
WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 544GZ
UT WOS:000175151000009
PM 12092907
ER
PT J
AU Accardo, P
Bostwick, HE
AF Accardo, P
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LA English
DT Letter
C1 New York Med Coll, Westchester Inst Human Dev, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
RP Accardo, P (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Westchester Inst Human Dev, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
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TC 0
Z9 0
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 138
IS 1
BP 147
EP 148
DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.108205
PG 2
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 393PK
UT WOS:000166478700034
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AU Mangravite, DN
AF Mangravite, DN
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SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
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PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 138
IS 1
BP 147
EP 147
DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.108206
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 393PK
UT WOS:000166478700033
PM 11148535
ER
PT J
AU Tager-Flusberg, H
Joseph, R
Folstein, S
AF Tager-Flusberg, H
Joseph, R
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SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CENTRAL
COHERENCE; COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; STORY CHARACTERS
AB One of the most active areas of current research in the field of developmental disorders is autism. Since the NIH State of the Science conference, held in 1995 (Bristol et ai. [1996] J. Autism Dev. Disorders 26:121-154), funding opportunities for comprehensive research programs addressing genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral aspects of this complex disorder have grown exponentially. Although we are far from having a complete understanding of the causes and deficits that define autism, significant progress has been made over the past few yea rs, In this review, we summarize recent developments across a number of different areas of research in the field of autism, including diagnosis; defining the phenotypic features in individuals with autism; genetic bases; and neurobiological deficits, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Ctr Res Dev Disorders, Waltham, MA USA.
Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Ctr Res Dev Disorders, 200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA USA.
RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009; Joseph, Roy/D-8530-2015
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NR 130
TC 33
Z9 35
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1080-4013
J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R
JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 1
BP 21
EP 29
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 407TL
UT WOS:000167286800004
PM 11241879
ER
PT J
AU Stoneman, Z
AF Stoneman, Z
TI Supporting positive sibling relationships during childhood
SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE siblings; childhood; disability; families
ID PARENTAL DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT; PALSIED CHILDRENS INTERACTIONS;
MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL SIBLINGS;
MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; OLDER SIBLINGS; DOWNS-SYNDROME; MOTHER-CHILD; AUTISM
AB This paper reviews the research literature focusing on the interpersonal relationships between siblings when one child has a disability. Descriptive findings are presented that compare and contrast sibling warmth and positivity, engagement, and conflict in sibling pairs with and without a child with a disability. The social roles assumed by siblings are examined, as are developmental changes in role relationships. Research on the development of the sibling relationship in the family context is reviewed, as are findings concerning the effects of parent differential attention on the quality of the sibling relationship, (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Human Dev & Disabil, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Stoneman, Z (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Human Dev & Disabil, 850 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
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NR 96
TC 29
Z9 29
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1080-4013
J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R
JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 2
BP 134
EP 142
DI 10.1002/mrdd.1019
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 437XY
UT WOS:000169025700010
PM 11389569
ER
PT J
AU Kaiser, AP
Hester, PP
McDuffie, AS
AF Kaiser, AP
Hester, PP
McDuffie, AS
TI Supporting communication in young children with developmental
disabilities
SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE language development; children with disabilities
ID LANGUAGE INTERVENTION; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN;
DOWN-SYNDROME; AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; ATTENTION; DELAYS; SPEECH; PLAY
AB The behavior of parents, adult caregivers, and peers comprises the critical features of community support for the development of communication in young children with developmental disabilities. In a bio-ecological model of development, communication development is the result of the interactions of individuals with specific characteristics, in particular contexts over time. From the perspective of this model, foundational findings of intervention research to current views of communication development in children with developmental disabilities are summarized. The contributions of individual child characteristics to child-caregiver interactions that support language development are illustrated based on research with children who have autism, Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and children who use augmentative communication systems. Parent-child interaction and the quality and quantity of parent talk are discussed as factors in children's language development. The effects of young children's delayed language on their interactions with peers, the contributions of peers to children's language learning and use, and the critical features of classroom settings that support child language development are reviewed. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Child Study, Norfolk, VA USA.
