FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Tierney, E
   Bukelis, I
   Thompson, RE
   Ahmed, K
   Aneja, A
   Kratz, L
   Kelley, RI
AF Tierney, Elaine
   Bukelis, Irena
   Thompson, Richard E.
   Ahmed, Khalid
   Aneja, Alka
   Kratz, Lisa
   Kelley, Richard I.
TI Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome; hypocholesterolemia; Autism Genetic Resource
   Exchange; Asperger disorder; pervasive developmental disorder
ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOSYNTHESIS
AB Although Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS), a genetic condition of impaired cholesterol biosynthesis, is associated with autism [Tierney et al., 2001; Am J Med Genet 98:191-200.], the incidence of SLOS and other sterol disorders among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is unknown. This study investigated (1) the incidence of biochemically diagnosed SLOS in blood samples from a cohort of subjects with ASD from families in which more than one individual had ASD and (2) the type and incidence of other sterol disorders in the same group. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, cholesterol, and its precursor sterols were quantified in 100 samples from subjects with ASD obtained from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) specimen repository. Although no sample had sterol levels consistent with SLOS, 19 samples had total cholesterol levels lower than 100 mg/dl, which is below the 5th centile for children over age 2 years. These findings suggest that, in addition to SLOS, there may be other disorders of sterol metabolism or homeostasis associated with ASD. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Tierney, E (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
EM Tierney@kennedykrieger.org
CR *AGRE, 2005, AFF STAT CAT
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   2006, NATL HLTH NUTR EX SU
NR 11
TC 48
Z9 49
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4841
J9 AM J MED GENET B
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. B
PD SEP 5
PY 2006
VL 141B
IS 6
BP 666
EP 668
DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30368
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry
SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry
GA 077RZ
UT WOS:000240049100017
PM 16874769
ER

PT J
AU Casanova, MF
   van Kooten, IAJ
   Switala, AE
   van Engeland, H
   Heinsen, H
   Steinbusch, HWM
   Hof, PR
   Trippe, J
   Stone, J
   Schmitz, C
AF Casanova, Manuel F.
   van Kooten, Imke A. J.
   Switala, Andrew E.
   van Engeland, Herman
   Heinsen, Helmut
   Steinbusch, Harry W. M.
   Hof, Patrick R.
   Trippe, Juan
   Stone, Janet
   Schmitz, Christoph
TI Minicolumnar abnormalities in autism
SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
LA English
DT Review
DE autistic disorder/pathology; child development disorders; pervasive;
   neocortex; neuropil; pyramidal cells
ID HUMAN AUDITORY-CORTEX; PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM;
   MATTER VOLUME INCREASE; RADIAL CELL COLUMNS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX;
   FRONTAL-CORTEX; CYTOARCHITECTONIC DEFINITION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW;
   SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS
AB Autism is characterized by qualitative abnormalities in behavior and higher order cognitive functions. Minicolumnar irregularities observed in autism provide a neurologically sound localization to observed clinical and anatomical abnormalities. This study corroborates the initial reports of a minicolumnopathy in autism within an independent sample. The patient population consisted of six age-matched pairs of patients (DSM-IV-TR and ADI-R diagnosed) and controls. Digital micrographs were taken from cortical areas S1, 4, 9, and 17. The image analysis produced estimates of minicolumnar width (CW), mean interneuronal distance, variability in CW (V (CW)), cross section of Nissl-stained somata, boundary length of stained somata per unit area, and the planar convexity. On average CW was 27.2 mu m in controls and 25.7 mu m in autistic patients (P = 0.0234). Mean neuron and nucleolar cross sections were found to be smaller in autistic cases compared to controls, while neuron density in autism exceeded the comparison group by 23%. Analysis of inter- and intracluster distances of a Delaunay triangulation suggests that the increased cell density is the result of a greater number of minicolumns, otherwise the number of cells per minicolumns appears normal. A reduction in both somatic and nucleolar cross sections could reflect a bias towards shorter connecting fibers, which favors local computation at the expense of inter-areal and callosal connectivity.
C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, Div Cellular Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
   Univ Wurzburg, Morphol Brain Res Unit, Wurzburg, Germany.
   Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA.
   EURON, Maastricht, Netherlands.
RP Casanova, MF (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 500 S Preston St,Bldg 55A,Ste 217, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
EM m0casa02@gwise.louisville.edu
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NR 103
TC 159
Z9 162
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0001-6322
J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL
JI Acta Neuropathol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 112
IS 3
BP 287
EP 303
DI 10.1007/s00401-006-0085-5
PG 17
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology
GA 077WB
UT WOS:000240061000007
PM 16819561
ER

PT J
AU Hatton, DD
   Sideris, J
   Skinner, M
   Mankowski, J
   Bailey, DB
   Roberts, J
   Mirrett, P
AF Hatton, Deborah D.
   Sideris, John
   Skinner, Martie
   Mankowski, Jean
   Bailey, Donald B., Jr.
   Roberts, Jane
   Mirrett, Penny
TI Autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome: Prevalence,
   stability, and the impact of FMRP
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE fragile X syndrome; autism; fragile X mental retardation protein
ID DSM-III-R; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG MALES; SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   BOYS; COMMUNICATION; SCHEDULE; SYMPTOMS; PROFILE; INDIVIDUALS
AB We examined autistic behavior in a cross-sectional sample of 179 children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and a longitudinal subset of 116 children using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to (a) determine a prevalence of autistic behavior in FXS, (b) examine the stability of autistic ratings over time, and Q assess the association between the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and autistic behavior. Approximately 21% of the sample of 129 children (25.9% of boys) scored at or above the cutoff for autism. CARS scores increased slowly, yet significantly, over time, and low levels of FMRP were associated with higher mean levels of autistic behavior as measured by the CARS. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   George Washington Univ, Sch Social Work, Social Dev Res Grp, Washington, DC USA.
RP Hatton, DD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, CB 8040, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM Deborah_Hatton@unc.edu
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NR 54
TC 161
Z9 163
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4825
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2006
VL 140A
IS 17
BP 1804
EP 1813
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31286
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 080PL
UT WOS:000240259900002
PM 16700053
ER

PT J
AU Budimirovic, DB
   Bukelis, I
   Cox, C
   Gray, RM
   Tierney, E
   Kaufmann, WE
AF Budimirovic, Dejan B.
   Bukelis, Irena
   Cox, Christiane
   Gray, Robert M.
   Tierney, Elaine
   Kaufmann, Walter E.
TI Autism spectrum disorder in fragile X syndrome: Differential
   contribution of adaptive socialization and social withdrawal
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE fragile X syndrome; autism; autism spectrum disorder; adaptive
   socialization; social withdrawal; social avoidance; social cognition
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIOR PROFILE;
   DOWN-SYNDROME; YOUNG MALES; CHILDREN; BOYS; MUTATION; PROTEIN;
   ADOLESCENTS
AB The present study extends our previous work on characterizing the profile of social behavior abnormalities in boys with Fragile X (FraX) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using clinically oriented behavioral rating scales and standardized instruments. The goal was to further distinguish behavioral parameters contributing to the diagnostic classification of FraX + ASD. The Study design included two cohorts of boys with FraX (3-8 years), a larger main cohort for cross-sectional analyses (n = 56, 24 with ASD), and a longitudinal subset (n = 30, 11 with ASD) of the main cohort with up to 3 yearly observations. The focus was on the relative contribution of delayed adaptive socialization and social withdrawal, including item components of their corresponding rating instruments, to the diagnosis of ASD in boys with FraX. Using a combination of regression analyses, we demonstrated that: (1) as delayed socialization, social withdrawal is also a correlate of FraX + ASD; (2) items of social withdrawal scales representing avoidance were the main predictors of ASD status, particularly in older boys; (3) adaptive socialization skills reflecting rules of social behavior and recognition and labeling of emotions, linked to verbal reasoning abilities, were selectively associated with FraX+ASD; (4) adaptive socialization is the primary determinant over time of ASD status in boys with FraX; and (5) integrated adaptive socialization-social withdrawal models allow the identification of distinctive FraX+ASD subgroups. Altogether, our findings suggest that two distinct but interrelated social behavior abnormalities, one linked to impaired cognitive processes (delayed socialization) and the second one to disturbance in limbic circuits (avoidance), play a role in the development of ASD in boys with FraX. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Budimirovic, DB (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, 3901 Greenspring Ave,Room 208, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
EM budimirovic@kennedykrieger.org
RI Budimirovic, Dejan/O-7885-2014
OI Budimirovic, Dejan/0000-0001-7263-5134
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NR 53
TC 37
Z9 38
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4825
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2006
VL 140A
IS 17
BP 1814
EP 1826
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31405
PG 13
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 080PL
UT WOS:000240259900003
PM 16906564
ER

PT J
AU Laumonnier, F
   Roger, S
   Guerin, P
   Molinari, F
   M'Rad, R
   Cahard, D
   Belhadj, A
   Halayem, M
   Persico, AM
   Elia, M
   Romano, V
   Holbert, S
   Andres, C
   Chaabouni, H
   Colleaux, L
   Constant, J
   Le Guennec, JY
   Briault, S
AF Laumonnier, Frederic
   Roger, Sebastien
   Guerin, Pascaline
   Molinari, Florence
   M'Rad, Ridha
   Cahard, Dominique
   Belhadj, Ahlem
   Halayem, Mohamed
   Persico, Antonio M.
   Elia, Maurizio
   Romano, Valentino
   Holbert, Sebastien
   Andres, Christian
   Chaabouni, Habiba
   Colleaux, Laurence
   Constant, Jacques
   Le Guennec, Jean-Yves
   Briault, Sylvain
TI Association of a functional deficit of the BKCa channel, a synaptic
   regulator of neuronal excitability, with autism and mental retardation
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CA2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS; POTASSIUM
   CHANNELS; LARGE-CONDUCTANCE; INDIVIDUALS; ETIOLOGY; MUTATION; RELEASE;
   COMPLEX; SCREEN
AB Objective: Autism is a complex, largely genetic psychiatric disorder. In the majority of cases, the cause of autism is not known, but there is strong evidence for a genetic etiology. To identify candidate genes, the physical mapping of balanced chromosomal aberrations is a powerful strategy, since several genes have been characterized in numerous disorders. In this study, the authors analyzed a balanced reciprocal translocation arising de novo in a subject with autism and mental retardation.
   Method: The authors performed the physical mapping of the balanced 9q23/ 10q22 translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments using bacterial artificial chromosome clones covering the areas of interest.
   Results: Findings revealed that the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes the alpha- subunit of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ ( BKCa) channel, a synaptic regulator of neuronal excitability, is physically disrupted. Further molecular and functional analyses showed the haploinsufficiency of this gene as well as decreased activity of the coded BKCa channel. This activity can be enhanced in vitro by addition of a BKCa channel opener (BMS-204352). Further mutational analyses on 116 autistic subjects led to the identification of an amino acid substitution located in a highly conserved domain of the protein not found in comparison subjects.
   Conclusions: These results suggest a possible association between a functional defect of the BKCa channel and autistic disorder and raise the hypothesis that deficits in synaptic transmission may contribute to the physiopathology of autism and mental deficiency.
C1 INSERM, U619, Lab Genet Chromosom, CHR Source, F-45067 Orleans, France.
   Univ Tours, Fac Med, Tours, France.
   Ctr Hosp, Unite Diagnost & Traitement Troubles Envahissants, Chartres, France.
   Hop Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM, U393, Paris, France.
   EPS Nicolle, Serv Malad Congenitales & Hereditaires, Tunis, Tunisia.
   Univ Rouen, UMR 6014, CNRS, Inst Rech Chim Organ Fine, Rouen, France.
   Razi Hosp, Serv Pedopsychiat, La Manouba, Tunisia.
   Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Rome, Italy.
   IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Neurol Serv, Troina, Italy.
   Univ Palermo, Dept Biopathol & Biomed Methodol, Palermo, Italy.
RP Briault, S (reprint author), INSERM, U619, Lab Genet Chromosom, CHR Source, BP86709, F-45067 Orleans, France.
EM sylvain.briault@chr-orleans.fr
RI CAHARD, Dominique/B-9156-2008
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NR 28
TC 62
Z9 66
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 9
BP 1622
EP 1629
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.9.1622
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 079VD
UT WOS:000240205100024
PM 16946189
ER

PT J
AU Reichenberg, A
   Gross, R
   Weiser, M
   Bresnahan, M
   Silverman, J
   Harlap, S
   Rabinowitz, J
   Shulman, C
   Malaspina, D
   Lubin, G
   Knobler, HY
   Davidson, M
   Susser, E
AF Reichenberg, Abraham
   Gross, Raz
   Weiser, Mark
   Bresnahan, Michealine
   Silverman, Jeremy
   Harlap, Susan
   Rabinowitz, Jonathan
   Shulman, Cory
   Malaspina, Dolores
   Lubin, Gad
   Knobler, Haim Y.
   Davidson, Michael
   Susser, Ezra
TI Advancing paternal age and autism
SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; PARENTAL AGE; OBSTETRIC
   COMPLICATIONS; MATERNAL AGE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
   APERT-SYNDROME; BIRTH-DEFECTS; MUTATION-RATE
AB Context: Maternal and paternal ages are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
   Objective: To examine the relationship between advancing paternal age at birth of offspring and their risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
   Design: Historical population-based cohort study.
   Setting: Identification of ASD cases from the Israeli draft board medical registry.
   Participants: We conducted a study of Jewish persons born in Israel during 6 consecutive years. Virtually all men and about three quarters of women in this cohort underwent draft board assessment at age 17 years. Paternal age at birth was obtained for most of the cohort; maternal age was obtained for a smaller subset. We used the smaller subset (n=132271) with data on both paternal and maternal age for the primary analysis and the larger subset (n=318506) with data on paternal but not maternal age for sensitivity analyses.
   Main Outcome Measures: Information on persons coded as having International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision ASD was obtained from the registry. The registry identified 110 cases of ASD (incidence, 8.3 cases per 10000 persons), mainly autism, in the smaller subset with complete parental age data.
   Results: There was a significant monotonic association between advancing paternal age and risk of ASD. Offspring ofmen 40 years or olderwere 5.75 times (95% confidence interval, 2.65-12.46; P <.001) more likely to have ASD compared with offspring of menyounger than 30 years, after controlling for year of birth, socioeconomic status, and maternal age. Advancing maternal age showed no association with ASD after adjusting for paternal age. Sensitivity analyses indicated that these findings were not the result of bias due to missing data on maternal age.
   Conclusions: Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risk of ASD. Possible biological mechanisms include de novo mutations associated with advancing age or alterations in genetic imprinting.
C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA.
   Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
   Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
   Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Social Work, Ramat Gan, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Social Work, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Reichenberg, A (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM avi.reichenberg@mssm.edu
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NR 56
TC 255
Z9 261
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 0003-990X
J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT
JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 9
BP 1026
EP 1032
DI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.1026
PG 7
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 080GA
UT WOS:000240234700010
PM 16953005
ER

PT J
AU Mercadante, MT
   Macedo, EC
   Baptista, PM
   Paula, CS
   Schwartzman, JS
AF Mercadante, Marcos T.
   Macedo, Elizeu C.
   Baptista, Patricia M.
   Paula, Cristiane S.
   Schwartzman, Jose S.
TI Saccadic movements using eye-tracking technology in individuals with
   autism spectrum disorders - Pilot study
SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; pervasive development disorder; eye
   movement
ID GAZE; FIXATION; PHENOTYPE; INSIGHTS; CHILDREN; BRAIN; FACES
AB Objective: To verify differences in the visual scanning strategies between pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and controls when they are observing social and non-social pictures. Method: PDD group (PDDG) comprised by 10 non-retarded subjects (age from 4 to 41) and age-matched control group (CG). Nine social pictures with human beings (including two pictures of cat mask), and 3 nonsocial pictures of objects were presented for 5 seconds. Saccadic movements and fixation were recorded with equipment EyeGaze((R)) (LC Technologies Inc.). Results: PDDG (mean=292.73, SE=67.62) presented longer duration of saccadic movements for social pictures compared to CG (mean=136.06, SE=14.01) (p=0.04). The CG showed a higher number of fixations in the picture 7 (a women using a cat mask, with the eyes erased) (CG: mean=3.40; PDDG: mean=1.80; p=0.007). Conclusion: The results suggest differences in strategies that PDD explore human picture. Moreover, these strategies seem not to be affected by the lack of expected part of the face (the eyes).
C1 Mackenzie Presbyterian Univ, Dev Disorder Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Mercadante, MT (reprint author), Mackenzie Presbyterian Univ, Dev Disorder Program, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
EM mercadante@mackenzie.br
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NR 20
TC 7
Z9 9
PU ASSOC ARQUIVOS DE NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO SP
PA PR AMADEU AMARAL 47/33, 01327-010 SAO PAULO SP, BRAZIL
SN 0004-282X
J9 ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT
JI Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 64
IS 3A
BP 559
EP 562
DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2006000400003
PG 4
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 085OU
UT WOS:000240614200003
PM 17119790
ER

PT J
AU Goin-Kochel, RP
   Mackintosh, VH
   Myers, BJ
AF Goin-Kochel, Robin P.
   Mackintosh, Virginia H.
   Myers, Barbara J.
TI How many doctors does it take to make an autism spectrum diagnosis?
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum; diagnosis; diagnostic age; parent satisfaction
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; DISORDER; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFICULTIES;
   CARE
AB Parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders (n = 494) were surveyed to determine their level of satisfaction with the process of getting an autism spectrum diagnosis. Participants in this web-based study (mean age = 37.8 years) came from five countries and reported on children with an average age of 8.3 years (range = 1.7 to 22.1). All children had a diagnosis of either autism (59.9%), Asperger syndrome (23.5%), or PDD-NOS (16.6%). Higher levels of parental education and income were associated with earlier diagnosis and greater satisfaction with the diagnostic process. Parents were more satisfied with the diagnostic process when they saw fewer professionals to get the diagnosis and when the children received the diagnoses at younger ages.
C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Goin-Kochel, RP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, 6621 Fannin St CC1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM kochel@bcm.tmc.edu
CR Ahern K., 2000, EARLY EDUC DEV, V11, P187, DOI 10.1207/s15566935eed1102_4
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NR 27
TC 62
Z9 62
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 439
EP 451
DI 10.1177/1362361306066601
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600002
PM 16940311
ER

PT J
AU Harrington, JW
   Patrick, PA
   Edwards, KS
   Brand, DA
AF Harrington, John W.
   Patrick, Patricia A.
   Edwards, Karen S.
   Brand, Donald A.
TI Parental beliefs about autism - Implications for the treating physician
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE alternative medicine; autism diagnosis; autism etiology; autism therapy;
   complementary medicine
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMPLEMENTARY; PREVALENCE; CHECKLIST; TODDLERS
AB This study investigated parental beliefs about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Sixty-two families of affected children completed a questionnaire asking when the parent first noticed developmental or behavioral problems, when they were told the diagnosis, how confident they were about the ability of their child's physician to recognize autism, whether they believed anything specific might have caused their child's autism, and what medications and complementary or alternative therapies they had tried. Two-thirds of parents suspected a specific cause, and three-quarters questioned their physician's ability. Parents who perceived a greater delay in diagnosis or who had tried more different therapies both tended to have less confidence in their physician (p = 0.20 and p = 0.07, respectively). Physicians should inquire about parental beliefs concerning etiology, learn what treatments the children are receiving, perform screening at the 18 month visit, and make referrals for further evaluation as soon as a child begins to exhibit signs suggestive of autism.
C1 New York Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
RP Harrington, JW (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Dept Pediat, 312 Munger Pavillon, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
EM John_Harrington@nymc.edu
CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
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NR 16
TC 25
Z9 25
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 452
EP 462
DI 10.1177/1362361306066609
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600003
PM 16940312
ER

PT J
AU Dale, E
   Jahoda, A
   Knott, F
AF Dale, Emily
   Jahoda, Andrew
   Knott, Fiona
TI Mothers' attributions following their child's diagnosis of autistic
   spectrum disorder - Exploring links with maternal levels of stress,
   depression and expectations about their child's future
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE attributions; autistic spectrum disorder (ASD); mothers
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FAMILIES; PARENTS; INTERVENTION; GUIDELINES;
   PREDICTORS; BELIEFS
AB Although the impact of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on the family is well recognized, the way mothers attempt to make sense of the diagnosis is largely unexplored. However, in other disabilities, attributions have been shown to predict a variety of outcomes including maternal wellbeing and engagement in treatment. Using Weiner's (198S) three-dimensional model, 16 mothers were interviewed to examine the nature and impact of their beliefs about their child's ASD using semi-structured interviews and measures of depression, parenting stress and expectations for their child's future. The findings suggested that mothers made a diverse and complex range of attributions that were consistent with Weiner's dimensions of locus of cause, stability and controllability. The nature of their attributions reflected particular difficulties associated with ASDs, such as uncertainties regarding cause and prognosis. Taking account of mothers' search for meaning will better enable professionals to support families following diagnosis.
C1 Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
   Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
RP Dale, E (reprint author), Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Trust, Newcastle Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth Serv, Fleming Nuffield Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 3AE, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM Emily.Dale@nmht.nhs.uk
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NR 41
TC 22
Z9 23
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 463
EP 479
DI 10.1177/1362361306066600
PG 17
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600004
PM 16940313
ER

PT J
AU Kern, JK
   Trivedi, MH
   Garver, CR
   Grannemann, BD
   Andrews, AA
   Savla, JS
   Johnson, DG
   Mehta, JA
   Schroeder, JL
AF Kern, Janet K.
   Trivedi, Madhukar H.
   Garver, Carolyn R.
   Grannemann, Bruce D.
   Andrews, Alonzo A.
   Savla, Jayshree S.
   Johnson, Danny G.
   Mehta, Jyutika A.
   Schroeder, Jennifer L.
TI The pattern of sensory processing abnormalities in autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; sensory processing; Sensory Profile
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; DEFENSIVENESS; CHILDREN; PROFILE
AB The study was undertaken to evaluate the nature of sensory dysfunction in persons with autism. The cross-sectional study examined auditory, visual, oral, and touch sensory processing, as measured by the Sensory Profile, in 104 persons with a diagnosis of autism, 3-56 years of age, gender- and age-matched to community controls. Persons with autism had abnormal auditory, visual, touch, and oral sensory processing that was significantly different from controls. This finding was also apparent when the high and low thresholds of these modalities were examined separately. At later ages for the group with autism, lower levels of abnormal sensory processing were found, except for low threshold touch, which did not improve significantly. There was a Significant interaction in low threshold auditory and low threshold visual, suggesting that the two groups change differently over time on these variables. These results suggest that sensory abnormalities in autism are global in nature (involving several modalities) but have the potential to improve with age.
C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
   Autism Treatment Ctr, Dallas, TX USA.
RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 6363 Forest Pk Rd,Suite 13-354, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
EM janet.kern@UTSouthwestern.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Baranek GT, 1997, OCCUP THER J RES, V17, P173
   Baranek GT, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P91
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NR 16
TC 102
Z9 103
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 480
EP 494
DI 10.1177/1362361306066564
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600005
PM 16940314
ER

PT J
AU Massaro, DW
   Bosseler, A
AF Massaro, Dominic W.
   Bosseler, Alexis
TI Read my lips - The importance of the face in a computer-animated tutor
   for vocabulary learning by children with autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; computer animation; language learning; vocabulary tutor
ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS; EVOKED-RESPONSES; RECOGNITION; ACQUISITION; DESIGN
AB A computer-animated tutor, Baldi, has been successful in teaching vocabulary and grammar to children with autism and those with hearing problems. The present study assessed to what extent the face facilitated this learning process relative to the voice alone. Baldi was implemented in a Language Wizard/Tutor, which allows easy creation and presentation of a vocabulary lesson involving the association of pictures and spoken words. The lesson plan included both the receptive identification of pictures and the production of spoken words. A within-subject design with five children with autism followed an alternating treatment in which each child continuously learned to criterion sets of words with and without the face. The rate of learning was significantly faster and the retention was better with the face. The research indicates that at least some children with autism benefit from the face in learning new language within an automated program.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Psychol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Massaro, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Psychol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM massaro@fuzzy.ucsc.edu
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NR 29
TC 15
Z9 17
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 495
EP 510
DI 10.1177/1362361306066599
PG 16
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600006
PM 16940315
ER

PT J
AU Renty, J
   Roeyers, H
AF Renty, Jo |
   Roeyers, Herbert
TI Quality of life in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder
   - The predictive value of disability and support characteristics
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE adults; formal support; informal support; needs assessment; quality of
   life
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; CAMBERWELL ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT;
   CHILDREN; NEEDS; RELIABILITY; COMMUNITY; VALIDITY; OUTCOMES
AB Although the concept of quality of life has increasingly been used in the field of intellectual disabilities over the past three decades, the factors contributing to quality of life of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have received relatively little attention. In this study, disability and support characteristics associated with variations in the level of quality of life among adults with ASD are identified, using self-report measures. Fifty-eight high-functioning adults with ASD participated in the study. The results of a multiple linear regression analysis reveal that support characteristics are related to quality of life in adults with ASD, whereas disability characteristics are not. The R-2 effect size (0.620) is large and significant. The results reinforce the significance of an available supportive social network, the importance of a substantial needs assessment and effective professional support.
C1 Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Res Grp Dev Disorders, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
RP Renty, J (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Res Grp Dev Disorders, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM Jo.Renty@skynet.be
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NR 43
TC 45
Z9 45
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 511
EP 524
DI 10.1177/1362361306066604
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 095AC
UT WOS:000241279600007
PM 16940316
ER

PT J
AU Penet, MF
   Laigle, C
   Le Fur, Y
   Confort-Gouny, S
   Heurteaux, C
   Cozzone, PJ
   Viola, A
AF Penet, Marie-France
   Laigle, Christophe
   Le Fur, Yann
   Confort-Gouny, Sylviane
   Heurteaux, Catherine
   Cozzone, Patrick J.
   Viola, Angele
TI In vivo characterization of brain morphometric and metabolic
   endophenotypes in three inbred strains of mice using magnetic resonance
   techniques
SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE mouse strains; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); magnetic resonance
   spectroscopy (MRS); brain; neurochemistry; psychiatry; neurology
ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT;
   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; N-ACETYLASPARTATE; RELAXATION-TIMES; CRITICAL
   REGION; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY
AB C57BL/6J, FVB/N and 129/SvJ mice are commonly used as background strains to engineer genetic models of brain pathologies and psychiatric disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy provide alternative approaches to neuroanatomy, histology and neurohistochemistry for investigating the correlation between genes and brain neuroanatomy and neurometabolism in vivo. We used these techniques to non-invasively characterize the cerebral morphologic and metabolic endophenotypes of inbred mouse strains commonly used in neurological and behavioral research. We observed a great variability in the volume of ventricles and of structures involved in cognitive function (cerebellum and hippocampus) among these strains. In addition, distinct metabolic profiles were evidenced with variable levels of N-acetylaspartate, a neuronal marker, and of choline, a compound found in membranes and myelin. Besides, significant differences in high-energy phosphates and phospholipids were detected. Our findings demonstrate the great morphologic and metabolic heterogeneity among C57BL/6J, FVB/N and 129/SvJ mice. They emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate genetic background for over-expressing or silencing a gene and provide some directions for modeling symptoms that characterize psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and depression.
C1 Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, UMR CNRS 6612, Ctr Resonance Magnet Biol & Med, F-13005 Marseille, France.
   UNSA, CNRS, IPMC UMR 6097, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
RP Viola, A (reprint author), Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, UMR CNRS 6612, Ctr Resonance Magnet Biol & Med, 27 Bd J Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France.
EM viola@medecine.univ-mrs.fr
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NR 86
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0001-8244
J9 BEHAV GENET
JI Behav. Genet.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 732
EP 744
DI 10.1007/s10519-006-9077-4
PG 13
WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology
GA 071HG
UT WOS:000239589700011
PM 16710778
ER

PT J
AU Kana, RK
   Keller, TA
   Cherkassky, VL
   Minshew, NJ
   Just, MA
AF Kana, Rajesh K.
   Keller, Timothy A.
   Cherkassky, Vladimir L.
   Minshew, Nancy J.
   Just, Marcel Adam
TI Sentence comprehension in autism: thinking in pictures with decreased
   functional connectivity
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; cortical connectivity; high imagery; low imagery; functional MRI
ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; HUMAN CORPUS-CALLOSUM;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; BRAIN; COMMUNICATION;
   INDIVIDUALS; SUPERIOR; TASK
AB Comprehending high-imagery sentences like The number eight when rotated 90 degrees looks like a pair of eyeglasses involves the participation and integration of several cortical regions. The linguistic content must be processed to determine what is to be mentally imaged, and then the mental image must be evaluated and related to the sentence. A theory of cortical underconnectivity in autism predicts that the interregional collaboration required between linguistic and imaginal processing in this task would be underserved in autism. This functional MRI study examined brain activation in 12 participants with autism and 13 age- and IQ-matched control participants while they processed sentences with either high- or low-imagery content. The analysis of functional connectivity among cortical regions showed that the language and spatial centres in the participants with autism were not as well synchronized as in controls. In addition to the functional connectivity differences, there was also a group difference in activation. In the processing of low-imagery sentences (e.g. Addition, subtraction and multiplication are all moth skills), the use of imagery is not essential to comprehension. Nevertheless, the autism group activated parietal and occipital brain regions associated with imagery for comprehending both the low and high-imagery sentences, suggesting that they were using mental imagery in both conditions. In contrast, the control group showed imagery-related activation primarily in the high-imagery condition. The findings provide further evidence of underintegration of language and imagery in autism (and hence expand the understanding of underconnectivity) but also show that people with autism are more reliant on visualization to support language comprehension.
C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Cognit Brain Imaging, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Kana, RK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Cognit Brain Imaging, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM rkana@andrew.cmu.edu
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NR 59
TC 181
Z9 183
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 129
BP 2484
EP 2493
DI 10.1093/brain/awl164
PN 9
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 086NG
UT WOS:000240679700023
PM 16835247
ER

PT J
AU Zeegers, M
   Van Der Grond, J
   Durston, S
   Nievelstein, RJ
   Witkamp, T
   Van Daalen, E
   Buitelaar, J
   Van Engeland, H
AF Zeegers, Mijke
   Van Der Grond, Jeroen
   Durston, Sarah
   Nievelstein, Rutger Jan
   Witkamp, Theo
   Van Daalen, Emma
   Buitelaar, Jan
   Van Engeland, Herman
TI Radiological findings in autistic and developmentally delayed children
SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE MRI; brain; radiological findings; autism; developmental delay
ID VIRCHOW-ROBIN SPACES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; DISORDER;
   BRAIN; MRI
AB Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of brain abnormalities in a group of young children with developmental disorders, specifically including children that came to the attention of a child psychiatrist before the age of 3 years. Methods. Forty-five children participated in an MR study (mean age 43 months, SD = 12, four females). The study design was approved by the local Medical Ethical Review Board. All parents gave written informed consent. Scans were independently assessed by two board-certified radiologists for malformations of gray and white matter. Results. Cohen's kappa for the consensus between the two raters was 0.79. In 22 children (49%) abnormalities were reported. Four patients (8.5%) had an arachnoid cyst. One female was diagnosed with a Chiari I malformation. Three children show enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces, an increased occurrence when compared to the normal population. Conclusions. A high rate of intracranial abnormalities was found in this study. Radiological findings do not contribute to the diagnosis of developmental disorders. However, young children with developmental disorders may not be able to express discomfort associated with brain abnormalities, such as a Chiari I malformation. Given the high prevalence of abnormalities in this sample neuroimaging may be a useful tool in clinically assessing children with developmental disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Med Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   UMC St Radboud, Dept Psychiat, Acad Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
RP Zeegers, M (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Med Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM m.zeegers@umcutrecht.nl
RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012
OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757
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NR 28
TC 9
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0387-7604
J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN
JI Brain Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 28
IS 8
BP 495
EP 499
DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2006.02.006
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 074UO
UT WOS:000239837500004
PM 16616445
ER

PT J
AU McGraw-Hunter, M
   Faw, GD
   Davis, PK
AF McGraw-Hunter, M.
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   Davis, P. K.
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LA English
DT Article
DE modelling; video self-modelling; cooking; activities of daily living
ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; REHABILITATION; SETTINGS
AB Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of video self-modelling plus prompting and feedback to teach a cooking skill to people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine skill generalization to a novel food item.
   Research design: Multiple probe across participants.
   Methods and procedures: Four individuals with TBI received instruction in cooking. They watched videotapes of themselves cooking and practiced that skill while receiving prompts and feedback. Treatment effects were evaluated by comparing performance before, during and after training and at a 2 and 4 week follow-up. Additionally, cooking performance on a novel food item was examined.
   Main outcomes and results: Three of the four individuals achieved criterion performance within four training sessions. Those individuals also substantially maintained their skills 2 and 4 weeks following training and generalized their skills to a novel food item.
   Conclusions: Video self-modelling plus prompting and feedback appears to be an effective treatment for teaching simple cooking skills to individuals with TBI. Further research should examine whether the video alone is sufficient for skill acquisition and evaluate the effectiveness of video self-modelling to teach other skills.
C1 So Illinois Univ, Inst Rehabil, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
   Ctr Comprehens Serv, Carbondale, IL USA.
RP Davis, PK (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Inst Rehabil, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM pdavis@siu.edu
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NR 23
TC 19
Z9 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-9052
J9 BRAIN INJURY
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IS 10
BP 1061
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GA 093FA
UT WOS:000241152100008
PM 17060139
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PT J
AU Akbarian, S
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AF Akbarian, Schahram
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TI Molecular and cellular mechanisms of altered GAD1/GAD67 expression in
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SO BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE schizophrenia; interneuron; GABA; brain-derived neurotrophic factor;
   glutamic acid decarboxylase; single nucleotide polymorphisms
ID GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; MESSENGER-RNA
   EXPRESSION; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; CHILDHOOD-ONSET
   SCHIZOPHRENIA; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX;
   CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; HETEROZYGOUS REELER MICE; BIPOLAR DISORDER
AB The 67 and 65 kDa isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the key enzymes for GABA biosynthesis, are expressed at altered levels in postmortem brain of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders, including autism and bipolar illness. The predominant finding is a decrease in GAD67 mRNA levels, affecting multiple brain regions, including prefrontal and temporal cortex. Postmortem studies, in conjunction with animal models, identified several mechanisms that contribute to the dysregulation of GAD67 in cerebral cortex. These include disordered connectivity formation during development, abnormal expression of Reelin and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) glycoproteins, defects in neurotrophin signaling and alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. These mechanisms are likely to operate in conjunction with genetic risk factors for psychosis, including sequence polymorphisms residing in the promoter of GAD1 (2q31), the gene encoding GAD67. We propose an integrative model, with multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to transcriptional dysregulation of GAD67 and cortical dysfunction in psychosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Brudnick Neuropsychiat Res Inst, Worcester, MA 01604 USA.
RP Akbarian, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Brudnick Neuropsychiat Res Inst, 303 Belmont St, Worcester, MA 01604 USA.
EM Schahram.akbarian@umassmed.edu
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NR 129
TC 155
Z9 159
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0173
J9 BRAIN RES REV
JI Brain Res. Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 2
BP 293
EP 304
DI 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.04.001
PG 12
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 088EK
UT WOS:000240794100006
PM 16759710
ER

PT J
AU Leel, A
   Hobson, RP
AF Leel, Anthony
   Hobson, R. Peter
TI Drawing self and others: How do children with autism differ from those
   with learning difficulties?
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REPRESENTATIONAL CHANGE; VISUAL REALISM; HUMAN FIGURE; ADOLESCENTS;
   ABILITY
AB When children draw pictures of human beings, they reveal things not only about their general intellectual and artistic abilities, but also about their awareness and conception of themselves and others. What might the human figure drawings of children with autism reveal about their images of self and other - and what might they disclose about social factors that shape the drawings of children who do not have autism? On the basis of an hypothesis about the restricted social awareness of children and adolescents with autism, we predicted that there would be little differentiation between their drawings of themselves and other people. To test this prediction, we investigated a group of children and adolescents with autism and a group with learning difficulties but not autism (N = 14 per group) who were individually matched for both chronological age and verbal mental age. Participants with autism mostly drew human figures that were little distinguished from one another, but introduced clear contrasts among their houses, whereas most of those with learning difficulties drew distinctive human figures as well as houses. These different profiles of performance occurred despite similarities in the numbers and kinds of feature included in the drawings, and the individuality of participants' drawing styles. Although the results were in keeping with our hypothesis that human figure drawings might reflect abnormalities in the way that children with autism mentally represent themselves and others, we conclude by stressing our tentativeness over this interpretation of the findings.
C1 Tavistock Clin, Adult Dept, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, London NW3 5BA, England.
   Univ Coll, Inst Child Hlth, Brain & Behav Sci Unit, London, England.
RP Leel, A (reprint author), Tavistock Clin, Adult Dept, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, England.
EM tony.lee03@btopenworld.com
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NR 55
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0261-510X
J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL
JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 24
BP 547
EP 565
DI 10.1348/026151005X49881
PN 3
PG 19
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 087FF
UT WOS:000240727600007
ER

PT J
AU Hadjikhani, N
   Joseph, RM
   Snyder, J
   Tager-Flusberg, H
AF Hadjikhani, Nouchine
   Joseph, Robert M.
   Snyder, Josh
   Tager-Flusberg, Helen
TI Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognition
   network in autism
SO CEREBRAL CORTEX
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; cortical thickness; empathy; mirror neuron system
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE IMAGES; SUPERIOR
   TEMPORAL SULCUS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE;
   ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MOTOR FACILITATION; SPECTRUM
   DISORDER; BRAIN STRUCTURE
AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired social and emotional skills, the anatomical substrate of which is still unknown. In this study, we compared a group of 14 high-functioning ASD adults with a group of controls matched for sex, age, intelligence quotient, and handedness. We used an automated technique of analysis that accurately measures the thickness of the cerebral cortex and generates cross-subject statistics in a coordinate system based on cortical anatomy. We found local decreases of gray matter in the ASD group in areas belonging to the mirror neuron system (MINIS), argued to be the basis of empathic behavior. Cortical thinning of the MNS was correlated with ASD symptom severity. Cortical thinning was also observed in areas involved in emotion recognition and social cognition. These findings suggest that the social and emotional deficits characteristic of autism may reflect abnormal thinning of the MNS and the broader network of cortical areas subserving social cognition.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
   Harvard Univ, MIT, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
RP Hadjikhani, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Bldg 36,1st St,Room 417, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
EM nouchine@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu
RI Hadjikhani, Nouchine/C-2018-2008; Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009;
   Joseph, Roy/D-8530-2015
OI Hadjikhani, Nouchine/0000-0003-4075-3106; 
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NR 116
TC 215
Z9 226
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1047-3211
J9 CEREB CORTEX
JI Cereb. Cortex
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 16
IS 9
BP 1276
EP 1282
DI 10.1093/cercor/bh069
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 072QV
UT WOS:000239689000005
PM 16306324
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, B
AF Taylor, B.
TI Vaccines and the changing epidemiology of autism
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; epidemiology; immunization; pervasive developmental disorders;
   prevalence data
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; RUBELLA VACCINE;
   THIMEROSAL EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDER; MMR
   VACCINATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; NO EVIDENCE; PREVALENCE
AB Background:The epidemiology of autism has been rather confusing, with very variable published prevalence figures and no clear incidence data. The cause of autism is unclear; vaccines have been incriminated.
   Methods:Literature review and interpretation.
   Results:The recorded prevalence of autism has increased considerably in recent years. This reflects greater recognition, with changes in diagnostic practice associated with more trained diagnosticians; broadening of diagnostic criteria to include a spectrum of disorder; a greater willingness by parents and educationalists to accept the label (in part because of entitlement to services); and better recording systems, among other factors. The cause(s) of autism remains unclear. There is a strong genetic component which, along with prenatally determined neuro-anatomical/biochemical changes, makes any post-natal 'cause' unlikely.
   Conclusions:There has (probably) been no real increase in the incidence of autism. There is no scientific evidence that the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine or the mercury preservative used in some vaccines plays any part in the aetiology or triggering of autism, even in a subgroup of children with the condition.
C1 Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, London NW3 2PF, England.
RP Taylor, B (reprint author), Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, UCL Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, England.
EM brent.taylor@medschool.ucl.ac.uk
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NR 37
TC 16
Z9 17
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 511
EP 519
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00655.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400002
PM 16919130
ER

PT J
AU Wigram, T
   Gold, C
AF Wigram, T.
   Gold, C.
TI Music therapy in the assessment and treatment of autistic spectrum
   disorder: clinical application and research evidence
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE music therapy; assessment; research evidence; autism; clinical reports
ID JOINT ATTENTION; CHILDREN; SKILLS; METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIORS;
   IMITATION
AB Background:Children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) presenting with significant limitations in conventional forms of verbal and non-verbal communication are found to respond positively to music therapy intervention involving both active, improvizational methods and receptive music therapy approaches. Improvizational musical activity with therapeutic objectives and outcomes has been found to facilitate motivation, communication skills and social interaction, as well as sustaining and developing attention. The structure and predictability found in music assist in reciprocal interaction, from which tolerance, flexibility and social engagement to build relationships emerge, relying on a systematic approach to promote appropriate and meaningful interpersonal responses.
   Results:Published reports of the value and effectiveness of music therapy as an intervention for children with ASD range from controlled studies to clinical case reports. Further documentation has emphasized the role music therapy plays in diagnostic and clinical assessment. Music therapy assessment can identify limitations and weaknesses in children, as well as strengths and potentials. Research evidence from a systematic review found two randomized controlled trials that examined short-term effects of structured music therapy intervention. Significant effects were found in these studies even with extremely small samples, and the findings are important because they demonstrate the potential of the medium of music for autistic children. Case series studies were identified that examined the effects of improvizational music therapy where communicative behaviour, language development, emotional responsiveness, attention span and behavioural control improved over the course of an intervention of improvizational music therapy.
C1 Univ Aalborg, Inst Musik & Musikterapi, Fac Humanities, Aalborg, Denmark.
   Sogn Fjordane Univ, Fac Hlth Studies, N-6851 Sogndal, Norway.
RP Wigram, T (reprint author), Univ Aalborg, Inst Musik & Musikterapi, Fac Humanities, Aalborg, Denmark.
EM tony@hum.aau.dk
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NR 50
TC 24
Z9 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 535
EP 542
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00615.x
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400004
PM 16919132
ER

PT J
AU Jones, G
AF Jones, G.
TI Department for Education and Skills/Department of Health Good Practice
   Guidance on the education of children with autistic spectrum disorder
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; education; national guidance
ID EARLY INTERVENTION; ISSUES
AB Currently, it is held by many that educational interventions are those most likely to make a significant difference to the prognosis and well-being of a child with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, decision making about educational interventions and provision in ASD is often based on beliefs, tradition and assumptions, rather than on empirical evidence. This can lead to inappropriate or ineffective provision and can cause confusion and conflict between and within professional groups and parents. Little rigorous research evidence exists to guide decisions for children with ASD. This is true for educational practice generally, and for children with other special educational needs. Practitioners and parents alike are keen for good information on how best to educate children with ASD. It was against this background that the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and Department of Health (DoH) convened a working group of experienced practitioners and parents to produce the 'Good Practice Guidance on ASDs'. This paper explores the need for the DfES/DoH Guidance, describes its structure and content and then suggests why research evidence is sparse and how future research might be enhanced to inform practice.
C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
RP Jones, G (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
EM g.e.jones@bham.ac.uk
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NR 53
TC 4
Z9 4
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 543
EP 552
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00680.x
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400005
PM 16919133
ER

PT J
AU McConachie, H
   Robinson, G
AF McConachie, H.
   Robinson, G.
TI What services do young children with autism spectrum disorder receive?
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; key workers; multidisciplinary; service utilization; specialist
   early years provision
AB Background:In recent years, standards of good practice have been set for services to young children with autism spectrum disorders.
   Methods:Data were analysed on children's use of local services during a 2-year follow-up of families involved in an evaluation of a group course for parents. Data collection began prior to publication of the standards.
   Results:Families' reported experiences changed over time, but for most did not meet standards suggested: involvement with a multi-agency team of professionals, having someone who acted as a key worker, and the child accessing 15 h per week of specialist provision.
   Conclusion:The development of flexible and responsive services appears to have a long way to go to meet standards set in the Autistic Spectrum Disorders Good Practice Guidance (2002) and the National Autism Plan for Children (2003).
C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Clin Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Clin Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Royal Victoria Infirm, Sir James Spence Inst, Sch Clin Med, Queen Vic Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM h.r.mcconachie@ncl.ac.uk
CR *AUS COMM, 2003, SERV DIS CHILDR
   Beresford BA, 1995, EXPERT OPINIONS NATL
   Bromley J, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P409, DOI 10.1177/1362361304047224
   CHRISTIE P, 2005, NAT AUT SOC INT C LO
   *DFES DOH, 2002, AUT SPECTR DIS GOOD
   McConachie HR, 1999, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V25, P157, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2214.1999.25220121.x
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NR 11
TC 9
Z9 9
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 553
EP 557
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00672.x
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400006
PM 16919134
ER

PT J
AU Preece, PM
   Mott, J
AF Preece, P. M.
   Mott, J.
TI Multidisciplinary assessment at a child development centre: do we
   conform to recommended standards?
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE children; neurodisability; multidisciplinary assessment; service
   delivery
AB Background:A proposed standard for the multidisciplinary assessment (MDA) of children with autism has been recently published by the National Autistic Society. This prompted a review of current practice at the child development centre in our local centre, to judge whether we were able to conform to the proposed national standard. The recommendation is that a child should complete a three-stage assessment process from referral to completion of assessment within 30 weeks, with set times for completion of each stage (6, 7 and 17 weeks respectively). We applied this assessment model to children with a range of neurodevelopment problems, as the process of MDA is the same, irrespective of diagnosis.
   Methods:A retrospective analysis of medical and therapy records of all MDAs was carried out between April 2001 and March 2002.
   Results:In the 12-month period studied, 52 MDAs were performed. Delays occurred, as judged by the standard, at all three stages of the assessment process. A total of 42% of children were seen within 6 weeks of initial referral, 37% within a further 7 weeks for specialist assessment, and 37% within a further 17 weeks for completion of MDA. As delays occurred at all stages, the cumulative total showed that only 19% of children completed all three stages within the recommended 30-week standard. Barriers encountered included waiting times to see professionals, parental non-attendance and prolonged assessment of complex problems. Some of these factors are outside our control, and on removing these factors the data were re-analysed. This resulted in a slight improvement to 45%, 48% and 49% for completion of stages 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The major reason for delay remained the service capacity.
   Conclusions:In our experience the standards proposed by the National Autistic Society are not practical within present resources. We suggest that a reasonable expectation is to complete all assessments, from first concern to completed MDA, should be carried out within 52 weeks with present levels of resources. Any further improvement will require additional resources to reduce waiting times and increase the capacity.
C1 Chesterfield Royal Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Calow Chesterfield S44 5BL, England.
RP Preece, PM (reprint author), Chesterfield Royal Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Calow Chesterfield S44 5BL, England.
EM philip.preece@chesterfieldroyal.nhs.uk
CR *DEP ED SKILLS DEP, 2003, TOG START PRACT GUID
   *DEP HLTH, 2005, DEP HLTH GUID SERV P
   Department of Health, 2004, NAT SERV FRAM CHILDR
   *NAT AUT SOC BEH N, 2003, NAT AUT PLAN CHILDR
NR 4
TC 7
Z9 7
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 559
EP 563
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00656.x
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400007
PM 16919135
ER

PT J
AU Margetts, JK
   Le Couteur, A
   Croom, S
AF Margetts, J. K.
   Le Couteur, A.
   Croom, S.
TI Families in a state of flux: the experience of grandparents in autism
   spectrum disorder
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; child disability; child psychiatry; family functioning; mental
   health; pervasive developmental disorders
ID CHILDREN; SUPPORT; DISABILITIES; CAREGIVERS
AB Background:The experience of being a grandparent of a grandchild with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a previously under-researched area. This study sets out to examine the grandparents' own perspective in an exploratory way using a qualitative approach to answer the question, 'What is the experience like?'
   Method:A qualitative research project, using a purposive sampling technique and semi-structured interviews to examine the experiences of six grandparents of children with ASD diagnosed by a specialist team in a second opinion Tier 4 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service.
   Results:The experiences of the grandparents were characterized by three Key Themes which emerged from the interviews: (1) The Parental Bond (protective bonding towards grandchild and adult child); (2) Striving for Answers (searching for meaning); (3) Keeping Intact (holding the family together).
   Conclusion:The study suggests some interesting insights and confirms the need for more attention to this area. A key question raised by the study is how a child-focused multidisciplinary team can embrace its role in delivering a family-centred service. The clinical implications of this project have led to a change of practice in the specialist team. Further research would be appropriate to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and cost effectiveness of involving grandparents as part of the assessment process.
C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sir James Spence Inst, Royal Victoria Infirm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4HP, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Northumberland & Tyne & Wear NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4HP, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Northumbria Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4HP, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP Le Couteur, A (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sir James Spence Inst, Royal Victoria Infirm, Queen Vic Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4HP, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM a.s.lecouteur@newcastle.ac.uk
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NR 18
TC 13
Z9 14
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 565
EP 574
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00671.x
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400008
PM 16919136
ER

PT J
AU Santosh, PJ
   Baird, G
   Pityaratstian, N
   Tavare, E
   Gringras, P
AF Santosh, P. J.
   Baird, G.
   Pityaratstian, N.
   Tavare, E.
   Gringras, P.
TI Impact of comorbid autism spectrum disorders on stimulant response in
   children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a retrospective
   and prospective effectiveness study
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE ADHD; autism; stimulant medication
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION-CHECKLIST;
   METHYLPHENIDATE
AB Background: In the recent past, psychiatrists and paediatricians have avoided prescribing stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate and dexamphetamine to patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) because of both doubts about efficacy and concern that these medications make stereotypies worse. Recently, a number of small trials have suggested that methyphenidate does have a role in the management of hyperactivity in children with autistic spectrum disorders.
   Methods: Children with ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children with ADHD without ASD received standard treatment with methyphenidate from one specialist centre. A combination of standardized and novel outcome tools was used to allow both an exploratory retrospective study of 174 children and then a prospective study of a further 52 children to be carried out.
   Results: After treatment with stimulants, the subjects in both groups showed statistically significant improvements in target symptoms of 'hyperactivity', 'impulsivity', 'inattention', 'oppositionality', 'aggression' and 'intermittent explosive rage'. The Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and efficacy index measures also improved in each group. In both the retrospective and the prospective studies, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of improvements between each group. Importantly, neither tics nor repetitive behaviours worsened in either group. Children in the 'ADHD-only' group who were prescribed stimulants experienced significant 'nausea', 'giddiness', 'headaches' and 'sleep difficulties', whereas sleep difficulties were the only side effect that emerged in children in the ASD with ADHD group.
   Conclusions: Both studies presented here support previous findings from smaller studies that show children with autism and ADHD can respond as well to stimulants as children with ADHD alone. Although randomized controlled trials remain the gold standard for efficacy studies, systems like this that allow clinicians to continue rigorous and consistent monitoring for many years have a valuable role to play. Furthermore, such monitoring systems which now exist electronically can easily accumulate large data sets and reveal details about long-term effectiveness and long-term side effects of medication that are unlikely to be discovered in short-term trials.
C1 St Thomas Hosp, Elevina Childrens Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England.
   St Thomas Hosp, Dept Psychol Med, London SE1 7EH, England.
RP Gringras, P (reprint author), St Thomas Hosp, Elevina Childrens Hosp, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, England.
EM paul.gringras@gstt.nhs.uk
RI Santosh, Paramala/B-7303-2008
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 15
TC 39
Z9 39
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 575
EP 583
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00631.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400009
PM 16919137
ER

PT J
AU Gringras, P
   Santosh, P
   Baird, G
AF Gringras, P.
   Santosh, P.
   Baird, G.
TI Development of an Internet-based real-time system for monitoring
   pharmacological interventions in children with neurodevelopmental and
   neuropsychiatric disorders
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism; behaviour; quality of
   life; quantitative research methods
ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVIEW
AB Few children have a 'pure' diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism. Most have complex, overlapping symptoms, and it is often these associated and common comorbidities that cause as much, if not more impairments, than the core symptoms. Prescribing decisions are therefore complex and made on the basis of eliciting a range of agreed 'target symptoms'. At present, however, there are no agreed systems that allow monitoring of all areas of potential change, and few services are able to monitor symptoms, side effects, impact on family life and individual children's quality of life systematically. At best many clinics use a plethora of paper-based standardized questionnaires, based on individual diagnoses. This article describes the development of a novel biomedical informatics system that has been designed to allow parents, professionals and children to use a web-based, real-time symptom monitoring system to enable more effective treatments, better pathways of shared care, and more equitable and efficient service delivery for this group of vulnerable children.
C1 St Thomas Hosp, Evelina Childrens Hosp, London SE1 7EH, England.
   Inst Child Hlth, Dept Psychol Med, London, England.
   Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England.
RP Gringras, P (reprint author), St Thomas Hosp, Evelina Childrens Hosp, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, England.
EM paul.gringras@gstt.nhs.uk
RI Santosh, Paramala/B-7303-2008
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NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 5
BP 591
EP 600
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00653.x
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 071WU
UT WOS:000239635400011
PM 16919139
ER

PT J
AU O'Connell, PA
   Imhoff, A
AF O'Connell, P. A.
   Imhoff, A.
TI Asperger syndrome or autism? The backdrop to a reading disability
SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1385-4046
J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Clin. Neuropsychol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 20
IS 3
BP 579
EP 580
PG 2
WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 071MT
UT WOS:000239607000034
ER

PT J
AU Zakrzewski, CM
   Locascio, G
   Voelbel, GT
   Hendren, RL
   Bates, ME
AF Zakrzewski, C. M.
   Locascio, G.
   Voelbel, G. T.
   Hendren, R. L.
   Bates, M. E.
TI Gyrus volume differences in children with Asperger's disorder,
   high-functioning autism, and bipolar disorder
SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1385-4046
J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Clin. Neuropsychol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 20
IS 3
BP 583
EP 583
PG 1
WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 071MT
UT WOS:000239607000046
ER

PT J
AU Fisher, SE
AF Fisher, Simon E.
TI Tangled webs: Tracing the connections between genes and cognition
SO COGNITION
LA English
DT Review
DE genetics; linkage analysis; association analysis; developmental
   dyslexia; speech and language disorders; autism; FOXP2
ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCUS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER;
   DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DYSLEXIA SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS;
   CHROMOSOME 6P INFLUENCES; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; LANGUAGE DISORDER;
   READING-DISABILITY; GENOMEWIDE SCAN; COMPLEX TRAITS
AB The rise of molecular genetics is having a pervasive influence in a wide variety of fields, including research into neurodevelopmental disorders like dyslexia, speech and language impairments, and autism. There are many studies underway which are attempting to determine the roles of genetic factors in the aetiology of these disorders. Beyond the obvious implications for diagnosis, treatment and understanding, success in these efforts promises to shed light on the links between genes and aspects of cognition and behaviour. However, the deceptive simplicity of finding correlations between genetic and phenotypic variation has led to a common misconception that there exist straightforward linear relationships between specific genes and particular behavioural and/or cognitive outputs. The problem is exacerbated by the adoption of an abstract view of the nature of the gene, without consideration of molecular, developmental or ontogenetic frameworks. To illustrate the limitations of this perspective, I select two cases from recent research into the genetic underpinnings of neurodevelopmental disorders. First, I discuss the proposal that dyslexia can be dissected into distinct components specified by different genes. Second, I review the story of the FOXP2 gene and its role in human speech and language. In both cases, adoption of an abstract concept of the gene can lead to erroneous conclusions, which are incompatible with current knowledge of molecular and developmental systems. Genes do not specify behaviours or cognitive processes; they make regulatory factors, signalling molecules, receptors, enzymes, and so on, that interact in highly complex networks, modulated by environmental influences, in order to build and maintain the brain. I propose that it is necessary for us to fully embrace the complexity of biological systems, if we are ever to untangle the webs that link genes to cognition. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England.
RP Fisher, SE (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, England.
EM simon.fisher@well.ox.ac.uk
RI Fisher, Simon/E-9130-2012
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NR 117
TC 66
Z9 67
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-0277
J9 COGNITION
JI Cognition
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 101
IS 2
BP 270
EP 297
DI 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.04.004
PG 28
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 082VF
UT WOS:000240414600002
PM 16764847
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, S
   Leonard, A
   Mitchell, P
AF Parsons, Sarah
   Leonard, Anne
   Mitchell, Peter
TI Virtual environments for social skills training: comments from two
   adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder
SO COMPUTERS & EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
DE virtual reality; interactive learning environments; teaching/learning
   strategies; autism; social skills
ID CHILDREN; REALITY; COMPUTERS; TOOL; REHABILITATION; INSTRUCTION;
   VOCABULARY; TEACHER; BELIEF
AB Previous research has shown that computer-based tasks can motivate people with autism and encourage learning. As a computer-based medium, Virtual Environments (VEs) offer a potentially useful tool for social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, there are some concerns over whether people with ASDs can understand, use and interpret the technology appropriately. This paper adopts a qualitative case-study approach to report observations of, and comments from, two adolescent boys with ASDs, gathered during a series of sessions using a virtual cafe and bus environment. Although there were signs of repetitive behaviours, literal interpretation of the scenes, and that the VEs were treated as not having real-world relevance, these were not the dominant modes of responding. Instead, participants seemed to interpret the scenes meaningfully and appreciated the opportunities to discuss appropriate social responses with a facilitator sitting alongside. They enjoyed using the VEs and provided specific examples of how the VEs had helped, or could help, them in the real world. This gives encouraging support for the idea that VEs can be used and interpreted meaningfully by at least some students with ASDs. The paper concludes with some considerations for the future development of VEs for members of this population. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
RP Parsons, S (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
EM s.j.parsons@bham.ac.uk
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
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NR 40
TC 36
Z9 37
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-1315
J9 COMPUT EDUC
JI Comput. Educ.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 2
BP 186
EP 206
DI 10.1016/j.compedu.2004.10.003
PG 21
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education &
   Educational Research
SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research
GA 062EY
UT WOS:000238928600004
ER

PT J
AU Riikonen, R
   Makkonen, I
   Vanhala, R
   Turpeinen, U
   Kuikka, J
   Kokki, H
AF Riikonen, Raili
   Makkonen, Ismo
   Vanhala, Raija
   Turpeinen, Ursula
   Kuikka, Jyrki
   Kokki, Hannu
TI Cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 in
   infantile autism
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACTOR-I; BRAIN SIZE; RAT-BRAIN; CHILDREN; EXPRESSION; DISORDER;
   PATHWAYS; SURVIVAL; SYSTEM; MRI
AB There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. We measured insulin-like growth factors (IGF) -1 and -2 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by radio immunoassay in 25 children with autism (median age 5y 5mo; range 1y 11mo-15y 10mo; 20 males, 5 females), and in 16 age-matched comparison children without disability (median age 7y 4mo; range 1y 1mo-15y 2mo; eight males, eight females). IGF-1 and -2 concentrations were further correlated with age of patients and head size. OF IGF-1 concentration was significantly lower in patients with autism than in the comparison group. The CSF concentrations of children with autism under 5 years of age were significantly lower than their age-matched comparisons. The head circumferences correlated with CSF IGF-1 in children with autism but no such correlation was found in the comparison group. There was no difference between the two groups in CSF IGF-2 concentrations. No patients with autism had macrocephaly. We conclude that low concentrations of CSF IGF-1 at an early age might be linked with the pathogenesis in autism because IGF-1 is important for the survival of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The head growth might be explained by the actions of IGF-1 and -2 reflected in CSF concentrations.
C1 Univ Kuopio, Cent Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
   Hosp Children & Adolescents, Dept Clin Neurol, Helsinki, Finland.
   Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland.
   Univ Kuopio, Cent Hosp, Dept Anaesthesiol & Intens Care, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
RP Riikonen, R (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Cent Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
EM raili.riikonen@kolumbus.fi
CR Adrien JL, 2001, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V39, P124, DOI 10.1002/dev.1036
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NR 29
TC 27
Z9 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 9
BP 751
EP 755
DI 10.1017/S0012162206001605
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 079KA
UT WOS:000240173500011
PM 16904022
ER

PT J
AU Losh, M
   Capps, L
AF Losh, Molly
   Capps, Lisa
TI Understanding of emotional experience in autism: Insights from the
   personal accounts of high-functioning children with autism
SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; emotion; language
ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SELF; RECOGNITION; COMPETENCE; PERCEPTION;
   COGNITION; DISORDER; MEMORY; ADULTS; MIND
AB In this study, the authors investigate emotional understanding in autism through a discourse analytic framework to provide a window into children's strategies for interpreting emotional versus nonemotional encounters and consider the implications for the mechanisms underlying emotional understanding in typical development. Accounts were analyzed for thematic content and discourse structure. Whereas high-functioning children with autism were able to discuss contextually appropriate accounts of simple emotions, their strategies for interpreting all types of emotional (but not nonemotional) experiences differed from those used by typically developing children. High-functioning children with autism were less inclined to organize their emotional accounts in personalized causal-explanatory frameworks and displayed a tendency to describe visually salient elements of experiences seldom observed among comparison children. Findings suggest that children with autism possess less coherent representations of emotional experiences and use alternative strategies for interpreting emotionally evocative encounters. Discussion focuses on the significance of these findings for informing the nature of emotional dysfunction in autism as well as implications for theories of emotional understanding in typical development.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Losh, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, CB 3366, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM losh@med.unc.edu
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NR 72
TC 44
Z9 45
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0012-1649
J9 DEV PSYCHOL
JI Dev. Psychol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 42
IS 5
BP 809
EP 818
DI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.809
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 084JZ
UT WOS:000240530500005
PM 16953688
ER

PT J
AU Mancil, GR
AF Mancil, G. Richmond
TI Functional communication training: A review of the literature related to
   children with autism
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Review
ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DISABILITIES
AB Numerous researchers have employed functional communication training (FCT) to address both the communication and behavioral needs of children with autism. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine FCT, particularly, the environments and individuals involved in the training and the effectiveness of FCT with children who have a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to provide suggestions for practitioners and researchers. FCT consistently reduces challenging behavior and increases communication; however, the majority of research is clinically based and focuses on one communication and. Future research teams should address maintenance and generalization by training teachers in classrooms and parents in homes while collecting data across time.
C1 Univ Florida, Dept Special Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Mancil, GR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Special Educ, G-315 Norman Hall,POB 117050, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   Bott C, 1997, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V41, P3, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00671.x
   Brady N. C., 1997, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V12, P95
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   Durand V. M., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS, V15, P110, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600207
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   DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119
   Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES OT
   HORNER RH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P719, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-719
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   2003, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA
SN 1547-0350
J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB
JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 3
BP 213
EP 224
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 075VB
UT WOS:000239912300002
ER

PT J
AU Eaves, RC
   Woods-Groves, S
   Williams, TO
   Fall, AM
AF Eaves, Ronald C.
   Woods-Groves, Suzanne
   Williams, Thomas O., Jr.
   Fall, Anna-Maria
TI Reliability and validity of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Rating
   Scale and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID BEHAVIOR
AB The psychometric properties of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Rating scale (Eaves, 2003) and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (Gilliam, 1995) were investigated in this study. One hundred thirty-four individuals with autism, other pervasive developmental disorders, or conditions frequently confused with autism participated in the study. The results indicated that, with one exception, the reliability of the scores from both instruments met or exceeded standards for use in screening decisions. The reliability of the total scores from both instruments exceeded .90. Validity coefficients computed between the two sets of scores indicated that the instruments measured similar constructs (e.g., (rpddrs total x gars total) = .84). The scores from both instruments discriminated between children with autism and children who were not autistic to a statistically significant degree.
C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Rehabil & Special Educ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
   Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Eaves, RC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Rehabil & Special Educ, 1228 Haley Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM eaves11@charter.net
RI Fall, Anna-Maria/E-9828-2013
OI Fall, Anna-Maria/0000-0002-6257-6684
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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   Eaves RC, 2000, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V37, P311, DOI 10.1002/1520-6807(200007)37:4<323::AID-PITS2>3.0.CO;2-S
   EAVES RC, 2003, PERVASIVE DEV DISORD
   EAVES RC, 1987, J SPEC EDUC, V21, P122
   Gilliam J. E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN
   Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217
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NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA
SN 1547-0350
J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB
JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 3
BP 300
EP 309
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 075VB
UT WOS:000239912300009
ER

PT J
AU Waterhouse, L
AF Waterhouse, Lynn
TI Inadequate evidence for multiple intelligences, Mozart effect, and
   emotional intelligence theories
SO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSING COGNITIVE MATTER; PERSONALITY; PERFORMANCE; MUSIC; OXYTOCIN;
   INSTRUCTION; AUTISM; LIFE; PERSPECTIVE; ABILITIES
AB I (Waterhouse, 2006) argued that, because multiple intelligences, the Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence theories have inadequate empirical support and are not consistent with cognitive neuroscience findings, these theories should not be applied in education. Proponents countered that their theories had sufficient empirical support, were consistent with cognitive neuroscience findings, and should be applied in education (Cherniss, Extein, Goleman, & Weissberg, 2006; Gardner & Moran, 2006; Rauscher & Hinton, 2006). However, Gardner and Moran offered no validating evidence for multiple intelligences, Rauscher and Hinton concluded that "listening-to-Mozart" studies should be disregarded, and Cherniss, Extein, Goleman, and Weissberg agreed that emotional intelligence lacked a unitary empirically supported construct. My reply addresses theory proponents' specific criticisms of my review and reasserts my original claims.
C1 Coll New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA.
RP Waterhouse, L (reprint author), Coll New Jersey, 234 Bliss Hall, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA.
EM lynwater@tcnj.edu
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   Tilly C, 2006, WHY, P1
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NR 62
TC 17
Z9 17
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0046-1520
EI 1532-6985
J9 EDUC PSYCHOL-US
JI Educ. Psychol.
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 4
BP 247
EP 255
DI 10.1207/s15326985ep4104_5
PG 9
WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology
GA 108HI
UT WOS:000242230500005
ER

PT J
AU Windham, GC
   Zhang, LX
   Gunier, R
   Croen, LA
   Grether, JK
AF Windham, Gayle C.
   Zhang, Lixia
   Gunier, Robert
   Croen, Lisa A.
   Grether, Judith K.
TI Autism spectrum disorders in relation to distribution of hazardous air
   pollutants in the San Francisco Bay area
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE air toxics; autism; autism spectrum disorders; diesel; mercury; metals;
   neurodevelopment; neurotoxicants; solvents; vinyl chloride
ID MATERNAL OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS;
   MERCURY-VAPOR EXPOSURE; TOXICS CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS;
   PERSONAL EXPOSURE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA;
   CHILDREN
AB OBJECTIVE: To explore possible associations between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and environmental exposures, we linked the California autism surveillance system to estimated hazardous air pollutant (HAP) concentrations compiled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   METHODS: Subjects included 284 children with ASD and 657 controls, born in 1994 in the San Francisco Bay area. We assigned exposure level by census tract of birth residence for 19 chemicals we identified as potential neurotoxicants, developmental toxicants, and/or endocrine disruptors from the 1996 HAPs database. Because concentrations of many of these were highly correlated, we combined the chemicals into mechanistic and structural groups, calculating summary index scores. We calculated ASD risk in the upper quartiles of these group scores or individual chemical concentrations compared with below the median, adjusting for demographic factors.
   RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were elevated by 50% in the top quartile of chlorinated solvents and heavy metals [95% confidence intervals (CIs), 1.1-2.1], but not for aromatic solvents. Adjusting for these three groups simultaneously led to decreased risks for the solvents and increased risk for metals (AORs for metals: fourth quartile = 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.0-3.0; third quartile = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.2-3.1). The individual compounds that contributed most to these associations included mercury, cadmium, nickel, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride.
   CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a potential association between autism and estimated metal concentrations, and possibly solvents, in ambient air around the birth residence, requiring confirmation and more refined exposure assessment in future studies.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA.
   Impace Assessment Inc, La Jolla, CA USA.
   Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94611 USA.
RP Windham, GC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA.
EM gwindham@dhs.ca.gov
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NR 70
TC 137
Z9 143
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 114
IS 9
BP 1438
EP 1444
DI 10.1289/ehp.9120
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 087PZ
UT WOS:000240755700045
PM 16966102
ER

PT J
AU Desombre, H
   Malvy, J
   Roux, S
   de Villard, R
   Sauvage, D
   Dalery, J
   Lenoir, P
AF Desombre, Hugues
   Malvy, Joelle
   Roux, Sylvie
   de Villard, Regis
   Sauvage, Dominique
   Dalery, Jean
   Lenoir, Pascal
TI Autism and developmental delay - A comparative clinical study in very
   young children using IBSE scale
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; developmental delay; early features; pre-school children
ID FAMILY HOME MOVIES; RETROSPECTIVE VIDEO ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
   MENTAL DISABILITY; EARLY RECOGNITION; EARLY SYMPTOMS; AGE; INFANTS;
   LIFE; RETARDATION
AB This study improves the knowledge of early autistic symptomatology and research concerning (i) the significant differences in the behaviors of children with autistic disorder (AD) and children with a developmental delay (DD), and (ii) the influence of the cognitive delay on symptomatology.
   Two groups of 20 young children (7-42 months) were compared: children with AD, and those with DD. The groups were paired by chronological and developmental age. The comparison was extended to four subgroups composed according to age (younger and older children-< 24 months, > 24 months) and to the global development quotient (GDQ) (the more and less delayed). Each child was evaluated with the Infant Behavior Summarized Evaluation scale (IBSE).
   For the younger AD children, significant differences affected social communication and their adaptation to the environment (intolerance to frustration, resistance to change). For the older children (> 24 months), this study showed the rapid progression of the number of distinctive signs between AD and DD children according to age and/or developmental level.
   Cognitive delay has an important influence on the symptomatology at the moment of initial recognition of an autistic syndrome. This study is a complement for the fuller understanding of the nature and early diagnosis of disorders specific to autism at the earliest phases of development.
C1 Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Pediat, Unite Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-69437 Lyon 03, France.
   Univ Lyon 1, CHS Vinatier, Equipe Accueil 3092, Bron, France.
   Ctr Hosp Reg & Univ, Serv Univ Pedopsychiat, Hop Bretonneau, Tours, France.
   Ctr Hosp Reg & Univ, Serv Univ Explorat Fonct & Neurophysiol Pedopsych, Hop Bretonneau, Tours, France.
RP Desombre, H (reprint author), Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Pediat, Unite Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, Pl Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon 03, France.
EM hugues.desombre@chu-lyon.fr
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NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 6
BP 343
EP 351
DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0540-9
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 078AC
UT WOS:000240072200005
PM 16614787
ER

PT J
AU Anagnostou, E
   Chaplin, W
   Rusoff, J
   Soorya, L
   Hollander, E
AF Anagnostou, E.
   Chaplin, W.
   Rusoff, J.
   Soorya, L.
   Hollander, E.
TI Divalproex sodium for the treatment of irritability in autism
SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology
CY SEP 16-20, 2006
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol
C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA.
CR ANAGNOSTOU E, 2006, IN PRESS J CLIN PSYC
   Hollander E, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V58, P226, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.040
   HOLLANDER E, 2005, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V15, P1
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-977X
J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM
JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 16
SU 4
BP S524
EP S524
DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(06)70724-6
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 087VQ
UT WOS:000240771302131
ER

PT J
AU Anagnostou, E
   Fan, J
   Hollander, E
AF Anagnostou, E.
   Fan, J.
   Hollander, E.
TI Functional MRI of response inhibition in autism
SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology
CY SEP 16-20, 2006
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
CR ANAGNOSTOU E, 2006, IN PRESS J CLIN PSYC
   Hollander E, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V58, P226, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.040
   HOLLANDER E, 2005, INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH, V15, P1
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-977X
J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM
JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 16
SU 4
BP S531
EP S532
DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(06)70737-4
PG 2
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 087VQ
UT WOS:000240771302144
ER

PT J
AU Jeon, JWJ
   Chung, SHC
   Hong, JPH
   Yoo, HIY
AF Jeon, J. W. J.
   Chung, S. H. C.
   Hong, J. P. H.
   Yoo, H. I. Y.
TI Association of DAO and DAOA genes with autism spectrum disorders in
   Korean boys
SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology
CY SEP 16-20, 2006
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol
ID SCHIZOPHRENIA
C1 Asan Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea.
CR BAILLY C, 1995, MED MALADIES INFECT, V25, P1
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   Collier DA, 2003, EUR J PHARMACOL, V480, P177, DOI 10.1016/j.ephar.2003.08.105
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-977X
J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM
JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 16
SU 4
BP S526
EP S526
DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(06)70727-1
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 087VQ
UT WOS:000240771302134
ER

PT J
AU Staal, W
   Franke, L
   Vorstman, JAS
   Hochstenbach, R
   Van Engeland, H
AF Staal, W.
   Franke, L.
   Vorstman, J. A. S.
   Hochstenbach, R.
   Van Engeland, H.
TI Autism candidate genes in cytogenetic regions of interest identified
   with a gene interaction network
SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 19th Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology
CY SEP 16-20, 2006
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol
C1 Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
CR STAAL WG, 2006, MOL PSYCH        JAN
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-977X
J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM
JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 16
SU 4
BP S176
EP S176
DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(06)70048-7
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 087VQ
UT WOS:000240771300038
ER

PT J
AU Williams, TI
AF Williams, Tim I.
TI Evaluating effects of aromatherapy massage on sleep in children with
   autism: A pilot study
SO EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE aromatherapy; massage; autism; sleep; children
ID DEMENTIA
AB Previous studies have found beneficial effects of aromatherapy massage for agitation in people with dementia, for pain relief and for poor sleep. Children with autism often have sleep difficulties, and it was thought that aromatherapy massage might enable more rapid sleep onset, less sleep disruption and longer sleep duration. Twelve children with autism and learning difficulties (2 girls and 10 boys aged between 12 years 2 months to 15 years 7 months) in a residential school participated in a within subjects repeated measures design: 3 nights when the children were given aromatherapy massage with lavender oil were compared with 14 nights when it was not given. The children were checked every 30 min throughout the night to determine the time taken for the children to settle to sleep, the number of awakenings and the sleep duration. One boy's data were not analyzed owing to lengthy absence. Repeated measures analysis revealed no differences in any of the sleep measures between the nights when the children were given aromatherapy massage and nights when the children were not given aromatherapy massage. The results suggest that the use of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil has no beneficial effect on the sleep patterns of children with autism attending a residential school. It is possible that there are greater effects in the home environment or with longer-term interventions.
C1 Berkshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Dept Psychol, Reading RG1 5LF, Berks, England.
   Univ Reading, Sch Psychol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
RP Williams, TI (reprint author), Berkshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Dept Psychol, 3-5 Craven Rd, Reading RG1 5LF, Berks, England.
EM sxswiams@rdg.ac.uk
RI Williams, Timothy/D-3512-2011
OI Williams, Timothy/0000-0003-0072-3316
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NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1741-427X
J9 EVID-BASED COMPL ALT
JI Evid.-based Complement Altern. Med.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 3
IS 3
BP 373
EP 377
DI 10.1093/ecam/nel017
PG 5
WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine
SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine
GA 079TB
UT WOS:000240199700011
PM 16951722
ER

PT J
AU Schaefer, GB
   Lutz, RE
AF Schaefer, G. Bradley
   Lutz, Richard E.
TI Diagnostic yield in the clinical genetic evaluation of autism spectrum
   disorders
SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
   DELETION SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADENYLOSUCCINATE LYASE;
   ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; ETIOLOGIC YIELD; MECP2 MUTATIONS; RETT-SYNDROME
AB Purpose: Clinical geneticists are often asked to evaluate patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in reference to questions about cause and recurrence risk. Recent advances in diagnostic testing technology have greatly increased the options available to them. It is not currently clear what the overall diagnostic yield of a battery of tests, either collectively or individually, might be. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a stepwise approach we have implemented in our clinics. Methods: We used a three-tiered neurogenetic evaluation scheme designed to determine the cause of ASDs in patients referred for clinical genetic consultation. We reviewed the results of our diagnostic evaluations on all patients referred with a confirmed diagnosis of autism over a 3-year period. Results: By using this approach, we found an overall diagnostic yield for ASDs of more than 40%. This represents a significant increase in the diagnostic yield reported just a few years ago. Conclusions: Given the implications of these diagnoses on recurrence risk and associated medical conditions, a targeted neurogenetic evaluation of all persons with ASDs seems warranted. We discuss the issues in the future implementation of a fourth tier to the evaluation with the potential for an even higher diagnostic yield.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst Genet & Rehabil, Omaha, NE USA.
RP Schaefer, GB (reprint author), 985430 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.
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NR 96
TC 45
Z9 46
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1098-3600
J9 GENET MED
JI Genet. Med.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 8
IS 9
BP 549
EP 556
DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000237789.98842.fi
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 089YK
UT WOS:000240917600002
PM 16980810
ER

PT J
AU Portway, SM
AF Portway, Susannah M.
TI Health care and the autism spectrum: A guide for health professionals,
   parents and carers
SO HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Western Sussex Primary Care Trust, Arundel, England.
RP Portway, SM (reprint author), Western Sussex Primary Care Trust, Arundel, England.
CR MORTONCOOPER A, 2004, HLTH CARE AUTISM SPE
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1369-8575
J9 HEALTH RISK SOC
JI Health Risk Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 8
IS 3
BP 325
EP 326
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 076RV
UT WOS:000239976300009
ER

PT J
AU McGuigan, N
   Nunez, M
AF McGuigan, Nicola
   Nunez, Maria
TI Executive functioning by 18-24-month-old children: Effects of
   inhibition, working memory demands and narrative in a novel
   detour-reaching task
SO INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE executive function; arbitrary means; causal means; working memory;
   inhibition; rationale generativity
ID A-NOT-B; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; RESPONSE CONTROL; SYMBOLIC
   PLAY; PERFORMANCE; RECALL; MIND; INFANTS; AUTISM
AB Infants can inhibit a prepotent but wrong action towards a goal in order to perform a causal means-action. It is not clear, however, whether infants can perform an arbitrary means-action while inhibiting a prepotent response. In four experiments, we explore this executive functioning in 18-24-month-old children. The working memory and inhibition demands in a novel means-end problem were systematically varied in terms of the type and combination of means-action(s) (causal or arbitrary) contained within the task, the number of means-actions (I or 2), the goal visual availability and whether the task was accompanied by a narrative. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that children performed tasks that contained causal as opposed to arbitrary information more accurately; accuracy was also higher in tasks containing only one step. Experiment 2 also demonstrated that performance in the arbitrary task improved significantly when all sources of prepotency were removed. In Experiment 3, task performance improved when the two means-actions were intelligibly linked to the task goal. Experiment 4 demonstrated that the use of a narrative that provided a meaningful (non-causal) link between the two means-actions also improved children's performance by assisting their working memory in the generation of a rationale. Findings provide an initial account of executive functioning in the months that bring the end of infancy. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Dept Psychol, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland.
   Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland.
RP Nunez, M (reprint author), Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Dept Psychol, Cowcaddens Rd, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland.
EM m.nunez@gcal.ac.uk
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NR 47
TC 8
Z9 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1522-7227
J9 INFANT CHILD DEV
JI Infant Child Dev.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 5
BP 519
EP 542
DI 10.1002/icd.477
PG 24
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 102EG
UT WOS:000241793200004
ER

PT J
AU Heylen, D
AF Heylen, Dirk
TI Head gestures, gaze and the principles of conversational structure
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANOID ROBOTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE nonverbal behavior; conversation; gaze; head movements
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MOVEMENTS; AUTISM; ADULTS; SPEECH; MIND
AB Much of the work on embodied conversational agents is concerned with building computational models of nonverbal behaviors that can generate the right behavior in the appropriate context. In this paper, we discuss, from a linguistic and a conversation theoretic point of view, how nonverbal behaviors in conversations work. We look particularly at gaze and head movements. These play a variety of functions in face-to-face interactions. We show how these functions are structured by general principles governing cooperative actions and symbolic communication.
C1 Univ Twente, Human Media Interact Grp, Enschede, Netherlands.
RP Heylen, D (reprint author), Univ Twente, Human Media Interact Grp, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM heylen@ewi.utwente.nl
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NR 43
TC 19
Z9 19
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0219-8436
J9 INT J HUM ROBOT
JI Int. J. Humanoid Robot.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 3
IS 3
BP 241
EP 267
DI 10.1142/S0219843606000746
PG 27
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA 214SV
UT WOS:000249759300002
ER

PT J
AU Orekhova, EV
   Stroganova, TA
   Nygren, G
   Posikera, IN
   Gillberg, C
   Elam, M
AF Orekhova, Elena V.
   Stroganova, Tatiana A.
   Nygren, Gudrun
   Posikera, Irina N.
   Gillberg, Christopher
   Elam, Mikael
TI High frequency activity in ongoing EEG from young children with autism:
   A two sample study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Gothenburg Univ, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8760
J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL
JI Int. J. Psychophysiol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 3
SI SI
BP 347
EP 347
PG 1
WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology;
   Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology
GA 071PT
UT WOS:000239614800189
ER

PT J
AU Pineda, JA
AF Pineda, J. A.
TI Efficacy of neurofeedback training on autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-8760
J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL
JI Int. J. Psychophysiol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 3
SI SI
BP 347
EP 347
PG 1
WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology;
   Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology
GA 071PT
UT WOS:000239614800188
ER

PT J
AU Henning, D
AF Henning, D.
TI You just don't understand: Autism treatments - a science or an art?
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Dana Henning Training Programs, Langhorne, PA USA.
EM dhtp@earthlink.net
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 3
BP 237
EP 237
PG 1
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 064VK
UT WOS:000239117600093
ER

PT J
AU Mettler, N
AF Mettler, N.
TI Social competence of children with autism and severe intellectual
   disabilities
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Vizier, Boxmeer, Netherlands.
EM n.mettler@vizier.nl
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 3
BP 237
EP 237
PG 1
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 064VK
UT WOS:000239117600090
ER

PT J
AU van den Broek, A
AF van den Broek, A.
TI What are the social-emotional skills which children with an autism
   spectrum disorder and intellectual disability are able to learn?
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
EM a.vd.broek@vizier.nl
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 3
BP 272
EP 272
PG 1
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 064VK
UT WOS:000239117600353
ER

PT J
AU Kraijer, D
AF Kraijer, D.
TI Identification of autism spectrum disorders: Presentation of the new
   manual of the PDD-MRS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
EM dirk.kraijer@vanboeijen.nl
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1360-2322
J9 J APPL RES INTELLECT
JI J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 3
BP 274
EP 274
PG 1
WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation
SC Psychology; Rehabilitation
GA 064VK
UT WOS:000239117600365
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, JM
AF Campbell, Jonathan M.
TI Changing children's attitudes toward autism: A process of persuasive
   communication
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; attitudes; persuasion; inclusion; peers
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED PEERS; BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS; EDUCATIONAL
   INTERVENTION; HANDICAPPED-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CONTACT THEORY;
   ILLNESS; DISABILITIES; STIGMA; PERCEPTIONS
AB The purposes of this paper are two-fold. First, the initial introduction of a child with autism to typically developing peers is conceptualized as a process of persuasive communication. Second, relevant literature is organized and reviewed according to important components and processes involved in persuasive communication, including effects of source, message, receiver, and channel. Research about perceptions of children with autism is highlighted when available. When findings for autism were unavailable, literature on children's perceptions of peers with physical and medical disabilities is reviewed as well as perceptions of adults with severe mental illness. From the perspective of persuasion theory, limitations of the literature and future research questions are identified that are relevant to introducing children with autism to peers for the first time.
C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Educ Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Educ Psychol, 325 Aderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jmcmpbll@uga.edu
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NR 69
TC 12
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1056-263X
J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL
JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 3
BP 251
EP 272
DI 10.1007/s10882-006-9015-7
PG 22
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 113OZ
UT WOS:000242608500003
ER

PT J
AU Singh, NN
   Lancioni, GE
   Winton, ASW
   Fisher, BC
   Wahler, RG
   McAleavey, K
   Singh, J
   Sabaawi, M
AF Singh, Nirbhay N.
   Lancioni, Giulio E.
   Winton, Alan S. W.
   Fisher, Barbara C.
   Wahler, Robert G.
   McAleavey, Kristen
   Singh, Judy
   Sabaawi, Mohamed
TI Mindful parenting decreases aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury
   in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; PRESCHOOL; INDIVIDUALS;
   MEDITATION; STRESS; BOYS
AB Parent-child transactions provide an important social context for the development of adaptive and problem behaviors in young children with autism. Teaching parents to develop alternative transactional pathways often leads to positive behavioral patterns in their children. We taught three parents the philosophy and practice of mindfulness in a 12-week course and assessed the outcome of the training on their children's behavior. In addition, the mothers rated satisfaction with their parenting skills and interactions with their children. Results showed that the mothers' mindful parenting decreased their children's aggression, noncompliance, and self-injury and increased the mothers' satisfaction with their parenting skills and interactions with their children. We speculated on the possible reasons for the efficacy of mindful parenting in decreasing the children's problem behaviors without the application of specific, programmed contingencies for the children's behavior.
C1 ONE Res Inst, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA.
RP Singh, NN (reprint author), ONE Res Inst, 7401 Sparkleberry Ln, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA.
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NR 43
TC 69
Z9 69
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1063-4266
J9 J EMOT BEHAV DISORD
JI J. Emot. Behav. Disord.
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 14
IS 3
BP 169
EP 177
DI 10.1177/10634266060140030401
PG 9
WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology
GA 076RH
UT WOS:000239974900004
ER

PT J
AU Bonnet, C
   Gregoire, MJ
   Brochet, K
   Raffo, E
   Leheup, B
   Jonveaux, P
AF Bonnet, C.
   Gregoire, M. J.
   Brochet, K.
   Raffo, E.
   Leheup, B.
   Jonveaux, P.
TI Pure de-novo 5 Mb duplication at Xp11.22-p11.23 in a male: phenotypic
   and molecular characterization
SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE X chromosome; duplication; array-CGH; mental retardation; autism; FTSJ1
   gene; PQBP1 gene; HDAC6 gene
ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; RANDOM X-INACTIVATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; HUMAN
   GENOME; CHROMOSOME; TRANSCRIPTION; MUTATIONS; STATURE; PQBP-1; FTSJ1
AB Males with duplications within the short arm of the X chromosome are rare and most cases are inherited from a maternal heterozygote. Here we describe the first detailed characterization of a de-novo Xp duplication delineated to Xp11.22 -> Xp11.23 in a 15-year-old male with moderate mental impairment, autistic-like behaviour, short stature, and mild dysmorphic features. Chromosome analysis (550 band resolution) was normal and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis on metaphase spreads detected duplication on Xp11. Further characterization of the duplication by array CGH, FISH experiments with specific BAC probes, and genotyping with microsatellite markers helped to determine proximal and distal breakpoints giving a size of the duplication of approximately 5Mb. As far as we are aware this is the first described male with isolated microduplication on Xp11.22-Xp11.23. Among the genes included within the duplicated region, and particularly those which are outside copy number polymorphisms, we discuss the relationship of FTSJ1, PQBP1 and HDAC6 with the clinical symptoms of our patient.
C1 CHU Nancy Brabois, Med Genet Lab, F-54511 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
   CHU Nancy, Serv Med Infantile 1, Nancy, France.
   CHU Nancy, Serv Med Infantile & Genet Clin 3, Nancy, France.
RP Jonveaux, P (reprint author), CHU Nancy Brabois, Med Genet Lab, F-54511 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
EM p.jonveaux@chu-nancy.fr
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NR 24
TC 24
Z9 24
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN
SN 1434-5161
J9 J HUM GENET
JI J. Hum. Genet.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 51
IS 9
BP 815
EP 821
DI 10.1007/s10038-006-0023-3
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 083PC
UT WOS:000240469700012
PM 16900295
ER

PT J
AU Noens, I
   van Berckelaer-Onnes, I
   Verpoorten, R
   Duijn, G
AF Noens, I.
   van Berckelaer-Onnes, I.
   Verpoorten, R.
   van Duijn, G.
TI The ComFor: an instrument for the indication of augmentative
   communication in people with autism and intellectual disability
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE augmentative communication; autism; diagnostic instrument; intellectual
   disability
ID LANGUAGE; SENSE
AB The ComFor (Forerunners in Communication) is an instrument to explore underlying competence for augmentative communication. More specifically, it measures perception and sense-making of non-transient forms of communication at the levels of presentation and representation. The target group consists primarily of individuals with autism and intellectual disability (ID) without or with only limited verbal communication. The ComFor is suitable for children and adults with a developmental level between 12 and 60 months. This paper describes the theoretical framework and structure of the ComFor, the results of a study on its psychometric properties and its clinical uses.
   The ComFor was tested on a sample of 623 children and adults from the Netherlands and Flanders: a group with autism and ID (n = 310); a group with ID without autism (n = 174); and a control group of typically developing children (n = 139).
   The data generally support the reliability and validity of the ComFor. Internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability were found to be good. Construct validity (internal structure, convergent and divergent patterns) was established in different ways. The criterion-related validity has yet to be established, as predictive data are not available at the moment.
   Taken together, the results indicate that the ComFor is a promising instrument to explore underlying competence for augmentative communication. Areas for future research are outlined and the clinical relevance is discussed.
C1 Leiden Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Noens, I (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands.
EM noens@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
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NR 33
TC 9
Z9 9
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-2633
J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES
JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 50
BP 621
EP 632
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00807.x
PN 9
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry;
   Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences &
   Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation
GA 066VJ
UT WOS:000239258100001
PM 16901289
ER

PT J
AU Willatt, L
   Kenwrick, S
   Parkin, G
   Whittaker, J
   Baralle, D
AF Willatt, Lionel
   Kenwrick, S.
   Parkin, G.
   Whittaker, J.
   Baralle, D.
TI A de novo microdeletion of 5p15.1 in a boy with autism spectrum disorder
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT British Human Genetics Conference
CY SEP 18-20, 2006
CL York, ENGLAND
HO Univ York
C1 Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England.
EM lionel.willatt@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 43
SU 1
BP S95
EP S95
PG 1
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 090NK
UT WOS:000240957800234
ER

PT J
AU Singer, HS
   Morris, CM
   Williams, PN
   Yoon, DY
   Hong, JJ
   Zimmerman, AW
AF Singer, Harvey S.
   Morris, Christina M.
   Williams, Phillip N.
   Yoon, Dustin Y.
   Hong, John J.
   Zimmerman, Andrew W.
TI Antibrain antibodies in children with autism and their unaffected
   siblings
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; immunoblotting; autoantibodies; siblings; 100 kDa; 73 kDa
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RISK-FACTORS; BRAIN; SERUM;
   AUTOANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; BEHAVIOR; GENES
AB Serum autoantibodies to human brain, identified by ELISA and Western immunoblotting, were evaluated in 29 children with autism spectrum disorder (22 with autistic disorder), 9 non-autistic siblings and 13 controls. More autistic subjects than controls had bands at 100 kDa in caudate, putamen and prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01) as well as larger peak heights of bands at 73 kDa in the cerebellum and cingulate gyrus. Both autistic disorder subjects and their matched non-autistic siblings had denser bands (peak height and/or area under the curve) at 73 kDa in the cerebellum and cingulate gyrus than did controls (p < 0.01). Results suggest that children with autistic disorder and their siblings exhibit differences compared to controls in autoimmune reactivity to specific epitopes located in distinct brain regions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
   Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
RP Singer, HS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, 600 N Wolfe St,Jefferson St Bldg 124, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
EM hsinger@jhmi.edu
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NR 31
TC 57
Z9 57
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-5728
J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL
JI J. Neuroimmunol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 178
IS 1-2
BP 149
EP 155
DI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.05.025
PG 7
WC Immunology; Neurosciences
SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 094PI
UT WOS:000241251000016
PM 16842863
ER

PT J
AU Yirmiya, N
   Rosenberg, C
   Salomon, S
   Levi, S
   Shulman, C
   Yirmiya, R
   Ebstein, R
AF Yirmiya, N.
   Rosenberg, C.
   Salomon, S.
   Levi, S.
   Shulman, C.
   Yirmiya, R.
   Ebstein, R.
TI Association of polymorphism in the IL-1ra gene with autism and pervasive
   developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 8th International Conference of Neuroimmunology
CY OCT 15-19, 2006
CL Nagoya, JAPAN
C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   S Herzog Mem Hosp, Res Dept, Jerusalem, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Child Psychiat, Jerusalem, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Social Work, Jerusalem, Israel.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-5728
J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL
JI J. Neuroimmunol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 178
SU 1
BP 180
EP 180
PG 1
WC Immunology; Neurosciences
SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 099YG
UT WOS:000241633101145
ER

PT J
AU Wiggs, L
   Stores, G
AF Wiggs, L.
   Stores, G.
TI A randomised controlled trial of behavioural intervention for
   sleeplessness in children with autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 18th Congress of the European-Sleep-Research-Society
CY SEP 12-16, 2006
CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
SP European Sleep Res Soc
C1 Oxford Brookes Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford OX3 0BP, England.
   Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford, England.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1105
J9 J SLEEP RES
JI J. Sleep Res.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 15
SU 1
BP 83
EP 83
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 076NW
UT WOS:000239966000205
ER