RP Kaiser, AP (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Box 328 Peabody, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
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NR 89
TC 14
Z9 16
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1080-4013
J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R
JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 2
BP 143
EP 150
DI 10.1002/mrdd.1020
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 437XY
UT WOS:000169025700011
PM 11389570
ER
PT J
AU Hornig, M
Lipkin, WI
AF Hornig, M
Lipkin, WI
TI Infectious and immune factors in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental
disorders: Epidemiology, hypotheses, and animal models
SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE neurodevelopmental disorders; autism; virus; immune; Borna disease
virus; animal models
ID BORNA-DISEASE-VIRUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A
DEFICIENCY; CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; ACTIVATED T-CELLS;
INFANTILE-AUTISM; SERUM AUTOANTIBODIES; POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION; INCREASED
FREQUENCY; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE
AB Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia. Some heritable disorders approach 100% penetrance; nonetheless, even in these disorders, subtle aspects of clinical disease expression may he influenced by the environment. In other disorders with genetic influences, exogenous factors, and the timepoint(s) during nervous system development at which they are introduced, modulate expression of disease. Elucidation of the mechanisms guiding this intricate interplay between host response genes, environmental agents, and the neurodevelopmental context within which these interactions occur, is necessary to understand the continuum of clinical outcomes. This chapter will review the evidence that infectious and immune factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, describe an animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders based upon viral infection, identify processes by which neural circuitry may be compromised, and outline areas for future research. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Emerging Dis Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Emerging Dis Lab, 3101 GNRF, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
CR ALTSHULER LL, 1987, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V44, P1094
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1999, ENV HLTH PERSPECT, V107, P510
NR 178
TC 55
Z9 56
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1080-4013
J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R
JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 3
BP 200
EP 210
DI 10.1002/mrdd.1028
PG 11
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 470WH
UT WOS:000170893900008
PM 11553936
ER
PT J
AU Lough, S
Gregory, C
Hodges, JR
AF Lough, S
Gregory, C
Hodges, JR
TI Dissociation of social cognition and executive function in frontal
variant frontotemporal dementia
SO NEUROCASE
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL STATE; LOBE DAMAGE; MIND; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; AUTISM;
PERFORMANCE; CRITERIA; BELIEFS; ADULTS
AB In this paper, we adopt a neurodevelopmental stance to examining frontal variant frontotemporal dementia (fv-FTD) by using experimental procedures from the literature on the growth of social behaviour in children to examine the deficits in social reasoning which may underpin behavioural disturbance in fv-FTD, We present the case of a 47-year-old man with a diagnosis of fv-FTD and severe antisocial behaviour, Tests of general neuropsychology and of executive function were performed. In addition, the patient, JM, was assessed on tasks which test theory of mind. Theory of mind develops in distinct stages through childhood and is a core ability to represent the thoughts and feelings of others, independent of the level of intellectual ability. The results indicate relatively intact general neuropsychological and executive function, but extremely poor performance on tasks of theory of mind. This indicates a dissociation of social cognition and executive function suggesting that in psychiatric presentations of fv-FTD there may be a fundamental deficit in theory of mind independent of the level of executive function. The implications of this finding for diagnostic procedures and possible behavioural management are discussed.
C1 Fulbourne Hosp, Dept Psychol, Addenbrookes NHS Trust, Cambridge CB1 5EF, England.
Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
MRC, Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England.
RP Lough, S (reprint author), Fulbourne Hosp, Dept Psychol, Addenbrookes NHS Trust, Rowan House,Box 338, Cambridge CB1 5EF, England.