PT J
AU Limoges, RG
   Bolduc, C
   Mottron, L
AF Limoges, R. Godbout
   Bolduc, C.
   Mottron, L.
TI Sleep organization correlates with attention and memory in adults with
   high functioning autism
SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 18th Congress of the European-Sleep-Research-Society
CY SEP 12-16, 2006
CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
SP European Sleep Res Soc
C1 Univ Montreal, Neurodev Disorders Program, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
   Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0962-1105
J9 J SLEEP RES
JI J. Sleep Res.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 15
SU 1
BP 163
EP 163
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 076NW
UT WOS:000239966000443
ER

PT J
AU Leveille, C
   Bolduc, C
   Limoges, E
   Braun, CJ
   Mottron, L
   Godbout, R
AF Leveille, C.
   Bolduc, C.
   Limoges, E.
   Braun, C. J.
   Mottron, L.
   Godbout, R.
TI Wake and REM sleep EEG coherence in adults with high functioning autism
SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 18th Congress of the European-Sleep-Research-Society
CY SEP 12-16, 2006
CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
SP European Sleep Res Soc
C1 Univ Montreal, Hop Riviere Prairies, Dept Psychiat, Sleep Lab & Clin,Neurodev Disorders Program, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   Hop Riviere Prairies, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   Univ Montreal, Hop Riviere Prairies, Sleep Lab & Clin, Dept Psychol,Neurodev Disorders Program, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
   Univ Quebec, Hop Riviere Prairies, Dept Psychol, Sleep Lab & Clin,Neurodev Orders Program, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
   Hop Riviere Prairies, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   Univ Quebec, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1105
J9 J SLEEP RES
JI J. Sleep Res.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 15
SU 1
BP 164
EP 164
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 076NW
UT WOS:000239966000445
ER

PT J
AU Risi, S
   Lord, C
   Gotham, K
   Corsello, C
   Chrysler, C
   Szatmari, P
   Cook, EH
   Leventhal, BL
   Pickles, A
AF Risi, Susan
   Lord, Catherine
   Gotham, Katherine
   Corsello, Christina
   Chrysler, Christina
   Szatmari, Peter
   Cook, Edwin H., Jr.
   Leventhal, Bennett L.
   Pickles, Andrew
TI Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism
   spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism diagnosis; Autism diagnostic Interview-Revised; Autism Diagnostic
   Observation Schedule
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; TWINS
AB Background: Standard case criteria are proposed for combined use of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule to diagnose autism and to define the broader category of autism spectrum disorders. Method: Single and combined Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule algorithms were compared to best estimate diagnoses in four samples: U.S. (n = 960) and Canadian (n = 232) participants 3 years and older, U.S. participants younger than 36 months (n = 270), and U.S. participants older than 36 months with profound mental retardation (n = 67). Results: Sensitivities and specificities of 80% and higher were obtained when strict criteria for an autism diagnosis using both instruments were applied in the U.S. samples, and 75% or greater in the Canadian sample. Single-instrument criteria resulted in significant loss of specificity. Specificity was poor in the sample with profound mental retardation. Lower sensitivity and specificity were also obtained when proposed criteria for broader spectrum disorders were applied. Conclusions: The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule make independent, additive contributions to the judgment of clinicians that result in a more consistent and rigorous application of diagnostic criteria.
C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   McMaster Univ, Offord Ctr Child Studies, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
   Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
   Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Risi, S (reprint author), UMACC, 1111 E Catherine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM srisi@umich.edu
RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011
OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 22
TC 206
Z9 208
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 9
BP 1094
EP 1103
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 078NO
UT WOS:000240110700009
PM 16926617
ER

PT J
AU Vorstman, JAS
   Morcus, MEJ
   Duijff, SN
   Klaassen, PWJ
   Heineman-de Boer, JA
   Beemer, FA
   Swaab, H
   Kahn, RS
   van Engeland, H
AF Vorstman, Jacob A. S.
   Morcus, Monique E. J.
   Duijff, Sasja N.
   Klaassen, Petra W. J.
   Heineman-de Boer, Josien A.
   Beemer, Frits A.
   Swaab, Hanna
   Kahn, Rene S.
   van Engeland, Herman
TI The 22q11.2 deletion in children: High rate of autistic disorders and
   early onset of psychotic symptoms
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 22q11 deletion syndrome; velocardiofacial syndrome; autism; psychosis;
   behavioral phenotype
ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
   PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHROMOSOME 22Q11; VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME;
   DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CLINICAL-FEATURES;
   SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDHOOD
AB Objective: To examine psychopathology and influence of intelligence level on psychiatric symptoms in children with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Method: Sixty patients, ages 9 through 18 years, were evaluated. Assessments followed standard protocols, including structured and semistructured interviews of parents, videotaped psychiatric interview, and intelligence assessment of the child. Intelligence level, psychiatric symptoms, and classification provided the main outcome. Results: High rates of autism spectrum disorders (30 of 60, 50.0%) and psychotic symptoms (16 of 60, 26.7%) were found in this sample. In 7 of 60 (11.7%), the psychotic symptoms interfered with behavior and caused considerable distress. In these cases, the diagnosis of a psychotic disorder was applied. The average age of the children with psychotic symptoms at time of assessment was 14.2 years. Although it is likely that the high rate of psychopathology in this sample is to some extent associated with the lower level of cognitive function, a major effect of the degree of cognitive impairment on psychiatric morbidity was not found. Conclusion: Autism spectrum disorders and subthreshold autistic symptomatology are common in children with 22q11DS. Furthermore, a high rate of psychosis and psychotic symptoms is found in this childhood sample, suggesting an early onset of psychosis in 22q11DS patients. Autistic and psychotic disorders should be considered to be main elements of the behavioral phenotype of 22q11DS children.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Psychol, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Vorstman, JAS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Abramson Res Ctr, Div Human Genet & Mol Biol, Room 1002,3615 Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM J.A.S.Vorstman@umcutrecht.nl
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NR 56
TC 147
Z9 148
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 9
BP 1104
EP 1113
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000228131.56956.cl
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 078NO
UT WOS:000240110700010
PM 16926618
ER

PT J
AU Scahill, L
   McDougle, CJ
   Williams, SK
   Dimitropoulos, A
   Aman, MG
   McCracken, JT
   Tierney, E
   Arnold, LE
   Cronin, P
   Grados, M
   Ghuman, J
   Koenig, K
   Lam, KSL
   McGough, J
   Posey, DJ
   Ritz, L
   Swiezy, NB
   Vitiello, B
AF Scahill, Lawrence
   McDougle, Christopher J.
   Williams, Susan K.
   Dimitropoulos, Anastasia
   Aman, Michael G.
   McCracken, James T.
   Tierney, Elaine
   Arnold, L. Eugene
   Cronin, Pegeen
   Grados, Marco
   Ghuman, Jaswinder
   Koenig, Kathleen
   Lam, Kristen S. L.
   McGough, James
   Posey, David J.
   Ritz, Louise
   Swiezy, Naomi B.
   Vitiello, Benedetto
TI Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for pervasive
   developmental disorders
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; pervasive developmental disorders; repetitive behavior; clinical
   measures
ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PEDIATRIC PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; REPETITIVE
   BEHAVIORS; AUTISM NETWORK; RESEARCH UNITS; RISPERIDONE; RELIABILITY
AB Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales (CYBOCS) modified for pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Method: Raters from five Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network were trained to reliability. The modified scale (CYBOCS-PDD), which contains only the five Compulsion severity items (range 0-20), was administered to 172 medication-free children (mean 8.2 +/- 2.6 years) with PDD (autistic disorder, n = 152; Asperger's disorder, n = 6; PDD not otherwise specified, n = 14) participating in RUPP clinical trials. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Correlations with ratings of repetitive behavior and disruptive behavior were examined for validity. Results: Eleven raters showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.97). The mean CYBOCS score was 14.4 +/- 3.86) with excellent internal consistency (alpha = .85). Correlations with other measures of repetitive behavior ranged from r = 0.11 to r = 0.28 and were similar to correlations with measures of irritability (r = 0.24) and hyperactivity (r = 0.25). Children with higher scores on the CYBOCS-PDD had higher levels of maladaptive behaviors and lower adaptive functioning. Conclusions: The five-item CYBOCS-PDD is reliable, distinct from other measures of repetitive behavior, and sensitive to change.
C1 Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Scahill, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM lawrence.scahill@yale.edu
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NR 29
TC 67
Z9 67
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 9
BP 1114
EP 1123
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000220854.79144.e7
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 078NO
UT WOS:000240110700011
PM 16926619
ER

PT J
AU Mahone, EM
   Powell, SK
   Loftis, CW
   Goldberg, MC
   Denckla, MB
   Mostofsky, SH
AF Mahone, E. Mark
   Powell, Stephanie K.
   Loftis, Christopher W.
   Goldberg, Melissa C.
   Denckla, Martha B.
   Mostofsky, Stewart H.
TI Motor persistence and inhibition in autism and ADHD
SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the International-Neuropsychological-Society
CY FEB   03, 2005
CL St Louis, MO
SP Int Neuropsychol Soc
DE neuropsychological tests; motor skill; executive function; developmental
   disorders; child; development
ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
   DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS;
   OCULOMOTOR ABNORMALITIES; FRONTAL-LOBE; LEARNING-DISABILITY;
   RESPONSE-INHIBITION; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CHILDREN
AB The present study compared performance of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and high functioning autism (HFA) with that of controls on 4 tasks assessing 2 components of motor control: motor response inhibition and motor persistence. A total of 136 children (52 ADHD, 24 HFA, 60 controls) ages 7 to 13 years completed 2 measures of motor inhibition (Conflicting Motor Response and Contralateral Motor Response Tasks) and 2 measures of motor persistence (Lateral Gaze Fixation and NEPSY Statue). After controlling for age, IQ, gender, and basic motor speed, children with ADHD performed significantly more poorly than controls on the Conflicting Motor Response and Contralateral Motor Response Tasks, as well as on Statue. In contrast, children with HFA achieved lower scores than controls only on measures of motor persistence, with no concomitant impairment on either motor inhibition task. These results are consistent with prior research that has demonstrated relatively spared motor inhibition in autism. The findings highlight the utility of brief assessments of motor control in delineating the unique neurobehavioral phenotypes of ADHD and HFA.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neuropsychol, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Mahone, EM (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neuropsychol, 1750 E Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
EM mahone@kennedykrieger.org
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NR 79
TC 26
Z9 26
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1355-6177
J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC
JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 5
BP 622
EP 631
DI 10.1017/S1355617706060814
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 081ZE
UT WOS:000240355300004
PM 16961943
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, SA
   Yechiam, E
   Murphy, RR
   Queller, S
   Stout, JC
AF Johnson, Shannon A.
   Yechiam, Eldad
   Murphy, Robin R.
   Queller, Sarah
   Stout, Julie C.
TI Motivational processes and autonomic responsivity in Asperger's
   disorder: Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task
SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Annnual Meeting of the Cognitive-Neuroscience-Society
CY APR 09-12, 2005
CL New York, NY
SP Cognit Neurosci Soc
DE autism; decision-making; choice behavior; galvanic skin response;
   learning; mathematical model
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; HUMAN DECISION-MAKING; PREFRONTAL CORTEX;
   DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; AMYGDALA; EMOTION; DAMAGE;
   ATTENTION
AB Asperger's disorder (ASP), like other autism spectrum disorders, is associated with altered responsiveness to social stimuli. This study investigated learning and responsiveness to nonsocial, but motivational, stimuli in ASP. We examined choice behavior and galvanic skin conductance responses (SCRs) during the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara et al., 1994) in 15 adolescents and young adults with ASP and 14 comparison subjects. We examined aspects of learning, attention to wins and losses, and response style with a formal cognitive model, the Expectancy-Valence Learning model (Busemeyer & Stout, 2002). The ASP group did not differ from the comparison group in proportions of selections from advantageous decks. However, ASP participants showed a distinct pattern of selection characterized by frequent shifts between the four IGT decks, whereas comparison participants developed clear deck preferences. SCR results showed some evidence of reduced responsiveness in the ASP group during the IGT. Results from the cognitive model indicated that, in contrast to the comparison group, the ASP group's selections were less consistent with the motivational significance they assigned to decks. Findings are discussed in the context of the neurobiological substrates associated with IGT performance.
C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Stout, JC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, 1101 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM jcstout@indiana.edu
RI Johnson, Shannon/A-9870-2011
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NR 44
TC 37
Z9 39
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1355-6177
J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC
JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 5
BP 668
EP 676
DI 10.1017/S1355617706060802
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 081ZE
UT WOS:000240355300009
PM 16961948
ER

PT J
AU Spiegel, EK
   Colman, RF
   Patterson, D
AF Spiegel, Erin K.
   Colman, Roberta F.
   Patterson, David
TI Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; psychomotor retardation; purine biosynthesis; enzyme;
   succinylpurines
ID 3-CARBOXY-CIS,CIS-MUCONATE LACTONIZING ENZYME; PURINE NUCLEOTIDE CYCLE;
   BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INBORN ERROR; ACTIVE-SITE; ADSL
   GENE; MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION
AB Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is a disease of purine metabolism which affects patients both biochemically and behaviorally. The symptoms are variable and include psychomotor retardation, autistic features, hypotonia, and seizures. Patients also accumulate the substrates of ADSL in body fluids. Both the presence of normal levels of ADSL enzyme activities in some patient tissues and the absence of a clear correlation between mutations, biochemistry, and behavior show that the system has unexplored biochemical and/or genetic complexity. It is unclear whether the pathological mechanisms of this disease result from a deficiency of purines, a toxicity of intermediates, or perturbation of another pathway or system. A patient with autistic features and mild psychomotor delay carries two novel mutations in this gene, E80D and D87E. The creation of a mouse model of this disease will be an important step in elucidating the if? vivo mechanisms of the disease. Mice carrying mutations that cause ADSL deficiency in humans will be informative as to the effects of these mutations both during embryogenesis and on the brain, possibly leading to therapies for this disease in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Denver, Eleanor Roosevelt Inst, Denver, CO USA.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Human Med Genet Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Spiegel, EK (reprint author), Univ Denver, Eleanor Roosevelt Inst, Denver, CO USA.
EM erin.spiegel@uchsc.edu
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NR 69
TC 47
Z9 48
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1096-7192
J9 MOL GENET METAB
JI Mol. Genet. Metab.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2006
VL 89
IS 1-2
BP 19
EP 31
DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.04.018
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine,
   Research & Experimental
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Research &
   Experimental Medicine
GA 084KT
UT WOS:000240532500004
PM 16839792
ER

PT J
AU Wendland, JR
   Kruse, MR
   Murphy, DL
AF Wendland, J. R.
   Kruse, M. R.
   Murphy, D. L.
TI Functional SLITRK1 var321, varCDfs and SLC6A4 G56A variants and
   susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID SEQUENCE VARIANTS; TRANSPORTER; SUPPORT; AUTISM; LOCI
C1 NIMH, Clin Sci Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Wendland, JR (reprint author), NIMH, Clin Sci Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM wendlandj@mail.nih.gov
RI Wendland, Jens/A-1809-2012
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NR 13
TC 37
Z9 39
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 11
IS 9
BP 802
EP 804
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001848
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 077PW
UT WOS:000240043100004
PM 16936762
ER

PT J
AU Rosner, M
   Freilinger, A
   Hengstschager, M
AF Rosner, Margit
   Freilinger, Angelika
   Hengstschaeger, Markus
TI The tuberous sclerosis genes and regulation of the cyclin-dependent
   kinase inhibitor p27
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE p27; TSC1; TSC2; tuberous sclerosis; tumor suppressor
ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; CELL-CYCLE; CYTOPLASMIC LOCALIZATION;
   BREAST-CANCER; 3-KINASE/AKT PATHWAY; QUIESCENT CELLS; S6 KINASE; TSC1
   GENE; PHOSPHORYLATION; P27(KIP1)
AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome that affects similar to 1 in 6000 individuals. It is characterized by the development of tumors, named hamartomas, in the kidneys, heart, skin and brain. The latter often cause seizures, mental retardation, and a variety of developmental disorders, including autism. This disease is caused by mutations within the tumor suppressor gene TSCI on chromosome 9q34 encoding hamartin or within TSC2 on chromosome 16p13.3 encoding tuberin. TSC patients carry a mutant TSC1 or TSC2 gene in each of their somatic cells, and loss of heterozygosity has been documented in a wide variety of TSC tumors. Recent data suggest that functional inactivation of TSC proteins might also be involved in the development of other diseases not associated with TSC, such as sporadic bladder cancer, breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma, gall bladder carcinoma, non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung, and Alzheimer's disease. Tuberin and hamartin form a heterodimer, suggesting they might affect the same processes. Tuberin is assumed to be the functional component of the complex and has been implicated in the regulation of different cellular functions. The TSC proteins regulate cell size control due to their involvement in the insulin signalling pathway. Furthermore, they are potent positive regulators of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, a major regulator of the mammalian cell cycle. Here we review the current knowledge on how mutations within the TSC genes could trigger deregulation of stability and localization of the tumor suppressor p27. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Med Univ Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
RP Hengstschager, M (reprint author), Med Univ Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
EM markus.hengstschlaeger@meduniwien.ac.at
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NR 67
TC 26
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1383-5742
J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT
JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 613
IS 1
BP 10
EP 16
DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.03.001
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 084TQ
UT WOS:000240557700002
PM 16713332
ER

PT J
AU Neri, P
   Luu, JY
   Levi, DM
AF Neri, Peter
   Luu, Jennifer Y.
   Levi, Dennis M.
TI Meaningful interactions can enhance visual discrimination of human
   agents
SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION PERCEPTION; MIRROR NEURONS;
   ACTION REPRESENTATION; SOCIAL COGNITION; BRAIN-AREAS; MECHANISMS;
   IMITATION; AUTISM; RECOGNITION
AB The ability to interpret and predict other people's actions is highly evolved in humans and is believed to play a central role in their cognitive behavior. However, there is no direct evidence that this ability confers a tangible benefit to sensory processing. Our quantitative behavioral experiments show that visual discrimination of a human agent is influenced by the presence of a second agent. This effect depended on whether the two agents interacted ( by fighting or dancing) in a meaningful synchronized fashion that allowed the actions of one agent to serve as predictors for the expected actions of the other agent, even though synchronization was irrelevant to the visual discrimination task. Our results demonstrate that action understanding has a pervasive impact on the human ability to extract visual information from the actions of other humans, providing quantitative evidence of its significance in performance.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Neri, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM pn@white.stanford.edu
RI Neri, Peter/G-1066-2012
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NR 44
TC 42
Z9 43
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1097-6256
J9 NAT NEUROSCI
JI Nat. Neurosci.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 9
IS 9
BP 1186
EP 1192
DI 10.1038/nn1759
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 078DE
UT WOS:000240080800021
PM 16936721
ER

PT J
AU Herbert, MR
   Russo, JP
   Yang, S
   Roohi, J
   Blaxill, A
   Kahler, SG
   Cremer, L
   Hatchwell, E
AF Herbert, M. R.
   Russo, J. P.
   Yang, S.
   Roohi, J.
   Blaxill, A.
   Kahler, S. G.
   Cremer, L.
   Hatchwell, E.
TI Autism and environmental genomics
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
DE autism; genetics; environmental genomics; toxicogenomics; systems
   biology; bioinformatics; genomics; immune
ID TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE CTD; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENE-EXPRESSION;
   EPIGENETIC REGULATION; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; CHANGING PREVALENCE;
   CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CANDIDATE
   GENES
AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined by behavior and diagnosed by clinical history and observation but have no biomarkers and are presumably, etiologically and biologically heterogeneous. Given brain abnormalities and high monozygotic concordance, ASDs have been framed as neurobiologically based and highly genetic, which has shaped the research agenda and in particular criteria for choosing candidate ASD genes. Genetic studies to date have not uncovered genes of strong effect, but a move toward "genetic complexity" at the neurobiological level may not suffice, as evidence of systemic abnormalities (e.g. gastrointestinal and immune), increasing rates and less than 100% monozygotic concordance support a more inclusive refraining of autism as a multisystern disorder with genetic influence and environmental contributors. We review this evidence and also use a bioinformatic approach to explore the possibility that "environmentally responsive genes" not specifically associated with the nervous system, but potentially associated with systemic changes in autism, have not hitherto received sufficient attention in autism genetics investigations. We overlapped genes from NIEHS Environmental Genome Project, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and the SeattleSNPs database of genes relevant to the human immune and inflammatory response with linkage regions identified in published autism genome scans. We identified 135 genes in overlap regions, of which 56 had never previously been studied in relation to autism and 47 had functional SNPs (in coding regions). Both our review and the bioinformatics exercise support the expansion of criteria for evaluating the relevance of genes to autism risk to include genes related to systemic impact and environmental responsiveness. This review also suggests the utility of environmental genomic resources in highlighting the potential relevance of particular genes within linkage regions. Environmental responsiveness and systems impacts consistent with system-wide findings in autism are thus supported as important considerations in identifying the numerous and complex modes of gene-environment interaction in autism. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Morphometr Anal, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
   Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA.
   Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.
RP Herbert, MR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Morphometr Anal, 149 13th St,Room 6012, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
EM mherbertl@partners.org
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   2006, PROGRAM GENOMIC APPL
NR 103
TC 79
Z9 84
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 671
EP 684
DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.017
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800004
PM 16644012
ER

PT J
AU Walker, SJ
   Segal, J
   Aschner, M
AF Walker, Stephen J.
   Segal, Jeffrey
   Aschner, Michael
TI Cultured lymphocytes from autistic children and non-autistic siblings
   up-regulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal challenge
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
DE autism; ethyl mercury; metallothionein; micorarrays
ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION; ASTROCYTE
   CULTURES; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NULL MICE; METHYLMERCURY;
   MERCURY; CELLS; ZINC
AB There are reports suggesting that some autistic children are unable to mount an adequate response following exposure to environmental toxins. This potential deficit, coupled with the similarity in clinical presentations of autism and some heavy metal toxicities, has led to the suggestion that heavy metal poisoning might play a role in the etiology of autism in uniquely susceptible individuals. Thimerosal, an anti-microbial preservative previously added routinely to childhood multi-dose vaccines, is composed of 49.6% ethyl mercury. Based on the levels of this toxin that children receive through routine immunization schedules in the first years of life, it has been postulated that thimerosal may be a potential triggering mechanism contributing to autism in susceptible individuals. One potential risk factor in these individuals may be an inability to adequately upregulate metallothionein (MT) biosynthesis in response to presentation of a heavy metal challenge. To investigate this hypothesis, cultured lymphocytes (obtained from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, AGRE) from autistic children and non-autistic siblings were challenged with either 10 mu M ethyl mercury, 150 mu M zinc, or fresh media (control). Following the challenge, total RNA was extracted and used to query "whole genome" DNA microarrays. Cultured lymphocytes challenged with zinc responded with an impressive up-regulation of MT transcripts (at least nine different MTs were over-expressed) while cells challenged with thimerosal responded by up-regulating numerous heat shock protein transcripts, but not MTs. Although there were no apparent differences between autistic and non-autistic sibling responses in this very small sampling group, the differences in expression profiles between those cells treated with zinc versus thimerosal were dramatic. Determining cellular response, at the level of gene expression, has important implications for the understanding and treatment of conditions that result from exposure to neurotoxic compounds. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC 27156 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
RP Walker, SJ (reprint author), Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 115 S Chestnut St,PTCRC Bldg, Winston Salem, NC 27101 USA.
EM swalker@wfubmc.edu
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NR 31
TC 17
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 685
EP 692
DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.003
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WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
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PM 16870260
ER

PT J
AU Grossman, L
AF Grossman, Lee
TI Autism spectrum disorders and neurotoxicity and environmental health
   issues: Is this the reason for the epidemic?
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Autism Soc Amer, Bethesda, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 877
EP 878
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800031
ER

PT J
AU Herbert, MR
   Russo, J
   Yang, S
   Roohi, J
   Blaxill, M
   Kahler, S
   Mccoy, L
   Ziegler, DA
   Hatchwell, E
AF Herbert, Martha R.
   Russo, J. P.
   Yang, S.
   Roohi, J.
   Blaxill, M.
   Kahler, S. G.
   McCoy, L.
   Ziegler, D. A.
   Hatchwell, E.
TI Autism, genes and the environment.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, CMA & Pediat Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 877
EP 877
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800029
ER

PT J
AU Harry, GJ
   Carson, M
AF Harry, G. Jean
   Carson, Monica
TI Session III-B: Developmental effects on the immune system: Implications
   for autism and neurodevelopmental disorders
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 880
EP 880
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800038
ER

PT J
AU McMahon, W
AF McMahon, William
TI A case-control study of antibodies to central nervous system proteins
   and measles virus in children with autism.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Neurol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 881
EP 881
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800043
ER

PT J
AU Pardo-Villamizar, C
AF Pardo-Villamizar, Carlos
TI Neuroinflammatory and neuroglial CNS responses in autism.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
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J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 881
EP 881
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800042
ER

PT J
AU Stigler, KA
AF Stigler, Kimberly A.
TI Autism and the immune system: An overview.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Indiana Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA.
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TC 1
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 881
EP 881
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GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800041
ER

PT J
AU Van de Water, J
AF Van de Water, Judy
TI Suboptimal IGG response to bacterial vaccine antigens in patients with
   autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 881
EP 882
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800044
ER

PT J
AU Croen, L
AF Croen, Lisa
TI Maternal immune status during pregnancy and childhood autism.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Kaiser Permanente Div Res, Oakland, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 882
EP 882
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800045
ER

PT J
AU Kane, PC
   Braccia, D
   Cartaxo, A
   Kane, E
AF Kane, P. C.
   Braccia, D.
   Cartaxo, A.
   Kane, E.
TI Clearance of neurotoxins by phospholipid emulsion in autism and PDD.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Haverford Wellness Ctr, Havertown, PA 19083 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 883
EP 883
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800047
ER

PT J
AU Crawley, JN
AF Crawley, Jacqueline N.
TI Defining mouse behaviors related autism.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 892
EP 892
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800070
ER

PT J
AU James, SJ
   Melnyk, S
   Jernigan, S
AF James, S. J.
   Melnyk, S.
   Jernigan, S.
TI Oxidative stress in children with autism: Metabolic biomarkers and
   genetic polymorphisms.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA.
   Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 893
EP 894
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800074
ER

PT J
AU Piven, J
AF Piven, Joe
TI Defining the autism and broad autism phenotypes.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 894
EP 894
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800075
ER

PT J
AU Herbert, MR
   Russo, JP
   Yang, S
   Roohi, J
   Blaxill, M
   Kahler, SG
   McCoy, L
   Ziegler, DA
   Hatchwell, E
AF Herbert, M. R.
   Russo, J. P.
   Yang, S.
   Roohi, J.
   Blaxill, M.
   Kahler, S. G.
   McCoy, L.
   Ziegler, D. A.
   Hatchwell, E.
TI Autism and environmental genomics.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, CMA & Pediat Neurol, Charlestown, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 906
EP 907
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800099
ER

PT J
AU Ogawa, T
   Kuwagata, M
   Shioda, S
AF Ogawa, T.
   Kuwagata, M.
   Shioda, S.
TI A new developmental neurotoxicity study focusing on the fetal brain:
   Evaluation of a rat autism model induced by valproate and thalidomide.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
C1 Showa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Tokyo 142, Japan.
   FDSC, Hatano Res Inst, Kanagawa, Japan.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 907
EP 907
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800100
ER

PT J
AU Walker, SJ
AF Walker, S. J.
TI Cultured lymphocytes from autistic patients and non-autisitc siblings
   upregulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal challenge.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
DE autism; lymphocytes; thimerosal
C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 907
EP 907
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800101
ER

PT J
AU Ogawa, T
   Kuwagata, M
   Shioda, S
AF Ogawa, T.
   Kuwagata, M.
   Shioda, S.
TI A new developmental neurotoxicity study focusing on the fetal brain:
   Evaluation of a rat autism model induced by valproate and thalidomide.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
DE fetal brain; valproate; developmental neurotoxicity
C1 Showa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Tokyo 142, Japan.
   FDSC, Hatano Res Inst, Kanagawa, Japan.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 911
EP 911
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800111
ER

PT J
AU Cheh, MA
   Millonig, JH
   Jacobsen, E
   Ming, X
   Wagner, GC
AF Cheh, M. A.
   Millonig, J. H.
   Jacobsen, E.
   Ming, X.
   Wagner, G. C.
TI Animal model of autism using En2(-l-) mice.
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference
CY SEP 11-14, 2005
CL Res Triangle Park, NC
SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res
DE animal model; autism; engrailed-2
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Neurosci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, Newark, NJ 07103 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
SI SI
BP 928
EP 928
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 082SZ
UT WOS:000240408800154
ER

PT J
AU Stodgell, CJ
   Ingram, JL
   O'Bara, M
   Tisdale, BK
   Nau, H
   Rodier, PM
AF Stodgell, Christopher J.
   Ingram, Jennifer L.
   O'Bara, Melanie
   Tisdale, Barbara K.
   Nau, Heinz
   Rodier, Patricia M.
TI Induction of the homeotic gene Hoxa1 through valproic acid's teratogenic
   mechanism of action
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE development; autism; teratogens; rat; gene expression; 4-vn-VPA; IE-VPA;
   retinoic acid
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FETAL
   ANTICONVULSANT SYNDROME; RETINOIC ACID; HISTONE DEACETYLASE;
   ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; A218G POLYMORPHISM; ALLELIC
   VARIANTS; AUTISM
AB Background: Valproic acid (VPA) exposure in utero has been associated with an increased risk of both neural tube defects and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The terata induced by VPA suggest interference with pattern formation. Retinoic acid produces similar terata and is known to act in part by increasing the expression of Hoxa1. We tested the hypotheses that exposure to VPA would alter the expression of Hoxal in rat embryos during times of normal Hoxal expression (d10.5-13.5) and that exposure at earlier and later stages would induce inappropriate expression.
   Method: Hoxa1 expression levels were determined by real-time PCR in individual embryos 1 h after exposure on gestational d10, 12, 13, 14, or 15. Additionally, teratogenic (4-yn-VPA) and nonteratogenic analogs of VPA (IE-VPA), retinoic acid (RA), and saline were compared for effects on Hoxal expression on d12. Embryos were allowed to develop for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 24 h, to follow the time course of effects.
   Results: In utero exposure to VPA on gestational d10 and on d12-14 significantly increased the level of Hoxal expression compared to saline-exposed embryos at developmental ages prior to, during and after the normal expression period for this gene. On gestational d12, exposures to VPA and 4-yn-VPA significantly increased Hoxal expression at all sacrifice times, compared to saline-exposed embryos. RA significantly elevated Hoxal expression at all time points except 24-h post-treatment. The nonteratogenic VPA analog, IE-VPA, did not affect Hoxal expression.
   Conclusions: VPA and 4-yn-VPA exposures elevated Hoxal mRNA during its normal expression period and induced expression outside of the normal period. This may explain, in part, how VPA disrupts development. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
   Univ Hannover, Ctr Food Sci, Dept Food Toxicol, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
RP Stodgell, CJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
EM Chris_Stodgell@urmc.rochester.edu
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NR 67
TC 26
Z9 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2006
VL 28
IS 5
BP 617
EP 624
DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.08.004
PG 8
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 115OG
UT WOS:000242743000011
PM 16989981
ER

PT J
AU Padilla, FV
   de la Torre, AM
AF Padilla, F. Viguria
   de la Torre, A. Mijan
TI Pica: The portrait of a little known clinical entity
SO NUTRICION HOSPITALARIA
LA English
DT Review
DE pica, geophagia; mental retardation; eating disorder; review
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL
   MECHANISMS; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; RAPUNZEL SYNDROME; ANTIEMETIC DRUGS;
   PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANIMAL-MODEL; GEOPHAGY; RATS
AB Pica is a eating disorder, of the eating behavior in childhood. It is defined as the persistent intake of non-nutritional substances for at least one month, in an inappropriate way from an evolutionary perspective, and provided that its practice is not culturally banned. Many animal species, including primates, have this behavior. Documented from antiquity, in most cases it has been considered a symptom of another related disorder rather than as independent condition. Its prevalence is unknown. It is mainly described in mentally disabled people, pregnant women, autism, mentally ill patients, children, and others. The ingestion of earth, ice, starch, ropes, wood, and other products has been observed, although some authors also include the obsessive and reiterative consumption of eatable substances. Geophagia is considered a cultural phenomenon, although sometimes may lead to disease, and an form of paleomedicine or paleonutrition. The etiology of pica is unknown and it has no markers. Sensitive, digestive, nutritional, psychological, and psychiatric factors have been implicated in its origin and maintenance. Although the morbimortality is unknown and difficult to study, we may highlight intoxications, parasitic diseases, and surgical abdomen with serious complications. Finally, as in other eating behavior disorders, the global management of this entity requires a coordinated intervention of different health care professionals.
C1 CAMP Fuentes Blancas, Gerencia Serv Sociales, Burgos, Spain.
   Univ Valladolid, Fac Med, URTA, Serv Med Interna Nutr,Complejo Asistencial Burgos, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain.
RP de la Torre, AM (reprint author), Hosp Gen Yague, Med Interna Nutr, 8A Planta,Avda Cid 96, Burgos 09005, Spain.
EM mijan@hgy.es
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NR 98
TC 5
Z9 5
PU AULA MEDICA EDICIONES
PI MADRID
PA PAEO DEL PINTOR ROSALES, 26, MADRID, 28008, SPAIN
SN 0212-1611
J9 NUTR HOSP
JI Nutr. Hosp.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 5
BP 557
EP 566
PG 10
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 119EP
UT WOS:000242995300001
ER

PT J
AU Muys, V
   Rodger, S
   Bundy, AC
AF Muys, Varnia
   Rodger, Sylvia
   Bundy, Anita C.
TI Assessment of playfulness in children with autistic disorder: A
   comparison of the children's playfulness scale and the test of
   playfulness
SO OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE observational assessment; rasch measurement model; autism
ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; PRESCHOOLERS; PERFORMANCE
AB This study investigated the Children's Playfulness Scale (CPS) and the Test of Playfulness (ToP) in assessing children with autistic disorder. Twenty-four children aged 41 to 86 months were assessed on the CPS by a parent and on the CPS and the ToP by occupational therapists who rated two 15-minute unstructured and structured play sessions. Analysis of the data revealed correlations between the CPS parent and therapist ratings and the CPS and ToP scores for observed play sessions. A statistically significant difference (F = 79,263; p = .01) between parent CPS ratings and therapist CPS ratings was found in the unstructured play session. Correlation coefficients revealed a strong, positive correlation between therapist-rated ToP and CPS assessments (unstructured play, r = .814, p < .05; structured play, r =.799, p < .05). Regarding therapist ratings of playfulness, the CPS and the ToP appear to assess a similar phenomenon and are clinically useful for children with autistic disorder.
C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Occupat Therapy, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Occupat & Leisure Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Rodger, S (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Occupat Therapy, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
EM s.rodger@mailbox.uq.edu.au
RI Rodger, Sylvia/F-8738-2010
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 48
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 1539-4492
J9 OTJR-OCCUP PART HEAL
JI OTJR-Occup. Particip. Health
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 4
BP 159
EP 170
PG 12
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 099MM
UT WOS:000241599000006
ER

PT J
AU Connors, SL
   Matteson, KJ
   Sega, GA
   Lozzio, CB
   Carroll, RC
   Zimmerman, AW
AF Connors, Susan L.
   Matteson, Karla J.
   Sega, Gary A.
   Lozzio, Carmen B.
   Carroll, Roger C.
   Zimmerman, Andrew W.
TI Plasma serotonin in autism
SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOOD SEROTONIN; REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; IN-UTERO; CHILDREN; DISORDERS;
   PLATELET; EXPOSURE; RELEASE
AB Serotonin is necessary for normal fetal brain development. Administration of serotonin inhibitors to pregnant rats results in offspring with abnormal behaviors, brain morphology, and serotonin receptor numbers. Low maternal plasma serotonin may contribute to abnormal brain development in autism. In this study, plasma serotonin levels in autism mothers and control mothers of typically developing children were compared, and plasma serotonin levels in children with autism (n = 17) and their family members were measured. Plasma serotonin levels in autism mothers were significantly lower than in mothers of normal children (P = 0.002). Plasma serotonin levels correlated between autism mothers and their children, but differed between autistic children and their fathers (P = 0.028) and siblings (P = 0.063). Low maternal plasma serotonin may be a risk factor for autism through effects on fetal brain development. (c) 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dev & Genet Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA.
   Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA.
RP Zimmerman, AW (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM Zimmerman@kennedykrieger.org
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NR 29
TC 21
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0887-8994
J9 PEDIATR NEUROL
JI Pediatr. Neurol.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 35
IS 3
BP 182
EP 186
DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.02.010
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 087NC
UT WOS:000240748100004
PM 16939857
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Autism Consortium to use Affymetrix single GeneChip((R)) Human Mapping
   500K Array
SO PHARMACOGENOMICS
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
PI LONDON
PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3
   1QB, ENGLAND
SN 1462-2416
J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS
JI Pharmacogenomics
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 7
IS 6
BP 812
EP 812
PG 1
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 091IH
UT WOS:000241020000004
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Autism 'rise' - Changes in diagnosis, or something more?
SO PSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0952-8229
J9 PSYCHOLOGIST
JI Psychologist
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 9
BP 517
EP 517
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 092PE
UT WOS:000241109000003
ER

PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
AF Baron-Cohen, Simon
TI Empathy - Freudian origins and 21st-century neuroscience
SO PSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM; RESPONSES; OTHERS; BRAIN
C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
EM sb205@cam.ac.uk
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NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0952-8229
J9 PSYCHOLOGIST
JI Psychologist
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 9
BP 536
EP 537
PG 2
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 092PE
UT WOS:000241109000022
ER

PT J
AU Hillman, J
AF Hillman, Jennifer
TI Supporting and treating families with children on the autistic spectrum:
   The unique role of the generalist psychologist
SO PSYCHOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autistic spectrum disorders; behavior therapy; evidence-based;
   family therapy; intervention
ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY
   INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMPLEMENTATION; DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH; MODEL;
   CARE
AB Research findings indicate that intensive behavior therapy (e.g., applied behavioral analysis, or ABA) represents an effective treatment for autistic spectrum disorders. Unfortunately, children with autism represent an underserved patient population. Parents often make treatment decisions with insufficient information and report problems in establishing and maintaining treatment programs. This practice review asserts that psychologists, including those without professional certification or coursework in ABA, are in a unique position to assist affected children and their families. Psychologists can provide critical information about evidence-based treatment; offer assistance in overcoming barriers to intensive treatment, including personnel selection; and provide ongoing support to family members. Case examples also illustrate how psychologists can help families address specific barriers to intensive treatment.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Psychol, Berks Coll, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Hillman, J (reprint author), Appl Psychol Program, POB 7009, Reading, PA USA.
EM JLH35@psu.edu
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NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC, DIV PSYCHOTHERAPY
PI CORAL GABLES
PA 1390 SOUTH DIXIE HIGHWAY, STE 2222, CORAL GABLES, FL 33146-2946 USA
SN 0033-3204
J9 PSYCHOTHERAPY
JI Psychotherapy
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 3
BP 349
EP 358
DI 10.1037/0033-3204.43.3.349
PG 10
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 089AP
UT WOS:000240852600013
PM 22122105
ER

PT J
AU Cassell, JA
   Leach, M
   Poltorak, MS
   Mercer, CH
   Iversen, A
   Fairhead, JR
AF Cassell, J. A.
   Leach, M.
   Poltorak, M. S.
   Mercer, C. H.
   Iversen, A.
   Fairhead, J. R.
TI Is the cultural context of MMR rejection a key to an effective public
   health discourse?
SO PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE MMR; choice; homeopathy; vitamin K; survey
ID RUBELLA VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; MUMPS; RISK; STATEMENT; AUTISM
AB Objectives: (1) To explore the social and cultural influences, and health beliefs associated with low uptake of MMR (meastes, mumps and rubella vaccine). (2) To describe and explore the prevalence of health beliefs associated with noncompliance with MMR, with a view to improving the personal relevance and impact of information for parents, in the context of persisting low uptake following public controversy.
   Methods: We undertook a survey of mothers' experiences of and attitudes to the MMR, developed through ethnographic study, which was linked to maternal and child information on the Child Health Database in Brighton, England.
   Results: Mothers interpret MMR risk through concepts of child health embedded in family health history, with a majority both of compliers and non-compliers holding that each child's immune system is unique. Cultural 'risk factors' for non-compliance relate strongly to the use of complementary healthcare, such as homeopathy, with evidence that rejection of vitamin K is associated with MMR non-compliance. Forty per cent, both of compliers and non-compliers, did not consider the possible benefits to other children of MMR.
   Conclusions: These findings have paradoxical and challenging consequences for the promotion of immunization in the policy context of increasing emphasis on healthy choices. They demonstrate the need for immunization information that acknowledges and addresses lay concepts of immunity. (c) 2006 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, London NW2 2PF, England.
   Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, Brighton, E Sussex, England.
   Univ Sussex, Dept Anthropol, Brighton, E Sussex, England.
RP Cassell, JA (reprint author), UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, Rowland Hill St, London NW2 2PF, England.
EM j.cassell@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
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NR 27
TC 27
Z9 28
PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
PI LONDON
PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND
SN 0033-3506
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Public Health
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 120
IS 9
BP 783
EP 794
DI 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.03.011
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 093LT
UT WOS:000241170500002
PM 16828492
ER

PT J
AU Hill, J
   Furniss, F
AF Hill, Jennie
   Furniss, Frederick
TI Patterns of emotional and behavioural disturbance associated with
   autistic traits in young people with severe intellectual disabilities
   and challenging behaviours
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT World Congress of the
   International-Association-for-the-Scientific-Study-of-Intellectual-Disab
   ility
CY 2004
CL Montpellier, FRANCE
SP Int Assoc Sci Study Intellectual Disabil
DE autism; intellectual disability; emotional and behavioural disturbance;
   DASH-II
ID II DASH-II; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; DIAGNOSTIC-ASSESSMENT;
   HANDICAPPED-II; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; DEPRESSION; CHECKLIST; SUBSCALE;
   CHILDREN
AB Emotional and behavioural disturbance was assessed in 82 individuals with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour using the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II). Levels of disturbance were compared firstly in individuals with and without features of autism as assessed by the DASH-II, and secondly in individuals with varying severities of autism. In both cases levels of ability and overall severity of behaviour disorder were comparable across groups. Individuals with autistic features were found to have significantly higher scores than nonautistic individuals on the DASH-II organic disorder, anxiety, mania, PDD/autism and stereotypies subscales. When participants with autistic features were separated into groups of severe and moderate autism and compared with nonautistic participants, significant effects of group were found for scores on the anxiety, mood, mania, PDD/autism, schizophrenia and stereotypies subscales. Scheffe tests were conducted to further evaluate between-group differences. Item analysis showed seven DASH-II items to have a 30% or more difference between levels of endorsement in autistic and nonautistic individuals, with six further items showing a 20% or greater difference in levels of endorsement. Findings are compared to those from previous research and implications for the conceptualisation of emotional and behavioural disorders in individuals with autism are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Community Learning Disabil Team, Worksop S80 2JD, Notts, England.
   Hesley Grp, Doncaster, England.
   Univ Leicester, Sch Psychol, Leicester, Leics, England.
RP Hill, J (reprint author), Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Community Learning Disabil Team, 53,Cheapside, Worksop S80 2JD, Notts, England.
EM Jennie.Hill@Nottshc.NHS.UK
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NR 24
TC 56
Z9 56
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 5
BP 517
EP 528
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.001
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 092YF
UT WOS:000241132900003
PM 16194598
ER

PT J
AU Arias-Dimas, A
   Vilaseca, MA
   Artuch, R
   Ribes, A
   Campistol, J
AF Arias-Dimas, A.
   Vilaseca, M. A.
   Artuch, R.
   Ribes, A.
   Campistol, J.
TI Diagnosis and treatment of brain creatine deficiency syndromes
SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; brain creatine deficiency; creatine; epilepsy; guanidinoacetate;
   mental retardation
ID GUANIDINOACETATE-METHYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY; ARGININE-GLYCINE
   AMIDINOTRANSFERASE; LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; TRANSPORTER GENE SLC6A8;
   MOUSE-CHROMOSOME 10; GAMT DEFICIENCY; INBORN ERROR; MOLECULAR
   CHARACTERIZATION; ENZYME ASSAY; METABOLISM
AB Aim. To review the clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects of brain creatine deficiency syndromes, as well as the therapeutic options available. Development. Brain creatine deficiency syndrome has recently been described as a series of inborn errors of metabolism that I affect the synthesis and transport of creatine. Three metabolic defects are known: two affect synthesis -guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) and arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT)- and one affects the transport of creatine. Clinically, these patients can display mental retardation, language disorders, epilepsy, autistic behaviour, neurological impairment and movement disorders. After the clinical selection, the different defects can be identified by a biochemical study involving the analysis of metabolites in biological fluids (guanidinoacetate and creatine/creatinine ratio). Before continuing with the molecular studies, it is important to confirm the deficiency of brain creatine by means of magnetic resonance imaging with spectroscopy. Diagnostic confirmation of AGAT and GAMT deficits is carried out by determining the enzymatic activity in fibroblasts or lymphoblasts, or the incorporation of creatine in the case of studies of transport defects. The study of mutations in AGAT, GAMT (autosomal recessive inheritance) and SLC6A8.(X-linked) genes completes the diagnosis. Conclusions. Brain creatine deficiency syndromes are mainly associated to mental retardation and autism. GAMT and AGAT deficiencies respond to treatment with creatine, whereas patients with transport defects do not respond to this therapy; new therapeutic approaches are therefore being evaluated for this disease.
C1 Hosp Sant Joan Deu, Serv Bioquim, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain.
   Hosp Sant Joan Deu, Serv Neuropediat, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain.
   Corp Sanitaria Clin, Inst Bioquim Clin, Barcelona, Spain.
RP Artuch, R (reprint author), Hosp Sant Joan Deu, Serv Bioquim, Passeig Sant Joan Deu 2, E-08950 Barcelona, Spain.
EM rartuch@hsjdbcn.org
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NR 63
TC 10
Z9 10
PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA
PI BARCELONA
PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0210-0010
J9 REV NEUROLOGIA
JI Rev. Neurologia
PD SEP 1
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
BP 302
EP 308
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 081SW
UT WOS:000240338300009
PM 16941429
ER

PT J
AU Rudebeck, PH
   Buckley, MJ
   Walton, ME
   Rushworth, MFS
AF Rudebeck, P. H.
   Buckley, M. J.
   Walton, M. E.
   Rushworth, M. F. S.
TI A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ORBITAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX;
   DECISION-MAKING; LESIONS; AMYGDALA; BEHAVIOR; EMOTION; HUMANS; AUTISM
AB Complex human social interaction is disrupted when the frontal lobe is damaged in disease, and in extreme cases patients are described as having acquired sociopathy. We compared, in macaques, the effects of lesions in subdivisions of the anterior cingulate and the orbitofrontal cortices believed to be anatomically homologous to those damaged in such patients. We show that the anterior cingulate gyrus in male macaques is critical for normal patterns of social interest in other individual male or female macaques. Conversely, the orbitofrontal cortex lesion had a marked effect only on responses to mildly fear-inducing stimuli. These results suggest that damage to the anterior cingulate gyrus may be the cause of changes in social interaction seen after frontal lobe damage.
C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England.
RP Rudebeck, PH (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England.
EM peter.rudebeck@psy.ox.ac.uk
RI Rudebeck, Peter/G-7931-2012
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NR 29
TC 117
Z9 118
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 1
PY 2006
VL 313
IS 5791
BP 1310
EP 1312
DI 10.1126/science.1128197
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 081JI
UT WOS:000240313500048
PM 16946075
ER

PT J
AU Saxe, R
   Baron-Cohen, S
AF Saxe, Rebecca
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
TI The neuroscience of theory of mind
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; FALSE-BELIEF; COGNITION;
   LANGUAGE; AUTISM; GAZE; PRESCHOOLERS; CHILDREN; GRAMMAR
C1 [Saxe, Rebecca] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Saxe, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
RP Saxe, R (reprint author), MIT, 46-4019,43 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM saxe@mit.edu
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NR 46
TC 14
Z9 14
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP I
EP IX
DI 10.1080/17470910601117463
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100001
PM 18633783
ER

PT J
AU Mojzisch, A
   Schilbach, L
   Helmert, JR
   Pannasch, S
   Velichkovsky, BM
   Vogeley, K
AF Mojzisch, Andreas
   Schilbach, Leonhard
   Helmert, Jens R.
   Pannasch, Sebastian
   Velichkovsky, Boris M.
   Vogeley, Kai
TI The effects of self-involvement on attention, arousal, and facial
   expression during social interaction with virtual others: A
   psychophysiological study
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EYE GAZE; COGNITION; PERCEPTION; AUTISM; MEMORY; INTIMACY; EXCHANGE;
   MIMICRY; GENDER; CORTEX
AB Social neuroscience has shed light on the underpinnings of understanding other minds. The current study investigated the effect of self-involvement during social interaction on attention, arousal, and facial expression. Specifically, we sought to disentangle the effect of being personally addressed from the effect of decoding the meaning of another person's facial expression. To this end, eye movements, pupil size, and facial electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded while participants observed virtual characters gazing at them or looking at someone else. In dynamic animations, the virtual characters then displayed either socially relevant facial expressions (similar to those used in everyday life situations to establish interpersonal contact) or arbitrary facial movements. The results show that attention allocation, as assessed by eye-tracking measurements, was specifically related to self-involvement regardless of the social meaning being conveyed. Arousal, as measured by pupil size, was primarily related to perceiving the virtual character's gender. In contrast, facial EMG activity was determined by the perception of socially relevant facial expressions irrespective of whom these were directed towards.
C1 [Mojzisch, Andreas] Univ Gottingen, Inst Psychol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
   [Schilbach, Leonhard; Vogeley, Kai] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
   [Helmert, Jens R.; Pannasch, Sebastian; Velichkovsky, Boris M.] Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany.
RP Mojzisch, A (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Psychol, Gosslerstr 14, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
EM mojzisch@psych.uni-goettingen.de
RI Schilbach, Leonhard/G-5832-2010; Vogeley, K/E-4860-2012
OI Schilbach, Leonhard/0000-0001-5547-8309; Vogeley, K/0000-0002-5891-5831
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NR 50
TC 24
Z9 24
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 184
EP 195
DI 10.1080/17470910600985621
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100005
PM 18633787
ER

PT J
AU Senju, A
   Johnson, MH
   Csibra, G
AF Senju, Atsushl
   Johnson, Mark H.
   Csibra, Gergely
TI The development and neural basis of referential gaze perception
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION
   PERCEPTION; EYE-GAZE; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; UNIQUE MORPHOLOGY; HUMAN
   INFANTS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; BRAIN
AB Infants are sensitive to the referential information conveyed by others' eye gaze, which could be one of the developmental foundations of theory of mind. To investigate the neural correlates of gaze-object relations, we recorded ERPs from adults and 9-month-old infants while they watched scenes containing gaze shifts either towards or away from the location of a preceding object. In adults, object-incongruent gaze shifts elicited enhanced ERP amplitudes over the occipito-temporal area (N330). In infants, a similar posterior ERP component (N290) was greater for object-incongruent gaze shifts, which suggests that by the age of 9 months infants encode referential information of gaze in a similar way to adults. In addition, in infants we observed an early frontal ERP component (anterior N200), which showed higher amplitude in response to the perception of object-congruent gaze shifts. This component may reflect fast-track processing of socially relevant information, such as the detection of communicative or informative situations, and could form a developmental foundation for attention sharing, social learning and theory of mind.
C1 [Senju, Atsushl; Johnson, Mark H.; Csibra, Gergely] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Sch Psychol, London WC1E 7HX, England.
RP Johnson, MH (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Sch Psychol, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England.
EM mark.johnson@bbk.ac.uk
RI Csibra, Gergely/C-4345-2008; Senju, Atsushi/C-4097-2008
OI Csibra, Gergely/0000-0002-7044-3056; Senju, Atsushi/0000-0002-8081-7170
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NR 61
TC 41
Z9 42
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 220
EP 234
DI 10.1080/17470910600989797
PG 15
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100007
PM 18633789
ER

PT J
AU Perner, J
   Aichhorn, M
   Kronbichler, M
   Staffen, W
   Ladurner, G
AF Perner, Josef
   Aichhorn, Markus
   Kronbichler, Martin
   Staffen, Wolfgang
   Ladurner, Gunther
TI Thinking of mental and other representations: The roles of left and
   right temporo-parietal junction
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE BELIEFS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; MIND IMPAIRMENTS;
   WORKING-MEMORY; FMRI; LOBE; PRESCHOOLERS; AUTISM; PHOTOGRAPHS;
   PERSPECTIVE
AB Adopting new versions of the false belief and "false" photo vignettes used by Saxe & Kanwisher (2003) we were able to show activation in all five areas previously reported. Activations by added false sign and temporal change control vignettes in these areas showed that the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJR) is specifically associated with processing mental states like belief. In contrast, TPJ-L was also activated by false signs suggesting an association with processing perspective differences for mental and non-mental objects in line with work on visual perspective tasks. A similar, but less clearly interpretable pattern of activations was also found in the middle temporal gyrus, precuneus and in the MPFC. These results are discussed in relation to findings in normal development where false belief and false sign tasks associate more strongly with each other than does each of them with the "false" photo task.
C1 [Perner, Josef] Salzburg Univ, Dept Psychol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
   [Kronbichler, Martin; Staffen, Wolfgang; Ladurner, Gunther] Paracelsus Privat Med Univ, Salzburg, Austria.
RP Perner, J (reprint author), Salzburg Univ, Dept Psychol, Hellbrunnerstr 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
EM josef.perner@sbg.ac.at
RI Kronbichler, Martin/A-5599-2008; Neurocognition Lab, Neurocognition
   Lab/B-5165-2011; Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for/C-7888-2011
OI Kronbichler, Martin/0000-0003-2240-2812; 
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NR 49
TC 95
Z9 96
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 245
EP 258
DI 10.1080/17470910600989896
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100009
PM 18633791
ER

PT J
AU Mazzola, F
   Seigal, A
   MacAskill, A
   Corden, B
   Lawrence, K
   Skuse, DH
AF Mazzola, Francesca
   Seigal, Anna
   MacAskill, Andrew
   Corden, Ben
   Lawrence, Kate
   Skuse, David H.
TI Eye tracking and fear recognition deficits in Turner syndrome
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID X-LINKED GENES; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; AMYGDALA RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR
   PROBLEMS; AUTISM; FACE; FIXATION; GIRLS; PATTERNS; CHILDREN
AB Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder of X-monosomy in females. A minority have impaired social responsiveness, poor discrimination of facial emotions (especially fear), and abnormal amygdalacortical connectivity. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal gaze fixation, especially with the eye region of faces, would be associated with these features, in a similar pattern to that seen in subjects with autism. Furthermore, since these features tend to be more striking in TS women whose X chromosome is maternal in origin, we also predicted that there may be a difference within the Turner's group according to parental origin of the single X. Adults with 45,X karyotype and age and IQ matched 46,XX women were recruited and tested. Facial fear recognition was significantly worse in 45,X females than controls, but there were no group differences according to parental origin of their single X chromosome. Subsequently, we tested 45,X and 46,XX women using a remote eye-tracking device, as they viewed photographs of emotional human faces. Striking differences in scanpaths were found between the TS and controls, and within the TS group, but not according to parental origin of the X chromosome. These findings provide novel evidence for abnormal face processing in some women with TS, and indicate a potential neural mechanism underlying the difficulties in some key aspects of social cognition.
C1 [Mazzola, Francesca; Seigal, Anna; MacAskill, Andrew; Corden, Ben; Lawrence, Kate; Skuse, David H.] Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
RP Skuse, DH (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM dskuse@ich.ucl.ac.uk
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NR 44
TC 23
Z9 23
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 259
EP 269
DI 10.1080/17470910600989912
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100010
PM 18633792
ER

PT J
AU Leslie, AM
   Mallon, R
   DiCorcia, JA
AF Leslie, Alan M.
   Mallon, Ron
   DiCorcia, Jennifer A.
TI Transgressors, victims, and cry babies: Is basic moral judgment spared
   in autism?
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; FALSE BELIEF; MIND;
   COMMUNICATION; PERFORMANCE; PRESCHOOL; DEFICITS
AB Human social intelligence comprises a wide range of complex cognitive and affective processes that appear to be selectively impaired in autistic spectrum disorders. The study of these neuro-developmental disorders and the study of canonical social intelligence have advanced rapidly over the last twenty years by investigating the two together. Specifically, studies of autism have provided important insights into the nature of "theory of mind" abilities, their normal development and underlying neural systems. At the same time, the idea of impaired development of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying "theory of mind" has shed new light on the nature of autistic disorders. This general approach is not restricted to the study of impairments but extends to mapping areas of social intelligence that are spared in autism. Here we investigate basic moral judgment and find that it appears to be substantially intact in children with autism who are severely impaired in "theory of mind". At the same time, we extend studies of moral reasoning in normal development by way of a new control task, the "cry baby" task. Cry baby scenarios, in which the distress of the victim is "unreasonable" or "unjustified," do not elicit moral condemnation from normally developing preschoolers or from children with autism. Judgments of moral transgressions in which the victim displays distress are therefore not likely the result of a simple automatic reaction to distress and more likely involve moral reasoning. Mapping the cognitive comorbidity patterns of disordered development must encompass both impairments and sparings because both are needed to make sense of the neural and genetic levels.
C1 [Leslie, Alan M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Cognit Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Mallon, Ron] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   [DiCorcia, Jennifer A.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Leslie, AM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Cognit Sci, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM aleslie@ruccs.rutgers.edu
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NR 55
TC 44
Z9 45
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 270
EP 283
DI 10.1080/17470910600992197
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100011
PM 18633793
ER

PT J
AU Sabbagh, MA
   Flynn, J
AF Sabbagh, Mark A.
   Flynn, Jessica
TI Mid-frontal EEG alpha asymmetries predict individual differences in one
   aspect of theory of mind: Mental state decoding
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AFFECTIVE STYLE; NEURAL
   SYSTEMS; AUTISM; BRAIN; DEPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION
AB Mental state decoding is the aspect of theory-of-mind (TOM) reasoning that requires individuals to make judgments about others' mental states based solely on immediately available information. We investigated whether individual differences in resting, task-independent frontal EEG alpha asymmetries predicted performance on the "Mind in the Eyes" (MIE) task, which is an established measure of mental state decoding skills. Group analyses showed that mental state decoding skills were stronger among those with right-lateralized frontal activation. Individual differences analyses showed that the degree of relative right mid-frontal activation predicted performance on the task. These findings establish a neural correlate of individual differences in one aspect of ToM, and hypotheses about the precise mechanism involved are discussed.
C1 [Sabbagh, Mark A.; Flynn, Jessica] Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RP Sabbagh, MA (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
EM mark.sabbagh@queensu.ca
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NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 299
EP 308
DI 10.1080/17470910601029163
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100013
PM 18633795
ER

PT J
AU Stone, VE
   Gerrans, P
AF Stone, Valerie E.
   Gerrans, Philip
TI What's domain-specific about theory of mind?
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; FALSE-BELIEF;
   NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EYE GAZE; FRONTOTEMPORAL
   DEMENTIA; SOCIAL COGNITION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN
AB Twenty years ago, Baron-Cohen and colleagues argued that autistic performance on false belief tests was explained by a deficit in metarepresentation. Subsequent research moved from the view that the mind has a domain-general capacity for metarepresentation to the view that the mind has a domain-specific mechanism for metarepresentation of mental states per se, i.e., the theory of mind mechanism (ToMM). We argue that 20 years of data collection in lesion patients and children with autism supports a more parsimonious view closer to that of the 1985 paper. Lower-level domain-specific mechanisms -e.g., tracking gaze, joint attention -interacting with higher-level domain-general mechanisms for metarepresentation, recursion, and executive function can account for observed patterns of deficits in both autism and neurological patients. The performance of children with autism or orbitofrontal patients on ToM tests can be explained more parsimoniously by their deficits in lower-level domain-specific mechanisms for processing social information. Without proper inputs, the intact capacity for metarepresentation by itself cannot make correct ToM inferences. Children with autism have no impairment in false photograph tests because their metarepresentational capacity is intact and they have no impairment in inputs required for such tests. TPJ patients have equivalent deficits on ToM and non-ToM metarepresentational tasks, consistent with a failure in domain-general processing. If deficits on ToM tasks can result from deficits in low-level input systems or in higher-level domain-general capacities, postulating a separate ToM mechanism may have been an unnecessary theoretical move.
C1 [Stone, Valerie E.] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
   [Gerrans, Philip] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
RP Stone, VE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, McElwain Bldg, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM stone@psy.uq.edu.au
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NR 72
TC 57
Z9 59
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI-UK
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 309
EP 319
DI 10.1080/17470910601029221
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100014
PM 18633796
ER

PT J
AU Ashwin, C
   Chapman, E
   Colle, L
   Baron-Cohen, S
AF Ashwin, Chris
   Chapman, Emma
   Colle, Livia
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
TI Impaired recognition of negative basic emotions in autism: A test of the
   amygdala theory
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACE PROCESSING IMPAIRMENTS; TEMPORAL-LOBE
   EPILEPSY; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   NORMAL ADULTS; SOCIAL INFORMATION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BILATERAL DAMAGE
AB Autism and Asperger Syndrome are autism spectrum conditions (ASC) characterized by deficits in understanding others' minds, an aspect of which involves recognizing emotional expressions. This is thought to be related to atypical function and structure of the amygdala, and performance by people with ASC on emotion recognition tasks resembles that seen in people with acquired amygdala damage. In general, emotion recognition findings in ASC have been inconsistent, which may reflect low numbers of participants, low numbers of stimuli and trials, heterogeneity of symptom severity within ASC groups, and ceiling effects on some tasks. The present study tested 39 male adults with ASC and 39 typical male controls on a task of basic emotion recognition from photographs, in two separate experiments. On a control face discrimination task the group with ASC were not impaired. People with ASC were less accurate on the emotion recognition task compared to controls, but only for the negative basic emotions. This is discussed in the light of similar findings from people with damage to the amygdala.
C1 [Ashwin, Chris] Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
   [Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
   [Colle, Livia] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy.
RP Ashwin, C (reprint author), Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
EM cashwin@essex.ac.ukCA
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NR 124
TC 82
Z9 84
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 349
EP 363
DI 10.1080/17470910601040772
PG 15
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100017
PM 18633799
ER

PT J
AU Chakrabarti, B
   Bullmore, ET
   Baron-Cohen, S
AF Chakrabarti, Bhismadev
   Bullmore, Edward T.
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
TI Empathizing with basic emotions: Common and discrete neural substrates
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience
CY NOV 12-16, 2005
CL Washington, DC
SP Soc Neurosci
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS;
   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX;
   PERMUTATION TESTS; FACE PERCEPTION; PET EXPLORATION; PREMOTOR CORTEX
AB Empathizing is a quantitative trait involving understanding another's mental state (including their emotion) and responding to this with an appropriate emotion. A reliable, behaviorally validated self-report questionnaire measure of this is the Empathy Quotient (EQ), which is continuously distributed across the general population. The "discrete emotions" model posits that each "basic" emotion has a relatively independent evolutionary antecedent and social-communicative function and is subserved by a discrete neural system. In this study, we investigate if and how empathy influences the perception of basic emotions. Twenty-five volunteers (13 female, 12 male) selected across EQ space participated in a correlational design 3T fMRI study. The stimuli were presented in a box-car design, where 5 blocks (each containing 4 video clips of any one of happy, sad, angry, disgust or neutral expressions from different actors) and a low-level baseline were presented in pseudo-random order. Using an exploratory analysis, we found different brain regions correlated with EQ,depending on which emotion was being perceived. In particular, the ventral striatal response to happy faces correlated positively with EQ, while the ventral striatal response to sad faces was negatively correlated with EQ. The precuneus and lateral prefrontal cortical response to angry faces correlated positively with EQ. The response of the insula and the superior temporal gyrus cortex to disgust faces were negatively correlated with EQ. These results are discussed in the light of the postulated evolutionary function of each emotion. Using a hypothesis-driven conjunction analysis, we found that a region in the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus/premotor cortex was positively correlated to the EQ across all four emotions. This region could therefore constitute a biomarker for trait empathy across emotions. We conclude that there are common regions underlying empathy across different emotions, and there are regions that show an emotion-specific correlation with empathy. This pattern of results is interpreted using a modification of Haxby et al.'s model of face perception.
C1 [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Bullmore, Edward T.; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
RP Chakrabarti, B (reprint author), Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Douglas House,18b Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM bc249@cam.ac.uk
RI Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012
OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283
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NR 105
TC 55
Z9 56
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
EI 1747-0927
J9 SOC NEUROSCI-UK
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 364
EP 384
DI 10.1080/17470910601041317
PG 21
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100018
PM 18633800
ER

PT J
AU Carter, EJ
   Pelphrey, KA
AF Carter, Elizabeth J.
   Pelphrey, Kevin A.
TI School-aged children exhibit domain-specific responses to biological
   motion
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; BRAIN
   MECHANISMS; GAIT PERCEPTION; FACE PERCEPTION; JOINT ATTENTION; HUMAN
   INFANTS; MIND; AUTISM
AB Prior studies have implicated the superior temporal sulcus region for processing various types of biological motion in children and adults. However, no previous research in children compared this activity to that involved in coherent, meaningful, non-biological motion perception to show specificity for biological motion processing. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore which brain regions were specific for biological motion in 7- to 10-year-old children. We compared brain activity in response to biological motion by a biological figure (a walking human); biological motion by a non-biological figure (a walking robot); disorganized, non-biological motion by a disjointed mechanical figure; and organized, non-biological motion by a grandfather clock. We identified a network of brain regions that had a greater response evoked by biological than by non-biological motion, including the superior temporal sulcus and mirror neuron regions. Additionally, we found a developmental change suggesting increasing specificity for biological motion with age in the superior temporal sulcus region. We discuss these results in the context of research and theory that has emphasized the important role of biological motion perception in the development of theory-of-mind abilities.
C1 [Carter, Elizabeth J.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Pelphrey, KA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, 9 Flowers Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM kevin.pelphrey@duke.edu
RI Carter, Elizabeth/G-6958-2012
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NR 67
TC 40
Z9 40
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD SEP-DEC
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3-4
BP 396
EP 411
DI 10.1080/17470910601041382
PG 16
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QX
UT WOS:000252245100020
PM 18174911
ER

PT J
AU Bernardet, M
   Crusio, WE
AF Bernardet, Maude
   Crusio, Wim E.
TI Fmr1 KO mice as a possible model of autistic features
SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL
LA English
DT Review
DE animal model; autism; autistic-like traits; behavior; Fmr1 KO mice
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL
   DISORDERS; UTAH EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; KNOCKOUT MICE; MOUSE MODEL;
   ANIMAL-MODELS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; DENDRITIC
   SPINES
AB Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder appearing before the age of 3, where communication and social interactions are impaired. It also entails stereotypic behavior or restricted interests. Although this disorder was first described in 1943, little is still known about its etiology and that of related developmental disorders. Work with human patients has provided many data on neuropathological and cognitive symptoms, but our understanding of the functional defects at the cellular level and how they come about remains sketchy. To improve this situation, autism research is in need of valid animal models. However, despite a strong hereditary component, attempts to identify genes have generally failed, suggesting that many different genes are involved. As a high proportion of patients suffering from the Fragile X Syndrome show many autistic symptoms, a mouse model of this disorder could potentially also serve as a model for autism. The Fmr1 KO mouse is a valid model of the Fragile X Syndrome and many data on behavioral and sensory-motor characteristics of this model have been gathered. We present here an assessment of autistic features in this candidate model. We conclude that Fmr1 KO mice display several autistic-like features, but more work is needed to validate this model.
C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5106, Lab Neurosci Cognit, F-33405 Talence, France.
RP Bernardet, M (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5106, Lab Neurosci Cognit, Bat B2,Ave Fac, F-33405 Talence, France.
EM m.bernardet@lnc.u-bordeaux1.fr
RI Crusio, Wim/A-7070-2008
OI Crusio, Wim/0000-0001-6638-202X
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NR 115
TC 58
Z9 61
PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD
PI NEWBURY
PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX,
   ENGLAND
SN 1537-744X
J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO
JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 6
BP 1164
EP 1176
DI 10.1100/tsw.2006.220
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 110OZ
UT WOS:000242389500008
PM 16998604
ER

PT J
AU Etscheidt, S
AF Etscheidt, Susan
TI Least restrictive and natural environments for young children with
   disabilities: A legal analysis of issues
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY-CHILDHOOD EDUCATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES;
   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; HEAD-START; CLASSROOMS; INCLUSION;
   AUTISM; PERSPECTIVES
AB Providing appropriate programs for young children with disabilities is a priority of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA), recently reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004. The IDEIA requires that programs be provided in natural or least restrictive environments, and issues concerning this area have been the focus of recent litigation. In this article, the author explores the issues surrounding this litigation and offers recommendations for developing Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs) and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for young children with disabilities. An analysis of administrative and judicial decisions revealed four themes: placement decisions were based on the potential for academic and nonacademic benefits, placement decisions were based on readiness for inclusion, placement decisions were based on instructional approaches, and placement decisions must be based on the considerations of a full continuum of options. Guidelines for promoting inclusive placement decisions include expanding professional development, improving the "readiness" of inclusive placements, and coordinating the exploration of natural and inclusive environments.
C1 Univ No Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.
RP Etscheidt, S (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.
EM etscheidt@uni.edu
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NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 3
BP 167
EP 178
DI 10.1177/02711214060260030401
PG 12
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 110XQ
UT WOS:000242415000004
ER

PT J
AU Ingersoll, B
   Dvortcsak, A
AF Ingersoll, Brooke
   Dvortcsak, Anna
TI Including parent training in the early childhood special education
   curriculum for children with autism spectrum disorders
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; TEACHERS
AB Parent training has been shown to be a very effective method for promoting generalization and maintenance of skills in children with autism. However, despite its well-established benefits, few public school programs include parent training as part of the early childhood special education (ECSE) curriculum. Barriers to the provision of parent training include the need for parent education models that can be easily implemented in ECSE programs and the need for preparation of special educators in parent education strategies. This article describes a parent training model for children with autism developed for use in ECSE programs. The implementation of the program, teacher preparation, and preliminary outcomes and challenges will be discussed.
C1 Lewis & Clark Coll, Hearing & Speech Inst, Portland, OR USA.
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RI Ingersoll, Brooke/A-9117-2012
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NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD FAL
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 3
BP 179
EP 187
DI 10.1177/02711214060260030501
PG 9
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 110XQ
UT WOS:000242415000005
ER

PT J
AU Gotti, C
   Zoli, M
   Clementi, F
AF Gotti, Cecilia
   Zoli, Michele
   Clementi, Francesco
TI Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: native subtypes and their
   relevance
SO TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNAS; ALPHA-CONOTOXIN-MII; CHICK OPTIC LOBE;
   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DOPAMINE RELEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE;
   CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTORS; HETEROMERIC SUBTYPES; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS;
   CEREBRAL-CORTEX
AB Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors comprise a heterogeneous class of cationic channels that is present throughout the nervous system. These channels are involved both in physiological functions (including cognition, reward, motor activity and analgesia) and in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, some forms of epilepsy, depression, autism and schizophrenia. They are also the targets of tobacco-smoking effects and addiction. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are pentamers of homomeric or heteromeric combinations of alpha (alpha 2-alpha 10) and beta (beta 2-beta 4) subunits, which have different pharmacological and biophysical properties and locations in the brain. The lack of subtype-specific ligands and the fact that many neuronal cells express multiple subtypes initially hampered the identification of the different native nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes, but the increasing knowledge of subtype composition and roles will be of considerable interest for the development of new and clinically useful nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands.
C1 Univ Milan, CNR, Inst Neurosci Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, Dept Med Pharmacol, I-20129 Milan, Italy.
   Univ Milan, Ctr Excellence Neurodegenerat Dis, I-20129 Milan, Italy.
   Univ Modena, Dept Biomed Sci, Physiol Sect, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
RP Clementi, F (reprint author), Univ Milan, CNR, Inst Neurosci Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, Dept Med Pharmacol, I-20129 Milan, Italy.
EM francesco.clementi@unimi.it
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NR 88
TC 379
Z9 390
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0165-6147
J9 TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI
JI Trends Pharmacol. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 9
BP 482
EP 491
DI 10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.004
PG 10
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 085NP
UT WOS:000240611100006
PM 16876883
ER

PT J
AU Petropoulos, H
   Friedman, SD
   Shaw, DWW
   Artru, AA
   Dawson, G
   Dager, SR
AF Petropoulos, H.
   Friedman, S. D.
   Shaw, D. W. W.
   Artru, A. A.
   Dawson, G.
   Dager, S. R.
TI Gray matter abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder revealed by T2
   relaxation
SO NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; WHITE-MATTER; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE;
   BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; T-2 RELAXATION;
   MR; VOLUME; AGE
AB Objective: To perform quantitative T2 relaxation measurements to evaluate cerebral water content in children with autism. Methods: Sixty 2- to 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 16 age-matched children with idiopathic developmental delay (DD), and 10 children with typical development (TD) were scanned on a 1.5 T GE MRI scanner to obtain dual-echo fast spin echo images (2.5 mm thick, 0-mm gap). Images were segmented into gray and white matter and used to mask regions of interest for calculating T2 for each tissue type. Analysis of variance, covarying for age and sex, was used to compare T2 between groups, and correlations were used to compare T2 to IQ measures. Results: Children with ASD had prolonged cortical gray matter T2, but white matter T2 was not significantly different, compared with the children with TD. T2 was prolonged in cortical gray matter and white matter in children with DD compared with children with ASD or TD. Significant interactions between T2 measures and IQ were not observed. Conclusions: Prolonged gray and white matter T2 in the children with developmental delay likely represents a delay in neuronal development and maturation. Prolonged T2 in gray matter, but not white matter, observed in children with autism spectrum disorder may signify abnormal developmental processes specific to autism.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Neuroimaging Res Grp, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Dager, SR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Neuroimaging Res Grp, 1100 NE 45 St,Suite 555, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM srd@u.washington.edu
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NR 45
TC 19
Z9 20
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0028-3878
J9 NEUROLOGY
JI Neurology
PD AUG 22
PY 2006
VL 67
IS 4
BP 632
EP 636
DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000229923.08213.1e
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 075XG
UT WOS:000239920100019
PM 16924017
ER

PT J
AU Peterson, E
   Schmidt, GL
   Tregellas, JR
   Winterrowd, E
   Kopelioff, L
   Hepburn, S
   Reite, M
   Rojas, DC
AF Peterson, Eric
   Schmidt, Gwen L.
   Tregellas, Jason R.
   Winterrowd, Erin
   Kopelioff, Lila
   Hepburn, Susan
   Reite, Martin
   Rojas, Donald C.
TI A voxel-based morphometry study of gray matter in parents of children
   with autism
SO NEUROREPORT
LA English
DT Article
DE cerebellum; magnetic resonance imaging; medial frontal gyrus; motor
   cortex
ID BRAIN; ABNORMALITIES; PHENOTYPE; SPECTRUM; DISORDER; MRI
AB Previous structural imaging studies of autistic individuals have identified gray matter abnormalities. It remains unclear, however, which abnormalities contribute to the etiology of autism and, among these abnormalities, which reflect genetic factors. Using voxel-based morphometry, we compared regional gray matter volume in 23 parents of autistic children to an age and sex-matched control sample. We identified relative local gray matter volume increases and decreases in the parent group that are consistent with previous research with autistic individuals. Further, differences were identified in regions that are functionally associated with social-cognitive and motor processes that are impaired in autism. This investigation constitutes the first whole-brain study of regional brain volume in the parents of autistic children, and suggests that a number of structural changes observed in autism may be familial.
C1 Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Dept Psychol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Peterson, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Hlth Sci, Colorado Psychiat Hosp, Rm 2HI2,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
EM eric.peterson@uchsc.edu
RI Rojas, Don/F-4296-2012
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NR 25
TC 15
Z9 16
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-4965
J9 NEUROREPORT
JI Neuroreport
PD AUG 21
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 12
BP 1289
EP 1292
DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000233087.15710.87
PG 4
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 080VW
UT WOS:000240277600012
PM 16951571
ER

PT J
AU Glaaser, IW
   Bankston, JR
   Liu, HJ
   Tateyama, M
   Kass, RS
AF Glaaser, Ian W.
   Bankston, John R.
   Liu, Huajun
   Tateyama, Michihiro
   Kass, Robert S.
TI A carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic interface is critical to sodium channel
   function - Relevance to inherited disorders
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID NA+ CHANNEL; TRYPTOPHANYL RESIDUES; LQT-3 MUTATION; ALPHA-SUBUNIT;
   CARDIAC NA+; EF-HAND; LONG-QT; DOMAIN; INACTIVATION; CALMODULIN
AB Perturbation of sodium channel inactivation, a finely tuned process that critically regulates the flow of sodium ions into excitable cells, is a common functional consequence of inherited mutations associated with epilepsy, skeletal muscle disease, autism, and cardiac arrhythmias. Understanding the structural basis of inactivation is key to understanding these disorders. Here we identify a novel role for a structural motif in the COOH terminus of the heart Na(V)1.5 sodium channel in determining channel inactivation. Structural modeling predicts an interhelical hydrophobic interface between paired EF hands in the proximal region of the Na(V)1.5COOH terminus. The predicted interface is conserved among almost all EF hand-containing proteins and is the locus of a number of disease-associated mutations. Using the structural model as a guide, we provide biochemical and biophysical evidence that the structural integrity of this interface is necessary for proper Na+ channel inactivation gating. We thus demonstrate a novel role of the sodium channel COOH terminus structure in the control of channel inactivation and in pathologies caused by inherited mutations that disrupt it.
C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10032 USA.
RP Kass, RS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10032 USA.
EM rsk20@columbia.edu
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NR 39
TC 23
Z9 25
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD AUG 18
PY 2006
VL 281
IS 33
BP 24015
EP 24023
DI 10.1074/jbc.M605473200
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 072WE
UT WOS:000239702900075
PM 16798729
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI One in eight fathers of children with autism is an engineer
SO PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD
PI WESTMINISTER
PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND
SN 0953-6639
J9 PROF ENG
JI Prof. Eng.
PD AUG 16
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 15
BP 4
EP 4
PG 1
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 075EY
UT WOS:000239867700002
ER

PT J
AU Lathe, R
AF Lathe, Richard
TI Author's reply to review of his book on autism
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Pieta Res, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Lathe, R (reprint author), Pieta Res, POB 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM rlathe@pieta-research.org
CR Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2006, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V55, P204
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   Moore SJ, 2000, J MED GENET, V37, P489, DOI 10.1136/jmg.37.7.489
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8146
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD AUG 12
PY 2006
VL 333
IS 7563
BP 352
EP 352
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 073VI
UT WOS:000239770300024
ER

PT J
AU Kok, A
   Ridderinkhof, KR
   Ullsperger, M
AF Kok, Albert
   Ridderinkhof, K. Richard
   Ullsperger, Markus
TI The control of attention and actions: Current research and future
   developments
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE cognitive control; synopsis current issue; methods; new perspectives
ID ERROR-RELATED NEGATIVITY; SOCIAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE;
   RESONANCE-IMAGING SIGNAL; NEURAL BASIS; FMRI SIGNAL; PERFORMANCE;
   DYNAMICS; AUTISM; CORTEX; BRAIN
AB In this introductory article of the special issue of Brain Research, we first present an overview of some general questions relating to cognitive control. For instance, one of the questions that remain to be answered is what control mechanisms and their neural underpinnings really 'do', beyond what is done by more basic 'computational' or data processing systems in the brain. We then briefly describe the four major issues addressed in the separate articles of this issue, namely attentional orienting, task set switching, performance and error monitoring, and response inhibition. In conclusion, we focus on some new methodological directions and illustrate how the study of cognitive control may be augmented by relatively newly emerging theoretical and empirical perspectives. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Leiden Univ, Dept Psychol, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands.
   Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
RP Kok, A (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Roetersstr 15, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM a.kok@uva.nl
RI Ullsperger, Markus/E-2797-2010
OI Ullsperger, Markus/0000-0003-3970-1982
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NR 48
TC 16
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD AUG 11
PY 2006
VL 1105
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.027
PG 6
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 082XV
UT WOS:000240421400001
PM 16631144
ER

PT J
AU Happe, F
AF Happe, Francesca
TI Understanding autism: From basic neuroscience to treatment
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
CR Moldin S. O., 2006, UNDERSTANDING AUTISM
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD AUG 10
PY 2006
VL 442
IS 7103
BP 632
EP 633
DI 10.1038/442632b
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 071UU
UT WOS:000239630200026
ER

PT J
AU Happe, F
AF Happe, Francesca
TI Autism, brain, and environment
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
CR Lathe R, 2006, AUTISM BRAIN ENV
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD AUG 10
PY 2006
VL 442
IS 7103
BP 632
EP 633
DI 10.1038/442632b
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 071UU
UT WOS:000239630200025
ER

PT J
AU Mizuno, A
   Villalobos, ME
   Davies, MM
   Dahl, BC
   Muller, RA
AF Mizuno, Akiko
   Villalobos, Michele E.
   Davies, Molly M.
   Dahl, Branelle C.
   Mueller, Ralph-Axel
TI Partially enhanced thalamocortical functional connectivity in autism
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; functional connectivity; thalamus; functional MRI
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPECTRUM
   DISORDER; TEMPORAL-LOBE; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; HUMAN BRAIN;
   EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; HOME
   VIDEOTAPES
AB Based on evidence for thalamic abnormalities in autism, impairments of thalamocortical pathways have been suspected. We examined the functional connectivity between thalamus and cerebral cortex in terms of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal cross-correlation in 8 male participants with high-functioning autism and matched normal controls, using functional MRI during simple visuomotor coordination. Both groups exhibited widespread connectivity, consistent with known extensive thalamocortical connectivity. In a direct group comparison, overall more extensive connectivity was observed in the autism group, especially in the left insula and in right postcentral and middle frontal regions. Our findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis of general underconnectivity in autism and instead suggest that subcortico-cortical connectivity may be hyperfunctional, potentially compensating for reduced cortico-cortical connectivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92120 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Muller, RA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, 6363 Alvarado Ct,225 E, San Diego, CA 92120 USA.
EM amueller@sciences.sdsu.edu
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NR 104
TC 83
Z9 85
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD AUG 9
PY 2006
VL 1104
BP 160
EP 174
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.064
PG 15
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 082XR
UT WOS:000240421000016
PM 16828063
ER

PT J
AU Splawski, I
   Yoo, DS
   Stotz, SC
   Cherry, A
   Clapham, DE
   Keating, MT
AF Splawski, Igor
   Yoo, Dana S.
   Stotz, Stephanie C.
   Cherry, Allison
   Clapham, David E.
   Keating, Mark T.
TI CACNA1H mutations in autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY;
   CALCIUM-CHANNELS
AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction, communication skills, and restricted and repetitive behavior. The genetic causes for autism are largely unknown. Previous studies implicate CACNA1C (L-type Ca(V)1.2) calcium channel mutations in a disorder associated with autism (Timothy syndrome). Here, we identify missense mutations in the calcium channel gene CACNA1H (T-type Ca(V)3.2) in 6 of 461 individuals with ASD. These mutations are located in conserved and functionally relevant domains and are absent in 480 ethnically matched controls (p = 0.014, Fisher's exact test). Non-segregation within the pedigrees between the mutations and the ASD phenotype clearly suggest that the mutations alone are not responsible for the condition. However, functional analysis shows that all these mutations significantly reduce CaV3.2 channel activity and thus could affect neuronal function and potentially brain development. We conclude that the identified mutations could contribute to the development of the ASD phenotype.
C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Stotz, SC (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Enders 1314,320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM scstotz@enders.tch.harvard.edu
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NR 26
TC 77
Z9 84
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD AUG 4
PY 2006
VL 281
IS 31
BP 22085
EP 22091
DI 10.1074/jbc.M603316200
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 068PO
UT WOS:000239387100055
PM 16754686
ER

PT J
AU Silk, TJ
   Rinehart, N
   Bradshaw, JL
   Tonge, B
   Egan, G
   O'Boyle, MW
   Cunnington, R
AF Silk, Timothy J.
   Rinehart, Nicole
   Bradshaw, John L.
   Tonge, Bruce
   Egan, Gary
   O'Boyle, Michael W.
   Cunnington, Ross
TI Visuospatial processing and the function of prefrontal-parietal networks
   in autism spectrum disorders: a functional MRI study
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
AB Objective: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders typically have normal visuospatial abilities but impaired executive functioning, particularly in abilities related to working memory and attention. The aim of this study was to elucidate the functioning of frontoparietal networks underlying spatial working memory processes during mental rotation in persons with autism spectrum disorders.
   Method: Seven adolescent males with normal IQ with an autism spectrum disorder and nine age- and IQ-matched male comparison subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while performing a mental rotation task.
   Results: The autism spectrum disorders group showed less activation in lateral and medial premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and caudate nucleus.
   Conclusions: The finding of less activation in prefrontal regions but not in parietal regions supports a model of dysfunction of frontostriatal networks in autism spectrum disorders.
C1 Univ Melbourne, Howard Florey Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RP Cunnington, R (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Howard Florey Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM r.cunnington@hfi.unimelb.edu.au
RI Cunnington, Ross/C-8432-2009; Egan, Gary/A-1381-2013
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NR 12
TC 66
Z9 66
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 8
BP 1440
EP U3
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.8.1440
PG 4
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 068FT
UT WOS:000239358800026
PM 16877661
ER

PT J
AU Yao, YM
   Walsh, WJ
   McGinnis, WR
   Pratico, D
AF Yao, Yuemang
   Walsh, William J.
   McGinnis, Woody R.
   Pratico, Domenico
TI Altered vascular phenotype in autism: Correlation with oxidative stress
SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CHILDREN; ENZYMES; MODELS
AB Background: Autism is a neurologic disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction. Results of previous studies showed biochemical evidence for abnormal platelet reactivity and altered blood flow in children with autism.
   Objective: To evaluate the vascular phenotype in children with autism.
   Design and Main outcome Measures: Urinary levels of isoprostane F-2 alpha-VI, a marker of lipid peroxidation; 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B-2, which reflects platelet activation; and 6-keto-prostaglandin F-1 alpha, a marker of endothelium activation, were measured by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in subjects with autism and healthy control subjects.
   Setting and Subjects: Children with a clinical diagnosis of autism attending the Pfeiffer Treatment Center.
   Results: Compared with controls, children with autism had significantly higher urinary levels of isoprostane F-2 alpha-VI, 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, and 6-ketoprostaglandin F-1 alpha. Lipid peroxidation levels directly correlated with both vascular biomarker ratios.
   Conclusion: Besides enhanced oxidative stress, platelet and vascular endothelium activation also could contribute to the development and clinical manifestations of autism.
C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Pfeiffer Treatment Ctr, Warrenville, IL USA.
RP Pratico, D (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 3620 Hamilton Walk,John Morgan Bldg,Room 124, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM domenico@spirit.gcrc.upenn.edu
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NR 22
TC 53
Z9 54
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 0003-9942
J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO
JI Arch. Neurol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 8
BP 1161
EP 1164
DI 10.1001/archneur.63.8.1161
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 072ER
UT WOS:000239656400018
PM 16908745
ER

PT J
AU Gurney, JG
   McPheeters, ML
   Davis, MM
AF Gurney, James G.
   McPheeters, Melissa L.
   Davis, Matthew M.
TI Parental report of health conditions and health care use among children
   with and without autism - National Survey of Children's Health
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS;
   MEDICAL CONDITIONS; PREVALENCE TRENDS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ABNORMALITIES;
   EPILEPSY; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS
AB Objective: To compare parent-reported prevalence of health conditions and health care use between children with and without autism.
   Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2003 to 2004 National Survey of Children's Health.
   Setting: Population-based sample across the United States.
   Participants: More than 100 000 parents. The main exposure was "autism" (not further defined), from response to the question: "Has a doctor or health professional ever told you that your child has autism?"
   Main Outcome Measures: Medical and mental health conditions and measures of health care use.
   Results: Autism prevalence among children aged 3 to 17 years was 53 per 10 000 (95% confidence interval, 45-61 per 10 000), equating to a national estimate of 324 000 children (95% confidence interval, 274 000-375 000 children). Children with autism had a significantly (P <.001) higher prevalence of depression or anxiety problems (38.9% vs 4.2%) and behavioral or conduct problems (58.9% vs 5.2%) than children without autism. Respiratory, food, and skin allergies were reported by parents more often for children with autism, with food allergies having the strongest relative difference between the groups (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-7.0). Children with autism had significantly (P <.001) higher mean physician visits over 12 months for preventive care, nonemergency care, and hospital emergency care, and were far more likely than children without autism to receive physical, occupational, or speech therapy (76.0% vs 6.3%), to need treatment or counseling for an emotional, developmental, or behavioral problem (75.4% vs 7.0%), and, among those taking a prescribed medication, to be using a medication long-term (51.4% vs 14.5%).
   Conclusion: We found markedly higher reports of concurrent conditions and health care use associated with childhood autism in this study.
C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Gurney, JG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 N Ingalls St,Room 6E02, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM jamegurn@umich.edu
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NR 35
TC 91
Z9 91
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 160
IS 8
BP 825
EP 830
DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.8.825
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 071BX
UT WOS:000239573400010
PM 16894082
ER

PT J
AU Gernsbacher, MA
   Dawson, M
   Mottron, L
AF Gernsbacher, Morton Ann
   Dawson, Michelle
   Mottron, Laurent
TI Autism: Common, heritable, but not harmful
SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CHILDREN
AB We assert that one of the examples used by Keller & Miller (K&M), namely, autism, is indeed common, and heritable, but we question whether it is harmful. We provide a brief review of cognitive science literature in which autistics perform superiorly to non-autistics in perceptual, reasoning, and comprehension tasks; however, these superiorities are often occluded and are instead described as dysfunctions.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Univ Montreal, Pervas Dev Disorders Specialized Clin, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada.
RP Gernsbacher, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM MAGernsb@wisc.edu; naamichelle@yahoo.ca; mottronl@istar.ca
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NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0140-525X
J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI
JI Behav. Brain Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 4
BP 413
EP +
PG 13
WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences
SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 114RJ
UT WOS:000242683000034
ER

PT J
AU Vidal, CN
   Nicolson, R
   DeVito, TJ
   Hayashi, KM
   Geaga, JA
   Drost, DJ
   Williamson, PC
   Rajakumar, N
   Sui, YH
   Dutton, RA
   Toga, AW
   Thompson, PM
AF Vidal, Christine N.
   Nicolson, Rob
   DeVito, Timothy J.
   Hayashi, Kiralee M.
   Geaga, Jennifer A.
   Drost, Dick J.
   Williamson, Peter C.
   Rajakumar, Nagalingam
   Sui, Yihong
   Dutton, Rebecca A.
   Toga, Arthur W.
   Thompson, Paul M.
TI Mapping corpus callosum deficits in autism: An index of aberrant
   cortical connectivity
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Annual Meeting of the
   International-Society-for-Magnetic-Resonance-in-Medicine
CY JUL 10-16, 2003
CL TORONTO, CANADA
SP Int Soc Magnet Resonance Med
DE autism; corpus callosum; imaging; MRI; three-dimensional (3D) maps;
   white matter
ID RHESUS-MONKEY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN STRUCTURE;
   SIZE; INDIVIDUALS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ABNORMALITIES; MORPHOMETRY; TOPOGRAPHY
AB Background: Volumetric studies have reported reductions in the size of the corpus callosum (CC) in autism, but the callosal regions contributing to this deficit have differed among studies. In this study, a computational method was used to detect and map the spatial pattern of CC abnormalities in mate patients with autism.
   Methods. Twenty-four boys with autism (aged 10.0 +/- 3.3 years) and 26 control boys (aged 11.0 +/- 2.5 years) underwent a magnetic resonance imaging WRO scan at 3 Tesla. Total and regional areas of the CC were determined using traditional morphometric methods. Three-dimensional (3D) surface models of the CC were also created from the MRI scans. Statistical maps were created to visualize morphologic variability of the CC and to localize regions of callosal thinning in autism.
   Results. Traditional morphometric methods detected a significant reduction in the total callosal area and in the anterior third of the CC inpatients with autism; however, 3D maps revealed significant reductions in both the splenium and genu of the CC inpatients.
   Conclusions: Statistical maps of the CC revealed callosal deficits in autism with greater precision than traditional morphometric methods. These abnormalities suggest aberrant connections between cortical regions, which is consistent with the hypothesis of abnormal cortical connectivity in autism.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Lab Neuro Imaging, Dept Neurol,Brain Mapping Div, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, London, ON, Canada.
   Univ Western Ontario, Dept Med Biophys, London, ON, Canada.
RP Thompson, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Lab Neuro Imaging, Dept Neurol,Brain Mapping Div, 635 Charles E Young Dr S,Suite 225E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM thompson@loni.ucia.edu
RI Nicolson, Robert/E-4797-2011; Williamson, Peter/F-7462-2010
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NR 44
TC 117
Z9 121
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD AUG 1
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 3
BP 218
EP 225
DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.011
PG 8
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 070SI
UT WOS:000239543800002
PM 16460701
ER