RI Hodges, John/B-9907-2012
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NR 47
TC 117
Z9 120
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1355-4794
J9 NEUROCASE
JI Neurocase
PY 2001
VL 7
IS 2
BP 123
EP 130
DI 10.1093/neucas/7.2.123
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 434EC
UT WOS:000168801300004
PM 11320160
ER
PT S
AU Pletnikov, MV
Jones, ML
Rubin, SA
Moran, TH
Carbone, KM
AF Pletnikov, MV
Jones, ML
Rubin, SA
Moran, TH
Carbone, KM
BE Slikker, W
Trembly, B
TI Rat model of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Genetic background effects on
Borna disease virus-induced developmental brain damage
SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS
SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents
CY SEP 17-21, 2000
CL LAKE TAHOE, NEVADA
SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res /FDA, Cent Arkansas Chapter Sigma Xi
DE rat model; Autism Spectrum Disorder; genetic background; Borna disease;
brain damage
ID BDV INFECTION
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
US FDA, CBER, OVRR, DVP,LPRVD, Baltimore, MD USA.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Pletnikov, MV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
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NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA
SN 0077-8923
BN 1-57331-352-1
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2001
VL 939
BP 318
EP 319
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA BT12V
UT WOS:000172028600036
PM 11462786
ER
PT J
AU Happe, F
Malhi, GS
Checkley, S
AF Happe, F
Malhi, GS
Checkley, S
TI Acquired mind-blindness following frontal lobe surgery? A single case
study of impaired 'theory of mind' in a patient treated with
stereotactic anterior capsulotomy
SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE social intelligence; 'theory of mind'; acquired lesion; affective
disorder; autism
ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; CHILDREN; DAMAGE; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA;
ANATOMY; AUTISM; ADULTS; LESION; CORTEX
AB Social insight, specifically the ability to represent thoughts and feelings ('theory of mind'), may have a circumscribed and dedicated neurological substrate. Evidence of deficits in 'theory of mind' following acquired lesions would support this idea. Previous studies of lesions resulting from stroke or head injury have been hampered by lack of detailed lesion information and pre-lesion documentation. We report the case of a 76-year-old man who, following a standard surgical procedure to treat bipolar affective disorder, showed evidence of impaired 'theory of mind'. This case, which is the first of its type, may contribute to the search for the brain basis of social insight. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Kings Coll London, SGDP, Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), Kings Coll London, SGDP, Res Ctr, Inst Psychiat, 111 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM f.happe@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
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NR 38
TC 66
Z9 66
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0028-3932
J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA
JI Neuropsychologia
PY 2001
VL 39
IS 1
BP 83
EP 90
DI 10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00093-2
PG 8
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 379TH
UT WOS:000165658200007
PM 11115657
ER
PT J
AU Prather, MD
Lavenex, P
Mauldin-Jourdain, ML
Mason, WA
Capitanio, JP
Mendoza, SP
Amaral, DG
AF Prather, MD
Lavenex, P
Mauldin-Jourdain, ML
Mason, WA
Capitanio, JP
Mendoza, SP
Amaral, DG
TI Increased social fear and decreased fear of objects in monkeys with
neonatal amygdala lesions
SO NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE amygdaloid complex; social anxiety; autism; social behavior
AB The amygdala has been implicated in the mediation of emotional and species-specific social behavior (Kling et al., 1970; Kling and Brothers, 1992; Kluver and Bucy, 1939; Rosvold et al., 1954). Humans with bilateral amygdala damage are impaired in judging negative emotion in facial expressions and making accurate judgements of trustworthiness (Adolphs et al., 1998, 1994). Amygdala dysfunction has also been implicated in human disorders ranging from social anxiety (Birbaumer et al., 1998) to depression (Drevets, 2000) to autism (Bachevalier, 1994; Baron-Cohen et al., 2000; Bauman and Kemper, 1993). We produced selective amygdala lesions in 2-week-old macaque monkeys who were returned to their mothers for rearing. At 6-8 months of age, the lesioned animals demonstrated less fear of novel objects such as rubber snakes than age-matched controls. However, they displayed substantially more fear behavior than controls during dyadic social interactions. These results suggest that neonatal amygdala lesions dissociate a system that mediates social fear from one that mediates fear of inanimate objects. Furthermore, much of the age-appropriate repertoire of social behavior was present in amygdala-lesioned infants indicating that these lesions do not produce autistic-like behavior in monkeys. Finally, amygdala lesions early in development have different effects on social behavior than lesions produced in adulthood. (C) 2001 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, Calif Reg Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Amaral, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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NR 25
TC 160
Z9 161
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0306-4522
J9 NEUROSCIENCE
JI Neuroscience
PY 2001
VL 106
IS 4
BP 653
EP 658
DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00445-6
PG 6
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 493XT
UT WOS:000172249300001
PM 11682152
ER
PT J
AU Chen, L
Toth, M
AF Chen, L
Toth, M
TI Fragile X mice develop sensory hyperreactivity to auditory stimuli
SO NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE prepulse inhibition; audiogenic seizure; fragile X syndrome; FMRP; c-Fos
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; INFERIOR
COLLICULUS; AUDIOGENIC-SEIZURES; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; TRANSGENIC MICE;
WISTAR RATS; EPILEPSY; GENE; FMR-1
AB Fragile X syndrome is the most prevalent cause of mental retardation. It is usually caused by the transcriptional inactivation of the FMR-I gene. Although the cognitive defect is the most recognized symptom of fragile X syndrome, patients also show behavioral problems such as hyperarousal, hyperactivity, autism, aggression, anxiety and increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli. Here we investigated whether fragile X mice (fmr-1 gene knockout mice) exhibit abnormal sensitivity to sensory stimuli. First, hyperreactivity of fragile X mice to auditory stimulus was indicated in the prepulse inhibition paradigm. A moderately intense prepulse tone, that suppresses startle response to a strong auditory stimulus, elicited a significantly stronger effect in fragile X than in control mice. Second, sensory hyperreactivity of fragile X mice was demonstrated by a high seizure susceptibility to auditory stimulation. Selective induction of c-Fos, an early-immediate gene product, indicated that seizures involve auditory brainstem and thalamic nuclei. Audiogenic seizures were not due to a general increase in brain excitability because three different chemical convulsants (kainic acid, bicuculline and pentylenetetrazole) elicited similar effects in fragile X and wild-type mice.