PT J
AU Auer, RN
AF Auer, Roland N.
TI Re: Can J. Neurol. Sci. 2006; 33 : 1-2 lost fundamentals in
   neurosciences - A call for discussion
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Letter
ID AUTISM
RI Auer, Roland/G-7164-2011
OI Auer, Roland/0000-0001-9044-3419
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NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CANADIAN J NEUROL SCI INC
PI CALGARY
PA PO BOX 4220, STATION C EDITORIAL & SUBSCRIPTION SERV, CALGARY, AB T2T
   5N1, CANADA
SN 0317-1671
J9 CAN J NEUROL SCI
JI Can. J. Neurol. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 33
IS 3
BP 333
EP 333
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073PI
UT WOS:000239754700014
PM 17001827
ER

PT J
AU Bradley, EA
   Isaacs, BJ
AF Bradley, Elspeth A.
   Isaacs, Barry J.
TI Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in teenagers with
   intellectual disabilities, with and without autism
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE
LA English
DT Article
DE attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism; intellectual
   disabilities
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; DISORDER; RETARDATION;
   ADULTS; PREVALENCE; ONTARIO
AB Objective: To explore inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviours in teenagers with intellectual disabilities (ID), with and without autism.
   Method: We identified teenagers with ID, with and without autism, in a single geographic area. Those with autism were matched for age, sex, and nonverbal IQ to those with ID only. We compared inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive (IHI) behaviours in the 2 groups, along with adaptive functioning and medical circumstances. We further subdivided the autism group into those with IHI behaviours (autism IHI) and those without (autism non-IHI) and explored similarities and differences between autism subgroups.
   Results: As a group, those with autism and ID had more IHI behaviours than those with ID alone. More in the autism group met criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic syndrome. Lifetime exposure to psychotropic medication was greater in the autism group, with stimulant and antipsychotic medications predominating. However, just under one-half of those in the autism group showed no IHI behaviours. Comparison of autism IHI and autism non-IHI groups showed that those with IHI behaviours were significantly more likely to have past (but not current) exposure to stimulant medication.
   Conclusions: One in 2 teenagers with ID and coexisting autism displayed clinically significant inattentive, hyperactive, and (or) impulsive behaviours, compared with I in 7 of those with ID alone. Most of the remaining teenagers with autism displayed no IHI behaviours. Our results support the need for further investigation into the prevalence and etiology of these IHI behaviours in individuals with autism.
C1 Surrey Pl Ctr, Toronto, ON M5S 2C2, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Bradley, EA (reprint author), Surrey Pl Ctr, 2 Surrey Pl, Toronto, ON M5S 2C2, Canada.
EM e.bradley@utoronto.ca
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NR 24
TC 22
Z9 22
PU CANADIAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOC
PI OTTAWA
PA 141 LAURIER AVENUE WEST, STE 701, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA
SN 0706-7437
J9 CAN J PSYCHIAT
JI Can. J. Psychiat.-Rev. Can. Psychiat.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 51
IS 9
BP 598
EP 606
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 086LM
UT WOS:000240674800012
PM 17007227
ER

PT J
AU Lise, MF
   El-Husseini, A
AF Lise, M-F.
   El-Husseini, A.
TI The neuroligin and neurexin families: from structure to function at the
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SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE synapse formation; cell adhesion molecule; neuroligin; neurexin;
   scaffolding protein
ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AUTISM-SPECTRUM
   DISORDERS; PRESYNAPTIC ACTIVE ZONES; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM;
   POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; EXCITATORY SYNAPSES; ALPHA-NEUREXINS;
   GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSES; BETA-NEUREXINS
AB Proper brain connectivity and neuronal transmission rely on the accurate assembly of neurotransmitter receptors, cell adhesion molecules and several other scaffolding and signaling proteins at synapses. Several new exciting findings point to an important role for the neuroligin family of adhesion molecules in synapse development and function. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the structure of neuroligins and neurexins, their potential binding partners at the synapse. We also discuss their potential involvement in several aspects of synapse development, including induction, specificity and stabilization. The implication of neuroligins in cognitive disorders such as autism and mental retardation is also discussed.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
   Univ British Columbia, Brain Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
RP El-Husseini, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
EM alaa@interchange.ubc.ca
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NR 166
TC 90
Z9 93
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1420-682X
J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI
JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 16
BP 1833
EP 1849
DI 10.1007/s00018-006-6061-3
PG 17
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 075ZZ
UT WOS:000239928100004
PM 16794786
ER

PT J
AU Akshoomoff, N
AF Akshoomoff, Natacha
TI Autism spectrum disorders: Introduction
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Akshoomoff, N (reprint author), Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, 3020 Childrens Way MC 5033, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
EM natacha@ucsd.edu
CR Wing L, 1996, BRIT MED J, V312, P327
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 245
EP 246
DI 10.1080/09297040600788128
PG 2
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000001
ER

PT J
AU Bishop, SL
   Richler, J
   Lord, C
AF Bishop, Somer L.
   Richler, Jennifer
   Lord, Catherine
TI Association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and nonverbal IQ
   in children with autism spectrum disorders
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; restricted and repetitive behaviors;
   nonverbal IQ
ID DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY SCALES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP;
   LEARNING-DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CLINICAL-FEATURES; ADULTS;
   AGE
AB The present study explored the relationship between nonverbal IQ and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in 830 children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The role of chronological age as a moderator of this relationship was also investigated. For many behaviors, there was a significant interaction between nonverbal IQ and chronological age, such that nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) was more strongly related to the prevalence of RRBs in older children. For the majority of such behaviors (e.g. repetitive use of objects, hand and finger mannerisms), RRB prevalence was negatively associated with NVIQ. However, the prevalence of certain behaviors (e.g. circumscribed interests) showed positive relationships with NVIQ, which provides some support for the idea of different classes of RRBs. For the severity of different RRBs, there were several significant effects for age and NVIQ, but few interactions.
C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, UMACC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Bishop, SL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, UMACC, 1111 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM bishops@umich.edu
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NR 46
TC 79
Z9 79
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 247
EP 267
DI 10.1080/09297040600630288
PG 21
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000002
PM 16911971
ER

PT J
AU Akshoomoff, N
AF Akshoomoff, Natacha
TI Use of the mullen scales of early learning for the assessment of young
   children with autism spectrum disorders
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HOME VIDEOTAPES; AGE;
   RECOGNITION; CAREGIVERS; DIAGNOSIS; 1ST
AB The psychological assessment is an important component of the diagnostic evaluation in young children suspected of having an Autism Spectrum Disorder but can be hampered by behavioral difficulties. Overt behaviors during administration of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning were coded in 22 preschoolers with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and 20 age-matched typically developing children. Children in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group required less time to complete the assessment but spent proportionally more time exhibiting off-task behaviors and less time engaged with the assessment. Scores obtained on the Mullen Scales were positively correlated with level of engagement and negatively correlated with off task behaviors.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Akshoomoff, N (reprint author), Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, 3020 Childrens Way MC 5033, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
EM natacha@ucsd.edu
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NR 29
TC 29
Z9 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 269
EP 277
DI 10.1080/09297040500473714
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000003
PM 16911972
ER

PT J
AU Williams, DL
   Goldstein, G
   Minshew, NJ
AF Williams, Diane L.
   Goldstein, Gerald
   Minshew, Nancy J.
TI Neuropsychologic functioning in children with autism: Further evidence
   for disordered complex information-processing
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
   IMPAIRED MEMORY FUNCTIONS; NEOCORTICAL SYSTEMS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS;
   SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS;
   PERFORMANCE
AB A wide range of abilities was assessed in 56 high-functioning children with autism and 56 age- and IQ-matched controls. Stepwise discriminant analyses produced good group discrimination for sensory-perceptual, motor, complex language, and complex memory domains but lower agreement for the reasoning domain than previously obtained for adults. Group discrimination did not occur for attention, simple language, simple memory, and visuospatial domains. Findings provide additional support for a complex information-processing model for autism, previously based on adult data, demonstrating a pattern across domains of selective impairments on measures with high demands for integration of information and sparing when demands were low. Children as compared to adults with autism exhibited more prominent sensory-perceptual symptoms and less pronounced reasoning deficits reflecting brain maturation.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
   VA PIttsburgh Healthcare Syst, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Minshew, NJ (reprint author), Webster Hall,Suite 300,3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM minshewnj@upmc.edu
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NR 97
TC 69
Z9 70
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 279
EP 298
DI 10.1080/09297040600681190
PG 20
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000004
PM 16911973
ER

PT J
AU Hooper, SR
   Poon, KK
   Marcus, L
   Fine, C
AF Hooper, Stephen R.
   Poon, Kenneth K.
   Marcus, Lee
   Fine, Camille
TI Neuropsychological characteristics of school-age children with
   high-functioning autism: Performance on the NEPSY
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DISORDERS; LANGUAGE; MEMORY
AB Utilizing standardization and validation data from the NEPSY, this study presents a reanalysis of the High-Functioning Autism (HFA) versus Typical samples using IQ as a covariate. The reanalysis in the present paper should prove important to clinicians and researchers by (1) determining if the original findings can be replicated for the HFA sample when controlling for IQ, and (2) providing neuropsychological description for children with HFA versus Typical children across the NEPSY variables. The sample included 23 children with HFA who ranged in age from 5 years 5 months to 12 years 11 months (Mean = 9.59 years). The HFA Group comprised 19 males, 22 Caucasians, and was 87% right handed. All of the parents had between 12 to 15 years of education. A Typical Group was selected from the standardization sample of the NEPSY and matched on the variables of chronological age, race, gender, parental education, and region of the country. A MANCOVA revealed significant group differences on 8 of the 14 core subtests of the NEPSY, with the HFA Group performing lower than the Typical Group. While these findings significantly overlapped with those from the original validation study, significant group differences also were uncovered for the subtests of Phonological Processing, Auditory Attention and Response Set, and Speeded Naming; Comprehension of Instructions and Narrative Memory were no longer significant after controlling for IQ. When the groups were compared with respect to the number of cases falling below the 10(th) percentile, the HFA Group showed a higher rate of occurrence on each subtest, but only significantly so on the Arrows Subtest. These findings provide additional support for the phenotypic neurocognitive presentation of individuals with HFA, and they suggest that the NEPSY can contribute to the neuropsychological description of children with HFA.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Dev & Learning, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Clin Ctr Study Dev & Learning, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div TEACCH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   NeuroDev Solut, Parrish, FL USA.
RP Hooper, SR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Ctr Dev & Learning, Dept Psychiat, CB 7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM stephen.hooper@cdl.unc.edu
RI Poon, Kenneth /K-5799-2012
OI Poon, Kenneth /0000-0002-8809-902X
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NR 19
TC 12
Z9 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 299
EP 305
DI 10.1080/09297040600737984
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000005
PM 16911974
ER

PT J
AU Colgan, SE
   Lanter, E
   McComish, C
   Watson, LR
   Crais, ER
   Baranek, GT
AF Colgan, Siobhan E.
   Lanter, Elizabeth
   McComish, Cara
   Watson, Linda R.
   Crais, Elizabeth R.
   Baranek, Grace T.
TI Analysis of social interaction gestures in infants with autism
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RETROSPECTIVE VIDEO ANALYSIS; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
   SPECTRUM DISORDER; EARLY RECOGNITION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   DELAY; LIFE; 1ST
AB This study analyzes the emergent use of gestures used among 9-12-month-old infants with autism and typical development using retrospective video analysis. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the frequency, initiation, prompting, and diversity of types of gestures used for social interaction purposes. It was hypothesized that a restricted variety in type(s) of gestures as well as fewer child-initiated gestures and more prompted gestures would be associated with later diagnosis of autism. Logistic regression analysis found that decreased variety in type of gestures used was significantly associated with autism status. Neither number of total gestures nor initiation of gestures (child-initiated vs. prompted) was significantly associated with autism status.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Colgan, SE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Educ, CB 3500,Peabody Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM siobhan_colgan@unc.edu
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NR 33
TC 37
Z9 38
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 307
EP 319
DI 10.1080/09297040600701360
PG 13
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000006
PM 16911975
ER

PT J
AU Pearson, DA
   Loveland, KA
   Lachar, D
   Lane, DM
   Reddoch, SL
   Mansour, R
   Cleveland, LA
AF Pearson, Deborah A.
   Loveland, Katherine A.
   Lachar, David
   Lane, David M.
   Reddoch, Stacy L.
   Mansour, Rosleen
   Cleveland, Lynne A.
TI A comparison of behavioral and emotional functioning in children and
   adolescents with autistic disorder and PDD-NOS
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Meeting for Autism Research
CY MAY 06-07, 2005
CL Boston, MA
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERSONALITY-INVENTORY;
   PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SYMPTOMS;
   DEPRESSION; PATTERNS
AB Behavioral symptomatology was compared in 26 children and adolescents with Autistic Disorder ("autism") and 25 children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified ("PDD-NOS"). Relative to individuals with PDD-NOS, those with autism had more symptoms of depression, social withdrawal, atypical behavior, and immature social skills-and fewer family problems. These differences remained even when group differences in intellectual ability were statistically controlled. No group differences emerged in somatization, anxiety, or hyperactivity. Findings suggest that although both groups demonstrate considerable evidence of behavioral and emotional problems, those with autism are at particularly high risk for comorbid behavioral and emotional disabilities.
C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA.
RP Pearson, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 1300 Moursund, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM Deborah.A.Pearson@uth.tmc.edu
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NR 61
TC 30
Z9 30
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 321
EP 333
DI 10.1080/092970406006464847
PG 13
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000007
PM 16911976
ER

PT J
AU Corbett, BA
   Constantine, LJ
AF Corbett, Blythe A.
   Constantine, Laura J.
TI Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Assessing attention
   and response control with the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous
   Performance Test
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ABNORMAL-PSYCHICAL-CONDITIONS;
   DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS;
   GOULSTONIAN-LECTURES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; ADHD; COMORBIDITY;
   PDD
AB Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been widely reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study investigated attention and response control in children with ASD, ADHD, and typical development using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Results indicate that many children with ASD show significant deficits in visual and auditory attention and greater deficits in impulsivity than children with ADHD or typical development. These findings suggest that many of the children with ASD demonstrate significant ADHD-like deficits. These findings are discussed in the context of symptoms, subtypes, and comorbidity.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
RP Corbett, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
EM blythe.corbett@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
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NR 53
TC 47
Z9 51
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 335
EP 348
DI 10.1080/09297040500350938
PG 14
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000008
PM 16911977
ER

PT J
AU Raymaekers, R
   van der Meere, J
   Roeyers, H
AF Raymaekers, Ruth
   van der Meere, Jaap
   Roeyers, Herbert
TI Response inhibition and immediate arousal in children with
   high-functioning autism
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HFA; response inhibition; arousal regulation
ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; STIMULUS-INTENSITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
   TOURETTE-SYNDROME; DISORDERS; ADULTS; PERFORMANCE; TIME; INDIVIDUALS;
   DYSFUNCTION
AB The current study compared high-functioning children with autism (HFA) and a peer control group on an immediate arousal task measuring response inhibition. In one condition go stimuli were presented whereas in another condition a tone preceded the go stimulus. The tone caused an immediate arousal effect, which resulted in a reaction time decrease and an error rate increase. It was expected that children with HFA would produce a higher error rate in comparison with normal peers, since they might be less able to suppress immediate arousal. However, the HFA group outperformed the control group, indicating neither arousal regulation deficit nor response inhibition deficit.
C1 Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
   Univ Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands.
RP Raymaekers, R (reprint author), Res Grp Dev Disorders, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM Ruth.Raymaekers@UGent.be
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NR 54
TC 6
Z9 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 349
EP 359
DI 10.1080/09297040600760457
PG 11
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000009
PM 16911978
ER

PT J
AU Renner, P
   Klinger, LG
   Klinger, MR
AF Renner, Peggy
   Klinger, Laura Grofer
   Klinger, Mark R.
TI Exogenous and endogenous attention orienting in Autism Spectrum
   Disorders
SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; SPATIAL ATTENTION; EARLY
   RECOGNITION; JOINT ATTENTION; PERIPHERAL CUES; TIME-COURSE; CHILDREN;
   DEFICITS; ABNORMALITY
AB Fifteen children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 15 children with typical development completed an attentional cuing task using peripheral cues (exogenous orienting) and central cues (endogenous orienting). Results showed that participants with ASD had impaired exogenous and intact endogenous orienting. The pattern of exogenous orienting was related to motor functioning. Individuals with ASD who had poor motor functioning displayed slowed exogenous orienting. However, individuals with ASD who had relatively good motor functioning showed typical levels of exogenous orienting when given a short time but decreased orienting when given a longer amount of time. These results suggest attention impairments in ASD may not be specific to social orienting and instead may represent a more general orienting impairment.
C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
RP Klinger, LG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM lklinger@bama.ua.edu
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NR 55
TC 22
Z9 23
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0929-7049
J9 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL
JI Child Neuropsychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4-5
BP 361
EP 382
DI 10.1080/09297040600770753
PG 22
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 073UL
UT WOS:000239768000010
PM 16911979
ER

PT J
AU Connolly, MB
   Hendson, G
   Steinbok, P
AF Connolly, Mary B.
   Hendson, Glenda
   Steinbok, Paul
TI Tuberous sclerosis complex: a review of the management of epilepsy with
   emphasis on surgical aspects
SO CHILDS NERVOUS SYSTEM
LA English
DT Review
DE epilepsy surgery; tuberous sclerosis; pathology; treatment; genetics
ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; LONG-TERM-FOLLOW; GIANT-CELL ASTROCYTOMA;
   INFANTILE SPASMS; CORTICAL TUBERS; WEST-SYNDROME; HUMAN TISSUES; TSC1
   GENE; HAMARTIN; CHILDREN
AB Objective To review the management of epilepsy in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with an emphasis on surgical aspects, neuropathology, and pathogenesis.
   Methods Review of the literature and presentation of the authors' experience of surgery for refractory epilepsy in patients with TSC.
   Results TSC is a multisystem genetic disorder with variable phenotypic expression. TSC results from a mutation in the TSC1 gene on chromosome 9, which codes for hamartin, or in the TSC2 gene on chromosome 16 which codes for tuberin. The majority of the patients have TSC as a result of spontaneous genetic mutations while in one-third of the patients, the disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Epilepsy is the most common neurological complication, and up to 80-90% of individuals with TSC develop epilepsy at some point in their lifetime. The onset of epilepsy is typically in early childhood. Infantile spasms are a very common early seizure type although partial seizures may occur. Developmental delay, intellectual impairment, autism, behavioral problems, and neuropsychiatric disorders occur commonly in individuals with TSC and may be associated with poorly controlled epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs are the first-line management for epilepsy but the ketogenic diet, resection of one or more tubers, corpus callosotomy, and vagus nerve stimulation are other therapeutic options for individuals with poorly controlled epilepsy.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
   British Columbia Childrens Hosp, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
   BC Childrens Hosp, Div Anat Pathol, Dept Pathol, Vancouver, BC V6H 2V4, Canada.
   BC Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Neurosurg, Vancouver, BC V6H 2V4, Canada.
RP Connolly, MB (reprint author), BC Childrens Hosp, Div Neurol, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 2V4, Canada.
EM mconnolly@cw.bc.ca
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NR 72
TC 25
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0256-7040
J9 CHILD NERV SYST
JI Childs Nerv. Syst.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 22
IS 8
BP 896
EP 908
DI 10.1007/s00381-006-0130-7
PG 13
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery
GA 065OZ
UT WOS:000239170500016
PM 16770618
ER

PT J
AU Briegel, W
AF Briegel, W.
TI Neuropsychiatric findings of Mobius sequence - a review
SO CLINICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; behaviour; developmental delay; mental retardation; Mobius
   sequence
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SUPPLY DISRUPTION SEQUENCE; FACIAL
   DIPLEGIA SYNDROME; MOEBIUS-SYNDROME; BRAIN-STEM; CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS;
   VASCULAR ETIOLOGY; DUTCH FAMILY; AUTISM; CHILDREN
AB Mobius sequence is a rare condition of heterogeneous, and in most cases, unclear; origin, usually defined as a unilateral or bilateral congenital facial weakness with impairment of ocular abduction, which is frequently associated with limb anomalies. Disturbances in psychomotor and speech development are very common, and mental retardation is estimated to occur in 10-15% of cases. The incidence of autistic spectrum disorders might be increased in patients with Mobius sequence. After a brief overview on aetiology and physical appearance, current knowledge of cognitive capacities and academic achievement; psychomotor development; development of speech, language and communication; behaviour problems; psychiatric comorbidity and possible therapeutic interventions are reviewed.
C1 Leopoldina Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-97422 Schweinfurt, Germany.
   Bezirkskrankenhaus Passau, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Passau, Germany.
RP Briegel, W (reprint author), Leopoldina Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Gustav Adolf Str 4, D-97422 Schweinfurt, Germany.
EM wbriegel@leopoldina.de
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NR 70
TC 37
Z9 40
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0009-9163
J9 CLIN GENET
JI Clin. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 70
IS 2
BP 91
EP 97
DI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00649.x
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 061PE
UT WOS:000238883900001
PM 16879188
ER

PT J
AU German, TP
   Hehman, JA
AF German, Tim P.
   Hehman, Jessica A.
TI Representational and executive selection resources in 'theory of mind':
   Evidence from compromised belief-desire reasoning in old age
SO COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE belief-desire reasoning; theory of mind; executive function; cognitive
   aging
ID VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; FALSE BELIEF; STORY COMPREHENSION;
   INHIBITORY CONTROL; CHILDRENS THEORY; WORKING-MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   AUTISM; PERFORMANCE; COGNITION
AB Effective belief-desire reasoning requires both specialized representational capacities-the capacity to represent the mental states as such-as well as executive selection processes for accurate performance on tasks requiring the prediction and explanation of the actions of social agents. Compromised belief-desire reasoning in a given population may reflect failures in either or both of these systems. We report evidence supporting this two-process model from belief-desire reasoning tasks conducted with younger and older adult populations. When task inferential complexity is held constant, neither group showed specific difficulty with reasoning about mental state content as compared with non-mental state content. However, manipulations that systematically increase executive performance demands within belief-desire reasoning caused systematic decreases in task performance in both older and younger adult groups. Moreover, the effect of increasing executive demands was disproportionately greater in the older group. Regression analysis indicated that measures of processing speed and inhibition contributed most to explaining variance in accuracy and response times in the belief-desire reasoning tasks. These results are consistent with the idea that compromised belief-desire reasoning in old age is likely the result of age-related decline in executive selection skills that supplement core mental state representational abilities, rather than as a result of failures in the representational system itself. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP German, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM german@psych.ucsb.edu
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NR 75
TC 69
Z9 74
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-0277
J9 COGNITION
JI Cognition
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 101
IS 1
BP 129
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.05.007
PG 24
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 066JU
UT WOS:000239226400005
PM 16288734
ER

PT J
AU Eaton, JL
   Glasgow, E
AF Eaton, Jennifer L.
   Glasgow, Eric
TI The zebrafish bHLH PAS transcriptional regulator, single-minded 1
   (sim1), is required for isotocin cell development
SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE diencephalon; forebrain; hypothalamus; neuropeptide; oxytocin;
   vasopressin; vasotocin; autism; Prader-Willi Syndrome
ID SINGLE-MINDED GENE; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS;
   SOCIAL RECOGNITION; NEUROENDOCRINE BASIS; EXPRESSION PATTERNS;
   MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; PRAIRIE VOLES
AB A wide range of physiological and behavioral processes, such as social, sexual, and maternal behaviors, learning and memory, and osmotic homeostasis are influenced by the neurohypophysial peptides oxytocin and vasopressin. Disruptions of these hormone systems have been linked to several neurobehavioral disorders, including autism, Prader-Willi syndrome, affective disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Studies in zebrafish promise to reveal the complex network of regulatory genes and signaling pathways that direct the development of oxytocin- and vasopressin-like neurons, and provide insight into factors involved in brain disorders associated with disruption of these systems. Isotocin, which is homologous to oxytocin, is expressed early, in a simple pattern in the developing zebrafish brain. Single-minded 1 (sim1), a member of the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulatory genes, is required for terminal differentiation of mammalian oxytocin cells and is a master regulator of neurogenesis in Drosophila. Here we show that sim1 is expressed in the zebrafish forebrain and is required for isotocin cell development. The expression pattern of sim1 mRNA in the embryonic forebrain is dynamic and complex, and overlaps with isotocin expression in the preoptic area. We provide evidence that the role of sim1 in zebrafish neuroendocrine cell development is evolutionarily conserved with that of mammals.
C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
   Kent State Univ, Sch Biomed Sci, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Kent, OH USA.
RP Glasgow, E (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 232 Bldg D,4000 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
EM eg239@georgetown.edu
RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010
OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X
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NR 98
TC 24
Z9 25
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1058-8388
J9 DEV DYNAM
JI Dev. Dyn.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 235
IS 8
BP 2071
EP 2082
DI 10.1002/dvdy.20848
PG 12
WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology
SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology
GA 071GZ
UT WOS:000239588800006
PM 16691572
ER

PT J
AU Doo, S
   Wing, YK
AF Doo, Sylvia
   Wing, Yun Kwok
TI Sleep problems of children with a pervasive developmental disorders:
   correlation with parental stress
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ASPERGERS-DISORDER; AUTISM; PATTERNS; PREVALENCE; MOTHERS
AB This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Chinese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in Hong Kong and their relationship to parental stress. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six child assessment centres. All parents of the children with PDD completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form, and questions on sleep practice. A total of 210 out of 250 questionnaires (response rate 84%) were returned. Mean age of the children was 3 years 6 months (SD 1y 4mo; range 2y-7y 7mo; 168 males, 25 females). The prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems in various sleep domains ranged from 9.3 to 45.6%, with 67.9% of children having significant problems in at least one sleep domain. The most common problems reported were bedtime resistance and parasomnias. Similar sleep problems occurred in all the PDD subgroups. The factor most significantly associated with sleep problems was the occurrence of sleep problems before the age of 2 years. The parents of children with PDD with sleep problems experienced a higher level of stress than those whose children had no sleep problems. A high prevalence of significant sleep problems was reported in Chinese children in Hong Kong with PDD. A higher stress level among the parents of those children with PDD with sleep problems suggests the need for systematic early detection and management of sleep problems in children with PDD.
C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin Hosp, Dept Hlth, Child Assessment Serv, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
RP Wing, YK (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Room 7011,7th Floor, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM ykwing@cuhk.edu.hk
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NR 29
TC 39
Z9 43
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 8
BP 650
EP 655
DI 10.1017/S001216220600137X
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 068DY
UT WOS:000239353800006
PM 16836776
ER

PT J
AU Iafusco, D
   Vanelli, M
   Songini, M
   Chiari, G
   Cardella, F
   Fifi, A
   Lombardo, F
   Marinaro, A
   Melia, A
   Marsciani, A
   Vacca, A
   Prisco, F
AF Iafusco, Dario
   Vanelli, Maurizio
   Songini, Marco
   Chiari, Giovanni
   Cardella, Francesca
   Fifi, Annarita
   Lombardo, Fortunato
   Marinaro, Annamaria
   Melia, Annafranca
   Marsciani, Alberto
   Vacca, Anna
   Prisco, Franco
TI Type 1 diabetes and autism association seems to be linked to the
   incidence of diabetes
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Univ Parma, Dept Paediat, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
   Univ Naples, Dept Paediat, Naples, Italy.
   Hosp Brotzu, Dept Internal Med, Cagliari, Italy.
   Italian Soc, Paediat Endocrinol & Diabetol Unit, Palermo, Italy.
   Italian Soc, Paediat Endocrinol & Diabetol Unit, Sassari, Italy.
   Italian Soc, Paediat Endocrinol & Diabetol Unit, Nuoro, Italy.
   Italian Soc, Paediat Endocrinol & Diabetol Unit, Rimini, Italy.
   Italian Soc, Paediat Endocrinol & Diabetol Unit, Cosenza, Italy.
RP Vanelli, M (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dept Paediat, Viale A Gramsci,14, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
EM maurizio.vanelli@unipr.it
CR Carle F, 2004, DIABETES CARE, V27, P2790, DOI 10.2337/diacare.27.12.2790
   Daneman D, 2006, DIABETES CARE, V29, P485, DOI 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-2094
   Freeman SJ, 2005, DIABETES CARE, V28, P925, DOI 10.2337/diacare.28.4.925
   GILLESPIE KM, 2004, LANCET, V364, P1645
   Harjutsalo V, 2006, DIABETES CARE, V29, P484, DOI 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1552
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 8
BP 1985
EP 1986
DI 10.2337/dc06-0842
PG 2
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 071HA
UT WOS:000239589000052
PM 16873821
ER

PT J
AU Tharpe, AM
   Bess, FH
   Sladen, DP
   Schissel, H
   Couch, S
   Schery, T
AF Tharpe, Anne Marie
   Bess, Fred H.
   Sladen, Douglas P.
   Schissel, Holly
   Couch, Steve
   Schery, Teris
TI Auditory characteristics of children with autism
SO EAR AND HEARING
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM
   DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; EVOKED-RESPONSES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW;
   HEARING-LOSS; PREVALENCE; DYSFUNCTION; POPULATION
AB Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the auditory characteristics of children with autism relative to those of typically developing children and (2) to describe the test-retest reliability of behavioral auditory test measures with this population of children with autism.
   Design: Audiometric data were obtained from 22 children diagnosed with autism and 22 of their typically developing peers. The audiologic test battery consisted of behavioral measures (i.e., visual reinforcement audiometry, tangible reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry, and conditioned play audiometry) and physiological measures (auditory brain stem response audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and acoustic reflexes).
   Results: Children with autism had physiologic test results equivalent to their typically developing counterparts. That is, no differences in auditory brain stem response audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, or acoustic reflex results were noted between the children with autism and typically developing children. However, behavioral measures revealed that about half of the children diagnosed with autism presented pure-tone averages outside of normal limits (i.e., > 20 dB HL), although their response thresholds to speech were within normal limits. All behavioral test results were within normal limits (i.e., <= 20 dB HL) for the typically developing children. In addition, test-retest variability was typically 15 dB or greater for children with autism as compared with variability of 10 dB or less for most of the typically developing children.
   Conclusions: Children with autism demonstrated essentially equivalent results on a battery of physiological auditory tests as those obtained from typically developing children. However, on average, behavioral responses of children with autism were elevated and less reliable relative to those of typically developing children. Furthermore, approximately half of the children with autism demonstrated behavioral pure-tone averages outside of the normal hearing range (i.e., > 20 dB HL) despite having normal to near-normal hearing sensitivity as determined by other audiometric measures.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
RP Tharpe, AM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 1215 21st Ave S,Room 8310,Med Ctr E,S Tower, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
EM anne.m.tharpe@vanderbilt.edu
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NR 72
TC 29
Z9 30
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-0202
J9 EAR HEARING
JI Ear Hear.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 430
EP 441
DI 10.1097/01.aud.0000224981.60575.d8
PG 12
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology
GA 062GV
UT WOS:000238933500011
PM 16825892
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, Q
   Boismenu, R
   Rusche, JR
   Holmes, GL
AF Zhao, Qian
   Boismenu, Richard
   Rusche, James R.
   Holmes, Gregory L.
TI Lack of effect of secretin on kindling and seizures
SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE kindling; seizures; hippocampus; epilepsy; secretin; vagus nerve
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIPPOCAMPAL-LESIONS; ANIMAL-MODELS;
   RAT-BRAIN; EXPRESSION; AUTISM; AMYGDALA; EPILEPSY; SCHIZOPHRENIA;
   INHIBITION
AB Secretin infused into rats activates neurons located in brain areas controlling autonomic function and emotion. The brain activity of secretin is mediated, at least in part, through vagal pathways. It is known that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve results in considerable antiepileptic effects. Whether or not secretin has an effect on seizures is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of secretin as an antiepileptogenic agent in electrical kindling and as an anticonvulsant in fully kindled seizures. To assess antiepileptogenic effects, we administered secretin (10, 30, or 100 mu g/kg/dose) or normal saline intravenously 5 min before twice-daily kindling stimulation. To assess the anticonvulsant effect of secretin, we administered either normal saline or secretin (100 mu g/kg/dose) 5 min before the electrical stimulation to fully kindled rats. We observed no effect on kindling rate or afterdischarge duration. In fully kindled rats, secretin administration had no effect on kindling stage or afterdischarge duration. Thus, in the dose range used in this preliminary acute treatment study, secretin had no discernible antiepileptogenic or anticonvulsant effects. Secretin was very well tolerated in this multidose protocol. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Neurosci Ctr Dartmouth, Neurol Sect, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
   Repligen Corp, Waltham, MA USA.
RP Zhao, Q (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Neurosci Ctr Dartmouth, Neurol Sect, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
EM qian.zhao@Dartmouth.edu
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NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1525-5050
J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV
JI Epilepsy Behav.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 9
IS 1
BP 46
EP 50
DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.006
PG 5
WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 068MR
UT WOS:000239378900006
PM 16723277
ER

PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
   Tonge, BJ
   Bradshaw, JL
   Iansek, R
   Enticott, PG
   McGinley, J
AF Rinehart, Nicole J.
   Tonge, Bruce J.
   Bradshaw, John L.
   Iansek, Robert
   Enticott, Peter G.
   McGinley, Jenny
TI Gait function in high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE high-functioning Autism; Asperger's disorder; Gait; Parkinson's disease;
   cerebellum
ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; POSTURAL
   CONTROL; MOVEMENT; CHILDREN; COORDINATION; INDIVIDUALS; DISTURBANCE;
   DIAGNOSIS
AB Gait abnormalities have been widely reported in individuals with autism and Asperger's disorder. There is controversy as to whether the cerebellum or the basal-ganglia frontostriatal regions underpin these abnormalities. This is the first direct comparison of gait and upper-body postural features in autism and Asperger's disorder. Clinical and control groups were matched according to age, height, weight, performance, and full scale IQ. Consistent with Hallet's (1993) cerebellar-gait hypothesis, the autistic group showed significantly increased stride-length variability in their gait in comparison to control and Asperger's disorder participants. No quantitative gait deficits were found for the Asperger's disorder group. In support of Damasio and Maurer's (1982) basal-ganglia frontostriatal-gait hypothesis, both clinical groups were rated as showing abnormal arm posturing, however, only the Asperger's group were rated as significantly different from controls in terms of head and trunk posturing. While DSM-IV-TR suggests that Asperger's disorder, but not autism, is associated with motoric clumsiness, our data suggest that both clinical groups are uncoordinated and lacking in motor smoothness. Gait differences in autism and Asperger's disorder were suggested to reflect differential involvement of the cerebellum, with commonalities reflecting similar involvement of the basal-ganglia frontostriatal region.
C1 Monash Univ, Dept Psychol Med, Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
   Monash Univ, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
   Murdoch Childrens Res Unit, Gait Ctr Clin Res Excellence, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
   Monash Univ, Geriatr Res Unit, Kingston Ctr, So Hlth Monash Ageing Res Ctr, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia.
RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Psychol Med, Monash Med Ctr, 246 Clayton Rd,Level 3,Block P, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM nicole.rinehart@med.monash.edu.au
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NR 39
TC 46
Z9 47
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 5
BP 256
EP 264
DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0530-y
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 077GR
UT WOS:000240017500002
PM 16554961
ER

PT J
AU Freitag, CM
   Kleser, C
   von Gontardf, A
AF Freitag, Christine M.
   Kleser, Christina
   von Gontardf, Alexander
TI Imitation and language abilities in adolescents with Autism Spectrum
   Disorder without language delay
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorder; imitation; language; apraxia
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME;
   APRAXIA; COMMUNICATION; PERCEPTION; CHILDREN; BRAIN; FACE; INDIVIDUALS
AB Introduction. Difficulties imitating gestures have been found in several studies in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that imitation abilities might be precursors of language abilities in young children with autism. No study on imitation and language abilities in adolescents with ASD has been performed to date.
   Methods. Fifteen male adolescents with ASD, 16 male and 13 female controls were compared regarding imitation abilities of upper and lower facial movements, and language skills as assessed by the pragmatic rating scale and the Aachen Aphasia test (AAT).
   Results. Autism Spectrum Disorder subjects showed reduced imitation abilities of facial movements and non-meaningful combined hand-and-finger gestures. Regarding language, ASD subjects showed difficulties in AAT spontaneous speech measures and reduced pragmatic language abilities. Correlations of imitation and language measures differed between ASD, male and female controls.
   Conclusions. The weak and differential correlations of imitation and language measures in the three comparison groups might imply a differential organization of language and imitation networks in the three comparison groups. Pragmatic abilities, which are a central feature in ASD, were not related to imitation abilities. Therefore, imitation and language abilities in ASD might not be as closely correlated as previously expected.
C1 Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
RP Freitag, CM (reprint author), Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
EM christine.freitag@uniklinikumsaarland.de
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NR 56
TC 10
Z9 11
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 5
BP 282
EP 291
DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0533-8
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 077GR
UT WOS:000240017500005
PM 16554960
ER

PT J
AU Weiss, LA
   Kosova, G
   Delahanty, RJ
   Jiang, L
   Cook, EH
   Ober, C
   Sutcliffe, JS
AF Weiss, Lauren A.
   Kosova, Gulum
   Delahanty, Ryan J.
   Jiang, Lan
   Cook, Edwin H., Jr.
   Ober, Carole
   Sutcliffe, James S.
TI Variation in ITGB3 is associated with whole-blood serotonin level and
   autism susceptibility
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; integrin beta3; serotonin; 5-HT; quantitative trait locus;
   platelet
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY-BASED TESTS; PROMOTER
   VARIANTS; COMPLEX TRAITS; DOUBLE-BLIND; GENOME-WIDE; TRANSPORTER;
   LINKAGE; HYPERSEROTONEMIA; CHILDREN
AB Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder affecting more males than females. Heritability estimates for autism can rise above 90%, and genes influencing the serotonin system are strong candidates for autism susceptibility genes, as drugs selectively acting on the serotonin system are some of the most effective treatments for maladaptive behaviors seen in autism. ITGB3 was recently identified as a male quantitative trait locus (QTL) for whole-blood serotonin levels in the Hutterites (P=0.0003). Here, we demonstrate associations between variation in ITGB3 and serotonin levels in two outbred samples (P=0.010 and 0.015). Lastly, we show that a coding variant of ITGB3 is associated with autism susceptibility in a large multiplex sample (P=0.00082), and that this variation has different effects in males and females (P=0.0018).
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Sutcliffe, JS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Mol Neurosci, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
EM james.s.sutcliffe@vanderbilt.edu
RI Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012
OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007
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NR 45
TC 37
Z9 41
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1018-4813
J9 EUR J HUM GENET
JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 14
IS 8
BP 923
EP 931
DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201644
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 067TU
UT WOS:000239326300010
PM 16724005
ER

PT J
AU Buoni, S
   Zannolli, R
   de Santi, M
   Macucci, F
   Hayek, J
   Orsi, A
   Scarinci, R
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   Cuccia, A
   Zappella, M
   Miracco, C
AF Buoni, S.
   Zannolli, R.
   de Santi, M.
   Macucci, F.
   Hayek, J.
   Orsi, A.
   Scarinci, R.
   Buscalferri, A.
   Cuccia, A.
   Zappella, M.
   Miracco, C.
TI Neurocutaneous syndrome with mental delay, autism, blockage in
   intracellular vescicular trafficking and melanosome defects
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; cell trafficking; intracellular vescicular compartment;
   melanosomes; mental delay; neurocutaneous syndrome
ID ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA SYNDROME; EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS;
   HERMANSKY-PUDLAK-SYNDROME; NORMAL HUMAN SKIN; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS;
   BIRBECK GRANULES; LEOPARD SYNDROME; CUTIS TRICOLOR; MELANOCYTES;
   BIOGENESIS
AB We evaluated a 11-year-old male patient with mental delay, autism and brownish and whitish skin spots. The former resembled those of neurofibromatosis, the latter those of tuberous sclerosis. The patient received a complete clinical work-up to exclude neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, or any other known neurocutaneous disease, with biochemistry, chromosome analysis and analysis of skin specimens. Being all the other tests not significant, two main ultrastructural defects were observed. The first was a blockage in intracellular vescicular trafficking with sparing of the mitochondria; the second an aberrant presence of melanosomes in vacuoles of several cell lines and abnormal transfer of these organelles to keratinocytes. This patient presented with a unique clinical picture distinct from neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis or any other known neurocutaneous disease. The ultrastructural abnormalities suggested a defect in cell trafficking involving several cell lines and compartments.
C1 Univ Siena, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Neurol, Policlin Scotte, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
   Azienda Osped Univ Senese, Pediat Neuropsychiat Unit, Policlin Scotte, Siena, Italy.
   Univ Siena, Dept Human Pathol & Oncol, Sect Pathol Anat & Istol, Policlin Scotte, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
   Azienda Osped Univ Senese, Policlin Scotte, Siena, Italy.
   Univ Siena, Dept Dermatol, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
RP Zannolli, R (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Neurol, Policlin Scotte, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
EM zannolli@unisi.it
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NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1351-5101
J9 EUR J NEUROL
JI Eur. J. Neurol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 13
IS 8
BP 842
EP 851
DI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01305.x
PG 10
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 065VO
UT WOS:000239188200015
PM 16879294
ER

PT J
AU Weiss, LA
   Ober, C
   Cook, EH
AF Weiss, Lauren A.
   Ober, Carole
   Cook, Edwin H., Jr.
TI ITGB3 shows genetic and expression interaction with SLC6A4
SO HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; AUTISTIC DISORDER;
   TRANSPORTER; FAMILIES; PROMOTER; PROBANDS
AB Autism affects more males than females and is associated with disturbances of the serotonin system. The integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) genes were both recently identified as male quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for serotonin levels and alleles of each have been associated with autism. Here, we use publicly available genomic resources to determine whether regulation of expression level could be the mechanism behind association between serotonin level and noncoding variation in ITGB3. We also examine whether ITGB3 might interact with SLC6A4 to contribute to autism susceptibility. Using murine and human expression data, we observe that ITGB3 and SLC6A4 expression levels are correlated (0.38 < r < 0.78). Moreover, genetic variation in ITGB3 is associated with expression of both ITGB3 (P=0.012) and SLC6A4 (P=0.008) in unrelated CEPH individuals. We also show preliminary evidence that genotypes at the ITGB3 and SLC6A4 loci may interact to affect autism susceptibility (P=0.033).
C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
RP Weiss, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res,Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Uni, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
EM laweiss@chgr.mgh.harvard.edu
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NR 27
TC 23
Z9 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0340-6717
J9 HUM GENET
JI Hum. Genet.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 120
IS 1
BP 93
EP 100
DI 10.1007/s00439-006-0196-z
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 061HD
UT WOS:000238861300010
PM 16721604
ER

PT J
AU Scassellati, B
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AF Scassellati, Brian
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   Kim, Elizabeth
   Shic, Frederick
   Sun, Ganghua
TI Social development
SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNICATIVE INTENT; AUTISM; SPEECH
C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Scassellati, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
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NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA
SN 1556-603X
J9 IEEE COMPUT INTELL M
JI IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 3
BP 41
EP 47
DI 10.1109/MCI.2006.1672987
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA 169UC
UT WOS:000246616300005
ER

PT J
AU Kao, HSR
AF Kao, HSR
TI Shufa: Chinese calligraphic handwriting (CCH) for health and behavioural
   therapy
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE
AB This paper presents an overview of psychological research on the Chinese art of calligraphy (Shufa). Using a theoretical framework, we have investigated the scientific nature of calligraphic brush handwriting as well as its treatment effects on behavioural and clinical disorders. The paper begins with an introduction to Chinese calligraphy, Chinese characters, and the character structures. This is followed by an account of a research-based framework of the psychological characteristics of Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH). Our basic research includes measures of the writer's physiological changes associated with the brush-writing act, and the results show that the practitioner experiences relaxation and emotional calmness evident in decelerated respiration, slower heart-rate, decreased blood pressure, and reduced muscular tension. The cognitive effects of the CCH practice included quickened response time and improved performance in discrimination and figure identification, as well as enhanced visual spatial abilities, spatial relations, abstract reasoning, and aspects of memory and attention in the practitioners. Following these findings, our applied and clinical research has resulted in positive effects of the CCH treatment on behavioural changes in individuals with autism, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); on cognitive improvements in reasoning, judgement, and cognitive facilitation; and on hand steadiness in children with mild retardation; as well as enhanced memory, concentration, spatial orientation, and motor coordination in Alzheimer's patients. Similarly, we have successfully applied the CCH treatment to patients with psychosomatic diseases of hypertension and diabetes, as well as mental diseases of schizophrenia, depression, and neurosis in terms of the patients' emotions, concentration, and hospital behaviours. This new system of CCH behavioural treatment has also been applied to users of other writing systems. In summary, the present CCH research has its roots in a Chinese art, has been scientifically investigated, and offers an alternative approach to improved health.
C1 Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Psychol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
RP Kao, HSR (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Psychol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
EM hrnyksr@hkucc.hku.hk
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NR 38
TC 6
Z9 7
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7594
J9 INT J PSYCHOL
JI Int. J. Psychol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 4
BP 282
EP 286
DI 10.1080/00207590544000059
PG 5
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 045ST
UT WOS:000237763200005
ER

PT J
AU McGeorge, T
AF McGeorge, Tristan
TI Understanding the nature of autism and Asperger's disorder: Forty years
   of clinical practice and pioneering research.
SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AZ, England.
RP McGeorge, T (reprint author), Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AZ, England.
CR RITVO E, 2006, UNDERSTANDING NATURE
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-0261
J9 INT REV PSYCHIATR
JI Int. Rev. Psych.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 4
BP 385
EP 385
DI 10.1080/09540260600845422
PG 1
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 078ZG
UT WOS:000240144700011
ER

PT J
AU Charman, T
AF Charman, Tony
TI Behavioral Science - Preface
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISM
C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
RP Charman, T (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM t.charman@ich.ucl.ac.uk
RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
   BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839
   BARONCOHEN S, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P158, DOI DOI 10.1192/BJP.168.2.158
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
EI 1573-3432
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 711
EP 712
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0155-5
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300001
ER

PT J
AU Boger-Megiddo, I
   Shaw, DWW
   Friedman, SD
   Sparks, BF
   Artru, AA
   Giedd, JN
   Dawson, G
   Dager, SR
AF Boger-Megiddo, Inbal
   Shaw, Dennis W. W.
   Friedman, Seth D.
   Sparks, Bobbi F.
   Artru, Alan A.
   Giedd, Jay N.
   Dawson, Geraldine
   Dager, Stephen R.
TI Corpus callosum morphometrics in young children with autism spectrum
   disorder
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE MRI; autism; brain structure; corpus callosum
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; BRAIN SIZE; MRI;
   VOLUME; INDIVIDUALS; LIFE
AB This study assessed midsagittal corpus callosum cross sectional areas in 3-4 year olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) and developmentally delayed (DD) children. Though not different in absolute size compared to TD, ASD callosums were disproportionately small adjusted for increased ASD cerebral volume. ASD clinical subgroup analysis revealed greater proportional callosum reduction in the more severely affected autistic disorder (AD) than in pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) children. DD children had smaller absolute callosums than ASD and TD. Subregion analysis revealed widely distributed callosum differences between ASD and TD children. Results could reflect decreased inter-hemispheric connectivity or cerebral enlargement due to increase in tissues less represented in the corpus callosum in ASD.
C1 Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Canc Epidemiol Res Coop, Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Shaw, DWW (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 5C-1,4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM dennis.shaw@seattlechildrens.org
RI Giedd, Jay/A-3080-2008; Giedd, Jay/B-7302-2012
OI Giedd, Jay/0000-0003-0827-3460
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NR 31
TC 49
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 733
EP 739
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0121-2
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300004
PM 16625438
ER

PT J
AU Giannotti, F
   Cortesi, F
   Cerquiglini, A
   Bernabei, P
AF Giannotti, F.
   Cortesi, F.
   Cerquiglini, A.
   Bernabei, P.
TI An open-label study of controlled-release melatonin in treatment of
   sleep disorders in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE sleep disorders; autism; melatonin treatment; long-term study
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WAKE CYCLE DISORDERS; ELDERLY
   INSOMNIACS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; YOUNG-ADULTS; DISTURBANCES;
   RHYTHM; RETARDATION; ADOLESCENTS
AB Long-term effectiveness of controlled-release melatonin in 25 children, aged 2.6-9.6 years with autism without other coexistent pathologies was evaluated openly. Sleep patterns were studied using Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and sleep diaries at baseline, after 1-3-6 months melatonin treatment and 1 month after discontinuation. Sleep diary and CSHQ showed a more problematic sleep in autistic children compared with controls. During treatment sleep patterns of all children improved. After discontinuation 16 children returned to pre-treatment score, readministration of melatonin was again effective. Treatment gains were maintained at 12 and 24-month follow-ups. No adverse side effects were reported. In conclusion, controlled-release melatonin may provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for autistic children with chronic sleep disorders.
C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Dev Neurol & Psychiat, Ctr Pediat Sleep Disorders, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Dev Neurol & Psychiat, PDD Clin, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
RP Giannotti, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Dev Neurol & Psychiat, Ctr Pediat Sleep Disorders, Via Dabelli 108, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
EM flavia.giannotti@uniroma1.it
CR Akaboshi S, 2000, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V54, P379, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00723.x
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NR 58
TC 64
Z9 65
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 741
EP 752
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0116-z
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300005
PM 16897403
ER

PT J
AU Grela, BG
   McLaughlin, KS
AF Grela, Bernard G.
   McLaughlin, Kathryn S.
TI Focused stimulation for a child with autism spectrum disorder: A
   treatment study
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorder; focused stimulation; parent intervention;
   natural language procedures
ID LANGUAGE INTERVENTION; BEHAVIOR; TODDLERS
AB This study explored the use of focused stimulation as an intervention technique for a three-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). His parents were trained to use focused stimulation to facilitate comprehension of what is x doing question forms. Responses to question probes were collected at both pre- and post-treatment intervals. At the beginning of the study, the child did not respond correctly to any of the target questions. Following intervention, the child made significant gains towards the target goal, but little change towards a control goal used for comparison. These findings provide preliminary support for the usefulness of focused stimulation as an intervention strategy for at least some children with ASD.
C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Commun Sci, Unit 1085, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA.
RP Grela, BG (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Commun Sci, Unit 1085, 850 Bolton Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM bgrela@uconn.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   ARICK JR, 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V8, P75
   Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT
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NR 17
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 753
EP 756
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0122-1
PG 4
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300006
PM 16838131
ER

PT J
AU Rinehart, NJ
   Bellgrove, MA
   Tonge, BJ
   Brereton, AV
   Howells-Rankin, D
   Bradshaw, JL
AF Rinehart, Nicole J.
   Bellgrove, Mark A.
   Tonge, Bruce J.
   Brereton, Avril V.
   Howells-Rankin, Debra
   Bradshaw, John L.
TI An examination of movement kinematics in young people with
   high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder: Further evidence for a
   motor planning deficit
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE high-functioning autism; Asperger's disorder; movement kinematics; motor
   preparation kinematics; motor preparation
ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SHIFTING
   ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; BRAIN; CLUMSINESS; ADULTS;
   BRADYKINESIA
AB This paper examines upper-body movement kinematics in individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's disorder (AD). In general, the results indicate that HFA is more consistently associated with impaired motoric preparation/initiation than AD. The data further suggest that this quantitative difference in motor impairment is not necessarily underpinned by greater executive dysfunction vulnerability in autism relative to AD. Quantitative motoric dissociation between autism and AD may have down-stream effects on later stages of movement resulting in qualitative differences between these disorder groups, e.g. "motor clumsiness" in AD versus "abnormal posturing" in autism. It will be important for future research to map the developmental trajectory of motor abnormalities in these disorder groups.
C1 Monash Univ, Dept Psychol Med, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
   Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychol, Dublin, Ireland.
   Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Neurosci, Dublin, Ireland.
   Monash Univ, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Res Unit, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
RP Rinehart, NJ (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Psychol Med, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM nicole.rinehart@med.monash.edu.au
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NR 53
TC 64
Z9 64
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 757
EP 767
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0118-x
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300007
PM 16865551
ER

PT J
AU Lindner, JL
   Rosen, LA
AF Lindner, Jennifer L.
   Rosen, Lee A.
TI Decoding of emotion through facial expression, prosody and verbal
   content in children and adolescents with Asperger's syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger's Syndrome; decoding emotion; Perception of Emotion Test;
   facial expression; prosody
ID SOCIAL COMPETENCE; AUTISM; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; EMPATHY; PEOPLE
AB This study examined differences in the ability to decode emotion through facial expression, prosody, and verbal content between 14 children with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and 16 typically developing peers. The ability to decode emotion was measured by the Perception of Emotion Test (POET), which portrayed the emotions of happy, angry, sad, and neutral among the modalities of static and dynamic facial expression, prosody, verbal content, and all modalities combined. Results revealed that children with AS had more difficulty identifying emotions through static facial expression, dynamic facial expression, and prosody than typically developing children. Results are discussed in relationship to an over-reliance on verbal content as a compensatory strategy in social interactions. Treatment implications for individuals with AS are also discussed.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Lindner, JL (reprint author), Capstone Behav Hlth, 1941 S 42nd St,Ste 514, Omaha, NE 68105 USA.
EM drjlindner@cox.net
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NR 54
TC 76
Z9 82
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 769
EP 777
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0105-2
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300008
PM 16639533
ER

PT J
AU Wagner, GC
   Reuhl, KR
   Cheh, M
   McRae, P
   Halladay, AK
AF Wagner, George C.
   Reuhl, Kenneth R.
   Cheh, Michelle
   McRae, Paulette
   Halladay, Alycia K.
TI A new neurobehavioral model of autism in mice: Pre- and postnatal
   exposure to sodium valproate
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE animal model; autism; sodium valproate
ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; LESCH-NYHAN-SYNDROME; ANIMAL-MODELS;
   EARLY-LIFE; RATS; LESIONS; HIPPOCAMPAL; CEREBELLAR; CHILDREN; MEMORY
AB Autism symptoms, including impairments in language development, social interactions, and motor skills, have been difficult to model in rodents. Since children exposed in utero to sodium valproate (VPA) demonstrate behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities similar to those seen in autism, the neurodevelopmental effects of this antiepileptic agent were examined in mice following its pre- or postnatal administration. Exposed pups were evaluated in a battery of neurodevelopmental procedures designed to assess VPA-induced retardation (wherein a behavior fails to mature on schedule), regression (wherein a behavior does mature on time but then deteriorates), or intrusions (wherein normal behaviors are overshadowed by stereotypic or self-injurious behaviors). The resulting observations were interpreted in the context of this new strategy to model autism.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Childhood Neurotoxicol & Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
RP Wagner, GC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Childhood Neurotoxicol & Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM gcwagner@rci.rutgers.edu
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NR 56
TC 67
Z9 69
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 779
EP 793
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0117-y
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300009
PM 16609825
ER

PT J
AU Perkins, MR
   Dobbinson, S
   Boucher, J
   Bol, S
   Bloom, P
AF Perkins, Michael R.
   Dobbinson, Sushie
   Boucher, Jill
   Bol, Simone
   Bloom, Paul
TI Lexical knowledge and lexical use in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; vocabulary; artifacts; temporal concepts; conversation
ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; CHILDREN; CATEGORIZATION; INTENTION
AB One aspect of autistic language that has been infrequently researched is vocabulary and the conceptual knowledge underpinning individual words or word types. In this descriptive study we investigate anomalous vocabulary use in a 70,000-word corpus of conversational autistic language and examine evidence that concept formation, and hence vocabulary, is abnormal in autism. Particular attention is paid to the expression of artifact and temporal concepts which some believe may develop abnormally in autism. Little evidence is found of anomalous use of artifact terms, though errors with temporal (and also spatial) expressions are relatively common. We discuss why this may be and consider several potential explanations for why underlying lexical knowledge in autism may not necessarily be reflected in lexical use.
C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
   Univ Warwick, Dept Psychol, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
   Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Psychol & Speech Pathol, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England.
   Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Perkins, MR (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
EM m.perkins@sheffield.ac.uk
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 43
TC 13
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 795
EP 805
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0120-3
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300010
PM 16897402
ER

PT J
AU Kelley, E
   Paul, JJ
   Fein, D
   Naigles, LR
AF Kelley, Elizabeth
   Paul, Jennifer J.
   Fein, Deborah
   Naigles, Letitia R.
TI Residual language deficits in optimal outcome children with a history of
   autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE outcome; HFA; language; semantics; pragmatics
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION PROGRAM; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
   ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION; KNOWLEDGE; MIND; AGE; IMPAIRMENTS;
   ACQUISITION
AB This study examined whether language deficits persist even in children with optimal outcomes. We examined a group of children with prior diagnoses on the autism spectrum who had IQs in the normal range, were in age-appropriate mainstream classes, and had improved to such an extent that they were considered to be functioning at the level of their typically developing peers. Fourteen such children between the ages of five and nine were matched on age and sex with typically developing children, and were given a battery of 10 language tests to investigate their language abilities. Results indicated that while these children's grammatical capabilities are mostly indistinguishable from their peers, they are still experiencing difficulties in pragmatic and semantic language.
C1 Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
   Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Kelley, E (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, 62 Arch St,H351, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
EM kelleyb@post.queensu.ca
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NR 72
TC 47
Z9 48
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 807
EP 828
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0111-4
PG 22
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300011
PM 16897404
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, GM
AF Anderson, George M.
TI Report of altered urinary oxytocin and AVP excretion in neglected
   orphans should be reconsidered
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
ID SOCIAL ATTACHMENT; EARLY EXPERIENCE; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; NEUROPEPTIDES;
   VASOPRESSIN; DEFICITS; MEDIATE; HUMANS; MODELS
C1 Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Anderson, GM (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM george.anderson@yale.edu
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NR 17
TC 13
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 829
EP 830
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0153-7
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 077GY
UT WOS:000240018300012
PM 16874562
ER

PT J
AU Whitehouse, AJO
   Maybery, MT
   Durkin, K
AF Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.
   Maybery, Murray T.
   Durkin, Kevin
TI Inner speech impairments in autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; executive function; language; inner speech
ID WORKING-MEMORY; WORD-LENGTH; CHILDREN; SUPPRESSION; LANGUAGE; STIMULI;
   NORMS
AB Background: Three experiments investigated the role of inner speech deficit in cognitive performances of children with autism. Methods: Experiment 1 compared children with autism with ability-matched controls on a verbal recall task presenting pictures and words. Experiment 2 used pictures for which the typical names were either single syllable or multisyllable. Two encoding conditions manipulated the use of verbal encoding. Experiment 3 employed a task-switching paradigm for which performance has been shown to be contingent upon inner speech. Results: In Experiment 1, children with autism demonstrated a lower picture-superiority effect compared to controls. In Experiment 2, the children with autism showed a lower word-length effect when pictures were presented alone, but a more substantial word-length effect in a condition requiring overt labelling. In Experiment 3, articulatory suppression affected the task-switching performance of the control participants only. Conclusions: Individuals with autism have limitations in their use of inner speech.
C1 Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
   Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
RP Whitehouse, AJO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England.
EM andrew.whitehouse@psy.ox.ac.uk
RI Maybery, Murray/H-5390-2014
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NR 34
TC 49
Z9 49
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 8
BP 857
EP 865
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01624.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 065ID
UT WOS:000239152500013
PM 16899000
ER

PT J
AU Anagnostou, E
   Esposito, K
   Soorya, L
   Chaplin, W
   Wasserman, S
   Hollander, E
AF Anagnostou, Evdokia
   Esposito, Katherine
   Soorya, Latha
   Chaplin, William
   Wasserman, Stacey
   Hollander, Eric
TI Divalproex versus placebo for the prevention of irritability associated
   with fluoxetine treatment in autism spectrum disorder
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID 5-HT3 RECEPTOR; TRIAL
C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver & NY Autism Ctr Excellence, New York, NY USA.
   St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA.
RP Anagnostou, E (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver & NY Autism Ctr Excellence, New York, NY USA.
EM Eric.Hollander@mssm.edu
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NR 14
TC 18
Z9 19
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0271-0749
J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM
JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 4
BP 444
EP 446
DI 10.1097/01.jcp.0000227703.72117.bc
PG 3
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 070US
UT WOS:000239551200026
PM 16855475
ER

PT J
AU Ortega-Tudela, JM
   Gomez-Ariza, CJ
AF Ortega-Tudela, JM
   Gomez-Ariza, CJ
TI Computer-assisted teaching and mathematical learning in Down Syndrome
   children
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING
LA English
DT Article
DE evaluation of CAL systems; improving classroom teaching; media in
   education; multimedia/hypermedia systems; teaching/learning strategies
ID ACADEMIC ATTAINMENTS; AUTISM; MEMORY; NUMBER
AB The present study aims to explore the extent to which computer-assisted teaching facilitates the learning of basic mathematical concepts and skills in children with Down Syndrome (DS). Thus, the effectiveness of a multimedia teaching method is compared with a traditional one in the teaching of counting and cardinality abilities and concepts. In our study, two groups of DS children were trained. One of them was taught by using mathematical multimedia software whereas the other learned by means of pencil-paper-based tasks on the same material as the multimedia group. The children of both groups were evaluated before and after training sessions. The multimedia group showed a higher performance than the paper and pencil assisted teaching group on a variety of tasks and measures, suggesting a clear relation between teaching method and mathematical learning in DS children. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical as well as applied relevance.
C1 Univ Jaen, Dept Pedag, Jaen 23071, Spain.
   Univ Jaen, Dept Psychol, Jaen 23071, Spain.
RP Ortega-Tudela, JM (reprint author), Univ Jaen, Dept Pedag, Campus Las Lagunillas,S-N, Jaen 23071, Spain.
EM jmortega@ujaen.es
RI Gomez-Ariza, Carlos J./B-1621-2010
OI Gomez-Ariza, Carlos J./0000-0001-5889-7533
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NR 47
TC 14
Z9 14
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-4909
J9 J COMPUT ASSIST LEAR
JI J. Comput. Assist. Learn.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 22
IS 4
BP 298
EP 307
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00179.x
PG 10
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 059TL
UT WOS:000238755000007
ER

PT J
AU Korb, D
AF Korb, Damon
TI The Autism Encyclopedia: 500+entries for parents and professionals
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Ctr Dev Minds, Los Gatos, CA USA.
RP Korb, D (reprint author), Ctr Dev Minds, Los Gatos, CA USA.
CR NEISWORTH JT, AUTISM ENCY 500 ENTR
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-206X
J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR
JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 357
EP 358
DI 10.1097/00004703-200608000-00014
PG 2
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 075BY
UT WOS:000239858400012
ER

PT J
AU Sugamata, M
   Ihara, T
   Sugamata, M
   Takeda, K
AF Sugamata, Masao
   Ihara, Tomomi
   Sugamata, Miho
   Takeda, Ken
TI Maternal exposure to diesel exhaust leads to pathological similarity to
   autism in newborns
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE diesel exhaust; autism; cerebellum purkinje cell; apoptosis; caspase-3
AB We have already demonstrated many diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and some damages in brain tissues (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) of newborn mice whose mothers inhaled DE during pregnancy, and these damages have the possibilities to lead to some disorders of nervous system. In this study, we examined pathological effects on newborn brain by DE-exposure to pregnant mice, especially focused on autism. ICR pregnant mice were exposed to DE and some were exposed to clean air as a comparative control. Brain tissues (cerebellum) were obtained from the mice (housed in a clean air) born from DE-exposure and control pregnant mice, and examined with light and electron microscope. To detect apoptosis, the immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 was performed, especially; the numbers of positive Purkinje cell in cerebellum were compared between DE-exposure and control. In DE-exposure group, numerous caspase-3 positive cells were diffusely observed and the number of positive Purkinje cells was significant large than in control. Electron microscopically, specific features of apoptosis were found in Purkinje cells in the DE-exposure group. These findings indicate that DE-exposure to pregnant mice has a severe impact on fetal brain development and, especially, numerous apoptotic Purkinje cells cause the innate deficiency of them and would involve the pathogenic backing of autism. Our results would give a grave warning that the maternal inhalation of DE is hazardous to fetuses' health and it is possible that these fetal damages carries a great risk of various disorders of nervous system afterward, such as autism.
C1 Tochigi Inst Clin Pathol, Dept Pathol, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 3290112, Japan.
   Toho Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Omori Hosp, Tokyo 1438541, Japan.
   Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Hyg Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan.
RP Sugamata, M (reprint author), Tochigi Inst Clin Pathol, Dept Pathol, 2308-3,Minamiakatsuka, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 3290112, Japan.
EM mspathol@beige.ocn.ne.jp
CR BAUMAN ML, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P791
   Ihara T, 1998, VIRCHOWS ARCH, V433, P443, DOI 10.1007/s004280050272
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   Sugamata M, 2006, J HEALTH SCI, V52, P82, DOI 10.1248/jhs.52.82
NR 4
TC 14
Z9 14
PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA 2-12-15-201 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150, JAPAN
SN 1344-9702
J9 J HEALTH SCI
JI J. Health Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 4
BP 486
EP 488
DI 10.1248/jhs.52.486
PG 3
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 077TN
UT WOS:000240053300025
ER

PT J
AU Rao, A
   Vasudevan, DM
   Parvati, V
   Sumitra, S
   Dhanya, N
AF Rao, A. N.
   Vasudevan, D. M.
   Parvati, V
   Sumitra, S.
   Dhanya, N.
TI 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid among children born out of assisted
   reproductive technologies and its relation to autism
SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Amrita Inst Med Sci, Metab Lab, Kochi, Kerala, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0141-8955
J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS
JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 29
SU 1
BP 60
EP 60
PG 1
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity
GA 083OC
UT WOS:000240467100213
ER

PT J
AU Wahlund, K
   Kristiansson, M
AF Wahlund, Katarina
   Kristiansson, Marianne
TI Offender characteristics in lethal violence with special reference to
   antisocial and autistic personality traits
SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorder; antisocial personality disorder; forensic
   psychiatry; lethal violence
ID CORTEX
AB The objective of the study is to assess the relationships between personality traits, lifetime psychosocial functioning, and crime scene behavior. Thirty-five male offenders referred for forensic psychiatric assessment in Sweden (1996-2001) and assigned a main diagnosis of either antisocial personality disorder (APD) or autism spectrum disorder (AUT) were retrospectively studied. APD were subcategorized into impulsive (APDi) and controlled (APDc). Those in the AUT group were less intoxicated at the time of the crime and did not often use knives or guns compared to the APD group. Males in the APDi group were older and had a higher proportion of abuse of alcohol and drugs in biological parents, physical abuse during childhood, psychiatric contacts, and suicide attempts compared to the APDc group. In the APDi group, knives were used in the homicide compared to the use of guns in the APDc group. The results suggest differences in psychosocial functioning and crime scene characteristics related to personality traits.
C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Forens Psychiat, SE-14104 Huddinge, Sweden.
RP Kristiansson, M (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Forens Psychiat, POB 4044, SE-14104 Huddinge, Sweden.
EM Marianne.kristiansson@rmv.se
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Hare R. D., 1991, MANUAL HARE PSYCHOPA
   Hazelwood RR, 2000, AGGRESS VIOLENT BEH, V5, P267, DOI 10.1016/S1359-1789(99)00002-6
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   MELOY JR, 1988, AGGRESSION VIOLENCE
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NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0886-2605
J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE
JI J. Interpers. Violence
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 8
BP 1081
EP 1091
DI 10.1177/0886260506290289
PG 11
WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied
SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology
GA 067NT
UT WOS:000239310600007
PM 16829668
ER

PT J
AU Yalof, J
AF Yalof, Jed
TI Case illustration of a boy with nonverbal learning disorder and
   Asperger's features: Neuropsychological and personality assessment
SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; DISABILITIES; CHILDREN;
   PROFILES; ADULTS
AB I present a case study of a latency-age boy referred for assessment of a nonverbal learning disability/disorder (NLD) who also had features of Asperger's syndrome (AS). I review NLD terminology, presumed brain-behavior relationship, neuropsychological profile, and diagnosis/classification issues. I discuss the challenge of differentiating NLD from AS in relation to the client's pattern of visual-spatial, communication, social-emotional, and behavioral NLD correlates. I integrate neuropsychological and personality assessment data with interviews, observations, prior testing, and input from teacher and therapist in formulating a diagnostic impression. I discuss Rorschach (Exner, 2003) and neuropsychological consultations in relation to subtle language and interpersonal features of the client's communication style. I provide parent feedback at 18 and 24 months posttesting. I discuss implications relative to a model of school neuropsychological assessment that includes the Rorschach test.
C1 Immaculata Univ, Dept Grad Psychol, Immaculata, PA 19345 USA.
RP Yalof, J (reprint author), Immaculata Univ, Dept Grad Psychol, POB 682, Immaculata, PA 19345 USA.
EM jyalof@immaculata.edu
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NR 82
TC 5
Z9 5
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0022-3891
J9 J PERS ASSESS
JI J. Pers. Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 87
IS 1
BP 15
EP 34
DI 10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_02
PG 20
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social
SC Psychology
GA 075JG
UT WOS:000239880400002
PM 16856784
ER

PT J
AU Yoder, P
   Stone, WL
AF Yoder, Paul
   Stone, Wendy L.
TI A randomized comparison of the effect of two prelinguistic communication
   interventions on the acquisition of spoken communication in
   preschoolers, with ASD
SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; intervention; spoken language
ID FOLLOW-UP; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTENTIONAL COMMUNICATION;
   CHILDREN; AUTISM; SPECTRUM; SPEECH; SYSTEM; DYADS
AB Purpose: This randomized group experiment compared the efficacy of 2 communication interventions (Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching [RPMT] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS]) on spoken communication in 36 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
   Method: Each treatment was delivered to children for a maximum total of 24 hr over a 6-month period. Spoken communication was assessed in a rigorous test of generalization at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up periods.
   Results: PECS was more successful than RPMT in increasing the number of nonimitative spoken communication acts and the number of different nonimitative words used at the posttreatment period. Considering growth over all 3 measurement periods, an exploratory analysis showed that growth rate of the number of different nonimitative words was faster in the PECS group than in the RPMT group for children who began treatment with relatively high object exploration. In contrast, analogous slopes were steeper in the RPMT group than in the PECS group for children who began treatment with relatively low object exploration.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
RP Yoder, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Box 328 Peabody,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
EM paul.yoder@vanderbilt.edu
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NR 40
TC 86
Z9 88
PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA
SN 1092-4388
J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R
JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 49
IS 4
BP 698
EP 711
DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051)
PG 14
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 078QB
UT WOS:000240117200002
PM 16908870
ER

PT J
AU Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
AF Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
TI An evaluation of the effects of thimerosal on neurodevelopmental
   disorders reported following DTP and Hib vaccines in comparison to DTPH
   vaccine in the United States
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UP ANALYSIS; CELL-DEATH;
   AUTISM; MERCURY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN
AB Thimerosal is an ethylmercury (49.55% mercury by weight) preservative historically added to some vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies showed children in the United States received doses of mercury from Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) in excess of safety guidelines. In the United States during the 1990s, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines (maximally, 50 mu g mercury per joint administration) and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTPH) vaccines (25 mu g mercury per administration) were given to children in the same childhood vaccination schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 mo, so that children receiving DTP and Hib vaccines may have maximally received an additional 100 mu g more mercury exposure from TCVs than children administered DTPH vaccines. A case-control epidemiological study of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) (online public access version; updated 31 August 2004) following administration of DTP vaccines in comparison DTPH vaccines manufactured by Lederle Laboratories (Pearl River, NY) from 1994 through 1998 was undertaken. Significantly increased odds ratios for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS were found following DTP vaccines in comparison to DTPH vaccines with minimal bias or systematic error. Additional ND research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures, especially since in 2005 the Institute of Medicine issued a report calling into question handling of vaccine safety data by the National Immunization Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
C1 Genet Ctr Amer, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
   MedCon Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   George Washington Univ, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC USA.
RP Geier, MR (reprint author), Genet Ctr Amer, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
EM mgeier@comcast.net
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NR 58
TC 16
Z9 19
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PD AUG 1
PY 2006
VL 69
IS 15
BP 1481
EP 1495
DI 10.1080/15287390500364556
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 051XC
UT WOS:000238194000005
PM 16766480
ER

PT J
AU Parkes, G
   Hall, I
AF Parkes, Georgina
   Hall, Ian
TI Gender dysphoria and cross-dressing in people with intellectual
   disability: A literature review
SO MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID IDENTITY DISORDER; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
   TRANSSEXUALISM; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; NETHERLANDS; SINGAPORE; AUTISM;
   MALES
AB In clinical practice, we have come across people with intellectual disability who have gender dysphoria and cross-dress. Here, we review the literature on this subject and present an illustrative case example. We searched databases, followed-up references from relevant articles, and contacted colleagues in the field. We found nine papers with case examples and one survey. Gender identity problems certainly occur in people with intellectual disabilities, and developmental perspectives are important in assessing and treating them. In some cases autistic spectrum disorder was comorbid, for individuals with and those without intellectual disability. Aggression was also common. Documented treatments were primarily psychological and social and did not include hormones and sex reassignment surgery. Capacity to consent is a factor that determines treatment.
C1 Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth Learning Disabil, London SW17 0RE, England.
   Islington Learning Disabil, London N7 8US, England.
RP Parkes, G (reprint author), Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth Learning Disabil, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, England.
EM georgina_parkes@doctors.org.uk
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NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0047-6765
J9 MENT RETARD
JI Ment. Retard.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 4
BP 260
EP 271
DI 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[260:GDACIP]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 068SY
UT WOS:000239395900003
PM 16834463
ER

PT J
AU Siebelink, EM
   de Jong, MDT
   Taal, E
   Roelvink, L
AF Siebelink, Eline M.
   de Jong, Menno D. T.
   Taal, Erik
   Roelvink, Leo
TI Sexuality and people with intellectual disabilities: Assessment of
   knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and needs
SO MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS;
   BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENTS; CHALLENGES; FEELINGS; AUTISM; ISSUES
AB The topic of sexuality and romantic relationships of people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities was examined. We developed a questionnaire to investigate the 76 respondents' sexual knowledge, attitudes, experience, and needs. During the interviews, observational data were gathered to check the validity of the instrument. Results show that sexuality and romantic relationships are important aspects in the lives of many persons with intellectual disabilities. Male respondents generally reported more sexual needs than did females. Correlations were found between sexual knowledge and attitudes and between attitudes and experience or needs, suggesting that general behavioral models may be fruitfully used to further explore the topic of sexuality among people with intellectual disabilities.
C1 Univ Twente, Fac Behav Sci, Behav Res Inst, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   Aveleijn Fdn, NL-7622 GW Borne, Netherlands.
RP Siebelink, EM (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Behav Sci, Behav Res Inst, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM M.d.t.dejong@utwente.nl
RI Taal, Erik/F-2827-2010; De Jong, Menno/A-7514-2014
OI Taal, Erik/0000-0002-9822-4488; 
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NR 30
TC 15
Z9 15
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0047-6765
J9 MENT RETARD
JI Ment. Retard.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 44
IS 4
BP 283
EP 294
DI 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[283:SAPWID]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 068SY
UT WOS:000239395900005
PM 16834465
ER

PT J
AU Curran, S
   Powell, J
   Neale, BM
   Dworzynski, K
   Li, T
   Murphy, D
   Bolton, PF
AF Curran, S.
   Powell, J.
   Neale, B. M.
   Dworzynski, K.
   Li, T.
   Murphy, D.
   Bolton, P. F.
TI An association analysis of candidate genes on chromosome 15 q11-13 and
   autism spectrum disorder
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM;
   TRANSMISSION/DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; GENOTYPING ERRORS; GENOMIC SCREEN;
   IDENTIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; POLYMORPHISM; INDIVIDUALS; EXPRESSION
C1 Inst Psychiat, SGDP, London, England.
RP Curran, S (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, SGDP, London, England.
EM curran@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Powell, John/G-4412-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010
OI Powell, John/0000-0001-6124-439X; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262
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NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 11
IS 8
BP 709
EP 713
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001839
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 067NL
UT WOS:000239309800003
PM 16868570
ER

PT J
AU Schmitz, B
   Kramer, G
   Helmstadter, C
   Jokeit, H
   Koch, S
   Luef, G
   Schaefer, C
AF Schmitz, B.
   Kraemer, G.
   Helmstaedter, C.
   Jokeit, H.
   Koch, S.
   Luef, G.
   Schaefer, C.
TI Neuropsychological outcome following intrauterine exposure to valproate
SO NERVENARZT
LA German
DT Review
DE valproate; neuropsychological developmental disturbances; intrauterine
   exposure; advantages vs risk; indication
ID IN-UTERO; MAJOR MALFORMATIONS; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE;
   CHILDREN BORN; ANIMAL-MODELS; SPINA-BIFIDA; EPILEPSY; AUTISM; PREGNANCY
AB A number of recent studies suggest a link between in utero exposure to valproate (VPA) and low IQ and behavioural disorders in children of mothers with epilepsy. In this review, a commission of the German Section of the International League Against Epilepsy discusses the evidence in the literature and practical recommendations for the use of VPA in women of childbearing potential. It is concluded that despite methodological shortcomings-largely due to the complexity of the problem and small case numbers in prospective studies-the existing data are sufficiently alarming to require great caution in the use of VPA in women who could become pregnant. The underlying mechanisms of how antiepileptic drugs may lead to neurodevelopmental problems are unclear. Further prospective studies are urgently needed to clarify this clinically important issue, and a collaborative study is suggested based on the international network established by the European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy.
C1 Neurol Klin & Poliklin, Charite, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
   Schweizi Epilepsie Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland.
   Univ Bonn, Klin Epileptol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
   Schweizer Epilepsie Zentrum, Inst Neuropsychol Diagnost & Bildgebung, Zurich, Switzerland.
   Vivantes Klinikum Neukolln, Diagnose & Behandlungszentrum Kinder, Berlin, Germany.
   Univ Klin Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
   Berliner Betrieb Zent Gesundheitliche Aufgabe, Pharmakovigilanz & Beratungszentrum Embryonaltoxi, Berlin, Germany.
RP Schmitz, B (reprint author), Neurol Klin & Poliklin, Charite, Campus Virchow Klinikum,Augustenburger Pl 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
EM bettina.schmitz@charite.de
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NR 39
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0028-2804
J9 NERVENARZT
JI Nervenarzt
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 77
IS 8
BP 901
EP +
DI 10.1007/s00115-006-2085-z
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 081ZY
UT WOS:000240357300001
PM 16670922
ER

PT J
AU Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
AF Geier, David A.
   Geier, Mark R.
TI A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental
   disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the
   United States
SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Review
DE developmental delay; mercury; merthiolate; thimerosal; thiomersal
ID EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; IN-VITRO;
   DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; CHILDHOOD VACCINES;
   OXIDATIVE STRESS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UP ANALYSIS; CELL-DEATH
AB BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is an cthylinercury-containing compound (49.6% mercury by weight) used as at the preservative level in vaccines (0.005% to 0.01%).
   METHODS: Statistical modeling in a meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for neurodevelopment disorders (NDs) reported following Diplitlieria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis (DTP) vaccines in comparison to Diphtheria-Tetanus-whole-cell-Pertussis-Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (DTPH) vaccines (administered: 1994-1997) and following Thimerosal-containing Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP), vaccines in comparison to Thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines (administered: 1997-2000), was undertaken.
   RESULTS: Significantly increased adjusted (sex, age, vaccine type, vaccine manufacturer) risks of autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, thinking abnormalities, ataxia, and NDs in general, with minimal systematic error or confounding, were associated with TCV exposure.
   CONCLUSION: It is clear from the results of the present epidemiological study and other recently published data associating mercury exposure with childhood NDs, additional ND research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures, especially from Thimerosal-containing vaccines.
C1 Inst Chron Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Geier, MR (reprint author), 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
EM mgeier@comcast.net
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NR 68
TC 37
Z9 41
PU MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS
PI STOCKHOLM
PA PO BOX 26132, S-100 41 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SN 0172-780X
J9 NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT
JI Neuroendocrinol. Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 401
EP 413
PG 13
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 119ST
UT WOS:000243034300001
PM 16807526
ER

PT J
AU Sliwinski, S
   Croonenberghs, J
   Christophe, A
   Deboutte, D
   Maes, M
AF Sliwinski, Sonja
   Croonenberghs, Jan
   Christophe, Armand
   Deboutte, Dirk
   Maes, Michael
TI Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Do they have a role in the pathophysiology
   of autism?
SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; polyunsaturated fatty acids; EPA; DHA; cytokines; serotonin
ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID;
   AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID;
   SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; MAJOR DEPRESSION;
   DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN
AB OBJECTIVES: There is now some evidence that alterations in fatty acids may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. The aim of the present Study was to examine whether autism is accompanied by abnormalities in the composition of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma phospholipids.
   METHODS: The plasma phospholipid omega-3 ( *3) and omega-6 ( 6) PUFA fractions and the *3/*6 ratio were measured in 16 high-functioning rnale Youngsters with autism (age 12-18) and 22 healthy volunteers. Group mean differences were assessed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA).
   RESULTS: In autism there was a significant increase in the fraction of C22:6*-3 (docosahexacnoic acid, DHA) and an increase in the total *3/*6 ratio.
   DISCUSSION: The results of this study suggest that an increase of the plasma *3 PUFAs, in particular DHA, and of the total phospholipid 6 ratio may take part in the pathophysiology of autism. One hypothesis is that an increase of *3 PUFAs may cause alterations in the serotonergic turnover and the immune response system, both known to be associated with autism. Caution must be exercised against highly concentrated omega-3 PUFAs supplementation.
C1 Univ Antwerp, ZNA Middelheim, Univ Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Antwerp, Belgium.
   Univ Ghent, Dept Endocrinol & Nutr, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   Univ Hosp Maastricht, Dept Psychiat, Maastricht, Netherlands.
   Clin Res Ctr Mental Hlth, CRC MH, Limburg, Belgium.
RP Croonenberghs, J (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, ZNA Middelheim Lindendreef 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
EM sonja.sliwinski@hotmail.com
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NR 61
TC 20
Z9 22
PU MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS
PI STOCKHOLM
PA PO BOX 26132, S-100 41 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SN 0172-780X
J9 NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT
JI Neuroendocrinol. Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 465
EP 471
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 119ST
UT WOS:000243034300009
PM 16891996
ER

PT J
AU Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
AF Geier, David A.
   Geier, Mark R.
TI A prospective assessment of porphyrins in autistic disorders: A
   potential marker for heavy metal exposure
SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic; chelation; developmental delay
ID COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; MERCURY EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS;
   THIMEROSAL; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; METABOLISM;
   BIOMARKERS; TOXICITY
AB Autism was recently associated with a urinary porphyrin pattern indicative of mercury toxicity in a large cohort of French children. The IRB of the Institute for Chronic Illnesses approved the present study. A total of 37 consecutive American patients (>= 7 years-old) with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-DSM IV), born from 1983-1998, that presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient genetic evaluations were prospectively examined for urinary prophryin levels (LabCorp, Inc.) from June 2005-June 2006. Imaging and laboratory testing were conducted on each patient to rule-out other causal factors for their ASDs. As controls, age-, sex-, and race-matched neurotypical ASD siblings were examined. An apparent dose-response effect was observed between autism severity and increased urinary coproporphyrins. Patients with non-chelated autism (2.25-fold, 83% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean) and non-chelated ASDs (2-fold, 58% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean), but not patients with non-chelated pervasive developmental delay-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or Asperger's disorder (1.4-fold, 46% had levels > 2 SD above the control mean), had significantly increased median coproporphyrin levels versus controls. A significant increase (1.7-fold) in median coproporphyrin levels was observed among non-chelated ASD patients versus chelated ASD patients. Porphyrins should be routinely clinically measured in ASDs, and potential ASD treatments should consider monitoring porphyrin levels. Additional research should be conducted to evaluate the potential role for mercury exposure in some ASDs.
C1 Genet Ctr Amer, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
   Inst Chron Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
RP Geier, MR (reprint author), Genet Ctr Amer, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
EM mgeier@comcast.net
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NR 35
TC 44
Z9 49
PU F P GRAHAM PUBLISHING CO
PI MOUNTAIN HOME
PA PO BOX 370, MOUNTAIN HOME, TN 37684 USA
SN 1029-8428
J9 NEUROTOX RES
JI Neurotox. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 1
BP 57
EP 63
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 085SR
UT WOS:000240625200006
PM 17000470
ER

PT J
AU Shattuck, PT
AF Shattuck, P. T.
TI The contribution of diagnostic substitution to the growing
   administrative prevalence of autism in US special education. (vol 117,
   pg 1028, 2006)
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Correction
CR Shattuck PT, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V117, P1028, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-1516
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 2
BP 852
EP 852
DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1720
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 069IW
UT WOS:000239440600074
ER

PT J
AU Yamada, K
   Matsuzawa, H
   Uchiyama, M
   Kwee, IL
   Nakada, T
AF Yamada, Kenichi
   Matsuzawa, Hitoshi
   Uchiyama, Makoto
   Kwee, Ingrid L.
   Nakada, Tsutomu
TI Brain developmental abnormalities in Prader-Willi syndrome detected by
   diffusion tensor imaging
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Neuroscience
CY NOV 12-16, 2005
CL Washington, DC
SP Soc Neurosci
DE Prader-Willi syndrome; brain development; diffusion tensor imaging;
   trace; fractional anisotropy
ID ANISOTROPY; MR; MATURATION; CHILDREN; AUTISM; AXONOGRAPHY; PHYSIOLOGY;
   CHILDHOOD; SCLEROSIS; INTEGRITY
AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to detect brain developmental abnormalities in Prader-Willi syndrome by using diffusion tensor imaging based on a high-field MRI system.
   METHODS. Eight patients with Prader-Willi syndrome and 8 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects were examined using a high-field (3.0T) MRI system. Trace value and fractional anisotropy were assessed simultaneously in multiple representative brain regions: the deep gray matter (putamen, caudate head, and dorsomedial thalamus) and the white matter structures (frontal and parietal white matter, posterior limb of internal capsule, and corpus callosum).
   RESULTS. In Prader-Willi syndrome patients, trace value was found to be significantly higher in the left frontal white matter and the left dorsomedial thalamus, whereas fractional anisotropy was significantly reduced in the posterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally, the right frontal white matter, and the splenium of the corpus callosum. The observed diffusivity characteristics indicate developmental abnormalities in these areas, which are highly consistent with the clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome.
   CONCLUSIONS. The study provides the first objective evidence that Prader-Willi syndrome patients indeed have developmental abnormalities in specific areas of the brain, providing a new window toward understanding the pathophysiology of Prader-Willi syndrome.
C1 Niigata Univ, Ctr Integrated Human Brain Sci, Brain Res Inst, Niigata 9518585, Japan.
   Niigata Univ, Gra Sch Med & Dent Sci, Niigata 9518585, Japan.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Nakada, T (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Ctr Integrated Human Brain Sci, Brain Res Inst, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 9518585, Japan.
EM tnakada@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp
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NR 45
TC 23
Z9 23
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 2
BP E442
EP E448
DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0637
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 069IW
UT WOS:000239440600102
PM 16882785
ER

PT J
AU Cabanillas, PP
   Sanchez, ES
   Zaballos, LM
AF Pozo Cabanillas, Pilar
   Sarria Sanchez, Encarnacion
   Mendez Zaballos, Laura
TI Stress in mothers of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders.
SO PSICOTHEMA
LA Spanish
DT Article
ID DOUBLE ABCX MODEL; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDREN;
   PARENTS; DISABILITIES; PREDICTORS; HARDINESS; SENSE
AB Stress in mothers of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze maternal stress in families of individuals with autism. We proposed a multi-factorial and global model based on the Double ABCX model of family stress (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983) in which, the factor aA (stressor) interacts with bB (social support) and cC (perception of stress or, in our study, sense of coherence, SOC) to produce the dependent factor xX (level of stress). Thirty-nine mothers with children diagnosed on Autistic Spectrum disorders completed four questionnaires relating to the factors. The data were statistically analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that the empirical data fitted the theoretically proposed model well. There existed a direct and positive relationship between stressor and stress. Social support and SOC had a direct and negative relationship to stress, and functioned as modulating variables.
C1 Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Psicol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
RP Cabanillas, PP (reprint author), Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Fac Psicol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM ppozo@bec.uned.es
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NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
PU COLEGIO OFICIAL DE PSICOLOGOS DE ASTURIAS
PI OVIEDO
PA ILDEFONSO S. DEL RIO, 4-1 B, 33001 OVIEDO, SPAIN
SN 0214-9915
J9 PSICOTHEMA
JI Psicothema
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 3
BP 342
EP 347
PG 6
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 064QO
UT WOS:000239104400002
ER

PT J
AU Leitman, DI
   Ziwich, R
   Pasternak, R
   Javitt, DC
AF Leitman, David I.
   Ziwich, Rachel
   Pasternak, Roey
   Javitt, Daniel C.
TI Theory of Mind (ToM) and counterfactuality deficits in schizophrenia:
   misperception or misinterpretation?
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOCIAL COGNITION; DYSFUNCTION; HEMISPHERE; IMPAIRMENTS; SARCASM;
   COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; GENERATION; LANGUAGE
AB Background. Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to infer another person's mental state based upon interactional information. ToM deficits have been suggested to underlie crucial aspects of social interaction failure in disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, although the development of paradigms for demonstrating such deficits remains an ongoing area of research. Recent studies have explored the use of sarcasm perception, in which subjects must infer an individual's sincerity or lack thereof, as a 'real-life' index of ToM ability, and as an index of functioning of specific right hemispheric structures. Sarcastic detection ability has not previously been studied in schizophrenia, although patients have been shown to have deficits in ability to decode emotional information from speech ('affective prosody').
   Method. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and 17 control subjects were tested on their ability to detect sarcasm from spoken speech as well as measures of affective prosody and basic pitch perception.
   Results. Despite normal overall intelligence, patients performed substantially worse than controls in ability to detect sarcasm (d= 2(.)2), showing both decreased sensitivity (A) in detection of sincerity versus sarcasm and an increased bias (B") toward sincerity. Correlations across groups revealed significant relationships between impairments in sarcasm recognition, affective prosody and basic pitch perception.
   Conclusions. These findings demonstrate substantial deficits in ability to infer an internal subjective state based upon vocal modulation among subjects with schizophrenia. Deficits were related to, but were significantly more severe than, more general forms of prosodic and sensorial misperception, and are consistent with both right hemispheric and 'bottom-up' theories of the disorder.
C1 Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Program Cognit Neurosci Schizophrenia, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA.
   CUNY City Coll, Program Cognit Neurosci, New York, NY USA.
   NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10012 USA.
RP Javitt, DC (reprint author), Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Program Cognit Neurosci Schizophrenia, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA.
EM javitt@nki.rfmh.org
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NR 46
TC 35
Z9 35
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0033-2917
J9 PSYCHOL MED
JI Psychol. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 8
BP 1075
EP 1083
DI 10.1017/S0033291706007653
PG 9
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 074QO
UT WOS:000239827100004
PM 16700967
ER

PT J
AU Laviola, G
   Adriani, W
   Gaudino, C
   Marino, R
   Keller, F
AF Laviola, Giovanni
   Adriani, Walter
   Gaudino, Chiara
   Marino, Ramona
   Keller, Flavio
TI Paradoxical effects of prenatal acetylcholinesterase blockade on
   neuro-behavioral development and drug-induced stereotypies in reeler
   mutant mice
SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE gene-environment interaction; autism; schizophrenia; chlorpyrifos-oxon;
   amphetamine; scopolamine
ID NEONATAL CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; BEHAVIORAL
   ALTERATIONS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE;
   NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; D-AMPHETAMINE; MOUSE MODEL; IN-VITRO; SCHIZOPHRENIA
AB Introduction Epidemiological and experimental studies support a link between genetic and epigenetic factors in vulnerability to develop enduring neurobehavioral alterations. We studied the interplay between genetic vulnerability and the prenatal exposure to a neurotoxic compound. Chlorpyrifos, a potent and reversible acetylcholinesterase blocker used as a pesticide, and the "reeler" mouse, lacking the extracellular-matrix protein Reelin, were used.
   Materials and methods Homozygous reeler (RL), heterozygous (HZ), and wild-type (WT) mice were prenatally exposed to chlorpytifos-oxon (CPF-O), the active metabolite of chlorpyrifos, or to vehicle (prenatal controls) on gestation days 14-16, that is, during a peak period of neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. The offspring was reared by the natural dam and tested during infancy and at adulthood for global consequences of the prenatal exposure.
   Conclusion The results are consistent with complex interactions between genetic (reeler genotype) and epigenetic (prenatal exposure to CPF-O) factors. In the case of some "genetically modulated" parameters (ultrasound vocalization, amphetamine-induced locomotion, and stereotypy), exposure to CPF-O paradoxically reverted the effects produced by progressive reelin absence. Conversely, for an "epigenetically modulated" parameter (grasping reflex maturation), the effects of CPF-O exposure were counteracted by progressive reelin absence. Finally, for parameters apparently untouched by either factor alone (righting reflex latency, scopolamine-induced locomotor activity), prenatal CPF-O exposure unmasked an otherwise latent genotype dependency. This complex picture also points to reciprocal adaptations within cholinergic and dopaminergic systems during development. Data are interesting in view of recently discovered cholinergic abnormalities in autism and schizophrenia, and may suggest new avenues for early intervention.
C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
   Univ Rome, Lab Dev Neurosci, Rome, Italy.
RP Laviola, G (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
EM laviola@iss.it
RI Keller, Flavio/A-6734-2010
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NR 57
TC 32
Z9 33
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0033-3158
J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
JI Psychopharmacology
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 187
IS 3
BP 331
EP 344
DI 10.1007/s00213-006-0426-z
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 082VQ
UT WOS:000240415700011
PM 16783542
ER