These data are consistent with the increased responsiveness of fragile X patients to auditory stimuli. The auditory hypersensitivity suggests an abnormal processing in the auditory system of fragile X mice, which could provide a useful model to study the molecular and cellular changes underlying fragile X syndrome. (C) 2001 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Toth, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, 1300 York Ave,LC 522, New York, NY 10021 USA.
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NR 43
TC 176
Z9 176
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0306-4522
J9 NEUROSCIENCE
JI Neuroscience
PY 2001
VL 103
IS 4
BP 1043
EP 1050
DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00036-7
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 423NK
UT WOS:000168182200017
PM 11301211
ER
PT J
AU Bejerot, S
Nylander, L
Lindstrom, E
AF Bejerot, S
Nylander, L
Lindstrom, E
TI Autistic traits in obsessive-compulsive disorder
SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; empathy; obsessive-compulsive disorder; personality;
personality disorder
ID DSM-III-R; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP;
SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN;
SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
AB In contrast to other non-psychotic psychiatric populations, subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are more prone to have personality disorder from cluster A (the odd and eccentric cluster). The present study aims at further investigating the relationship between these and other personality traits in OCD subjects and their relation to high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger disorder. Sixty-four subjects with OCD were included. Personality traits were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), and personality disorders with DSM-adapted questionnaires. In addition, autistic traits were assessed in 29 videotaped subjects, by 3 independent raters. Twenty percent of the subjects with OCD were identified as also having autistic traits. These subjects scored higher on KSP scales measuring muscular tension, psychasthenia, and inhibition of aggression and lower on socialization as compared with OCD subjects without autistic traits. Additionally, subjects with autistic traits fulfilled criteria for anxious personality disorders and paranoid personality disorders significantly more often than subjects without autistic traits. We propose that OCD is often related to HFA and Asperger disorder. Self-report questionnaires may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. However, those with the most obvious autistic features seem to be less able to identify these traits in themselves.
C1 Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Neurosci, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Psychiat, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
RP Bejerot, S (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Neurosci, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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NR 60
TC 60
Z9 61
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS
PI OSLO
PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY
SN 0803-9488
J9 NORD J PSYCHIAT
JI Nord. J. Psychiatr.
PY 2001
VL 55
IS 3
BP 169
EP 176
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 449GY
UT WOS:000169677000004
PM 11827611
ER
PT J
AU Knivsberg, AM
Reichelt, KL
Nodland, M
AF Knivsberg, AM
Reichelt, KL
Nodland, M
TI Reports on dietary intervention in autistic disorders
SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; casein; gluten; diet; peptides
ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; BOVINE-MILK;
CHILDREN; TRANSPORT; EXORPHINS; RELEASE; PASSAGE; HUMANS
AB Autism is a developmental disorder for which no curt currently exists. Gluten and/or casein free diet has been implemented to reduce autistic behaviour, in addition to special education, since early in the eighties. Over the last twelve years various studies on this dietary intervention have been published in addition to anecdotal, parental reports. The scientific studies include both groups of participants as well as single cases, and beneficial results are reported in all, but one study. While some studies are based on urinary peptide abnormalities, others are not. The reported results are, however, more or less identical; reduction of autistic behaviour, increased social and communicative skills, and reappearance of autistic traits after the diet has been broken.
C1 Stavanger Coll, Ctr Reading Res, Stavanger, Norway.
Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Pediat Res Inst, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
Mandlavoll Sch, Hafrsfjord, Norway.
RP Knivsberg, AM (reprint author), Stavanger Coll, Ctr Reading Res, Stavanger, Norway.