PT J
AU Massion, J
AF Massion, J.
TI Sport practice in autism
SO SCIENCE & SPORTS
LA French
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Scientific Conference on The Recovery Processes of
   Physical Activities
CY AUG, 2003
CL Paris, FRANCE
DE autism; sport practice
ID EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; MOTOR-SKILLS; CHILDREN;
   PERCEPTION; EXERCISE; DISORDER; AREAS; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIORS
AB Aims. - To evaluate the interest of the sporting practice on the quality of life of the young child with autism.
   Current knowledge. - Autism is linked with child developmental disorders. The causes are multifactorial and among them genetical factors are important. It concerns 0.5 to 2% of the population which would represent about 30,000 to 120,000 persons in a country such as France. First described by Kanner in 1943, it shows three main symptoms: 1) disorders of communication, verbal (language) and non verbal (gestual communication, mimics); 2) disorders of socialisation: the autistic person tends to ignore other children, considered as objects; 3) resisting to changes, the child with autism is markedly disturbed by changes in his environment and tends to repeat the same activities. Associated disturbances are described such as mental retardation, sensorimotor dysfunctions, dysfunctions of the executive functions, repetitive and compulsive behaviours, epilepsy etc. The young child with autism usually lives at his parents home. The diagnosis is rarely made before 18 months. Child progresses are the best when adapted education and care is undertaken very early. Pedagogy, education and cares are performed in school environment or in institutions, but also at home and during leisure. Investigations dedicated to sport practice in autism are seldom. In this presentation, we would like answering the following questions: 1) Which problems are encountered by the autistic child during practice of physical and sport activities? 2) Which benefits does get out the child with autism from these practices? 3) Which are the best adapted practices for autistic children in sport? 4) Which policy should be developed to favour access of autistic children to sport practice. We would like to defend the idea that physical and sport practice is for persons with autism one of the most effective ways to overcome their handicaps for the following reasons: 1) it allows adapted learning in all domains where the child presents dysfunctions, such as sensorimotor, communication, socialisation; 2) it provides a deciding factor of success in the learning processes, i.e. motivation linked to the pleasure of the sport practice and to self estimation that it provides. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves.
C1 CNRS, UMR 6057, Lab Parole & Langage, F-13621 Aix En Provence, France.
RP Massion, J (reprint author), Les Microcouliers, 16 Route Rognes, F-13410 Lambesc, France.
EM jean.massion@wanadoo.fr
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NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 0765-1597
J9 SCI SPORT
JI Sci. Sports
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 4
BP 243
EP 248
DI 10.1016/j.scispo.2006.07.001
PG 6
WC Sport Sciences
SC Sport Sciences
GA 093FD
UT WOS:000241152500013
ER

PT J
AU Betancourt, AM
   Burgess, SC
   Carr, RL
AF Betancourt, Angela M.
   Burgess, Shane C.
   Carr, Russell L.
TI Effect of developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos on the expression of
   neurotrophin growth factors and cell-specific markers in neonatal rat
   brain
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE chlorpyrifos; nerve growth factor; reelin; beta-III tubulin; brain
   development; astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; muscarinic receptor
ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE;
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AB Chlorpyrifos (CPS), a known neurotoxicant, is a widely used agricultural organophosphorus insecticide. The effects of postnatal exposure to CPS on the expression of mRNA for two factors critical to brain development, nerve growth factor (NGF) and reelin, were investigated in the forebrain of rats. In addition, the expression of mRNA for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) M-1 subtype and cell-specific markers for developing neurons (beta-III tubulin), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), and oligodendrocytes (myelin-associated glycoprotein, MAG) was also investigated. Oral administration of CPS (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg) or the corn oil vehicle was performed daily from postnatal days (PNDs) 1 through 6. No signs of overt toxicity or of cholinergic hyperstimulation were observed after CPS administration. Body weight was significantly different from controls on PND7 in both males and females exposed to 3.0 mg/kg CPS. Quantitative PCR was performed on the forebrain. The expression of NGF, reelin, and M-1 mAChR mRNA was significantly reduced with both dosages of CPS in both sexes. beta-III Tubulin mRNA expression remained unchanged after exposure, whereas MAG mRNA expression was significantly decreased with both dosages of CPS in both sexes, suggesting effects on the developing oligodendrocytes. In contrast, GFAP mRNA levels were significantly increased with both dosages of CPS in both sexes, suggesting increased astrocyte reactivity. Our findings indicate that dosages of CPS which cause significant cholinesterase inhibition but do not exert overt toxicity can adversely affect the expression levels of critical genes involved in brain development during the early postnatal period in the rat.
C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Carr, RL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, POB 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM rlcarr@cvm.msstate.edu
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NR 40
TC 43
Z9 44
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2006
VL 92
IS 2
BP 500
EP 506
DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl004
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 061XN
UT WOS:000238907300017
PM 16675515
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, YW
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AF Cheng, Ya-Wei
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TI Gender differences in the human mirror system: a magnetoencephalograpy
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SO NEUROREPORT
LA English
DT Article
DE gender differences; magnetoencephalography; mirror-neuoron system;
   primary motor cortex
ID PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; IMITATION; AUTISM;
   ACTIVATION; EMPATHY; PET
AB The present study investigated whether the human mirror-neuron system exhibits gender differences. Neuromagenetic mu (similar to 20 Hz) oscillations were recorded over the right primary motor cortex, which reflect the mirror neuron activity, in 10 female and 10 male participants while they observed the videotaped hand actions and moving dot. In accordance with previous studies, all participants had mu suppression during the observation of hand action, indicating activation of primary motor cortex. Interestingly, the female participants displayed apparently stronger (P <0.05) suppression for the hand action than for the moving dot whereas the men showed the opposite (P <0.05). These findings have implications for the extreme male brain theory of autism and support the hypothesis of a dysfunctional mirror-neuron system in autism.
C1 Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med Res & Educ, Lab Integrated Brain Res, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
   Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Neurosci, Taipei, Taiwan.
   Natl Yang Ming Univ, Cognit Neuropsychol Lab, Taipei, Taiwan.
   Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med Res & Educ, Lab Integrated Brain Res, Taipei, Taiwan.
   Acad Sinica, Inst Linguist, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Washington, Inst Learning & Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Hsieh, JC (reprint author), Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Med Res & Educ, Lab Integrated Brain Res, 201,Sect 2,Shih Pai Rd, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
EM jchsieh@vghtpe.gov.tw
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NR 25
TC 34
Z9 34
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-4965
J9 NEUROREPORT
JI Neuroreport
PD JUL 31
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 11
BP 1115
EP 1119
DI 10.1097/01.wnr.0000223393.59328.21
PG 5
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 072JB
UT WOS:000239668600008
PM 16837838
ER

PT J
AU Chalhoub, N
   Kozma, SC
   Baker, SJ
AF Chalhoub, Nader
   Kozma, Sara C.
   Baker, Suzanne J.
TI S6k1 is not required for Pten-deficient neuronal hypertrophy
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE PTEN; S6k1; PI3k; hypertrophy; neuron; mTor
ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; LHERMITTE-DUCLOS-DISEASE; CELL-SIZE; IN-VIVO;
   MYOCARDIAL-CONTRACTILITY; NEGATIVE REGULATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY;
   TRANSGENIC MICE; SOMA SIZE; DROSOPHILA
AB The tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system. Effects of inherited mutation of PTEN are highly variable and include macrocephaly, Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) caused by a hamartomatous enlargement of the cerebellum, ataxia, seizures and autism, in addition to cancer predisposition. In the mouse, selective inactivation of Pten in post-mitotic granule neurons of the cerebellum and dentate gyrus showed that Pten was required for proper regulation of neuronal nuclear and soma size. Hypertrophy of Pten-deficient neurons required the activity of the serine-threo nine kinase mTor. mTor is a master regulator of cell and organ growth which can trigger a cascade of downstream signaling pathways involving, in part, components of the translational machinery, including S6k1 and its substrate the ribosomal protein S6. Deletion of S6k1 in mice results in decreased size. Therefore, to determine the relative contribution of S6k1 to Pten-deficient neuronal hypertrophy in vivo, we crossed Pten brain-conditional knockouts with S6k1 null mice. Double mutant mice show no reversion or improvement in their Pten-related size and neurological defects including enlarged cerebella and dentate gyri with increased size of neuronal nuclei and somata, ataxia, and premature death. The hypertrophic Pten/S6k1-deficient neurons contained high levels of phosphorylated S6, similar to Pten-deficient neurons, suggesting that the mTor/S6k/S6 branch of the pathway was still active. Thus, we conclude that S6k1 is not required to cause hypertrophy of Pten-deficient neurons. This study reveals a cell type-dependent role for S6k1 in PI3K-dependent hypertrophy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Genome Res Inst, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA.
RP Baker, SJ (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
EM Suzanne.baker@stjude.org
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD JUL 19
PY 2006
VL 1100
BP 32
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.013
PG 10
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 067HD
UT WOS:000239291600004
PM 16777079
ER

PT J
AU Schumann, CM
   Amaral, DG
AF Schumann, Cynthia Mills
   Amaral, David G.
TI Stereological analysis of amygdala neuron number in autism
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; neuropathology; stereology; neuronal density; medial temporal
   lobe; neuroanatomy; amygdaloid complex
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; TEMPORAL-LOBE;
   BRAIN; HIPPOCAMPUS; CHILDREN; VOLUMES; DAMAGE; FEAR; ADOLESCENTS
AB The amygdala is one of several brain regions suspected to be pathological in autism. Previously, we found that young children with autism have a larger amygdala than typically developing children. Past qualitative observations of the autistic brain suggest increased cell density in some nuclei of the postmortem autistic amygdala. In this first, quantitative stereological study of the autistic brain, we counted and measured neurons in several amygdala subdivisions of 9 autism male brains and 10 age-matched male control brains. Cases with comorbid seizure disorder were excluded from the study. The amygdaloid complex was outlined on coronal sections then partitioned into five reliably defined subdivisions: (1) lateral nucleus, (2) basal nucleus, (3) accessory basal nucleus, (4) central nucleus, and (5) remaining nuclei. There is no difference in overall volume of the amygdala or in individual subdivisions. There are also no changes in cell size. However, there are significantly fewer neurons in the autistic amygdala overall and in its lateral nucleus. In conjunction with the findings from previous magnetic resonance imaging studies, the autistic amygdala appears to undergo an abnormal pattern of postnatal development that includes early enlargement and ultimately a reduced number of neurons. It will be important to determine in future studies whether neuron loss in the amygdala is a consistent characteristic of autism and whether cell loss occurs in other brain regions as well.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
RP Amaral, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
EM dgamaral@ucdavis.edu
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NR 34
TC 136
Z9 143
PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0270-6474
J9 J NEUROSCI
JI J. Neurosci.
PD JUL 19
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 29
BP 7674
EP 7679
DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1285-06.2006
PG 6
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 068GE
UT WOS:000239359900016
PM 16855095
ER

PT J
AU Sikora, DM
   Pettit-Kekel, K
   Penfield, J
   Merkens, LS
   Steiner, RD
AF Sikora, Darryn M.
   Pettit-Kekel, Kersti
   Penfield, Jennifer
   Merkens, Louise S.
   Steiner, Robert D.
TI The near universal presence of autism spectrum disorders in children
   with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE SLOS; autism spectrum disorders; cholesterol metabolism; sterol;
   neurosteroids; standardized assessments; dietary treatment
ID RATING-SCALE; IDENTIFICATION; PHENOTYPE
AB Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a defect in cholesterol synthesis. Affected children often have malformations and mental retardation. Autistic behaviors also are evident. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children with SLOS. Fourteen children, 3-16 years old, were evaluated using three different methods to document autistic symptoms: (a) parent interview, (b) direct observation, and Q a behavior checklist. Blood sterols were also measured at regular intervals. Each subject was determined to have Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD NOS), or no diagnosis on the autism spectrum, based on DSM-IV criteria. Correlations among variables were calculated, and blood sterol levels were compared between diagnostic groups. Approximately three-fourths of the children with SLOS (71-86% depending on the evaluation method) had an ASD, about 50% diagnosed with Autistic Disorder and the rest with PDD NOS. The children's baseline cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), and 8-dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC) levels, and cholesterol levels following supplementation did not correlate with the presence or severity of autistic symptoms. These results suggest that most children with SLOS have some variant of autism. SLOS appears to have the most consistent relationship with autism of any single gene disorder. Therefore, a link between cholesterol metabolism and autism is suggested. With further study, these findings, together with knowledge of the genetic and biochemical defects in SLOS, will likely provide valuable insights into the causes of autism in general. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Child Dev, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Rehabil Ctr, Doernbecher Mem Hosp Children, Portland, OR USA.
RP Sikora, DM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, POB 574, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
EM sikorad@ohsu.edu
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NR 28
TC 80
Z9 82
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4825
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 140A
IS 14
BP 1511
EP 1518
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31294
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 060KA
UT WOS:000238799900004
PM 16761297
ER

PT J
AU Gargus, JJ
AF Gargus, J. Jay
TI Ion channel functional candidate genes in multigenic neuropsychiatric
   disease
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE channelopathy; schizophrenia; autism; epilepsy; functional genomics;
   KCNN3
ID FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE; EPISODIC ATAXIA TYPE-2; FRONTAL-LOBE
   EPILEPSY; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION; ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL;
   MAJOR SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; CA2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS; AUTISM-SPECTRUM
   DISORDERS; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; CALCIUM-CHANNEL
AB Scores of monogenic Mendelian ion channel diseases serve to anchor the pathophysiology of the channelopathies, but there are also now clear examples of environmental, pharmacogenetic, and acquired channelopathy mechanisms. The cardinal feature of heritable ion channel disease is a periodic disturbance of rhythmic function in constitutionally hyperexcitable tissue. While the complexity of neuroanatomy obscures functional analysis of mutations causing monogenic seizure, ataxia, or migraine syndromes, extrapolation from the cardiac (Long QT [LQT]) and muscle (Periodic Paralysis) channelopathy syndromes provides a simplified predictive framework of molecular pathology electrically stabilizing potassium ion (K+) and chloride ion (Cl-) channels, likely having lesions that diminish their current, and excitatory Na+ channels, likely having gain-of-function lesions. The voltage-gated calcium channel gene family that contains CACNA1C, the newest LQT locus, causing Timothy Syndrome with a phenotype including autism, has proven to be particularly informative for its members' ability to tie the various central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes together in an interpretable fashion, now including direct extension to the classically multigenic neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Features of a promising ion channel candidate gene arise from its broad locus, gene family, nature of alleles, physiology and pharmacology, tissue expression profiled and phenotype in model organisms. KCNN3 is explored as a paradigm to consider.
C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol, Sec Human Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biophys, Sec Human Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Sec Human Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Gargus, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol, Sec Human Genet, 328 Sprague Bldg,839 Med Sci Court,Mail Code 4034, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM jjgargus@uci.edu
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NR 128
TC 40
Z9 43
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 2
BP 177
EP 185
DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.008
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 064PJ
UT WOS:000239101300011
PM 16497276
ER

PT J
AU Ramoz, N
   Reichert, JG
   Corwin, TE
   Smith, CJ
   Silverman, JM
   Hollander, E
   Buxbaum, JD
AF Ramoz, Nicolas
   Reichert, Jennifer G.
   Corwin, Thomas E.
   Smith, Christopher J.
   Silverman, Jeremy M.
   Hollander, Eric
   Buxbaum, Joseph D.
TI Lack of evidence for association of the serotonin transporter gene
   SLC6A4 with autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; 5-HTT; 5-HTTLPR; haplotype; obsessive-compulsive
   behaviors; transmission disequilibrium test
ID RIGID-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES;
   REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
   MOLECULAR-GENETICS; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; ADOLESCENT AUTISM; LINKAGE
   ANALYSIS
AB Background: The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) has long been considered likely to play a role in autism. hyperserotonemia has been consistently found in a proportion of autistic patients, and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can have a positive effect in treating some symptoms of autism. Specific variants of the 5-HTT gene, SLC6A4, especially the insertion-deletion 5-HTTLPR promoter locus, have been found to modulate its expression and transporter function.
   Methods. We examined the transmission of the short or long allele of 5-H7-TLPR locus to affected individuals, using a large cohort of 352 families. In addition, we screened five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SXPs) in the 5' region of SLC6A4 previously reported to be positively associated with autism, as well as 4 additional SNPs also in the 5' region.
   Results: No association of the 5-HTTLPR locus with autism was found. Furthermore, no evidence for association of any of the nine SNPs covering the SLC6A4 gene, or any (of their haplotypes, was observed in our study. Using obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OCB), severe OCBs or rigid- compulsive subsets of our cohort gave the same negative results.
   Conclusions. SLC6A4 variants do not appear to be significantly involved in the liability to autism.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Geriatr & Adult Dev, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Buxbaum, JD (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1668, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM Joseph.Buxbaum@mssm.edu
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NR 46
TC 32
Z9 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 2
BP 186
EP 191
DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.009
PG 6
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 064PJ
UT WOS:000239101300012
PM 16616719
ER

PT J
AU Delorme, R
   Durand, CM
   Betancur, C
   Wagner, M
   Ruhrmann, S
   Grabe, HJ
   Nygren, G
   Gillberg, C
   Leboyer, M
   Bourgeron, T
   Courtet, P
   Jollant, F
   Buresi, C
   Aubry, JM
   Baud, P
   Bondolfi, G
   Bertschy, G
   Perroud, N
   Malafosse, A
AF Delorme, Richard
   Durand, Christelle M.
   Betancur, Catalina
   Wagner, Michael
   Ruhrmann, Stephan
   Grabe, Hans-Juergen
   Nygren, Gudrun
   Gillberg, Christopher
   Leboyer, Marion
   Bourgeron, Thomas
   Courtet, Philippe
   Jollant, Fabrice
   Buresi, Catherine
   Aubry, Jean-Michel
   Baud, Patrick
   Bondolfi, Guido
   Bertschy, Gilles
   Perroud, Nader
   Malafosse, Alain
TI No human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene R441H mutation in a large cohort
   of psychiatric patients and control subjects
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene; unipolar major depression; major
   depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; autism spectrum disorder;
   obsessive-compulsive disorder
ID TPH2
AB Background: It was recently reported that a rare functional variant, R441H, in the human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene (hTPH2) could represent an important risk factor for unipolar major depression (UP) since it was originally found in 10916 of UP patients (vs. 1.4% in control subjects).
   Methods. We explored the occurrence of this variation in patients with affective disorders (n = 646), autism spectrum disorders (n = 224), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 201); in healthy volunteers with no psychiatric disorders (n = 246); and in an ethnic panel of control individuals from North Africa, Sub-Sabaran Africa, India, China, and Sweden (n = 2 77).
   Results: Surprisingly, we did not observe the R441H variant in any of the individuals screened (3188 independent chromosomes).
   Conclusions: Our results do not confirm the role of the R441H mutation of the bTPH2 gene in the susceptibility to UP. The absence of the variant from a large cohort of psychiatric patients and control subjects suggests that the findings reported in the original study could be due to a genotyping error or to stratification of the initial population reported. Additional data by other groups should contribute to the clarification of the discrepancy between our results and those previous published.
C1 Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France.
   Univ Paris 12, INSERM, U513, Creteil, France.
   Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
   Univ Cologne, Dept Psychiat, Cologne, Germany.
   Univ Greifwad, Dept Psychiat, Greifwad, Germany.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Hosp Montpellier, Dept Psychiat, Montpellier, France.
   INSERM, U361, Montpellier, France.
   Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Psychiat, Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Delorme, R (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, 25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France.
EM delorme@im3.inserm.fr
RI Wagner, Michael/E-2325-2011; Ruhrmann, Stephan/F-1461-2013
OI Ruhrmann, Stephan/0000-0002-6022-2364
CR Coon H, 2005, AM J MED GENET B, V135B, P42, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30168
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NR 4
TC 34
Z9 36
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 2
BP 202
EP 203
DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.014
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 064PJ
UT WOS:000239101300014
PM 16581035
ER

PT J
AU Song, EY
   VanDunk, C
   Kuddo, T
   Nelson, PG
AF Song, Eun Young
   VanDunk, Cassandra
   Kuddo, Thea
   Nelson, Phillip G.
TI Measurement of CGRP in dried blood spots using a modified sandwich
   enzyme immunoassay
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE EIA; CGRP; dried blood spot
ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; MEDULLARY-THYROID CARCINOMA; HUMAN CALCITONIN;
   ASSAY; EXPRESSION; AUTISM
AB Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and trophic factor. CGRP has been reported to be elevated in neonatal blood of children with autism or mental retardation as compared with normal subjects by recycling immuno-affinity chromatography (RIC). While CGRP detection in neonatal blood is thus important, it is not easy to detect CGRP in dried blood spots because of the limitations of sample volume and the specificity and the sensitivity of available assay systems. In the present study, we modified a "Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay" for the purpose of detecting CGRP in blood spot eluate. We have prepared blood spots from blood collected from normal human subjects and measured CGRP level in eluates from these blood spots. Instead of a purification step, we have introduced a pre-incubation step and used washed erythrocytes as a dilution solution. The modified assay has good recovery and specificity and appropriate dilution curves. We have compared the eluate levels with levels in serum and plasma from the same individuals and find that CGRP levels in blood spot eluate were similar to those of serum and plasma. Thus, the newly modified EIA may be a useful method for the detection of CGRP in blood spot eluate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Cell Biol Lab, Taejon 305600, South Korea.
RP Nelson, PG (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM nelsonp@mail.nih.gov
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NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0270
J9 J NEUROSCI METH
JI J. Neurosci. Methods
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 155
IS 1
BP 92
EP 97
DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.020
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 062IT
UT WOS:000238938500011
PM 16466803
ER

PT J
AU Kurita, H
AF Kurita, Hiroshi
TI Disorders of the autism spectrum
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TOTAL POPULATION;
   PREVALENCE; JAPAN; AREA
C1 Zenkoku Ryoiku Sodan Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620051, Japan.
RP Kurita, H (reprint author), Zenkoku Ryoiku Sodan Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, 2-2-8 Nishiwaseda, Tokyo 1620051, Japan.
EM hkurita@mvf.biglobe.ne.jp
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NR 14
TC 7
Z9 8
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 368
IS 9531
BP 179
EP 181
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69015-6
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 064MY
UT WOS:000239095000005
PM 16844468
ER

PT J
AU Baird, G
   Simonoff, E
   Pickles, A
   Chandler, S
   Loucas, T
   Meldrum, D
   Charman, T
AF Baird, Gillian
   Simonoff, Emily
   Pickles, Andrew
   Chandler, Susie
   Loucas, Tom
   Meldrum, David
   Charman, Tony
TI Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of
   children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP)
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Background Recent reports have suggested that the prevalence of autism and related spectrum disorders (ASDs) is substantially higher than previously recognised. We sought to quantify prevalence of ASDs in children in South Thames, UK.
   Methods Within a total population cohort of 56946 children aged 9-10 years, we screened all those with a current clinical diagnosis of ASD (n=255) or those judged to be at risk for being an undetected case (n=1515). A stratified subsample (n=255) received a comprehensive diagnostic assessment, including standardised clinical observation, and parent interview assessments of autistic symptoms, language, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Clinical consensus diagnoses of childhood autism and other ASDs were derived. We used a sample weighting procedure to estimate prevalence.
   Findings The prevalence of childhood autism was 38.9 per 10000 (95% CI 29.9-47.8) and that of other ASDs was 77.2 per 10000 (52.1-102.3), making the total prevalence of all AS Ds 116.1 per 10000 (90.4-141.8). A narrower definition of childhood autism, which combined clinical consensus with instrument criteria for past and current presentation, provided a prevalence of 24.8 per 10 000 (17.6-32.0). The rate of previous local identification was lowest for children of less educated parents.
   Interpretation Prevalence of autism and related ASDs is substantially greater than previously recognised. Whether the increase is due to better ascertainment, broadening diagnostic criteria, or increased incidence is unclear. Services in health, education, and social care will need to recognise the needs of children with some form of ASD, who constitute 1% of the child population.
C1 Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn, Newcomen Ctr, London, England.
   Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
   Univ Manchester, Div Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Biostat Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England.
   Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading, Berks, England.
   Chatswood Assessment Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
   UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London, England.
RP Baird, G (reprint author), Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England.
EM gillian.baird@gstt.nhs.uk
RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Simonoff, Emily/B-7593-2011; Charman,
   Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
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NR 29
TC 640
Z9 659
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 368
IS 9531
BP 210
EP 215
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 064MY
UT WOS:000239095000032
PM 16844490
ER

PT J
AU Bird, G
   Catmur, C
   Silani, G
   Frith, C
   Frith, U
AF Bird, Geoffrey
   Catmur, Caroline
   Silani, Giorgia
   Frith, Chris
   Frith, Uta
TI Attention does not modulate neural responses to social stimuli in autism
   spectrum disorders
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; fusiform face area; faces; attention; connectivity; DCM; fMRI
ID HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; ADULT HUMAN BRAINS;
   EVENT-RELATED FMRI; VISUAL-ATTENTION; VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION; SELECTIVE
   ATTENTION; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS
AB We investigated whether individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) would show attentional modulation for social (face) and non-social (house) stimuli. Sixteen individuals with ASD and 16 matched control participants completed a task in which pairs of face and house stimuli were present on every trial, with one of the pairs randomly assigned to attended locations and the other to unattended locations. Both mass-univariate (SPM) and region of interest analyses suggested that responses to houses were modulated by attention in both groups, but that only the control participants demonstrated attentional modulation of face-selective regions. Thus, the participants with ASD demonstrated a lack of attentional modulation which was particularly evident for the social stimulus. Analyses of effective connectivity indicated that these results were due to a failure of attention to modulate connectivity between extrastriate areas and V1. We discuss bow these results may suggest a mechanism to explain the reduced salience of social stimuli in ASD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   UCL, Wellcome Dept Imaging Neurosci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   Univ Milan, Dept Psychol, Milan, Italy.
RP Bird, G (reprint author), UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
EM g.bird@ucl.ac.uk
RI Frith, Chris/A-2171-2009; Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Catmur,
   Caroline/J-5413-2013
OI Frith, Chris/0000-0002-8665-0690; Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; 
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NR 54
TC 89
Z9 90
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 4
BP 1614
EP 1624
DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.037
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 059AC
UT WOS:000238704700020
PM 16616862
ER

PT J
AU Nataf, R
   Skorupka, C
   Amet, L
   Lam, A
   Springbett, A
   Lathe, R
AF Nataf, Robert
   Skorupka, Corinne
   Amet, Lorene
   Lam, Alain
   Springbett, Anthea
   Lathe, Richard
TI Porphyrinuria in childhood autistic disorder: Implications for
   environmental toxicity
SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger; porphyrin; mercury; pervasive developmental disorder
ID DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HEME
   BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; MERCURY EXPOSURE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; URINARY
   PORPHYRINS; LEAD-INTOXICATION; COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE;
   ASPERGERS-DISORDER; REFERENCE VALUES
AB To address a possible environmental contribution to autism, we carried out a retrospective study on urinary porphyrin levels, a biomarker of environmental toxicity, in 269 children with neurodevelopmental and related disorders referred to a Paris clinic (2002-2004), including 106 with autistic disorder. Urinary porphyrin levels determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were compared between diagnostic groups including internal and external control groups. Coproporphyrin levels were elevated in children with autistic disorder relative to control groups. Elevation was maintained on normalization for age or to a control herne pathway metabolite (uroporphyrin) in the same samples. The elevation was significant (P < 0.001). Porphyrin levels were unchanged in Asperger's disorder, distinguishing it from autistic disorder. The atypical molecule precoproporphyrin, aspecific indicator of heavy metal toxicity, was also elevated in autistic disorder (P < 0.001) but not significantly in Asperger's. A subgroup with autistic disorder was treated with oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with a view to heavy metal removal. Following DMISA there was a significant (P = 0.002) drop in urinary porphyrin excretion. These data implicate environmental toxicity in childhood autistic disorder. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Pieta Res, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, Midlothian, Scotland.
   Roslin Inst, Dept Stat, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland.
   Assoc ARIANCE, Clichy, France.
   Lab Philippe Auguste, Paris, France.
RP Lathe, R (reprint author), Pieta Res, POB 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM rlathe@pieta-research.org
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NR 80
TC 74
Z9 78
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0041-008X
J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM
JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
PD JUL 15
PY 2006
VL 214
IS 2
BP 99
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.04.008
PG 10
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 066FU
UT WOS:000239215900001
PM 16782144
ER

PT J
AU Ruiz-Opazo, N
   Tonkiss, J
AF Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson
   Tonkiss, John
TI Genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci influencing spatial
   navigation and social recognition memory in Dahl rats
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE genetics; Morris water maze; acquisition; spatial accuracy
ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MORRIS WATER MAZE; X-CHROMOSOME; CREB;
   INFORMATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; PERFORMANCE; SYNAPSES; LESIONS; SYSTEM
AB The genetic determinants of learning and memory have been difficult to unravel because of the complex inheritance of these forms of cognitive behavior encompassing multiple genetic and environmental factors. Indeed, genes that can account for strain and individual variations in learning and memory are largely unknown. Here we report a genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci ( QTLs) affecting spatial learning and memory and social recognition memory in an F-2 population derived from Dahl rats. We detected five QTLs on chromosomes 1, 8, 11, 17, and 20 affecting spatial acquisition performance and five QTLs on chromosomes 2, 3, 9, and 20 influencing spatial accuracy ( once information about the target location had been acquired). None of these QTLs overlap, indicating the existence of independent genetic determinants for these two distinct behavioral components of spatial navigation. Moreover, five QTLs affecting social recognition memory were detected, two on chromosome 9 and three on chromosome X. The chromosomal regions linked to social recognition memory performance in the rat are syntenic to regions that have been linked to autism in humans. Thus our results could have paradigmatic value in guiding the experimental investigation of similar pathways in genetic susceptibility to this disorder, which results in profound impairments in social behavior.
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, Dept Med,Sect Mol Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
   Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Behav Dev & Mental Retardat, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
RP Ruiz-Opazo, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Whitaker Cardiovasc Inst, Dept Med,Sect Mol Med, W609,700 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
EM nruizo@bu.edu
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   Vorstman JAS, 2006, MOL PSYCHIATR, V11, P18, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001757
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NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 1094-8341
J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS
JI Physiol. Genomics
PD JUL 12
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 2
BP 145
EP 151
DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2006
PG 7
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology
GA 063GX
UT WOS:000239007600006
PM 16837653
ER

PT J
AU Ward, P
   Ayvazo, S
AF Ward, Phillip
   Ayvazo, Shiri
TI Classwide peer tutoring in physical education: Assessing its effects
   with kindergartners with autism
SO ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Article
ID 5TH GRADE CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; STYLES
AB Researchers, textbooks authors, and educational policy makers recommend peer tutoring as an inclusion strategy for students with autism. However, there is little, if any, research supporting these recommendations in physical education. We assessed the effects of classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) in teaching catching skills to two typically developing peers and two children diagnosed with autism in kindergarten. A single subject withdrawal design assessed the effects of CWPT on total catches and correct catches. Results show that CWPT improved total and correct catches for the two students with autism. The results for the typically developing peers were mixed. These findings, while requiring further research, provide initial evidence to support CWPT as an inclusion strategy for children with autism in physical education.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Sport & Exercise Educ Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Ward, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sport & Exercise Educ Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM ward.116@osu.edu
RI Ward, Phillip/B-5937-2012
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA
SN 0736-5829
J9 ADAPT PHYS ACT Q
JI Adapt. Phys. Act. Q.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 23
IS 3
BP 233
EP 244
PG 12
WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences
SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences
GA 066LO
UT WOS:000239231300001
ER

PT J
AU Rode, D
AF Rode, Dorena
TI Are mercury amalgam fillings safe for children? An evaluation of recent
   research results
SO ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; DENTAL AMALGAM; EXPOSURE; POLYMORPHISM;
   AUTISM
AB Two recent clinical trials on the safety of amalgam fillings in children found no evidence of harmful effects from mercury-containing dental fillings after following children for 5-7 years. This review suggests the studies' results are limited by (1) sample sizes that were too small to allow detection of genetic variations in mercury toxicity at a rate of 1 in 100 or lower, (2) a lack of control for other sources of mercury, and (3) a population that may have been skewed by excluding children with autism during a time when autism was escalating due, in part, to increased frequency of thimerosal-containing vaccine use.
C1 EcoNugenics Inc, Res & Dev, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
RP Rode, D (reprint author), EcoNugenics Inc, Res & Dev, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
CR Bellinger DC, 2006, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V295, P1775, DOI 10.1001/jama.295.15.1775
   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2006, COMM AR AUT SPECTR D
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NR 11
TC 3
Z9 4
PU INNOVISION COMMUNICATIONS
PI ALISO VIEJO
PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA
SN 1078-6791
J9 ALTERN THER HEALTH M
JI Altern. Ther. Health Med.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 4
BP 16
EP 17
PG 2
WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine
SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine
GA 062EV
UT WOS:000238928300002
PM 16862738
ER

PT J
AU Magana, S
   Smith, MJ
AF Magana, Sandra
   Smith, Matthew J.
TI Psychological distress and well-being of Latina and non-Latina White
   mothers of youth and adults with an autism spectrum disorder: Cultural
   attitudes towards coresidence status
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Latina; culture; caregiving and well-being
ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PUERTO-RICAN;
   ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; CAREGIVER STRESS; HISPANIC HEALTH; DOWN-SYNDROME;
   CES-D; CHILDREN; FAMILIES
AB This article examined the emotional well-being of 108 Latina and non-Latina White mothers who were coresiding with a youth or adult with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It was hypothesized that Latina mothers would be more satisfied with coresidence than non-Latina White mothers, and that satisfaction with coresidence would mediate the relationship between ethnicity and outcomes. When controlling for demographic characteristics, non-Latina White mothers were more distressed and had lower levels of psychological well-being than Latina mothers. As hypothesized, satisfaction with coresidence mediated this difference. Qualitative analysis revealed that both groups of mothers valued family cohesion as a positive aspect of coresidence. However, Latina mothers were less likely to report negative aspects of coresidence than non-Latina White mothers.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Social Work, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Magana, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Social Work, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
EM MAGANA@waisman.wisc.edu
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NR 53
TC 19
Z9 19
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0002-9432
J9 AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Orthopsychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 76
IS 3
BP 346
EP 357
DI 10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.346
PG 12
WC Psychiatry; Social Work
SC Psychiatry; Social Work
GA 112WW
UT WOS:000242559600008
PM 16981813
ER

PT J
AU Anckarsater, H
   Stahlberg, O
   Larson, T
   Hakansson, C
   Jutblad, SB
   Niklasson, L
   Nyden, A
   Wentz, E
   Westergren, S
   Cloninger, CR
   Gillberg, C
   Rastam, M
AF Anckarsater, H
   Stahlberg, O
   Larson, T
   Hakansson, C
   Jutblad, SB
   Niklasson, L
   Nyden, A
   Wentz, E
   Westergren, S
   Cloninger, CR
   Gillberg, C
   Rastam, M
TI The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament,
   character, and personality development
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN;
   COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; TOTAL POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BORDERLINE;
   DIAGNOSIS; SIBLINGS; DEFICITS
AB Objective: The authors describe personality development and disorders in relation to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders.
   Method: Consecutive adults referred for neuropsychiatric investigation (N=240) were assessed for current and lifetime ADHD and autism spectrum disorders and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. In a subgroup of subjects (N=174), presence of axis II personality disorders was also assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II).
   Results: Patients with ADHD reported high novelty seeking and high harm avoidance. Patients with autism spectrum disorders reported low novelty seeking, low reward dependence, and high harm avoidance. Character scores (self-directedness and cooperativeness) were extremely low among subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating a high overall prevalence of personality disorders, which was confirmed with the SCIDII. Cluster B personality disorders were more common in subjects with ADHD, while cluster A and C disorders were more common in those with autism spectrum disorders. The overlap between DSM-IV personality disorder categories was high, and they seem less clinically useful in this context.
   Conclusions: ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are associated with specific temperament configurations and an increased risk of personality disorders and deficits in character maturation.
C1 Malmo Univ Hosp, Forens Psychiat Clin, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden.
   Gothenburg Univ, Dept Child Adolescent Psychiat, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Inst Psychol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
   NSwedish Natl Healthcare & Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
   Yorkhill Hosp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
   Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
RP Anckarsater, H (reprint author), Malmo Univ Hosp, Forens Psychiat Clin, Sege Pk 8A, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden.
EM henrik.anckarsater@skane.se
RI Anckarsater, Henrik/C-2244-2009; Cloninger, Claude/F-5357-2012
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NR 31
TC 101
Z9 102
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 7
BP 1239
EP 1244
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1239
PG 6
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 059CX
UT WOS:000238712000022
PM 16816230
ER

PT J
AU Haznedar, MM
   Buchsbaum, MS
   LiCalzi, EM
   Cartwright, C
   Hollander, E
AF Haznedar, MM
   Buchsbaum, MS
   LiCalzi, EM
   Cartwright, C
   Hollander, E
TI Volumetric analysis and three-dimensional glucose metabolic mapping of
   the striatum and thalamus in patients with autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN ANATOMY; MRI; CORTEX;
   PERFORMANCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CAUDATE; MEMORY; ADULTS
AB Objective: In patients with autism, behavioral deficits as well as neuroimaging studies of the anterior cingulate cortex suggest ventral rather than dorsal striatal and thalamic abnormalities in structure and function. The authors used imaging studies to map volumetric and metabolic differences within the entire dorsoventral extent of the striatum and thalamus.
   Method: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography ( PET) were used to measure volumes and metabolic activity in the thalamus, caudate, and putamen in 17 patients with autism or Asperger's disorder and 17 age- and sex-matched comparison subjects. Subjects performed a serial verbal learning test during the [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake period. The regions of interest were outlined on contiguous axial MRI slices. After PET/MRI coregistration, region-of-interest coordinates were applied to the PET scan for each individual. Between-group differences in metabolism were assessed by three-dimensional statistical probability mapping.
   Results: The patients with autism spectrum disorders had greater volumes of the right caudate nucleus than comparison subjects as well as a reversal of the expected left-greater-than-right hemispheric asymmetry. Patients also had lower relative glucose metabolic rates bilaterally in the ventral caudate, putamen, and thalamus. Patients with autism had lower metabolic activity in the ventral thalamus than those with Asperger's disorder, but they did not differ from comparison subjects in metabolic activity in the caudate nucleus.
   Conclusions: These results are consistent with a deficit in the anterior cingulate-ventral striatum-anterior thalamic pathway in patients with autism spectrum disorders. The results also suggest an important role for the caudate in helping support working-memory demands.
C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Haznedar, MM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustav L Levy Pl,Box 1505, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM mehmet.haznedar@mssm.edu
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NR 67
TC 72
Z9 74
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 7
BP 1252
EP 1263
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1252
PG 12
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 059CX
UT WOS:000238712000024
PM 16816232
ER

PT J
AU Kolevzon, A
   Weiser, M
   Gross, R
   Lubin, G
   Knobler, HY
   Schmeidler, J
   Silverman, JM
   Reichenberg, A
AF Kolevzon, A
   Weiser, M
   Gross, R
   Lubin, G
   Knobler, HY
   Schmeidler, J
   Silverman, JM
   Reichenberg, A
TI Effects of season of birth on autism spectrum disorders: Fact or
   fiction?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFANTILE-AUTISM
AB Objective: This study attempted to examine the relationship between month and season of birth and risk for autism spectrum disorders.
   Method: The cohort included all Jewish individuals born in Israel over 5 consecutive years (N=311,169) and assessed by the Israeli Draft Board as part of the mandatory assessment of eligibility for military service conducted at age 17. The outcome of autism spectrum disorders was ascertained from the Draft Board Medical Registry, which contains information about medical and psychiatric disorders for this population of adolescents.
   Results: There was no association between month or season of birth and the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders.
   Conclusions: The findings from this historical, population-based cohort study do not support an association between season of birth and autistic spectrum disorders.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
   Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA.
   Israel Def Forces, Med Corps, Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Reichenberg, A (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM avi.reichenberg@mssm.edu
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NR 11
TC 14
Z9 14
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 7
BP 1288
EP U3
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1288
PG 3
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 059CX
UT WOS:000238712000031
PM 16816239
ER

PT J
AU Hardan, AY
   Muddasani, S
   Vemulapalli, M
   Keshavan, MS
   Minshew, NJ
AF Hardan, AY
   Muddasani, S
   Vemulapalli, M
   Keshavan, MS
   Minshew, NJ
TI An MRI study of increased cortical thickness in autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAIN; SIZE; AGE
AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine cortical thickness in autism in light of the postmortem evidence of cortical abnormalities of the disorder.
   Method: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from 17 children with autism and 14 healthy comparison subjects, and sulcal and gyral thickness were measured for the total brain and for all lobes.
   Results: Increases in total cerebral sulcal and gyral thickness were observed in children with autism relative to comparison subjects. Similar findings were noted in the temporal and parietal lobes but not in the frontal and occipital lobes.
   Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that increased cortical thickness may contribute to the increased gray matter volume and total brain size that have been observed in autism and may also be related to anomalies in cortical connectivity.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Detroit, MI USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM hardanay@stanford.edu
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NR 12
TC 94
Z9 98
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 7
BP 1290
EP 1292
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1290
PG 3
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 059CX
UT WOS:000238712000032
PM 16816240
ER

PT J
AU Greenberg, JS
   Seltzer, MM
   Hong, JK
   Orsmond, GI
AF Greenberg, Jan S.
   Seltzer, Marsha Mailick
   Hong, Jinkuk
   Orsmond, Gael I.
TI Bidirectional effects of expressed emotion and behavior problems and
   symptoms in adolescents and adults with autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID SCHIZOPHRENIC YOUNG-ADULTS; SUBCLINICAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; INTELLECTUAL
   DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FAMILY DYNAMICS; CHILDREN;
   RELATIVES; DISORDERS; STABILITY; MOTHERS
AB Expressed emotion measures the emotional climate of the family and is predictive of symptom levels in a range of medical and psychiatric conditions. This study extends the investigation of the effects of expressed emotion to families of individuals with autism. A sample of 149 mothers co-residing with their adolescent or adult child with autism over an 18-month period was drawn from a large multiwave longitudinal study. High expressed emotion was related to increased levels of maladaptive behavior and more severe symptoms of autism over time. Also, characteristics of the son or daughter influenced levels of maternal expressed emotion over time. Although autism is a complex genetic disorder, the effect of the family environment in shaping the behavioral phenotype should not be underestimated.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Greenberg, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM greenberg@waisman.wisc.edu
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NR 70
TC 40
Z9 40
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 111
IS 4
BP 229
EP 249
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[229:BEOEEA]2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 064DG
UT WOS:000239068800001
PM 16792426
ER

PT J
AU Friedman, SD
   Shaw, DWW
   Artru, AA
   Dawson, G
   Petropoulos, H
   Dager, SR
AF Friedman, Seth D.
   Shaw, Dennis W. W.
   Artru, Alan A.
   Dawson, Geraldine
   Petropoulos, Helen
   Dager, Stephen R.
TI Gray and white matter brain chemistry in young children with autism
SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Meeting of the
   Electroencephalography-and-Clinical-Neuroscience-Society/International-S
   ociety-for-NeruoImaging-in-Psychiatry
CY OCT   01, 2004
CL San Diego, CA
SP Electroencephalog & Clin Neurosci Soc, Int Soc NeuroImaging Psychiatry
ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; INHIBITORY ARCHITECTURE;
   N-ACETYLASPARTATE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER;
   NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CELL MINICOLUMN; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; INDIVIDUALS
AB Context: The brain pathophysiological abnormalities underlying autism remain unclear. Neuroimaging and histological studies suggest cellular abnormalities early in the course of the disease.
   Objective: To measure the in vivo chemical profile of gray and white matter tissues in autism.
   Design: Cross-sectional spectroscopic imaging study comparing 3- to 4-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with age-matched comparison groups of children with delayed development (DD) and typical development (TD).
   Setting: The University of Washington Diagnostic Imaging Sciences Center, Seattle.
   Participants: Forty-five 3- to 4-year-old children with ASD, 12 age-matched children with DD, and 10 age-matched children with TD.
   Main Outcome Measures: Estimates of gray and white matter concentrations for choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine plus phosphocreatine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and myo-inositol (mI). Transverse relaxation times for Cho, creatine plus phosphocreatine, and NAA expressed relative to control subjects with TD were examined to evaluate tissue compactness.
   Results: The children with ASD demonstrated decreased gray matter concentrations of Cho (P <.001), creatine plus phosphocreatine (P=.02), NAA (P=.02), and mI (P=.008) compared with children with TD. Gray matter Cho transverse relaxation was also prolonged for the ASD sample compared with the TD group (P=. 01). The children with ASD demonstrated significantly decreased levels of Cho (P=. 04) and mI (P=. 008) and trend-level NAA (P=. 09) in gray matter compared with the DD group. For white matter, both children with ASD and children with DD showed a similar pattern of NAA and mI level decreases (for children with ASD vs children with TD: NAA, P=. 03; mI, P=. 04; for children with DD vs children with TD, NAA, P=. 03; mI, P=. 07). In several analyses, cerebral volume contributed significantly as a covariate.
   Conclusions: Reduced gray matter chemical concentrations and altered Cho transverse relaxation, in a pattern distinct from that in children with DD, suggest decreased cellularity, or density, at this early time point in ASD. Possibly reflecting shared developmental features, white matter results were common to ASD and DD groups. The relationship between cerebral volume and neurochemistry at this early time point may indicate processes related to unit scaling.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Friedman, SD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 1100 NE 45th St NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM sethf@u.washington.edu
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NR 53
TC 60
Z9 63
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 0003-990X
J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT
JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 7
BP 786
EP 794
DI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.786
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 059RJ
UT WOS:000238749600011
PM 16818868
ER

PT J
AU Legoff, DB
   Sherman, M
AF Legoff, Daniel B.
   Sherman, Michael
TI Long-term outcome of social skills intervention based on interactive
   LEGO (c) play
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic spectrum disorders; LEGO (c); therapy; social skills
ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN; AUTISM; COMPETENCE; DISORDERS
AB LEGO (c) building materials have been adapted as a therapeutic modality for increasing motivation to participate in social skills intervention, and providing a medium through which children with social and communication handicaps can effectively interact. A 3 year retrospective study of long-term outcome for autistic spectrum children participating in LEGO (c) therapy (N = 60) compared Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale socialization domain (VABS-SD) and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale social interaction subscale (GARS-SI) scores pre- and post-treatment with a matched comparison sample (N = 5 7) who received comparable non-LEGO (c) therapy. Although both groups made significant gains on the two outcome measures, LEGO (c) participants improved significantly more than the comparison subjects. Diagnosis and pre-treatment full-scale IQ scores did not predict outcome scores; however, Vineland adaptive behavior composite, Vineland communication domain, and verbal IQ all predicted outcome on the VABS-SD, especially for the LEGO (c) therapy group. Results are discussed in terms of implications for methods of social skills intervention for autistic spectrum disorders.
C1 Bancroft NeuroHlth, Haddonfield, NJ 08033 USA.
RP Legoff, DB (reprint author), Bancroft NeuroHlth, 425 Kings Highway E, Haddonfield, NJ 08033 USA.
EM dlegoff@aol.com
CR Bimbrauer J. S., 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P63
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NR 22
TC 15
Z9 15
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 317
EP 329
DI 10.1177/1362361306064403
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900002
PM 16908476
ER

PT J
AU Siaperas, P
   Beadle-Brown, J
AF Siaperas, Panagiotis
   Beadle-Brown, Julie
TI A case study of the use of a structured teaching approach in adults with
   autism in a residential home in Greece
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE adults; autism; Greece; residential home; structured teaching; TEACCH
ID CHILDREN; PROGRAM
AB In November 2001, the Greek Society for the Protection of Autistic People (GSPAP) established the first residence for people with autism in Greece, following the guidelines of structured teaching and the TEACCH method with all 12 of the residents. Using interview questionnaires and systematic naturalistic observations, this case study explored the effectiveness of the training programme in the residence for the 12 adolescents and adults with autism, who had never received any other intervention or training. The instruments used for the evaluation were the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and structured observations. The categories evaluated were personal independence, social abilities and functional communication. After a period of 6 months the results showed significant progress in these three areas of functioning for all of the residents. The implications of the results in particular for further research and service development in Greece are discussed.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Sect Dev Psychiat, Learning Disabil Res Grp, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
   Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England.
RP Siaperas, P (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Sect Dev Psychiat, Learning Disabil Res Grp, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM panagiotis.siaperas@gmail.com
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 330
EP 343
DI 10.1177/1362361306064433
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900003
PM 16908477
ER

PT J
AU Pine, E
   Luby, J
   Abbacchi, A
   Constantino, JN
AF Pine, Elyse
   Luby, Joan
   Abbacchi, Anna
   Constantino, John N.
TI Quantitative assessment of autistic symptomatology in preschoolers
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; PDD-NOS; preschool; risperidone; Social Responsiveness Scale
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR;
   DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; RISPERIDONE; TRAITS; SCALE; TERM
AB Given a growing emphasis on early intervention for children with autism, valid quantitative tools for measuring treatment response are needed. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a brief (15-20 minute) quantitative measure of autistic traits in 4- to 18-year-olds, for which a version for 3-year-olds was recently developed. We obtained serial SRS measurements on 73 preschool children with (n = 51) and without (n = 22) autism spectrum conditions. Inter-rater reliability (mothers and teachers) and test-retest reliability were of the order of 0.75 (Pearson's r). There was substantial agreement between SRS scores and (1) the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite (Pearson's r = -0.86) and (2) scores for social impairment on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (r = 0.63). Overall, quantitative autistic trait scores tended to improve over time in preschoolers, irrespective of treatment conditions. We conclude that it is possible to obtain reliable quantitative measurements of autistic social impairment in preschoolers, suitable for assessing treatment response.
C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
RP Constantino, JN (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 660 S Euclid Ave,Campus Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
EM constantino@wustl.edu
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   Spiker D, 2002, AM J MED GENET, V114, P129, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.10188
NR 14
TC 33
Z9 33
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 344
EP 352
DI 10.1177/1362361306064434
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900004
PM 16908478
ER

PT J
AU Palermo, MT
   Pasqualetti, P
   Barbati, G
   Intelligente, F
   Rossini, PM
AF Palermo, Mark T.
   Pasqualetti, Patrizio
   Barbati, Giulia
   Intelligente, Fabio
   Rossini, Paolo Maria
TI Recognition of schematic facial displays of emotion in parents of
   children with autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; broader autism phenotype; emotion perteption; facial displays
ID 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS;
   DEMOGRAPHIC-VARIABLES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; FAMILY HISTORY; EXPRESSIONS;
   PERCEPTION; FACES; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE
AB Performance on an emotional labeling task in response to schematic facial patterns representing five basic emotions without the concurrent presentation of a verbal category was investigated in 40 parents of children with autism and 40 matched controls. 'Autism fathers' performed worse than 'autism mothers', who performed worse than controls in decoding displays representing sadness or disgust. This indicates the need to include facial expression decoding tasks in genetic research of autism. In addition, emotional expression interactions between parents and their children with autism, particularly through play, where affect and prosody are 'physiologically' exaggerated, may stimulate development of social competence. Future studies could benefit from a combination of stimuli including photographs and schematic drawings, with and without associated verbal categories. This may allow the subdivision of patients and relatives on the basis of the amount of information needed to understand and process social-emotionally relevant information.
C1 Ctr Med Parioli, I-00197 Rome, Italy.
   Assoc Fatebenefratelli La Ricerca, Rome, Italy.
RP Palermo, MT (reprint author), Ctr Med Parioli, Via Pietro Tacchini 24, I-00197 Rome, Italy.
EM marktpalermo@virgilio.it
RI Pasqualetti, Patrizio/D-4496-2013; Rossini, Paolo /D-4994-2013; Barbati,
   Giulia/N-8418-2014
OI Rossini, Paolo /0000-0003-2665-534X; 
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NR 53
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 353
EP 364
DI 10.1177/1362361306064431
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900005
PM 16908479
ER

PT J
AU Beaumont, R
   Newcombe, P
AF Beaumont, Renae
   Newcombe, Peter
TI Theory of mind and central coherence in adults with high-functioning
   autism or Asperger syndrome
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; central coherence; high-functioning autism; theory of
   mind
ID READING TEST; STORY CHARACTERS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; TASK;
   INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; COMPETENCE; ABILITIES; CONTEXT
AB The study investigated theory of mind and central coherence abilities in adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger syndrome (AS) using naturalistic tasks. Twenty adults with HTA/AS correctly answered significantly fewer theory of mind questions than 20 controls on a forced-choice response task. On a narrative task, there were no differences in the proportion of mental state words between the two groups, although the participants with HFA/AS were less inclined to provide explanations for characters' mental states. No between-group differences existed on the central coherence questions of the forced-choice response task, and the participants with HTA/AS included an equivalent proportion of explanations for non-mental state phenomena in their narratives as did controls. These results support the theory of mind deficit account of autism spectrum disorders, and suggest that difficulties in mental state attribution cannot be exclusively attributed to weak central coherence.
C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Beaumont, R (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM renae@psy.uq.edu.au
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NR 46
TC 20
Z9 22
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 365
EP 382
DI 10.1177/1362361306064416
PG 18
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900006
PM 16908480
ER

PT J
AU Meyer, JA
   Mundy, PC
   Van Hecke, AV
   Durcicher, JS
AF Meyer, Jessica A.
   Mundy, Peter C.
   Van Hecke, Amy Vaughan
   Durcicher, Jennifer Stella
TI Social attribution processes and comorbid psychiatric symptoms in
   children with Asperger syndrome
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; comorbid symptoms; social information processing
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SCHIZOID PERSONALITY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
   CONDUCT DISORDER; AGGRESSIVE BOYS; AUTISM; MIND; ADOLESCENTS;
   MECHANISMS; CHILDHOOD
AB The factors that place children with Asperger syndrome at risk for comorbid psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, remain poorly understood. We investigated the possibility that the children's emotional and behavioral difficulties are associated with social information and attribution processing. Participants were children with either Asperger syndrome (n = 31) or typical development (n = 33). To assess social information and attribution processing, children responded to hypothetical social vignettes. They also completed self-report measures of social difficulties and psychological functioning. Their parents provided information on social competence and clinical presentation. Children with Asperger syndrome showed poor psychosocial adjustment, which was related to their social information and attribution processing patterns. Cognitive and social-cognitive abilities were associated with aspects of social information processing tendencies, but not with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Results suggest that the comorbid symptoms of children with Asperger syndrome may be associated with their social perception, understanding, and experience.
C1 Tavistock Clin, London NW3 5BA, England.
   UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, London NW3 5BA, England.
   Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Meyer, JA (reprint author), Tavistock Clin, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, England.
EM Jessica.Meyer@ucl.ac.uk
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NR 75
TC 52
Z9 53
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 383
EP 402
DI 10.1177/1362361306064435
PG 20
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900007
PM 16908481
ER

PT J
AU Jennes-Coussens, M
   Magill-Evans, J
   Koning, C
AF Jennes-Coussens, Marieke
   Magill-Evans, Joyce
   Koning, Cyndie
TI The quality of life of young men with Asperger syndrome - A brief report
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; quality of life; social support; young adults
ID WHOQOL-BREF; AUTISM; POPULATION; CHILDREN; ADULTS
AB Factors influencing quality of life for persons with Asperger syndrome are not yet understood. Men, ages 18 to 21, completed the World Health Organization Quality Of Life measure, the Perceived Support Network Inventory, and a semi-structured interview, Asperger syndrome affects quality of life beyond the obvious social impact. The 12 men with Asperger syndrome reported a significantly lower social and physical quality of life than did the 13 men in the control group. Education, living arrangements, and number of friends were remarkably similar between groups. Those with Asperger syndrome had less positive employment experiences and showed more preference for solitary activities. Interventions need to be based on a holistic model.
C1 Univ Alberta, Fac Rehabil Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.
   Artevelde Hogesch Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
   Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
RP Magill-Evans, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Fac Rehabil Med, Room 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada.
EM joyce.magill-evans@ualberta.ca
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NR 40
TC 42
Z9 42
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 403
EP 414
DI 10.1177/1362361306064432
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900008
PM 16908482
ER

PT J
AU Williams, J
   Allison, C
   Scott, F
   Stott, C
   Bolton, P
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Brayne, C
AF Williams, Jo
   Allison, Carrie
   Scott, Fiona
   Stott, Carol
   Bolton, Patrick
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
   Brayne, Carol
TI The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) - Test-retest reliability
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; autism; childhood screening; pervasive developmental
   disorder; reliability
ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; FUNCTIONING AUTISM;
   QUESTIONNAIRE; AGREEMENT
AB The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) is a 37-item parental self-completion questionnaire to screen for autism spectrum conditions in research. Good test accuracy was demonstrated in studies with primary school aged children in mainstream schools. The aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the CAST. Parents of 1000 children in years 1-6 in five mainstream primary schools in Cambridgeshire received the CAST. A second identical questionnaire was posted to respondents after approximately 2 weeks. Both mailings generated 136 responses. Agreement above and below a screening cut-point of 15 was investigated. The kappa statistic for agreement (< 15 versus >= 15) was 0.70, and 97 percent (95 percent CI: 93-99 percent) of children did not move across the cut-point of 15. The correlation between the two test scores was 0.83 (Spearman's rho). The CAST has shown good test-retest reliability, and now requires further investigation in a high-scoring sample.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB2 2SR, England.
RP Williams, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Forvie Site,Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2SR, England.
EM j.g.williams.97@cantab.net
RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010
OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262
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NR 12
TC 24
Z9 25
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 4
BP 415
EP 427
DI 10.1177/1362361306066612
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 068RA
UT WOS:000239390900009
PM 16908483
ER

PT J
AU Ferreri, SJ
   Tamm, L
   Wier, KG
AF Ferreri, SJ
   Tamm, L
   Wier, KG
TI Using food aversion to decrease severe pica by a child with autism
SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE pica; food aversion; autism
ID OVERCORRECTION
AB Food aversion was shown to be effective in the reduction of plastic pica by a 4-year-old boy with autism. The participant was suffering from digestive complications due to the ingestion of plastic from a variety of toys. The intervention was initially conducted in the child's preschool classroom during instructional periods and was systematically generalized to the entire preschool classroom, and eventually to both classrooms within the preschool and across 25 teachers. The success of the intervention in decreasing pica was enhanced by its achievement in not reducing interactions with toys, considering appropriate play skills were a target goal.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Special Educ & Appl Behav Anal Doctoral Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Ferreri, SJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Special Educ & Appl Behav Anal Doctoral Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
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NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0145-4455
J9 BEHAV MODIF
JI Behav. Modificat.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 30
IS 4
BP 456
EP 471
DI 10.1177/0145445504272970
PG 16
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 053EV
UT WOS:000238289300005
PM 16723425
ER

PT J
AU Tarbox, RSF
   Ghezzi, PM
   Wilson, G
AF Tarbox, Rachel S. F.
   Ghezzi, Patrick M.
   Wilson, Ginger
TI The effects of token reinforcement on attending in a young child with
   autism
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYPERACTIVE-CHILDREN; FIXED-RATIO; ECONOMY; SCHEDULES; BEHAVIOR
AB The benefits of token economies have been widely established, however there are very few empirical studies on the effects of token reinforcement on the behavior of young children with autism. The establishment of conditioned reinforcers such as tokens may be important in interventions for children with autism. Token reinforcement was used to increase the attending behavior of a young child with autism during discrete trials instruction for academic and communication skills. A reversal design showed that token reinforcement sustained attending only when the back-up reinforcer was available and was accessed immediately. The results extend and corroborate findings on token reinforcement reported in other applied settings and are also consistent with findings from basic research on conditioned reinforcement. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Ctr Autism & Related Disorders Inc, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA.
   Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Tarbox, RSF (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders Inc, 19019 Ventura Blvd, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA.
EM r.tarbox@centerforautism.com
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NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 3
BP 155
EP 164
DI 10.1002/bin.213
PG 10
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 068CG
UT WOS:000239348800001
ER

PT J
AU Arntzen, E
   Tonnessen, IR
   Brouwer, G
AF Arntzen, Erik
   Tonnessen, Ingvil Ro
   Brouwer, Grete
TI Reducing aberrant verbal behavior by building a repertoire of rational
   verbal behavior
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ABA Convention 2004
CY 2004
CL Boston, MA
SP ABA
ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; BIZARRE SPEECH; PSYCHOTIC SPEECH; REINFORCEMENT;
   SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILD
AB The purpose of the present study was to train different verbal classes in a 44-year-old woman to reduce aberrant verbal behavior. She had been hospitalized for 22 years in different psychiatric institutions, and has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, developmental disabilities, non-organic psychosis, and autism. Assessment of her verbal behavior showed that a small amount was adequate verbal behavior, whereas almost the entire repertoire of verbal behavior could be characterized as aberrant verbal behavior ('psychotic' and repetitive verbal behavior), and this behavior was maintained by social reinforcement such as smiles, various comments from other persons. The treatment program was based on results from the assessment results and was focused on establishing relationships between a variety of verbal response responses and proper controlling variables. She was trained to produce different verbal classes, mainly mand, tact, intraverbal, textual, transcription, and dictation responses. The duration of aberrant verbal behavior and the rate of 'Psychotic' verbal behavior were gradually reduced as a function of an increasing number of adequate verbal responses. In the study, we present data covering a very long period; the last data point was acquired 25 months after the start of the program. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Akershus Univ Coll, N-2001 Lillestrom, Norway.
   Community Based Serv, Kristiansand, Norway.
RP Arntzen, E (reprint author), Akershus Univ Coll, POB 423, N-2001 Lillestrom, Norway.
EM erik.arntzen@equivalence.net
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NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 3
BP 177
EP 193
DI 10.1002/bin.220
PG 17
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 068CG
UT WOS:000239348800003
ER

PT J
AU O'Reilly, MF
   Edrisinha, C
   Sigafoos, J
   Lancioni, G
   Andrews, A
AF O'Reilly, Mark F.
   Edrisinha, Chaturi
   Sigafoos, Jeff
   Lancioni, Giulio
   Andrews, Alonzo
TI Isolating the evocative and abative effects of an establishing operation
   on challenging behavior
SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-INJURY; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; INTERVENTION;
   ASSESSMENTS; REFINEMENTS; AGGRESSION; ATTENTION; ESCAPE
AB Establishing operations (EO) influence operant responding by altering the reinforcing effectiveness of consequences (reinforcer establishing or abolishing effect) and changing the frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by those consequences in the past (evocative or abative effect) (Michael, 1982, 1993). In this study we attempted to isolate the evocative and abative effects of an EO for positively reinforced challenging behavior with a person with autism and developmental disabilities. The study consisted of three phases. First, an analogue functional analysis identified attention as maintaining challenging behavior. Second, access to attention was systematically controlled (continuous access versus no access) immediately prior to functional analysis sessions in which the participant received attention on an FR1 schedule. Results of this phase indicated that challenging behavior occurred at higher levels during the functional analysis sessions when access to attention was restricted immediately prior to sessions (i.e., no access appeared to function as an EO). In the third phase, prior access to attention was again controlled as in the second phase of the study, however the participant was then placed on extinction. The results of this final phase seem to indicate that no access to the reinforcer prior to extinction had an evocative effect (produced high levels of responding) whereas access to the reinforcer had an abative effect (produced lower levels of responding) during extinction sessions. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy.
   Autism Treatment Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA.
RP O'Reilly, MF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn,D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM markoreilly@mail.utexas.edu
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NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1072-0847
J9 BEHAV INTERVENT
JI Behav. Intervent.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 3
BP 195
EP 204
DI 10.1002/bin.215
PG 10
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 068CG
UT WOS:000239348800004
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, S
   Morris, J
AF Anderson, Stephen
   Morris, Jane
TI Cognitive behaviour therapy for people with Asperger syndrome
SO BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; cognitive behaviour therapy
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; LIFELONG
   ECCENTRICITY; SOCIAL-ISOLATION; PRIMARY-CARE; AUTISM; DISORDERS; MIND;
   DEPRESSION; ANXIETY
AB People with Asperger syndrome (AS) appear to have higher than expected rates of co-morbid psychiatric disorder. The main co-morbid diagnoses are anxiety disorders and depression, but eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, substance abuse and bipolar affective disorder have all been reported. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is used effectively to treat these conditions, so could it be used in people who also have Asperger syndrome? This paper reviews important components and characteristics of cognitive behaviour therapy in relation to its use with people who have Asperger syndrome with reference to the relevant literature and to feedback from people with AS. The use of CBT in people with Asperger syndrome appears promising, but further work is needed to evaluate its effectiveness and to examine which particular aspects of therapy are helpful.
C1 Learning Disabil Serv, Lothian Primary Care, Edinburgh EH10 5NQ, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Anderson, S (reprint author), Learning Disabil Serv, Lothian Primary Care, 65 Morningside Dr, Edinburgh EH10 5NQ, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM stephen.anderson@lpct.scot.nhs.uk
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NR 56
TC 22
Z9 23
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1352-4658
J9 BEHAV COGN PSYCHOTH
JI Behav. Cognit. Psychther.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 3
BP 293
EP 303
DI 10.1017/S1352465805002651
PG 11
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 070FC
UT WOS:000239504700004
ER

PT J
AU Edwards, MJ
AF Edwards, Marshall J.
TI Review: Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE hyperthermia; influenza; fever; pregnancy; prenatal death; birth
   defects; behavioral problems
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PRENATAL HEAT-STRESS; POSTIMPLANTATION RAT EMBRYOS;
   MATURE GUINEA-PIGS; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; MATERNAL HYPERTHERMIA; BRAIN
   GROWTH; GESTATIONAL HYPERTHERMIA; CONGENITAL DEFECTS; FEBRILE ILLNESSES
AB An episode of hyperthermia is not uncommon during pregnancy. The consequences depend on the extent of temperature elevation, its duration, and the stage of development when it occurs. Mild exposures during the preimplantation period and more severe exposures during embryonic and fetal development often result in prenatal death and abortion. Hyperthermia also causes a wide range of structural and functional defects. The central nervous system (CNS) is most at risk probably because it cannot compensate for the loss of prospective neurons by additional divisions by the surviving neuroblasts and it remains at risk at stages throughout pre- and postnatal life. In experimental animals the most common defects are of the neural tube, microphthalmia, cataract, and micrencephaly, with associated functional and behavioral problems. Defects of craniofacial development including clefts, the axial and appendicular skeleton, the body wall, teeth, and heart are also commonly found. Nearly all these defects have been found in human epidemiological studies following maternal fever or hyperthermia during pregnancy. Suggested future human studies include problems of CNS function after exposure to influenza and fever, including mental retardation, schizophrenia, autism, and cerebral palsy.
C1 Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
RP Edwards, MJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, 512-88 Vista St, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
EM marshed@tpg.com.au
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NR 126
TC 69
Z9 72
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 76
IS 7
BP 507
EP 516
DI 10.1002/bdra.20277
PG 10
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 080SY
UT WOS:000240269700001
PM 16933304
ER

PT J
AU Caron, MJ
   Mottron, L
   Berthiaume, C
   Dawson, M
AF Caron, MJ
   Mottron, L
   Berthiaume, C
   Dawson, M
TI Cognitive mechanisms, specificity and neural underpinnings of
   visuospatial peaks in autism
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; visuospatial peak; occipital cortex; parvocellular pathway;
   magnocellular pathway
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BLOCK DESIGN TASK; VISUAL-SEARCH; ENHANCED
   DISCRIMINATION; CENTRAL COHERENCE; PERCEPTION; CHILDREN; MEMORY;
   PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUALS
AB In order to explain the cognitive and cerebral mechanisms responsible for the visuospatial peak in autism, and to document its specificity to this condition, a group of eight high-functioning individuals with autism and a visuospatial peak (HFA-P) performed a modified block-design task (BDT; subtest from Wechsler scales) at various levels of perceptual cohesiveness, as well as tasks tapping visuomotor speed, global perception, visual memory, visual search and speed of visual encoding. Their performance was compared with that of 8 autistics without a visuospatial peak (HFA-NP), 10 typically developing individuals (TD) and 8 gifted comparison participants with a visuospatial peak (TD-P). Both HFA-P and HFA-NP groups presented with diminished detrimental influence of increasing perceptual coherence compared with their BDT-matched comparison groups. Neither autistic group displayed a deficit in construction of global representations. The HFA-P group showed no differences in performance level or profile in comparison with the gifted BDT-matched [i.e. higher full-scale IQ (FSIQ)] group, apart from locally oriented perception. Diminished detrimental influence of perceptual coherence on BDT performance is both sensitive and specific to autism, and superior low-level processing interacts with locally oriented bias to produce outstanding BDT performance in a subgroup of autistic individuals. Locally oriented processing, enhanced performance in multiple tasks relying on detection of simple visual material and enhanced discrimination of first-order gratings converge towards an enhanced functioning and role of the primary visual cortex (V1) in autism. In contrast, superior or typical performance of autistics in tasks requiring global processing is inconsistent with the global-deficit-driven Weak Central Coherence hypothesis and its neurobiological magnocellular deficit counterpart.
C1 Hop Riviere des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Autisme, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   Univ Quebec, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
   Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
RP Mottron, L (reprint author), Hop Riviere des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Troubles Envahissants Dev, 7070 Boul Perras, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada.
EM mottronl@istar.ca
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NR 67
TC 110
Z9 111
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 129
BP 1789
EP 1802
DI 10.1093/brain/awl072
PN 7
PG 14
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 059VV
UT WOS:000238761200021
PM 16597652
ER

PT J
AU Hattori, J
   Ogino, T
   Abiru, K
   Nakano, K
   Oka, M
   Ohtsuka, Y
AF Hattori, J
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   Ohtsuka, Y
TI Are pervasive developmental disorders and
   attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder distinct disorders?
SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; pervasive development
   disorders
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; CHILDREN; AUTISM
AB We studied the relationship between patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), using the High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and ADHD Rating Scale-IV. The ASSQ scores of the PDD group and the ADHD group were significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, the PDD group scored higher than the ADHD group. Both groups also showed higher scores than the control group in all three domains, that is, restricted and repetitive behavior, social interaction, and communication problem. The PDD and the ADHD group showed no significant difference in the domains of communication problem, and restricted and repetitive behavior. The PDD group had a higher score than the ADHD group only in the social interaction domain. In total score, inattention score, and hyperactivity/impulsivity score on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, both groups were significantly higher than the control group. Between the ADHD and the PDD groups, there was no significant difference in the three scores. The patients with strictly diagnosed ADHD had many PDD-related symptoms, and the patients with PDD had many ADHD-related symptoms. It therefore seems difficult to make a distinction between ADHD and PDD by using the present diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV. We should evaluate each patient in terms of both sets of criteria. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Child Neurol, Okayama 7008558, Japan.
RP Hattori, J (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent, Dept Child Neurol, Shikata Cho 2-5-1, Okayama 7008558, Japan.
EM yrr01652@nifty.com
CR Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C
   American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 13
TC 38
Z9 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0387-7604
J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN
JI Brain Dev.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 28
IS 6
BP 371
EP 374
DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2005.11.009
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 048GT
UT WOS:000237936300006
PM 16504439
ER

PT J
AU Sabbagh, MA
   Moses, LJ
   Shiverick, S
AF Sabbagh, Mark A.
   Moses, Louis J.
   Shiverick, Sean
TI Executive functioning and preschoolers' understanding of false beliefs,
   false photographs, and false signs
SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID INHIBITORY CONTROL; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDRENS THEORY;
   WORKING-MEMORY; MIND; AUTISM; REPRESENTATIONS; DECEPTION; REALITY;
   ABILITY
AB Two studies were conducted to investigate the specificity of the relationship between preschoolers' emerging executive functioning skills and false belief understanding. Study 1 (N=44) showed that 3- to 5-year-olds' performance on an executive functioning task that required selective suppression of actions predicted performance on false belief tasks, but not on false photograph tasks. Study 2 (N=54) replicated the finding from Study 1 and showed that performance on the executive functioning task also predicted 3- to 5-year-olds' performance on false sign tasks. These findings show that executive functioning is required to reason only about representations that are intended to reflect a true state of affairs. Results are discussed with respect to theories of preschoolers' theory-of-mind development.
C1 Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
   Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
RP Sabbagh, MA (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
EM sabbagh@post.queensu.ca
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NR 43
TC 64
Z9 65
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0009-3920
J9 CHILD DEV
JI Child Dev.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 77
IS 4
BP 1034
EP 1049
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00917.x
PG 16
WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 066UU
UT WOS:000239256400014
PM 16942504
ER

PT J
AU Maughan, B
   Carroll, J
AF Maughan, Barbara
   Carroll, Julia
TI Literacy and mental disorders
SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE comorbidity; dyslexia; mental disorders
ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY
   DISORDER; READING-DISABILITY; COMORBIDITY; DYSLEXIA; CHILDREN;
   ACHIEVEMENT; HYPERLEXIA; CHILDHOOD; PRESCHOOL
AB This review examines recent evidence on the comorbidity between literacy problems and psychiatric disorder in childhood and,discusses possible contributory factors.
   Recent studies confirm the substantial overlap of literacy problems with a range of emotional/behavioural difficulties in childhood. Literacy problems and inattention may share genetic influences, contributing to associations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. To an extent; links with conduct problems may be also mediated by attentional difficulties. In addition, findings suggest bidirectional influences whereby disruptive behaviours impede reading progress and reading failure exacerbates risk for behaviour problems. Associations between literacy problems and anxiety disorders are not entirely mediated by inattentiveness. Rather, comorbid anxiety disorders seem likely to arise from the stressors associated with reading failure. Findings in relation to depression are less consistent, but suggest that poor readers may be vulnerable to low mood. Children with autism seem more likely to face problems in reading comprehension than the decoding difficulties more prominent in other disorders.
   Literacy problems are associated with increased risks of both externalizing and internalizing disorders in childhood, with different mechanisms likely to be implicated in each case. When comorbid problems occur, each is likely to require separate treatment.
C1 Kings Coll, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England.
   Univ Warwick, Dept Psychol, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Maughan, B (reprint author), Kings Coll, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Box PO46, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM b.maughan@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Carroll, Julia/D-6259-2011
OI Carroll, Julia/0000-0002-3614-6883
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NR 31
TC 28
Z9 29
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0951-7367
J9 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR
JI Curr. Opin. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 4
BP 350
EP 354
DI 10.1097/01.yco.0000228752.79990.41
PG 5
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 060KM
UT WOS:000238801100002
PM 16721162
ER

PT J
AU Volkmar, FR
   Wiesner, LA
   Westphal, A
AF Volkmar, Fred R.
   Wiesner, Lisa A.
   Westphal, Alexander
TI Healthcare issues for children on the autism spectrum
SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; healthcare; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; screening
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   ASSOCIATION; MEASLES; RISPERIDONE; VACCINE; MUMPS; TRIAL; NEEDS
AB We provide a summary of issues relevant to healthcare and health delivery in autism and related disorders, with a focus on work published in the past 5 years.
   Autism has a strong genetic basis as evidenced by the high recurrence rate in families and its associations with Fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis. Early diagnosis of autism is important, given the potential for improvement with intervention. Although its associations have been reported with events such as measles-mumps-rubella immunization, large-scale studies have not supported, such links. Controlled drug trials have increased in frequency and drug treatment may be helpful in addressing frequently associated behavioural and emotional difficulties. Alternative treatments are frequently preferred by parents.
   Knowledge of autism among healthcare professionals has increased but gaps remain. Physicians and other professionals can facilitate the delivery of healthcare services to individuals with autism. Awareness of empirically validated treatments will facilitate work with individuals with autism and related disorders as well as with their families.
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM fred.volkmar@yale.edu
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NR 55
TC 10
Z9 10
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0951-7367
J9 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR
JI Curr. Opin. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 4
BP 361
EP 366
DI 10.1097/01.yco.0000228754.64743.66
PG 6
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 060KM
UT WOS:000238801100004
PM 16721164
ER

PT J
AU Baird, G
   Robinson, RO
   Boyd, S
   Charman, T
AF Baird, Gillian
   Robinson, Richard O.
   Boyd, Stuart
   Charman, Tony
TI Sleep electroencephalograms in young children with autism with and
   without regression
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LANDAU-KLEFFNER-SYNDROME; SLOW-WAVE
   SLEEP; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EEG ABNORMALITIES; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT;
   LANGUAGE REGRESSION; CHILDHOOD; SEIZURES; EPILEPSY
AB A link has been postulated between regressive autism and the spectrum of epileptic encephalopathic conditions including Landau-Kleffner syndrome with the suggestion that subclinical epilepsy may be causative of regression in autism. This is an audit of investigation using sleep electroencephalograms (EEG) in 64 children (56 males, 8 females; mean age 35.6mo [SD 8.2mo]; range 18-48mo) with autism. No child had a history suggestive of epilepsy. Thirty-nine of the children presented with regressive autism and 20 of the participants showed some epileptiform abnormality. There was no significant difference in epileptiform activities in those who showed regression compared with those who did not. No child showed electrical status epilepticus with continuous spike-wave discharges in slow sleep. There was no evidence that these cases of autism with and without regression were associated with epileptic encephalopathy. The significance of epileptiform discharges without epilepsy in the sleep EEG in autism remains unknown.
C1 Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, London SE1 9RT, England.
   Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England.
   UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Sci Unit, London, England.
RP Baird, G (reprint author), Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, St Thomas St, London SE1 9RT, England.
EM Gillian.Baird@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk
RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014
OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549
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NR 46
TC 27
Z9 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 7
BP 604
EP 608
DI 10.1017/S0012162206001265
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 064ZB
UT WOS:000239128100013
PM 16780632
ER

PT J
AU Humphrey, A
   Neville, BGR
   Clarke, A
   Bolton, PF
AF Humphrey, Ayla
   Neville, Brian G. R.
   Clarke, Antonia
   Bolton, Patrick F.
TI Autistic regression associated with seizure onset in an infant with
   tuberous sclerosis
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB We report here on a male diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis at 6 months of age. The child was treated with vigabatrin at age 6 months after an abnormal electroencephalogram but before onset of seizures. Vigabatrin was discontinued at age 13 months to avoid possible visual field defects. At 21 months, the child developed partial seizures with secondary generalization and infantile spasms. Standardized developmental assessments were performed at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age. Cognitive and social development were normal until age 21 months and the onset of seizures. When assessed at 24 months, the child met criteria for autism and learning disability.* This case indicates that the onset of epilepsy during an early stage in brain development can be associated with autistic regression and persistent developmental disorder. The case suggests the need to consider if possible visual field defects with vigabatrin outweigh the potentially deleterious effects of uncontrolled seizures.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dev Psychiat Sect, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
   UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Neurosci Unit, London, England.
   Great Ormond St Hosp Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England.
   St George Hosp, London, England.
   Kings Coll, Dept Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
   Kings Coll, MRC Ctr Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
RP Humphrey, A (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dev Psychiat Sect, Douglas House,18b Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM ah290@cam.ac.uk
RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010
OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262
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NR 9
TC 29
Z9 29
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 7
BP 609
EP 611
DI 10.1017/S0012162206001277
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 064ZB
UT WOS:000239128100014
PM 16780633
ER

PT J
AU Hertz-Picciotto, I
   Croen, LA
   Hansen, R
   Jones, CR
   van de Water, J
   Pessah, IN
AF Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
   Croen, Lisa A.
   Hansen, Robin
   Jones, Carrie R.
   van de Water, Judy
   Pessah, Isaac N.
TI The CHARGE study: An epidemiologic investigation of genetic and
   environmental factors contributing to autism
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autistic spectrum disorder; developmental delay; environment;
   genetics; mental retardation; pervasive developmental disorder
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME; SPECTRUM
   DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; FAMILIAL
   AGGREGATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHANGING PREVALENCE; TUBEROUS
   SCLEROSIS; BRAIN
AB Causes and contributing factors for autism are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that prevalence is rising, but the extent to which diagnostic changes and improvements in ascertainment contribute to this increase is unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute etiologically. Evidence from twin, family, and genetic studies supports a role for an inherited predisposition to the development of autism. Nonetheless, clinical, neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, and epidemiologic studies suggest that gene penetrance and expression may be influenced, in some cases strongly, by the prenatal and early postnatal environmental milieu. Sporadic studies link autism to xenobiotic chemicals and/or viruses, but few methodologically rigorous investigations have been undertaken. In light of major gaps in understanding of autism, a large case-control investigation of underlying environmental and genetic causes for autism and triggers of regression has been launched. The CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study will address a wide spectrum of chemical and biologic exposures, susceptibility factors, and their interactions. Phenotypic variation among children with autism will be explored, as will similarities and differences with developmental delay. The CHARGE study infrastructure includes detailed developmental assessments, medical information, questionnaire data, and biologic specimens. The CHARGE study is linked to University of California-Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health laboratories in immunology, xenobiotic measurement, cell signaling, genomics, and proteomics. The goals, study design, and data collection protocols are described, as well as preliminary demographic data on study participants and on diagnoses of those recruited through the California Department of Developmental Services Regional Center System.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser Fdn, Res Inst, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept RheumatolAllergy & Clin Immunol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hertz-Picciotto, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol, TB 168, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM ihp@ucdavis.edu
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NR 73
TC 136
Z9 139
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 114
IS 7
BP 1119
EP 1125
DI 10.1289/ehp.8483
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 063QR
UT WOS:000239035100046
PM 16835068
ER

PT J
AU Daniels, JL
AF Daniels, Julie L.
TI Autism and the environment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID TWIN; PAIRS
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Daniels, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, 2600 Jackson Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM juliedaniels@unc.edu
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NR 8
TC 14
Z9 14
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 114
IS 7
BP A396
EP A396
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 063QR
UT WOS:000239035100001
PM 16835036
ER

PT J
AU Dooley, EE
AF Dooley, Erin E.
TI Cure autism now
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 114
IS 7
BP A405
EP A405
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 063QR
UT WOS:000239035100012
ER

PT J
AU Szpir, M
AF Szpir, Michael
TI Tracing the origins of autism - A spectrum of new studies
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
NR 0
TC 21
Z9 22
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 114
IS 7
BP A412
EP A418
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 063QR
UT WOS:000239035100016
PM 16835042
ER

PT J
AU Wagner, E
   Luo, TL
   Sakai, Y
   Parada, LF
   Drager, UC
AF Wagner, Elisabeth
   Luo, Tuanlian
   Sakai, Yasuo
   Parada, Luis F.
   Drager, Ursula C.
TI Retinoic acid delineates the topography of neuronal plasticity in
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SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE mouse; neurotrophin 3; parvalbumin; PSA-NCAM; RALDH3
ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS; EFFERENT CONNECTIONS;
   CINGULATE CORTEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MOUSE-BRAIN; RAT; SCHIZOPHRENIA;
   AUTISM; EXPRESSION
AB Retinoic acid is well recognized to promote neuronal differentiation in the embryonic nervous system, but how it influences the postnatal cerebral cortex remains largely unknown. The domain of highest retinoic acid actions in the cortex of the mouse constricts postnatally to a narrow band that includes the dorsal visual stream and the attentional and executive networks. This band of cortex, which is distinguished by the retinoic acid-synthesizing enzyme RALDH3, exhibits signs of delayed maturation and enhanced plasticity compared to the surrounding cortex, as indicated by suppression of parvalbumin, neurofilament, cytochrome oxidase and perineuronal net maturation, and persistence of the embryonic, polysialated form of the neural cell-adhesion molecule PSA-NCAM. During the first postnatal week, the RALDH3-expressing territory translocates in the caudal cortex from the medial limbic lobe to the adjacent neocortex. This topographical shift requires the neurotrophin NT-3 because in mice lacking neuronal NT-3 the RALDH3 enzyme maintains its early postnatal pattern up to adulthood. In the NT-3-null mutants, expression of the markers, whose topography colocalizes with RALDH3 in the normal cortex, matches the abnormal RALDH3 pattern. This indicates that the uneven retinoic acid distribution serves a role in patterning the maturation and to some extent function of the normal postnatal cerebral cortex.
C1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA.
RP Drager, UC (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, 200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA 02452 USA.
EM Ursula.Drager@umassmed.edu
RI Parada, luis/B-9400-2014
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NR 68
TC 15
Z9 16
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0953-816X
J9 EUR J NEUROSCI
JI Eur. J. Neurosci.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 24
IS 2
BP 329
EP 340
DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04934.x
PG 12
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 065IH
UT WOS:000239152900001
PM 16836633
ER

PT J
AU Clements, CJ
AF Clements, C. John
TI Vaccine preservatives: what is the big deal?
SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; FOLLOW-UP ANALYSIS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
   DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM;
   INFANTS; AUTISM; EXPOSURE; MERCURY
C1 Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth Ltd, Ctr Int Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Clements, CJ (reprint author), Macfarlane Burnet Inst Med Res & Publ Hlth Ltd, Ctr Int Hlth, GPO Box 2284,Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
EM john@clem.com.au
CR *AM AC PED, STUD FAILS SHOW CONN
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NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES
PI NEW DELHI
PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA
SN 0971-5916
J9 INDIAN J MED RES
JI Indian J. Med. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 124
IS 1
BP 5
EP 8
PG 4
WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research &
   Experimental
SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental
   Medicine
GA 085AG
UT WOS:000240574900002
ER

PT J
AU Naito, M
   Koyama, K
AF Naito, Mika
   Koyama, Kayo
TI The development of false-belief understanding in Japanese children:
   Delay and difference?
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE behavioral and situational explanations; false belief; interdependent
   and independent cultures; interpersonal transfer tasks; Japanese
   children; mental states
ID SOCIAL EXPLANATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MIND; EMOTION; CULTURE; SELF;
   LANGUAGE; AUTISM; DESIRE; TASKS
AB Three experiments investigated the development of Japanese children's false-belief understanding. In Experiment 1, children's mastery of two standard false-belief tasks was considerably later and slower than typically reported, with the full development between 6 and 7 years. Experiments 2 and 3 tested Japanese 6- to 8-year-olds on interpersonal transfer tasks where a relocated item was a person who changed locations with and without their own intention. Children's judgments on the main character's belief about this person's whereabouts were not influenced by the protagonists' different mental states included in the tasks; children's justifications referred not to the people's belief or desire but primarily to their behaviors and social rules. Results suggest that Japanese children show not only a delay in false-belief understanding but a cultural difference in reasoning about human action as attributing it to behavioral and situational cues, rather than to individuals' mental states.
C1 Joetsu Univ Educ, Dept Sch Educ, Joetsu 9438512, Japan.
RP Naito, M (reprint author), Joetsu Univ Educ, Dept Sch Educ, 1 Yamayashiki Machi, Joetsu 9438512, Japan.
EM mikan@juen.ac.jp
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NR 54
TC 33
Z9 33
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0165-0254
J9 INT J BEHAV DEV
JI Int. J. Behav. Dev.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 30
IS 4
BP 290
EP 304
DI 10.1177/0165025406063622
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 109WW
UT WOS:000242341300001
ER

PT J
AU Dockrell, JE
   Lindsay, G
   Letchford, B
   Mackie, C
AF Dockrell, Julie E.
   Lindsay, Geoff
   Letchford, Becky
   Mackie, Clare
TI Educational provision for children with specific speech and language
   difficulties: perspectives of speech and language therapy service
   managers
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE children; provision; speech and language therapy; UK; services;
   mainstream speech and language difficulties; interventions
ID IMPAIRMENT; AUTISM; DIFFERENTIATE; DISORDER; WORKING; SLI
AB Background: Children with specific speech and language difficulties (SSLD) pose a challenge to the education system, and to speech and language therapists who support them, as a result of their language needs and associated educational and social-behavioural difficulties. The development of inclusion raises questions regarding appropriate provision, whether the tradition of language units or full inclusion into mainstream schools.
   Aims: To gather the views of speech and language therapy service managers in England and Wales regarding approaches to service delivery, terminology and decision-making for educational provision, and the use of direct and indirect (consultancy) models of intervention.
   Method & Procedures: The study reports on a national survey of speech and language therapy (SLT) services in England and Wales (129 respondents, 72.1% response rate) and interviews with 39 SLT service managers.
   Outcomes & Results: Provision varied by age group with support to children in the mainstream common from pre-school to the end of Key Stage 2 (up to 11 years), and to those in designated specialist provision, common at Key Stages 1/2 (ages 5-11 years), but less prevalent at Key Stages 3/4 (11-16 years). Decision-making regarding provision was influenced by the lack of common terminology, with SSLD and specific language impairment (SLI) the most common, and criteria, including the use of the discrepancy model for defining SSLD. Practice was influenced by the difficulties in distinguishing children with SSLD from those with autistic spectrum disorder, and difficulties translating policies into practice.
   Conclusions: The implications of the study are discussed with reference to SLT practice, including consultancy models, and the increasingly prevalent policy in local education authorities of inclusion of children with special educational needs.
C1 Univ London, Inst Educ, London WC1, England.
   Univ Warwick, CEDAR, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Dockrell, JE (reprint author), Univ London, Inst Educ, London WC1, England.
EM j.dockrell@ioe.ac.uk
RI Dockrell, Julie/A-3613-2008
OI Dockrell, Julie/0000-0003-3595-6064
CR Band S., 2002, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V17, P211, DOI 10.1080/08856250210162121
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NR 46
TC 24
Z9 24
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 4
BP 423
EP 440
DI 10.1080/13682820500442073
PG 18
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 072DX
UT WOS:000239654100006
PM 16815810
ER

PT J
AU Cook, EH
AF Cook, E. H.
TI Autism: Genetics
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 25th CINP Congress
CY JUL 09-13, 2006
CL Chicago, IL
SP CINP
C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1461-1457
J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH
JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 9
SU 1
BP S19
EP S20
PG 2
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 070BO
UT WOS:000239495500074
ER

PT J
AU Court, JA
   Perry, EK
AF Court, J. A.
   Perry, E. K.
TI Neurochemical pathological studies of autism
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 25th CINP Congress
CY JUL 09-13, 2006
CL Chicago, IL
SP CINP
C1 Univ Newcastle, Inst Ageing & Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1461-1457
J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH
JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 9
SU 1
BP S19
EP S19
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 070BO
UT WOS:000239495500073
ER

PT J
AU Dhossche, D
   Shah, A
   Wing, L
AF Dhossche, D.
   Shah, A.
   Wing, L.
TI Catatonia in autism: A treatable syndrome?
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 25th CINP Congress
CY JUL 09-13, 2006
CL Chicago, IL
SP CINP
C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA.
   Ctr Social & Commun Disorders, Bromley, Kent, England.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1461-1457
J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH
JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 9
SU 1
BP S262
EP S262
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 070BO
UT WOS:000239495501413
ER

PT J
AU Clark, LL
AF Clark, Louise L.
TI Intellectual impairment: a forgotten speciality
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE intellectual impairment; diagnostic issues; expertise; autism; education
ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; ADULTS; PEOPLE; SERVICES; ILLNESS; AUTISM
C1 Kings Coll, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, London WC2R 2LS, England.
RP Clark, LL (reprint author), Kings Coll, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Waterloo Rd, London WC2R 2LS, England.
EM louise.l.clark@kcl.ac.uk
CR Carnaby S, 1998, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V23, P219, DOI 10.1080/13668259800033711
   Chaplin R, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00580.x
   Deb S, 2001, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V45, P495
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   Doody GA, 1998, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V173, P145, DOI 10.1192/bjp.173.2.145
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NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7489
J9 INT J NURS STUD
JI Int. J. Nurs. Stud.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
BP 525
EP 526
DI 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.03.007
PG 2
WC Nursing
SC Nursing
GA 062TJ
UT WOS:000238967200001
PM 16690061
ER

PT J
AU Mawle, E
   Griffiths, P
AF Mawle, Elizabeth
   Griffiths, Peter
TI Screening for autism in pre-school children in primary care: Systematic
   review of English Language tools
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES
LA English
DT Review
DE autistic disorder; sensitivity and specificity; infant; child;
   pre-school; mass screening; primary health care (all MESH)
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
   BEHAVIORAL SUMMARIZED EVALUATION; RATING-SCALE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
   MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PEDIATRICIANS ROLE; SPECTRUM
   DISORDER; TOKYO VERSION
AB Objectives: To review the accuracy of brief screening tools for autism in pre-school children.
   Design: Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies.
   Data sources: Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Psychlit plus references of identified papers and contact with authors.
   Subjects: Children and infants aged 5 years or less without a prior diagnosis of autism or pervasive development delay.
   Interventions: Tools/checklists appropriate for use in screening for autism in primary care settings.
   Outcome measures: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of screening tools and likelihood ratios relative to a diagnostic assessment made using either DSM-III/IV or ICD 10 diagnosis.
   Results: Three studies considering two tools were identified. The CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) was tested on an appropriate population sample with moderate long-term follow-up but demonstrated poor sensitivity and positive predictive value. Weaker evidence suggested that the Modified CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) had high sensitivity but follow-up was of shorter term and less comprehensive.
   Conclusions: The CHAT demonstrated a level of sensitivity unlikely to be useful for population screening purposes, however, its high specificity suggests it has utility in secondary screening. The M-CHAT is a parent only report and might be more sensitive, and therefore appropriate for population screening. However, full conclusions regarding its accuracy cannot be drawn until follow-up data has been collected. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Kings Coll, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, London SE1 8WA, England.
   Westminster Primary Care Trust, London SE24 0AH, England.
RP Griffiths, P (reprint author), Kings Coll, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Waterloo Rd, London SE1 8WA, England.
EM elizabeth.mawle@westminster-pct.nhs.uk; peter.griffiths@kcl.ac.uk
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NR 88
TC 17
Z9 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7489
J9 INT J NURS STUD
JI Int. J. Nurs. Stud.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
BP 623
EP 636
DI 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.011
PG 14
WC Nursing
SC Nursing
GA 062TJ
UT WOS:000238967200011
PM 16387303
ER

PT J
AU Allik, H
   Larsson, JO
   Smedje, H
AF Allik, Hiie
   Larsson, Jan-Olov
   Smedje, Hans
TI Sleep patterns of school-age children with Asperger syndrome or
   high-functioning autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE sleep; Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; actigraphy; sleep
   diary
ID DISORDER; IDENTIFICATION; INTELLIGENCE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE
AB Sleep patterns of 32 school-age children with Asperger syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared to those of 32 typically developing age- and gender-matched children, using parent survey and one week of diary and actigraphic monitoring. Parents of children with AS/HFA more commonly reported that their children had difficulty falling asleep. One week of sleep recording with diary and actigraphy confirmed that children in the AS/HFA group spent a longer time awake in bed before falling asleep than children in the control group, possibly because the children in the AS/HFA group had earlier bedtimes. Other essential aspects of sleep patterns coincided between the groups. The sleep patterns of children with AS and HFA did not differ.
C1 Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Woman & Child Hlth, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
   Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden.
RP Allik, H (reprint author), Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Woman & Child Hlth, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, Q3,O4, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM hiie.allik@ki.se
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NR 37
TC 46
Z9 46
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 585
EP 595
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0099-9
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900002
PM 16617404
ER

PT J
AU Pan, CY
   Frey, GC
AF Pan, Chien-Yu
   Frey, Georgia C.
TI Physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE physical activity; autism; youth
ID CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; SCHOOL; BEHAVIOR; AGE; EXERCISE; ADULTS
AB The purpose of this study was to examine age-related physical activity patterns in youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty youth, aged 10-19 years, were divided into three groups: elementary (n=9), middle (n=9) and high (n=12) school. Participants wore an accelerometer and completed an activity questionnaire for seven consecutive days. The main findings were that (a) elementary youth are more active than the other groups, regardless type of day or time period, and (b) there are no consistent patterns in physical activity of youth with ASD according to day or time period. Findings emphasize that interventions for this population should address increasing extracurricular physical activity options during adolescence.
C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
RP Frey, GC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Kinesiol, HPER 179,1025 E 7th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM gfrey@indiana.edu
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NR 37
TC 28
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 597
EP 606
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0101-6
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900003
PM 16652237
ER

PT J
AU Hardan, AY
   Keshavan, MS
   Sreedhar, S
   Vemulapalli, M
   Minshew, NJ
AF Hardan, Antonio Y.
   Keshavan, Matcheri S.
   Sreedhar, Sucheta
   Vemulapalli, Mahduri
   Minshew, Nancy J.
TI An MRI study of minor physical anomalies in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE physical anomalies; MRI; autism; inter-orbit distance
ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BRAIN VOLUME; CHILDREN; ADULTS
AB The objective of this investigation was to examine the existence of minor physical anomalies (MPA) in autism. The interorbital and interlens distances were measured on MRI scans obtained from a sample of 40 nonmentally retarded individuals with autism and 41 healthy controls. No differences were observed between the two groups on any measurements. However, when the analysis was conducted using a split median procedure, individuals with autism and either low FSIQ, PIQ, or VIQ had shorter interorbital distances when compared to controls. Hypotelorism is a MPA that may be present in a subgroup of individuals with autism. Additional research is warranted using large sample sizes with a wide range of intellectual functioning.
C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94024 USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Detroit, MI USA.
RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94024 USA.
EM hardanay@stanford.edu
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NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 607
EP 611
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0103-4
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900004
PM 16609827
ER

PT J
AU Jansiewicz, EM
   Goldberg, MC
   Newschaffer, CJ
   Denckla, MB
   Landa, R
   Mostofsky, SH
AF Jansiewicz, Eva M.
   Goldberg, Melissa C.
   Newschaffer, Craig J.
   Denckla, Martha B.
   Landa, Rebecca
   Mostofsky, Stewart H.
TI Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and
   Asperger's syndrome from controls
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE coordination; dysrhythmia; overflow; gait; balance; motor speed
ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
   CLUMSINESS; BEHAVIOR; COORDINATION; IMPAIRMENT; REGRESSION; MOVEMENT;
   ADHD; BOYS
AB While many studies of motor control in autism have focused on specific motor signs, there has been a lack of research examining the complete range of subtle neuromotor signs. This study compared performance on a neurologic examination standardized for children (PANESS, Physical and Neurological Exam for Subtle Signs, Denckla [1974 Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16(6), 729-741]) between a group of 40 boys aged 6-17 with autism and average range IQs and a group of 55 typically developing boys. The Autism group was shown to have significant impairment on several measures of motor control compared to the Control group. Regression analyses revealed that a model including four PANESS variables offered a high level of discrimination in distinguishing boys with high-functioning autism from controls.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Mostofsky, SH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Psychiat, 707 N Broadway,Ste 516, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM mostofsky@kennedykrieger.org
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NR 45
TC 115
Z9 116
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 613
EP 621
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0109-y
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900005
PM 16609826
ER

PT J
AU Dziobek, I
   Fleck, S
   Kalbe, E
   Rogers, K
   Hassenstab, J
   Brand, M
   Kessler, J
   Woike, JK
   Wolf, OT
   Convit, A
AF Dziobek, Isabel
   Fleck, Stefan
   Kalbe, Elke
   Rogers, Kimberley
   Hassenstab, Jason
   Brand, Matthias
   Kessler, Josef
   Woike, Jan K.
   Wolf, Oliver T.
   Convit, Antonio
TI Introducing MASC: A movie for the assessment of social cognition
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; theory of mind; mindreading; naturalistic test
   formats; emotion recognition
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; NORMALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; REVISED VERSION; AUTISM; MIND; RECOGNITION; DISORDER;
   FACE; ADOLESCENTS
AB In the present study we introduce a sensitive video-based test for the evaluation of subtle mindreading difficulties: the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). This new mindreading tool involves watching a short film and answering questions referring to the actors' mental states. A group of adults with Asperger syndrome (n = 19) and well-matched control subjects (n = 20) were administered the MASC and three other mindreading tools as part of a broader neuropsychological testing session. Compared to control subjects, Asperger individuals exhibited marked and selective difficulties in social cognition. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for the mindreading tests identified the MASC as discriminating the diagnostic groups most accurately. Issues pertaining to the multidimensionality of the social cognition construct are discussed.
C1 NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA.
   Univ Clin Cologne, Dept Neurol, Cologne, Germany.
   Univ Bielefeld, Dept Psychol, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany.
   Univ Cologne, Dept Neurosci & Rehabil, Cologne, Germany.
   Univ Bielefeld, Dept Physiol Psychol, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany.
   CUNY, Grad Ctr, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA.
   Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Psychol Methodol, D-4630 Bochum, Germany.
RP Dziobek, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Ctr Brain Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA.
EM dziobi01@med.nyu.edu
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NR 56
TC 105
Z9 105
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 623
EP 636
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0107-0
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900006
PM 16755332
ER

PT J
AU Hepburn, SL
   Stone, WL
AF Hepburn, Susan L.
   Stone, Wendy L.
TI Using Carey Temperament Scales to assess behavioral style in children
   with autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE temperament; behavioral variability; assessment; autism
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PARENTS; STRESS
AB Many researchers have suggested that temperament information could be useful for understanding the behavioral variability within the autism spectrum. The purpose of this brief report is to examine temperament profiles of 110 children with ASD (ages 3-8 years, 61 with Autistic Disorder, 42 with PDD-NOS; and 7 with Asperger Disorder) via a commonly used parent report measure of child temperament. Internal consistency of temperament dimensions, test-retest reliability, descriptions of means and standard deviations are examined, relative to previously published norms. Internal consistency of the dimensions and test-retest reliability were comparable to published norms; however, children with autism were rated as presenting with more extreme scores than typically-developing children on several dimensions. Limitations and implications for future work are discussed.
C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
   Vanderbilt Childrens Hosp, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Hepburn, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box C 268-21, Denver, CO 80262 USA.
EM Susan.Hepburn@UCHSC.edu
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NR 29
TC 16
Z9 16
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 637
EP 642
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0110-5
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900007
PM 16628481
ER

PT J
AU Whalen, C
   Schreibman, L
   Ingersoll, B
AF Whalen, Christina
   Schreibman, Laura
   Ingersoll, Brooke
TI The collateral effects of joint attention training on social
   initiations, positive affect, imitation, and spontaneous speech for
   young children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE joint attention; language; social skills; play; imitation
ID DOWN-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; PLAY
AB Joint attention may be a core deficit in autism which underlies the abnormal development of later emerging social-communication behaviors. Given this theory, researchers have suggested that teaching young children with autism to engage in joint attention may lead to collateral increases in other non-targeted social-communication behaviors. In this study, children with autism participated in a 10-week joint attention training program and collateral changes in non-targeted behaviors were assessed. Following participation in the intervention, positive collateral changes were observed in social initiations, positive affect, imitation, play, and spontaneous speech. Results support the hypothesis that teaching joint attention skills leads to improvement in a variety of related skills and have implications for the treatment of young children with autism.
C1 TeachTown Inc, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
   Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
   Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Lewis & Clark Coll, Portland, OR 97219 USA.
RP Whalen, C (reprint author), TeachTown Inc, 2815 Eastlake Ave E,Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
EM chris@teachtown.com
RI Ingersoll, Brooke/A-9117-2012
CR Adamson L. B., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P205
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 41
TC 57
Z9 59
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 655
EP 664
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0108-z
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900009
PM 16810564
ER

PT J
AU O'Riordan, M
   Passetti, F
AF O'Riordan, Michelle
   Passetti, Filippo
TI Discrimination in autism within different sensory modalities
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; discrimination; auditory; tactile
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM;
   VISUAL-SEARCH; ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE;
   ABNORMALITIES; MODULATION; STIMULI
AB Recent studies have suggested that unusual visual processing in autism might stem from enhanced visual discrimination. Although there are also many anecdotal reports of auditory and tactile processing disturbances in autism these have received comparatively little attention. It is possible that the enhanced discrimination ability in vision in autism might extend to other modalities and further that they may underlie many reports of unusual touch and audition. The present study investigated the performance of children with and without autism on auditory and tactile discrimination tasks and revealed superior auditory but comparable tactile discrimination in autism relative to controls. These results extend previous findings of perceptual discrimination in autism and may be relevant for a neuro-developmental hypothesis of the disorder.
C1 Autism Res Ctr, Dept Dev Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 3AH, England.
   Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
RP O'Riordan, M (reprint author), Autism Res Ctr, Dept Dev Psychiat, Douglas House,18b Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 3AH, England.
EM mafo100@cam.ac.uk
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NR 66
TC 53
Z9 53
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 665
EP 675
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0106-1
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900010
PM 16639532
ER

PT J
AU de Jonge, MV
   Kemner, C
   van Engeland, H
AF de Jonge, Maretha V.
   Kemner, Chantal
   van Engeland, Herman
TI Superior disembedding performance of high-functioning individuals with
   autism spectrum disorders and their parents: The need for subtle
   measures
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; broader phenotype; Embedded Figures Test; parents;
   pervasive developmental disorder; weak central coherence
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE;
   INFANTILE-AUTISM; VISUAL-SEARCH; CHILDREN; MIND; PERCEPTION
AB We assessed the disembedding performance on the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) of high-functioning subjects with autism or autism spectrum disorders from multi-incidence families and the performance of their parents. The individuals with autism spectrum disorders were significantly faster than matched controls in locating the shape, but their parents were not faster than a control group of parents. However, both the individuals with autism spectrum disorders and their fathers made significantly fewer incorrect attempts before finding the right shape than matched controls. These results suggest that the number of incorrect attempts is a more subtle measure than accuracy or response time for assessing superior disembedding skills and therefore may be useful in the assessment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, Netherlands.
RP de Jonge, MV (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, HP B01-201,POB 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM M.V.Jonae@umcutrecht.nl
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NR 42
TC 32
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 677
EP 683
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0113-2
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900011
PM 16612576
ER

PT J
AU Benson, PR
AF Benson, Paul R.
TI The impact of child symptom severity on depressed mood among parents of
   children with ASD: The mediating role of stress proliferation
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE stress proliferation; autism; ASD; parent depression; social support;
   symptom severity
ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; EARLY INTERVENTION;
   AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; LIFE STRESS; SELF-REPORT; MOTHERS; FATHERS;
   ADJUSTMENT; FAMILY
AB Stress proliferation (the tendency of stressors to engender additional stressors in other life domains) is explored in a sample of 68 parents of children identified with ASD. Regression analyses showed that parent depression was predicted by both child symptom severity and by stress proliferation and that stress proliferation partially mediated the effect of child symptom severity on parent depression. In addition, informal social support was found to reduce levels of parent stress proliferation and parent depression; however, contrary to the stress buffering hypothesis, the ameliorative effect of support on stress proliferation was shown to be greatest when reported child symptomatology was less (rather than more) severe. Study implications for future research and practice are discussed.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Sociol, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Social Dev & Educ, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
RP Benson, PR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Sociol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
EM paul.benson@umb.edu
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NR 77
TC 65
Z9 67
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 685
EP 695
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0112-3
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900012
PM 16835810
ER

PT J
AU Burgess, NK
   Sweeten, TL
   McMahon, WM
   Fujinami, RS
AF Burgess, Nancy K.
   Sweeten, Thayne L.
   McMahon, William M.
   Fujinami, Robert S.
TI Hyperserotoninemia and altered immunity in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; hyperserotoninemia; immune response; serotonin
ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
   SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5-HTT; KILLER-CELL CYTOTOXICITY; WHOLE-BLOOD
   SEROTONIN; T-LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; PLATELET SEROTONIN; 1ST-DEGREE
   RELATIVES; TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID
AB One of the most consistent biological findings in autism is elevated whole blood serotonin (5-HT) levels found in about 1/3 of cases. Immune abnormalities are also commonly observed in this disorder. Given 5-HT's role as an immunomodulator, possible connections between 5-HT and immune abnormalities in autism are explored in this review. Areas of focus include hyperserotoninemia and cellular immune function, autoantibodies to 5-HT receptors, and 5-HT's role in autoimmunity. Further research is needed to determine the interactions between neuropsychiatric and immune dysfunction in autism and related disorders.
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Neurol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
   Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
RP Fujinami, RS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Neurol, 30 N 1900 E,3R330 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
EM Robert.Fujinami@hsc.utah.edu
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NR 101
TC 30
Z9 31
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 697
EP 704
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0100-7
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900013
PM 16614791
ER

PT J
AU Papanikolaou, K
   Paliokosta, E
   Gyftodimou, J
   Kolaitis, G
   Vgenopoulou, S
   Sarri, C
   Tsiantis, J
AF Papanikolaou, Katerina
   Paliokosta, Elena
   Gyftodimou, Jolanda
   Kolaitis, Gerassimos
   Vgenopoulou, Sofia
   Sarri, Catherine
   Tsiantis, John
TI A case of partial trisomy of chromosome 8p associated with autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; genetics; chromosome 8; partial trisomy 8p
ID MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION; SHORT ARM; DYSMORPHIC FEATURES; TANDEM
   DUPLICATION; GENOMIC SCREEN; 8P23.1; REGION; DISORDERS; LINKAGE; GENE
AB We report on a case of a 6-year-old female with partial trisomy 8p(21-23) associated with autism, mild dysmorphic features, and moderate learning disability. Although mental retardation is a common finding in patients with mosaic trisomy 8 or partial trisomy of various regions of chromosome 8, only two cases associated with autism have been reported so far. Also, in our case clinical manifestations were mild compared to other patients with duplication of the same region of chromosome 8. Although there has been no strong evidence for linkage on chromosome 8 in any of the genome-wide linkage studies so far, the possibility that this segment includes genes involved in the etiology of autism should be further explored.
C1 Univ Athens, Dept Child Psychiat, Agia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Athens 11527, Greece.
   Agia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Inst Child Hlth, Dept Genet, Athens 11527, Greece.
RP Papanikolaou, K (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Child Psychiat, Agia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Athens 11527, Greece.
EM apechlib@med.uoa.gr
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NR 35
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 5
BP 705
EP 709
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0104-3
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 075ZX
UT WOS:000239927900014
PM 16602035
ER

PT J
AU Korkmaz, B
   Benbir, G
   Demirbilek, V
AF Korkmaz, Baris
   Benbir, Gulcin
   Demirbilek, Veysi
TI Migration abnormality in the left cingulate gyrus presenting with
   autistic disorder
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   INFANTILE-AUTISM; BLOOD-FLOW; BRAIN; CORTEX; NEUROANATOMY
AB Autism, characterized by an impairment in communication, including language, narrowly focused interests, and poor sociability, is a neurodevelopmental disorder of still largely unknown pathogenesis. In children with autistic symptomatology, the most consistent functional or anatomic abnormalities are found in the cingulate gyrus, particularly in the anterior regions. Neuronal migration malformations caused by incomplete neuronal migration and characterized by loss of the normal gyral patterns in the cerebral hemispheres and prominent disorganization of the cerebral cortical cytoarchitecture are generally associated with profound neurologic deficits, epilepsy, and autism. In this report, we present a case with an isolated migration abnormality located in the anterior part of the left cingulate gyrus who was admitted with the complaints of epileptic seizures and autism. In addition, the role of the localization of the migration abnormality in the Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an impairment in communication, including language, a lack of imagination, poor sociability, narrowly focused interests, and stereotypies.(1) Although the pathogenesis of the disorder is still largely unknown, various pathologic abnormalities have been shown in many different areas of the brain, including the cerebellum, limbic system, and brain stem,(2) as well as changes in brain weight,(3) increased brain size,(4-6) minicolunmar pathology in various parts of the cerebral cortex,(7) changes in white- and gray-matter volume,(8,9) and aberrations in brain metabolism and blood flow(10) in different parts of the brain. Increased cell impact, decreased neuron size, and aberrant dendritic branching are reported in different structures of the limbic system.(11) In children with autistic symptomatology, the most consistent functional or anatomic abnormalities are found in the cingulate gyrus, particularly in the anterior regions. 10 Many of the above-mentioned pathologic abnormalities in autism might have started at an earlier stage of neural development, possibly before the third gestational month 3 at a time when neuronal migration prevails. Indeed, neuronal migration problems, not an infrequent cause of intractable epilepsy and mental retardation, have also been reported in autistic cases(2,3).
C1 Univ Istanbul, Div Child Neurol, Dept Neurol, Cerrahpasa Fac Med, TR-34303 Cerrahpasa, Turkey.
RP Korkmaz, B (reprint author), Univ Istanbul, Div Child Neurol, Dept Neurol, Cerrahpasa Fac Med, TR-34303 Cerrahpasa, Turkey.
EM bkorkmaz@istanbul.edu.tr
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NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO
   L8N 3K7, CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 7
BP 600
EP 604
DI 10.2310/7010.2006.00141
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 075SR
UT WOS:000239906000011
PM 16970852
ER

PT J
AU Tanguay, PE
AF Tanguay, Peter E.
TI The neurobiology of autism, 2nd edition
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
RP Tanguay, PE (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
CR Bauman M. L., 2005, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS
PI MEMPHIS
PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA
SN 0160-6689
J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT
JI J. Clin. Psychiatry
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 67
IS 7
BP 1161
EP 1162
PG 2
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 070TU
UT WOS:000239548300027
ER

PT J
AU Badcock, C
   Crespi, B
AF Badcock, C.
   Crespi, B.
TI Imbalanced genomic imprinting in brain development: an evolutionary
   basis for the aetiology of autism
SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; evolution; genomic imprinting; social behaviour
ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; PARENT-OF-ORIGIN; GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE;
   HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; RECIPROCAL
   SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID;
   GROWTH-FACTOR-II; RETT-SYNDROME
AB We describe a new hypothesis for the development of autism, that it is driven by imbalances in brain development involving enhanced effects of paternally expressed imprinted genes, deficits of effects from maternally expressed genes, or both. This hypothesis is supported by: (1) the strong genomic-imprinting component to the genetic and developmental mechanisms of autism, Angelman syndrome, Rett syndrome and Turner syndrome; (2) the core behavioural features of autism, such as self-focused behaviour, altered social interactions and language, and enhanced spatial and mechanistic cognition and abilities, and (3) the degree to which relevant brain functions and structures are altered in autism and related disorders. The imprinted brain theory of autism has important implications for understanding the genetic, epigenetic, neurological and cognitive bases of autism, as ultimately due to imbalances in the outcomes of intragenomic conflict between effects of maternally vs. paternally expressed genes.
C1 London Sch Econ, Dept Sociol, London, England.
   Simon Fraser Univ, Behav Ecol Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
RP Crespi, B (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
EM crespi@sfu.ca
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NR 397
TC 79
Z9 83
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-061X
J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL
JI J. Evol. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 4
BP 1007
EP 1032
DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01091.x
PG 26
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
   Heredity
GA 065IT
UT WOS:000239154100001
PM 16780503
ER

PT J
AU Most, DE
   Fidler, DJ
   Laforce-Booth, C
   Kelly, J
AF Most, DE
   Fidler, DJ
   Laforce-Booth, C
   Kelly, J
TI Stress trajectories in mothers of young children with Down syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Down syndrome; family stress; early development; growth modelling;
   longitudinal data analysis
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES; AGING
   MOTHERS; DISORDERS; FAMILIES; PARENTS; AUTISM; ADULTS
AB Background In this study, we investigated the early development of stress in mothers of children with Down syndrome, compared with mothers of children with developmental disabilities of mixed aetiologies. Growth modelling analyses were used to explore: (1) whether mothers of children with Down syndrome demonstrated distinct patterns of stress during their children's early development, compared with mothers of children with other developmental disabilities; and (2) whether there was a relation between child behavioural characteristics and the level and rate of change in stress observed in each population.
   Method The stress trajectories of mothers of young children with Down syndrome (n = 25) and a mixed-aetiology comparison group (n = 49) were estimated, using growth modelling on data collected at ages of 15, 30 and 45 months.
   Results On average, stress in the mixed comparison group was higher at Time 1 and remained unchanged over time, while stress in the Down syndrome group was lower at Time 1 but increased steadily. After taking diagnostic group membership into account, more advanced cognitive-linguistic functioning and lower levels of maladaptive behaviours at all time points were associated with lower levels of maternal stress.
   Conclusions These findings suggest that the cognitive-linguistic and behavioural trajectory observed in early development in Down syndrome may contribute to the changes in maternal stress levels observed throughout these early years. Implications for developing targeted and time- sensitive family interventions for families of children with Down syndrome are discussed.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Sch Educ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   Univ Washington, Family & Child Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Fidler, DJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Sch Educ, 502 W Lake St, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM deborah.fidler@colostate.edu
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NR 41
TC 32
Z9 33
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-2633
J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES
JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 50
BP 501
EP 514
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00796
PN 7
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry;
   Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences &
   Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation
GA 048ED
UT WOS:000237929500003
PM 16774635
ER

PT J
AU Lewis, P
   Abbeduto, L
   Murphy, M
   Richmond, E
   Giles, N
   Bruno, L
   Schroeder, S
AF Lewis, P
   Abbeduto, L
   Murphy, M
   Richmond, E
   Giles, N
   Bruno, L
   Schroeder, S
TI Cognitive, language and social-cognitive skills of individuals with
   fragile X syndrome with and without autism
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; behavioural phenotypes; cognitive behaviour; communication;
   fragile X; intellectual disability
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MIND; MALES; COMMUNICATION;
   BEHAVIOR; COMPREHENSION; ADOLESCENTS; SYMPTOMS
AB Background It is not known whether those with co-morbid fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism represent a distinct subtype of FXS; whether the especially severe cognitive delays seen in studies of young children with co-morbid FXS and autism compared with those with only FXS continue into adolescence and young adulthood; and whether autism in those with FXS is 'true autism', i.e. reflects the same underlying problems as idiopathic autism.
   Method We compared the non-verbal IQ of adolescents and young adults with co-morbid FXS and autism (n = 10) with those with only FXS (n = 44). We then created a subsample of those with FXS only, matched on non-verbal IQ, mental age and gender (n = 21) to the subsample of those with co-morbid FXS and autism. We compared the two groups on measures of expressive language, receptive language (lexical, grammatical morphology and syntactic patterns), and a theory of mind task.
   Results Those with co-morbid FXS and autism had lower non-verbal IQs than those with only FXS. The participants with co-morbid FXS and autism did not perform as well as the cognitive ability- and gender-matched participants with only FXS on the three measures of receptive language or the theory of mind task; there were no differences on the expressive language measure.
   Conclusions Our findings support the notion that those with co-morbid FXS and autism represent a distinct subtype of FXS, with more impairment in receptive language and theory of mind even when controlling for their lower non-verbal IQ relative to those with only FXS. The greater cognitive impairments observed in those with co-morbid FXS and autism continues into adolescence and young adulthood; and the autism seen in those with FXS appears to be the same as idiopathic autism.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 157, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
   Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Lewis, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 157, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
EM lewis@waisman.wisc.edu
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NR 53
TC 67
Z9 70
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-2633
J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES
JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 50
BP 532
EP 545
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00803.x
PN 7
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry;
   Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences &
   Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation
GA 048ED
UT WOS:000237929500006
PM 16774638
ER

PT J
AU Ashwood, P
   Wills, S
   Van De Water, J
AF Ashwood, Paul
   Wills, Sharifia
   Van De Water, Judy
TI The immune response in autism: a new frontier for autism research
SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); neurodevelopment; neurokine; immunity;
   inflammation; cytokines
ID DISEASE VIRUS-INFECTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
   DISORDER; LYMPHOCYTE CYTOKINE PROFILES; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE;
   SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID;
   GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS
AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are part of a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders known as pervasive developmental disorders, which occur in childhood. They are characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. At the present time, the etiology of ASD is largely unknown, but genetic, environmental, immunological, and neurological factors are thought to play a role in the development of ASD. Recently, increasing research has focused on the connections between the immune system and the nervous system, including its possible role in the development of ASD. These neuroimmune interactions begin early during embryogenesis and persist throughout an individual's lifetime, with successful neurodevelopment contingent upon a normal balanced immune response. Immune aberrations consistent with a dysregulated immune response, which so far, have been reported in autistic children, include abnormal or skewed T helper cell type I (T(H)1)/T(H)2 cytokine profiles, decreased lymphocyte numbers, decreased T cell mitogen response, and the imbalance of serum immunoglobulin levels. In addition, autism has been linked with autoimmunity and an association with immune-based genes including human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and complement C4 alleles described. There is potential that such aberrant immune activity during vulnerable anti critical periods of neurodevelopment could participate in the generation of neurological dysfunction characteristic of ASD. This review will examine the status of the research linking the immune response with ASD.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
RP Ashwood, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Wet Lab Bldg,50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
EM pashwood@ucdavis.edu
RI zhang, jing/F-3848-2012
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NR 196
TC 181
Z9 188
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0741-5400
J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL
JI J. Leukoc. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 80
IS 1
BP 1
EP 15
DI 10.1189/jlb.1205707
PG 15
WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology
SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology
GA 119MD
UT WOS:000243015500001
PM 16698940
ER

PT J
AU Bhuiyan, ZA
   Klein, M
   Hammond, P
   van Haeringen, A
   Mannens, MMAM
   Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I
   Hennekam, RCM
AF Bhuiyan, ZA
   Klein, M
   Hammond, P
   van Haeringen, A
   Mannens, MMAM
   Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I
   Hennekam, RCM
TI Genotype-phenotype correlations of 39 patients with Cornelia De Lange
   syndrome: the Dutch experience
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BRACHMANN-DELANGE SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST;
   SISTER-CHROMATID COHESION; NIPPED-B; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FACIAL
   MORPHOLOGY; NIPBL MUTATIONS; INDIVIDUALS; HOMOLOG; VARIABILITY
AB Background: Cornelia de Lange syndrome ( CdLS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterised by a distinctive facial appearance, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, psychomotor delay, behavioural problems, and malformations of the upper extremities. Recently mutations in NIPBL, the human homologue of the Drosophila Nipped-B gene, were found to cause CdLS. Mutations have been found in 39% of reported cases.
   Methods: Patients were enrolled in the study and classified into one of four groups based on clinical examination: classic, mild, possible, or definitively not CdLS. Three dimensional photography was taken of 20 subjects, and compared between groups. Behaviour was assessed with specific attention to autism. We searched for mutations in NIPBL and correlated genotype with phenotype.
   Results : We found mutations in 56% of cases.
   Conclusions: Truncating mutations were generally found to cause a more severe phenotype but this correlation was not absolute. Three dimensional facial imaging demonstrated the potential for classifying facial features. Behavioural problems were highly correlated with the level of adaptive functioning, and also included autism. No correlation of behaviour with the type of mutation was found.
C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Clin & Mol Genet Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
   Acad Med Ctr, Dept Paediat, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Genet, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Leiden Univ, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Leiden, Netherlands.
   UCL, Eastman Dent Inst, London, England.
   UMCL, Dept Clin Genet, Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Hennekam, RCM (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Clin & Mol Genet Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM r.hennekam@ich.ucl.ac.uk
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NR 41
TC 67
Z9 69
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 7
BP 568
EP 575
DI 10.1136/jmg.2005.038240
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 059DP
UT WOS:000238713800005
PM 16236812
ER

PT J
AU Usha, R
   Guhathakurta, S
   Sinha, S
   Chatterjee, A
   Ahmed, S
   Ganguly, PK
   Singh, M
AF Usha, R.
   Guhathakurta, S.
   Sinha, S.
   Chatterjee, A.
   Ahmed, S.
   Ganguly, P. K.
   Singh, M.
TI SLC6A4 polymorphisms in the Indian autism population: a case control and
   family based association study
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 7th Biennial Meeting of the Asian-Pacific-Society-for-Neurochemistry
CY JUL 02-05, 2006
CL Singapore, SINGAPORE
SP Asia Pacific Soc Neurochem
C1 Manovikas Kendra Res Inst Mentally Handicapped, Kolkata, W Bengal, India.
   Assam Autism Fdn, Gauhati, India.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-3042
EI 1471-4159
J9 J NEUROCHEM
JI J. Neurochem.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 98
SU 1
BP 27
EP 27
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 066QQ
UT WOS:000239245600063
ER

PT J
AU Chauhan, A
   Chauhan, V
   Cohen, IL
   Mehta, P
   Brown, WT
   Barshatzky, M
AF Chauhan, A.
   Chauhan, V
   Cohen, I. L.
   Mehta, P.
   Brown, W. T.
   Barshatzky, M.
TI Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in autism
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 7th Biennial Meeting of the Asian-Pacific-Society-for-Neurochemistry
CY JUL 02-05, 2006
CL Singapore, SINGAPORE
SP Asia Pacific Soc Neurochem
C1 NYS Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, New York, NY USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3042
J9 J NEUROCHEM
JI J. Neurochem.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 98
SU 1
BP 29
EP 29
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 066QQ
UT WOS:000239245600071
ER

PT J
AU Atkin, K
   Lorch, MP
AF Atkin, Keith
   Lorch, Marjorie Perlman
TI Hyperlexia in a 4-year-old boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE hyperlexia; autism; reading acquisition; reading comprehension
ID WORD RECOGNITION; READING-SKILLS; LANGUAGE DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   COMPREHENSION; ANNOTATION; AWARENESS; ABILITY
AB This paper presents a case study of a 4-year-old boy with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and a mental age of approximately 1:5 who demonstrates precocious oral-reading behaviour in the absence of spontaneous speech. Tests of reading regular and irregular words, pseudowords, homographic heterophones, single sentences and texts were carried out. Performance on a variety of reading tasks suggests the ability to use grapheme-phoneme correspondences and whole word reading for decoding single words. In addition, successful reading of some homographic heterophones and semantic paraphrasing of texts suggests a level of lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic development far beyond his mental or chronological age. The realisation of highly developed reading ability is paradoxical in the context of profound impairment in cognitive development and an absence of spoken language. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Linguist, London WC1H 0PD, England.
RP Lorch, MP (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Linguist, 43 Gordon Sq, London WC1H 0PD, England.
EM keithatkin66@hotmail.com; m.lorch@bbk.ac.uk
RI Lorch, Marjorie/F-8493-2010
OI Lorch, Marjorie/0000-0001-8505-8815
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NR 42
TC 9
Z9 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0911-6044
J9 J NEUROLINGUIST
JI J. Neurolinguist.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 4
BP 253
EP 269
DI 10.1016/J.jneuroling.2005.11.006
PG 17
WC Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 082NN
UT WOS:000240393700001
ER

PT J
AU Love, R
AF Love, R
TI A mouse model of autism?
SO LANCET NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT News Item
ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION; PTEN
CR Greer JM, 2006, NEURON, V50, P343, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.021
   Kwon CH, 2006, NEURON, V50, P377, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.023
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1474-4422
J9 LANCET NEUROL
JI Lancet Neurol.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 7
BP 559
EP 559
DI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70486-0
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 058PE
UT WOS:000238676100009
ER

PT J
AU Seeman, CC
AF Seeman, Corey
TI The only boy in the world: On having a son with autism.
SO LIBRARY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Univ Michigan, Kresge Business Adm Lib, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Seeman, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Kresge Business Adm Lib, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
CR BLASTLAND M, 2006, ONLY BOY WORLD HAVIN
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0363-0277
J9 LIBR J
JI Libr. J.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 131
IS 12
BP 96
EP 96
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 062IG
UT WOS:000238937200244
ER

PT J
AU Parr, JR
   Lamb, JA
   Bailey, AJ
   Monaco, AP
AF Parr, JR
   Lamb, JA
   Bailey, AJ
   Monaco, AP
TI Response to paper by Molloy et al.: Linkage on 21q and 7q in autism
   subset with regression
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
ID HUMAN GENOME; SCREEN; MAP
C1 Univ Oxford, IMGSAC, Sect Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, England.
RP Parr, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, IMGSAC, Sect Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, England.
EM jeremyparr@doctors.org.uk
RI Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014
OI Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X
CR Abecasis GR, 2002, NAT GENET, V30, P97, DOI 10.1038/ng786
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   Molloy CA, 2005, MOL PSYCHIATR, V10, P741, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001691
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 11
IS 7
BP 617
EP 619
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001833
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 057IW
UT WOS:000238590500002
PM 16801976
ER

PT J
AU Molloy, CA
   Keddache, M
   Martin, L
AF Molloy, CA
   Keddache, M
   Martin, L
TI Response to paper by Molloy et al.: Linkage on 21q and 7q in autism
   subset with regression - Response by Dr Molloy
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA.
   Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Human Genet, Cincinnati, OH USA.
RP Molloy, CA (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA.
EM Cynthia.molloy@cchmc.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 11
IS 7
BP 619
EP 619
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001829
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 057IW
UT WOS:000238590500003
ER

PT J
AU Glazebrook, CM
   Elliott, D
   Lyons, J
AF Glazebrook, Cheryl M.
   Elliott, Digby
   Lyons, James
TI A kinematic analysis of how young adults with and without autism plan
   and control goal-directed movements
SO MOTOR CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorder; movement control; motor; manual aiming
ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ACCURACY; TASK
AB We examined the planning and control of goal-directed aiming movements in young adults with autism. Participants performed rapid manual aiming movements to one of two targets. We manipulated the difficulty of the planning and control process by varying both target size and amplitude of the movements. Consistent with previous research, participants with autism took longer to prepare and execute movements, particularly when the index of difficulty was high. Although there were no group differences for accuracy, participants with autism exhibited more temporal and spatial variability over the initial phase of the movement even though mean peak accelerations and velocities were lower than for control participants. Our results suggest that although persons with autism have difficulty specifying muscular force, they compensate for this initial variability during limb deceleration. Perhaps persons with autism have learned to keep initial impulses low to minimize the spatial variability that needs to be corrected for during the online control phase of the movement.
C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
RP Glazebrook, CM (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
RI Lyons, James/A-9076-2008
OI Lyons, James/0000-0003-1995-8836
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NR 25
TC 31
Z9 31
PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA
SN 1087-1640
J9 MOTOR CONTROL
JI Motor Control
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 244
EP 264
PG 21
WC Neurosciences; Sport Sciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Sport Sciences
GA 064NB
UT WOS:000239095300005
PM 17106133
ER

PT J
AU Collins, AL
   Ma, DQ
   Whitehead, PL
   Martin, ER
   Wright, HH
   Abramson, RK
   Hussman, JP
   Haines, JL
   Cuccaro, ML
   Gilbert, JR
   Pericak-Vance, MA
AF Collins, Ann L.
   Ma, Deqiong
   Whitehead, Patrice L.
   Martin, Eden R.
   Wright, Harry H.
   Abramson, Ruth K.
   Hussman, John P.
   Haines, Jonathan L.
   Cuccaro, Michael L.
   Gilbert, John R.
   Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
TI Investigation of autism and GABA receptor subunit genes in multiple
   ethnic groups
SO NEUROGENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; SNPs; GABA receptors; association; ethnicity
ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ASSOCIATION; DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PEDIGREES;
   SEROTONIN; FAMILIES; GENETICS; EPILEPSY; TESTS
AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of complex genetics, characterized by impairment in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behavior. Multiple lines of evidence, including alterations in levels of GABA and GABA receptors in autistic patients, indicate that the GABAergic system, which is responsible for synaptic inhibition in the adult brain, may be involved in autism. Previous studies in our lab indicated association of noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a GABA receptor subunit gene on chromosome 4, GABRA4, and interaction between SNPs in GABRA4 and GABRB1 (also on chromosome 4), within Caucasian autism patients. Studies of genetic variation in African-American autism families are rare. Analysis of 557 Caucasian and an independent population of 54 African-American families with 35 SNPs within GABRB1 and GABRA4 strengthened the evidence for involvement of GABRA4 in autism risk in Caucasians (rs17599165, p=0.0015; rs1912960, p=0.0073; and rs17599416, p=0.0040) and gave evidence of significant association in African-Americans (rs2280073, p=0.0287 and rs16859788, p=0.0253). The GABRA4 and GABRB1 interaction was also confirmed in the Caucasian dataset (most significant pair, rs1912960 and rs2351299; p=0.004). Analysis of the subset of families with a positive history of seizure activity in at least one autism patient revealed no association to GABRA4; however, three SNPs within GABRB1 showed significant allelic association; rs2351299 (p=0.0163), rs4482737 (p=0.0339), and rs3832300 (p=0.0253). These results confirmed our earlier findings, indicating GABRA4 and GABRB1 as genes contributing to autism susceptibility, extending the effect to multiple ethnic groups and suggesting seizures as a stratifying phenotype.
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
   Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC USA.
   Hussman Fdn, Ellicott City, MD USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Pericak-Vance, MA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
EM mpv@chg.mc.duke.edu
RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012
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NR 44
TC 60
Z9 62
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1364-6745
J9 NEUROGENETICS
JI Neurogenetics
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 7
IS 3
BP 167
EP 174
DI 10.1007/s10048-006-0045-1
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 063TQ
UT WOS:000239043000005
PM 16770606
ER

PT J
AU Yushkevich, PA
   Piven, J
   Hazlett, HC
   Smith, RG
   Ho, S
   Gee, JC
   Gerig, G
AF Yushkevich, Paul A.
   Piven, Joseph
   Hazlett, Heather Cody
   Smith, Rachel Gimpel
   Ho, Sean
   Gee, James C.
   Gerig, Guido
TI User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures:
   Significantly improved efficiency and reliability
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Article
DE computational anatomy; image segmentation; caudate nucleus; 3D active
   contour models; open source software; validation; anatomical objects
ID QUANTITATIVE VOLUMETRIC-ANALYSIS; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MR-IMAGES; BRAIN;
   CAUDATE; MODEL; VISUALIZATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MORPHOMETRY; VALIDATION
AB Active contour segmentation and its robust implementation using level set methods are well-established theoretical approaches that have been studied thoroughly in the image analysis literature. Despite the existence of these powerful segmentation methods, the needs of clinical research continue to be fulfilled, to a large extent, using slice-by-slice manual tracing. To bridge the gap between methodological advances and clinical routine, we developed an open source application called ITK-SNAP, which is intended to make level set segmentation easily accessible to a wide range of users, including those with little or no mathematical expertise. This paper describes the methods and software engineering philosophy behind this new tool and provides the results of validation experiments performed in the context of an ongoing child autism neuroimaging study. The validation establishes SNAP intrarater and interrater reliability and overlap error statistics for the caudate nucleus and finds that SNAP is a highly reliable and efficient alternative to manual tracing. Analogous results for lateral ventricle segmentation are provided. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Penn Image Comp & Sci Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Yushkevich, PA (reprint author), 3600 Market St,Ste 320, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM pauly2@grasp.upenn.edu
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NR 36
TC 882
Z9 896
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD JUL 1
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 3
BP 1116
EP 1128
DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015
PG 13
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 054EB
UT WOS:000238358500015
PM 16545965
ER

PT J
AU Duby, JC
   Lipkin, PH
   Macias, MM
   Wegner, LM
   Duncan, P
   Hagan, JF
   Cooley, WC
   Swigonski, N
AF Duby, JC
   Lipkin, PH
   Macias, MM
   Wegner, LM
   Duncan, P
   Hagan, JF
   Cooley, WC
   Swigonski, N
CA Council Children Disabilities
   Section Dev Behav Pediat
   Bright Futures Steering Comm
   Med Home Initatives Children Speci
TI Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in
   the medical home: An algorithm for developmental surveillance and
   screening
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE development; developmental disorders; developmental screening;
   disabilities; children with special health care needs; early
   intervention; medical home
ID QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; HEALTH-CARE NEEDS; ACADEMY-OF-NEUROLOGY;
   PRACTICE PARAMETER; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; EARLY IDENTIFICATION;
   BEHAVIORAL-PROBLEMS; PRACTICE-COMMITTEE; SOCIETY; AUTISM
AB Early identification of developmental disorders is critical to the well-being of children and their families. It is an integral function of the primary care medical home and an appropriate responsibility of all pediatric health care professionals. This statement provides an algorithm as a strategy to support health care professionals in developing a pattern and practice for addressing developmental concerns in children from birth through 3 years of age. The authors recommend that developmental surveillance be incorporated at every well-child preventive care visit. Any concerns raised during surveillance should be promptly addressed with standardized developmental screening tests. In addition, screening tests should be administered regularly at the 9-, 18-, and 30-month visits. (Because the 30-month visit is not yet a part of the preventive care system and is often not reimbursable by third-party payers at this time, developmental screening can be performed at 24 months of age. In addition, because the frequency of regular pediatric visits decreases after 24 months of age, a pediatrician who expects that his or her patients will have difficulty attending a 30-month visit should conduct screening during the 24-month visit.) The early identification of developmental problems should lead to further developmental and medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment, including early developmental intervention. Children diagnosed with developmental disorders should be identified as children with special health care needs, and chronic-condition management should be initiated. Identification of a developmental disorder and its underlying etiology may also drive a range of treatment planning, from medical treatment of the child to family planning for his or her parents.
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NR 45
TC 330
Z9 331
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1
BP 405
EP 420
DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1231
PG 16
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 059II
UT WOS:000238726100049
ER

PT J
AU Fombonne, E
   Zakarian, R
   Bennett, A
   Meng, LY
   McLean-Heywood, D
AF Fombonne, E
   Zakarian, R
   Bennett, A
   Meng, LY
   McLean-Heywood, D
TI Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada:
   Prevalence and links with immunizations
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE school-aged child; autism; Asperger syndrome; childhood disintegrative
   disorder; pervasive developmental disorder; prevalence; epidemiology;
   immunization; thimerosal; ethylmercury; measles vaccine; MMR
ID THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER; RUBELLA
   VACCINATION; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN;
   POPULATION; MEASLES; MUMPS; MMR
AB BACKGROUND. The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders has increased in recent years. Links with the measles component of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the cumulative exposure to thimerosal through other vaccines have been postulated. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to estimate the pervasive developmental disorder prevalence in Montreal, Canada, in cohorts born from 1987 to 1998 and evaluate the relationship of trends in pervasive developmental disorder rates with: (1) changes in cumulative exposure to ethylmercury (thimerosal) occurring through modifications in the immunization schedule of young children and (2) trends in measles-mumps-rubella vaccination use rates and the introduction of a 2-measles-mumps-rubella dosing schedule during the study period.
   METHODS. We surveyed 27 749 children born from 1987 to 1998 attending 55 schools from the largest Anglophone school board. Children with pervasive developmental disorders were identified by a special needs team. The cumulative exposure by age 2 years to thimerosal was calculated for 1987-1998 birth cohorts. Ethylmercury exposure ranged from medium (100-125 mu g) from 1987 to 1991 to high (200-225 mu g) from 1992 to 1995 to nil from 1996 onwards when thimerosal was entirely discontinued. Measles-mumps-rubella coverage for each birth cohort was estimated through surveys of vaccination rates. The immunization schedule included a measles-mumps-rubella single dose at 12 months of age up to 1995, and a second measles-mumps-rubella dose at 18 months of age was added on after 1996.
   RESULTS. We found 180 children (82.8% males) with a pervasive developmental disorder diagnosis who attended the surveyed schools, yielding a prevalence for pervasive developmental disorder of 64.9 per 10 000. The prevalence for specific pervasive developmental disorder subtypes were, for autistic disorder: 21.6 of 10 000; for pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified: 32.8 of 10 000; and for Asperger syndrome: 10.1 of 10 000. A statistically significant linear increase in pervasive developmental disorder prevalence was noted during the study period. The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in thimerosal-free birth cohorts was significantly higher than that in thimerosal-exposed cohorts (82.7 of 10 000 vs 59.5 of 10 000). Using logistic regression models of the prevalence data, we found no significant effect of thimerosal exposure used either as a continuous or a categorical variable. Thus, thimerosal exposure was unrelated to the increasing trend in pervasive developmental disorder prevalence. These results were robust when additional analyses were performed to address possible limitations because of the ecological nature of the data and to evaluate potential effects of misclassification on exposure or diagnosis. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination coverage averaged 93% during the study interval with a statistically significant decreasing trend from 96.1% in the older birth cohorts (1988-89) to similar to 92.4% in younger birth cohorts (1996-1998). Thus, pervasive developmental disorder rates significantly increased when measles-mumps-rubella vaccination uptake rates significantly decreased. In addition, pervasive developmental disorder prevalence increased at the same rate before and after the introduction in 1996 of the second measles-mumps-rubella dose, suggesting no increased risk of pervasive developmental disorder associated with a 2-measles-mumps-rubella dosing schedule before age 2 years. Results held true when additional analyses were performed to test for the potential effects of misclassification on exposure or diagnostic status. Thus, no relationship was found between pervasive developmental disorder rates and 1- or 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella immunization schedule.
   CONCLUSIONS. The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in Montreal was high, increasing in recent birth cohorts as found in most countries. Factors accounting for the increase include a broadening of diagnostic concepts and criteria, increased awareness and, therefore, better identification of children with pervasive developmental disorders in communities and epidemiologic surveys, and improved access to services. The findings ruled out an association between pervasive developmental disorder and either high levels of ethylmercury exposure comparable with those experienced in the United States in the 1990s or 1- or 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations.
C1 McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada.
   Lester B Pearson Sch Board, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 4018 Ste Catherine W, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada.
EM eric.fombonne@mcgill.ca
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NR 72
TC 107
Z9 110
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 118
IS 1
BP E139
EP E150
DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2993
PG 12
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 059II
UT WOS:000238726100081
PM 16818529
ER

PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
AF Baron-Cohen, Simon
TI The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism
SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE Asperger Syndrome; assortative mating; autism; systemizing
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
   COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; CENTRAL COHERENCE; VISUAL-SEARCH; CHILDREN; ADULTS;
   REPRESENTATION; PERFORMANCE
AB The hyper-systemizing theory of autism proposes that the systemizing mechanism is set too high in people with autism. As a result, they can only cope with highly lawful systems, and cannot cope with systems of high variance or change (such as the social world of other minds). They appear 'change-resistant'. This proposal extends the extreme male brain theory of autism. Finally, evidence is reviewed for autism being the genetic result of assortative mating of two high systemizers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM sb205@cam.ac.uk
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NR 72
TC 58
Z9 61
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-5846
J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH
JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 30
IS 5
BP 865
EP 872
DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.010
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 055NU
UT WOS:000238458200009
PM 16519981
ER

PT J
AU Rossi, L
AF Rossi, Lavinia
TI Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related conditions
SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-BLIND; AUTISM
C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Psichiat Neurobiol Farmacol & Biotec, Pisa, Italy.
RP Rossi, L (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Psichiat Neurobiol Farmacol & Biotec, Pisa, Italy.
EM lavinia.rossi@mssm.edu
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NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0048-5713
J9 PSYCHIAT ANN
JI Psychiatr. Ann.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 7
BP 514
EP 517
PG 4
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 063UD
UT WOS:000239044500010
ER

PT J
AU Grossberg, S
   Seidman, D
AF Grossberg, Stephen
   Seidman, Don
TI Neural dynamics of autistic behaviors: Cognitive, emotional, and timing
   substrates
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; learning; hypervigilance; Adaptive Resonance Theory; adaptive
   timing
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; VISUAL EVOKED-RESPONSE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL
   DISORDERS; ADAPTIVE PATTERN-CLASSIFICATION; PRIMATE PREFRONTAL CORTEX;
   CEREBELLAR PURKINJE-CELLS; INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX; VESTIBULO-OCULAR
   REFLEX; BAT AUDITORY-SYSTEM; SPECTRUM DISORDER
AB What brain mechanisms underlie autism, and how do they give rise to autistic behavioral symptoms? This article describes a neural model, called the Imbalanced Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory (iSTART) model, that proposes how cognitive, emotional, timing, and motor processes that involve brain regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum may interact to create and perpetuate autistic symptoms. These model processes were originally developed to explain data concerning how the brain controls normal behaviors. The iSTART.model shows how autistic behavioral symptoms may arise from prescribed breakdowns in these brain processes, notably a combination of underaroused emotional depression in the amygdala and related affective brain regions, learning of hyperspecific recognition categories in the temporal and prefrontal cortices, and breakdowns of adaptively timed attentional and motor circuits in the hippocampal system and cerebellum. The model clarifies how malfunctions in a subset of these mechanisms can, through a systemwide vicious circle of environmentally mediated feedback, cause and maintain problems with them all.
C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Adapt Syst, Dept Cognit & Neural Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Boston Univ, Ctr Excellence Learning Educ Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   DuPage Med Grp, Elmhurst, NY USA.
RP Grossberg, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Adapt Syst, Dept Cognit & Neural Syst, 677 Beacon St, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM steve@bu.edu
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NR 313
TC 51
Z9 53
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0033-295X
EI 1939-1471
J9 PSYCHOL REV
JI Psychol. Rev.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 113
IS 3
BP 483
EP 525
DI 10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.483
PG 43
WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 059UJ
UT WOS:000238757400003
PM 16802879
ER

PT J
AU Schreck, KA
   Williams, K
AF Schreck, Kimberly A.
   Williams, Keith
TI Food preferences and factors influencing food selectivity for children
   with autism spectrum disorders
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE food; children; autism spectrum disorder
AB Although clinicians and parents widely accept that children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit more feeding problems than their typically developing peers, little information is available concerning the characteristic food items accepted by these children or the possible factors contributing to these feeding problems. This article used an informant-based questionnaire to survey parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (N= 138) to determine: (a) the types of feeding problems their children typically exhibit, (b) the food items their children prefer, (c) the relationship of feeding problems to family eating preferences, and (d) the relationship of the diagnostic characteristics of autism to feeding behavior. Results indicated that the children preferred fewer types of food items within groups than their families; however, family food preferences appeared to influence food selection more than the diagnostic characteristics of autism. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, Middletown, PA 17047 USA.
   Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA USA.
RP Schreck, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Psychol Program, 777 W Harrisburg Pike,W157 Olmsted Bldg, Middletown, PA 17047 USA.
EM kas24@psu.edu
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NR 20
TC 65
Z9 72
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 353
EP 363
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.03.005
PG 11
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072OD
UT WOS:000239681800001
PM 16043324
ER

PT J
AU Whittingham, K
   Sofronoff, K
   Sheffield, JK
AF Whittingham, K.
   Sofronoff, K.
   Sheffield, J. K.
TI Stepping Stones Triple P: A pilot study to evaluate acceptability of the
   program by parents of a child diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Stepping Stones Triple P; Autism Spectrum Disorder; parenting programs
ID FOLLOW-UP; BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE
AB The experience of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in standard parenting programs has not been researched, although anecdotal evidence suggests that they do not find them acceptable. Forty-two parents of children with ASD were asked to view a DVD explaining individual parenting strategies from Stepping Stones, a new branch of the Triple P program targeted specifically at parents of children with disabilities. Parents were asked to rate each strategy for acceptability, usability and behavioural intention, i.e., their intention to use the strategy. Additionally, parental attributions and parental perceived control were explored as possible barriers to positive evaluations of Stepping Stones parenting strategies. A focus group of parents was used to gather more detailed parent response to the program. Parent responses to the program were generally positive and attribution of the child's behaviour to uncontrollable factors was found to predict higher ratings of usability. The results were interpreted within the context of Weiner's attributional theory and the theory of reasoned action. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Sofronoff, K (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM kate@psy.uq.edu.au
RI Whittingham, Koa/C-6766-2009
OI Whittingham, Koa/0000-0002-5344-9907
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NR 23
TC 23
Z9 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 364
EP 380
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.003
PG 17
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072OD
UT WOS:000239681800002
PM 16051461
ER

PT J
AU Fossett, B
   Mirenda, P
AF Fossett, Brenda
   Mirenda, Pat
TI Sight word reading in children with developmental disabilities: A
   comparison of paired associate and picture-to-text matching instruction
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE literacy; sight word recognition; paired associate learning; matching
ID VOCABULARY; ACQUISITION; PROMPTS; PROGRAM; AUTISM
AB Numerous instructional techniques have been used to teach sight word reading skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. The results of research incorporating paired associate instruction, in which familiar pictures are paired with unknown print stimuli, suggest that pictures "block" (i.e., interfere with) learners' ability to recognize novel text. On the other hand, there is some evidence that both stimulus fading and picture-to-text matching techniques can be used successfully to teach sight word recognition. The present study used an adapted alternating treatments design [Sindelar, R T., Rosenberg, M. S., & Wilson, R. J. (1985). An adapted alternating treatments design for instructional research. Education and Treatment of Children, 8, 67-76] to compare paired associate and picture-to-text matching techniques for teaching a small corpus of unknown words to two children with developmental disabilities. Results indicated that the picture-to-text matching condition was more effective than the paired associate condition for developing a small sight word vocabulary. Follow-up data for one participant showed that skills developed using the picture-to-text matching strategy were maintained 4 months after intervention. Further research is necessary to extend these findings, particularly in terms of the development of larger sight word vocabularies and the transition from sight word reading to more conventional reading skills. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Fac Educ, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Mirenda, P (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Educ, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM pat.mirenda@ubc.ca
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NR 46
TC 11
Z9 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 411
EP 429
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.006
PG 19
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072OD
UT WOS:000239681800005
PM 16112841
ER

PT J
AU Kaplan, H
   Clopton, M
   Kaplan, M
   Messbauer, L
   McPherson, K
AF Kaplan, H.
   Clopton, M.
   Kaplan, M.
   Messbauer, L.
   McPherson, K.
TI Snoezelen multi-sensory environments: Task engagement and generalization
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE snoezelen multi-sensory environments; autism; challenging behaviors;
   intellectual disability; occupational therapy
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; ADULTS; ROOM
AB These experiments explored whether behavioral improvements observed during Snoezelen OT treatment sessions carried over to two different settings for three people with moderate/severe intellectual disability, autism and severe challenging behaviors. Experiment I explored engagement during a functional task immediately following the treatment sessions while experiment 2 explored changes in the frequencies of challenging behaviors on the days after treatment sessions. lnvestigators found carryover for two of the three participants to both post-session engagement as well as to the daily frequency of challenging behaviors on days following the OT sessions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Lifespire, Woodhaven, NY 11421 USA.
   Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA.
RP Kaplan, H (reprint author), Lifespire, 84-03 96th St, Woodhaven, NY 11421 USA.
EM howiedr@aol.com
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   Ayres J., 1972, SENSORY INTEGRATION
   CARR E, 2000, COMMUNICATION BASED
   Cook T. D., 1979, QUASIEXPERIMENTATION
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   Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI
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NR 13
TC 11
Z9 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 443
EP 455
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.007
PG 13
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072OD
UT WOS:000239681800007
PM 16122905
ER

PT J
AU Holden, B
   Gitlesen, JP
AF Holden, Borge
   Gitlesen, Jens Petter
TI A total population study of challenging behaviour in the county of
   Hedmark, Norway: Prevalence, and risk markers
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE challenging behaviour; mental retardation; prevalence; risk markers
ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
   PEOPLE; ADULTS; DISABILITIES; HANDICAP
AB Studies in Britain and the US indicate that 10-15% of people with mental retardation show challenging behaviour, like attacking others (aggression), self-injurious behaviour, destruction, and other difficult, disruptive or socially unacceptable acts. Most researchers indicate that challenging behaviour is more common among adolescents and young adults, among males, is associated with autism, and increases with lack of communication skills and severity of mental retardation. These factors can be understood as risk markers, and some of them can be decreased by preventive and treatment interventions, at least in principle. The present study confirmed most of the previous findings, with some exceptions: the prevalence of more demanding challenging behaviour was somewhat lower in the present study, and no association between gender and challenging behaviour was found. We also concluded that declining prevalence of challenging behaviour at older ages is not a result of a young age structure of the population. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Habiliteringstjenesten Voksne, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway.
   Stavanger Univ Coll, Stavanger, Norway.
RP Holden, B (reprint author), Habiliteringstjenesten Voksne, Hedmark Naeringspk Bygg 15, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway.
EM Borge.Holden@sykehuset-innlandet.no
CR Alborz A., 1994, CHALLENGING BEHAV SU
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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   EMERSON E, 1997, 5 U MANCH HEST ADR R
   FOXX RM, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P67, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90005-S
   HARRIS P, 1993, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V37, P221
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   Mansell J., 1994, SEVERE LEARNING DISA, P17
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   McClintock K, 2003, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V47, P405, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x
   MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359
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NR 26
TC 114
Z9 114
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 4
BP 456
EP 465
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.06.001
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072OD
UT WOS:000239681800008
PM 16137857
ER

PT J
AU Maldonado, GG
   Velasquez, VMJ
AF Maldonado, Gerardo Garcia
   Joffre Velasquez, Victor Manuel
TI Psychopharmacotherapy in children and adolescents general principles. A
   review
SO SALUD MENTAL
LA English
DT Article
DE psychopharmacotherapy; children and adolescents; general principles;
   child psychiatry
ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER;
   MEDICATION ALGORITHM PROJECT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONSENSUS
   CONFERENCE PANEL; MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL;
   DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AGGRESSIVE YOUTH TRAAY; ANXIETY
   DISORDERS
AB The work of Charles Bradley done in 1937, which reports the effects of Benzedrine in 30 pediatric patients that had behaviour problems, is a classic document considered by many as the beginning of child psychopharmacotherapy.
   In spite of a coordinated effort made by the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States carried out by a panel, called "Conferences on Infantile Research in Psychopharmacology", for many years this practice kept being inarticulate.
   Psychopharmacotherapy in adults with psychiatric diseases has had a different development. During the decade of 1950 substances such as chlorpromazine and tricycle antidepressives started to be used in clinical practice and between 1980 and 1990 new products were developed for treating schizophrenia, depression and mania. Even if there is no such as the "ideal drug", the new psychopharmacological developments have allowed patients to have a better quality of life.
   In pediatric population the difficulty to conduct controlled clinical tests has been a constant; for this reason the practice of child psychopharmacotherapy keeps facing challenges; also, in the United States several very strict norms have been dictated in order to endorse the security and efficacy of a product for infantile use. Other problems faced today in clinical practice are the excesive use of medications for minors prescribed by people without enough practice and academic information, and also the deficient therapeutic results provoked by wrong prescriptions. But the worst of all are the false promises made to relatives and patients, on the usage of products or substances that have not been tested by a rigorous scientific scrutiny, specially concerning diffused clinical problems such as the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism. These facts, most of all, determine the rejection and fear for medications and become an adverse variable that we must face continuously.
   The main objective of this work is to make a review about the general principles that are suggested for a good psychopharmacotherapy on children and teen-alters, a practice that must always be part of a planned multimode treatment that follows an adequate paidopsychiatric evaluation.
   A right diagnose will always be important for the appropriate selection of the medication. The development of taxonomies such as those described in the Mental Disorders Statistics and Diagnostic Manual of the American Psychiatric Association or by the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization, have allowed the existence of an order in the elaboration of paidopsychiatric diagnosis, that even if being mainly descriptive, allow to make a more structured clinical work. The parameters for the psychiatric evaluation of children and teenagers recommended by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) in 1997 is an example of the importance that proves the attention on minors, its objective is to give a guide without pretending to make it a golden standard. The selection of a medication must be based on two premises: a diagnose of the disorder itself, and on the other hand, the recognition of target symptoms. Considering this interrelation will allow a more acceptable evaluation on the risks and benefits of a pharmacological prescription for children and teen-alters.
   Thus pediatric psychopharmacotherapy must be based on the correlation between the actions and effects of drugs and the biochemical and evolving aspects of the disorder, but it will also be necessary that the professional be aware of the changes that inevitably will take place in the dynamic of absorption, distribution and elimination of the medications according to the stage of the biological child's development.
   When someone deals with very small children, it is almost impossible for the child psychiatrist to get direct information as it is for children to understand the information that the expert would pretend to give them. This constrains to consider the cognitive and verbal realities proper of each stage of the development, so the direct evaluation of the small patient must be complemented with reports of a multi-informers system. It will be fundamental to consider also that small children have little differentiated emotions and that it must not be ignored that for them concepts such as time and space are difficult to understand. Clinical exploration through recreational activities will be a primordial tool in the daily work with children. It will also be recommendable that the plan of the treatment be organized jointly with the parents of the minor in order to inform them completely about the goals and objectives of the prescription of a drug; the participation of the small patient must be included too. It must not be forgotten that the pharmacological treatment is part of a more integral attention program in which other experts must participate, such as pedagogues, clinical psychologists or language therapists, a fact that will be more common than irregular.
   The therapeutic adherence is a variable that must be constantly checked. If it is carried out irregularly or the wrong dose of the recommended drug is taken, the presence of symptoms as a result of the abrupt interruption of the medication could be confused with the adverse collateral effects, which would make worse the clinical condition.
   Pediatric patients must have a complete medical history complemented by a physical and neurological evaluation, which must be included in the registry of vital constants as well as size and weight of the minor; other registers could be more convenient if they are considered to be needed.
   The support on laboratory surveys plays an important roll and at the present time the recommendation for making an electrocardiography evaluation previous to the administration of some drugs is more accepted; in this sense it is undoubtedly important to consider the recommendations proposed by the American Association of Cardiology for monitoring the cardiovascular function of children and teen-agers who receive medications after prolonged periods of time.
   Polypharmacy is a common practice; due to this fact, the interaction between drug/ drug must be carefully valued. The child psychiatric evaluation must be made with the support of structured or semi-structured interviews for the clinical diagnosis and with evaluation scales for measuring the severity of the specific symptoms or global clinical conditions. The strategy for choosing a plan of pharmacological treatment for the pediatric patient must be made individually; in this sense, the development of algorithms for the administration of medications on children and teen-agers has been the result of many efforts in order to make prescriptions more rational and neat. The revision of controlled clinical tests on the efficacy and security of these agents in the pediatric population is fundamental for the election of a prescription.
   The responsibility of the professional that prescribes a medication devolves on structuring a plan of formal treatment and an individualized monitoring according to the stages of the treatment (beginning, maintenance and interruption). As it is expected, the expert must reach the maximum therapeutic benefit in a child or an adolescent with the minimum of collateral effects, evaluating always the risk and the benefits. Some authors recommend the prescription of drugs on children and teen-agers only for short periods of time as the non-desirable effects in long terms are not quite well known. There are no specific times for stopping the administration of a drug. However, it is recommended that during the stages of the treatment, clinical changes in minors be watched and registered rigorously, in order to be able to reduce or stop the dose in the appropriate moment, even in cases of clinical conditions such as schizophrenia, depression or development generalized disorders. The main objective of this clinical work will be that the quality of life of the minor becomes optimum.
C1 Hosp Psiquiatrico Tampico, Unidad Invest, Tampico 89130, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
   Hosp Psiquiatrico Tampico, Clin Ninos & Adolescentes, Tampico 89130, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
RP Maldonado, GG (reprint author), Hosp Psiquiatrico Tampico, Unidad Invest, Ejercito Mexicano 1403,Col Allende, Tampico 89130, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
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NR 73
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INST MEX PSIQUIATRIA
PI MEXICO CITY
PA CALZ MEXICO-XOCHIMILCO #101, MEXICO CITY 22 DF, MEXICO
SN 0185-3325
J9 SALUD MENT
JI Salud Ment.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 4
BP 30
EP 39
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 092IW
UT WOS:000241091200005
ER

PT J
AU Persico, AM
   Bourgeron, T
AF Persico, Antonio M.
   Bourgeron, Thomas
TI Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and
   environmental clues
SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th INMED/TINS Conference on Nature and Nurture in Brain Development and
   Neurological Disorders
CY SEP 04-07, 2005
CL La Ciotat, FRANCE
SP INMED, TINS
ID REELER MUTANT MICE; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; CPG-BINDING
   PROTEIN-2; X MENTAL-RETARDATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RETT-SYNDROME;
   NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   LOCUS; ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT
AB Our understanding of human disorders that affect higher cognitive functions has greatly advanced in recent decades, and over 20 genes associated with non-syndromic mental retardation have been identified during the past 15 years. However, proteins encoded by 'cognition genes' have such diverse neurodevelopmental functions that delineating specific pathogenetic pathways still poses a tremendous challenge. In this review, we summarize genetic, epigenetic and environmental contributions to neurodevelopmental alterations that either cause or confer vulnerability to autism, a disease primarily affecting social cognition. Taken together, these results begin to provide a unifying view of complex pathogenetic pathways that are likely to lead to autism spectrum disorders through altered neurite morphology, synaptogenesis and cell migration. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (hftp://inmednet.com/).
C1 Univ Rome, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00155 Rome, Italy.
   IRCCS, Fdn Santa Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
   Inst Pasteur, Lab Human Genet & Cognit Funct, F-75015 Paris, France.
   Univ Paris 07, F-75013 Paris, France.
RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Univ Rome, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Campus BioMed,Via Longoni 83, I-00155 Rome, Italy.
EM a.persico@unicampus.it
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NR 133
TC 248
Z9 259
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0166-2236
J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI
JI Trends Neurosci.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 7
BP 349
EP 358
DI 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.010
PG 10
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 075UB
UT WOS:000239909600002
PM 16808981
ER

PT J
AU Zilbovicius, M
   Meresse, I
   Chabane, N
   Brunelle, F
   Samson, Y
   Boddaert, N
AF Zilbovicius, Monica
   Meresse, Isabelle
   Chabane, Nadia
   Brunelle, Francis
   Samson, Yves
   Boddaert, Nathalie
TI Autism, the superior temporal sulcus and social perception
SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th INMED/TINS Conference on Nature and Nurture in Brain Development and
   Neurological Disorders
CY SEP 04-07, 2005
CL La Ciotat, FRANCE
SP INMED, TINS
ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FACE PERCEPTION; AUDITORY-CORTEX;
   GRASP REPRESENTATIONS; BRAIN ACTIVITY; EYE GAZE; FMRI; ACTIVATION; PET
AB The most common clinical sign of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is social interaction impairment, which is associated with communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Based on recent brain-imaging results, our hypothesis is that abnormalities in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) are highly implicated in ASD. STS abnormalities are characterized by decreased gray matter concentration, rest hypoperfusion and abnormal activation during social tasks. STS anatomical and functional anomalies occurring during early brain development could constitute the first step in the cascade of neural dysfunction underlying ASD. We will focus this review on the STS, which has been highly implicated in social cognition. We will review recent data on the contribution of the STS to normal social cognition and review brain-imaging data implicating this area in ASD. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet. com/).
C1 CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, UMR 0205, INSERM, F-91406 Orsay, France.
   Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Serv Urgences Cerebrovasc, AP HP, F-75013 Paris, France.
   Hop Robert Debre, Serv Pedopsychiat, AP HP, F-75019 Paris, France.
   Univ Paris 05, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, AP HP, F-75007 Paris, France.
RP Zilbovicius, M (reprint author), CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, UMR 0205, INSERM, 4 Pl Gen Leclerc, F-91406 Orsay, France.
EM mozilbo@gmail.com
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NR 53
TC 126
Z9 131
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0166-2236
J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI
JI Trends Neurosci.
PD JUL
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 7
BP 359
EP 366
DI 10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.004
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 075UB
UT WOS:000239909600003
PM 16806505
ER

PT J
AU Gyseler, D
AF Gyseler, Dominik
TI The problematic case of neuropedagogics
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGIK
LA German
DT Article
ID CORTICAL ACTIVATION; AUTISM; BRAIN; AMYGDALA; EDUCATION; CONNECTIVITY;
   CORTEX; FMRI
AB It is the aim of neuropedagogics to better understand the pedagogically relevant characteristics of learning and behavior on the basis of neuroscientific insights, in order to adequately direct educational measures towards individual motivational and content-specific learning dispositions. The results, however, are highly controversal. It is the authors aim to give a precise definition of the actual problem. Accordingly, he examines whether the problem of neuropedagogics is of a principal, conceptual, or empirical nature. On the basis of this problem analysis, he pleads for a content-related shifting of the major issues from neuropedagogics to the neuroscientific fundamentals of pedagogics.
C1 Hsch Heilpadag Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Gyseler, D (reprint author), Hsch Heilpadag Zurich, Schaffhauserstr 239, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
PU VERLAG JULIUS BELTZ
PI WEINHEIM
PA AM HAUPTBAHNHOF 10 POSTFACH 1120, W-6940 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0044-3247
J9 Z PADAGOGIK
JI Z. Padagog.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2006
VL 52
IS 4
BP 555
EP 570
PG 16
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 064SH
UT WOS:000239108900006
ER

PT J
AU Jugloff, DGM
   Logan, R
   Eubanks, JH
AF Jugloff, DGM
   Logan, R
   Eubanks, JH
TI Breeding and maintenance of an Mecp2-deficient mouse model of Rett
   syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE Rett syndrome; animal model; breeding; methyl DNA-binding factor
ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; MECP2 DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION; NEURONS; AUTISM;
   BRAIN; UBE3A; MICE
AB In this report, we present a retrospective assessment of our experiences in maintaining a colony of Mecp2-deficient mice, and present conditions that we have found to foster breeding success of this mutant mouse strain. Data from our colony of mutant Mecp2 mice show that the Mecp2-null allele is under-represented in the weaned litter population, that litters born to heterozygous Mecp2-null females are consistently smaller in number than wild-type, and that fewer litters from heterozygous Mecp2-null females survive to weaning age than wild-type. Our results also reveal that overall litter viability is significantly higher in heterozygous Mecp2-null females that frequently breed, and that the addition of sunflower seeds to the cages of expecting dams improves the overall breeding success of these mice. Taken together, these data highlight the breeding tendencies for this mutant mouse strain, and from these data, we suggest strategies to maximise their breeding efficiency. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Western Res Inst, Div Cellular & Mol Biol, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Epilepsy Res Program, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
RP Eubanks, JH (reprint author), Univ Hlth Network, Toronto Western Res Inst, Div Cellular & Mol Biol, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
EM jeubanks@uhnres.utoronto.ca
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NR 17
TC 13
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0270
J9 J NEUROSCI METH
JI J. Neurosci. Methods
PD JUN 30
PY 2006
VL 154
IS 1-2
BP 89
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.002
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 059LE
UT WOS:000238733500010
PM 16439027
ER

PT J
AU Moldin, SO
   Rubenstein, JLR
   Hyman, SE
AF Moldin, Steven O.
   Rubenstein, John L. R.
   Hyman, Steven E.
TI Can autism speak to neuroscience?
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE amygdala; autism; cerebellum; neurodevelopment; genetics; mGluR
ID X MENTAL-RETARDATION; RETT-SYNDROME; INTERNEURON DEVELOPMENT; SYNAPTIC
   PLASTICITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; HOMEOBOX GENES; MOUSE MODEL; CHILDREN;
   BRAIN; NEUROLIGINS
C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   Univ So Calif, Off Vice Provost Res Advancement, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Cambridge, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Off Provost, Cambridge, MA 02115 USA.
RP Moldin, SO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, DC Off Res Advancement, 1341 G St,NW,8th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
EM moldin@usc.edu
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NR 51
TC 18
Z9 18
PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0270-6474
J9 J NEUROSCI
JI J. Neurosci.
PD JUN 28
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 26
BP 6893
EP 6896
DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1944-06.2006
PG 4
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 060LT
UT WOS:000238804400001
PM 16807319
ER

PT J
AU DiCicco-Bloom, E
   Lord, C
   Zwaigenbaum, L
   Courchesne, E
   Dager, SR
   Schmitz, C
   Schultz, RT
   Crawley, J
   Young, LJ
AF DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel
   Lord, Catherine
   Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie
   Courchesne, Eric
   Dager, Stephen R.
   Schmitz, Christoph
   Schultz, Robert T.
   Crawley, Jacqueline
   Young, Larry J.
TI The developmental neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE cerebellum; autism; behavior; cognitive; brain development; imaging;
   mice; fMRI; genetics; Purkinje neurons; human forebrain development;
   cerebral cortex
ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE;
   HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE;
   MENTAL-RETARDATION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SONIC HEDGEHOG;
   FRONTAL-CORTEX
C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Cell Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat Neurol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Ctr Autism Res, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neuropsychol, Div Cellular Neurosci, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands.
   Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr & Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Intramural Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
RP DiCicco-Bloom, E (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Cell Biol, 675 Hoes Lane,RWJSPH Room 362, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM diciccem@umdnj.edu
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NR 139
TC 158
Z9 161
PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0270-6474
J9 J NEUROSCI
JI J. Neurosci.
PD JUN 28
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 26
BP 6897
EP 6906
DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1712-06.2006
PG 10
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 060LT
UT WOS:000238804400002
PM 16807320
ER

PT J
AU Donnay, A
AF Donnay, A
TI Origins of autism
SO NEW SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD
PI SUTTON
PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND
SN 0262-4079
J9 NEW SCI
JI New Sci.
PD JUN 17
PY 2006
VL 190
IS 2556
BP 26
EP 26
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 056KF
UT WOS:000238520900030
ER

PT J
AU Powers, MK
AF Powers, MK
TI Improving visual skills: a new internet application
SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Biennial Conference on Development in Vision Enhancement Technology and
   Their Evaluation
CY JUN 03-04, 2005
CL Morgantown, WV
SP Natl Sci Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, West Virginia Univ Eye Inst
HO West Virginia Univ
ID PERFORMANCE
AB The object of this paper is to describe an internet-based system and technique for improving performance on visuomotor tasks. The technique can be used in any setting where the internet can be accessed, and can be adapted for improving a variety of visual tasks. Sample learning curves for acquiring the visual skills of accommodative facility, saccadic tracking and binocular fusion are presented, from three subjects ages 7 and 9, including one child diagnosed with autism. The database structure of the system allows powerful data storage and retrieval options for use in providing feedback on performance, online monitoring of progress by an external observer, and statistical analysis of group and individual data.
C1 Gemstone Fdn, Inst Res, Rodeo, CA 94572 USA.
RP Powers, MK (reprint author), Gemstone Fdn, Inst Res, 575 San Pablo Ave,Suite D, Rodeo, CA 94572 USA.
EM maureenpowers@gemstonefoundation.org
CR BARBER A, 2000, OPTOMETRYS ROLE JUVE
   Bonilla-Warford N, 2004, J OPTOM VIS DEV, V35, P108
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NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0340
J9 J MOD OPTIC
JI J. Mod. Opt.
PD JUN 15
PY 2006
VL 53
IS 9
BP 1313
EP 1323
DI 10.1080/09500340600619148
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 048IA
UT WOS:000237939600012
ER

PT J
AU Gundelfinger, R
AF Gundelfinger, Ronnie
TI Early identification of children at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
SO SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU E M H SWISS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS LTD
PI MUTTENZ
PA FARNSBURGERSTR 8, CH-4132 MUTTENZ, SWITZERLAND
SN 1424-7860
J9 SWISS MED WKLY
JI Swiss Med. Wkly.
PD JUN 10
PY 2006
VL 136
SU 151
BP 9S
EP 9S
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 052IO
UT WOS:000238227600019
ER

PT J
AU Locher, A
   Weber, P
AF Locher, A.
   Weber, P.
TI Neurobiological findings in children with infantile autism
SO SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Childrens HOsp Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU E M H SWISS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS LTD
PI MUTTENZ
PA FARNSBURGERSTR 8, CH-4132 MUTTENZ, SWITZERLAND
SN 1424-7860
J9 SWISS MED WKLY
JI Swiss Med. Wkly.
PD JUN 10
PY 2006
VL 136
SU 151
BP 31S
EP 31S
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 052IO
UT WOS:000238227600093
ER

PT J
AU Lancefield, K
   Nosarti, C
   Rifkin, L
   Allin, M
   Sham, P
   Murray, R
AF Lancefield, Kristin
   Nosarti, Chiara
   Rifkin, Larry
   Allin, Matt
   Sham, Pak
   Murray, Robin
TI Cerebral asymmetry in 14 year olds born very preterm
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescent; fronto-occipital; structural asymmetry; torque
ID ULTRASOUND APPEARANCE; HUMAN-BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INFANTS; ADOLESCENTS;
   VOLUMES; MRI; HANDEDNESS; RELATIVES; BIRTH
AB The normal pattern of cerebral asymmetry maybe altered in neuro developmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Babies born very preterm have an increased risk of brain damage, and brain abnormalities which persist into adolescence. This study aimed to ascertain whether preterm. birth affects the development of fronto-occipital asymmetry. Structural MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans from 14 year old individuals born very preterm. (n = 61; mean age 14 years 11 months; 29 male) and age-matched full-term controls (n = 49; mean age 14 years 11 months; 31 male) under-went morphometric analysis, using well-validated stereological methods. Measurements of right and left prefrontal, premotor, sensorimotor and occipitoparietal regional volumes were made and asymmetry indices calculated. These factors underwent a reductive factor analysis. There were no significant between-group differences in fronto-occipital asymmetry between the preterm. adolescents and their full-term counterparts. It seems unlikely, therefore, that preterm birth per se deviates the development of normal fronto-occipital asymmetry. Neonatal periventricular haemorrhage with ventricular dilatation revealed by ultrasound may be associated with reversal of asymmetry in the sensorimotor area. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med, Sect Gen Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
   Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens Mental Hlth Sci, London, England.
   Inst Psychiat, Stat Genet Grp, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London, England.
RP Nosarti, C (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med, Sect Gen Psychiat, Room M5-01-05,POB 63,16 De Crespigny Pk,Denmark H, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM c.nosarti@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Nosarti, Chiara/C-2023-2008; Nosarti, Chiara/G-5638-2010
OI Nosarti, Chiara/0000-0001-6305-9710
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NR 32
TC 7
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD JUN 6
PY 2006
VL 1093
BP 33
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.097
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 064CZ
UT WOS:000239068100005
PM 16696955
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Sensory perceptual issues in autism and Asperger syndrome: Different
   sensory experiences-different perceptual worlds.
SO ADOLESCENCE
LA English
DT Book Review
CR Bogdashina O, 2003, SENSORY PERCEPTUAL I
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA
SN 0001-8449
J9 ADOLESCENCE
JI Adolescence
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 162
BP 393
EP 393
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 079IN
UT WOS:000240169400015
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Engaging autism: Using the floortime approach to help children relate,
   communicate, and think.
SO ADOLESCENCE
LA English
DT Book Review
CR Greenspan SI, 2006, ENGAGING AUTISM USIN
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA
SN 0001-8449
J9 ADOLESCENCE
JI Adolescence
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 162
BP 399
EP 399
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 079IN
UT WOS:000240169400025
ER

PT J
AU Giarelli, E
   Pinto-Martin, J
AF Giarelli, E.
   Pinto-Martin, J.
TI Feasibility of obtaining parental consent for special education record
   review in autism surveillance.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology
CY JUN 21-24, 2006
CL Seattle, WA
C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Autism & Dev Disabil Res Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 11
SU S
BP S12
EP S12
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 051AP
UT WOS:000238132900046
ER

PT J
AU Hertz-Picciotto, I
AF Hertz-Picciotto, I.
TI Is the incidence of autism rising? And do we have an epidemic?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology
CY JUN 21-24, 2006
CL Seattle, WA
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 11
SU S
BP S86
EP S86
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 051AP
UT WOS:000238132900344
ER

PT J
AU Kancherla, V
   Dennis, LK
AF Kancherla, V.
   Dennis, L. K.
TI A meta-analysis of prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risks for autism.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology
CY JUN 21-24, 2006
CL Seattle, WA
C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 11
SU S
BP S20
EP S20
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 051AP
UT WOS:000238132900081
ER

PT J
AU Nicholas, JS
   King, L
   Carpenter, L
   Jenner, W
   Charles, J
AF Nicholas, J. S.
   King, L.
   Carpenter, L.
   Jenner, W.
   Charles, J.
TI Characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders in South
   Carolina.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology
CY JUN 21-24, 2006
CL Seattle, WA
C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Columbia, SC USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 11
SU S
BP S20
EP S20
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 051AP
UT WOS:000238132900079
ER

PT J
AU Descheemaeker, MJ
   Govers, V
   Vermeulen, P
   Fryns, JP
AF Descheemaeker, MJ
   Govers, V
   Vermeulen, P
   Fryns, JP
TI Pervasive developmental disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome: The Leuven
   experience in 59 subjects and controls
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE pervasive developmental disorders (PDD); Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS);
   mental retardation; behavioral phenotype; autism; learning disabilities;
   uniparental maternal disomy (UPD); chromosome 15
ID MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; MALADAPTIVE
   BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROXIMAL 15Q; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS;
   PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; AUTISM
AB In the present study we investigated the co-morbidity of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in 59 Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) individuals and in 59 non-specific mentally retarded controls, matched for IQ, gender, and age. The 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder Mentally Retardation Scale' (PDD-MRScale), a screening questionnaire based on the DSM-III-R criteria for PDD, has been applied in the PWS group and in the control group. Results of the present study revealed a striking autistic-like behavioral phenotype in the majority of the PWS individuals, particularly deficits in the quality of language and communication and of imagination and interests. This intersection with autistic symptomatology is an important addition to the behavioral phenotype in PWS persons. A first approach to delineate subtypes of autistic symptomalogy among PWS persons was performed. Nineteen percent of the PWS group did meet the full diagnostic DSM-III-R criteria for PDD in comparison with 15% in the control group. Results revealed that a higher IQ in PWS does not protect to develop genuine PDD and that uniparental disomy/imprinting mutation as genetic origin seems to be an additional risk factor for developing genuine PDD. The results of the present study suggest the importance of reconsidering the commonly recognized obsessive-compulsive like behavior in PWS persons within the broader spectrum of autism disorders. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
   Ctr Concrete Commun, Ghent, Belgium.
RP Descheemaeker, MJ (reprint author), Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Herestr 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
EM Mie-Jef.Descheemaeker@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
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NR 54
TC 36
Z9 37
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4825
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 140A
IS 11
BP 1136
EP 1142
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31235
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 049BK
UT WOS:000237990300002
PM 16646032
ER

PT J
AU Leonard, H
   De Klerk, N
   Bourke, J
   Bower, C
AF Leonard, H
   De Klerk, N
   Bourke, J
   Bower, C
TI Maternal health in pregnancy and intellectual disability in the
   offspring: A population-based study
SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE maternal health; pregnancy; intellectual disability; mental retardation;
   asthma; diabetes; Australia
ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME; AGE-CHILDREN BORN;
   WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DIABETIC MOTHERS; RISK-FACTORS;
   SCHOOL-AGE; NEWBORN ENCEPHALOPATHY; PERINATAL RISK
AB PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between common maternal conditions and intellectual disability (ID) of unknown cause in the offspring.
   METHODS: Information about the maternal health of children with and without ID was obtained by using record linkage. For mothers with specific medical conditions, proportions of children with mild to moderate ID, severe ID, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with ID were compared with those who did not have ID.
   RESULTS: There was an increased risk for mild to moderate ID in children of mothers with asthma (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; confidence interval [CI], 1.26-1.831), diabetes (OR, 1.69; CI, 1.26-2.27), a renal or urinary condition (OR, 2.09; CI, 1.39-3.14), and epilepsy (OR, 3.53; CI, 2.56-4.84). ASD risk was increased for children of women with diabetes (OR, 2.89; CI, 1.28-6.51) and epilepsy (OR, 4.5 7; CI, 1.69-12.3 1). For anemia (n = 1101), there was an increased risk for severe ID (OR, 5.26; CI, 2.16-12.80).
   CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk for ID in offspring of mothers with such conditions as asthma and diabetes is particularly important for disadvantaged or ethnic populations, for whom these conditions are more prevalent and may be less well managed.
C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6872, Australia.
RP Leonard, H (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, POB 855, Perth, WA 6872, Australia.
EM hleonard@ichr.uwa.edu.au
RI Leonard, Helen/A-1010-2013
OI Leonard, Helen/0000-0001-6405-5834
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NR 53
TC 25
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1047-2797
J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL
JI Ann. Epidemiol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 16
IS 6
BP 448
EP 454
DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.05.002
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 049ZS
UT WOS:000238057500006
PM 16182562
ER

PT J
AU ElChaar, GM
   Maisch, NM
   Augusto, LMG
   Wehring, HJ
AF ElChaar, GM
   Maisch, NM
   Augusto, LMG
   Wehring, HJ
TI Efficacy and safety of naltrexone use in pediatric patients with
   autistic disorder
SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autistic disorder; naltrexone; pediatrics
ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CROSSOVER; BETA-ENDORPHIN LEVELS; DOUBLE-BLIND;
   INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SELF-INJURY; CHILDREN;
   PREVALENCE; WITHDRAWAL; SYMPTOMS
AB OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and safety of naltrexone in pediatric patients with autistic disorder (AD).
   DATA SOURCES: Using the terms pediatric, child, naltrexone, autism, and autistic disorder, a literature search was performed using MEDLINE (1966-May 18, 2006) and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1971-May 18, 2006) database. The references of these articles were scanned for additional relevant literature.
   STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles describing or evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of naltrexone in pediatric patients with AD were included in this review. Three case reports, 8 case series, and 14 clinical studies were identified as pertinent.
   DATA SYNTHESIS: Naltrexone has been used most commonly at doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day and found to be predominantly effective in decreasing self-injurious behavior. Naltrexone may also attenuate hyperactivity, agitation, irritability, temper tantrums, social withdrawal, and stereotyped behaviors. Patients may also exhibit improved attention and eye contact. Transient sedation was the most commonly reported adverse event. Small sample size, short duration, and inconsistent evaluative methods characterize the available research.
   CONCLUSIONS: A child affected by AD may benefit from a trial of naltrexone therapy, particularly if the child exhibits self-injurious behavior and other attempted therapies have failed. Serious adverse effects have not been reported in short-term studies.
C1 St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm, Clin Pharm Practice Dept, Queens, NY 11439 USA.
   St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, Queens, NY 11439 USA.
   Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Drug Informat Serv, New Hyde Pk, NY 11040 USA.
   Zucker Hillside Hosp, N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, Glen Oaks, NY USA.
RP Augusto, LMG (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm, Clin Pharm Practice Dept, SAH Rm 114,8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, NY 11439 USA.
EM giannil@stjohns.edu
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NR 39
TC 24
Z9 24
PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO
PI CINCINNATI
PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA
SN 1060-0280
J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER
JI Ann. Pharmacother.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 40
IS 6
BP 1086
EP 1095
DI 10.1345/aph.1G499
PG 10
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 054IF
UT WOS:000238369300011
PM 16735648
ER

PT J
AU Munson, J
   Dawson, G
   Abbott, R
   Faja, S
   Webb, SJ
   Friedman, SD
   Shaw, D
   Artru, A
   Dager, SR
AF Munson, Jeffrey
   Dawson, Geraldine
   Abbott, Robert
   Faja, Susan
   Webb, Sara Jane
   Friedman, Seth D.
   Shaw, Dennis
   Artru, Alan
   Dager, Stephen R.
TI Amygdalar volume and behavioral development in autism
SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; TEMPORAL-LOBE; BRAIN; CHILDREN;
   SPECTRUM; NEUROANATOMY; RECOGNITION; ADOLESCENTS; HIPPOCAMPUS
AB Context: The amygdala is associated with socioemotional function and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism.
   Objective: To examine the relationship between amygdalar volume at ages 3 and 4 years and severity of clinical course and outcome at 6 years of age in children with autism spectrum disorder.
   Design: Magnetic resonance images acquired at 3 and 4 years of age were used to measure total cerebral, amygdalar, and hippocampal volumes. Acquisition of social and communication skills was assessed semiannually using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Hierarchical linear models were used to predict variability in individual linear growth trajectories as a function of IQ, total cerebral, and amygdalar or hippocampal volumes.
   Setting: Longitudinal study of children with autism spectrum disorder.
   Participants: Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorders between 3 and 6 years of age.
   Main Outcome Measure: Linear growth trajectory of age equivalence Vineland communication and social scores.
   Results: Larger right amygdalar volume was associated with more severe social and communication impairments at ages 3 and 4 years. Larger right amygdalar volume also was predictive of poorer social and communication abilities at age 6 years, even after controlling for IQ and total cerebral volume. Parallel analyses with hippocampal volumes found no relationship to social or communication development.
   Conclusions: Larger right amygdalar volume at 3 and 4 years of age, but not left amygdalar, hippocampal, or total cerebral volume, is associated with a more severe clinical course and worse outcome at age 6 years in children with autism spectrum disorder. These results provide additional evidence that amygdalar development is implicated in the behavioral impairments found in autism.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Educ Psychol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA.
   Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Dager, SR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 1100 NE 45th St,Suite 555, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM srd@u.washington.edu
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NR 52
TC 79
Z9 84
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 0003-990X
J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT
JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 6
BP 686
EP 693
DI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.686
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 049XD
UT WOS:000238050200011
PM 16754842
ER

PT J
AU Lord, C
   Risi, S
   DiLavore, PS
   Shulman, C
   Thurm, A
   Pickles, A
AF Lord, C
   Risi, S
   DiLavore, PS
   Shulman, C
   Thurm, A
   Pickles, A
TI Autism from 2 to 9 years of age
SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS;
   BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; FIELD TRIAL;
   FOLLOW-UP; DSM-IV; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES
AB Context: Autism represents an unusual pattern of development beginning in the infant and toddler years.
   Objectives: To examine the stability of autism spectrum diagnoses made at ages 2 through 9 years and identify features that predicted later diagnosis.
   Design: Prospective study of diagnostic classifications from standardized instruments including a parent interview (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised [ADI-R]), an observational scale (Pre-Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule/Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS]), and independent clinical diagnoses made at ages 2 and 9 years compared with a clinical research team's criterion standard diagnoses.
   Setting: Three inception cohorts: consecutive referrals for autism assessment to (1) state-funded community autism centers, (2) a private university autism clinic, and (3) case controls with developmental delay from community clinics.
   Participants: At 2 years of age, 192 autism referrals and 22 developmentally delayed case controls; 172 children seen at 9 years of age.
   Main Outcome Measures: Consensus best-estimate diagnoses at 9 years of age.
   Results: Percentage agreement between best-estimate diagnoses at 2 and 9 years of age was 67, with a weighted kappa of 0.72. Diagnostic change was primarily accounted for by movement from pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified to autism. Each measure at age 2 years was strongly prognostic for autism at age 9 years, with odds ratios of 6.6 for parent interview, 6.8 for observation, and 12.8 for clinical judgment. Once verbal IQ (P = .001) was taken into account at age 2 years, the ADI-R repetitive domain (P = .02) and the ADOS social (P = .05) and repetitive domains (P = .005) significantly predicted autism at age 9 years.
   Conclusions: Diagnostic stability at age 9 years was very high for autism at age 2 years and less strong for pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Judgment of experienced clinicians, trained on standard instruments, consistently added to information available from parent interview and standardized observation.
C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
   NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
RP Lord, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, 1111 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM celord@umich.edu
RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011
OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346
CR American Psychiatric Association, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 36
TC 270
Z9 275
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 0003-990X
J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT
JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 63
IS 6
BP 694
EP 701
DI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 049XD
UT WOS:000238050200012
PM 16754843
ER