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NR 59
TC 32
Z9 32
PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH
PI READING
PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1028-415X
J9 NUTR NEUROSCI
JI Nutr. Neurosci.
PY 2001
VL 4
IS 1
BP 25
EP 37
PG 13
WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 416HP
UT WOS:000167774500003
PM 11842874
ER
PT J
AU Wallace, S
Bailey, A
Coleman, M
AF Wallace, S.
Bailey, A.
Coleman, M.
TI Different strategies at detecting direction of eye gaze: comparing
individuals with autism or Asperger's syndrome to IQ-matched controls
SO PERCEPTION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Wallace, S.; Bailey, A.] Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
[Coleman, M.] UCL, Dept Human Commun Sci, London WC1N 1PG, England.
EM spjwsbw@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014
OI Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PION LTD
PI LONDON
PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND
SN 0301-0066
J9 PERCEPTION
JI Perception
PY 2001
VL 30
BP 56
EP 56
PG 1
WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA V05FY
UT WOS:000207113100175
ER
PT J
AU Gepner, B
AF Gepner, B
TI What role is played by troubles of movement vision in infantile autism?
A new neuropathological, developmental approach
SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT
LA French
DT Review
ID SPATIOTEMPORAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
PARKINSONS-DISEASE; STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; 5-MONTH-OLD INFANTS;
KINETIC INFORMATION; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; MOTION; FACE
AB In this article, we present a new neuropathological developmental hypothesis in which early troubles with movement vision in their attentional, perceptive and/or visuo-motor integration aspects play a central role in certain forms of infantile autism by bringing about several cascades of developmental anomalies in such diverse and crucial domains as joint attention, perception, imitation, representation, comprehension and the expression of emotions and language, and finally, visuo-gestual and posturo-motor exchanges between the baby and his or her human environment. After a presentation of the principal experimental arguments and issues in the literature in favor of this hypothesis, we will try to show its advantages (diagnostic implications and reeducational applications) and its theoretico-clinical limits by confronting the theory with several contemporary neuro-physio and neuro-psychological approaches to infantile autism (notably, works on attention, visual perception and imitation). Also, we present some testimony from autistic adults about their visual world, and finally, several psychoanalytical works and concepts. We suggest that our model is, properly speaking, a neuro-psychodynamic one and that it can offer us several neuropsychological bases for thought in movement.
C1 AFRTDET, F-13008 Marseille, France.
RP Gepner, B (reprint author), AFRTDET, 137 Rue J Mermoz, F-13008 Marseille, France.
EM bruno.gepner@wanadoo.fr
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NR 133
TC 2
Z9 2
PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE
PI PARIS CEDEX 14
PA 6 AVENUE REILLE, 75685 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE
SN 0079-726X
J9 PSYCHIAT ENFANT
JI Psychiatr. Enfant
PY 2001
VL 44
IS 1
BP 77
EP 126
PG 50
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 487XG
UT WOS:000171903900003
ER
PT J
AU Maheady, L
Harper, GF
Mallette, B
AF Maheady, L
Harper, GF
Mallette, B
TI Peer-mediated instruction and interventions and students with mild
disabilities
SO REMEDIAL AND SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ON-TASK BEHAVIOR; DISORDERS; INTEGRATION; STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; SKILLS;
AUTISM
AB Teaching is more difficult today than in the past. and most educators predict that it will become even more challenging in years to come. Exponential increases within the school curriculum, spectacular changes in student demographic characteristics, and dwindling instructional resources make it extremely difficult for even the most responsive teachers to provide a high-quality education for all pupils. These challenges become more formidable when teachers attempt to meet the needs of students with mild disabilities in less restrictive settings (e.g.. general education classrooms). In this article, we describe how a variety of peer-mediated instruction and interventions might assist classroom teachers in meeting such instructional challenges. We describe the extensive academic and behavioral needs of this population of students. provide an illustrative review of peer-teaching methods, and suggest future directions for research and practice.
C1 SUNY Coll Fredonia, Sch Educ, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA.
RP Maheady, L (reprint author), SUNY Coll Fredonia, Sch Educ, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA.
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NR 82
TC 23
Z9 23
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0741-9325
J9 REM SPEC EDUC
JI Remedial Spec. Educ.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2001
VL 22
IS 1
BP 4
EP 14
DI 10.1177/074193250102200102
PG 11
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 398YA
UT WOS:000166783000002
ER
PT J
AU Covarrubias, AL
Pina, M
Flores, RD
AF Covarrubias, AL
Pina, M
Flores, RD
TI A guided workshop for mothers to promote social skills and self-care in
children with autism and developmental retardation
SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE PSICOLOGIA
LA Spanish
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Psicolog, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SOC MEXICANA PSICOLOGIA
PI TLALPAN
PA APARTADO POSTAL 22-211, TLALPAN 14000, MEXICO
SN 0185-6073
J9 REV MEX PSICOL
JI Rev. Mex. Psicol.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 18
IS 1
BP 50
EP 51
PG 2
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 449GV
UT WOS:000169676700099
ER
PT J
AU Jalley, E
AF Jalley, E
TI On the threshold of the representable. Autism, infantile psychosis and
body techniques
SO REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE DE LA FRANCE ET DE L ETRANGER
LA French
DT Book Review
CR ALLOUCH E, 1999, SEUIL FIGURABLE AUTI
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE
PI EVRY CEDEX
PA DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L EPINE B P 90, 91003 EVRY CEDEX,
FRANCE
SN 0035-3833
J9 REV PHILOS FR ETRANG
JI Rev. Philos. Fr. Etrang.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2001
VL 126
IS 1
BP 109
EP 109
PG 1
WC Philosophy
SC Philosophy
GA 412ZC
UT WOS:000167584300050
ER
PT J
AU Ochs, E
Kremer-Sadlik, T
Solomon, O
Sirota, KG
AF Ochs, E
Kremer-Sadlik, T
Solomon, O
Sirota, KG
TI Inclusion as social practice: Views of children with autism
SO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE high functioning autism; autism; confidentiality; inclusion
ID COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS; INTEGRATION STRATEGY; STUDENTS; PEERS;
EXPRESSIONS; APPRAISAL; STORIES; EMOTION; MIND
AB This study illuminates the social realities of inclusion of 16 high functioning children with autism (HFA) in public schools in the United States. The study suggests that the practice of inclusion rests primarily on unaffected schoolmates rather than teachers, it-ho typically are occupied monitoring academic progress and disciplinary transgressions across a range of children. Utilizing ethnographic observations and video recordings of quotidian classroom and playground activities, the analysis elucidates how classmates employ a range of positive and negative inclusion practices that either integrate or distance autistic children. Ethnographic observations of the study population indicate that the children whose diagnosis was fully disclosed enjoyed more consistent social support in the classroom and on the school playground. The study further suggests that high functioning children with autism exhibit a range of reactions to negative inclusion practices such as rejection and scorn. Such reactions include oblivion, immediate behavioral response, and emotionally charged accounts of disturbing school incidents shared after-the fact with family members. Significantly, these observations indicate that HFA children can be cognizant of and distressed by others' derisive stances and acts, despite symptomatic difficulties in interpreting others' intentions and feelings.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Ochs, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, 3207 Hershey Hall,Box 951553, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
CR Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
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NR 42
TC 62
Z9 65
PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0961-205X
J9 SOC DEV
JI Soc. Dev.
PY 2001
VL 10
IS 3
BP 399
EP 419
DI 10.1111/1467-9507.00172
PG 21
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 470VD
UT WOS:000170891100007
ER
PT J
AU Zapor, M
Murphy, FT
Enzenauer, R
AF Zapor, M
Murphy, FT
Enzenauer, R
TI Echolalia as a novel manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus
erythematosus
SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 93rd Annual Scientific Session of the Southern-Medical-Association
CY NOV 10-14, 1999
CL DALLAS, TEXAS
SP SW med Assoc
ID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ANTIBODIES; CRITERIA
AB "That tongue of yours, by which I have been tricked, shall have its power curtailed and enjoy the briefest use of speech." With these words, Hera, of Creek mythology, deprived the nymph Echo of spontaneous speech, constraining her instead to merely repeating the words of others. Echolalia, which derives from the word "echo," is disordered speech in which an individual persistently repeats what is heard. Echolalia has been described in patients with a number of neuropsychiatric illnesses including autism and Tourette's syndrome. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a heterogeneous disease with protean manifestations that may occur in approximately 25% to 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Although the most common manifestations include cognitive dysfunction (50%) and seizures (20%), NPSLE may also present as peripheral neuropathy (15%), psychosis (10%), or other central nervous system abnormalities. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with SLE and echolalia.
C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA.
RP Zapor, M (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA.