PT J
AU Igliori, GC
   Damasceno, BP
AF Igliori, GC
   Damasceno, BP
TI Theory of mind and the frontal lobes
SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE theory of mind; frontal lesions; cognition; neuropsychological tests
ID MENTAL-STATE; CHILDREN; REPRESENTATION; LANGUAGE; PATIENT; AUTISM;
   ADULTS
AB Background: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to other individuals. Its cerebral organization is not enough established, even though the literature suggests the relevant role of the frontal lobes. Objective: To evaluate frontal lobe patients and controls in ToM tests. Method: We studied 20 patients with lesions limited to the frontal lobes (as shown by CT or MRI), and 10 normal control subjects by means of ToM tests (recognizing himself in mirrors, false belief, first and second order ToM tasks), as well as tests of other cognitive functions (counter-proofs). Results: Patients and controls performed similarly in ToM tests. There was significant difference between frontal subgroups (left, right, bifrontal) in the double-bluff task (second order ToM) (p=0.021), without relation to verbal fluency (p=0.302) or delayed recall ability (p=0.159). The only two patients with deficits in ToM tasks had impairment of social behavior. Conclusion: Frontal lesions do not necessarily implicate in ToM deficits, which may occur when such lesions are associated to disturbance of social behavior.
C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
RP Damasceno, BP (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Box 6111, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
EM damascen@unicamp.br
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NR 32
TC 5
Z9 6
PU ASSOC ARQUIVOS DE NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO SP
PA PR AMADEU AMARAL 47/33, 01327-010 SAO PAULO SP, BRAZIL
SN 0004-282X
J9 ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT
JI Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 64
IS 2A
BP 202
EP 206
DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2006000200006
PG 5
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 050UC
UT WOS:000238113200006
PM 16791356
ER

PT J
AU Elias, AV
   Assumpcao, FB
AF Elias, AV
   Assumpcao, FB
TI Quality of life and autism
SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE quality of life; childhood; autism
ID CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; VALIDITY; SCALE
AB Objective: To evaluate the index quality of life (QL) in bearers of including upset of the development, Method: 20 autistic childrens, between 4 and 12 years, submitted to the diagnostic evaluation by autistic traces scale-ATA and for the Vineland adaptive behavior scales, needing to obtain in this a quotient of superior development over 70. The data about QL were obtained by the scale of quality of life-AUQEI and compared from the application of Vineland and of AUQEI in a population of normal children, resembling in the sex and in the age. Results: In the evaluation of the ATA, average was 33.75 with 4.95 standard deviation. The indexes of Vineland suggest that normal children have larger probability to present level of appropriated aclaptative behavior than autistic children (p=0.0196). Concerning QL, the general indexes are the same for both groups, indicating positive QL (p=0.744). In the sub domain autonomy, autistic children present higher index (p=0.0048). Conclusion: Autistic childrens present similar indexes of QL than normal childrens.
C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, FCM, Dept Psicol Med & Psiquiat, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
   Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Psiquiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Elias, AV (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, FCM, Dept Psicol Med & Psiquiat, Caixa Postal 6111, BR-13081970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
EM atexsandrabender@hotmail.com
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NR 20
TC 6
Z9 9
PU ASSOC ARQUIVOS DE NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO SP
PA PR AMADEU AMARAL 47/33, 01327-010 SAO PAULO SP, BRAZIL
SN 0004-282X
J9 ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT
JI Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 64
IS 2A
BP 295
EP 299
DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2006000200022
PG 5
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 050UC
UT WOS:000238113200022
PM 16791372
ER

PT J
AU Adams, JB
   Holloway, CE
   George, F
   Quig, D
AF Adams, JB
   Holloway, CE
   George, F
   Quig, D
TI Analyses of toxic metals and essential minerals in the hair of Arizona
   children with autism and associated conditions, and their mothers
SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; hair analysis; iodine; lithium; potassium
ID THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; MERCURY; LITHIUM; ELEMENTS; IODINE; WATER
AB The objective of this study was to assess the levels of 39 toxic metals and essential minerals in hair samples of children with autism spectrum disorders and their mothers compared to controls. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the elemental content of the hair of children with autism spectrum disorders (n=51), a subset of their mothers (n=29), neurotypical children (n=40), and a subset of their mothers (n=25). All participants were recruited from Arizona. Iodine levels were 45% lower in the children with autism (p=0.005). Autistic children with pica had a 38% lower level of chromium (p=0.002). Autistic children with low muscle tone had very low levels of potassium (-66%, p=0.01) and high zinc (31%, p=0.01). The mothers Of Young children with autism had especially low levels of lithium (56% lower, p=0.005), and the young children (ages 3-6 yr) with autism also had low lithium (-30%, p=0.04). Low iodine levels are consistent with previous reports of abnormal thyroid function, which likely affected development of speech and cognitive skills. Low lithium in the mothers likely caused low levels of lithium in the young children, which could have affected their neurological and immunological development. Further investigations of iodine, lithium, and other elements are warranted.
C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   Holist Osteopath Med Care, Cave Creek, AZ USA.
   Doctors Data, St Charles, IL USA.
RP Adams, JB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
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NR 29
TC 34
Z9 35
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA
SN 0163-4984
J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES
JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 110
IS 3
BP 193
EP 209
DI 10.1385/BTER:110:3:193
PG 17
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 051DJ
UT WOS:000238140600001
PM 16845157
ER

PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
   Klin, A
AF Baron-Cohen, S
   Klin, A
TI What's so special about Asperger syndrome?
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISTIC PSYCHOPATHY; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GENOMIC SCREEN; DISORDER;
   LINKAGE; TWIN; CHILDREN; HISTORY; BRAIN; 7Q
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
   Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Klin, A (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
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NR 48
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 1
EP 4
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.02.002
PG 4
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600001
PM 16563588
ER

PT J
AU Blakemore, SJ
   Tavassoli, T
   Calo, S
   Thomas, RM
   Catmur, C
   Frith, U
   Haggard, P
AF Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne
   Tavassoli, Teresa
   Calo, Susana
   Thomas, Richard M.
   Catmur, Caroline
   Frith, Uta
   Haggard, Patrick
TI Tactile sensitivity in Asperger syndrome
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE perception; sensory; somatosensory; autism; tickling; self; other;
   methods of limits; hypersensitivity; weak central coherence
ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; AUTISM; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; DEFENSIVENESS;
   STIMULI
AB People with autism and Asperger syndrome are anecdotally said to be hypersensitive to touch. In two experiments, we measured tactile thresholds and suprathreshold tactile sensitivity in a group of adults with Asperger syndrome. In the first experiment, tactile perceptual thresholds were measured. Two frequencies of vibrotactile stimulation were used: 30 and 200Hz. The results demonstrated significantly lower tactile perceptual thresholds in the Asperger group at 200 Hz but not at 30 Hz, thus confirming tactile hypersensitivity but only for one class of stimulus. A second experiment investigated whether self-produced movement affected the perception of touch in a group of adults with Asperger syndrome. A suprathreshold tactile stimulus was produced either by the participant (self-produced condition) or by the experimenter (externally produced condition) and participants were asked to rate the perception of the tactile stimulation. The results demonstrated that, while both Asperger and control groups rated self-produced touch as less tickly than external touch, the Asperger group rated both types of tactile stimulus as significantly more tickly and intense than did the control group. This experiment confirms the finding of tactile hypersensitivity, but shows that the perceptual consequences of self-produced touch are attenuated in the normal way in people with Asperger syndrome. An abnormality in this process cannot therefore account for their tactile hypersensitivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 UCL, Dept Psychol, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England.
RP Blakemore, SJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Inst Cognit Neurosci, 17 Queen Sq, London WC1N 3AR, England.
EM s.blakemore@ucl.ac.uk
RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne/A-1792-2010; Haggard,
   Patrick/A-5081-2010; Catmur, Caroline/J-5413-2013
OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; 
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NR 40
TC 69
Z9 70
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 5
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.013
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600002
PM 16500009
ER

PT J
AU Mackinlay, R
   Charman, T
   Karmiloff-Smith, A
AF Mackinlay, Rachael
   Charman, Tony
   Karmiloff-Smith, Annette
TI High functioning children with autism spectrum disorder: A novel test of
   multitasking
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE multitask; autism; Asperger's syndrome; executive function; prospective
   memory; BRIEF; frontal lobe
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY;
   EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; PROSPECTIVE MEMORY; ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY; CHILDHOOD
   AUTISM; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; MIND; INTENTIONS
AB High functioning children with a diagnosis of autism or Asperger's syndrome (HF-ASD) often experience difficulties organising goal-directed actions in their day-to-day lives, requiring support to schedule daily activities. This study aimed to capture these everyday difficulties experimentally using multitasking, a methodology that taps into the cognitive processes necessary for successful goal-directed activities in everyday life. We investigated multitasking in children with HF-ASD using a novel multitask test, the Battersea Multitask Paradigm. Thirty boys participated in the study, 14 with HF-ASD and 16 typically developing controls, matched for age and IQ. Group differences in multitasking were observed. Participants with HF-ASD were less efficient at planning, attempted fewer tasks, switched inflexibly between tasks and broke performance rules more frequently than controls. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London, England.
   UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Neurocognit Dev Unit, London, England.
RP Mackinlay, R (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Psychol, Attenhoferstr 9, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM r.mackinlay@psychologie.unizh.ch
RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette/N-4535-2014
OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549; Karmiloff-Smith,
   Annette/0000-0002-2470-5609
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NR 65
TC 38
Z9 38
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 14
EP 24
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.006
PG 11
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600003
PM 16455173
ER

PT J
AU Happe, F
   Booth, R
   Charlton, R
   Hughes, C
AF Happe, Francesca
   Booth, Rhonda
   Charlton, Rebecca
   Hughes, Claire
TI Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and
   attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across
   domains and ages
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism
   spectrum disorders; executive function; development; inhibition;
   flexibility; planning
ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; COGNITIVE ESTIMATION; READING-DISABILITY;
   JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; MIND; HYPERACTIVITY;
   COMORBIDITY; PERFORMANCE
AB Deficits in 'executive function' (EF) are characteristic of several clinical disorders, most notably Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this study, age- and IQ-matched groups with ASD, ADHD, or typical development (TD) were compared on a battery of EF tasks tapping three core domains: response selection/inhibition, flexibility, and planning/working memory. Relations between EF, age and everyday difficulties (rated by parents and teachers) were also examined. Both clinical groups showed significant EF impairments compared with TD peers. The ADHD group showed greater inhibitory problems on a Go-no-Go task, while the ASD group was significantly worse on response selection/monitoring in a cognitive estimates task. Age-related improvements were clearer in ASD and TD than in ADHD. At older (but not younger) ages, the ASD group outperformed the ADHD group, performing as well as the TD group on many EF measures. EF scores were related to specific aspects of communicative and social adaptation, and negatively correlated with hyperactivity in ASD and TD. Within the present groups, the overall findings suggested less severe and persistent EF deficits in ASD (including Asperger Syndrome) than in ADHD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Kings Coll London, MRC, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2B 5RL, England.
   Univ London, St Georges, Ctr Clin Neurosci, London, England.
   Univ Cambridge, Ctr Family Res, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
RP Happe, F (reprint author), Kings Coll London, MRC, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2B 5RL, England.
EM spjwfgh@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012
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NR 56
TC 173
Z9 177
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 25
EP 39
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.03.004
PG 15
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600004
PM 16682102
ER

PT J
AU Klin, A
   Jones, W
AF Klin, A
   Jones, W
TI Attributing social and physical meaning to ambiguous visual displays in
   individuals with higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; weak central coherence; social attribution; physical attribution
ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; COGNITIVE DEFICIT; BRAIN; MIND;
   CHILDREN; INFORMATION; COMPREHENSION; MECHANISMS; PHENOTYPE
AB The weak central coherence (WCC) account of autism characterizes the learning style of individuals with this condition as favoring localized and fragmented (to the detriment of global and integrative) processing of information. This pattern of learning is thought to lead to deficits in aspects of perception (e.g., face processing), cognition, and communication (e.g., focus on disjointed details rather than "gist" or context), ultimately leading to social impairments. This study was carried out to examine whether WCC applies to social and to non-social aspects of learning alike, or, alternatively, some areas of learning (e.g., physical reasoning) are spared in autism. Heider and Simmel's (1944) classic social animation as quantified in the Social Attribution Task (SAT) (Klin, 2000) and a novel animation involving physical reasoning (the Physical Attribution Task; PAT) were used to test the domain specificity of the WCC hypothesis. A pilot study involving a reference group of typically developing young adults and a group of individuals with higher-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) revealed gender differences in the reference group in regards to performance on the PAT (males outperformed females). In a follow-up case-control comparison involving only males where the ASD group was matched on age and IQ to a typically developing (TD) group of children, adolescents, and adults, the ASD group showed lower SAT scores and comparable PAT scores relative to the TD group. The interaction of diagnostic group by task was highly significant, with little overlap between the groups in the distributions of SAT minus PAT scores. These results indicated preserved integrative skills in the area of physical attribution in the ASD group, thus failing to support the WCC account as a domain-independent (or more general) model of learning in autism, while highlighting the centrality of the social deficits in the characterization of learning style in the autism spectrum disorders. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Klin, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM ami.klin@yale.edu
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NR 61
TC 38
Z9 38
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 40
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.016
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600005
PM 16497422
ER

PT J
AU Harris, GJ
   Chabris, CF
   Clark, J
   Urban, T
   Aharon, I
   Steele, S
   McGrath, L
   Condouris, K
   Tager-Flusberg, H
AF Harris, GJ
   Chabris, CF
   Clark, J
   Urban, T
   Aharon, I
   Steele, S
   McGrath, L
   Condouris, K
   Tager-Flusberg, H
TI Brain activation during semantic processing in autism spectrum disorders
   via functional magnetic resonance imaging
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger syndrome; autism spectrum disorders; functional
   magnetic resonance imaging; language; semantic processing
ID INFERIOR PREFRONTAL CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY;
   LANGUAGE-ASSOCIATION CORTEX; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; PARS TRIANGULARIS;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PLANUM TEMPORALE; CORTICAL ANATOMY;
   EPISODIC MEMORY
AB Language and communication deficits are core features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), even in high-functioning adults with ASD. This study investigated brain activation patterns using functional magnetic resonance imaging in right-handed adult males with ASD and a control group, matched on age, handedness, and verbal IQ. Semantic processing in the controls produced robust activation in Broca's area (left inferior frontal gyrus) and in superior medial frontal gyrus and right cerebellum. The ASD group had substantially reduced Broca's activation, but increased left temporal (Wernicke's) activation. Furthermore, the ASD group showed diminished activation differences between concrete and abstract words, consistent with behavioral studies. The current study suggests Broca's area is a region of abnormal neurodevelopment in ASD, which may be linked with semantic and related language deficits frequently observed in ASD. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
RP Harris, GJ (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
EM gjharris@partners.org
RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009
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NR 72
TC 97
Z9 101
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 54
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.015
PG 15
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600006
PM 16473449
ER

PT J
AU White, S
   Hill, E
   Winston, J
   Frith, U
AF White, Sarah
   Hill, Elisabeth
   Winston, Joel
   Frith, Uta
TI An islet of social ability in Asperger Syndrome: Judging social
   attributes from faces
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger Syndrome; social cognition; mentalizing; theory of mind; face
   recognition; stereotypes; attractiveness; trustworthiness; status
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; CHILDREN; ATTRACTIVENESS;
   INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; IMPAIRMENT; EMOTIONS; DISORDER
AB We asked adults with Asperger Syndrome to judge pictorial stimuli in terms of certain social stereotypes to evaluate to what extent they have access to this type of social knowledge. Sixteen adults with Asperger Syndrome and 24 controls, matched for age and intelligence, were presented with sets of faces, bodies and objects, which had to be rated on a 7-point scale in terms of trustworthiness, attractiveness, social status, and age, or, in the case of objects, price. Despite impaired performance on two important aspects of social cognition (second-order mentalizing and face recognition) the social judgements of the individuals with Asperger Syndrome were just as competent and consistent as those of their matched controls, with only one exception: there was a trend for them to be less able to judge the attractiveness of faces if they were the same sex. We explain this difference in terms of a weakness in mentalizing, specifically the ability to take a different point of view: While all other stereotypic attributions could be made from an egocentric point of view, judging the attractiveness of faces of one's own sex requires taking the perspective of someone of the opposite sex, a challenge for people with mentalizing problems. We conclude that individuals with Asperger Syndrome show preserved aspects of social knowledge, as revealed in the attribution of stereotypes to pictures of people. These findings suggest that there are dissociable subcomponents to social cognition and that not all of these are compromised in Asperger Syndrome. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England.
   Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, London SE14 6NW, England.
   UCL, Wellcome Dept Imaging Neurosci, London, England.
RP Frith, U (reprint author), UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England.
EM u.frith@ucl.ac.uk
RI Frith, Uta/C-1757-2008; White, Sarah/C-4084-2008; Winston,
   Joel/F-6180-2010
OI Frith, Uta/0000-0002-9063-4466; White, Sarah/0000-0001-6946-9155;
   Winston, Joel/0000-0002-3957-0612
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NR 40
TC 22
Z9 23
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 69
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.bande.2005.12.007
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600007
PM 16458402
ER

PT J
AU Ashwin, C
   Wheelwright, S
   Baron-Cohen, S
AF Ashwin, C
   Wheelwright, S
   Baron-Cohen, S
TI Finding a face in the crowd: Testing the anger superiority effect in
   Asperger Syndrome
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger Syndrome; autism; face-processing; visual search; emotions;
   amygdala
ID BILATERAL AMYGDALA DAMAGE; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; VISUAL-SEARCH; ENHANCED
   DISCRIMINATION; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL ADULTS; RECOGNITION; FEAR;
   EMOTION; PERCEPTION
AB Social threat captures attention and is processed rapidly and efficiently, with many lines of research showing involvement of the amygdala. Visual search paradigms looking at social threat have shown angry faces 'pop-out' in a crowd, compared to happy faces. Autism and Asperger Syndrome (AS) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by social deficits, abnormal face processing, and amygdala dysfunction. We tested adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) and AS using a facial visual search paradigm with schematic neutral and emotional faces. We found, contrary to predictions, that people with HFA/AS performed similarly to controls in many conditions. However, the effect was reduced in the HFA/AS group when using widely varying crowd sizes and when faces were inverted, suggesting a difference in face-processing style may be evident even with simple schematic faces. We conclude there are intact threat detection mechanisms in AS, under simple and predictable conditions, but that like other face-perception tasks, the visual search of threat faces task reveals atypical face-processing in HFA/AS. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
RP Ashwin, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM ca235@cam.ac.uk
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NR 93
TC 48
Z9 48
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 78
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.008
PG 18
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600008
PM 16455174
ER

PT J
AU Henderson, H
   Schwartz, C
   Mundy, P
   Burnette, C
   Sutton, S
   Zahka, N
   Pradella, A
AF Henderson, H
   Schwartz, C
   Mundy, P
   Burnette, C
   Sutton, S
   Zahka, N
   Pradella, A
TI Response monitoring, the error-related negativity, and differences in
   social behavior in autism
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; response monitoring; error-related negativity; phenotypic
   variability
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ANTERIOR
   CINGULATE CORTEX; MEDIAL-FRONTAL-CORTEX; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
   DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
   SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; BIOLOGICAL BASIS
AB Children with autism not only display social impairments but also significant individual differences in social development. Understanding the source of these differences, as well as the nature of social impairments, is important for improved diagnosis and treatments for these children. Current theory and research suggests that individual differences in response monitoring, a specific function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), may contribute to social-emotional and social-cognitive impairments and individual differences in autism. To examine this hypothesis, we used a modified flanker task to assess an ERP index of response monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN), in a sample of higher function children with autism (HFA) and an IQ-matched control sample. The results revealed a significant Diagnostic group by Verbal IQ interaction on ERN amplitude indicating that the most verbally capable HFA children displayed significantly larger ERN amplitudes than did the control children. Within the HFA sample, greater ERN amplitude was also related to parent reports of fewer symptoms of social interaction impairments, fewer internalizing problems, but more externalizing problems, although these associations were reduced to nonsignificance when medication status was controlled. The latter results complement previous observations from imaging studies of a significant association between ACC activity and social symptoms and impairments in autism. The implications of these results for future research on brain-behavior relations, as well as treatment related research with children with autism are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
RP Henderson, H (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, 5665 Ponce De Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
EM h.henderson@miami.edu
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NR 91
TC 52
Z9 54
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 96
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.009
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600009
PM 16458401
ER

PT J
AU Belmonte, MK
   Carper, RA
AF Belmonte, MK
   Carper, RA
TI Monozygotic twins with Asperger syndrome: Differences in behaviour
   reflect variations in brain structure and function
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE autism-spectrum disorders; monozygotic twins; genetics; fMRI; MRI;
   morphometry
ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; CONNECTIVITY; ATTENTION; MRI; CEREBELLUM;
   PERCEPTION
AB A pair of monozygotic twins discordant for symptoms of Asperger syndrome was evaluated at the age of 13.45 years using psychometric, morphometric, behavioural, and functional imaging methods. The lower-functioning twin had a smaller brain overall, a smaller right cerebellum, and a disproportionately large left frontal lobe, and manifested almost no differential activation between distractors of high and low-congruence with target visual stimuli. The higher-functioning twin manifested a typically autistic pattern of anterior deactivation and posterior hyperactivation in response to incongruent distractors, overlaid with a typically normal pattern of activation of superior frontal cortex. The morphometric results are consistent with known correlations between brain structure and behaviour in autism, and the physiological results suggest correspondences between structure and function. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England.
   Childrens Hosp, Lab Res Neurosci Autism, San Diego, CA USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Belmonte, MK (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England.
EM belmonte@mit.edu; rcarper@ucsd.edu
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NR 53
TC 7
Z9 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 110
EP 121
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.010
PG 12
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600010
PM 16459007
ER

PT J
AU Baron-Cohen, S
   Ring, H
   Chitnis, X
   Wheelwright, S
   Gregory, L
   Williams, S
   Brammer, M
   Bullmore, ET
AF Baron-Cohen, Simon
   Ring, Howard
   Chitnis, Xavier
   Wheelwright, Sally
   Gregory, Lloyd
   Williams, Steve
   Brammer, Mick
   Bullmore, Edward T.
TI fMRI of parents of children with Asperger Syndrome: A pilot study
SO BRAIN AND COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Asperger Syndrome; fMRI parents; sex differences
ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM QUOTIENT; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; BRAIN; PERMUTATION;
   ADULTS; TESTS; MIND
AB Background: People with autism or Asperger Syndrome (AS) show altered patterns of brain activity during visual search and emotion recognition tasks. Autism and AS are genetic conditions and parents may show the 'broader autism phenotype.'
   Aims: (1) To test if parents of children with AS show atypical brain activity during a visual search and an empathy task; (2) to test for sex differences during these tasks at the neural level; (3) to test if parents of children with autism are hyper-masculinized, as might be predicted by the 'extreme male brain' theory.
   Method: We used fMRI during a visual search task (the Embedded Figures Test (EFT)) and an emotion recognition test (the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' (or Eyes) test).
   Sample: Twelve parents of children with AS, vs. 12 sex-matched controls.
   Design: Factorial analysis was used to map main effects of sex, group (parents vs. controls), and sex x group interaction on brain function. An ordinal ANOVA also tested for regions of brain activity where females > males > fathers = mothers, to test for parental hyper-masculinization.
   Results on EFT task: Female controls showed more activity in extrastriate cortex than male controls, and both mothers and fathers showed even less activity in this area than sex-matched controls. There were no differences in group activation between mothers and fathers of children with AS. The ordinal ANOVA identified two specific regions in visual cortex (right and left, respectively) that showed the pattern Females > Males > Fathers = Mothers, both in BA 19.
   Results on Eyes task: Male controls showed more activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus than female controls, and both mothers and fathers showed even more activity in this area compared to sex-matched controls. Female controls showed greater bilateral inferior frontal activation than males. This was not seen when comparing mothers to males, or mothers to fathers. The ordinal ANOVA identified two specific regions that showed the pattern Females > Males > Mothers = Fathers: left medial temporal gyrus (BA 21) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 44).
   Conclusions: Parents of children with AS show atypical brain function during both visual search and emotion recognition, in the direction of hyper-masculinization of the brain. Because of the small sample size, and lack of age-matching between parents and controls, such results constitute a pilot study that needs replicating with larger samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
   Univ London, MRI Unit, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
   Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Sch Clin, Dept Psychiat,Brain Mappint Unit, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, England.
   Hope Hosp, Translat Imaging Unit, Salford M6 8HD, Lancs, England.
RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM sb205@cam.ac.uk
RI Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Ring, Howard/G-6684-2011; Brammer,
   Michael/B-7128-2012; Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012
OI Brammer, Michael/0000-0001-9800-2052; Bullmore,
   Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283
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NR 22
TC 63
Z9 64
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0278-2626
EI 1090-2147
J9 BRAIN COGNITION
JI Brain Cogn.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 61
IS 1
BP 122
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.011
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 054MZ
UT WOS:000238382600011
PM 16460858
ER

PT J
AU Marchant, P
   Hussain, A
   Hall, K
AF Marchant, P
   Hussain, A
   Hall, K
TI Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Asian children
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autistic spectrum disorder; ASD; prevalence
ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DIAGNOSIS; ACCOUNT; MIND
AB This paper compares the incidence of the diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among White and Asian children with reference to data obtained from thirteen local education authorities (LEAs) in England. It begins by outlining some of the theoretical debates associated with the definition, diagnosis and prevalence of ASD. The empirical component underpinning this work uses logistic modelling to ascertain whether the proportion of children with a statement of special educational need (SEN) for ASD is different for Asian and for White children and whether the proportion of children with a statement of SEN for ASD varies between LEAs. The discussion speculates as to possible reasons for the differences found and identifies areas for further research.
C1 Leeds Metropolitan Univ, Sch Informat Management, Leeds LS6 3QS, W Yorkshire, England.
   Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
RP Marchant, P (reprint author), Leeds Metropolitan Univ, Sch Informat Management, Beckett Pk, Leeds LS6 3QS, W Yorkshire, England.
EM P.Marchant@leedsmet.ac.uk; Dr.Hussain@charteredpsychologists.co.uk;
   k.hall@open.ac.uk
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NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0007-1005
J9 BRIT J EDUC STUD
JI Br. J. Educ. Stud.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 54
IS 2
BP 230
EP 244
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8527.2006.00342.x
PG 15
WC Education & Educational Research
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 045ZP
UT WOS:000237781500007
ER

PT J
AU Lyren, A
   Leonard, E
AF Lyren, A
   Leonard, E
TI Vaccine refusal: Issues for the primary care physician
SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID RUBELLA VACCINE; AUTISM; MEASLES; MUMPS; CHILDREN; WEB; MMR
C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
   Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Bioeth, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RP Lyren, A (reprint author), 11100 Euclid Ave,Mail Stop 5016, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
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NR 19
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0009-9228
J9 CLIN PEDIATR
JI Clin. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 5
BP 399
EP 404
DI 10.1177/0009922806289581
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 058PP
UT WOS:000238677200002
PM 16891271
ER

PT J
AU Cowan, R
   Carney, DPJ
AF Cowan, Richard
   Carney, Daniel P. J.
TI Calendrical savants: Exceptionality and practice
SO COGNITION
LA English
DT Article
DE savant; autism; practice; intelligence
ID CALCULATORS; INTELLIGENCE; ARTISTS; AUTISM; SKILLS
AB The exceptionality of the skills of calendrical savants and the role of practice were investigated. Experiment I compared four autistic calendrical savants to Professor Conway, a distinguished mathematician with calendrical skills. Professor Conway answered questions over a greater range of years but some savants knew more calendrical regularities. Experiment 2 studied the development of a calendrical savant's ability to answer date questions for very remote future years. He started by making written calculations and progressed to mental calculation. His variation in response time for remote dates was similar to that for near dates. The findings are consistent with the view that calendrical savants develop their skills through practice. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ London, Inst Educ, London WC1H 0AA, England.
RP Cowan, R (reprint author), Univ London, Inst Educ, 24 Woburn Sq, London WC1H 0AA, England.
EM r.cowan@ioe.ac.uk
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NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0010-0277
J9 COGNITION
JI Cognition
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 100
IS 2
BP B1
EP B9
DI 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.08.001
PG 9
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 061PH
UT WOS:000238884200007
PM 16157326
ER

PT J
AU Rakoczy, H
AF Rakoczy, Hannes
TI Pretend play and the development of collective intentionality
SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Conference on Collective Intentionality
CY OCT-FEB -, 2004-2006
CL Siena, ITALY
DE collective intentionality; theory of mind; pretend play
ID SYMBOLIC PLAY; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; OBJECTS; MIND; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM
AB Young children's pretend play is considered in the context of the development of collective intentionality. It is argued that (i) early pretending is an essentially social and culturally acquired form of action, and (ii) early social pretend play can be considered as the first form of true collective intentionality in ontogeny - involving shared cooperative activities and even some rudimentary form of joint creation of status functions. Recent experimental studies are reported that provide evidence for the claims. Finally, philosophical implications of these claims and findings are discussed. The most important implication that emerges is that existing conceptual analyses of collective intentionality stand in need of being supplemented by more fain-grained taxonomies for the description of such early forms of collective intentionality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Dev & Comparat Psychol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
   Univ Leipzig, Dept Psychol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
RP Rakoczy, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Dev & Comparat Psychol, Deutscher Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
EM rakoczy@eva.mpg.de
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NR 62
TC 17
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1389-0417
J9 COGN SYST RES
JI Cogn. Syst. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 7
IS 2-3
BP 113
EP 127
DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.11.008
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology,
   Experimental
SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 113VO
UT WOS:000242626300003
ER

PT J
AU Pelphrey, KA
   Morris, JP
AF Pelphrey, KA
   Morris, JP
TI Brain mechanisms for interpreting the actions of others from
   biological-motion cues
SO CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE social perception; social cognition; superior temporal sulcus region;
   functional neuroimaging; autism
ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; GAZE SHIFTS; CORTEX; EYE;
   ACTIVATION; AMYGDALA; AUTISM; FACES
AB Humans are an intensely social species. Our social abilities depend upon specialized brain systems for rapidly recognizing the faces of others, for interpreting the actions of others through an analysis of biological-motion cues, and for determining the emotional states of others via inspection of facial expression. Recent work has implicated the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region as an important component of the social brain. Functional neuroimaging studies have provided clues about how this region is involved in the visual analysis and interpretation of other people's actions. STS activity is modulated by the context within which the actions of biological entities are observed. Such a contextual influence is consistent with a broader tradition within social psychology emphasizing the powerful influences of situational and contextual factors on behavior and perception. The STS region also shows promise as a region of importance in the investigation of both typical and impaired social-cognitive development. Future work should aim to inform us better of the development of interrelationships between the STS region and other regions of the social brain, including the amygdala and the fusiform gyrus.
C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Pelphrey, KA (reprint author), Duke Univ, 9 Flowers Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM kevin.pelphrey@duke.edu
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NR 17
TC 55
Z9 55
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0963-7214
J9 CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI
JI Curr. Dir. Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 3
BP 136
EP 140
DI 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00423.x
PG 5
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 050RT
UT WOS:000238106300009
ER

PT J
AU Moretti, P
   Zoghbi, HY
AF Moretti, P
   Zoghbi, HY
TI MeCP2 dysfunction in Rett syndrome and related disorders
SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Review
ID SEVERE MENTAL-RETARDATION; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; MOUSE MODEL;
   METHYL-CPG; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS; SYNAPTIC
   PLASTICITY; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN; DNA
AB Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), is a leading cause of mental retardation with autistic features in females. MECP2 mutations have also been identified in individuals with a variety of clinical syndromes, including mild learning-disability in females, neonatal encephalopathy in males, and psychiatric disorders, autism and X-linked mental retardation in both males and females. Furthermore, MECP2 duplications have been shown to cause a progressive postnatal neurological disorder. MeCP2 is a transcriptional repressor that binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides flanked by AT-rich segments and recruits a corepressor complex, thereby altering chromatin structure. Subtle gene expression changes have been identified in Rett patients and mouse models; however, MeCP2 dysfunction has also been shown to cause abnormalities of RNA splicing, suggesting a complex molecular pathogenesis. Discovering which genes are misregulated in the absence of functional MeCP2 and demonstrating their role in causing neuronal dysfunction and disease manifestations are challenging but important steps for understanding the pathogenesis of Rett syndrome and related disorders.
C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP Zoghbi, HY (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, 1 Baylor Plaza,T807,Mail Stop 225, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM hzoghbi@bcm.tmc.edu
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NR 50
TC 144
Z9 152
PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0959-437X
J9 CURR OPIN GENET DEV
JI Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 16
IS 3
BP 276
EP 281
DI 10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.009
PG 6
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 054BP
UT WOS:000238350900011
PM 16647848
ER

PT J
AU Post, JN
AF Post, Jennifer N.
TI Immunizations, neonatal jaundice and animal-induced injuries
SO CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Review
DE animal bites; hyperbilirubinemia; immunizations; jaundice
ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION STRATEGIES; VARICELLA OUTBREAK;
   COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; DOUBLE-BLIND; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA;
   ADOLESCENTS; NEWBORNS; EFFICACY
AB Purpose of review
   To review the literature published within the last year on three topics essential to clinical pediatrics: immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries.
   Recent findings
   New vaccines that protect against meningococcus, pertussis and rotavirus are safe, effective and recommended for routine immunization. Young children remain a high priority for influenza vaccination while the world awaits further developments of avian influenza. Pneumococcal and varicella vaccinations have benefited many. Debate exists on how to screen for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates and new strategies are emerging to prevent it. There seems to be no link between hyperbilirubinemia and autism spectrum disorders. We have learned that rabies can be transmitted by transplantation; it remains a global public health problem and its incidence is frequently underestimated in developing nations. Lastly, brown recluse spider bites are often misdiagnosed.
   Summary
   The face of pediatric infectious disease is changing as we incorporate new vaccines into our routine practice. Rotavirus vaccine has significant implications for the health of children across the globe. The management strategy for neonatal jaundice continues to focus on screening and prevention. We need to devote more energy to combating rabies in countries where it is endemic.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Primary Care Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Post, JN (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Primary Care Ctr, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM jennifer.post@childrens.harvard.edu
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NR 52
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1040-8703
J9 CURR OPIN PEDIATR
JI CURR. OPIN. PEDIATR.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 3
BP 330
EP 335
DI 10.1097/01.mop.0000193315.52957.e3
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA V63FM
UT WOS:000204273000019
PM 16721158
ER

PT J
AU Glogowska, M
   Roulstone, S
   Peters, TJ
   Enderby, P
AF Glogowska, M
   Roulstone, S
   Peters, TJ
   Enderby, P
TI Early speech- and language-impaired children: linguistic, literacy, and
   social outcomes
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; RETARDATION; DELAY
AB The aim of this study was to follow-up prospectively a cohort of preschool children originally recruited from successive referrals to speech and language therapy community clinics and to investigate their linguistic, literacy, and social outcomes at 7 to 10 years of age. Three hundred and fifty children aged 84 to 113 months (mean age 99.9mo [SD 5.4mo]) were singletons from monolingual backgrounds where there was concern about their speech and language development. Children who had severe learning difficulties, autism, oromotor deficits, dysfluency, or dysphonia were excluded. Altogether 196 (56%), 134 males and 62 females, were seen at follow-up. A control group of children who had never been referred for speech and language therapy, 57% of whom were males, was also recruited (n=94; mean age 104.4mo [SD 6.8mo]). All children were assessed on standardized measures of speech, language, and literacy. Teachers and parents completed questionnaires on educational and social outcomes. In total, 139 children in the cohort were within the normal range on standardized language assessments. About 30% of the original cohort of children continue to struggle with language, literacy, and social difficulties. The study demonstrates the long-term nature of language impairment and reinforces the need for awareness among professionals in child development and education of the ongoing needs of this population of children.
C1 Frenchay Hosp, Speech & Language Therapy Res Unit, Bristol BS16 1LE, Avon, England.
   Univ W England, Fac Hlth & Social Care, Bristol BS16 1QY, Avon, England.
   Univ Bristol, Dept Community Based Med, Bristol, Avon, England.
   Univ Sheffield, Inst Gen Practice & Primary Care, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
RP Roulstone, S (reprint author), Frenchay Hosp, Speech & Language Therapy Res Unit, Bristol BS16 1LE, Avon, England.
EM sue@speech-therapy.org.uk
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NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 6
BP 489
EP 494
DI 10.1017/S0012162206001046
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 050BI
UT WOS:000238062100017
PM 16700942
ER

PT J
AU Wier, ML
   Yoshida, CK
   Odonli, R
   Grether, JK
   Croen, LA
AF Wier, ML
   Yoshida, CK
   Odonli, R
   Grether, JK
   Croen, LA
TI Congenital anomalies associated with autism spectrum disorders
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; BIRTH-DEFECTS;
   DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; POSTNATAL FACTORS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM;
   RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; COMPLICATIONS
AB This study examined whether major congenital structural anomalies identified in infancy occurred more frequently in children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n=417; 341 males, 76 females) than in comparison children (n=2067; 1681 males, 386 females). Participants were sampled from infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California facilities between 1995 and 1999 who remained health plan members for at least 2 years (n=88 163). Comparison children were frequency-matched to children with ASD according to sex, birth year, and birth hospital. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed in 10.8% of children with ASD and 6.2% of comparison children (crude odds ratio [ORc] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.6). This association remained significant after adjustment for key maternal and infant covariates (adjusted OR [ORa] 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.4). Almost all organ-system anomaly categories were more prevalent in children with ASD, however only gastrointestinal anomalies were significantly associated with ASD in adjusted analyses (1.9 vs 0.4%, ORa 5.1, 95% CI 1.8-14.1).
C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
   Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA.
RP Croen, LA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
EM Lisa.A.Croen@kp.org
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NR 34
TC 24
Z9 25
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 6
BP 500
EP 507
DI 10.1017/S001216220600106X
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 050BI
UT WOS:000238062100019
PM 16700944
ER

PT J
AU Gravel, JS
   Dunn, M
   Lee, WW
   Ellis, MA
AF Gravel, JS
   Dunn, M
   Lee, WW
   Ellis, MA
TI Peripheral audition of children on the autistic spectrum
SO EAR AND HEARING
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUDITORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS;
   BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; LANGUAGE DISORDER; OTITIS-MEDIA; HEARING-LOSS;
   DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ABNORMALITIES; DYSFUNCTION
AB Objective: To determine whether the peripheral audition of a group of children comprehensively diagnosed as being on the autistic spectrum was quantitatively different from that of a matched group of typically developing children.
   Methods: Thirty-seven children with autism and an equal number of control participants matched for chronological age within 6 mo were examined by means of behavioral and physiologic measures of auditory function. All participants had normal hearing (thresholds < 15 dB HL; 0.25 to 8 kHz) and normal middle ear function by quantitative tympanometry. Conventional behavioral audiometry, a computer-assisted threshold assessment procedure, acoustic middle ear muscle reflex thresholds, and evoked otoacoustic emissions (both transient and distortion product) tests were administered to both groups.
   Results: No significant differences between children with autism and those developing typically on any behavioral or physiologic measure of peripheral auditory function were found.
   Conclusions: There was no evidence of intrinsic differences in the peripheral auditory mechanism of children with autism that would account for the auditory processing disorders and sound sensitivity that are commonly reported in this population.
C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Childhood Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Gravel, JS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Childhood Commun, Childrens Seashore House,Room 113,3405 Civ Ctr Bl, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM gravel@email.chop.edu
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NR 55
TC 18
Z9 19
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-0202
J9 EAR HEARING
JI Ear Hear.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 3
BP 299
EP 312
DI 10.1097/01.aud.0000215979.65645.22
PG 14
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology
GA 041GB
UT WOS:000237441200009
PM 16672798
ER

PT J
AU Tincani, M
   Crozier, S
   Alazetta, L
AF Tincani, M
   Crozier, S
   Alazetta, L
TI The picture exchange communication system: Effects on manding and speech
   development for school-aged children with autism
SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISABILITIES; PECS
AB We examined the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS; Frost & Bondy, 2002) on the manding (requesting) and speech development of school-aged children with autism. In study 1, two participants, Damian and Bob, were taught PECS within a delayed multiple baseline design. Both participants demonstrated increased levels of manding after implementation of PECS. Only Damian demonstrated any measurable speech during study 1. His speech development occurred primarily during phase IV of PECS. Because of the positive relationship between Phase IV and increased speech,for Damian, study 2 was conducted to confirm a functional relationship between phase IV procedures and speech development for an additional participant. Carl received phase TV training procedures in two conditions, administered in an ABAB design. In condition A, no reinforcement was provided for vocalization; in condition B, reinforcement was provided for vocalization after a delay of 3- to 5-s. The vocal reinforcement procedures in phase B differentially increased Carls speech. Results are discussed in terms Of research on augmentative and alternative communication and speech development for children with autism.
C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Special Educ, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RP Tincani, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Special Educ, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,Box 453014, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
EM tincanim@unlv.nevada.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301
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NR 17
TC 36
Z9 36
PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA
SN 1547-0350
J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB
JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 2
BP 177
EP 184
PG 8
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 052MP
UT WOS:000238238100007
ER

PT J
AU Santosh, PJ
   Mijovic, A
AF Santosh, PJ
   Mijovic, A
TI Does pervasive developmental disorder protect children and adolescents
   against drug and alcohol use?
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE PDD; autism; alcohol; drug
ID SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; RISK-FACTORS;
   COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; AUTISM; ABUSE; ONSET; ADHD
AB Aim The aim of this paper is (1) to compare the rates of reported drug and/or alcohol use (DAU) in treatment seeking adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), and those with other psychiatric diagnoses (psychiatric controls) seen in tertiary child and adolescent mental health services and (2) to explore the relationship of psychopathology, environmental stressors, and social communication difficulties to DAU. Method Data from the chart review of children and adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years with psychiatric diagnosis seen in tertiary child and adolescent mental health services between 1992 and 2001 (n=1484) was used to investigate the relationship between DAU, psychopathology, environmental stressors and items related to social communication. Results A total of 97 subjects (7%) met criteria for PDD. Subjects with PDD report significantly lower DAU than psychiatric controls, 3% vs. 17% respectively (P < 0.000). Factors reflecting PDD such as speech and language difficulties, developmental difficulties, discordant peer relationships in adolescents are negatively associated with DAU, while conduct problems, affective symptoms, inadequate parental supervision or control have positive association with DAU. DAU was present in PDD only when comorbid with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conclusion Adolescents with speech and language difficulties, developmental difficulties and discordant peer relationships, all reflecting PDD, are less likely to have DAU.
C1 Great Ormond St Hosp Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, London WC1N 3JH, England.
   Inst Child Hlth, London, England.
   Inst Psychiat, London, England.
   St Georges Child & Adolescent Higher Training Sch, London, England.
RP Santosh, PJ (reprint author), Great Ormond St Hosp Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, England.
EM SantoP@gosh.nhs.uk
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 29
TC 10
Z9 11
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 4
BP 183
EP 188
DI 10.1007/s00787-005-0517-0
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 047BO
UT WOS:000237855000001
PM 16604379
ER

PT J
AU Lindquist, B
   Carlsson, G
   Persson, EK
   Uvebrant, P
AF Lindquist, B
   Carlsson, G
   Persson, EK
   Uvebrant, P
TI Behavioural problems and autism in children with hydrocephalus - A
   population-based study
SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE behaviour; autism; hydrocephalus; myelomeningocele; children
ID INFANTILE HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN-DAMAGE; FOLLOW-UP; DISORDERS; ADJUSTMENT;
   PREVALENCE; SEQUELAE; IMPACT; BORN
AB Objective To investigate the prevalence of behavioural problems and autism in a population-based group of children with hydrocephalus and to see whether learning disabilities, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, myelomeningocele (MMC) or preterm birth increase the risk of these problems. Method In the 107 children with hydrocephalus born in western Sweden in 1989-1993, behaviour was assessed using the Conners' parent rating scales in 66 and the teacher's rating scales in 57. Autism was investigated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results Parents rated 67% of the children and teachers 39% of the children as having behavioural problems (> 1.5 SD, or T score > 65). Learning disabilities increased the risk significantly and almost all the children with CP and/or epilepsy had behavioural problems. Autism was present in nine children (13%), in 20% of those without MMC and in one of 26 with MMC. Autism was significantly more frequent in children with learning disabilities (27% vs. 7%) and in children with CP and/or epilepsy (33% vs. 6%). Conclusion The majority of children with hydrocephalus have behavioural problems and many have autism. It is therefore important to assess and understand all the aspects of cognition and behaviour in these children in order to minimise disability and enhance participation for the child.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, S-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Halmstad Cty Hosp, Dept Habilitat, S-0185 Halmstad, Sweden.
   Univ Schleswig Holstein, Dept Paediat, Kiel, Germany.
RP Uvebrant, P (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, S-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM paul.uvebrant@pediat.gu.se
CR American Psychiatric Association, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 28
TC 7
Z9 7
PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG
PI DARMSTADT
PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY
SN 1018-8827
J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY
JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 4
BP 214
EP 219
DI 10.1007/s00787-006-0525-8
PG 6
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 047BO
UT WOS:000237855000005
PM 16502210
ER

PT J
AU Klauck, SM
AF Klauck, Sabine M.
TI Genetics of autism spectrum disorder
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; whole-genome screens; susceptibility loci; candidate genes
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; SEROTONIN
   TRANSPORTER; REELIN GENE; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS;
   NEUROLIGIN GENES; CHROMOSOME 7Q; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; SAVANT SKILLS
AB Autism is a highly heritable complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by distinct impairments of cognitive function in the field of social interaction and speech development. Different approaches have been undertaken worldwide to identify susceptibility loci or genes for autism spectrum disorders. No clear conclusions can be made today about genetic loci involved in these disorders. The review will focus on relevant results from the last decade of research with emphasis on whole genome screens and association studies.
C1 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Mol Genome Anal, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Klauck, SM (reprint author), Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Mol Genome Anal, Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
EM s.klauck@dkfz.de
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NR 85
TC 43
Z9 46
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1018-4813
J9 EUR J HUM GENET
JI Eur. J. Hum. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 14
IS 6
BP 714
EP 720
DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201610
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 046IY
UT WOS:000237806400009
PM 16721407
ER

PT J
AU Palmer, RF
   Blanchard, S
   Stein, Z
   Mandell, D
   Miller, C
AF Palmer, RF
   Blanchard, S
   Stein, Z
   Mandell, D
   Miller, C
TI Environmental mercury release, special education rates, and autism
   disorder: an ecological study of Texas
SO HEALTH & PLACE
LA English
DT Article
DE mercury; special education; autism; environmental toxins; ecological
ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; METHYLMERCURY; EXPOSURE; LEAD; TOXICOLOGY; TOXICITY;
   TAGUM; STATE; MILK
AB The association between environmentally released mercury, special education and autism rates in Texas was investigated using data from the Texas Education Department and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. A Poisson regression analysis adjusted for school district population size, economic and demographic factors was used. There was a significant increase in the rates of special education students and autism rates associated with increases in environmentally released mercury. On average, for each 1000 1b of environmentally released mercury, there was a 43% increase in the rate of special education services and a 61% increase in the rate of autism. The association between environmentally released mercury and special education rates were fully mediated by increased autism rates. This ecological study suggests the need for further research regarding the association between environmentally released mercury and developmental disorders such as autism. These results have implications for policy planning and cost analysis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio Dept Family & Community Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.
   Our Lady Lake Univ, Dept Sociol, San Antonio, TX USA.
   Univ Penn, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Palmer, RF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio Dept Family & Community Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.
EM palmerr@uthscsa.edu
RI Mandelld, David/A-1044-2007; Mandell, David/H-2730-2012
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NR 38
TC 97
Z9 104
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1353-8292
J9 HEALTH PLACE
JI Health Place
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 2
BP 203
EP 209
DI 10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.11.005
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 004EN
UT WOS:000234734900008
PM 16338635
ER

PT J
AU Knickmeyer, R
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Fane, BA
   Wheelwright, S
   Mathews, GA
   Conway, GS
   Brook, CGD
   Hines, M
AF Knickmeyer, R
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Fane, BA
   Wheelwright, S
   Mathews, GA
   Conway, GS
   Brook, CGD
   Hines, M
TI Androgens and autistic traits: A study of individuals with congenital
   adrenal hyperplasia
SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE CAH; androgen; testosterone; autism; hormone; sex difference; gender
ID 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY; GONADAL-HORMONES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR;
   AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FEMALES; TESTOSTERONE; PATTERNS; FETUSES; LENGTH; MALES
AB Testosterone promotes male-typical neural and behavioral development in non-human mammals. There is growing evidence that testosterone exerts similar influences on human development, although the range of behaviors affected is not completely known. This study examined the hypothesis that autistic traits are increased following prenatal exposure to abnormally high levels of testosterone caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Sixty individuals with CAH (34 female, 26 male) and 49 unaffected relatives (24 female, 25 male) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Females with CAH scored significantly higher than unaffected females on total AQ score, largely due to enhanced scores on subscales measuring social skills and imagination. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone influences some autistic traits and that hormonal factors may be involved in vulnerability to autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 City Univ London, Dept Psychol, London EC1V 0HB, England.
RP Hines, M (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Northampton Sq, London EC1V 0HB, England.
EM m.hines@city.ac.uk
RI Fane, Briony/C-1978-2008; Knickmeyer, Rebecca/G-8128-2014
OI Knickmeyer, Rebecca/0000-0001-7708-1388
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NR 34
TC 67
Z9 68
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0018-506X
J9 HORM BEHAV
JI Horm. Behav.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 50
IS 1
BP 148
EP 153
DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.02.006
PG 6
WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 054QZ
UT WOS:000238395000020
PM 16624315
ER

PT J
AU Liu, J
   Francke, U
AF Liu, Jinglan
   Francke, Uta
TI Identification of cis-regulatory elements for MECP2 expression
SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN; BZIP TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SEVERE
   MENTAL-RETARDATION; RETT-SYNDROME; INFANTILE SPASMS; DNA METHYLATION;
   GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; CHROMATIN; DIFFERENTIATION
AB Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked dominant disabling neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the MECP2 gene, located at Xq28, which encodes a multifunctional protein. MECP2 expression is regulated in a developmental stage and cell-type-specific manner. The need for tightly controlled MeCP2 levels in brain is strongly suggested by neurologically abnormal phenotypes of mouse models with mild overexpression and by mental retardation in human males with MECP2 duplication. We set out to identify long-range cis-regulatory sequences that differentially regulate MECP2 transcription and, when mutated, may contribute to the pathogenesis of RTT, autism or X-linked mental retardation. By inter-species sequence comparisons, we detected 27 highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences within a 210 kb region covering MECP2. We functionally confirmed four enhancer and two silencer elements by performing luciferase reporter assays in four different human cell lines. The transcription factor binding capability of the identified regulatory elements was tested by gel shift assays. To locate the human MECP2 core promoter, we dissected the promoter region by reporter assays with deletion constructs. We then used chromosome conformation capture methods to document long-range interactions of three enhancers and two silencers with the MECP2 promoter. Acting over distances of up to 130 kb, these elements may influence chromatin configurations and regulate MECP2 transcription. Our study has defined the 'MECP2 functional expression module' and identified enhancer and silencer elements that are likely to be responsible for the tissue-specific, developmental stage-specific or splice-variant-specific control of MeCP2 protein expression.
C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr Mol & Genet Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Francke, U (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr Mol & Genet Med, Dept Genet, 279 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM ufrancke@stanford.edu
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NR 54
TC 31
Z9 36
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0964-6906
J9 HUM MOL GENET
JI Hum. Mol. Genet.
PD JUN 1
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 11
BP 1769
EP 1782
DI 10.1093/hmg/ddl099
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 044UA
UT WOS:000237696700003
PM 16613900
ER

PT J
AU Passone, SM
AF Passone, SM
TI Autism : debates and testimonies
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
LA English
DT Book Review
RP Passone, SM (reprint author), 108bis,bd A Blanqui, F-75013 Paris, France.
EM sesto.passone@psp.ucl.ac.be
CR RIBAS D, 2005, AUTISM DEBATES TESTI
   RIBAS D, IN PRESS AUTISM DEBA
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INST PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
PI LONDON
PA BYRON HOUSE, 112A-114 SHIRLAND RD, LONDON W9 2EQD, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7578
J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL
JI Int. J. Psychoanal.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 87
BP 904
EP 906
PN 3
PG 3
WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis
SC Psychology
GA 058II
UT WOS:000238658300030
ER

PT J
AU Goldsmith, HH
   Van Hulle, CA
   Arneson, CL
   Schreiber, JE
   Gernsbacher, MA
AF Goldsmith, HH
   Van Hulle, CA
   Arneson, CL
   Schreiber, JE
   Gernsbacher, MA
TI A population-based twin study of parentally reported tactile and
   auditory defensiveness in young children
SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE sensory defensiveness; twins; temperament; genetics; anxiety
ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES;
   SENSORY PROFILE; TEMPERAMENT; AUTISM; VALIDITY; TODDLER; QUESTIONNAIRE;
   PERFORMANCE
AB Some adults and children exhibit defensive behaviors to tactile or auditory stimulation. These symptoms occur not only in subsets of children with ADHD, autism, and Fragile X syndrome, but also in the apparent absence of accompanying disorders. Relatively little research explores the correlates and antecedents of sensory defensiveness. Using a population-based sample of 1,394 toddler-aged twins, mothers reported on tactile and auditory defensiveness, temperament, and behavior problems. The incidence of defensive symptoms was widely distributed, with some accumulation of cases in the extreme range. Girls were overrepresented in the extreme tactile defensiveness group. Both auditory and tactile defensiveness were modestly associated with fearful temperament and anxiety, but they were relatively distinct from other common dimensions of childhood behavioral dysfunction. Twin correlations for the full range of scores and concordance rates for the extremes suggested moderate genetic influences, with some indication that the tactile domain might be more heritable than the auditory domain.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Goldsmith, HH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Waisman Ctr, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM hhgoldsm@wisc.edu
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NR 63
TC 39
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0091-0627
J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH
JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 3
BP 393
EP 407
DI 10.1007/s10802-006-9024-0
PG 15
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 057ZD
UT WOS:000238632800009
PM 16649001
ER

PT J
AU Petscher, ES
   Bailey, JS
AF Petscher, ES
   Bailey, JS
TI Effects of training, prompting, and self-monitoring on staff behavior in
   a classroom for students with disabilities
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Florida-Association-of-Behavior-Analysis
CY SEP, 2005
CL Sarasota, FL
SP Florida Assoc Behav Anal
DE staff training; self-monitoring; tactile prompt; classroom management
ID TACTILE PROMPT; AUTISM; INITIATIONS; CHILDREN
AB This study extended the limited research on the utility of tactile prompts and examined the effects of a treatment package on implementation of a token economy by instructional assistants in a classroom for students with disabilities. During baseline, we measured how accurately the assistants implemented a classroom token economy based on the routine training they had received through the school system. Baseline was followed by brief in-service training, which resulted in no improvement of token-economy implementation for recently hired instructional assistants. A treatment package of prompting and self-monitoring with accuracy feedback was then introduced as a multiple baseline design across behaviors. The treatment package was successfully faded to a more manageable self-monitoring intervention. Results showed visually significant improvements for all participants during observation sessions.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Petscher, ES (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM Seligson@psy.fsu.edu
CR Bailey J. S., 2002, RES METHODS APPL BEH
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   GABLE RA, 1999, ADDRESSING STUDENT 2
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   Shabani DB, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P79, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-79
   Taylor BA, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P651, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-651
   Taylor BA, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P79, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-79
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 2
BP 215
EP 226
DI 10.1901/jaba.2006.02-05
PG 12
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 049EC
UT WOS:000237997700006
PM 16813042
ER

PT J
AU Lerman, DC
   Addison, LR
   Kodak, T
AF Lerman, Dorothea C.
   Addison, Laura R.
   Kodak, Tiffany
TI A preliminary analysis of self-control with aversive events: The effects
   of task magnitude and delay on the choices of children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE aversive events; self-control; task magnitude; task delay
ID BEHAVIOR; ESCAPE
AB When faced with a choice between two aversive events, a person exhibits self-control by choosing a smaller, more immediate aversive event over a larger, delayed aversive event. Task demands are often aversive to children with autism and other developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral sensitivity to differences in the amount and delay of tasks as part of a preliminary study on self-control. Participants were 2 children with autism who engaged in problem behavior maintained by escape. Results indicated a lack of self-control with respect to choosing between two aversive tasks and suggested potential strategies for increasing self-control (i.e., choosing a small immediate task over a large delayed task).
C1 Univ Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Lerman, DC (reprint author), Univ Houston Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd,Campus Box 245, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM lerman@uhcl.edu
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NR 5
TC 6
Z9 6
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 2
BP 227
EP 232
DI 10.1901/jaba.2006.90-05
PG 6
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 049EC
UT WOS:000237997700007
PM 16813043
ER

PT J
AU Williams, G
   Carnerero, JJ
   Perez-Gonzalez, LA
AF Williams, G
   Carnerero, JJ
   Perez-Gonzalez, LA
TI Generalization of tacting actions in children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE tacts; labeling; generalization; tacting actions; spontaneous language;
   autism
AB This intervention compared the effects of two procedures on the generalization of a tacting repertoire (labeling) in 6 children with autism spectrum disorder. In one procedure the verbal antecedent stimulus "What is she doing?" appeared together with a person performing an action; in the other procedure, the antecedent stimulus was just the presence of the action. In initial tests, children emitted tacts only when the action was presented with the verbal antecedent. Thereafter, they learned to tact an action without the verbal antecedent and received tests to evaluate generalization to another action. Results indicated that in order to obtain generalization of tacting actions, it was necessary to learn to tact other actions without the verbal antecedent as well as learning to tact the action with the verbal antecedent. These findings have relevance for generalization of tacting actions from control by verbal antecedents to natural conditions and the production of spontaneous language.
C1 Ctr Mudaris, Cordoba, Spain.
   Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
RP Williams, G (reprint author), Appl Behav Consultant Serv Inc, 66 Regency Circle, Englewood, NJ 07631 USA.
EM gladyswilliams2003@hotmail.com; laperez@uniovi.es
RI Perez-Gonzalez, Luis/L-2338-2014
CR GREER RD, 1986, PILOT VERSION SCRIPT
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   Krantz PJ, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P191, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-191
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NR 6
TC 7
Z9 7
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 2
BP 233
EP 237
DI 10.1901/jaba.2006.175-04
PG 5
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 049EC
UT WOS:000237997700008
PM 16813044
ER

PT J
AU O'Reilly, MF
   Sigafoos, J
   Edrisinha, C
   Lancioni, G
   Cannella, H
   Choi, HY
   Barretto, A
AF O'Reilly, MF
   Sigafoos, J
   Edrisinha, C
   Lancioni, G
   Cannella, H
   Choi, HY
   Barretto, A
TI A preliminary examination of the evocative effects of the establishing
   operation
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; establishing operations; extinction; functional analysis;
   antecedent assessment
ID REFINEMENTS
AB We attempted to isolate the evocative effects of the establishing operation for positively reinforced problem behavior with 2 participants. The study consisted of three phases. First, a functional analysis identified tangible items (Participant 1) and attention (Participant 2) as maintaining problem behavior. Second, access to tangible items and attention was systematically controlled (continuous access vs. no access) immediately prior to functional analysis sessions in which these consequences were delivered contingent on problem behavior. Results of this phase indicated that problem behavior occurred at higher levels when access to tangible items and attention was restricted. In the third phase, prior access was again controlled, but problem behavior produced no consequences. Results of this final phase indicated that problem behavior occurred at higher levels during extinction sessions when participants did not have prior access to the reinforcers.
C1 Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
   Univ Bari, Bari, Italy.
   Gonzaga Univ, Spokane, WA 99258 USA.
RP O'Reilly, MF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM markoreilly@mail.utexas.edu
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NR 9
TC 18
Z9 18
PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL
PI LAWRENCE
PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA
SN 0021-8855
J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL
JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 2
BP 239
EP 242
DI 10.1901/jaba.2006.160-04
PG 4
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 049EC
UT WOS:000237997700009
PM 16813045
ER

PT J
AU Sokol, DK
   Chen, DM
   Farlow, MR
   Dunn, DW
   Maloney, B
   Zimmer, JA
   Lahiri, DK
AF Sokol, Deborah K.
   Chen, Demao
   Farlow, Martin R.
   Dunn, David W.
   Maloney, Bryan
   Zimmer, Jennifer A.
   Lahiri, Debomoy K.
TI High levels of Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in
   children with severely autistic behavior and aggression
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DISEASE; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; GENE;
   PEPTIDES; DISORDER; CORTEX
AB Autism is characterized by restricted, repetitive behaviors and impairment in socialization and communication. Although no neuropathologic substrate underlying autism has been found, the findings of brain overgrowth via neuroimaging studies and increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuropathologic and blood studies favor an anabolic state. We examined acety1cholinesterase, plasma neuronal proteins, secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), and amyloid-beta 40 and amyloid-beta 42 peptides in children with and without autism. Children with severe autism and aggression expressed secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein at two or more times the levels of children without autism and up to four times more than children with mild autism. There was a trend for children with autism to show higher levels of secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein and nonamyloidogenic secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein and lower levels of amyloid-beta 40 compared with controls. This favors an increased (x-secretase pathway in autism (anabolic), opposite to what is seen in Alzheimer disease. Additionally, a complex relationship between age, acety1cholinesterase, and plasma neuronal markers was found.
C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
RP Sokol, DK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Riley Hosp Children, Sch Med, Pediat Neurol RI 1757, 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
EM dksokol@iupui.edu
RI Maloney, Bryan/C-4924-2011
OI Maloney, Bryan/0000-0003-2364-9649
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   Lee M, 2002, BRAIN, V125, P1483, DOI 10.1093/brain/awf160
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NR 24
TC 36
Z9 37
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO
   L8N 3K7, CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 6
BP 444
EP 449
DI 10.2310/7010.2006.00130
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 069SW
UT WOS:000239469500002
PM 16948926
ER

PT J
AU Nagaraj, R
   Singhi, P
   Malhi, P
AF Nagaraj, Ravishankar
   Singhi, Pratibha
   Malhi, Prahbhjot
TI Risperidone in children with autism: Randomized, placebo-controlled,
   double-blind study
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RATING-SCALE; OPEN TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS; HALOPERIDOL
AB Some open-label studies suggest that risperidone can be useful in the treatment of certain target symptoms in children with autism. We aimed to study whether the use of risperidone in comparison with placebo improved functioning in children with autism with regard to behavior (aggressiveness, hyperactivity, irritability), social and emotional responsiveness, and communication skills. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 40 consecutive children with autism, whose ages ranged from 2 to 9 years, who were receiving either risperidone or placebo given orally at a dose of 1 mg/day for 6 months. Autism symptoms were monitored periodically. The outcome variables were total scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) after 6 months. Of the 40 children enrolled, 39 completed the trial over a period of 18 months; 19 received risperidone, and 20 received placebo. In the risperidone group, 12 of 19 children showed improvement in the total Childhood Autism Rating Scale score and 17 of 19 children in the Children's Global Assessment Scale score compared with 0 of 20 children for the Childhood Autism Rating Scale,score and 2 of 20 children for the Children's Global Assessment Scale score in the placebo group (P <.001 and P =.035, respectively). Risperidone also improved social responsiveness and nonverbal communication and reduced the symptoms of hyperactivity and aggression. Risperidone was associated with increased appetite and a mild weight gain, mild sedation in 20%, and transient dyskinesias in three children. Risperidone improved global functioning and social responsiveness while reducing hyperactivity and aggression in children with autism and was well tolerated.
C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Adv Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Chandigarh 160012, India.
RP Singhi, P (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Adv Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
EM drsinghi@glide.net.in
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   SHAFFER D, 1983, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V40, P1228
NR 19
TC 65
Z9 70
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO
   L8N 3K7, CANADA
SN 0883-0738
J9 J CHILD NEUROL
JI J. Child Neurol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 21
IS 6
BP 450
EP 455
DI 10.2310/7010.2006.00099
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 069SW
UT WOS:000239469500003
PM 16948927
ER

PT J
AU Carcani-Rathwell, I
   Rabe-Hesketh, S
   Santosh, PJ
AF Carcani-Rathwell, Iris
   Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia
   Santosh, Paramala J.
TI Repetitive and stereotyped behaviours in pervasive developmental
   disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE repetitive and stereotyped behaviours; sensory and motor stereotypies;
   cognitive rigidity; pervasive developmental disorders; autism; mental
   retardation
ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN;
   PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; INFANTS; HISTORY; TRAITS; TWIN
AB Background: Repetitive and stereotyped behaviours are a heterogeneous group of behaviours present in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite their core significance in PDD, it is not clear whether there are distinct groups of these behaviours with different specificity to autism. Methods: A two-factor model of the repetitive behaviours, namely sensory/motor (lower-order) and cognitive rigidity (higher-order), was conceptualised. The model's goodness of fit to the data was examined in a clinic population of children with PDD, with and without mental retardation, and of those with only mental retardation (MR). Results: Subjects with PDD had higher rates of all repetitive behaviours compared to those with MR only. The existence of two independent 'lower-order' and 'higher-order' sub-groups of the repetitive behaviours was confirmed only in the MR group. The lower-order behaviours appear to be associated more with global developmental problems, whereas the higher-order behaviours were significantly associated with ruminations in the PDD group. Conclusions: This study suggests that there may be two distinct sub-groups of repetitive behaviours whereby the sensory and motor repetitive behaviours are generally associated with lower developmental age and less specific to the autistic syndrome whereas the 'higher-order' behaviours may be a more 'autism-specific' feature. The co-occurrence of the lower- and higher-order behaviours in PDD might reflect the end result of diffuse altered neural networks in these disorders thus being a specific feature of PDD. There is a need for more systematic studies of these behaviours not only in autistic disorders but also in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
C1 S London & Maudsley NHS Trust, Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London, England.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Sch Educ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England.
RP Carcani-Rathwell, I (reprint author), Kings Coll Hosp London, Belgrave Dept, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, England.
EM iris.carcani-rathwell@slam.nhs.uk
RI Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia/B-1643-2008
OI Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia/0000-0002-5257-4837
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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   BACHARA GH, 1980, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V50, P933
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NR 43
TC 55
Z9 55
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 573
EP 581
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01565.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900006
PM 16712634
ER

PT J
AU Szatmari, P
   Georgiades, S
   Bryson, S
   Zwaigenbaum, L
   Roberts, W
   Mahoney, W
   Goldberg, J
   Tuff, L
AF Szatmari, P
   Georgiades, S
   Bryson, S
   Zwaigenbaum, L
   Roberts, W
   Mahoney, W
   Goldberg, J
   Tuff, L
TI Investigating the structure of the restricted, repetitive behaviours and
   interests domain of autism
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE pervasive developmental disorders; autism; restricted repetitive
   behaviours and interests; principal components analysis; structure of
   autism domains; genetic studies
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; INTERVIEW; SUBTYPES
AB Background: The Restricted, Repetitive Behaviours and Interests (RRBIs) are represented in the DSM-IV and measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) as one of the three homogeneous symptom categories of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Although this conceptualisation is well accepted in the field, the grouping of symptoms is based primarily on clinical judgment rather than on empirical evidence. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the RRBI domain of autism. Eleven items from this domain of the ADI-R were used in a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Our sample consisted of 339 individuals with a Best Estimate diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). Results: Findings indicate that the RRBI domain is composed of two distinct factors or dimensions: Insistence on Sameness ( IS) and Repetitive Sensory and Motor Behaviours (RSMB). RSMB is negatively correlated with adaptive skills; that is, lower functioning individuals tend to have higher levels of repetitive sensory and motor behaviours. On the other hand, IS is positively correlated with autistic symptoms in the communication and language domain. Further analyses suggest moderate familial aggregation among affected sibling pairs within the IS but not the RSMB factor. Conclusions: These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of the RRBI domain of the ADI-R in terms of both clinical presentation and other correlates. In addition, the IS factor seems to be under familial (presumably genetic) control, while RSMB appears to simply reflect variation in developmental level.
C1 McMaster Univ, Offord Ctr Child Studies, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
   McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
   Dalhousie Univ, IWK Hlth Ctr, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada.
   Dalhousie Univ, IWK Hlth Ctr, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada.
   Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
RP Szatmari, P (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Offord Ctr Child Studies, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Chedoke Site,Patterson Bldg,1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
EM szatmar@mcmaster.ca
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   ARMITAGE P, 1998, ENCY BIOSTATISTICS, V5
   Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855
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NR 26
TC 96
Z9 96
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 582
EP 590
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900007
PM 16712635
ER

PT J
AU Baranek, GT
   David, FJ
   Poe, MD
   Stone, WL
   Watson, LR
AF Baranek, GT
   David, FJ
   Poe, MD
   Stone, WL
   Watson, LR
TI Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: discriminating sensory features in
   young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical
   development
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE sensory modulation/processing; hyper/hyporesponsiveness; autism;
   developmental disabilities
ID DISORDERS; ATTENTION; PROFILE; MODEL; DISABILITIES; INTEGRATION;
   INTERVIEW; RESPONSES; SYMPTOMS; MOTOR
AB Background: This study describes a new caregiver-report assessment, the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), and explicates the nature of sensory patterns of hyper- and hyporesponsiveness, their prevalence, and developmental correlates in autism relative to comparison groups. Method: Caregivers of 258 children in five diagnostic groups (Autism, PDD, DD/MR, Other DD, Typical) ages 5 - 80 months completed the SEQ. Results: The SEQ's internal consistency was alpha = .80. Prevalence of overall sensory symptoms for the Autism group was 69%. Sensory symptoms were inversely related to mental age. The Autism group had significantly higher symptoms than either the Typical or DD groups and presented with a unique pattern of response to sensory stimuli-hyporesponsiveness in both social and nonsocial contexts. A pattern of hyperresponsiveness was similar in the Autism and DD groups, but significantly greater in both clinical groups than in the Typical group. Conclusion: The SEQ was able to characterize sensory features in young children with autism, and differentiate their sensory patterns from comparison groups. These unique sensory patterns have etiological implications, as well as relevance for assessment and intervention practices.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
RP Baranek, GT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Room 111,Wing E, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM gbaranek@med.unc.edu
RI Poe, Michele/K-6615-2012; David, Fabian/K-6872-2013; David,
   Fabian/C-6028-2014
OI Poe, Michele/0000-0001-9693-3638; David, Fabian/0000-0002-3053-4295;
   David, Fabian/0000-0001-7780-788X
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NR 57
TC 145
Z9 146
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 591
EP 601
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900008
PM 16712636
ER

PT J
AU Hessl, D
   Glaser, B
   Dyer-Friedman, J
   Reiss, AL
AF Hessl, D
   Glaser, B
   Dyer-Friedman, J
   Reiss, AL
TI Social behavior and cortisol reactivity in children with fragile X
   syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE fragile X syndrome; cortisol; anxiety; social phobia; FMR1 gene; gaze;
   autism
ID SALIVARY CORTISOL; PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; MALES; DISORDERS; CHECKLIST;
   PHOBIA
AB Objective: To examine the association between limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (L-HPA) axis reactivity and social behavior in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Method: Salivary cortisol changes and concurrent anxiety-related behaviors consistent with the behavioral phenotype of FXS were measured in 90 children with the fragile X full mutation and their 90 unaffected siblings during a social challenge task in the home. Results: Boys and girls with FXS demonstrated more gaze aversion, task avoidance, behavioral signs of distress, and poorer vocal quality than the unaffected siblings. Multiple regression analyses showed that after accounting for effects of IQ, gender, age, quality of the home environment, and basal cortisol level, cortisol reactivity to the task was significantly associated with social gaze in children with FXS. The most gaze-aversive children with FXS had cortisol reductions, whereas those with more eye contact demonstrated the most cortisol reactivity. Unaffected siblings demonstrated an opposite pattern in which less eye contact was associated with increased cortisol reactivity. Conclusions: Results of the study suggest a unique relation between abnormal gaze behavior and L-HPA mediated stress reactivity in FXS.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Reiss, AL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM reiss@stanford.edu
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NR 37
TC 54
Z9 54
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 602
EP 610
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01556.x
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900009
PM 16712637
ER

PT J
AU Kasari, C
   Freeman, S
   Paparella, T
AF Kasari, C
   Freeman, S
   Paparella, T
TI Joint attention and symbolic play in young children with autism: a
   randomized controlled intervention study
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE intervention; joint attention; symbolic play; autism
ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; SKILLS; DEFICITS
AB Background: Delays and deficits in joint attention and symbolic play constitute two important developmental problems in young children with autism. These areas of deficit have been well studied in autism but have rarely been the focus of treatment efforts (see Kasari, Freeman, & Paparella, 2001). In this study, we examine the efficacy of targeted interventions of joint attention and symbolic play. Methods: Participants were 58 children with autism aged 3 and 4 years ( 46 boys). Children were randomized to a joint attention intervention, a symbolic play intervention, or control group. Interventions were conducted 30 minutes daily for 5 - 6 weeks. Both structured assessments of joint attention and play skills and mother - child interactions were collected pre and post intervention by independent assessors. Results: Results indicate that both intervention groups improved significantly over the control group on certain behaviors. Children in the joint attention intervention initiated significantly more showing and responsiveness to joint attention on the structured joint attention assessment and more child-initiated joint attention in the mother - child interaction. The children in the play group showed more diverse types of symbolic play in interaction with their mothers and higher play levels on both the play assessment and in interaction with their mothers. Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial provides promising data on the specificity and generalizability of joint attention and play interventions for young children with autism. Future studies need to examine the long-term effects of these early interventions on children's development.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 3132 Moore Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM Kasari@gseis.ucla.edu
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NR 39
TC 184
Z9 188
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 611
EP 620
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01567.x
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900010
PM 16712638
ER

PT J
AU Conti-Ramsden, G
   Simkin, Z
   Botting, N
AF Conti-Ramsden, Gina
   Simkin, Zoe
   Botting, Nicola
TI The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in adolescents with a
   history of specific language impairment (SLI)
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE specific language impairment (SLI); autism; prevalence; diagnosis
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; AGE;
   UPDATE
AB Background: Traditionally, autism and specific language impairment (SLI) have been regarded as distinct disorders but, more recently, evidence has been put forward for a closer link between them: a common set of language problems, in particular receptive language difficulties and the existence of intermediate cases including pragmatic language impairment. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a large sample of adolescents with a history of SLI. Method: The presence of autism spectrum disorders was examined in seventy-six 14-year-olds with a confirmed history of SLI. A variety of instruments were employed, including the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Family History Interview (FHI). Results: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in young people with SLI was found to be 3.9%, about 10 times what would be expected from the general population. In addition, a much larger number of young people with a history of SLI showed only some autism spectrum symptoms or showed them in a mild form. Conclusions: Young people with SLI have an increased risk of autism. The magnitude of this risk is considerable. In addition, a larger proportion ( a quarter of individuals) present with a number of behaviours consistent with autism spectrum disorders.
C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Psychol Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Conti-Ramsden, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Psychol Sci, Devas St Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
EM gina.conti-ramsden@manchester.ac.uk
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4
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NR 33
TC 61
Z9 62
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 621
EP 628
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01584.x
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900011
PM 16712639
ER

PT J
AU Landa, R
   Garrett-Mayer, E
AF Landa, R
   Garrett-Mayer, E
TI Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective
   study
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; autistic disorder; language
   impairment; language delay; language disorder; motor skills; pervasive
   developmental disorder; siblings
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES;
   FAMILY HISTORY; FOLLOW-UP; MOTOR; AGE; REGRESSION; IMITATION
AB Background: Autism is rarely diagnosed before three years of age despite evidence suggesting prenatal abnormalities in neurobiological processes. Little is known about when or how development becomes disrupted in the first two years of life in autism. Such information is needed to facilitate early detection and early intervention. Methods: This prospective study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) examined development using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) in 87 infants tested at target ages 6, 14, and 24 months. Participants came from infants at high risk (siblings of children with autism) and low risk (no family history of autism) groups. Based on language test scores, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and clinical judgment at 24 months of age, participants were categorized as: unaffected, ASD, or language delayed (LD). Longitudinal linear regression and ANOVA models were applied to MSEL raw scores, and estimates were compared between the three diagnostic groups. Results: No statistically significant group differences were detected at 6 months. By 14 months of age, the ASD group performed significantly worse than the unaffected group on all scales except Visual Reception. By 24 months of age, the ASD group performed significantly worse than the unaffected group in all domains, and worse than the language delayed group in Gross Motor, Fine Motor, and Receptive Language. The developmental trajectory of the ASD group was slower than the other groups', and showed a significant decrease in development between the first and second birthdays. Conclusions: Variations from typical and language delayed development are detectable in many children with ASD using a measure of general development by 24 months of age. Unusual slowing in performance occurred between 14 and 24 months of age in ASD.
C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Landa, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Inst, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA.
EM landa@kennedykrieger.org
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NR 55
TC 194
Z9 199
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 629
EP 638
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900012
PM 16712640
ER

PT J
AU Bolte, S
   Poustka, F
AF Bolte, S
   Poustka, F
TI The broader cognitive phenotype of autism in parents: how specific is
   the tendency for local processing and executive dysfunction?
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; phenotype; executive function; local processing; genetics
ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; SUBCLINICAL MARKERS;
   ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIBLINGS; DEFICITS;
   METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS
AB Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the tendency for local processing style ('weak central coherence') and executive dysfunction in parents of subjects with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with parents of individuals with early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and mental retardation (MR). Method: Sixty-two parents of subjects with ASD, 36 parents of subjects with EOS and 30 parents of subjects with MR were examined. Data on two scales indicative of local visual processing (Embedded Figures Test, Block Design) and on three executive function tests ( Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi, Trailmaking Test) were collected for all participants. Results: Parents of subjects with ASD performed significantly faster on the Embedded Figures Test compared with both control samples. No other substantial group differences were observed. Conclusions: The findings indicate that an increased tendency for local processing in terms of visual disembedding could be a relatively specific core feature of the broader cognitive phenotype of autism in parents.
C1 Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
EM Boelte@em.uni-frankfurt.de
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NR 31
TC 32
Z9 33
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 6
BP 639
EP 645
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01603.x
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 043XT
UT WOS:000237636900013
PM 16712641
ER

PT J
AU Corden, B
   Critchley, HD
   Skuse, D
   Dolan, RJ
AF Corden, Ben
   Critchley, Hugo D.
   Skuse, David
   Dolan, Raymond J.
TI Fear recognition ability predicts differences in social cognitive and
   neural functioning in men
SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; AMYGDALA DAMAGE; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; FACIAL
   EXPRESSIONS; ANIMATED SHAPES; BRAIN-AREAS; EYE GAZE; MIND; PERCEPTION;
   AUTISM
AB By testing the facial fear-recognition ability of 341 men in the general population, we show that 8.8% have deficits akin to those seen with acquired amygdala damage, Using psychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we tested the hypothesis that poor fear recognition would predict deficits in other domains of social cognition and, in response to socially relevant stimuli, abnormal activation in brain regions that putatively reflect engagement of the "social brain." On tests of "theory of mind" ability, 25 "low fear scorers" (LFS) performed significantly worse than 25 age- and IQ-matched "normal (good) fear scorers" (NFS). In fMRI, we compared evoked activity during a gender judgement task to neutral faces portraying different head and eye gaze orientations in 12 NFS and 12 LFS subjects. Despite identical between-group accuracy in gender discrimination, LFS demonstrated significantly reduced activation in amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and anterior superior temporal cortices when viewing faces with direct versus averted gaze. In a functional connectivity analysis, NFS show enhanced connectivity between the amygdala and anterior temporal cortex in the context of direct gaze; this enhanced coupling is absent in LFS. We suggest that important individual differences in social cognitive skills are expressed within the healthy male population, which appear to have a basis in a compromised neural system that underpins social information processing.
C1 UCL, London, England.
RP Corden, B (reprint author), Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England.
EM b.corden@ich.ucl.ac.uk
RI critchley, hugo/G-9267-2011
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NR 45
TC 33
Z9 33
PU MIT PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA
SN 0898-929X
J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI
JI J. Cogn. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 6
BP 889
EP 897
DI 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.889
PG 9
WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 055LK
UT WOS:000238452000003
PM 16839297
ER

PT J
AU Yoder, P
   Stone, WL
AF Yoder, P
   Stone, WL
TI Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for
   preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE communication intervention; autism; initiating joint attention;
   randomized trial; efficacy study
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; JOINT ATTENTION; INTENTIONAL
   COMMUNICATION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; CHILDREN;
   BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; SYSTEM; SPEECH
AB This randomized group experiment compared the efficacy of 2 communication interventions (Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (RPMT] and the Picture Exchange Communication System [PECS]) in 36 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Each treatment was delivered 3 times per week, in 20-min sessions, for 6 months. The results revealed that the RPMT facilitated the frequency of generalized turn taking and generalized initiating joint attention more than did the PECS. The latter effect occurred only for children who began treatment with at least some initiating joint attention, In contrast, the PECS facilitated generalized requests more than the RPMT in children with very little initiating joint attention prior to treatment. These effect sizes were large.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Special Educ Dept, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
RP Yoder, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Special Educ Dept, Peabody Box 328, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.
EM paul.yoder@vanderbilt.edu
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NR 41
TC 94
Z9 95
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0022-006X
J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH
JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 74
IS 3
BP 426
EP 435
DI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426
PG 10
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 060FB
UT WOS:000238786700003
PM 16822100
ER

PT J
AU Roberts, JE
   Boccia, ML
   Hatton, DD
   Skinner, ML
   Sideris, J
AF Roberts, JE
   Boccia, ML
   Hatton, DD
   Skinner, ML
   Sideris, J
TI Temperament and vagal tone in boys with fragile X syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE vagal tone; arousal; reactivity; fragile X syndrome; temperament
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL; BEHAVIORAL-REGULATION; CARDIAC
   RESPONSES; POLYVAGAL THEORY; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MALES; AUTISM; PERSONALITY;
   CHILDHOOD
AB Physiological hyperarousal, an elevated state of physiological arousal and poor modulation, has been postulated to be a significant source of behavior problems in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Temperament has been associated with behavior problems and may also reflect biological reactivity. Young boys with FXS display poorly modulated and low levels of vagal tone and high activity, poor attention, low adaptability, poor persistence, and low intensity when compared with a reference sample of typically developing. In this study, we integrated physiological indices of vagal tone with temperament ratings and compared a sample of 29 young boys with FXS to 31 typically developing boys matched on chronological age and ethnicity. Boys with FXS were more active, less adaptable, and less persistent than the comparison group. Boys with FXS also showed lower baseline levels and less suppression of vagal tone in response to changing task demands. A relationship between baseline vagal tone and persistence was shown across both groups. However, group differences in temperament dimensions did not appear to be mediated or moderated by vagal tone.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Social Work, Social Dev Res Grp, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Ctr, CB 8040, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA.
EM Jane_Roberts@unc.edu
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NR 56
TC 10
Z9 10
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0196-206X
J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR
JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 3
BP 193
EP 201
DI 10.1097/00004703-200606000-00003
PG 9
WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 056CK
UT WOS:000238498500003
PM 16775515
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, CR
   Rakison, DH
AF Johnson, Cynthia R.
   Rakison, D. H.
TI Early categorization of animate/inanimate concepts in young children
   with autism
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; categorization; cognitive processes; cognitive development
ID DYNAMIC FEATURES; INFANCY; PERCEPTION; KNOWLEDGE; IMITATION
AB Categorization and concept formation deficits along with other cognitive processing deficits have been suggested in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A compelling early cognitive deficit is the formation of coherent concepts for animates and inanimates. Development of such concepts is thought to be a crucial building block for young children's emerging understanding that different object kinds possess different physical, psychological, biological, and motion-related properties [Rakison, D. H., and Poulin-Dubois, D. (2001). Psychol. Bull. 127(2): 209-228]. In this preliminary study, 11 preschoolers with ASD participated in two experiments that tested early concept formation. A visually-based habituation paradigm was used to test whether young children with ASD could detect correlations among static and dynamic cues and whether they were selective in the correlations to which they attend. A more interactive imitation task was used to test children's knowledge of simple linear and nonlinear motions of animates and inanimates. Results suggest that the preschoolers with autism are delayed in the processes by which they form categories but nonetheless possess relevant knowledge about the motion properties of animates and inanimates. Implications of this preliminary study are discussed.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Autism Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Johnson, CR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Autism Ctr, 3705 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM Cynthia.Johnson@chp.edu
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NR 36
TC 10
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1056-263X
J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL
JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 2
BP 73
EP 89
DI 10.1007/s10882-006-9007-7
PG 17
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 102UW
UT WOS:000241839800001
ER

PT J
AU Boggs, KM
   Gross, AM
   Gohm, CL
AF Boggs, Koren M.
   Gross, Alan M.
   Gohm, Carol L.
TI Validity of the Asperger syndrome Diagnostic Scale
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; Asperger's disorder; diagnosis; external validity
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM; SPECTRUM
AB Until publication of the Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale (ASDS) in 2001, no standardized and nationally-normed instrument existed specifically for the purpose of diagnosing Asperger syndrome (AS) [Myles et al., 2001. Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale ASDS), PRO-ED, Austin]. This study sought to augment the existing psychometric data on the ASDS through examination of its divergent, convergent, and discriminative validity. Measures of AS, autism, and social skills competence were administered to 76 children with AS, autism, intellectually gifted children, and a control group of typically developing children without AS or autism. Results supported the divergent and convergent validity of the ASDS. Discriminative validity was partially supported. The ASDS was the best discriminator between children with AS and those without AS. Diagnostic accuracy for those with AS and autism was enhanced when scores on the ASDS were combined with scores on the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). Findings are discussed relative to the debate over the external validity of AS and the resulting limitations on research in the area.
C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Psychol, University, MS 38677 USA.
RP Gross, AM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Psychol, Peabody Bldg, University, MS 38677 USA.
EM pygross@olemiss.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G
   Barnhill G., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P146, DOI [10.1177/108835760001500303, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500303]
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   Gillberg C., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P11, DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001002
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   Gilliam J. E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN
   GILLIAM JE, 2001, GILLIAM ASPERGERS DI
   Gresham F. M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING
   Howlin P., 2000, CHILD PSYCHOL PSYCHI, V5, P120, DOI DOI 10.1017/S1360641700002288
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   *MISS DEP ED, 2002, DEF EL CRIT DIS
   MYLES BS, 2001, ASPERGER SYNDROME DI
   Ozonoff S., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P29, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300041003
   Ozonoff S, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P72
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   World Health Organization, 1993, ICD10 CLASS MENT BEH
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1056-263X
J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL
JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 2
BP 163
EP 182
DI 10.1007/s10882-006-9008-6
PG 20
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 102UW
UT WOS:000241839800005
ER

PT J
AU Sumi, S
   Taniai, H
   Miyachi, T
   Tanemura, M
AF Sumi, S
   Taniai, H
   Miyachi, T
   Tanemura, M
TI Sibling risk of pervasive developmental disorder estimated by means of
   an epidemiologic survey in Nagoya, Japan
SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; pervasive developmental disorder; sibling; low birth-weight;
   multifactorial inheritance
ID AUTISM; GENETICS; CHILDREN; TWIN
AB Broad-spectrum autism, referred to as pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), may be associated with genetic factors. We examined 241 siblings in 269 Japanese families with affected children. The sibling incidence of PDD was 10.0% whereas the prevalence of PDD in the general population in the same geographic region was 2.1%. Both of these rates are higher than those reported previously, probably because of the expanded clinical criteria applied. The prevalence in males of the general population was 3.3% and that in females was 0.82%. The sibling incidences were 7.7 and 20.0% for families in which the probands were male and female, respectively. Because the reversed sex ratios correspond to the general rule for a multifactorial threshold model, we suggest that most PDD cases result from the cumulative effects of multiple factors (mostly genetic). The sibling incidences were 0 and 10.9% for families in which the proband had low and normal birth-weight, respectively, suggesting the risk is lower in families with low-birth-weight probands.
C1 W Dist Care Ctr Disabled Children, Nakagawa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4540828, Japan.
   Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Pediat Neonatol & Congenital Disorders, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan.
   Nagoya Child Welf Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
   Nagoya City Univ Hosp, Div Clin & Mol Genet, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
RP Sumi, S (reprint author), W Dist Care Ctr Disabled Children, Nakagawa Ku, 20-48 Komoto, Nagoya, Aichi 4540828, Japan.
EM satoshi-sumi@mbn.nifty.com
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   American Psychiatric Association, 1980, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   AUGUST GJ, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V138, P416, DOI 10.1192/bjp.138.5.416
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   Gillberg C., 2000, BIOL AUTISTIC SYNDRO
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   Penrose L. S., 1963, BIOL MENTAL DEFECT
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   WING L, 1996, AUTISM SPECTRUM GUID
NR 22
TC 30
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN
SN 1434-5161
J9 J HUM GENET
JI J. Hum. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 51
IS 6
BP 518
EP 522
DI 10.1007/s10038-006-0392-7
PG 5
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 056NX
UT WOS:000238532300003
PM 16565880
ER

PT J
AU Ross, P
   Cuskelly, M
AF Ross, Penelope
   Cuskelly, Monica
TI Adjustment, sibling problems and coping strategies of brothers and
   sisters of children with autistic spectrum disorder
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE sibling; autism; autistic spectrum disorder; Asperger syndrome; coping;
   adjustment; relationship
ID BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; CHRONIC DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION;
   ADOLESCENTS; CHECKLIST; IMPAIRMENT; COMPETENCE; AUSTRALIA; ILLNESS
AB Background Siblings of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) express more problem behaviours and experience more difficulties in their relationships than do children in families where all children are developing typically. We know little about what contributes to these difficulties.
   Method Mothers of a child with ASD completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) with respect to a nondisabled sibling. Siblings responded to a questionnaire tapping their knowledge about their brother or sister's disorder. They reported on problems they had experienced with their brother or sister with ASD and on the coping strategies they had used in response to these events. Problems were classified into 1 of 5 problem types.
   Results Aggressive behaviour was the most commonly reported interaction problem and anger was the usual response. Siblings did not generally choose blaming (either self or other) as a coping strategy when facing difficulties with their brother or sister with ASD. Neither coping strategies nor knowledge of ASD were associated with adjustment. Forty percent of nondisabled siblings had scores on the Child Behavior Checklist that placed them in the borderline or clinical range.
   Conclusions The current study indicated that siblings of children with ASD are at increased risk of developing internalising behaviour problems. The contributing factors to this outcome are unknown at this point. It is important for research to focus on dynamic variables in the search for these contributors, as they are open to change.
C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Educ, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Cuskelly, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Educ, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
EM m.cuskelly@uq.edu.au
RI Cuskelly, Monica/A-6517-2011
OI Cuskelly, Monica/0000-0001-9986-9985
CR Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   BAGENHOLM A, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P291
   BOND L, 1994, AUST PSYCHOL, V29, P103, DOI 10.1080/00050069408257332
   Cuskelly M., 1999, INT J ADV COUNS, V21, P111, DOI 10.1023/A:1005331700993
   DONOVAN AM, 1988, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P502
   Edgar KA, 2003, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V28, P485, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsg039
   Fisman S, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1532, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00023
   Fisman S, 2000, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V45, P369
   Gamble W., 1989, J APPLIED DEV PSYCHO, V10, P353, DOI 10.1016/0193-3973(89)90035-X
   GAMBLE WC, 1993, EFFECTS OF MENTAL RETARDATION, DISABILITY AND ILLNESS ON SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS, P287
   Garralda ME, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P543
   Gibbs B., 1993, FAMILIES DISABILITY, P343
   Gilliam J. E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN
   GOLD N, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P147, DOI 10.1007/BF01066424
   Hastings RP, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P99, DOI 10.1023/A:1022290723442
   HENSLEY VR, 1988, AUST PSYCHOL, V23, P371, DOI 10.1080/00050068808255619
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   HOWLIN P, 1988, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V14, P395, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1988.tb00591.x
   Kaminsky L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P225, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00015
   Lobato DJ, 2002, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V27, P711, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/27.8.711
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   RODRIGUE JR, 2000, CHILD HLTH ASSESSMEN
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NR 35
TC 47
Z9 47
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1366-8250
J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS
JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 2
BP 77
EP 86
DI 10.1080/13668250600710864
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072QO
UT WOS:000239688300002
PM 16782592
ER

PT J
AU Kishida, Y
   Kemp, C
AF Kishida, Yuriko
   Kemp, Coral
TI A measure of engagement for children with intellectual disabilities in
   early childhood settings: A preliminary study
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE engagement; engagement measure; severe intellectual disability;
   children; childcare; inclusion
ID CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES; EARLY INTERVENTION; AUTISM; PRESCHOOLERS; SUPPORT;
   TRIALS; CARE
AB Background The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of engagement that could be used in practice with children with disabilities, including children with severe intellectual disabilities.
   Method The Individual Child Engagement Record (ICER) was designed to observe and record the engagement of individual children in order to identify optimal programs for them. Using the measure, 5 children with mild to severe disabilities were observed in an inclusive childcare setting across 4 types of ongoing activities: routine, one-to-one instruction, planned, and child-initiated.
   Results Generally, the children were better engaged in routine activities. The lowest level of engagement was found for planned activities. There were, however, differences across children with regard to the relative value of the different types of activities in promoting engagement.
   Conclusions The measure allowed for the identification of activities that would provide better learning opportunities for children with significant disabilities.
C1 Macquarie Univ, Special Educ Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
RP Kemp, C (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Special Educ Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
EM coral.kemp@speced.sed.mq.edu.au
CR Alberto P. A., 2003, APPL BEHAV ANAL TEAC
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Bailey D. B., 1992, TEACHING INFANTS PRE, P33
   Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT
   Bevill AR, 2001, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V24, P129
   BRAMLETT RK, 1993, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V22, P49
   Bricker D., 1998, ACTIVITY BASED APPRO
   Brown WH, 1996, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V20, P364
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   Elliott C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY
   Foley D., 2000, REV EARLY CHILDHOOD
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   Griffiths R., 1984, GRIFFITHS MENTAL DEV
   Hunt P, 2004, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V24, P123, DOI 10.1177/02711214040240030101
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   Odom SL, 2000, BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION, P193
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   ZANOLLI K, 1995, BEHAV MODIF, V19, P339, DOI 10.1177/01454455950193005
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1366-8250
J9 J INTELLECT DEV DIS
JI J. Intellect. Dev. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 2
BP 101
EP 114
DI 10.1080/13668250600710823
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 072QO
UT WOS:000239688300005
PM 16782595
ER

PT J
AU Sahoo, T
   Peters, SU
   Madduri, NS
   Glaze, DG
   German, JR
   Bird, LM
   Barbieri-Welge, R
   Bichell, TJ
   Beaudet, AL
   Bacino, CA
AF Sahoo, T
   Peters, SU
   Madduri, NS
   Glaze, DG
   German, JR
   Bird, LM
   Barbieri-Welge, R
   Bichell, TJ
   Beaudet, AL
   Bacino, CA
TI Microarray based comparative genomic hybridization testing in deletion
   bearing patients with Angelman syndrome: genotype-phenotype correlations
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOME
   15Q11-Q13; AUTISTIC DISORDER; PARENTAL ORIGIN; GENE UBE3A; FRAGILE-X;
   MUTATIONS; 15Q; CHILDREN
AB Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe mental retardation, dysmorphic features, ataxia, seizures, and typical behavioural characteristics, including a happy sociable disposition. AS is caused by maternal deficiency of UBE3A (E6 associated protein ubiquitin protein ligase 3A gene), located in an imprinted region on chromosome 15q11-q13. Although there are four different molecular types of AS, deletions of the 15q11-q13 region account for approximately 70% of the AS patients. These deletions are usually detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation studies. The deletions can also be subclassified based on their size into class I and class II, with the former being larger and encompassing the latter.
   Methods: We studied 22 patients with AS due to microdeletions using a microarray based comparative genomic hybridisation ( array CGH) assay to define the deletions and analysed their phenotypic severity, especially expression of the autism phenotype, in order to establish clinical correlations.
   Results: Overall, children with larger, class I deletions were significantly more likely to meet criteria for autism, had lower cognitive scores, and lower expressive language scores compared with children with smaller, class II deletions. Children with class I deletions also required more medications to control their seizures than did those in the class II group.
   Conclusions: There are four known genes (NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, & GCP5) that are affected by class I but not class II deletions, thus raising the possibility of a role for these genes in autism as well as the development of expressive language skills.
C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   San Diego Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Bacino, CA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM cbacino@bcm.tmc.edu
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NR 43
TC 44
Z9 45
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 6
BP 512
EP 516
DI 10.1136/jmg.2005.036913
PG 5
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 048UZ
UT WOS:000237973300008
PM 16183798
ER

PT J
AU Jones, JD
AF Jones, Jennifer D.
TI Songs composed for use in music therapy: A survey of original
   songwriting practices of music therapists
SO JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th World Congress of Music Therapy
CY JUL 19-23, 2005
CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
ID ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; AUTISM; PEOPLE; LIVE
AB While researchers have documented the efficacy of clinical songwriting in music therapy, limited research has been conducted on songs composed by music therapists that address clinical goals. The purpose of this research was to examine the original songwriting practices of music therapists. Professional music therapists (N = 1,364) received a 14-question survey via email asking each to identify client populations and clinical goals addressed by original songs, their length of time in clinical practice, and specifics about their acquisition of songwriting skills. The data collected from 302 completed surveys revealed that respondents who used original songs were most likely to work with children and adolescents in schools or the developmental disability field and wrote songs in order to individualize treatment. Music therapists working with persons over 65 years of age in long term care or assisted living programs were the least likely to use original songs in clinical practice, opting for interventions utilizing the client's familiar music. Most music therapists found songwriting generally easy, but only 37% indicated that they acquired this skill during their undergraduate degree. Additional research on the clinical efficacy of original songs and therapist's compositional processes is needed to identify best practices models for strategic songwriting.
C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Jones, JD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
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NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
PU NATL ASSOC MUSIC THERAPY INC
PI SILVER SPRING
PA 8455 COLESVILLE RD, STE 1000, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA
SN 0022-2917
J9 J MUSIC THER
JI J. Music Ther.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 2
BP 94
EP 110
PG 17
WC Music; Rehabilitation
SC Music; Rehabilitation
GA 065JP
UT WOS:000239156400001
PM 16854214
ER

PT J
AU Simonneau, MJ
   Maussion, G
   Bestel, AM
   Moalic, JM
   Gorwood, P
   Ramoz, N
AF Simonneau, MJ
   Maussion, G
   Bestel, AM
   Moalic, JM
   Gorwood, P
   Ramoz, N
TI Dysregulation of genes encoding synaptic proteins in autism: analysis of
   identified subgroups of neurons from human brain using Q-PCR
SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Paris 07, Unite INSERM 675, IFR2, Paris, France.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0300-9564
J9 J NEURAL TRANSM
JI J. Neural Transm.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 113
IS 6
BP XV
EP XV
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 050PM
UT WOS:000238100400066
ER

PT J
AU Brown, KE
   Mirenda, P
AF Brown, Kenneth E.
   Mirenda, Pat
TI Contingency mapping: Use of a novel visual support strategy as an
   adjunct to functional equivalence training
SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT; PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; DESTRUCTIVE
   BEHAVIOR; ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIOR; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; REINFORCEMENT;
   AUTISM; EXTINCTION; INTERVENTION; MAINTENANCE
AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of contingency mapping, a new visual support strategy designed to enhance clients' understanding of the contingencies associated with functional equivalence training (FET). The study was conducted in a general education classroom with an adolescent boy with autism who engaged in prompt dependent behavior. A multiple baseline ABCD design across three activities was used to evaluate intervention effectiveness and to compare a verbal contingency intervention with contingency mapping. Results indicated that the verbal contingency had no effect, whereas contingency mapping was related to immediate, dramatic, and sustained reductions in problem behavior and increases in alternative behavior. Social validation and follow-up data are also included. The potential of contingency mapping as an adjunct to FET is discussed.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
RP Brown, KE (reprint author), 939 Ridgeway Ave, Vancouver, BC V7L 3R3, Canada.
EM kennethbrown@telus.net
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   *NAT RES COUNC, 2003, ED CHILDR AUT
   O'Neill R. E., 1997, FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMEN, V2nd
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NR 47
TC 6
Z9 6
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 1098-3007
J9 J POSIT BEHAV INTERV
JI J. Posit. Behav. Interv.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 8
IS 3
BP 155
EP 164
DI 10.1177/10983007060080030401
PG 10
WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special
SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research
GA 063VF
UT WOS:000239047300004
ER

PT J
AU Mechling, LC
AF Mechling, Linda C.
TI Comparison of the effects of three approaches on the frequency of
   stimulus activations, via a single switch, by students with profound
   intellectual disabilities
SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; MODERATE DISABILITIES; PREFERENCES;
   MICROSWITCHES; CHILDREN; AUTISM; INSTRUCTION; HANDICAPS; SKILLS
AB The effects of three classes of reinforcing stimuli were compared across three students with profound intellectual disabilities. A multielement design with no baseline and final "best treatments" phase was used to measure the frequency of single-switch activations by each student across treatments. The three interventions were Treatment A, adapted toys and devices; Treatment B, cause-and-effect commercial software; and Treatment C, instructor-created video programs. Stimulus activations using a single switch were consistently greater when using individualized computer-based video programs. Implications for identifying stimuli for students who may not respond to traditional methods for teaching means-end contingencies (cause and effect) are discussed.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Curricular Studies, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
RP Mechling, LC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Curricular Studies, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
CR Alberto P. A., 1999, APPL BEHAV ANAL TEAC
   Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT
   BILLINGSLEY F, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P229
   Branham RS, 1999, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V34, P170
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   Cooper J., 1987, APPL BEHAV ANAL
   COOPER RJ, 1996, TEENAGE SWITCH PROGR
   Daniels LE, 1995, INFANT TODDLER INTER, V5, P91
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   *INCL TLC, 2002, SWITCHIT WEATH
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NR 46
TC 36
Z9 36
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0022-4669
J9 J SPEC EDUC
JI J. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 40
IS 2
BP 94
EP 102
DI 10.1177/00224669060400020501
PG 9
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 066YN
UT WOS:000239266800003
ER

PT J
AU Kashinath, S
   Woods, J
   Goldstein, H
AF Kashinath, S
   Woods, J
   Goldstein, H
TI Enhancing generalized teaching strategy use in daily routines by parents
   of children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE language treatment; autism; preschool children
ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; MATERNAL LANGUAGE; SKILLS;
   INTERVENTION; ACQUISITION; MOTHERS; STYLE; COMMUNICATION; DISABILITIES
AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of facilitating generalized use of teaching strategies by parents of children with autism within daily routines.
   Method: Five preschool children with autism participated in intervention with a parent within daily routines in the family's home. Parents learned to include 2 teaching strategies in target routines to address their child's communication objectives. Parent-child interactions in routines were videotaped for data coding and analysis. Proactive programming of generalization occurred by systematic selection of intervention routines and by embedding intervention in multiple routines. Generalization data were collected by measuring strategy use in untrained routines. A multiple baseline design across teaching strategies was used to assess experimental effects.
   Results: All parents demonstrated proficient use of teaching strategies and generalized their use across routines. The intervention had positive effects on child communication outcomes. All parents perceived the intervention to be beneficial.
   Conclusion: Results from this study add to the limited body of evidence supporting parent-implemented interventions in natural environments with young children with autism spectrum disorder. Additional research that replicates this approach with children of varying ages and disabilities and families with diverse characteristics is needed to support the generality of these findings.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Kashinath, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, RRC 107, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM skashina@fsu.edu
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NR 59
TC 40
Z9 40
PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA
SN 1092-4388
J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R
JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 49
IS 3
BP 466
EP 485
DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/036)
PG 20
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 056IG
UT WOS:000238515100001
PM 16787891
ER

PT J
AU Arent, SM
   Schmitz, S
AF Arent, SM
   Schmitz, S
TI Exercise as a means to reduce stereotypic behaviors among children and
   adolescents with autism
SO JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA
SN 0895-2779
J9 J SPORT EXERCISE PSY
JI J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 28
SU S
BP S27
EP S27
PG 1
WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology;
   Sport Sciences
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences
GA 050ZV
UT WOS:000238130900050
ER

PT J
AU Ronald, A
   Happe, F
   Bolton, P
   Butcher, LM
   Price, TS
   Wheelwright, S
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Plomin, R
AF Ronald, Angelica
   Happe, Francesca
   Bolton, Patrick
   Butcher, Lee M.
   Price, Thomas S.
   Wheelwright, Sally
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
   Plomin, Robert
TI Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism
   spectrum: A twin study
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE twins; genetics; autism spectrum disorders
ID RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER;
   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; TRAITS; MULTIVARIATE; LANGUAGE
AB Objective: This study investigated the etiology of autistic-like traits in the general population and the etiological overlap between the three aspects of the triad of impairments (social impairments, communication impairments, restricted repetitive behaviors and interests) that together define autism spectrum disorders. Method: Parents of 3,400 8-year-old twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study completed the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test, a screening instrument for autism spectrum symptoms in mainstream samples. Genetic model-fitting of categorical and continuous data is reported. Results: High heritability was found for extreme autistic-like traits (0.64-0.92 for various cutoffs) and autistic-like traits as measured on a continuum (0.78-0.81), with no significant shared environmental influences. All three subscales were highly heritable but showed low covariation. In the genetic modeling, distinct genetic influences were identified for the three components. Conclusions: These results suggest the triad of impairments that define autism spectrum disorders is heterogeneous genetically. Molecular genetic research examining the three components separately may identify different causal pathways for the three components. The analyses give no indication that different genetic processes affect extreme autistic impairments and autistic impairments as measured on a continuum, but this can only be directly tested once genes are identified.
C1 Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
   Univ Penn, Sch Med, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England.
RP Ronald, A (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM a.ronald@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Butcher, Lee/C-1540-2008; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Ronald,
   Angelica/C-7812-2009; Plomin, Robert/B-8911-2008; Price,
   Thomas/B-7372-2008; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010
OI Ronald, Angelica/0000-0002-9576-2176; Price, Thomas/0000-0001-7356-2109;
   Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262
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NR 30
TC 205
Z9 209
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 6
BP 691
EP 699
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000215325.13058.9d
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 046CE
UT WOS:000237788200010
PM 16721319
ER

PT J
AU Dell, ML
AF Dell, ML
TI Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Diagnosis,
   development, neurobiology, and behavior, 3rd edition, vol 1-2.
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Dell, ML (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
CR VOLKMAR FR, 2005, HANDBOOK AUTISM PERV, V2
   VOLKMAR FR, 2005, HANDBOOK AUTISM PERV, V1
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 6
BP 759
EP 761
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000228313.45159.0a
PG 3
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 046CE
UT WOS:000237788200020
ER

PT J
AU Seckington, C
AF Seckington, C
TI Autism spectrum disorders and visual impairment. Meeting students
   learning needs.
SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Maryland Sch Blind, Expanded Acad Program, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA.
RP Seckington, C (reprint author), Maryland Sch Blind, Expanded Acad Program, 3501 Taylor Ave, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA.
EM csecki@pco.edu
CR Gense M. H., 2005, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND
PI NEW YORK
PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 11 PENN PLAZA SUITE 300, NEW YORK, NY
   10001 USA
SN 0145-482X
J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN
JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 100
IS 6
BP 377
EP 378
PG 2
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 056HW
UT WOS:000238514000008
ER

PT J
AU Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
AF Geier, DA
   Geier, MR
TI An assessment of downward trends in neurodevelopmental disorders in the
   United States following removal of thimerosal from childhood vaccines
SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorder; merthiolate; Thimerasol; Thiomersal
ID EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION;
   ADVERSE EVENTS; UP ANALYSIS; CELL-DEATH; AUTISM; PREVALENCE; MERCURY;
   POPULATION
AB Background: The US is in the midst of an epidemic of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). Thimerosal is an ethylmercury-containing compound added to some childhood vaccines. Several previous epidemiological studies conducted in the US have associated Thimerosal-containing vaccine (TCV) administration with NDs.
   Material/Methods: An ecological study was undertaken to evaluate NDs reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1991 through 2004 by date of receipt and by date of vaccine administration. The NDs examined included autism, mental retardation, and speech disorders. Statistical trend analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of removal of Thimerosal on the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS.
   Results: There was a peak in the proportion of ND reports received by VAERS in 2001-2002 and in the proportion of ND reports by date of vaccine administration in 1998. There were significant reductions in the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS as Thimerosal was begun to be removed from childhood vaccines in the US from mid-1999 onwards.
   Conclusions: The present study provides the first epidemiological evidence showing that as Thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines, the number of NDs has decreased in the US. The analysis techniques utilized attempted to minimize chance or bias/confounding. Additional research should be conducted to further evaluate the relationship between TCVs and NDs. This is especially true because the handling of vaccine safety data from the National Immunization Program of the CDC has been called into question by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 2005.
C1 Genet Ctr Amer, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
   George Washington Univ, Dept Biochem, Washington, DC USA.
RP Geier, MR (reprint author), Genet Ctr Amer, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA.
EM mgeier@comcast.net
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NR 56
TC 13
Z9 15
PU INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC
PI ALBERTSON
PA 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA
SN 1234-1010
J9 MED SCI MONITOR
JI Med. Sci. Monitor
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 6
BP CR231
EP CR239
PG 9
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 056RE
UT WOS:000238542000005
PM 16733480
ER

PT J
AU Sugden, C
AF Sugden, C.
TI One-carbon metabolism in psychiatric illness
SO NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE methylation; epigenetics; psychiatric illness; autism; one-carbon
   metabolism; S-adenosylmethionine
ID CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SERUM CREATINE-PHOSPHOKINASE;
   PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE
   LEVELS; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE;
   FOLIC-ACID; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION;
   SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS
AB The cost of psychiatric illness to the UK economy was recently estimated at 77 pound billion annually. Despite years of research no firm aetiological explanation exists, and with no physiological or biochemical markers diagnosis is made entirely on a behavioural basis. All current pharmacological therapies are associated with serious long-term side effects. Substantial evidence supports the involvement of one-carbon cycle dysregulation in psychiatric illness, but this is not currently used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. The present paper reviews the evidence for one-carbon cycle dysregulation in schizophrenic, bipolar, depressed and autistic patients. Also presented are novel findings from the field of epigenetics, which demonstrate how the one-carbon cycle-derived methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine influences the expression of key genes in the brain affecting memory, learning, cognition and behaviour, genes whose expression is reduced to varying degrees in these patient groups. Clinical evidence that nutritional supplements can rectify one-carbon cycle activity, and restore normal gene expression, suggests a novel approach to the development of biochemical tests and simple, non-harmful treatments for some psychiatric patients. Conversely, evidence from animal studies highlights the dangers of exposing the unborn fetus to very high dietary levels of folic acid, a one-carbon cycle cofactor. Fetal adaptations to a high-folate environment may interfere with folate metabolism postnatally, with serious consequences for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The public health implications of these diverse scenarios indicate an urgent need for further research in this field.
C1 Univ Surrey, Ctr Nutr & Food Safety, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
RP Sugden, C (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Ctr Nutr & Food Safety, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
EM csugden@mscnm.wanadoo.co.uk
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NR 143
TC 38
Z9 39
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-4224
J9 NUTR RES REV
JI Nutr. Res. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 1
BP 117
EP 136
DI 10.1079/NRR2006119
PG 20
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 067EE
UT WOS:000239283700010
PM 19079880
ER

PT J
AU Singh, VK
   Hanson, J
AF Singh, VK
   Hanson, J
TI Assessment of metallothionein and antibodies to metallothionein in
   normal and autistic children having exposure to vaccine-derived
   thimerosal
SO PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; metallothionein; autoimmunity; mercury; thimerosal;
   immunotoxicity
ID MERCURY; AUTOIMMUNITY; INDUCTION; CADMIUM; CHLORIDE; PROTEIN; RATS; MICE
AB Allergic autoimmune reaction after exposure to heavy metals such as mercury may play a causal role in autism, a developmental disorder of the central nervous system. As metallothionein (MT) is the primary metal-detoxifying protein in the body, we conducted a study of the MT protein and antibodies to metallothionein (anti-MT) in normal and autistic children whose exposure to mercury was only from thimerosal-containing vaccines. Laboratory analysis by immunoassays revealed that the serum level of MT did not significantly differ between normal and autistic children. Furthermore, autistic children harboured normal levels of anti-MT, including antibodies to isoform MT-I (anti-MT-I) and MT-II (anti-MT-II), without any significant difference between normal and autistic children. Our findings indicate that because autistic children have a normal profile of MT and anti-MT, the mercury-induced autoimmunity to MT may not be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism.
C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Singh, VK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM singhvk@cc.usu.edu
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NR 27
TC 17
Z9 17
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0905-6157
J9 PEDIATR ALLERGY IMMU
JI Pediatr. Allergy Immunol.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 4
BP 291
EP 296
DI 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00348.x
PG 6
WC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics
SC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics
GA 050CG
UT WOS:000238064500008
PM 16771783
ER

PT J
AU Blanchard, LT
   Gurka, MJ
   Blackman, JA
AF Blanchard, LT
   Gurka, MJ
   Blackman, JA
TI Emotional, developmental, and behavioral health of American children and
   their families: A report from the 2003 National Survey of Children's
   Health
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE development; behavior; emotional status; Survey of Children's Health
ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EATING-DISORDERS; PARENTS
   CONCERNS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; CARE NEEDS; PREVALENCE; AUTISM; DISABILITIES;
   ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION
AB BACKGROUND. Recent children's health surveys have documented a high prevalence of emotional, developmental, and behavioral problems among children. Data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health provide new insights into these problems and their association with family function and community participation. These issues have become a current focus of the World Health Organization.
   METHODS. Answers to questions of interest from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health were reported using estimates and SEs of rates. Statistical comparisons of rates with chi(2) tests at the 0.05 level were made when relevant.
   RESULTS. The most commonly diagnosed problems among children 6 - 17 years of age were learning disabilities (11.5%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (8.8%), and behavioral problems (6.3%); among preschoolers, speech problems (5.8%) and developmental delay (3.2%) were most common. One in 200 children was diagnosed with autism. In contrast, rates of parental concerns about emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems were much higher; for example, 41% of parents had concerns about learning difficulties and 36% about depression or anxiety. Children with developmental problems had lower self-esteem, more depression and anxiety, more problems with learning, missed more school, and were less involved in sports and other community activities. Their families experienced more difficulty in the areas of childcare, employment, parent-child relationships, and caregiver burden.
   CONCLUSIONS. The most recent National Survey of Children's Health mirrored results of previous surveys regarding rates of diagnosed emotional, developmental, and behavioral problems, including an escalating diagnosis of autism among children. Reported rates of parental concerns about these problems were much higher, suggesting possible underdiagnosis of children's problems. Children with chronic problems had diminished family functioning, more school absences, and less participation in community activities compared with other children. Their parents experienced more difficulty with childcare, employment, and parenting skills. A change in treatment emphasis is needed, away from an exclusive focus on a child's developmental and behavioral problems to one that addresses the impacts of these problems on the family and community participation. A new approach to the way these issues are addressed and managed has the potential to enhance the quality of life for a child, as well as the parents, and to produce more meaningful and tangible solutions to these complex and increasingly evident problems.
C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   Univ Virginia, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Blackman, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Childrens Hosp, Kluge Childrens Rehabil Ctr, 2270 Ivy Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
EM jab5u@virginia.edu
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TC 64
Z9 65
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 117
IS 6
BP E1202
EP E1212
DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2606
PG 11
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 048XE
UT WOS:000237979000102
PM 16740820
ER

PT J
AU Mindell, JA
   Emslie, G
   Blumer, J
   Genel, M
   Glaze, D
   Ivanenko, A
   Johnson, K
   Rosen, C
   Steinberg, F
   Roth, T
   Banas, B
AF Mindell, JA
   Emslie, G
   Blumer, J
   Genel, M
   Glaze, D
   Ivanenko, A
   Johnson, K
   Rosen, C
   Steinberg, F
   Roth, T
   Banas, B
TI Pharmacologic management of insomnia in children and adolescents:
   Consensus statement
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Pharmacological Management of Insomnia in Children and
   Adolescents
CY NOV 01-02, 2004
CL Baltimore, MD
DE insomnia; clinical trials; pediatric; pharmacotherapy; sleep disorders
ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
   DISORDER; SLEEP DISTURBANCES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SCHOOL-CHILDREN;
   CANCER-PATIENTS; ADHD; FIBROMYALGIA; FLUOXETINE; CHILDHOOD
AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to develop a consensus statement on the current status and future role for pharmacologic management of insomnia in children and adolescents.
   METHOD. The National Sleep Foundation, in collaboration with Best Practice Project Management, Inc, convened expert representatives involved in the study and treatment of pediatric insomnia and conducted a 2-day conference to examine the role of pharmacologic management of pediatric insomnia and to make recommendations regarding the development of clinical trials in this area. After a series of presentations providing background on the current knowledge of pediatric insomnia and its treatment alternatives, workgroups provided recommendations for the evaluation of pharmacologic treatment of insomnia in specific populations of children and adolescents and developed guidelines for the core methodologic issues relevant to the design of clinical trials. The group developed consensus recommendations for clinical trials in this area encompassing: (1) high-priority patient populations for research, (2) inclusion/exclusion criteria, (3) outcome measures, (4) ethical considerations unique to clinical trials involving children and adolescents, and (5) priorities for future research that will enhance the understanding of pediatric insomnia.
   RESULTS. Conference participants unanimously agreed that there is a need for pharmacologic management of pediatric insomnia. Furthermore, the widespread use of "hypnotic" and psychotropic medications for children in the absence of safety and efficacy data indicates a knowledge gap about the best pharmacologic practices for management of pediatric insomnia. Attendees reached consensus on methodologic issues in the study of pharmacologic treatment of pediatric insomnia including agreeing on a definition of pediatric insomnia as "repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite age-appropriate time and opportunity for sleep and results in daytime functional impairment for the child and/or family." It was agreed that priority should be given to insomnia studies in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and those with pervasive developmental disorders/autism spectrum disorder. There was also agreement on the need for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies to determine appropriate dose levels and to evaluate safety with a wide range of doses.
   CONCLUSIONS. The treatment of pediatric insomnia is an unmet medical need. Before appropriate pharmacologic management guidelines can be developed, rigorous, large-scale clinical trials of pediatric insomnia treatment are vitally needed to provide information to the clinician on the safety and efficacy of prescription and over-the-counter agents for the management of pediatric insomnia.
C1 St Josephs Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sleep Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA.
   Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX USA.
   Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Child Hlth Res Ctr, New Haven, CT USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL USA.
   Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Chicago, IL USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Portland, OR USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR USA.
   Med Consultant, Evanston, IL USA.
   Henry Ford Hosp, Sleep Disorders & Res Ctr, Detroit, MI USA.
RP Mindell, JA (reprint author), St Josephs Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA.
EM jmindell@sju.edu
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NR 54
TC 67
Z9 69
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 117
IS 6
BP E1223
EP E1232
DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1693
PG 10
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 048XE
UT WOS:000237979000104
PM 16740821
ER

PT J
AU Whiteley, P
   Waring, R
   Williams, L
   Klovrza, L
   Nolan, F
   Smith, S
   Farrow, M
   Dodou, K
   Lough, WJ
   Shattock, P
AF Whiteley, P
   Waring, R
   Williams, L
   Klovrza, L
   Nolan, F
   Smith, S
   Farrow, M
   Dodou, K
   Lough, WJ
   Shattock, P
TI Spot urinary creatinine excretion in pervasive developmental disorders
SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE adenosine triphosphate; autism; body mass index; creatinine; pervasive
   developmental disorder; renal function; urine
ID ESTIMATE QUANTITATIVE PROTEINURIA; BODY-MASS INDEX; SERUM CREATININE;
   AUTISM; SAMPLES; 3-METHYLHISTIDINE; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; METABOLISM;
   EXPOSURE
AB Excretion of creatinine in urine represents the end-point of endogenous energy transfer from stored adenosine triphosphate in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Measurement of urinary creatinine is commonly used to correct for total urine concentration. Various quantitative measures of compounds suspected to be either pathological to, or indicative of, possible therapeutic interventions for Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) have relied extensively on spot creatinine as a ratio quantity, although this important metabolite has not been exclusively studied within this population.
   Levels of urinary creatinine in spot urine samples were analyzed for a group of children diagnosed with PDD (n = 24; median age, 75 months; range, 39-137 months) and a control group (n = 50; median age, 109 months; range, 59-140 months). Diagnosis of PDD was confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Samples were collected and analyzed blind for creatinine content using an improved Jaffe's reaction method.
   Controlling for sample pH and body mass index, a significant decrease in urinary creatinine concentration was found in the PDD group compared to controls using a Mann-Whitney two-tailed ranks test (P = 0.001).
   Further studies of protein catabolism and renal function in autism are required to ascertain the relevance of decreased spot urinary creatinine excretion identified in this preliminary study. Issues regarding the use of single urine creatinine measurements and associated confounding variables are discussed in light of the findings, together with recommendations to use other internal or external standards for the quantification of urinary compounds in PDD research.
C1 Univ Sunderland, Sch Hlth Nat & Social Sci, Autism Res Unit, Sunderland SR1 3SD, Durham, England.
RP Whiteley, P (reprint author), Univ Sunderland, Sch Hlth Nat & Social Sci, Autism Res Unit, Sunderland SR1 3SD, Durham, England.
EM paul.whiteley@sunderland.ac.uk
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NR 29
TC 13
Z9 14
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1328-8067
J9 PEDIATR INT
JI Pediatr. Int.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 3
BP 292
EP 297
DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02207.x
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 043JO
UT WOS:000237597500011
PM 16732798
ER

PT J
AU Mutter, B
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   Welsh, M
AF Mutter, Brigitte
   Alcorn, Mark B.
   Welsh, Marilyn
TI Theory of mind and executive function: Working-memory capacity and
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SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; FUNCTION DEFICITS; CHILDRENS THEORY;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; PERSPECTIVE; COMPLEXITY; DECEPTION; RESOURCES;
   CHILDHOOD
AB This study of the relationship between theory of mind and executive function examined whether on the false-belief task age differences between 3 and 5 years of age are related to development of working-memory capacity and inhibitory processes. 72 children completed tasks measuring false belief, working memory, and inhibition. Significant age effects were observed for false-belief and working-memory performance, as well as for the false-alarm and perseveration measures of inhibition. A simultaneous multiple linear regression specified the contribution of age, inhibition, and working memory to the prediction of false-belief performance. This model was significant, explaining a total of 36% of the variance. To examine the independent contributions of the working-memory and inhibition variables, after controlling for age, two hierarchical multiple linear regressions were conducted. These multiple regression analyses indicate that working memory and inhibition make small, overlapping contributions to false-belief performance after accounting for age, but that working memory, as measured in this study, is a somewhat better predictor of false-belief understanding than is inhibition.
C1 Univ No Colorado, Sch Psychol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA.
RP Alcorn, MB (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Sch Psychol Sci, McKee Hall, Greeley, CO 80639 USA.
EM mark.alcorn@unco.edu
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NR 54
TC 10
Z9 10
PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS
PI MISSOULA
PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA
SN 0031-5125
J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL
JI Percept. Mot. Skills
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 102
IS 3
BP 819
EP 835
DI 10.2466/PMS.102.3.819-835
PG 17
WC Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 071BZ
UT WOS:000239573700021
PM 16916162
ER

PT J
AU Nakahachi, T
   Iwase, M
   Takahashi, H
   Honaga, E
   Sekiyama, R
   Ukai, S
   Ishii, R
   Ishigami, W
   Kajimoto, O
   Yamashita, K
   Hashimoto, R
   Tanii, H
   Shimizu, A
   Takeda, M
AF Nakahachi, T
   Iwase, M
   Takahashi, H
   Honaga, E
   Sekiyama, R
   Ukai, S
   Ishii, R
   Ishigami, W
   Kajimoto, O
   Yamashita, K
   Hashimoto, R
   Tanii, H
   Shimizu, A
   Takeda, M
TI Discrepancy of performance among working memory-related tasks in autism
   spectrum disorders was caused by task characteristics, apart from
   working memory, which could interfere with task execution
SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorders; digit span; digit symbol; vagueness; working
   memory
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CARD SORTING TEST; IMPAIRED MEMORY;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DYSFUNCTION; ATTENTION; SYMPTOMS;
   VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR
AB Working memory performance has been inconsistently reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Several studies in ASD have found normal performance in digit span and poor performance in digit symbol task although these are closely related with working memory. It is assumed that poor performance in digit symbol could be explained by confirmatory behavior, which is induced due to the vague memory representation of number-symbol association. Therefore it was hypothesized that the performance of working memory task, in which vagueness did not cause confirmatory behavior, would be normal in ASD. For this purpose, the Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT) was used. The performance of digit span, digit symbol and ATMT was compared between ASD and normal control. The digit span, digit symbol and ATMT was given to 16 ASD subjects and 28 IQ-, age- and sex-matched control subjects. The scores of these tasks were compared. A significantly lower score for ASD was found only in digit symbol compared with control subjects. There were no significant difference in digit span and working memory estimated by ATMT. Discrepancy of scores among working memory-related tasks was demonstrated in ASD. Poor digit symbol performance, normal digit span and normal working memory in ATMT implied that ASD subjects would be intact in working memory itself, and that superficial working memory dysfunction might be observed due to confirmatory behavior in digit symbol. Therefore, to evaluate working memory in ASD, tasks that could stimulate psychopathology specific to ASD should be avoided.
C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
   Osaka Second Police Hosp, Osaka, Japan.
   Osakafu Eiseikai Clin, Osaka, Japan.
   Osaka Univ Foreign Studies, Osaka, Japan.
   Yamamoto Clin, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
   Mie Univ, Dept Psychiat, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
   Natl Inst Neurosci, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Nakahachi, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
EM nakaha@psy.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
RI Ishii, Ryouhei/A-9929-2008
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 40
TC 15
Z9 15
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1323-1316
J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS
JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 3
BP 312
EP 318
DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01507.x
PG 7
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 042GB
UT WOS:000237514800008
PM 16732747
ER

PT J
AU Kurita, H
   Koyama, T
AF Kurita, H
   Koyama, T
TI Autism-Spectrum Quotient Japanese version measures mental health
   problems other than autistic traits
SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism Spectrum Quotient Japanese version (AQ-J); GHQ-12; mental health;
   pervasive developmental disorders (PDD); questionnaire
ID QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; AQ
AB The purpose of the present paper was to examine the extent to which the Autism Spectrum Quotient Japanese version (AQ-J) measures mental health problems other than autistic traits, with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire Japanese version (GHQ-12) as a criterion. A questionnaire involving AQ-J and GHQ-12 was sent to 2000 adults aged 20-39 randomly selected from the general population, and intact data were obtained from 215 (mean age, 30.4 years; 86 male). The AQ-J score was significantly associated with the GHQ-12 score (r = 0.518) and was significantly higher in 111 scoring >= 4 on the GHQ-12 (mean = 24.8 +/- 6.5) than in 104 scoring < 4 (mean = 19.4 +/- 5.5). At a cut-off 22, the AQ-J had modest sensitivity (0.64) and specificity (0.66) for predicting mental health problems. The 21-item mental health AQ-J (AQJ-21MH; range, 0-21; cut-off, 9; sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.76), items of which had a significant odds ratio (OR) for GHQ-12 >= 4, and the AQ-J-4MH (range, 0-4; cut-off, 2; sensitivity, 0.68; specificity, 0.74) consisting of four items with a significant OR adjusted for collinearity selected from the 21 items by multiple logistic regression, were more efficient than the AQ-J. Because the AQ-J and its short forms measure mental health problems other than autistic traits, it is important to consider such problems in interpreting AQ-J scores to identify persons who may need professional help when screening normally intelligent adolescents and adults with pervasive developmental disorders.
C1 Zenkoku Ryoiku Sodan Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620051, Japan.
   Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Kurita, H (reprint author), Zenkoku Ryoiku Sodan Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, 2-2-8 Nishiwaseda, Tokyo 1620051, Japan.
EM hkurita@mvf.biglobe.ne.jp
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NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1323-1316
J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS
JI Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 3
BP 373
EP 378
DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01516.x
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 042GB
UT WOS:000237514800017
PM 16732756
ER

PT J
AU Palmen, SJMC
   Durston, S
   Nederveen, H
   van Engeland, H
AF Palmen, Saskia J. M. C.
   Durston, Sarah
   Nederveen, Hilde
   van Engeland, Herman
TI No evidence for preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe
   structures in high-functioning autism
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MRI VOLUMES;
   AMYGDALA; BRAIN; NEUROANATOMY; CHILDREN; NAIVE; AREA
AB Background. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with slight increases in brain volume. There has been some suggestion that medial temporal lobe structures may be preferentially involved in this disorder, although results have not always been consistent. Here, we investigate amygdala and hippocampus volumes in medication-naive subjects with high-functioning autism.
   Method. Whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 42 patients and 42 closely matched, healthy control subjects.
   Results. Amygdala volume did not differ significantly between patients and controls. A significant increase in hippocampal volume was proportional to an increase in overall brain volume.
   Conclusions. These results argue against preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures in autism, at least in high-functioning medication-naive individuals.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Palmen, SJMC (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, HP A01 468, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM spalmen@gmail.com
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NR 45
TC 29
Z9 29
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0033-2917
J9 PSYCHOL MED
JI Psychol. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 827
EP 834
DI 10.1017/S0033291706007215
PG 8
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 052NC
UT WOS:000238239400010
PM 16512972
ER

PT J
AU Ashwin, C
   Wheelwright, S
   Baron-Cohen, S
AF Ashwin, C
   Wheelwright, S
   Baron-Cohen, S
TI Attention bias to faces in Asperger Syndrome: a pictorial emotion Stroop
   study
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECONSCIOUS SELECTIVE ATTENTION; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDREN; ANXIETY;
   STIMULI; THREAT; RECOGNITION; DISORDERS; QUOTIENT; ADULTS
AB Background. Emotional Stroop tasks have shown attention biases of clinical populations towards stimuli related to their condition. Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a neuropsychiatric condition with social and communication deficits, repetitive behaviours and narrow interests. Social deficits are particularly striking, including difficulties in understanding others.
   Method. We investigated colour-naming latencies of adults with and without AS to name colours of pictures containing angry facial expressions, neutral expressions or non-social objects. We tested three hypotheses: whether (1) controls show longer colour-naming latencies for angry versus neutral facial expressions with male actors, (2) people with AS show differential latencies across picture types, and (3) differential response latencies persist when photographs contain females.
   Results. Controls had longer latencies to pictures of male faces with angry compared to neutral expressions. The AS group did not show longer latencies to angry versus neutral expressions in male faces, instead showing slower latencies to pictures containing any facial expression compared to objects. When pictures contained females, controls no longer showed longer latencies for angry versus neutral expressions. However, the AS group still showed longer latencies to all facial picture types, compared to objects, providing further evidence that faces produce interference effects for this clinical group.
   Conclusions. The pictorial emotional Stroop paradigm reveals normal attention biases towards threatening emotional faces. The AS group showed Stroop interference effects to all facial stimuli regardless of expression or sex, suggesting that faces cause disproportionate interference in AS.
C1 Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
RP Ashwin, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Douglas House,18b Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM ca235@cam.ac.uk
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NR 43
TC 30
Z9 30
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0033-2917
J9 PSYCHOL MED
JI Psychol. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 6
BP 835
EP 843
DI 10.1017/S0033291706007203
PG 9
WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 052NC
UT WOS:000238239400011
PM 16512970
ER

PT J
AU Bayliss, AP
   Tipper, SP
AF Bayliss, AP
   Tipper, SP
TI Predictive gaze cues and personality judgments - Should eye trust you?
SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; AUTISM-SPECTRUM; PERCEPTION; DIRECTION; FACE; CONTEXT;
   MEMORY; SHIFTS
AB Although following another person's gaze is essential in fluent social interactions, the reflexive nature of this gaze-cuing effect means that gaze can be used to deceive. In a gaze-cuing procedure, participants were presented with several faces that looked to the left or right. Some faces always looked to the target (predictive-valid), some never looked to the target (predictive-invalid), and others looked toward and away from the target in equal proportions (nonpredictive). The standard gaze-cuing effects appeared to be unaffected by these contingencies. Nevertheless, participants tended to choose the predictive-valid faces as appearing more trustworthy than the predictive-invalid faces. This effect was negatively related to scores on a scale assessing autistic-like traits. Further, we present tentative evidence that the "deceptive" faces were encoded more strongly in memory than the "cooperative" faces. These data demonstrate the important interactions among attention, gaze perception, facial identity recognition, and personality judgments.
C1 Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales.
RP Bayliss, AP (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Psychol, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Brigantia Bldg,Penrallt Rd, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales.
EM a.bayliss@bangor.ac.uk
RI Tipper, Steven/I-6884-2012
OI Tipper, Steven/0000-0002-1554-0531
CR Argyle Michael, 1976, GAZE AND MUTUAL GAZE
   Baron-Cohen S., 2000, NEW COGNITIVE NEUROS, P1249
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NR 28
TC 59
Z9 60
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0956-7976
J9 PSYCHOL SCI
JI Psychol. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 17
IS 6
BP 514
EP 520
DI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01737.x
PG 7
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 050CC
UT WOS:000238064100011
PM 16771802
ER

PT J
AU [Anonymous]
AF [Anonymous]
TI Feedback help for people with autism
SO PSYCHOLOGIST
LA English
DT News Item
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LEICESTER
PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND
SN 0952-8229
J9 PSYCHOLOGIST
JI Psychologist
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 19
IS 6
BP 335
EP 335
PG 1
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 051GZ
UT WOS:000238150900005
ER

PT J
AU Cosden, M
   Koegel, LK
   Koegel, RL
   Greenwell, A
   Klein, E
AF Cosden, Merith
   Koegel, Lynn Kern
   Koegel, Robert L.
   Greenwell, Ashley
   Klein, Eileen
TI Strength-based assessment for children with autism spectrum disorders
SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY; SELF-DETERMINATION;
   DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT;
   INTERVENTION; SUPPORTS; STUDENTS; INDIVIDUALS
AB Despite improvements in interventions for children with autism, assessments tend to focus on their social, cognitive, and behavioral deficits, without similar systematic examination of their strengths. Strength-based assessment (SBA), which has been used in work with children with milder behavioral disorders, may also have value for individuals who have autism. Although not supplanting usual assessment procedures, SBA provides a method for identifying personal, familial, and broader contextual strengths. Research outside the area of autism has found that SBA can be a useful addition to assessment protocols because it provides specific information on assets that can be incorporated into interventions. Further, SBA has the potential to affect the attitudes and beliefs of parents and educators involved in the assessment, creating greater hope about the ability of the child to function well and contributing to a stronger bond between the assessor, the child, and their family. This article describes ways in which SBA can be added to typical assessment protocols for children with autism. Examples are provided on how to identify and utilize strengths that can be used for planning interventions and for building more effective working relationships between clinicians and children with autism and their families. Areas for future research are also discussed.
C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Gervitz Grad Sch Educ, Sch Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Cosden, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Gervitz Grad Sch Educ, Sch Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM cosden@education.ucsb.edu
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NR 72
TC 9
Z9 9
PU TASH
PI BALTIMORE
PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE, STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA
SN 0274-9483
J9 RES PRACT PERS SEV D
JI Res. Pract. Pers. Sev. Disabil.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 2
BP 134
EP 143
PG 10
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 075UH
UT WOS:000239910200006
ER

PT J
AU Cosbey, JE
   Johnston, S
AF Cosbey, Joanna Evans
   Johnston, Susan
TI Using a single-switch voice output communication aid to increase social
   access for children with severe disabilities in inclusive classrooms
SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROFOUND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS;
   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; STUDENTS; AUTISM; SKILLS; PLAY; INTERVENTIONS;
   INITIATIONS
AB Three young children with severe, multiple disabilities were taught to utilize a voice output communication aid (VOCA) to request access to preferred items and/or peers during play activities. Acquisition of VOCA use resulted from a naturalistic intervention strategy that consisted of creating communication opportunities, prompting the participant to engage in the target behavior via a full physical prompt, and facilitating access to natural consequences for appropriate participant responses. Intervention occurred in the context of naturally occurring free-choice activities in inclusive classrooms. Results showed that the intervention strategy was effective in teaching all three participants to use a VOCA to request access to items and/or peers. The peers generally responded to the participants with either positive or neutral responses. Survey data on the acceptability of the intervention to classroom staff are also discussed.
C1 Univ Utah, Dept Special Educ, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Cosbey, JE (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Special Educ, 1705 Campus Ctr Dr,Room 221, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM Susan.Johnston@ed.utah.edu
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NR 40
TC 8
Z9 8
PU TASH
PI BALTIMORE
PA 29 W SUSQUEHANNA AVE, STE 210, BALTIMORE, MD 21204-5201 USA
SN 0274-9483
J9 RES PRACT PERS SEV D
JI Res. Pract. Pers. Sev. Disabil.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 31
IS 2
BP 144
EP 156
PG 13
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 075UH
UT WOS:000239910200007
ER

PT J
AU van Rijn, S
   Swaab, H
   Aleman, A
   Kahn, RS
AF van Rijn, S
   Swaab, H
   Aleman, A
   Kahn, RS
TI X Chromosomal effects on social cognitive processing and emotion
   regulation: A study with Klinefelter men (47,XXY)
SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Klinefelter; X chromosome; emotion; social cognition; schizophrenia;
   autism
ID VORST ALEXITHYMIA QUESTIONNAIRE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; TURNER-SYNDROME;
   NEURAL BASIS; DECISION-MAKING; ULTIMATUM GAME; FRAGILE-X; BRAIN;
   SCHIZOPHRENIA; AMYGDALA
AB Studying Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), a genetically defined disorder characterized by the presence of an additional X chromosome, can reveal insights into genotype-phenotype associations. Increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders characterized by difficulties in social interactions, such as schizophrenia and autism, has been reported for this population. The reported social difficulties in 47,XXY men may arise as a consequence of impairments in the processing of social and emotional information. The present study is the first investigation of social-emotional information processing in this X chromosomal disorder.
   32 Klinefelter men and 26 men from the general population, with the groups matched for age, educational level and I.Q., participated in the study. Several tasks were included, reflecting aspects of social-emotional information processing on levels of perception, experience and expression: labeling of facial expressions of emotion, emotion-cognition interactions in decision making and emotion regulation, that refers to subjective experience and identification of emotional arousal as well as verbal expression of emotions.
   A discrepancy between cognitive appraisal of emotions and emotional arousal was observed in Klinefelter syndrome. Taken together, Klinefelter men seem less accurate in perception of socio-emotional cues such as angry facial expressions, they are less able to identify and verbalize their emotions, but experience increased levels of emotional arousal, in comparison to the general population. Besides describing the social-emotional phenotype of this X chromosomal disorder, the present data may prove to be an important contribution to the development of more general models describing pathways to neuropsychiattic disorders characterized by social cognitive disturbances. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Utrecht, Helmholtz Inst, Dept Expt Psychol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Leiden Univ, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, NL-2333 AK Leiden, Netherlands.
   Univ Groningen, BCN Neuroimaging Ctr, NL-9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands.
RP van Rijn, S (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Helmholtz Inst, Dept Expt Psychol, POB 80125,Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM s.vanrijn@fss.uu.nl
RI Aleman, Andre/E-1341-2012
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NR 56
TC 40
Z9 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-9964
J9 SCHIZOPHR RES
JI Schizophr. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 84
IS 2-3
BP 194
EP 203
DI 10.1016/j.schres.2006.02.020
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 051KR
UT WOS:000238160500002
PM 16603340
ER

PT J
AU Golan, O
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Hill, JJ
   Golan, Y
AF Golan, Ofer
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
   Hill, Jacqueline J.
   Golan, Yael
TI The "Reading the Mind in Films" Task: Complex emotion recognition in
   adults with and without autism spectrum conditions
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; FUSIFORM FACE AREA;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; SOCIAL
   COGNITION; EMPATHY QUOTIENT; BRAIN; FMRI
AB Background: Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties recognizing mental states in others. Most research has focused on recognition of basic emotions from faces and voices separately. This study reports the results of a new task, assessing recognition of complex emotions and mental states from social scenes taken from feature films. The film format arguably is more challenging and ecologically closer to real social situations. Sample and method: A group of adults with ASC (n = 22) were compared to a group of matched controls from the general population (n = 22). Participants were tested individually. Results: Overall, individuals with ASC performed significantly lower than controls. There was a positive correlation between verbal IQ and task scores. Using task scores, more than 90% of the participants were correctly allocated to their group. Item analysis showed that the errors individuals with ASC make when judging socioemotional information are subtle. Conclusions: This new test of complex emotion and mental state recognition reveals that adults with ASC have residual difficulties in this aspect of empathy. The use of language-based compensatory strategies for emotion recognition is discussed.
C1 [Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Hill, Jacqueline J.; Golan, Yael] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Austim Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
RP Golan, O (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Austim Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM og2ll@cam.ac.uk
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NR 89
TC 50
Z9 50
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI-UK
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 2
BP 111
EP 123
DI 10.1080/17470910600980986
PG 13
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QW
UT WOS:000252245000004
PM 18633780
ER

PT J
AU Chapman, E
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Auyeung, B
   Knickmeyer, R
   Taylor, K
   Hackett, G
AF Chapman, Emma
   Baron-Cohen, Simon
   Auyeung, Bonnie
   Knickmeyer, Rebecca
   Taylor, Kevin
   Hackett, Gerald
TI Fetal testosterone and empathy: Evidence from the Empathy Quotient (EQ)
   and the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test
SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; CONGENITAL
   ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; HUMAN
   BRAIN; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; PRENATAL TESTOSTERONE; SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   SPATIAL ABILITY
AB Empathy involves an understanding of what others are thinking and feeling, and enables us to interact in the social world. According to the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theory, females on average have a stronger drive to empathize than males. This sex difference may in part reflect developmental differences in brain structure and function, which are themselves under the influence of fetal testosterone (fT) Previous studies have found that fT is inversely correlated with social behaviors such as eye contact in infancy, peer relationships in preschoolers, and mentalistic interpretation of animate motion. Male fetuses are exposed to higher levels of testosterone than are female fetuses. The present study investigates empathizing in children, as a function of amniotic measures of fT. One hundred ninety-three mothers of children (100 males, 93 females) aged 6-8 years of age completed children's versions of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C), and the children themselves were tested on "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Task (Eyes-C). All mothers had had amniocentesis during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. There was a significant negative correlation between fT and scores on both measures. While empathy may be influenced by post-natal experience, these results suggest that pre-natal biology also plays an important role, mediated by androgen effects in the brain. These results also have implications for the causes of disabilities involving empathy, such as autism spectrum conditions, and may explain the increased rate of such conditions among males.
C1 [Chapman, Emma; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Auyeung, Bonnie; Knickmeyer, Rebecca] Univ Cambridge, Austim Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
   [Knickmeyer, Rebecca] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   [Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald] Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge, England.
RP Chapman, E (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Austim Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England.
EM elc36@cam.ac.uk
RI Knickmeyer, Rebecca/G-8128-2014
OI Knickmeyer, Rebecca/0000-0001-7708-1388
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NR 76
TC 96
Z9 99
PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
PI HOVE
PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1747-0919
J9 SOC NEUROSCI
JI Soc. Neurosci.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 1
IS 2
BP 135
EP 148
DI 10.1080/17470910600992239
PG 14
WC Neurosciences; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 249QW
UT WOS:000252245000006
PM 18633782
ER

PT J
AU Wetherby, AM
   Woods, JJ
AF Wetherby, Amy M.
   Woods, Juliann J.
TI Early social interaction project for children with autism spectrum
   disorders beginning in the second year of life: A preliminary study
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION;
   EARLY IDENTIFICATION; JOINT ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE;
   REGRESSION; AGE; RELIABILITY
AB The Early Social Interaction (ESI) Project (Woods & Wetherby, 2003) was designed to apply the recommendations of the National Research Council (2001) to toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by using a parent-implemented intervention that (a) embeds naturalistic teaching strategies in everyday routines and (b) is compatible with the mandate of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004, Part C. This quasi-experimental study is a preliminary effort by the authors to evaluate the effects of ESI on the social communication outcomes for a group of 17 children with ASD who entered ESI at age 2 years. The results indicated significant improvement on 11 of 13 social communication measures. The researchers compared the ESI group with a contrast group of 18 children with ASD who entered early intervention at age 3 years. The contrast group's results were comparable to those of the ESI postintervention group on communicative means and play, but the contrast group as a whole demonstrated significantly poorer performance on all other social communication measures. These findings offer promise for the use of parent-implemented interventions in promoting social communication for toddlers with ASD.
C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Wetherby, AM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, RRC 017, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM awetherb@fsu.edu
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NR 63
TC 37
Z9 37
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 2
BP 67
EP 82
DI 10.1177/02711214060260020201
PG 16
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 079NK
UT WOS:000240183400001
ER

PT J
AU Hine, JF
   Wolery, M
AF Hine, Jeffrey F.
   Wolery, Mark
TI Using point-of-view video modeling to teach play to preschoolers with
   autism
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; PURCHASING SKILLS; SYMBOLIC PLAY; CHILDREN; SELF;
   REINFORCEMENT; ACQUISITION; DISORDER
AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of point-of-view video modeling in teaching selected toy-play skills to two preschoolers with autism. This type of modeling involved the experimenters carrying or holding the video camera at eye level v e child's perspective) and without recording models (persons]) to show environment as a child would see it when he or she was performing the targeted skills. The researchers used a multiple-probe design across two children and two behaviors to evaluate the effect of the point-of-view modeling on the children's acquisition and maintenance of play actions. They used generalization probes to assess the degree to which the participants used the new skills across novel toys and during classroom activities. The results indicated that point-of-view modeling was an effective tool for teaching toy-play actions to preschoolers with autism. The authors discuss the extension of current video modeling research and implications for home and school interventions.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
RP Hine, JF (reprint author), 27730 Lake Jem Rd, Mt Dora, FL 32757 USA.
EM jeffhine@hotmail.com
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NR 32
TC 54
Z9 54
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 2
BP 83
EP 93
DI 10.1177/02711214060260020301
PG 11
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 079NK
UT WOS:000240183400002
ER

PT J
AU Boulware, GL
   Schwartz, IS
   Sandall, SR
   McBride, BJ
AF Boulware, Gusty-Lee
   Schwartz, Ilene S.
   Sandall, Susan R.
   McBride, Bonnie J.
TI Project DATA for toddlers: yAn inclusive approach to very young children
   with autism spectrum disorder
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; DIAGNOSIS; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; SCHOOL
AB Because more children under the age of 3 years are being diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), early interventionists face the challenge of identifying B appropriate programs to meet the unique needs of very young children with ASD and their families. Project DATA (Developmentally Appropriate Treatment for Autism) for Toddlers is an inclusive early intervention program for children between I year and 3 years old who have been diagnosed with ASD and is based on an existing program for preschoolers with ASD at the University of Washington. Project DATA for Toddlers uses the effective preschool model and makes modifications to meet the unique developmental needs of toddlers. In this article, the authors describe the components of Project DATA for Toddlers and present preliminary findings, specifically, child outcome data from the areas of cognition, communication, self-regulation, functional skills, and elementary school placement. They also discuss the implications for early intervention service delivery programs.
C1 Univ Washington, Expt Educ Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Boulware, GL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Expt Educ Unit, Box 357925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM bouleware@u.washington.edu
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NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 2
BP 94
EP 105
DI 10.1177/02711214060260020401
PG 12
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 079NK
UT WOS:000240183400003
ER

PT J
AU Tsao, LL
   Odom, SL
AF Tsao, Ling-Ling
   Odom, Samuel L.
TI Sibling-mediated social interaction intervention for young children with
   autism
SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID JOINT ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR-MODIFICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; SKILLS;
   DISABILITIES; INITIATIONS; STRATEGY; PROGRAM; HOME
AB In the present study, the authors investigated the effectiveness of a sibling-mediated intervention in supporting the social behaviors of young children with autism. They l used a multiple-baseline design across four sibling dyads to examine the effectiveness of the intervention. The researchers taught the typically developing siblings ways to socially engage their brothers with autism, which resulted in strong and positive changes in joint attention and modest changes in social behavior for the latter. Social validity ratings by observers who were naive to the study parameters documented the social importance of the intervention effects for three of the four children; however, the results did not provide strong evidence for generalization of increased social interactions to different settings. The authors also discuss the practical implications of their findings.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Educ & Human Serv, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Tsao, LL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Educ & Human Serv, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA.
EM tsool@uwosh.edu
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NR 48
TC 25
Z9 25
PU PRO-ED INC
PI AUSTIN
PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA
SN 0271-1214
J9 TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC
JI Top. Early Child. Spec. Educ.
PD SUM
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 2
BP 106
EP 123
DI 10.1177/02711214060260020101
PG 18
WC Education, Special
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 079NK
UT WOS:000240183400004
ER

PT J
AU Behrmann, M
   Thomas, C
   Humphreys, K
AF Behrmann, Marlene
   Thomas, Cibu
   Humphreys, Kate
TI Seeing it differently: visual processing in autism
SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL
   DISORDERS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; EYE-GAZE;
   ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LOCAL PRECEDENCE; FACIAL IDENTITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN
AB Several recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies have documented an impairment in face processing in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It remains unknown, however, what underlying mechanism gives rise to this face processing difficulty. One theory suggests that the difficulty derives from a pervasive problem in social interaction and/or motivation. An alternative view proposes that the face-processing problem is not entirely social in nature and that a visual perceptual impairment might also contribute. The focus of this review is on this latter, perceptual perspective, documenting the psychological and neural alterations that might account for the face processing impairment. The available evidence suggests that perceptual alterations are present in ASD, independent of social function.
C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Neural Basis Cognit, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Behrmann, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM behrmann@cmu.edu
RI Thomas, Cibu/G-5669-2011
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NR 79
TC 146
Z9 149
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6613
J9 TRENDS COGN SCI
JI TRENDS COGN. SCI.
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 6
BP 258
EP 264
DI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 060UO
UT WOS:000238827300007
PM 16713326
ER

PT J
AU Burns, J
AF Burns, Jonathan
TI The social brain hypothesis of schizophrenia
SO WORLD PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Schizophrenia; social brain; autism; evolution; connectivity
ID SHARED MANIFOLD HYPOTHESIS; FACE RECOGNITION; MIRROR NEURONS; FACIAL
   AFFECT; NEGATIVE-SYMPTOMS; MIND; COGNITION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; DEFICIT;
   INTERSUBJECTIVITY
AB The social brain hypothesis is a useful heuristic for understanding schizophrenia. It focuses attention on the core Bleulerian concept of autistic alienation and is consistent with well-replicated findings of social brain dysfunction in schizophrenia, as well as contemporary theories of human cognitive and brain evolution. The contributions of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and Wittgenstein allow us to arrive at a new "philosophy of interpersonal relatedness", which better reflects the "embodied mind" and signifies the end of Cartesian dualistic thinking. In this paper I review the evolution, development and neurobiology of the social brain - the anatomical and functional substrate for adaptive social behaviour and cognition. Functional imaging identifies fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal cortical networks as comprising the social brain, while the discovery of "mirror neurons" provides an understanding of social cognition at a cellular level. Patients with schizophrenia display abnormalities in a wide range of social cognition tasks such as emotion recognition, theory of mind and affective responsiveness. Furthermore, recent research indicates that schizophrenia is a disorder of functional and structural connectivity of social brain networks. These findings lend support to the claim that schizophrenia represents a costly by-product of social brain evolution in Homo sapiens. Individuals with this disorder find themselves seriously disadvantaged in the social arena and vulnerable to the stresses of their complex social environments. This state of "disembodiment" and interpersonal alienation is the core phenomenon of schizophrenia and the root cause of intolerable suffering in the lives of those affected.
C1 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa.
RP Burns, J (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa.
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NR 75
TC 41
Z9 44
PU MASSON DIVISIONE PERIODICI
PI MILANO
PA VIA MUZIO ATTENDOLO DETTO SFORZA 7-9, 20141 MILANO, ITALY
SN 1723-8617
J9 WORLD PSYCHIATRY
JI World Psychiatry
PD JUN
PY 2006
VL 5
IS 2
BP 77
EP 81
PG 5
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 082UF
UT WOS:000240412000004
PM 16946939
ER

PT J
AU Guhathakurta, S
   Ghosh, S
   Sinha, S
   Chatterjee, A
   Ahmed, S
   Chowdhury, SR
   Gangopadhyay, PK
   Ghosh, S
   Singh, M
   Usha, R
AF Guhathakurta, Subhrangshu
   Ghosh, Sagarmoy
   Sinha, Swagata
   Chatterjee, Anindita
   Ahmed, Shabina
   Chowdhury, Susanta Roy
   Gangopadhyay, Prasanta Kumar
   Ghosh, Saurabh
   Singh, Manoranjan
   Usha, Rajamma
TI Serotonin transporter promoter variants: Analysis in Indian autistic and
   control population
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE serotonin transporter; S-HTTLPR; Indian population; autism; genetic
   association; meta-analysis
ID JAPANESE POPULATION; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; DISORDER; LINKAGE;
   REGION; EXPRESSION; 5-HTT; HYPERSEROTONEMIA; DISEQUILIBRIUM
AB Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a transmembrane protein belonging to Na+/Cl- dependent membrane transporter family and transports S-HT across the membranes of presynaptic neurons. 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (S-HTTLPR) gained much interest because of the differential regulation of expression and activity of 5-HTT by its various genotypes. A population-based study has been conducted on 5-HTTLPR with 358 individuals, which included 79 autistic probands, 136 parents, and 143 controls from two subpopulations of east and northeast regions of India. The genotypic frequencies of all the groups conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. With the finding of efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in ameliorating ritualistic behavior in autistic disorder, 5-HTT emerged as a putative candidate gene for autism and association studies have been carried out in different ethnic populations. But these studies were inconclusive due to conflicting results on association. Because such a study has never been performed in the Indian population, we have tested the possible involvement of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with autism. The present study failed to establish any association or linkage of 5-HTTLPR with autism in the Indian population by case-control studies (chi(2) = 1.314, P = 0.63) and family-based approaches (TDT chi(2) = 0.22, P = 0.64 and HHRR-chi(2) = 0.25, P = 0.61). However, when a meta-analysis of all the available TDT data, inclusive of the present study is carried out, we observed a significant preferential transmission of S-allele from parents to the affected offspring (chi(2) = 7.51, P = 0.006) indicating an association of 5-HTTLPR with autism. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Kolkata 700107, W Bengal, India.
   Univ Calcutta, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India.
   Manovikas Kendra Rehabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Kolkata 700107, W Bengal, India.
   Assam Autism Fdn, Gauhati 781005, India.
   Indian Inst Chem Biol, Div Human Genet & Genom, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India.
   Bangus Inst Neurol, Dept Neuromed, Kolkata 700025, W Bengal, India.
   Indian Stat Inst, Human Genet Unit, Kolkata 700108, W Bengal, India.
RP Usha, R (reprint author), Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, 482 Madudah,Plot 1-24,Sector J,EM Bypass, Kolkata 700107, W Bengal, India.
EM ushamvk@yahoo.co.in
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NR 42
TC 25
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
EI 1872-6240
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD MAY 30
PY 2006
VL 1092
BP 28
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.078
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 064DV
UT WOS:000239070300003
PM 16674932
ER

PT J
AU Huang, CH
   Chen, CH
AF Huang, CH
   Chen, CH
TI Absence of association of a polymorphic GGC repeat at the 5 '
   untranslated region of the reelin gene with schizophrenia
SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Taiwan; Chinese; Han; genetics; mental illness
ID BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; PROMOTER; ALLELES
AB Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays an important role in guiding neuronal migration, lamination and connection during embryonic brain development. Several reports suggest that reduced reelin expression is associated with human mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, mood disorders and autism. Human reelin cDNA has been cloned and contains a polymorphic GGC repeat at the 5' untranslated region. In view of the possible regulation of reelin gene expression by this GGC polymorphism, we investigated the association of the polymorphic GGC repeat with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population from Taiwan. We found no differences of allelic and genotypic distributions of the polymorphic GGC triplets between 162 schizophrenic patients and 176 controls in this study. Our findings do not support the involvement of the polymorphic GGC triplets of the reelin gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in the population studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Tzu Chi Univ, Dept Psychiat, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
   Tzu Chi Univ, Grad Inst Human Genet, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Tzu Chi Univ, Dept Psychiat, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
EM cchen@mail.tcu.edu.tw
RI Chen, Chia-Hsiang /E-3939-2010
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NR 17
TC 8
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
   IRELAND
SN 0165-1781
J9 PSYCHIAT RES
JI Psychiatry Res.
PD MAY 30
PY 2006
VL 142
IS 1
BP 89
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.014
PG 4
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 055DR
UT WOS:000238430700009
PM 16556465
ER

PT J
AU Kennedy, DP
   Redcay, E
   Courchesne, E
AF Kennedy, DP
   Redcay, E
   Courchesne, E
TI Failing to deactivate: Resting functional abnormalities in autism
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE default mode; functional MRI; introspection; medial prefrontal cortex;
   precuneus
ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; POSTERIOR
   CINGULATE CORTEX; DEFAULT-MODE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BRAIN-FUNCTION;
   RETROSPLENIAL CORTEX; SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS; COUNTING STROOP; EMOTIONAL
   WORDS
AB Several regions of the brain (including medial prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and precuneus) are known to have high metabolic activity during rest, which is suppressed during cognitively demanding tasks. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this suppression of activity is observed as "deactivations," which are thought to be indicative of an interruption of the mental activity that persists during rest. Thus, measuring deactivation provides a means by which rest-associated functional activity can be quantitatively examined. Applying this approach to autism, we found that the autism group failed to demonstrate this deactivation effect. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between a clinical measure of social impairment and functional activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. We speculate that the lack of deactivation in the autism group is indicative of abnormal internally directed processes at rest, which may be an important contribution to the social and emotional deficits of autism.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Res Ctr, Ctr Autism Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Kennedy, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM dkennedy@ucsd.edu
RI Redcay, Elizabeth/C-7818-2011
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NR 71
TC 266
Z9 275
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 23
PY 2006
VL 103
IS 21
BP 8275
EP 8280
DI 10.1073/pnas.0600674103
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 047BD
UT WOS:000237853900060
PM 16702548
ER

PT J
AU Hu, VW
   Frank, BC
   Heine, S
   Lee, NH
   Quackenbush, J
AF Hu, Valerie W.
   Frank, Bryan C.
   Heine, Shannon
   Lee, Norman H.
   Quackenbush, John
TI Gene expression profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines from monozygotic
   twins discordant in severity of autism reveals differential regulation
   of neurologically relevant genes
SO BMC GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GENE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CANDIDATE GENES;
   NITRIC-OXIDE; ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DNA
   MICROARRAYS; MESSENGER-RNA; CHROMOSOME 7Q; LINKAGE
AB Background: The autism spectrum encompasses a set of complex multigenic developmental disorders that severely impact the development of language, non-verbal communication, and social skills, and are associated with odd, stereotyped, repetitive behavior and restricted interests. To date, diagnosis of these neurologically based disorders relies predominantly upon behavioral observations often prompted by delayed speech or aberrant behavior, and there are no known genes that can serve as definitive biomarkers for the disorders.
   Results: Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that lymphoblastoid cell lines from monozygotic twins discordant with respect to severity of autism and/or language impairment exhibit differential gene expression patterns on DNA microarrays. Furthermore, we show that genes important to the development, structure, and/or function of the nervous system are among the most differentially expressed genes, and that many of these genes map closely in silico to chromosomal regions containing previously reported autism candidate genes or quantitative trait loci.
   Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that novel candidate genes for autism may be differentially expressed in lymphoid cell lines from individuals with autism spectrum disorders. This finding further suggests the possibility of developing a molecular screen for autism based on expressed biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes, an easily accessible tissue. In addition, gene networks are identified that may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.
C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
   Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Hu, VW (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 2300 Eye St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
EM bcmvwh@gwumc.edu; bfrank@tigr.org; sheine@gwu.edu; nhlee@tigr.org;
   johnq@jimmy.harvard.edu
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NR 78
TC 82
Z9 84
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2164
J9 BMC GENOMICS
JI BMC Genomics
PD MAY 18
PY 2006
VL 7
AR 118
DI 10.1186/1471-2164-7-118
PG 18
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 071VW
UT WOS:000239633000001
PM 16709250
ER

PT J
AU Mandavilli, A
AF Mandavilli, A
TI Look and learn
SO NATURE
LA English
DT News Item
ID PERCEPTION; AUTISM; MOTION
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NR 4
TC 16
Z9 16
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAY 18
PY 2006
VL 441
IS 7091
BP 271
EP 272
DI 10.1038/441271a
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 043IB
UT WOS:000237593200011
PM 16710386
ER

PT J
AU Paylor, R
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AF Paylor, R
   Glaser, B
   Mupo, A
   Ataliotis, P
   Spencer, C
   Sobotka, A
   Sparks, C
   Choi, CH
   Oghalai, J
   Curran, S
   Murphy, KC
   Monks, S
   Williams, N
   O'Donovan, MC
   Owen, MJ
   Scambler, PJ
   Lindsay, E
TI Tbx1 haploinsufficiency is linked to behavioral disorders in mice and
   humans: Implications for 22q11 deletion syndrome
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE mouse model; psychiatric disease; DiGeorge syndrome; sensorimotor gating
ID DIGEORGE-SYNDROME REGION; CARDIO-FACIAL/DIGEORGE-SYNDROME;
   HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CARDIOVASCULAR DEFECTS; PREPULSE INHIBITION;
   CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL
   SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIA
AB About 35% of patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), which includes DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes, develops psychiatric disorders, mainly schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We previously reported that mice carrying a multigene deletion (Df1) that models 22q11DS have reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI), a behavioral abnormality and schizophrenia endophenotype. Impaired PPI is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including those that occur in 22q11DS, and recently, reduced PPI was reported in children with 22q11DS. Here, we have mapped PPI deficits in a panel of mouse mutants that carry deletions that partially overlap with DO and have defined a PPI critical region encompassing four genes. We then used single-gene mutants to identify the causative genes. We show that PIPI deficits in Df1/+ mice are caused by haploinsufficiency of two genes, Tbx1 and Gnb1l. Mutation of either gene is sufficient to cause reduced PPI. Tbx1 is a transcription factor, the mutation of which is sufficient to cause most of the physical features of 22q11DS, but the gene had not been previously associated with the behavioral/psychiatric phenotype. A likely role for Tbx1 haploinsufficiency in psychiatric disease is further suggested by the identification of a family in which the phenotypic features of 22q11DS, including psychiatric disorders, segregate with an inactivating mutation of TBX1. One family member has Asperger syndrome, an autistic spectrum disorder that is associated with reduced PPI. Thus, Tbx1 and Gnb1I are strong candidates for psychiatric disease in 22q11DS patients and candidate susceptibility genes for psychiatric disease in the wider population.
C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Univ Cardiff Wales, Dept Med Psychol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales.
   CEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, I-80145 Naples, Italy.
   European Sch Mol Med, SEMM, I-80145 Naples, Italy.
   Inst Child Hlth, Mol Med Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
   Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 9, Ireland.
   Inst Psychiat, Dept Med Psychol, London SE4 8AF, England.
RP Owen, MJ (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Technol, 2121 W Holocombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM owenmj@cardiff.ac.uk; elindsay@ibt.tamhsc.edu
RI Scambler, Peter/C-4998-2008; turton, miranda/F-4682-2011; Murphy,
   Kieran/D-3577-2012
OI Scambler, Peter/0000-0002-1487-4628; 
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NR 44
TC 146
Z9 150
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 16
PY 2006
VL 103
IS 20
BP 7729
EP 7734
DI 10.1073/pnas.0600206103
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 046UF
UT WOS:000237835900037
PM 16684884
ER

PT J
AU Thompson, RR
   George, K
   Walton, JC
   Orr, SP
   Benson, J
AF Thompson, RR
   George, K
   Walton, JC
   Orr, SP
   Benson, J
TI Sex-specific influences of vasopressin on human social communication
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE affiliation; aggression; anxiety; autism; emotion
ID PAIR-BOND FORMATION; VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; PRAIRIE VOLES;
   BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; HUMAN-BRAIN; OXYTOCIN; NEUROENDOCRINE; SEPTUM;
   AUTISM; NEUROPEPTIDES
AB Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and related peptides affect social behaviors innumerous species, but AVP influences on human social functions have not yet been established. Here, we describe how intranasal AVP administration differentially affects social communication in men and women, and we propose a mechanism through which it may exert those influences. In men, AVIP stimulates agonistic facial motor patterns in response to the faces of unfamiliar men and decreases perceptions of the friendliness of those faces. In contrast, in women, AVP stimulates affiliative facial motor patterns in response to the faces of unfamiliar women and increases perceptions of the friendliness of those faces. AVP also affected autonomic responsiveness to threatening faces and increased anxiety, which may underlie both communication patterns by promoting different social strategies in stressful contexts in men and women.
C1 Bowdoin Coll, Dept Psychol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
   Bowdoin Coll, Neurosci Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Manchester, NH 03104 USA.
RP Thompson, RR (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Psychol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
EM rthompso@bowdoin.edu
RI Walton, James/F-7435-2010; chen, xuanlan/H-4158-2011
OI Walton, James/0000-0002-3049-1029; 
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NR 34
TC 140
Z9 143
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 16
PY 2006
VL 103
IS 20
BP 7889
EP 7894
DI 10.1073/pnas.0600406103
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 046UF
UT WOS:000237835900064
PM 16682649
ER

PT J
AU Fellrath-Archer, D
   Betts, SW
AF Fellrath-Archer, D
   Betts, SW
TI Yoga for children with autism spectrum disorders: A step-by-step guide
   for parents and caregivers.
SO LIBRARY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Book Review
CR BETTS DE, 2006, YOGA CHILDREN AUTISM
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION
PI NEW YORK
PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA
SN 0363-0277
J9 LIBR J
JI Libr. J.
PD MAY 15
PY 2006
VL 131
IS 9
BP 122
EP 122
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 048KD
UT WOS:000237945100207
ER

PT J
AU Hilton, S
   Petticrew, M
   Hunt, K
AF Hilton, S
   Petticrew, M
   Hunt, K
TI 'Combined vaccines are like a sudden onslaught to the body's immune
   system': Parental concerns about vaccine 'overload' and
   'immune-vulnerability'
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE vaccine safety; immune-overload; parental understandings
ID MMR VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; AUTISM; MUMPS; CHILDREN
AB The recent controversy surrounding the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) has heightened parents' concerns about the safety of vaccines, and led some to believe that giving vaccines in a combined form may 'overload' children's immune systems. However, to date no studies have been published examining how British parents conceptualise the notion of 'immune-overload' or how they relate this concept to their own children. Eighteen focus groups were conducted with parents between November 2002 and March 2003. The literature on vaccine decision-making suggests that parents base their immunisation decisions on two key risks: those posed by the diseases, and those associated with the vaccines aimed at preventing those diseases. Our study suggested that for some parents a third factor plays an important role, namely their assessment of the ability of their child's immune system to 'cope' with the challenge of combined vaccines, or to fight the disease. We conclude that although there is no scientific evidence that supports parents' fears about combined vaccines causing 'immune-overload', policy makers need to recognise these concerns if they are to successfully persuade parents that combined vaccines are safe. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Lanark, Scotland.
RP Hilton, S (reprint author), MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Lanark, Scotland.
EM shona@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk; kate@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
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NR 29
TC 38
Z9 38
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD MAY 15
PY 2006
VL 24
IS 20
BP 4321
EP 4327
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.003
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 049LA
UT WOS:000238016600011
PM 16581162
ER

PT J
AU Serpell, L
   Green, J
AF Serpell, L
   Green, J
TI Parental decision-making in childhood vaccination
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Review
DE vaccination; decision theory; heuristics; measles mumps and rubella
   vaccine; MMR
ID MEASLES-MUMPS-RUBELLA; HEALTH-PROFESSIONALS; RISK; MMR; IMMUNIZATION;
   OMISSION; CHILDREN; AUTISM; ASSOCIATION; VACCINES
AB Recent concerns about childhood vaccines such as the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine have led to reduced vaccine uptake and increased probability of disease outbreaks. Psychological aspects of parental decision-making about vaccines are reviewed. Inconsistencies and gaps in the literature are highlighted and implications of what is known for public health are outlined. A decision theory model of the decision to vaccinate fits the facts well and generates practical strategies for uptake of MMR and similar childhood vaccines. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.
   Cent & NW London Mental Hlth Trust, London, England.
RP Serpell, L (reprint author), St Marys Hosp, Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, Clarence Wing,Praed St, London W2 1NY, England.
EM lucy@serpell.com
RI Serpell, Lucy/C-2468-2008
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NR 50
TC 29
Z9 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD MAY 8
PY 2006
VL 24
IS 19
BP 4041
EP 4046
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.037
PG 6
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 049KX
UT WOS:000238016200003
PM 16530892
ER

PT J
AU Greer, JM
   Wynshaw-Boris, A
AF Greer, JM
   Wynshaw-Boris, A
TI Pten and the brain: Sizing up social interaction
SO NEURON
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
AB In a comprehensive set of experiments in this issue of Neuron, Kwon et al. demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Pten leads to behavioral abnormalities and neuropathological changes. Pten mutants displayed reduced social interaction and heightened responses to sensory stimuli. Additionally, neuronal hypertrophy, as well as macrocephaly was observed. Based on rare human mutations in PTEN and the PI3K pathway, the authors suggest they have produced a potential animal model of autism with macrocephaly.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Greer, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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NR 12
TC 8
Z9 11
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0896-6273
J9 NEURON
JI Neuron
PD MAY 4
PY 2006
VL 50
IS 3
BP 343
EP 345
DI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.021
PG 3
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 045FA
UT WOS:000237726800001
PM 16675386
ER

PT J
AU Kwon, CH
   Luikart, BW
   Powell, CM
   Zhou, J
   Matheny, SA
   Zhang, W
   Li, YJ
   Baker, SJ
   Parada, LF
AF Kwon, CH
   Luikart, BW
   Powell, CM
   Zhou, J
   Matheny, SA
   Zhang, W
   Li, YJ
   Baker, SJ
   Parada, LF
TI Pten regulates neuronal arborization and social interaction in mice
SO NEURON
LA English
DT Article
ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; LHERMITTE-DUCLOS-DISEASE;
   FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; AUTISTIC
   DISORDER; COWDEN-SYNDROME; PROTEIN-KINASE; MOUSE MODEL; SOMA SIZE
AB CNS deletion of Pten in the mouse has revealed its roles in controlling cell size and number, thus providing compelling etiology for macrocephaly and Lhermitte-Duclos disease. PTEN mutations in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have also been reported, although a causal link between PTEN and ASD remains unclear. In the present study, we deleted Pten in limited differentiated neuronal populations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. Resulting mutant mice showed abnormal social interaction and exaggerated responses to sensory stimuli. We observed macrocephaly and neuronal hypertrophy, including hypertrophic and ectopic dendrites and axonal tracts with increased synapses. This abnormal morphology was associated with activation of the Akt/mTor/S6k pathway and inactivation of Gsk3 beta. Thus, our data suggest that abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in specific neuronal populations can underlie macrocephaly and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of certain features of human ASD.
C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Dev Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
   Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Kent Waldrep Fdn Ctr Basic Neurosci Res Nerve Gro, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
   Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
   Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
   St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
RP Parada, LF (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Dev Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
EM luis.parada@utsouthwestern.edu
RI Luikart, Bryan/D-2683-2012; Parada, luis/B-9400-2014; Kwon,
   Chang-hyuk/E-3450-2011
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NR 63
TC 359
Z9 367
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA
SN 0896-6273
J9 NEURON
JI Neuron
PD MAY 4
PY 2006
VL 50
IS 3
BP 377
EP 388
DI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.023
PG 12
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 045FA
UT WOS:000237726800008
PM 16675393
ER

PT J
AU Meyer, U
   Nyffeler, M
   Engler, A
   Urwyler, A
   Schedlowski, M
   Knuesel, I
   Yee, BK
   Feldon, J
AF Meyer, U
   Nyffeler, M
   Engler, A
   Urwyler, A
   Schedlowski, M
   Knuesel, I
   Yee, BK
   Feldon, J
TI The time of prenatal immune challenge determines the specificity of
   inflammation-mediated brain and behavioral pathology
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE apoptosis; cytokines; inflammation; neurogenesis; prenatal; Reelin
ID NEURODEVELOPMENTAL MODEL; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; PROGENITOR CELLS;
   GENE-EXPRESSION; NEONATAL BRAIN; CEREBRAL-PALSY; SCHIZOPHRENIA;
   INFECTION; CYTOKINES; PREGNANCY
AB Disturbance to early brain development is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and mental retardation. Epidemiological studies have indicated that the risk of developing these disorders is enhanced by prenatal maternal infection, presumably as a result of neurodevelopmental defects triggered by cytokine-related inflammatory events. Here, we demonstrate that the effects of maternal immune challenge between middle and late gestation periods in mice are dissociable in terms of fetal brain cytokine responses to maternal inflammation and the pathological consequences in brain and behavior. Specifically, the relative expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the fetal brains in response to maternal immune challenge may be an important determinant among other developmental factors for the precise pathological profile emerging in later life. Thus, the middle and late gestation periods correspond to two windows with differing vulnerability to adult behavioral dysfunction, brain neuropathology in early adolescence, and of the acute cytokine responses in the fetal brain.
C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Behav Neurobiol, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
   Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Psychol & Behav Immunobiol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Yee, BK (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Behav Neurobiol, Schorenstr 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
EM byee@ethz.ch
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NR 55
TC 281
Z9 292
PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0270-6474
J9 J NEUROSCI
JI J. Neurosci.
PD MAY 3
PY 2006
VL 26
IS 18
BP 4752
EP 4762
DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0099-06.2006
PG 11
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 039AN
UT WOS:000237271700004
PM 16672647
ER

PT J
AU Martchek, M
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AF Martchek, M
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TI Lack of evidence of neuropathology in the locus coeruleus in autism
SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
LA English
DT Letter
ID NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; NEURONS; BRAIN; NUMBER
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
RP Kemper, T (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
EM tkemper@bu.edu
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NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0001-6322
J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL
JI Acta Neuropathol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 111
IS 5
BP 497
EP 499
DI 10.1007/s00401-006-0061-0
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology
GA 039QY
UT WOS:000237322900013
PM 16596425
ER

PT J
AU Sams, MJ
   Fortney, EV
   Willenbring, S
AF Sams, MJ
   Fortney, EV
   Willenbring, S
TI Occupational therapy incorporating animals for children with autism: A
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SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERVENTIONS
AB This investigation compared language use and social interaction-in children with autism receiving two forms of occupational therapy: occupational therapy using standard techniques, and occupational therapy incorporating animals. Twenty-two children between the ages of 7 and 13 received both forms of therapy in a school-based occupational therapy program for children with autism. Results suggest that the children demonstrated significantly greater use of language and significantly greater social interaction in sessions incorporating animals when compared to sessions using exclusively standard occupational therapy techniques. Findings are discussed in the context of recent research that has highlighted the importance of enhancing the motivation of children with autism to engage actively in therapeutic and learning processes.
C1 Monas Ark, Troutville, VA 24175 USA.
   Cent State Hosp, Petersburg, VA USA.
   Dabney S Lancaster Community Coll, Clifton Forge, VA USA.
RP Sams, MJ (reprint author), Monas Ark, 240 Old Mine Rd, Troutville, VA 24175 USA.
EM evfortney@evfortney.com
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NR 27
TC 19
Z9 19
PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA
SN 0272-9490
J9 AM J OCCUP THER
JI Am. J. Occup. Ther.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 3
BP 268
EP 274
PG 7
WC Rehabilitation
SC Rehabilitation
GA 044MV
UT WOS:000237677500005
PM 16776394
ER

PT J
AU Rabionet, R
   McCauley, JL
   Jaworski, JM
   Ashley-Koch, AE
   Martin, ER
   Sutcliffe, JS
   Haines, JL
   DeLong, GR
   Abramson, RK
   Wright, HH
   Cuccaro, ML
   Gilbert, JR
   Pericak-Vance, MA
AF Rabionet, R
   McCauley, JL
   Jaworski, JM
   Ashley-Koch, AE
   Martin, ER
   Sutcliffe, JS
   Haines, JL
   DeLong, GR
   Abramson, RK
   Wright, HH
   Cuccaro, ML
   Gilbert, JR
   Pericak-Vance, MA
TI Lack of association between autism and SLC25A12
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKAGE; CHROMOSOME-2; GENES
AB Objective: Autism has a strong, complex genetic component, most likely involving several genes. Multiple genomic screens have shown evidence suggesting linkage to chromosome 2q31-q33, which includes the SLC25A12 gene. Recently, an association between autism risk and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC25A12 was reported. This study aimed to test for association in SLC25A12 in an independent data set of 327 families with autistic offspring.
   Method: The authors analyzed two SNPs that were significant in the previous study group, as well as seven additional SNPs within the gene. Association analyses for individual SNPs as well as haplotypes were performed.
   Results: There was no evidence of an association between SLC25A12 and autism.
   Conclusions: These results suggest that SLC25A12 is not a major contributor to autism risk in these families.
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet Res, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN USA.
   Univ S Carolina, WS Hall Psychiat Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Pericak-Vance, MA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ctr Human Genet, Box 3445,595 LaSalle St, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
EM mpv@chg.duhs.duke.edu
RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012; Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012
OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007
CR Buxbaum JD, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V68, P1514, DOI 10.1086/320588
   Horvath S, 2004, GENET EPIDEMIOL, V26, P61, DOI 10.1002/gepi.10295
   Palferman S, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V69, P570
   Philippe A, 1999, HUM MOL GENET, V8, P805, DOI 10.1093/hmg/8.5.805
   Rabionet R, 2004, NEUROSCI LETT, V372, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.037
   Ramoz N, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P662, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.662
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 5
BP 929A
EP 931
PG 3
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 037GV
UT WOS:000237136000032
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, DGM
   Daly, E
   Schmitz, N
   Toal, F
   Murphy, K
   Curran, S
   Erlandsson, K
   Eersels, J
   Kerwin, R
   Ell, P
   Travis, M
AF Murphy, DGM
   Daly, E
   Schmitz, N
   Toal, F
   Murphy, K
   Curran, S
   Erlandsson, K
   Eersels, J
   Kerwin, R
   Ell, P
   Travis, M
TI Cortical serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor binding and social communication in
   adults with Asperger's syndrome: An in vivo SPECT study
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; AUTISTIC DISORDER; BRAIN
AB Objective: The cause of autistic spectrum disorder (i.e., autism and Asperger's syndrome) is unknown. The serotonergic (5-HT) system may be especially implicated. However, cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor density in adults with the disorder has not been examined, to the authors' knowledge.
   Method: The authors investigated cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor binding in eight adults with Asperger's syndrome and in 10 healthy comparison subjects with single photon emission computed tomography and the selective 5-HT(2A) receptor ligand 123I iodinated 4-amino-N-[1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-4-methyl- 4-piperidinyl]-5-iodo-2-methoxybenzamide ((123)I-5-I-R91150).
   Results: People with Asperger's syndrome had a significant reduction in cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor binding in the total, anterior, and posterior cingulate; bilaterally in the frontal and superior temporal lobes; and in the left parietal lobe. Also, reduced receptor binding was significantly related to abnormal social communication.
   Conclusions: The authors' findings suggest that adults with Asperger's syndrome have abnormalities in cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor density and that this deficit may underlie some clinical symptoms.
C1 Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England.
   Coll Surg, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland.
   UCL, Middlesex Hosp, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Radionuclide Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Murphy, DGM (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, De Crespigny Pk,P50, London SE5 8AF, England.
EM sphadgm@iop.kcl.ac.uk
RI Schmitz, Nicole /F-9471-2011; daly, eileen/B-6716-2011; Murphy,
   Kieran/D-3577-2012
OI Schmitz, Nicole /0000-0003-4178-4756; 
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NR 14
TC 82
Z9 83
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 0002-953X
J9 AM J PSYCHIAT
JI Am. J. Psychiat.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 163
IS 5
BP 934
EP 936
DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.5.934
PG 3
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 037GV
UT WOS:000237136000034
PM 16648340
ER

PT J
AU Drager, KDR
   Postal, VJ
   Carrolus, L
   Castellano, M
   Gagliano, C
   Glynn, J
AF Drager, Kathryn D. R.
   Postal, Valerie J.
   Carrolus, Leanne
   Castellano, Megan
   Gagliano, Christine
   Glynn, Jennifer
TI The effect of aided language modeling on symbol comprehension and
   production in 2 preschoolers with autism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE aided language modeling; intervention; autism; augmentative and
   alternative communication; symbols; comprehension; production
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; ACQUISITION; MODERATE; YOUTH
AB Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an instructional procedure called aided language modeling (ALM) on symbol comprehension and expression in 2 preschool children with autism who used few words functionally. ALM consists of engaging the child in interactive play activities and providing models of use of augmentative and alternative communication symbols during play.
   Method: A multiple-baseline design across sets of symbol vocabulary was used with 2 children who had autism. Four vocabulary items were taught in each of 3 legs of the design, for each child.
   Results: Both participants demonstrated increased symbol comprehension and elicited symbol production. In addition, both participants demonstrated that symbol comprehension and symbol production could be maintained. For both children, performance on symbol production lagged behind rate of responses on symbol comprehension.
   Conclusions: The current research presents preliminary evidence that a modeling intervention may be effective in increasing symbol comprehension and production, and may be an appropriate intervention strategy for some preschoolers with autism. Future research should continue to investigate this strategy and its effects on functional communication.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Cent Susquehanna Intermediate Unit, Lewisburg, PA USA.
RP Drager, KDR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 110 Moore Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM kdd5@psu.edu
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NR 41
TC 23
Z9 25
PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA
SN 1058-0360
J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT
JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 2
BP 112
EP 125
DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/012)
PG 14
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 047GT
UT WOS:000237868500003
PM 16782684
ER

PT J
AU Miller, CA
AF Miller, Carol A.
TI Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cognition; normal language development; language disorders; autism
   spectrum disorders
ID FALSE BELIEF TASK; JOINT ATTENTION; SOCIAL COGNITION; MENTAL STATE;
   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; CHILDRENS KNOWLEDGE; SPEAKING CHILDREN; PEOPLES
   FEELINGS; AUTISM; PERFORMANCE
AB Purpose: This tutorial is intended to inform readers about the development of theory of mind (understanding of mental states) and to discuss relationships between theory of mind and language development.
   Method: A narrative review of selected literature on language and theory of mind is presented. Theory of mind is defined, and commonly used measures of theory of mind are described. Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind in typical and atypical populations are discussed. Literature-based suggestions for clinical assessment and intervention are provided, using a hypothetical case study.
   Conclusions: The article serves as an introduction to current research about language and theory of mind, and emphasizes their interdependence in development. Implications of the relationships between theory of mind and language development for language assessment and intervention are discussed, and an argument is made that taking theory of mind into account will help clinicians enhance children's communication and language development.
C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Miller, CA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 110 Moore Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM cam47@psu.edu
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   Zion G., 1956, HARRY DIRTY DOG
NR 85
TC 27
Z9 28
PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA
SN 1058-0360
J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT
JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 2
BP 142
EP 154
DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2006/014)
PG 13
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 047GT
UT WOS:000237868500005
PM 16782686
ER

PT J
AU Abbeduto, L
   Murphy, MM
   Richmond, EK
   Amman, A
   Beth, P
   Weissman, MD
   Kim, JS
   Cawthon, SW
   Karadottir, S
AF Abbeduto, L
   Murphy, MM
   Richmond, EK
   Amman, A
   Beth, P
   Weissman, MD
   Kim, JS
   Cawthon, SW
   Karadottir, S
TI Collaboration in referential communication: Comparison of youth with
   down syndrome or fragile X syndrome
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; RETARDED
   ADOLESCENTS; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; INDIVIDUALS; AUTISM; MIND; ADULTS;
   SENSORIMOTOR
AB Referential communication was examined in youth with Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome in comparison to each other and to MA-matched typically developing children. A non-face-to-face task was used in which the participant repeatedly described novel shapes to listeners. Several dimensions of referential communication were especially challenging for the syndrome groups (i.e., they displayed below-MA performance), although there were differences in the dimensions that each syndrome group found to be most challenging. Independently assessed expressive language ability contributed to variations in referential performance, especially for participants with Down syndrome.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Abbeduto, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
EM abbeduto@waisman.wisc.edu
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NR 52
TC 33
Z9 33
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 111
IS 3
BP 170
EP 183
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[170:CIRCCO]2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 046UI
UT WOS:000237836200002
PM 16597184
ER

PT J
AU Lecavalier, L
   Aman, MG
   Scahill, L
   McDougle, CJ
   McCracken, JT
   Vitiello, B
   Tierney, E
   Arnold, LE
   Ghuman, JK
   Loftin, RL
   Cronin, P
   Koenig, K
   Posey, DJ
   Martin, A
   Hollway, J
   Lee, LS
   Kau, ASM
AF Lecavalier, L
   Aman, MG
   Scahill, L
   McDougle, CJ
   McCracken, JT
   Vitiello, B
   Tierney, E
   Arnold, LE
   Ghuman, JK
   Loftin, RL
   Cronin, P
   Koenig, K
   Posey, DJ
   Martin, A
   Hollway, J
   Lee, LS
   Kau, ASM
TI Validity of the autism diagnostic interview-revised
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION
LA English
DT Article
ID RATING-SCALE; BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; ADI-R; CHILDREN;
   CLASSIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; INSTRUMENTS; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM
AB The factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) algorithm items were examined in a sample of 226 youngsters with pervasive developmental disabilities. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution closely resembling the original algorithm and explaining 38% of the variance, with one significant discrepancy: Unlike the algorithm, all nonverbal communication items were associated with the Social factor. Internal consistencies of domain scores ranged from .54 to .84. Correlations between ADI-R domain and total scores and instruments assessing adaptive behavior, psychopathology, and autism were examined. They indicated some similarities between constructs, but also that the ADI-R measures autism in a unique fashion.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Riley Hosp Children, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Neuropsychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
   NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Lecavalier, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, 305 McCampbell Hall,1518 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM lecavalier.1@osu.edu
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NR 42
TC 62
Z9 63
PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA
SN 0895-8017
J9 AM J MENT RETARD
JI Am. J. Ment. Retard.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 111
IS 3
BP 199
EP 215
DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[199:VOTADI]2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 046UI
UT WOS:000237836200006
PM 16597187
ER