CR Liang MH, 1999, ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US, V42, P599
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NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN
PI BIRMINGHAM
PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA
SN 0038-4348
J9 SOUTHERN MED J
JI South.Med.J.
PD JAN
PY 2001
VL 94
IS 1
BP 70
EP 72
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 400CJ
UT WOS:000166850800014
PM 11213948
ER
PT J
AU Bresnahan, M
Susser, E
AF Bresnahan, M
Susser, E
TI Advocacy movements in research and prevention: schizophrenia and autism
SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Bresnahan, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA.
CR Torrey E. F., 1994, SCHIZOPHRENIA MANIC
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0303-8408
J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED
JI Sozial-und Pravent.
PY 2001
VL 46
IS 3
BP 141
EP 142
DI 10.1007/BF01324244
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 463QL
UT WOS:000170488700001
PM 11565437
ER
PT J
AU Gijswijt-Hofstra, M
AF Gijswijt-Hofstra, M
TI Autism in history: The case of Hugh Blair of Borgue
SO TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GESCHIEDENIS
LA Dutch
DT Book Review
CR Houston R. A., 2000, AUTISM HIST CASE H B
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WOLTERS-NOORDHOFF B V
PI GRONINGEN
PA BOX 58, 9700 GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-7518
J9 TIJDSCHR GESCHIEDEN
JI Tijdschr. Geschied.
PY 2001
VL 114
IS 4
BP 618
EP 620
PG 3
WC History
SC History
GA 492YU
UT WOS:000172195800021
ER
PT J
AU Grachev, VV
AF Grachev, VV
TI Rett's syndrome: diagnostic aspects
SO ZHURNAL NEVROPATOLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA
LA Russian
DT Article
ID NATURAL-HISTORY; CRITERIA; AUTISM; GIRLS
AB Rett's syndrome (RS) is a severe disease of an early childhood, affecting girls mainly and manifesting in autistic symptoms, severe mental regression and motor dysfunction. The aim of the study was to analyze both early stages of clinical symptomatology and EEC correlates of RS. 65 patients aged 2,5-13 years with classic RS were examined. It was found that affective and autistic manifestations were the main symptoms during the 1-st stage of RS in approximately 50% of the cases. Two variants of classic RS were described according to the degree of motor dysfunction and behavioral disturbances: RS with motor disorders; RS with schizophrenoform disorders. Analysis of 145 EEG of 62 patients with the III-d PS stage revealed a presence of some correlations between location of the focus of the rhythmic theta -activity and clinical manifestations as well as their prognostic value. Thus, the decrease of the index of the rhythmic theta -activity in the patients an the III-d stage of RS correlated significantly with the improvement of the attention, behavioral and social activity,while its increase correlated with both the change for the worse of the higher cortex functions and advance of the motor disorders.
C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow 109801, Russia.
RP Grachev, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow 109801, Russia.
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NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
PU IZD VO MEDITSINA
PI MOSCOW
PA PETROVERIGSKII PER 6-8, K-142 MOSCOW, RUSSIA
SN 0044-4588
J9 ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH
JI Zhurnal Nevropatol. Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova
PY 2001
VL 101
IS 1
BP 22
EP 26
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry
GA 395YG
UT WOS:000166608400002
PM 11209522
ER
PT J
AU Kalashnikova, LA
AF Kalashnikova, LA
TI Role of the cerebellum in the organization of higher mental functions
SO ZHURNAL NEVROPATOLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA
LA Russian
DT Review
ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RHESUS-MONKEY; LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS; MOTOR
CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; WGA-HRP; ACTIVATION; AUTISM; CAT; INVOLVEMENT
C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Neurol Res Inst, Moscow 109801, Russia.
RP Kalashnikova, LA (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Neurol Res Inst, Moscow 109801, Russia.
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NR 70
TC 3
Z9 3
PU IZD VO MEDITSINA
PI MOSCOW
PA PETROVERIGSKII PER 6-8, K-142 MOSCOW, RUSSIA
SN 0044-4588
J9 ZH NEVROPATOL PSIKH
JI Zhurnal Nevropatol. Psikhiatrii Im. S S Korsakova
PY 2001
VL 101
IS 4
BP 55
EP 60
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology; Psychiatry
GA 471QN
UT WOS:000170940200014
PM 11490439
ER
PT J
AU Veenstra-VanderWeele, J
Anderson, GM
Cook, EH
AF Veenstra-VanderWeele, J
Anderson, GM
Cook, EH
TI Pharmacogenetics and the serotonin system: initial studies and future
directions
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE pharmacogenetics; 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin); tryptophan
hydroxylase; 5-HT receptor; 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin);
transporter; monoamine oxidase; 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin)
reuptake inhibitor, selective; clozapine
ID MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; INCREASED EXPLORATORY
ACTIVITY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE GENE;
SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; TRANSPORTER PROTEIN GENE; AMINO-ACID
SUBSTITUTIONS; ANXIETY-RELATED TRAITS; HUMAN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR
AB Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and serotonergic agents are of central importance in neuropharmacology. Genes encoding various components of the 5-HT system are being studied as risk factors in depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder. aggression, alcoholism, and autism. Recently, pharmacogenetic research has begun to examine possible genetic influences on therapeutic response to drugs affecting the serotonin system. Genes regulating the synthesis (TPH), storage (VMAT2), membrane uptake (HTT), and metabolism (MAOA) of 5-HT, as well as a number of 5-HT receptors (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, and HTR5A), have been studied and this initial research is reviewed here. After a brief introduction to serotonin neurobiology and a general discussion of appropriate genetic methodology, each of the major 5-HT-related genes and their encoded proteins are reviewed in turn. For each gene, relevant polymorphisms and research on functional variants are discussed; following brief reviews of the disorder or trait association and linkage studies, pharmacogenetic studies performed to date are covered. The critical and manifold roles of the serotonin system, the great abundance of targets within the system, the wide range of serotonergic agents-available and in development-and the promising preliminary results suggest that the serotonin system offers a particularly rich area for pharmacogenetic research. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Lab Dev Neurosci Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Univ Chicago, Comm Clin Pharmacol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Cook, EH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Lab Dev Neurosci Child & Adolescent Psychiat, MC3077,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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NR 153
TC 145
Z9 148
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0014-2999
J9 EUR J PHARMACOL
JI Eur. J. Pharmacol.
PD DEC 27
PY 2000
VL 410
IS 2-3
BP 165
EP 181
DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00814-1
PG 17
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 391CW
UT WOS:000166337400007
PM 11134668
ER
PT J
AU Miles, JH
Hadden, LL
Takahashi, TN
Hillman, RE
AF Miles, JH
Hadden, LL
Takahashi, TN
Hillman, RE
TI Head circumference is an independent clinical finding associated with
autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; head circumference; macrocephaly; clinical morphology
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
GENOMIC SCREEN; SIZE; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RELIABILITY; INDIVIDUALS;
PSYCHOSIS
AB Occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) is one of the few physical findings in autism that varies significantly from the norm and is distinct and measurable. As part of a study of genetic heterogeneity of autism, we scrutinized data from a large sample of patients with idiopathic autism (N = 137), using OFC as the categorizing variable. The OFC standard deviation (OFCSD) values of the autistic propositi (0.61 +/- 1.6) varied significantly from that of the normal population (0.0 +/- 1.0), (P < 0.001), Comparison of the macrocephalic (OFCSD 2.0, N = 32) with the normocephalic individuals (-2 SD < OFCSD < +2 SD, N = 95) showed no significant differences in sex ratio, morphological status, IQ, seizure prevalence, or recurrence risks. The macrocephalic individuals were slightly less apt than those with normocephaly to have a family history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (P < 0.05), Each clinical subgroup of autism propositi, defined on the basis of phenotypic status, type of onset, seizure history, or IQ, had a higher than normal mean OFC indicating that macrocephaly is an independent clinical trait in autism. As in the non-autistic population, macrocephaly was highly familial with 45% of the macrocephalic and 37% of the normocephalic propositi having at least one macrocephalic parent. Microcephaly, however, was an independent significant variable that predicted the presence of other phenotypic or genetic traits and outcome. The microcephalic patients were more likely to have abnormal physical morphology, structural brain malformations, lower IQ, and seizures. Their sex ratio was closer to normal, and their relatives had a higher incidence of seizures. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Missouri, Childrens Hosp, Div Med Genet, Columbia, MO 65212 USA.
RP Miles, JH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Childrens Hosp, Div Med Genet, 1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA.
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NR 84
TC 106
Z9 109
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET
JI Am. J. Med. Genet.
PD DEC 11
PY 2000
VL 95
IS 4
BP 339
EP 350
DI 10.1002/1096-8628(20001211)95:4<339::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-B
PG 12
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 377EJ
UT WOS:000165498700009
PM 11186888
ER
EF