PT J
AU Ashley-Koch, AE
   Mei, H
   Jaworski, J
   Ma, DQ
   Ritchie, MD
   Menold, MM
   Delong, GR
   Abramson, RK
   Wright, HH
   Hussman, JP
   Cuccaro, ML
   Gilbert, JR
   Martin, ER
   Pericak-Vance, MA
AF Ashley-Koch, AE
   Mei, H
   Jaworski, J
   Ma, DQ
   Ritchie, MD
   Menold, MM
   Delong, GR
   Abramson, RK
   Wright, HH
   Hussman, JP
   Cuccaro, ML
   Gilbert, JR
   Martin, ER
   Pericak-Vance, MA
TI An analysis paradigm for investigating multi-locus effects in complex
   disease: Examination of three GABA(A) receptor subunit genes on
   15q11-q13 as risk factors for autistic disorder.
SO ANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; INFANTILE-AUTISM;
   ASSOCIATION; FAMILIES; EPILEPSY; TESTS; TWIN; PEDIGREES; GENETICS
AB Gene-gene interactions are likely involved in many complex genetic disorders and new statistical approaches for detecting such interactions are needed. We propose a multi-analytic paradigm, relying on convergence of evidence across multiple analysis tools. Our paradigm tests for main and interactive effects, through allele, genotype and haplotype association. We applied our paradigm to genotype data from three GABA(A) receptor subunit genes (GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3) on chromosome 15 in 470 Caucasian autism families. Previously implicated in autism, we hypothesized these genes interact to contribute to risk. We detected no evidence of main effects by allelic (PDT, FBAT) or genotypic (genotype-PDT) association at individual markers. However, three two-marker haplotypes in GABRG3 were significant (HBAT). We detected no significant multi-locus associations using genotype-PDT analysis or the EMDR data reduction program. However, consistent with the haplotype findings, the best single locus EMDR model selected a GABRG3 marker. Further, the best pairwise genotype-PDT result involved GABRB3 and GABRG3, and all multi-locus EMDR models also selected GABRB3 and GABRG3 markers. GABA receptor subunit genes do not significantly interact to contribute to autism risk in our overall data set. However, the consistency of results across analyses suggests that we have defined a useful framework for evaluating gene-gene interactions.
C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA.
   Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   WS Hall Psychiat Inst, Columbia, SC USA.
   John P Hussman Fdn, Ellicott City, MD USA.
RP Ashley-Koch, AE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Med, Box 3400,2007 Snyderman Genom Sci Bldg,595 LaSall, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
EM allison.ashleykoch@duke.edu
RI Ritchie, Marylyn/C-1114-2012
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NR 46
TC 34
Z9 35
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0003-4800
J9 ANN HUM GENET
JI Ann. Hum. Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 70
BP 281
EP 292
DI 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00253.x
PN 3
PG 12
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 031XF
UT WOS:000236737800001
PM 16674551
ER

PT J
AU Chavez, B
   Chavez-Brown, M
   Rey, JA
AF Chavez, B
   Chavez-Brown, M
   Rey, JA
TI Role of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorder
SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LONG-TERM RISPERIDONE; OPEN-LABEL;
   CASE SERIES; ADOLESCENTS; OLANZAPINE; ADULTS; DISCONTINUATION;
   QUETIAPINE; TRIAL
AB OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
   DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE/PubMed (1992-February 2006) were conducted, as well as an extensive manual review of journals, using the key words autism and risperidone.
   STUDY SELECTION AND DATA E)EXTRACTION: Only double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were included for review.
   DATA SYNTHESIS: ASD is the most common of the pervasive developmental disorders. The main characteristics (core symptoms) of autism are impairment in social skills, problems communicating, and stereotypical movements. Behavioral manifestations or maladaptive behaviors include aggression, irritability, hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, tantrums, and self-injurious behavior.
   CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data examined, risperidone appears efficacious and safe for treating certain behavioral aspects of autism including irritability, aggression, hyperactivity, and stereotypy. It does not appear to be as effective for the treatment of the core symptoms of autism.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Wagner Coll, Dept Educ, Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA.
   Nova SE Univ, Coll Pharm, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
RP Chavez-Brown, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, 160 Frelinghuysen Way, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM bchavez@rci.rutgers.edu
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   FDA REFUSES AUTISM D
NR 41
TC 16
Z9 16
PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO
PI CINCINNATI
PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA
SN 1060-0280
J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER
JI Ann. Pharmacother.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 40
IS 5
BP 909
EP 916
DI 10.1345/aph.1G389
PG 8
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 043KW
UT WOS:000237600900013
PM 16684811
ER

PT J
AU Rivara, FP
AF Rivara, FP
TI Autism and autism spectrum disorders
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Rivara, FP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Inst Child Hlth, 6200 NE 74th St,Suite 210, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM archpediatrics@jama-archives.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 160
IS 5
BP 548
EP 548
DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.5.548-a
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 038JK
UT WOS:000237215600016
ER

PT J
AU Eaves, LC
   Wingert, H
   Ho, HH
AF Eaves, LC
   Wingert, H
   Ho, HH
TI Screening for autism - Agreement with diagnosis
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorders; modified checklist for autism in toddlers;
   screening tools; social communication questionnaire
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INSTRUMENT; INTERVIEW; CHECKLIST;
   TODDLERS
AB Screening measures to identify very young children at risk for autism spectrum disorders include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). To examine the validity of these written questionnaires, parents completed them prior to their child's diagnostic assessment at a tertiary autism clinic. The M-CHAT was given to 84 parents of 2- to 3-year-olds and the SCQ to 94 parents of 4- to 6-year-olds. On both measures sensitivity was higher than specificity with positive predictive values 0.63-0.68. False negatives, or children with autism who were missed by screening, were somewhat higher functioning than true positives. Results were better for parents who spoke English as a second language, contrary to expectations. At this stage of development these tools would be recommended as part of more comprehensive surveillance programmes to identify children in need of further assessment but not to 'screen out' the possibility of autism.
C1 Sunny Hill Vet Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
RP Eaves, LC (reprint author), Sunny Hill Vet Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
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   Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
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   Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT
NR 16
TC 42
Z9 42
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 229
EP 242
DI 10.1177/1362361306063288
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000002
PM 16682396
ER

PT J
AU Turner, LM
   Stone, WL
   Pozdol, SL
   Coonard, EE
AF Turner, LM
   Stone, WL
   Pozdol, SL
   Coonard, EE
TI Follow-up of children with autism spectrum disorders from age 2 to age 9
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE;
   YOUNG-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; STABILITY; COMMUNICATION; PREDICTORS;
   CONTINUITY; PARAMETERS; LEVEL
AB The purpose of the present study was to examine the developmental outcomes of children 7 years after their initial diagnosis. Children diagnosed with autism or PDD-NOS at age 2 received follow-up evaluations at age 9. Diagnostic stability was high, with 88 percent of the sample obtaining autism spectrum diagnoses at age 9. Cognitive scores improved considerably for a large segment of the sample, with over 50 percent obtaining scores in the average range at follow-up. Language outcomes were also positive at follow-up; 88 percent of the sample demonstrated at least some functional language, and 32 percent were able to engage in conversational exchanges. Early characteristics that predicted outcome status were: age of diagnosis, age 2 cognitive and language scores, and total hours of speech-language therapy between ages 2 and 3. These findings highlight the potential long-term benefits of both early identification and early intervention, and provide additional evidence for the importance of promoting public awareness of the early signs of autism.
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
RP Turner, LM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
EM lauren_turner@med.unc.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
   American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
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NR 51
TC 67
Z9 71
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 243
EP 265
DI 10.1177/1362361306063296
PG 23
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000003
PM 16682397
ER

PT J
AU Verte, S
   Geurts, HM
   Roeyers, H
   Rosseel, Y
   Oosterlaan, J
   Sergeant, JA
AF Verte, S
   Geurts, HM
   Roeyers, H
   Rosseel, Y
   Oosterlaan, J
   Sergeant, JA
TI Can the children's communication checklist differentiate autism spectrum
   subtypes?
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE Asperger syndrome; children's communication; checklist cluster; analysis
   high-functioning autism; pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise
   specified
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE DISORDERS;
   CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PDD-NOS; CLASSIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENT;
   DIAGNOSIS; SPEECH
AB The study explored whether children with high-functioning autism (HFA), Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) can be differentiated on the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC). The study also investigated whether empirically derived autistic subgroups can be identified with a cluster analytic method based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Fifty-seven children with HFA, 47 with AS, 31 with PDD-NOS, and a normal control group of 47 children between 6 and 13 years participated. Children with HFA, AS, and PDD-NOS showed pragmatic communication deficits in comparison to the controls. Little difference was found between the three subtypes with respect to their CCC profile. A three-cluster solution explained the data best. The HFA cluster showed most autism characteristics, followed by the combined HFA + AS cluster, and then the PDD-NOS cluster. The findings support the autism spectrum concept based on severity of symptom impairment rather than distinct categories.
C1 Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
   Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Verte, S (reprint author), Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM sylvie.verte@UGent.be
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 55
TC 21
Z9 21
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 266
EP 287
DI 10.1177/1362361306063299
PG 22
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000004
PM 16682398
ER

PT J
AU McDuffie, AS
   Yoder, PJ
   Stone, WL
AF McDuffie, Andrea S.
   Yoder, Paul J.
   Stone, Wendy L.
TI Labels increase attention to novel objects in children with autism and
   comprehension-matched children with typical development
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
DE attention following autism; language development; word learning
ID JOINT ATTENTION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; EARLY LANGUAGE; DOWN-SYNDROME;
   INFANTS; COMPETENCE; COGNITION; AGE
AB This study used an intact group comparison to examine attention following in 34 children aged 2 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) matched pairwise for vocabulary comprehension with a group of typically developing toddlers. For both groups of children, the presence of verbal labels during a referential task increased attention to a novel object over and above the attention-facilitating effect of child-directed talking without labeling. The typically developing children displayed more attention following than comprehension-matched children with ASD across experimental conditions and there was no significant difference between the groups in the facilitative effect of hearing verbal labels. Implications for word-learning theory, intervention strategies and future research are considered.
C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Childrens Hosp, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
RP McDuffie, AS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM mcduffie@waisman.wisc.edu
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 40
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
EI 1461-7005
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 288
EP 301
DI 10.1177/1362361306063287
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000005
PM 16682399
ER

PT J
AU Feroz-Nainar, C
   Selvaraj, P
   Roy, M
AF Feroz-Nainar, C
   Selvaraj, P
   Roy, M
TI Risperidone induced oedema in a child with learning disability and
   autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Article
EM doctorferoz@yahoo.co.uk
CR Baldassano CF, 1996, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V57, P422
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NR 8
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 308
EP 310
DI 10.1177/1362361306063302
PG 3
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000007
PM 16682401
ER

PT J
AU Matthews, V
AF Matthews, V
TI Being responsive: You and your child with autism
SO AUTISM
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 Islington PCT, London, England.
RP Matthews, V (reprint author), Islington PCT, London, England.
CR KEEN D, 2005, BEING YOU YOUR RESPO
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1362-3613
J9 AUTISM
JI Autism
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 311
EP 312
DI 10.1177/1362361306063305
PG 2
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 051VO
UT WOS:000238190000008
ER

PT J
AU Arndt, TL
   Chadman, KK
   Watson, DJ
   Tsang, V
   Rodier, PM
   Stanton, ME
AF Arndt, TL
   Chadman, KK
   Watson, DJ
   Tsang, V
   Rodier, PM
   Stanton, ME
TI Long delay eyeblink conditioning in autism
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 76
IS 5
MA 18
BP 323
EP 323
PG 1
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 048GS
UT WOS:000237936200019
ER

PT J
AU Herbert, MR
AF Herbert, MR
TI Autism: Parsing heterogeneity of causes and features
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 76
IS 5
MA S1
BP 342
EP 342
PG 1
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 048GS
UT WOS:000237936200052
ER

PT J
AU Briesacher, BA
   Orwig, D
   Seton, M
   Omar, M
   Kahler, KH
AF Briesacher, Becky A.
   Orwig, Denise
   Seton, Margaret
   Omar, Mohamed
   Kahler, Kristijan H.
TI Medical care costs of Paget's disease of bone in a privately insured
   population
SO BONE
LA English
DT Article
DE reelin; association; LD; PDT; autism
ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; MANIFESTATIONS; COMORBIDITIES; COMPLICATIONS;
   FRACTURES; FEATURES; THERAPY; ENGLAND; HEALTH
AB Introduction: Medical care costs are difficult to calculate in diseases such as Paget's disease because they have low detection rates and a wide range of clinical manifestations that commonly occur in aging patient populations.
   Materials and methods: Using 2001-2002 MarketScan Research databases, this study linked medical claims, prescription records, and encounter data on 2.8 million active and retired employees to create a longitudinal panel with 24 months of observation. Patients with Paget's disease were identified by ICD-9 code 731.0. Matched controls (MC) were identified through an exact match procedure using gender, age, and predicted Medicare costs estimated with a risk adjuster. Diagnostic and expenditure records were extracted for the sample and prevalence rates calculated for 20 conditions with well-documented associations to Paget's disease. Comorbidities and health care costs of Paget's disease patients were compared to those of the MCs, and the differences tested using Chi-square and t tests.
   Results: Our study identified 244 matched pairs. The average age was 72.7 years; 50.8% were female. Significantly higher comorbidities (P < 0.05) were detected in Paget's disease patients relative to MCs for: pathological fractures (4.9% vs. 0.4%), heart murmurs (3.3% vs. 0.4%), low back pain (19.7% vs. 8.6%), spinal stenosis (16.4% vs. 9.8%), and hearing loss (13.5% vs. 5.7%), respectively. Biannual per patient outpatient costs were significantly higher in Paget's disease patients (Paget's disease $9301 vs. MC $6339, P < 0.05), especially for services associated with physician visits and diagnostic tests. Prescription costs for antiresportive agents and analgesics were also higher (Paget's disease $1115 vs. MC $507, P < 0.05). Inpatient costs (Paget's disease $16,144 vs. MC $21.480) were comparable.
   Conclusion: This study is the first to describe the excessive costs of Paget's disease, based on known patterns of disease expression, evaluation, and treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Geriatr Med, Biotech 4, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02129 USA.
   Novartis Pharmaceut Corp, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA.
RP Briesacher, BA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Geriatr Med, Biotech 4, Suite 315,377 Plantat St, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
EM Becky.Briesacher@umassmed.edu; DORWIG@epi.umaryland.edu;
   margaret_seton@hms.harvard.edu; mohamed.omar@novartis.com;
   Kristijan.Kahler@novartis.com
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NR 34
TC 8
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 8756-3282
J9 BONE
JI Bone
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 38
IS 5
BP 731
EP 737
DI 10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.015
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 043PU
UT WOS:000237614400016
PM 16364708
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, LE
   Daly, E
   Toal, F
   Stevens, A
   Azuma, R
   Catani, M
   Ng, V
   van Amelsvoort, T
   Chitnis, X
   Cutter, W
   Murphy, DGM
   Murphy, KC
AF Campbell, LE
   Daly, E
   Toal, F
   Stevens, A
   Azuma, R
   Catani, M
   Ng, V
   van Amelsvoort, T
   Chitnis, X
   Cutter, W
   Murphy, DGM
   Murphy, KC
TI Brain and behaviour in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a
   volumetric and voxel-based morphometry MRI study
SO BRAIN
LA English
DT Article
DE velo-cardio-facial syndrome ( VCFS); 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ( 22qDS);
   voxel; based morphometry; behaviour; children
ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER;
   VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOME 22Q11; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE;
   SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; SYNDROME
   VCFS; ADULTS
AB In people with velo-cardio-facial syndrome [or 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS)], a single interstitial deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 causes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits ranging from global learning difficulties to specific cognitive deficits. People with 22qDS are also at high risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders in childhood, and schizophrenia in adolescence or adult life. However, the neurobiology of 22qDS, and the relationship between abnormalities in brain anatomy and behaviour, is poorly understood. Thus, we studied the neuroanatomy of 22qDS children using fully automated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and manually traced single region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Also, we investigated whether those brain regions that differed significantly between groups were related to behavioural differences within children with 22qDS. We compared the brain morphometry of 39 children and adolescents with 22qDS (mean age: 11 years, SD +/- 3, IQ = 67, SD +/- 10) and 26 sibling controls (mean age: 11 years, SD +/- 3, IQ = 102, SD +/- 12). Using VBM, we found, after correction for IQ, that individuals with 22qDS compared with controls had a significant reduction in cerebellar grey matter, and white matter reductions in the frontal lobe, cerebellum and internal capsule. Using single ROI analysis, we found that people with 22qDS had a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in bulk volume bilaterally in the occipital-parietal lobes, but a larger right caudate nucleus and lateral ventricles. Further, within people with 22qDS, there was a significant positive correlation between severity of (i) schizotypy score and grey matter volume of the temporo-occipital regions and the corpus striatum; (ii) emotional problems and grey matter volume of frontostriatal regions; and (iii) social behavioural difficulties and grey matter in frontostriatal regions. Thus, subjects with 22qDS have widespread changes in brain anatomy, particularly affecting white matter, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Also, within 22qDS, regionally specific differences in brain development may partially underpin behavioural differences. We suggest that there is preliminary evidence for specific vulnerability of the frontostriatal and cerebellar-cortical networks in 22qDS.
C1 Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 2, Ireland.
   Univ London Kings Coll, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England.
   Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Campbell, LE (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Jame Fletcher Hosp, Ctr Mental Hlth Studies, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia.
EM linda.e.campbell@newcastle.edu.au
RI daly, eileen/B-6716-2011; Murphy, Kieran/D-3577-2012; Catani,
   Marco/H-7801-2012; campbell, linda/C-6231-2013
OI campbell, linda/0000-0002-8872-9626
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NR 69
TC 100
Z9 101
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0006-8950
J9 BRAIN
JI Brain
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 129
BP 1218
EP 1228
DI 10.1093/brain/awl066
PN 5
PG 11
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 035JV
UT WOS:000236998000016
PM 16569671
ER

PT J
AU Koishi, S
   Yamamoto, K
   Matsumoto, H
   Koishi, S
   Enseki, Y
   Oya, A
   Asakura, A
   Aoki, Y
   Atsumi, M
   Iga, T
   Inomata, J
   Inoko, H
   Sasaki, T
   Nanba, E
   Kato, N
   Ishii, T
   Yamazaki, K
AF Koishi, S
   Yamamoto, K
   Matsumoto, H
   Koishi, S
   Enseki, Y
   Oya, A
   Asakura, A
   Aoki, Y
   Atsumi, M
   Iga, T
   Inomata, J
   Inoko, H
   Sasaki, T
   Nanba, E
   Kato, N
   Ishii, T
   Yamazaki, K
TI Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and autism: A
   family-based genetic association study in Japanese population
SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; serotonin transporter (5-HTT); serotonin transporter gene
   promoter polymorphism; transmission/disequilibrium test; ethnic
   differences
ID DISORDER; REGION; VARIANTS; LINKAGE; DISEQUILIBRIUM; 5-HTT
AB Autism is now widely accepted as a biological disorder which, by and large, starts before birth. It has been shown that serotonin (5-HT) is associated with several psychological processes and hyperserotoninemia is observed in some autistic patients. The results of previous reports about family-based association studies between the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene promoter polymorphism and autism are controversial. In this study, an analysis using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) between the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism and autism in 104 trios, all ethnically Japanese, showed no significant linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.17). Recently, it has been reported that some haplotypes at the serotonin transporter locus may be associated with the pathogenesis of autism. Therefore, further investigations by haplotype analyses are necessary to confirm the implications of genetic variants of the serotonin transporter in the etiology of autism. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Course Specialized Clin Sci, Dept Psychiat, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
   Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Life Sci, Isehara, Kanagawa 25911, Japan.
   Sodegaura Nobiro Gakuen, Chiba, Japan.
   Res Ctr Child Life, Tokyo, Japan.
   Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Tokyo, Japan.
   Tottori Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
RP Yamamoto, K (reprint author), Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Course Specialized Clin Sci, Dept Psychiat, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan.
EM key@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp; key@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
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NR 19
TC 11
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0387-7604
J9 BRAIN DEV-JPN
JI Brain Dev.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
IS 4
BP 257
EP 260
DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2005.09.003
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 031GO
UT WOS:000236692800008
PM 16481140
ER

PT J
AU King, GA
   Zwaigenbaum, L
   King, S
   Baxter, D
   Rosenbaum, P
   Bates, A
AF King, GA
   Zwaigenbaum, L
   King, S
   Baxter, D
   Rosenbaum, P
   Bates, A
TI A qualitative investigation of changes in the belief systems of families
   of children with autism or Down syndrome
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; Down syndrome; family; priorities; qualitative; world views
ID PARENTING STRESS; DISABILITIES; RESILIENCE; PERSPECTIVES; ADAPTATION;
   CHALLENGE; DISORDERS; COHERENCE; OUTCOMES; SENSE
AB There have been few reports of the world views, values and priorities of families of children with autism or Down syndrome, despite the fact that family belief systems are considered to be among the most important factors affecting the adaptation and resilience of families.
   Transcripts from three focus groups involving 19 key informants (15 parents of children with autism or Down syndrome, and 4 service providers) were analysed using qualitative methods.
   The themes indicated that raising a child with a disability can be a life-changing experience that spurs families to examine their belief systems. Parents can come to gain a sense of coherence and control through changes in their world views, values and priorities that involve different ways of thinking about their child, their parenting role, and the role of the family. Although parents may grapple with lost dreams, over time positive adaptations can occur in the form of changed world views concerning life and disability, and an appreciation of the positive contributions made by children to family members and society as a whole. Parents' experiences indicate the importance of hope and of seeing possibilities that lie ahead.
   The information from this study may be used to provide families with an advance understanding of the changes in beliefs that they might undergo, and assists service providers in providing individualized and family-centred services and supports to families.
C1 Thames Valley Childrens Ctr, London, ON N6C 5Y6, Canada.
   Chedoke Child & Family Ctr, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
   CanChild Ctr Childhood Disabil Res, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
   Parent Informant, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
RP King, GA (reprint author), Thames Valley Childrens Ctr, 779 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 5Y6, Canada.
EM gilliank@tvcc.on.ca
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NR 73
TC 49
Z9 53
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 3
BP 353
EP 369
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00571.x
PG 17
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 027DE
UT WOS:000236393100010
PM 16634980
ER

PT J
AU Renty, J
   Roeyers, H
AF Renty, J
   Roeyers, H
TI Satisfaction with formal support and education for children with autism
   spectrum disorder: the voices of the parents
SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE autism spectrum disorders; diagnosis; education; parental satisfaction
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; FOLLOW-UP;
   DISABILITIES; FAMILIES; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICE; MOTHERS; COMMUNICATION
AB The aim of the present study was to identify and describe factors associated with variations in the level of parental satisfaction with formal support and education for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Flanders.
   Participants were recruited by a mailing from a diagnostic centre for pre-schoolers and by advertisements dispersed in the Flemish parent organization for ASD and in services and special schools. The sample consisted of 244 parents of children with ASD (age range: 2.69-17.81 years, male/female sex ratio 4 : 1). The data were collected using a questionnaire on experiences with education and support, which was compiled for the purpose of this study. The data resulting from the questionnaire were supplemented with information obtained from semi-structured in-depth interviews with a stratified sample of 15 parents.
   The study revealed that parents experienced difficulties with the diagnostic process, with support and education provided by mainstream settings and with the accessibility of autism-specific service provisions. Conversely, parents reported to be satisfied with the quality of autism-specific support and education. Predictors of overall satisfaction were parental involvement in formal support, knowledge of available service provisions and time between first consultation and final diagnosis. Practical implications of the results are discussed.
C1 Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
RP Renty, J (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
EM Jo.Renty@UGent.be
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NR 37
TC 28
Z9 30
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1862
J9 CHILD CARE HLTH DEV
JI Child Care Health Dev.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 3
BP 371
EP 385
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00584.x
PG 15
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Pediatrics
GA 027DE
UT WOS:000236393100011
PM 16634981
ER

PT J
AU Tan, QR
   Wang, W
   Wang, HH
   Zhang, RG
   Guo, L
   Zhang, YH
AF Tan, QR
   Wang, W
   Wang, HH
   Zhang, RG
   Guo, L
   Zhang, YH
TI Treatment of catatonic stupor with combination of modified
   electroconvulsive treatment and olanzapine: A case report
SO CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE modified electroconvulsive treatment (MECT); olanzapine; catatonic
   stupor
ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; LORAZEPAM; THERAPY
AB This case report is about the combined use of modified electroconvulsive treatment and an atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine, in the treatment of a 20-year-old man with chronic and refractory catatonic stupor. This patient, with a preexisting diagnosis of autism, posturing, nonverbal communication, and contracture of lower extremities, displaying mutism, akinesia, and an extreme level of rigidity, waxy flexibility, and posturing, was diagnosed as with catatonic stupor. After hospitalization, the disease had progressed despite the treatment with an atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine. Modified electroconvulsive treatment together with olanzapine caused a dramatic clinical improvement. Follow-up outpatient treatment with olanzapine improved his social functions.
C1 Fourth Mil Med Univ, Xijing Hosp, Psychosomat Dept, Xian 710032, Peoples R China.
   Fourth Mil Med Univ, Dept Anat, Xian 710032, Peoples R China.
   Fourth Mil Med Univ, KK Leung Brain Res Ctr, Xian 710032, Peoples R China.
RP Tan, QR (reprint author), Fourth Mil Med Univ, Xijing Hosp, Psychosomat Dept, 17 W Changle Rd, Xian 710032, Peoples R China.
CR Bush G, 1996, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V93, P137, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09815.x
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   Martenuyi F, 2001, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V62, P25
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NR 10
TC 8
Z9 8
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0362-5664
J9 CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL
JI Clin. Neuropharmacol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 29
IS 3
BP 154
EP 156
DI 10.1097/01.WNF.0000220816.86478.84
PG 3
WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 050KG
UT WOS:000238085700009
PM 16772815
ER

PT J
AU Margutti, P
   Delunardo, F
   Ortona, E
AF Margutti, P
   Delunardo, F
   Ortona, E
TI Autoantibodies associated with psychiatric disorders
SO CURRENT NEUROVASCULAR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE endothelium; central nervous system; blood-brain barrier; autoantigens;
   autoirnmunity; drug abusers; schizophrenia; autism; post-streptococcal
   diseases; celiac disease; chronic fatigue syndrome
ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME;
   CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS;
   OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL AUTOANTIGENS; MYELIN
   BASIC-PROTEIN; RIBOSOMAL P-PROTEIN; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS;
   CELIAC-DISEASE
AB Growing evidence suggests that autoantibodies to neuronal or endothelial targets in psychiatric disorders exist and may be pathogenic. This review describes and discusses the possible role of autoantibodies related to the psychiatric manifestations in autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies related to the psychiatric disorders present in post-streptococcal diseases, celiac disease, chronic fatigue syndrome and substance abuse, and autoantibodies related to schizophrenia and autism, disorders now considered of autoimmune origin.
C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Malattie Infett Parassitaire & Immun, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
RP Ortona, E (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Malattie Infett Parassitaire & Immun, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
EM ortona@iss.it
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NR 106
TC 23
Z9 24
PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
PI SHARJAH
PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB
   EMIRATES
SN 1567-2026
J9 CURR NEUROVASC RES
JI Curr. Neurovasc. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 3
IS 2
BP 149
EP 157
DI 10.2174/156720206776875894
PG 9
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 052RO
UT WOS:000238251300008
PM 16719797
ER

PT J
AU Miniscalco, C
   Nygren, G
   Hagberg, B
   Kadesjo, B
   Gillberg, C
AF Miniscalco, C
   Nygren, G
   Hagberg, B
   Kadesjo, B
   Gillberg, C
TI Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at age 6 and
   7 years who screened positive for language problems at 30 months
SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; PRIMARY SPEECH; FOLLOW-UP;
   PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; SCHOOL; DELAY; DISABILITY; HACKNEY
AB We present a prospective study at school age of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of language delay suspected at child health screening around 30 months of age. In a community sample, 25 children (21 males, 4 females) screening positive and 80 children (38 males, 42 females) screening negative for speech and language problems at age 30 months were examined in detail for language disorders at age 6 years. The screen-positive children were then followed for another year and underwent in-depth neuropsychiatric examination by assessors blind to the results of previous testing. Detailed follow-up results at age 7 years were available for 21 children. Thirteen of these 21 children (62%) had a major neuropsychiatric diagnosis (autism, atypical autism, Asperger's syndrome, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), or combinations of these. Two further children (10%) had borderline IQ with no other major diagnosis. We conclude that children in the general population who screen positive for speech and language problems before age 3 years appear to be at very high risk of autism spectrum disorders or ADHD, or both, at 7 years of age. Remaining language problems at age 6 years strongly predict the presence of neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders at age 7 years.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Logoped & Phoniatr, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Miniscalco, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Logoped & Phoniatr, Box 452, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM carmela.miniscalco@vgregion.se
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NR 38
TC 43
Z9 44
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0012-1622
J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL
JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 48
IS 5
BP 361
EP 366
DI 10.1017/S0012162206000788
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 037UV
UT WOS:000237173900009
PM 16608544
ER

PT J
AU McIntosh, DN
   Reichmann-Decker, A
   Winkielman, P
   Wilbarger, JL
AF McIntosh, DN
   Reichmann-Decker, A
   Winkielman, P
   Wilbarger, JL
TI When the social mirror breaks: deficits in automatic, but not voluntary,
   mimicry of emotional facial expressions in autism
SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; IMITATION; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION;
   MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; SPECTRUM
AB Humans, infants and adults alike, automatically mimic a variety of behaviors. Such mimicry facilitates social functioning, including establishment of interpersonal rapport and understanding of other minds. This fundamental social process may thus be impaired in disorders such as autism characterized by socio-emotional and communicative deficits. We examined automatic and voluntary mimicry of emotional facial expression among adolescents and adults with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and a typical sample matched on age, gender and verbal intelligence. Participants viewed pictures of happy and angry expressions while the activity over their cheek and brow muscle region was monitored with electromyography (EMG). ASD participants did not automatically mimic facial expressions whereas the typically developing participants did. However, both groups showed evidence of successful voluntary mimicry. The data suggest that autism is associated with an impairment of a basic automatic social-emotion process. Results have implications for understanding typical and atypical social cognition.
C1 Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI USA.
RP McIntosh, DN (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, 2155 S Race St, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
EM dmcintos@du.edu
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NR 48
TC 159
Z9 165
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1363-755X
J9 DEVELOPMENTAL SCI
JI Dev. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 9
IS 3
BP 295
EP 302
DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00492.x
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental
SC Psychology
GA 034WW
UT WOS:000236962400011
PM 16669800
ER

PT J
AU Azzoni, A
   Raja, M
AF Azzoni, A.
   Raja, M.
TI A case of pervasive developmental disorder with chromosomal
   translocation (X;4) (p11;q13)
SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE
LA French
DT Article
DE chromosome; pervasive developmental disorder; translocation
ID AUTISM
AB Introduction. Chromosomal aberrations, with or without congenital physical abnormalities, have, been frequently found associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including mental retardation, psychosis, autism, and criminal behaviour. The meaning of the association frequently remains unclear. However, consistent, findings of association between specific chromosomal abnormalities and clinical phenotype may. provide evidence,:of a causal relationship and shed light on the pathogenesis of obscure disorders. Case-report. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old, Caucasian male affected by pervasive developmental disorder, associated with chromosomal translocation 46, XY, t,(X; 4) (p11; q13), and abnormal facial features. A few days after birth, the patient was taken a Way from his parents and adopted for.. unknown reasons. No information is available about his biological relatives Mild delay in the development of spoken language was reported. Since early childhood, the patient's behaviour was characterized by troublesome relationship with his parents and his fellows, and persistent violation of norms and rules at home and at school. Consequently, social and school functioning was poor. When he was eight, verbal and motor stereotypy appeared for the first time. As an adolescent, he was more and more aggressive. He exhibited countless episodes of rage and verbal and physical aggressiveness. After he had completed secondary school, his way of life was chaotic. He got into the habit of staying away from home; sleeping in the day and vagabonding at night He began to abuse alcohol. Grandiosity and persecutory delusions became evident. He claimed to hate the Vatican, the Pope, and the Polish people and to be the Devil, the Antichrist He feared that his food was poisoned by his mother and-refused to eat at home any more. He loved to remain in a cage with two wild dogs, accumulating and keeping bottles full of his urine. He often engaged in violent fights in the street with tramps and foreigners. Finally, he was involuntary admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit. He, was hostile, uncooperative, and violent Magnetic resonance imaging of brain was normal, Wechsler Adult Intelligence-Scale IQ score was 96 (total), 108 (verbal), 80 (non verbal), and Standard Progressive Matrices score was 44160, chromosomal examination [banding R (RBG)] revealed\ an apparently balanced translocation 46, XY, t (X; 4) (p11; q13). The patient was treated with risperidone (8 mg/day) and valproate (1500 2000 mg/day) with improvement Psychotic symptoms, hostility and violence vanished. Amazingly, his behaviour and attitude,became normal. Very early onset of symptoms, absence of negative signs, and dysmorphic features suggesting an underlying medical disease do not support the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Discussion. The diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified, could be made, considering the delay in the development of spoken language, the large discordance between verbal and non verbal WAIS IQ score, the presence, of stereotypy, abnormal facial features, and motor clumsiness. The late onset of symptoms precludes the diagnosis of autism, while the delay in language does not permit the diagnosis of Asperger's disorder. The lack of information on his biological relatives did not permit us to assess the presence of genetic, physical or mental abnormalities in his family. Therefore, the causal relationship between the chromosomal translocation and the psychiatric disorder is uncertain in this patient.
   Similar genetic abnormalities found in atients affected by neuropsychiatric, disorders could confirm an etiological link.
C1 Hop S Spirito Sassia, Psychiat Serv, Rome, Italy.
RP Azzoni, A (reprint author), Hop S Spirito Sassia, Psychiat Serv, Rome, Italy.
CR Auranen M, 2000, MOL PSYCHIATR, V5, P320, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4000708
   Nasr A, 2000, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V44, P170, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.00239.x
   Raja M, 2001, GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT, V23, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00155-4
   Ramanathan Subhadra, 2004, BMC Med Genet, V5, P10, DOI 10.1186/1471-2350-5-10
   Sabaratnam M, 2000, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V9, P307
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MASSON EDITEUR
PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9
PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE
SN 0013-7006
J9 ENCEPHALE
JI Enceph.-Rev. Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 32
IS 3
BP 325
EP 327
PN 1
PG 3
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 066TD
UT WOS:000239252100005
PM 16840925
ER

PT J
AU MacDonald, TT
AF MacDonald, Thomas T.
TI The significance of ileocolonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children
   with autistic spectrum disorder
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID REGRESSIVE AUTISM
C1 Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, London E1 2AT, England.
RP MacDonald, TT (reprint author), Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, England.
EM t.t.macdonald@qmul.ac.uk
CR Afzal N, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P939, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.4.939
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   Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
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   Wakefield AJ, 2000, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V95, P2285
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0954-691X
J9 EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT
JI Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 5
BP 569
EP 571
DI 10.1097/00042737-200605000-00023
PG 3
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 126AM
UT WOS:000243484600022
PM 16607159
ER

PT J
AU Wakefield, AJ
AF Wakefield, Andrew J.
TI The significance of ileocolonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children
   with autistic spectrum disorder - Reply
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID COMMON DIETARY PROTEINS; REGRESSIVE AUTISM; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS;
   CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ENTEROCOLITIS; DISEASE
C1 Thoughtful House Ctr Children Austin, Austin, TX 78746 USA.
RP Wakefield, AJ (reprint author), Thoughtful House Ctr Children Austin, 3003 Bee Caves Rd, Austin, TX 78746 USA.
EM wakersa@blueyonder.co.uk
CR Ashwood P, 2004, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V24, P664, DOI 10.1007/s10875-004-6241-6
   ASHWOOD P, 2006, IN PRESS NEUROIMMUNO
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   Furlano RI, 2001, J PEDIATR-US, V138, P366, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2001.111323
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   Murch SH, 2004, LANCET, V363, P750, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15715-2
   Torrente F, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, P375, DOI 10.1038/sj/mp/4001077
   Torrente F, 2004, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V99, P598, DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04142.x
   Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0
   Wakefield AJ, 2005, EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT, V17, P827, DOI 10.1097/00042737-200508000-00009
   Wakefield AJ, 2000, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V95, P2285
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0954-691X
J9 EUR J GASTROEN HEPAT
JI Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 18
IS 5
BP 571
EP 573
DI 10.1097/00042737-200605000-00024
PG 3
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA 126AM
UT WOS:000243484600023
ER

PT J
AU Chaabouni, M
   Merrer, M
   Raoul, O
   Prieur, M
   de Blois, MC
   Philippe, A
   Vekemans, M
   Romana, SP
AF Chaabouni, M.
   Le Merrer, M.
   Raoul, O.
   Prieur, M.
   de Blois, M. C.
   Philippe, A.
   Vekemans, M.
   Romana, S. P.
TI Molecular cytogenetic analysis of five 2q37 deletions: refining the
   brachydactyly candidate region
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE AHO-like phenotype; brachydactyly; chromosome 2q37 deletion
ID ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; TERMINAL DELETION; LONG ARM; CRYPTIC
   TRANSLOCATION; CLINICAL PHENOTYPE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; GLYPICAN-1 GENE;
   CHROMOSOME-2; AUTISM; 46,XY,DEL(2)(Q37)
AB Deletions of the 2q37 region are associated with a recognizable pattern of MCA/MR so-called the AHO-like syndrome. Brachydactyly is a variable but characteristic feature of this clinical entity. Here we report on five cases of cytogenetically visible de novo deletions of this 2q37 chromosome region. Using FISH, we characterized at the molecular level the breakpoints of these deletions using a set of 15 BACs, PACs and YACs. In four patients, terminal deletions of variable size ranged between 6.2 and 10 Mb. The fifth patient had an interstitial deletion with an AHO-like phenotype including brachydactyly. These findings when compared to previous observations allowed us to narrow down the brachydactyly critical region between BACs RP11-585E12 and RP11-351810. It contains HDAC4 and STK25 candidate genes loci. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
C1 Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Genet, F-75743 Paris 15, France.
   Fac Med Tunis, Dept Genet, Tunis, Tunisia.
RP Romana, SP (reprint author), Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Genet, 149 Rue Sevres, F-75743 Paris 15, France.
EM serge.romana@nek.ap-hop-paris.fr
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NR 27
TC 18
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1769-7212
J9 EUR J MED GENET
JI Eur. J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 49
IS 3
BP 255
EP 263
DI 10.1016/j.ejng.2005.07.001
PG 9
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 063CJ
UT WOS:000238993300006
PM 16762827
ER

PT J
AU Lepage, JF
   Theoret, H
AF Lepage, JF
   Theoret, H
TI EEG evidence for the presence of an action observation-execution
   matching system in children
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE action observation; children; mirror neurons; motor cortex; mu rhythm
ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; PREMOTOR
   CORTEX; HUMAN IMITATION; HUMAN INFANTS; ALPHA-RHYTHM; MU-RHYTHM;
   FACILITATION; PERCEPTION
AB In the adult human brain, passive observation of actions performed by others activates some of the same cortical areas that are involved in the execution of actions, thereby contributing to action recognition. This mechanism appears to occur through activation of a population of action-coding cells known as mirror neurons (MN). In the adult motor cortex, performing actions and observing human movement reduces the magnitude of the mu (8-13 Hz) rhythm, possibly reflecting MN system activity. Despite the wealth of information available regarding the adult MN system, little is known about its existence in children. Here, we used EEG to probe mu rhythm modulation in 15 children during observation and execution of hand actions. Our data show that mu rhythm attenuation occurs in children under 11 years old during observation of hand movements. Similarly to what has been reported in adults, observation of goal/object-orientated movement produces greater modulation of the mu rhythm than intransitive movement. These data confirm the existence of an observation-execution matching system in the immature human brain and may be of clinical value in the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with a faulty MN system, such as autism spectrum disorder.
RP Theoret, H (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada.
EM hugo.theoret@umontreal.ca
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NR 41
TC 75
Z9 76
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0953-816X
J9 EUR J NEUROSCI
JI Eur. J. Neurosci.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 23
IS 9
BP 2505
EP 2510
DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04769.x
PG 6
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 043LV
UT WOS:000237603500025
PM 16706857
ER

PT J
AU Darke, J
   Bushby, K
   Le Couteur, A
   McConachie, H
AF Darke, Joanne
   Bushby, Kate
   Le Couteur, Ann
   McConachie, Helen
TI Survey of behaviour problems in children with neuromuscular diseases
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE behaviour problems; muscular dystrophy; mental health; Autism spectrum
   disorder; unmet need; child disability
ID DUCHENNE MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; COMMUNICATION
   CHECKLIST; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; VERBAL DISABILITY; AUTISM; BOYS; STRESS;
   ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION
AB Previous research on clinic samples has suggested that children with neuromuscular diseases may be affected by mental health problems. The aim of this study was to establish the carer-reported prevalence of social, communication, and behavioural problems in middle childhood in a total population with neuromuscular diseases.
   From a target population of 111, 82 carers of children aged 5-13 years with a diagnosed neuromuscular disease living in the Northern Region of UK were interviewed about service utilisation and needs, and 66 completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire and Children's Communication Checklist.
   Two-fifths of children scored above the clinical cut-off on at least one questionnaire. These results were significantly higher than are reported for national and normally developing samples. Nine out of 82 had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Carers of children with problems reported significantly higher levels of unmet need.
   Behaviour, social and communication problems are common in children with neuromuscular diseases and Regional Neuromuscular Clinics should consider mental health screening and assessment. (C) 2006 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sch Clin Med Sci, Sir James Spence Inst, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Inst Human Genet, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sch Clin Med Sci, Sir James Spence Inst, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM h.r.mcconachie@ncl.ac.uk
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NR 39
TC 12
Z9 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1090-3798
J9 EUR J PAEDIATR NEURO
JI Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 3
BP 129
EP 134
DI 10.1016/j.ejpn.2006.04.004
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 072PC
UT WOS:000239684300004
PM 16766215
ER

PT J
AU O'Brien, LM
   Ziegler, DA
   Deutsch, CK
   Kennedy, DN
   Goldstein, JM
   Seidman, LJ
   Hodge, S
   Makris, N
   Caviness, V
   Frazier, JA
   Herbert, MR
AF O'Brien, LM
   Ziegler, DA
   Deutsch, CK
   Kennedy, DN
   Goldstein, JM
   Seidman, LJ
   Hodge, S
   Makris, N
   Caviness, V
   Frazier, JA
   Herbert, MR
TI Adjustment for whole brain and cranial size in volumetric brain studies:
   A review of common adjustment factors and statistical methods
SO HARVARD REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE adjustment factors; allometry; autism; brain morphometry; brain size;
   head size; macrocephaly; MRI; regional brain volumes; statistical
   methods; volumetrics
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; INTRACRANIAL
   VOLUME; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; AUTISM; EVOLUTION; CHILDREN; ADULTS; MRI; AGE
AB In this article we address analytic challenges inherent in brain volumetrics (i.e., the study of volumes of brains and brain regions). It has sometimes been assumed in the literature that deviations in regional brain size in clinical samples are directly related to maldevelopment or pathogenesis. However, this assumption may be incorrect; such volume differences may, instead, be wholly or partly attributable to individual differences in overall dimension (e.g., for head, brain, or body size). What quantitative approaches can be used to take these factors into account? Here, we provide a review of volumetric and nonvolumetric adjustment factors. We consider three examples of common statistical methods by which one can adjust for the effects of body, head, or brain size on regional volumetric measures: the analysis of covariance, the proportion, and the residual approaches. While the nature of the adjustment will help dictate which method is most appropriate, the choice is context sensitive, guided by numerous considerations-chiefly the experimental hypotheses, but other factors as well (including characteristic features of the disorder and sample size). These issues come into play in logically framing the assessment of putative abnormalities in regional brain volumes.
C1 Colby Coll, Waterville, ME 04901 USA.
   MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA USA.
   Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr Mental Retardat Inc, Belmont, MA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Cambridge Hlth Alliance, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Herbert, MR (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Morphometr Anal, 149 13th St 6th Fl, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.
RI Kennedy, David/H-3627-2012
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NR 63
TC 34
Z9 35
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1067-3229
J9 HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT
JI Harv. Rev. Psychiatr.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 14
IS 3
BP 141
EP 151
DI 10.1080/10673220600784119
PG 11
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 058XH
UT WOS:000238697400002
PM 16787886
ER

PT J
AU Seth, R
   Kalra, V
AF Seth, R
   Kalra, V
TI Autism in India
SO INDIAN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India.
RP Seth, R (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India.
EM kalra_veena@hotmail.com
CR Juneja M, 2005, INDIAN PEDIATR, V42, P453
   Kalra Veena, 2005, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, V72, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02859263
   Singhi P, 2001, Indian Pediatr, V38, P384
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INDIAN ACADEMY PEDIATRICS
PI NEW DELHI
PA MAULANA AZAD MEDICAL COLLEGE, DEPT PEDIATRICS, NEW DELHI, 110 002, INDIA
SN 0019-6061
J9 INDIAN PEDIATR
JI Indian Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
BP 456
EP 456
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 044XJ
UT WOS:000237706600017
PM 16735776
ER

PT J
AU Caldwell, P
AF Caldwell, Phoebe
TI Speaking the other's language: imitation as a egateway to relationship
SO INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Imitation and Socio-Emotional Process - Implications for
   Communicative Development Interventions
CY 2004
CL Leeds, ENGLAND
DE imitation; autism; intensive interaction; engagement; infancy; social
   interaction
AB Imitation offers a gateway to relationship. This paper seeks to explore that capacity by describing the therapeutic approach of 'Intensive Interaction'. The research literature on imitation contains relatively little about imitation used in an intervention capacity, concentrating instead on the emergence of imitative abilities during infant and child development. The paper therefore describes the case of a young man with severe autism, for whom Intensive Interaction was successful in bringing him into interpersonal engagement with others. The author provides an account as to why imitation should be so effective in this regard. Overall, the paper aims to stimulate questions about how imitation can best be conceived and studied. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RP Caldwell, P (reprint author), Beechstones Barn, Lancaster LA2 7LA, England.
EM Phoebecaldwell@btopenworld.com
CR BARRON J, 1992, THERES BOY IN THERE
   CALDWELL P, 2005, CROSSING MINEFIELD E
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NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1522-7227
J9 INFANT CHILD DEV
JI Infant Child Dev.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 3
BP 275
EP 282
DI 10.1002/icd.456
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 060DA
UT WOS:000238780900006
ER

PT J
AU Heimann, M
   Laberg, KE
   Nordoen, B
AF Heimann, Mikael
   Laberg, Kari E.
   Nordoen, Bodil
TI Imitative interaction increases social interest and elicited imitation
   in non-verbal children with autism
SO INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Imitation and Socio-Emotional Process - Implications for
   Communicative Development Interventions
CY 2004
CL Leeds, ENGLAND
DE autism; imitation; social interest
ID TO-FACE INTERACTION; DEFICITS
AB Recent studies indicate that being intensely imitated for a brief period of time increases social interest among children with autism. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend these findings. Twenty children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were randomly assigned to one of two interaction strategies: imitation (n = 10) or contingent (n = 10). The children had little or no functional speech, and their developmental age averaged 25 months (mean chronological age =6:5 years). Both conditions were presented with repeated sessions of a modified version of Nadel's 'still-face' paradigm (still-face/intervention/still-face/spontaneous play). The analysis revealed a significant increase of both proximal and distal social behaviours (touch and look at person) for the imitation condition, which confirms previous reports. In addition, an increase in elicited imitation, as measured with the PEP-R developmental assessment procedure, was also observed for children in the imitation condition, but not in the contingent condition. This finding extends earlier reports in that it suggests that the social expectancies unlocked by imitation also spread to tasks outside the experimental setting. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   Eikelund Resource Ctr, Bergen, Norway.
RP Heimann, M (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Behav Sci, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
EM mikael.heimann@ibv.liu.se
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NR 19
TC 17
Z9 17
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1522-7227
J9 INFANT CHILD DEV
JI Infant Child Dev.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 15
IS 3
BP 297
EP 309
DI 10.1002/icd.463
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 060DA
UT WOS:000238780900008
ER

PT J
AU Persson, C
   Niklasson, L
   Oskarsdottir, S
   Johansson, S
   Jonsson, R
   Soderpalm, E
AF Persson, C
   Niklasson, L
   Oskarsdottir, S
   Johansson, S
   Jonsson, R
   Soderpalm, E
TI Language skills in 5-8-year-old children with 22q11 deletion syndrome
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE 22q11 deletion syndrome; language impairment; narrative analysis;
   phonology; receptive vocabulary
ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOME 22Q11;
   FOLLOW-UP; SPEECH; DISORDERS; MICRODELETION; ADOLESCENCE; 4-YEAR-OLDS;
   PROFILES
AB Background: Language impairment and delayed language onset have been described, although not investigated in detail, in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome.
   Aims: To investigate different areas of language: the ability to retell a narrative, phonology, syntax and receptive vocabulary in a group of 5-8-year-old children with 22q11 deletion syndrome regardless of whether or not they had a history of speech and language difficulties. Gender differences were also investigated.
   Methods & Procedures: Nineteen consecutively referred children with 22q11 deletion syndrome, ten girls and nine boys, between the ages of 5 and 8 v-ears, participated in the study. The mean full-scale IQ of the group was 78. Six children had an autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or a combination of these. Three different language tests were used: (1) the Bus Story - a test of narrative speech and language; (2) an articulation test including all Swedish phonemes in different positions; and (3) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Revised (PPVT-R).
   Outcomes &.Results: All but two children had an information score in the retelling task of 1 SD below the population mean. A negative correlation between age and the information score implied that the older the children, the more severe the problems. One child had an average sentence length within the normal limits and five children had subordinate clauses within normal limits. A median of 4% of the utterances included grammatical errors. About 50% of the children had a complete consonant inventory. The phonological process analysis implied delayed rather than deviant development. The group had a moderately low score for receptive vocabulary.
   Conclusions: Language difficulties in all investigated areas of language were found. It is suggested that speech-language impairment is a common feature of 22q11 deletion syndrome. An implication of these results is that follow-ups of language skills are important not only for pre-school children, but also for school age children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome.
C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Logoped & Phoniatr, Sahlgrenska Acad, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Sahlgrenska Acad, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Pediat, Sahlgrenska Acad, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Univ Gothenburg, Dept Audiol, Sahlgrenska Acad, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Neurologoped, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Persson, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Logoped & Phoniatr, Sahlgrenska Acad, Box 452, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
EM christina.persson@logopedi.gu.se
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NR 51
TC 10
Z9 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1368-2822
J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS
JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 41
IS 3
BP 313
EP 333
DI 10.1080/13682820500361497
PG 21
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 047ML
UT WOS:000237883300005
PM 16702096
ER

PT J
AU Reynhout, G
   Carter, M
AF Reynhout, G
   Carter, M
TI Social Stories (TM) for children with disabilities
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Social Stories (TM); autism; Asperger's syndrome; behavior modification;
   social skills; special education
ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; QUANTITATIVE SYNTHESIS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
   AUTISM; INTERVENTION; STUDENTS; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIORS; VALIDITY;
   SKILLS
AB A review of the empirical research literature on Social Stories (TM) is presented, including a descriptive review and single-subject meta-analysis of appropriate studies. Examination of data suggests the effects of Social Stories (TM) are highly variable. Interpretations of extant studies are frequently confounded by inadequate participant description and the use of Social Stories (TM) in combination with other interventions. It is unclear whether particular components of Social Stories (TM) are central to their efficacy. Data on maintenance and generalization are also limited. Social Stories (TM) stand as a promising intervention, being relatively straightforward and efficient to implement with application to a wide range of behaviors. Further research is needed to determine the exact nature of their contribution and the components critical to their efficacy.
C1 Macquarie Univ, Sepcial Educ Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
RP Reynhout, G (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Sepcial Educ Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
EM reynhout@speced.sed.mq.edu.au
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NR 60
TC 52
Z9 52
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 445
EP 469
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0086-1
PG 25
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600002
PM 16755384
ER

PT J
AU Mandell, DS
   Cao, J
   Ittenbach, R
   Pinto-Martin, J
AF Mandell, DS
   Cao, J
   Ittenbach, R
   Pinto-Martin, J
TI Medicaid expenditures for children with autistic spectrum disorders:
   1994 to 1999
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism; medicaid; healthcare costs
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS-DISORDER;
   MENTAL-RETARDATION; PEDIATRICIANS ROLE; SERVICE DELIVERY;
   HEALTH-SERVICES; US CHILDREN; CARE; DIAGNOSIS; CLAIMS
AB This study used data from 1994 to 1999 from one large county in Pennsylvania to estimate the Medicaid expenditures of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to compare these expenditures with those of other Medicaid-eligible children. On average, children diagnosed with ASD had expenditures 10 times those of other children. Differences in expenditures were driven in large part by inpatient psychiatric care. Further research is required to determine whether hospitalized children could be served in less restrictive and less expensive settings. Lack of differences in ambulatory care expenditures suggests that children with ASD are not receiving additional primary care services that would be indicative of appropriately coordinated services as suggested by the medical home model.
C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Syst,Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Temple Univ, Dept Stat, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Div Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Hlth Syst,Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM mandelld@mail.med.upenn.edu
RI Mandelld, David/A-1044-2007; Mandell, David/H-2730-2012
OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X
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NR 56
TC 52
Z9 52
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 475
EP 485
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0088-z
PG 11
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600004
PM 16586155
ER

PT J
AU Ingersoll, B
   Schreibman, L
AF Ingersoll, B
   Schreibman, L
TI Teaching reciprocal imitation skills to young children with autism using
   a naturalistic behavioral approach: Effects on language, pretend play,
   and joint attention
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism; imitation; intervention; behavioral; social communication
ID SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; SYMBOLIC PLAY; COMMUNICATION; DELAY; SPECTRUM;
   DESIGNS; OBJECT
AB Children with autism exhibit significant deficits in imitation skills which impede the acquisition of more complex behaviors and socialization, and are thus an important focus of early intervention programs for children with autism. This study used a multiple-baseline design across five young children with autism to assess the benefit of a naturalistic behavioral technique for teaching object imitation. Participants increased their imitation skills and generalized these skills to novel environments. In addition, participants exhibited increases in other social-communicative behaviors, including language, pretend play, and joint attention. These results provide support for the effectiveness of a naturalistic behavioral intervention for teaching imitation and offer a new and potentially important treatment option for young children who exhibit deficits in social-communicative behaviors.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Ingersoll, B (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Psychol, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219 USA.
EM bri@lclark.edu
RI Ingersoll, Brooke/A-9117-2012
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NR 61
TC 91
Z9 94
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 487
EP 505
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0089-y
PG 19
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600005
PM 16568355
ER

PT J
AU Ludlow, AK
   Wilkins, AJ
   Heaton, P
AF Ludlow, AK
   Wilkins, AJ
   Heaton, P
TI The effect of coloured overlays on reading ability in children with
   autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism; colour perception; reading; academic achievement; coloured
   overlays
ID VISUAL DISCOMFORT; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MIGRAINE; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   CLASSROOM; EPILEPSY; FILTERS; LENSES; TRIAL
AB Abnormalities of colour perception in children with autistic spectrum disorders have been widely reported anecdotally. However, there is little empirical data linking difficulties in colour perception with academic achievement. The Wilkins Rate of Reading Test was administered with and without Intuitive Coloured Overlays to 19 children with autistic spectrum disorders and to the same number of controls individually matched for age and intelligence. Findings showed that 15 out of 19 (79%) children with autism showed an improvement of at least 5% in reading speed when using a coloured overlay. In contrast only 3 of 19 (16%) control group children showed such an improvement. The findings suggest that coloured overlays may provide a useful support for reading for children with autism.
C1 Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England.
   Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England.
RP Ludlow, AK (reprint author), Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England.
EM ps901akl@gold.ac.uk
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NR 53
TC 15
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 507
EP 516
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0090-5
PG 10
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600006
PM 16598434
ER

PT J
AU Kylliainen, A
   Hietanen, JK
AF Kylliainen, A
   Hietanen, JK
TI Skin conductance responses to another person's gaze in children with
   autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE high functioning autism; skin conductance responses; electrodermal
   activity; eye contact; gaze direction
ID EYE CONTACT; AUTONOMIC RESPONSES; INFANT SENSITIVITY; BEHAVIOR;
   PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; STIMULI; DIRECTION; LOOKING; INDIVIDUALS
AB The effects of another person's gaze on physiological arousal were investigated by measuring skin conductance responses (SCR). Twelve able children with autism and 12 control children were shown face stimuli with straight gaze (eye contact) or averted gaze on a computer monitor. In children with autism, the responses to straight gaze were stronger than responses to averted gaze, whereas there was no difference in the responses to these gaze conditions in normally developing children. Thus, these results showed that eye gaze elicited differential pattern of SCR in normally developing children and in children with autism. It is possible that the enhanced arousal to eye contact may contribute to the abnormal gaze behaviour frequently reported in the context of autism.
C1 Univ Tampere, Dept Psychol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
RP Kylliainen, A (reprint author), Univ Tampere, Dept Psychol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
EM anneli.kylliainen@uta.fi
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NR 63
TC 81
Z9 81
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 517
EP 525
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0091-4
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600007
PM 16555137
ER

PT J
AU Zalla, T
   Labruyere, N
   Georgieff, N
AF Zalla, Tiziana
   Labruyere, Nelly
   Georgieff, Nicolas
TI Goal-directed action representation in autism
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE action knowledge; sequencing errors; goal detection
ID FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX DAMAGE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM;
   CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; MIND; PERCEPTION; INTENTIONS; BEHAVIOR;
   IMPAIRMENTS
AB The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of individuals with autism to represent goal-directed behavioural actions. We compared the performance of subjects with autism (n=16), mentally retarded subjects (n=14) and normal healthy subjects (n=15) in a sequencing task consisted in arranging pictures of single events in their appropriate order so as to make coherent stories. Three types of actions were presented: (a) actions on objects; (b) actions on objects in a broader spatio-temporal context; (c) interactive actions. Autistic subjects were impaired in arranging sequences of actions on objects, as compared to both control groups. This impairment might contribute to explaining both executive deficits and difficulties in understanding others' behaviour in autism.
C1 Inst Cognit Sci, Bron, France.
RP Zalla, T (reprint author), Inst Jean Nicod, 1bis,Ave Lowendal, F-75007 Paris, France.
EM zalla@ext.jussieu.fr
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NR 60
TC 13
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 527
EP 540
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0092-3
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600008
PM 16568354
ER

PT J
AU Martin, SC
   Wolters, PL
   Smith, ACM
AF Martin, SC
   Wolters, PL
   Smith, ACM
TI Adaptive and maladaptive behavior in children with Smith-Magenis
   syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Smith-Magenis syndrome; adaptive functioning; social skills; IQ
ID INTELLIGENCE SCALE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SELF-INJURY; AUTISM; RELIABILITY;
   PROFILES; VALIDITY; DELETION; COMORBIDITY; PHENOTYPE
AB Children with Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) exhibit deficits in adaptive behavior but systematic studies using objective measures are lacking. This descriptive study assessed adaptive functioning in 19 children with SMS using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Maladaptive behavior was examined through parent questionnaires and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Cognitive functioning was evaluated with an age-appropriate test. Children scored below average on VABS Communication, Daily Living Skills, and Socialization scales. Learning problems and hyperactivity scales on the Conner's Parent Rating Scale were elevated, and girls were more impulsive than boys. Stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors were present in all children. Cognitive functioning was delayed and consistent with communication and daily living skills, while socialization scores were higher than IQ.
C1 NCI, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Med Illness Counseling Ctr, Chevy Chase, MD USA.
   NHGRI, Med Genet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Martin, SC (reprint author), NCI, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, 9030 Old Georgetown Rd 107, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM martins@mail.nih.gov
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NR 44
TC 25
Z9 26
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 541
EP 552
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0093-2
PG 12
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600009
PM 16570214
ER

PT J
AU Kunihira, Y
   Senju, A
   Dairoku, H
   Wakabayashi, A
   Hasegawa, T
AF Kunihira, Y
   Senju, A
   Dairoku, H
   Wakabayashi, A
   Hasegawa, T
TI 'Autistic' traits in non-autistic japanese populations: Relationships
   with personality traits and cognitive ability
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ); general population; personality;
   depression; anxiety; cognitive ability
ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; WEAK CENTRAL
   COHERENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FAMILY HISTORY; MIND;
   PHENOTYPE; PARENTS; ADULTS
AB We explored the relationships between 'autistic' traits as measured by the AQ (Autism-Spectrum Quotient; Baron-Cohen et al., J. Autism Develop. Disord. (2001b) 31 5) and various personality traits or cognitive ability, which usually coincide with autistic symptoms, for general populations. Results showed the AQ was associated with tendencies toward an obsessional personality as defined by the TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory), higher depression and anxiety, and higher frequency of experience of being bullied. These results parallel the patterns in autism and corroborate the validity of the AQ for general populations. Contrary to our prediction, however, there was no relationship between the AQ and cognitive ability, such as theory of mind, executive functioning, and central coherence, suggesting the AQ does not reflect autism-specific cognitive patterns in general populations.
C1 Univ Tokyo, Meguro Ku, Dept Cognit & Behav Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan.
   Univ London, Dept Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London, England.
   Musashino Univ, Fac Human Studies, Tokyo, Japan.
   Univ Tsukuba, Inst Disabil Sci, Ibaraki, Japan.
   Chiba Univ, Fac Letters, Chiba, Japan.
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EM yurayura@darwin.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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NR 55
TC 39
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 553
EP 566
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0094-1
PG 14
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600010
PM 16602034
ER

PT J
AU Gevers, C
   Clifford, P
   Mager, M
   Boer, F
AF Gevers, C
   Clifford, P
   Mager, M
   Boer, F
TI Brief report: A theory-of-mind-based social-cognition training program
   for school-aged children with pervasive developmental disorders: An open
   study of its effectiveness
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AUTISM; PERFORMANCE; ABILITIES; BELIEFS
C1 AMC, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-1100 AL Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Acad Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Gevers, C (reprint author), AMC, Dept Child Adol Psychiat Bascule, POB 12474, NL-1100 AL Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM c.gevers@debascule.com
CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th
   Baron-Cohen S, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P880
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NR 21
TC 14
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 567
EP 571
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0095-0
PG 5
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600011
PM 16586154
ER

PT J
AU Fitzgerald, M
   Bellgrove, MA
AF Fitzgerald, M
   Bellgrove, MA
TI The overlap between alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
LA English
DT Letter
ID SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DISORDER; PATIENT
C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 2, Ireland.
   Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Psychol, Dublin 2, Ireland.
   Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Inst Neurosci, Dublin 2, Ireland.
RP Fitzgerald, M (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 2, Ireland.
EM fitzi@iol.ie
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NR 29
TC 21
Z9 21
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0162-3257
J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD
JI J. Autism Dev. Disord.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 36
IS 4
BP 573
EP 576
DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0096-z
PG 4
WC Psychology, Developmental
SC Psychology
GA 050PO
UT WOS:000238100600012
PM 16755385
ER

PT J
AU Yirmiya, N
   Gamliel, I
   Pilowsky, T
   Feldman, R
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Sigman, M
AF Yirmiya, N
   Gamliel, I
   Pilowsky, T
   Feldman, R
   Baron-Cohen, S
   Sigman, M
TI The development of siblings of children with autism at 4 and 14 months:
   social engagement, communication, and cognition
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; siblings; still face; synchrony; mother-child interaction;
   language; nonverbal communication; broad phenotype; joint attention
ID TO-FACE INTERACTION; MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTION; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE;
   STILL-FACE; JOINT ATTENTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER;
   EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; FAMILY HISTORY
AB Aims: To compare siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) and siblings of children with typical development (SIBS-TD) at 4 and 14 months of age. Methods: At 4 months, mother-infant interactional synchrony during free play, infant gaze and affect during the still-face paradigm, and infant responsiveness to a name-calling paradigm were examined (n = 21 in each group). At 14 months, verbal and nonverbal communication skills were examined as well as cognition (30 SIBS-A and 31 SIBS-TD). Results: Most SIBS-A were functioning as well as the SIBS-TD at 4 and 14 months of age. However, some differences in early social engagement and later communicative and cognitive skills emerged. Synchrony was weaker in the SIBS-A dyads, but only for infant-led interactions. Infant SIBS-A revealed more neutral affect during the still-face procedure and were less upset by it than was true for the SIBS-TD. A surprising result was that significantly more SIBS-A responded to their name being called by their mothers compared to SIBS-TD. At 14 months, SIBS-A made fewer nonverbal requesting gestures and achieved lower language scores on the Bayley Scale. Six SIBS-A revealed a language delay of 5 months and were responsible for some of the significant differences between SIBS-A and SIBS-TD. Furthermore, infant SIBS-A who showed more neutral affect to the still face and were less able to respond to their name being called by their mothers initiated fewer nonverbal joint attention and requesting behaviors at 14 months, respectively. Discussion: Focused on the genetic liability for the broad phenotype of autism as well as the possible influence of having a sibling with autism.
C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Educ, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, Ramat Gan, Israel.
   Bar Ilan Univ, Gonda Brain Sci Ctr, Ramat Gan, Israel.
   Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
   Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Mt Scopus, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM NuritYirmiya@huji.ac.il
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NR 79
TC 117
Z9 120
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 5
BP 511
EP 523
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01528.x
PG 13
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 031XJ
UT WOS:000236738200010
PM 16671934
ER

PT J
AU Prior, M
AF Prior, M
TI Autism and blindness: research and reflections
SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Book Review
CR Pring L., 2005, AUTISM BLINDNESS RES
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9630
J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC
JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 47
IS 5
BP 533
EP 533
DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01548.x
PG 1
WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Psychology; Psychiatry
GA 031XJ
UT WOS:000236738200014
ER

PT J
AU Edwards, DJ
   Chugani, DC
   Chugani, HT
   Chehab, J
   Malian, M
   Aranda, JV
AF Edwards, DJ
   Chugani, DC
   Chugani, HT
   Chehab, J
   Malian, M
   Aranda, JV
TI Pharmacokinetics of Buspirone in autistic children
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Buspirone; pediatrics; pharmacokinetics; gender; autism
ID EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS; SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; ANXIETY
   DISORDER; PHARMACODYNAMICS; VERAPAMIL; CYCLOSPORINE; DISPOSITION;
   METABOLITE; MIDAZOLAM
AB Buspirone is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder in children and may be useful in developmental disorders in which brain serotonin synthesis is altered. Autistic children (13 boys, 7 girls) were given a single oral dose of 2-5 mg (2-3 years) or 5.0 mg (4-6 years). Blood was collected for 8 hours, and plasma was assayed for buspirone and its metabolite 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP). The peak concentration of buspirone averaged 1141 +/- 748 pg/mL with a lime to maximum concentration of 0.8 hours. Half-life was 1.6 +/- 0.3 hours. Peak concentrations of 1-PP were 4.5-fold higher than for buspirone. Girls hod higher peak concentrations (1876 vs 746 pg/mL) for buspirone and a lower peak 1-PP/buspirone concentration ratio. These results suggest that buspirone is rapidly absorbed and eliminated in young children with extensive metabolism to 1-PP. Plasma concentrations with 2.5- to 5.0-mg doses were similar to those observed in older children receiving 7.5- to 15-mg doses.
C1 Wayne State Univ, Eugene Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Michigan, Div Clin Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Michigan, PET Ctr, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Michigan, Dept Pharm Serv, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
   NICHD, Pediat Pharmacol Res Unit Network, Detroit, MI USA.
RP Edwards, DJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Eugene Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
EM dje@wayne.edu
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NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0091-2700
J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL
JI J. Clin. Pharmacol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 46
IS 5
BP 508
EP 514
DI 10.1177/0091270006286903
PG 7
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 036GG
UT WOS:000237059000002
PM 16638734
ER

PT J
AU McCleery, JP
   Tully, L
   Slevc, LR
   Schreibman, L
AF McCleery, JP
   Tully, L
   Slevc, LR
   Schreibman, L
TI Consonant production patterns of young severely language-delayed
   children with autism
SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MENTALLY-RETARDED SUBJECTS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT;
   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; SPEECH; AGE;
   INTERVENTION; CHILDHOOD
AB While much attention has been given to documenting the language skills of verbal children with autism, the basic speech sound development patterns of severely language-impaired children with autism are unknown. Previous research has shown that certain consonants are generally produced earlier in development than other consonants, both in typically developing children and in children with language-learning impairments. While several large studies indicate that children with autism who have strong verbal skills have intact phonological development, there is some evidence that children with autism who are more severely language impaired may have abnormal phonological production. This study documents the speech sound development of non-verbal and minimally verbal children with autism. Prompts were administered for each individual speech sound while spontaneous and imitated sounds were recorded and scored. Results indicate that children with autism show the same general speech sound production patterns as typically developing and language-learning impaired children.
   Learning outcomes: Individuals who read this manuscript will obtain information regarding: (1) normal phonological development, (2) a comparison of speech sound production of a group of 14 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder with the production of a group of 10 typically developing children, and (3) comparisons of imitated and spontaneous sound production of the children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol 0109, Autism Res Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Language Product Lab, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP McCleery, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol 0109, Autism Res Lab, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM jmccleery@psy.ucsd.edu
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NR 37
TC 10
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0021-9924
J9 J COMMUN DISORD
JI J. Commun. Disord.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 39
IS 3
BP 217
EP 231
DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.12.002
PG 15
WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation
GA 044HR
UT WOS:000237663500005
PM 16480738
ER

PT J
AU Potts, M
   Bellows, B
AF Potts, M
   Bellows, B
TI Autism and diet
SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bellows, B (reprint author), 314 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM bbellows@berkeley.edu
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NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0143-005X
J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H
JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 60
IS 5
BP 375
EP 375
DI 10.1136/jech.2005.040261
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 032RO
UT WOS:000236792400002
PM 16614324
ER

PT J
AU Kerr, AM
   Archer, HL
   Evans, JC
   Prescott, RJ
   Gibbon, F
AF Kerr, AM
   Archer, HL
   Evans, JC
   Prescott, RJ
   Gibbon, F
TI People with MECP2 mutation-positive Rett disorder who converse
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; MECP2; Rett; speech; severity
ID X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; AUTISM; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; FEATURES;
   FEMALES; MODEL; GENE
AB Background People with useful speech after regression constitute a distinct group of those with mutation-positive Rett disorder, 6% (20/331) reported among mutation-positive people in the British Survey. We aimed to determine the physical, mental and genetic characteristics of this group and to gain insight into their experience of Rett syndrome.
   Methods Clinical and molecular data for people with Rett, aged 10 or more years at follow-up (the study group, n = 13), with the ability to converse and a MECP2 mutation are presented. They were compared with an age-matched control group (n = 110), who could not converse and had a pathogenic MECP2 mutation.
   Results The study group differed significantly from the control group with regard to their disease severity (P < 0.001); feeding difficulty scores (P < 0.001); health scores (P < 0.001); epilepsy (P < 0.001); head circumference (P < 0.004); age at onset of the regression period (P < 0.001) (six in the study group did not regress) and mutation frequency (C-terminal deletions P = 0.014, R133C P < 0.006). The results indicate that favourable skewing of X-inactivation is only present in a small proportion of mild cases. Speech was fragmented with a soft, breathless quality, and all but two had obviously irregular breathing. One person with an R168X mutation preferred signing to speech. All enjoyed interpersonal contact, showing affection and preferring people to objects, clearly distinguishing the condition from autism. Most were habitually anxious. Music was a source of pleasure and relaxation also providing a valuable educational asset. Even in these most able cases, understanding was severely restricted in most and little initiative was shown.
   Conclusions While the Rett profile is present in these people they are commonly not classic, and the presence of speech, good head growth and lack of regression may lead to missed diagnoses. A strong association was demonstrated between this milder form of the disease and R133C and C-terminal deletions.
C1 Cardiff Univ, Inst Med Genet, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales.
   Univ Glasgow, Dept Med Psychol, Gartnavel Royal Hosp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
   Univ Edinburgh, Med Stat Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   Univ Wales Hosp, Cardiff, Wales.
RP Archer, HL (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Inst Med Genet, Heath Pk, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales.
EM archerhl@cardiff.ac.uk
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NR 33
TC 22
Z9 22
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0964-2633
J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES
JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 50
BP 386
EP 394
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00786.x
PN 5
PG 9
WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry;
   Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences &
   Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation
GA 038MT
UT WOS:000237226600007
PM 16629931
ER

PT J
AU Talebizadeh, Z
   Lam, DY
   Theodoro, MF
   Bittel, DC
   Lushington, GH
   Butler, MG
AF Talebizadeh, Z
   Lam, DY
   Theodoro, MF
   Bittel, DC
   Lushington, GH
   Butler, MG
TI Novel splice isoforms for NLGN3 and NLGN4 with possible implications in
   autism
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ALLELIC VARIATION; NEUROLIGIN GENES; EF-HAND;
   MUTATIONS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INACTIVATION; NEUREXINS; RECEPTOR;
   BINDING
AB Objective: To screen cDNA for NLGN3 and NLGN4 from lymphoblastoid cells from autistic subjects.
   Methods and results: 10 young autistic females and 30 nonautistic subjects were studied for alterations in two X linked genes, NLGN3 and NLGN4. A novel NLGN4 isoform lacking exon 4, which occurred de novo on the paternal allele, was identified in one of the autistic females. Monoallelic expression of NLGN4 was seen in this subject and in 11 of 14 informative autistic and non-autistic females using a single nucleotide polymorphism found at 39 UTR. Additionally, the NLGN3 transcript was present in two isoforms (with and without exon 7) in nine of 10 autistic females and in 30 non-autistic subjects, including parents of the autistic female having only the complete transcript with exon 7, and from the whole brain of a control. The novel truncated NLGN3 product may have a regulatory role, as reported in other proteins (for example, vasopressin receptor) by attenuating the function of the full length isoform, resulting in a reduction of the mature protein. Three dimensional protein structures were characterised using comparative modelling, and significant changes were suggested in the protein cores for these two neuroligin isoforms.
   Conclusions: Splice variants may lead to potentially abnormal neuroligins in the causation of autism spectrum disorders.
C1 Univ Missouri, Sect Med Genet & Mol Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Sch Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA.
   Univ Kansas, Mol Graph & Modeling Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
RP Butler, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sect Med Genet & Mol Med, Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Sch Med, 2401 Gilham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA.
EM mgbutler@cmh.edu
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NR 31
TC 83
Z9 85
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
AR e21
DI 10.1136/jmg.2005.036897
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 037JX
UT WOS:000237144100019
PM 16648374
ER

PT J
AU Vincent, JB
   Horike, SI
   Choufani, S
   Paterson, AD
   Roberts, W
   Szatmari, P
   Weksberg, R
   Fernandez, B
   Scherer, SW
AF Vincent, JB
   Horike, SI
   Choufani, S
   Paterson, AD
   Roberts, W
   Szatmari, P
   Weksberg, R
   Fernandez, B
   Scherer, SW
TI An inversion inv(4)(p12-p15.3) in autistic siblings implicates the 4p
   GABA receptor gene cluster
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBUNIT GENES; ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE; DISORDER; EXPRESSION; FAMILY
AB Introduction: We describe the case of two brothers diagnosed with autism who both carry a paracentic inversion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (46, XY, inv(4)(p12-p15.3)). We have determined that this inversion is inherited from an apparently unaffected mother and unaffected maternal grandfather.
   Methods/Results: Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis and Southern blot hybridisation we identified the breakpoints. The proximal breakpoint (4p12) maps to a region containing a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor genes, and directly interrupts the GABRG1 gene, the distal-most gene of the cluster. We also identified an insertion/deletion polymorphism for a similar to 2 kb LINE1 (L1) element that occurs within intron 7 of GABRG1. Our genotype analysis amongst autism families indicated that the L1 deletion allele did not show increased transmission to affected individuals. No linkage disequilibrium was evident between the L1 and single nucleotide polymorphisms in adjacent GABA(A) receptor genes on 4p, where a recent study has identified significant association with autism.
   Discussion: Despite this, the identification of an inversion breakpoint disrupting GABRG1 provides solid support for the genetic involvement of the short arm of chromosome 4 in the genetic aetiology of autism, and for the hypothesis of disrupted GABA neurotransmission in autism.
C1 Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
   Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Neurogenet Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   Hosp Sick Children, Autism Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
   McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
   Hosp Sick Children, Div Clin & Metab Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
   Mem Univ Newfoundland, Discipline Genet, Hlth Sci Ctr, St John, NF, Canada.
RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
EM swscherer@sickkids.ca
RI Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011; Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer,
   Stephen /B-3785-2013
OI Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X; Scherer, Stephen
   /0000-0002-8326-1999
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NR 26
TC 26
Z9 27
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0022-2593
J9 J MED GENET
JI J. Med. Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 43
IS 5
BP 429
EP 434
DI 10.1136/jmg.2005.039693
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 037JX
UT WOS:000237144100009
PM 16556609
ER

PT J
AU Afzal, MA
   Ozoemena, LC
   O'Hare, A
   Kidger, KA
   Bentley, ML
   Minor, PD
AF Afzal, MA
   Ozoemena, LC
   O'Hare, A
   Kidger, KA
   Bentley, ML
   Minor, PD
TI Absence of detectable measles virus genome sequence in blood of autistic
   children who have had their MMR vaccination during the routine childhood
   immunization schedule of UK
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE real-time quantitative RT-PCR; measles virus; autism
ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; RUBELLA VACCINE; MUMPS; PCR; DISORDER;
   ASSAY; GENE; RNA
AB Leukocyte preparations from children with documented evidence of MMR vaccination and confirmed diagnosis of autism were examined by several assays designed to target multiple regions of the measles virus genome sequence. No sample was found positive by any method. The assays applied were highly sensitive, specific and robust in nature, and were based on the amplification of measles virus RNA transcripts by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) as well as by conventional RT-PCR-nested PCR. The assays applied were potentially able to detect measles virus RNA down to single figure copy numbers per reaction. The amount of total nucleic acid extract of leukocytes subjected to various measles virus-specific investigations was several fold higher than minimally required of a sample where measles virus persistence is well documented. This study failed to substantiate reports of the persistence of measles virus in autistic children with development regression. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
   Univ Edinburgh, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Afzal, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, Blanche Lane S Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
EM mafzal@nibsc.ac.uk
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NR 21
TC 27
Z9 27
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0146-6615
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 78
IS 5
BP 623
EP 630
DI 10.1002/jmv.20585
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 030TH
UT WOS:000236657000014
PM 16555271
ER

PT J
AU Tonge, B
   Brereton, A
   Kiomall, M
   Mackinnon, A
   King, N
   Rinehart, N
AF Tonge, B
   Brereton, A
   Kiomall, M
   Mackinnon, A
   King, N
   Rinehart, N
TI Effects on parental mental health of an education and skills training
   program for parents of young children with autism: A randomized
   controlled trial
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; parents; early intervention
ID FAMILY ASSESSMENT DEVICE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INTERVENTION;
   DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; MOTHERS; FUTURE
AB Objective: To determine the impact of a parent education and behavior management intervention (PEBM) on the mental health and adjustment of parents with preschool children with autism. Method: A randomized, group-comparison design involving a parent education and counseling intervention to control for nonspecific therapist effects and a control sample was used. Two metropolitan and two rural regions were randomly allocated to intervention groups (n = 70) or control (n = 35). The parents of consecutive children with autism (2(1)/(2)-5 years old) from the autism assessment services for the intervention regions were then randomly allocated to either a 20-week manual-based parent education and behavior management intervention (n = 35) or a manual-based parent education and counseling intervention (n = 35). The main outcome measure of parental mental health was the General Health Questionnaire used pre- and postintervention and at 6-month follow-up. Results: Both treatments resulted in significant and progressive improvement in overall mental health at follow-up (F = 2, 97, p = .007) and mental health significantly improved over time in the 54% of principal caregivers who had the highest levels of mental health problems. The parent education and behavior management intervention was effective in alleviating a greater percentage of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms and family dysfunction than parent education and counseling at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A 20-week parent education and skills training program for parents of young children newly diagnosed with autism provides significant improvements in parental mental health and adjustment, justifying its addition to early intervention programs at least for parents with mental health problems.
C1 Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
   Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
   Australian Natl Univ, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
RP Brereton, A (reprint author), Monash Univ, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Monash Med Ctr, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
EM avril.brereton@med.monash.edu.au
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NR 34
TC 76
Z9 76
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0890-8567
J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY
JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 45
IS 5
BP 561
EP 569
DI 10.1097/01.chi.0000205701.48324.26
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry
GA 036TM
UT WOS:000237098400007
PM 16670650
ER

PT J
AU Mostofsky, SH
   Dubey, P
   Jerath, VK
   Jansiewicz, EM
   Goldberg, MC
   Denckla, MB
AF Mostofsky, SH
   Dubey, P
   Jerath, VK
   Jansiewicz, EM
   Goldberg, MC
   Denckla, MB
TI Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with
   autism spectrum disorders
SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE praxis; apraxia; motor skills; imitation; gesture; Asperger's
ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CORTICOBASAL
   DEGENERATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA; MOTOR IMPAIRMENT;
   LIMB APRAXIA; TASK DEMANDS; DEFICITS; BEHAVIOR
AB Impaired imitation of skilled gestures is commonly reported in autism. Questions, however, remain as to whether impaired imitation is associated with a more generalized deficit in performance of gestures consistent with a dyspraxia and whether the pattern of errors differs from that observed in typically developing children. To address these questions, praxis in 21 high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was compared with 24 typically developing controls using a traditional approach in which performance was evaluated through detailed examination of error types. Children with ASD produced significantly fewer correct responses not only during Gesture to Imitation, but also during Gesture to Command and with Tool Use. The pattern of errors in ASD was similar to that of controls with spatial errors being most common in both groups; however, body-part-for-tool errors were more common in children with ASD, suggesting dyspraxia is not entirely attributable to motor deficits. The findings suggest that autism is associated with a generalized praxis deficit, rather than a deficit specific to imitation. In a developmental disorder such as autism, the findings may reflect abnormalities in frontal/parietal-subcortical circuits important for acquisition (i.e., learning) of sensory representations of movement and/or the motor sequence programs necessary to execute them.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Cognit Neurol, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, FM Kirby Res Ctr, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
RP Mostofsky, SH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Cognit Neurol, Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM mostofsky@kennedykrieger.org
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NR 72
TC 63
Z9 63
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 1355-6177
J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC
JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 12
IS 3
BP 314
EP 326
DI 10.1017/S1355617706060437
PG 13
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 046PP
UT WOS:000237823800002
PM 16903124
ER

PT J
AU Insel, TR
AF Insel, TR
TI From species differences to individual differences
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID AUTISM; AVPR1A
C1 NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Insel, TR (reprint author), NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM tinsel@mail.nih.gov
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NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 11
IS 5
BP 424
EP 424
DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001826
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 036FX
UT WOS:000237057800001
PM 16636689
ER

PT J
AU Yirmiya, N
   Rosenberg, C
   Levi, S
   Salomon, S
   Shulman, C
   Nemanov, L
   Dina, C
   Ebstein, RP
AF Yirmiya, N
   Rosenberg, C
   Levi, S
   Salomon, S
   Shulman, C
   Nemanov, L
   Dina, C
   Ebstein, RP
TI Association between the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) gene
   and autism in a family-based study: mediation by socialization skills
SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Article
DE autism; arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a); candidate gene;
   transmission disequilibrium; social adjustment; polymorphism
ID POLYMORPHISMS; BEHAVIOR; MICROSATELLITE; PROMOTER; TESTS
AB We examined three microsatellites in the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor gene (AVPR1a), two in the promoter region (RS1 and RS3) and an intronic microsatellite (AVR), for association with autism as well as scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-Generic (ADOS-G), measures that are widely used to diagnose autism spectrum disorders. We tested for association between the AVPR1a microsatellites and autism in 116 families (128 probands diagnosed with the ADI-R and ADOS-G using a family-based association test (UNPHASED)). Testing each individual microsatellite showed significant transmission disequilibrium in these families with the AVR intronic microsatellite (UNPHASED: LRS = 11.46, global P-value = 0.009, df = 3). Haplotype analysis of three microsatellites also showed significant association (LRS = 144.94, df = 103, global P = 0.004). Additionally, significant association is observed between these three microsatellite haplotypes and the VABS scores (P = 0.009), with the ADI-R (P = 0.009) and the ADOS-G (P = 0.0000765) diagnoses of autistic disorder versus pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) that were available for 47 of these probands. This is the third consecutive report of an association between the AVPR1a gene and autism spectrum disorders and in the current study a third microsatellite is shown to be associated with autism spectrum disorders as well as haplotypes consisting of all three markers. Importantly, the association appears to be mainly mediated by the role of the AVPR1a gene in shaping socialization skills, similar to its role in lower vertebrates.
C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Scheinfeld Ctr Human Genet Social Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   S Herzog Mem Hosp, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Child Psychiat, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Social Work, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
   Inst Biol, Lille, France.
RP Ebstein, RP (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Scheinfeld Ctr Human Genet Social Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM ebstein@mscc.huji.ac.il
RI Dina, Christian/D-3535-2015
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NR 27
TC 111
Z9 115
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1359-4184
J9 MOL PSYCHIATR
JI Mol. Psychiatr.
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PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 036FX
UT WOS:000237057800008
PM 16520824
ER

PT J
AU Goswami, U
AF Goswami, U
TI Neuroscience and education: from research to practice?
SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
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DT Review
ID DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; NEURAL MECHANISMS; BRAIN
   RESPONSES; CHILDREN; NUMBER; AMYGDALA; SYSTEMS; AUTISM; DIFFICULTIES
C1 Univ Cambridge, Ctr Neurosci Educ, Cambridge CB2 2PQ, England.
RP Goswami, U (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Ctr Neurosci Educ, 184 Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 2PQ, England.
EM ucg10@cam.ac.uk
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NR 62
TC 113
Z9 113
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1471-0048
J9 NAT REV NEUROSCI
JI Nat. Rev. Neurosci.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 7
IS 5
BP 406
EP 411
DI 10.1038/nrn1907
PG 7
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 036LM
UT WOS:000237072600018
PM 16607400
ER

PT J
AU Herbert, MR
AF Herbert, MR
TI Autism: Parsing heterogeneity of causes and features
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 28
IS 3
BP 413
EP 413
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 056JW
UT WOS:000238519900015
ER

PT J
AU Albertini, G
   Polito, E
   Sara, M
   Di Gennaro, G
   Onorati, P
AF Albertini, G
   Polito, E
   Sara, M
   Di Gennaro, G
   Onorati, P
TI Compulsive masturbation in infantile autism treated by mirtazapine
SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB This case report describes a child with a severe autistic syndrome worsened by hypersexual behavior consisting of compulsive masturbatory activity. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors have been reported to be beneficial in reducing hypersexual behaviors. A treatment with mirtatzapine improved the entire clinical autistic picture with the disappearance of masturbation. This result suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could be useful and promising tools in the treatment of hypersexual behaviors in children with autistic disorders. Moreover, the general, and in some ways unexpected, improvement of the social interaction, communication, and imagination, the dramatic reduction of aloof mannerisms, stereotypes, aggressiveness, and inappropriate emotional response to frustrations, as vi ell as the first appearance of the pragmatic use of language and a strong impetus to emotional development disclosed a new spectrum of possible applications of these drugs, and mirtazapine in particular, suggesting the need for new and more extensive studies on the pharmacotherapy of autism. (c) 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fisiol Umana & Farmacol, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
   IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Dept Child Dev, Rome, Italy.
   Dept Intens Rehabil, San Raffaele Cassino, Italy.
   IRCCS Neuromed, Epilepsy Surg Unit, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
RP Onorati, P (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fisiol Umana & Farmacol, P Le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
EM paolo.onorati@uniroma1.it
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NR 5
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0887-8994
J9 PEDIATR NEUROL
JI Pediatr. Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 5
BP 417
EP 418
DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.10.023
PG 2
WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics
GA 043XR
UT WOS:000237636700017
PM 16648008
ER

PT J
AU Bartz, JA
   Hollander, E
AF Bartz, JA
   Hollander, E
TI Is obsessive-compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder?
SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Review
DE anxiety disorder; nosology; obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD);
   obsessive-compulsive spectrum
ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE
   INHIBITOR; BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER; HOPKINS OCD FAMILY; PANIC DISORDER;
   SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENERALIZED ANXIETY; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; DOUBLE-BLIND
AB Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-IV-TR [American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth ed., rev. Washington, DC: Author]; however, the notion of a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive (OC) related disorders that is comprised of such disparate disorders as OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, certain eating disorders, pathological gambling, and autism, is gaining acceptance. The fact that these disorders share obsessive-compulsive features and evidence similarities in patient characteristics, course, comorbidity, neurobiology, and treatment response raises the question of whether OCD is best conceptualized as an anxiety or an OC spectrum disorder. This article reviews evidence from comorbidity and family studies, as well as biological evidence related to neurocircuitry, neurotransmitter function, and pharmacologic treatment response that bear on this question. The implications of removing OCD from the anxiety disorders category and moving it to an OC spectrum disorders category, as is being proposed for the DSM-V, is discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
RP Bartz, JA (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA.
EM jennifer.bartz@mssm.edu
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NR 145
TC 70
Z9 71
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-5846
J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH
JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 30
IS 3
BP 338
EP 352
DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.003
PG 15
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry
GA 037LW
UT WOS:000237149400003
PM 16455175
ER

PT J
AU McCabe, T
AF McCabe, T
TI My brother's keeper: A kindergartner's view of autism
SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES
LA English
DT Book Review
CR RICHARDS J, 2005, MY BROTHERS KEEPER K
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA
SN 1075-2730
J9 PSYCHIAT SERV
JI Psychiatr. Serv.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 57
IS 5
BP 745
EP 745
DI 10.1176/appi.ps.57.5.745
PG 1
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Psychiatry
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Psychiatry
GA 039JJ
UT WOS:000237301500061
ER

PT J
AU Lam, KSL
   Aman, MG
   Arnold, LE
AF Lam, KSL
   Aman, MG
   Arnold, LE
TI Neurochemical correlates of autistic disorder: A review of the
   literature
SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
LA English
DT Review
DE autism; neurochemical investigations; neurotransmitters; serotonin;
   dopamine; norepinepherine; acetylcholine; oxytocin; endogenous opioids;
   cortisol; glutamate; gamma-aminobutyric acid
ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PLASMA BETA-ENDORPHIN; DEXAMETHASONE
   SUPPRESSION TEST; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5-HTT;
   WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DOUBLE-BLIND;
   HOMOVANILLIC-ACID; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID
AB Review of neurochemical investigations in autistic disorder revealed that a wide array of transmitter systems have been studied, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, oxytocin, endogenous opioids, cortisol, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These studies have been complicated by the fact that autism is a very heterogeneous disorder which often presents with comorbid behavioral problems. In addition, many of these studies employed very small samples and inappropriate control groups, making it difficult to draw conclusions with confidence. Overall, serotonin appears to have the most empirical evidence for a role in autism, but this requires further investigation and replication. There is little support for the notion that a dysfunction of norepinephrine or the endogenous opioids are related to autism. The role of dopaminergic functioning has not been compelling thus far, though conflicting findings on central dopamine turnover require further study. Promising new areas of study may include possible dysfunction of the cholinergic system, oxytocin, and amino acid neurotransmitters. Implications for pharmacotherapy are briefly discussed for each neurotransmitter system with brief research examples. Review of this work emphasizes the need for future studies to control for subject variables, such as race, sex, pubertal status, and distress associated with blood draws, which can affect measures of neurochemical function. In addition, research in neurochemistry must continue to work in concert with other subspecialties to form a more comprehensive and theory-based approach to the neurobiological correlates of autistic disorder. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Aman, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, 1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM Arnan.1@osu.edu
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NR 159
TC 129
Z9 134
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0891-4222
J9 RES DEV DISABIL
JI Res. Dev. Disabil.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2006
VL 27
IS 3
BP 254
EP 289
DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.03.003
PG 36
WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation
SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation
GA 042LO
UT WOS:000237529700003
PM 16002261
ER

PT J
AU Bosa, CA
AF Bosa, CA
TI Autism: psychoeducational intervention
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE autistic disorder/therapy; disease management; family/complications;
   identification (psychology); early intervention (education)
ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; STRESS; COMMUNICATION;
   FAMILIES; PARENTS
AB There is increasing recognition about the importance of taking into account both child and family needs when treating autism. However it has been a major debate about what intervention is the most appropriate. In this paper we will review the current literature on the different interventions that have been used in the treatment of autism with special attention to those that are empirically based. It is not our objective to discuss in detail any particular intervention. We intend to present an overview of both positive aspects and limitations of different interventions. The conclusion is that there is no single approach that is totally effective for all children the whole time. Instead, it is argued that families change their expectation and values regarding their children's treatment according to the child's development and the family context. In other words, a specific intervention that may work well in a certain period of time (e.g. pre-school years) may not work so well in the following years (e.g. adolescence). Finally the importance of early identification and treatment of autism is stressed.
C1 UFRGS, Inst Psicol, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
RP Bosa, CA (reprint author), UFRGS, Inst Psicol, Ramiro Barcelos 2-600, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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NR 43
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S47
EP S53
DI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500007
PG 7
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200007
PM 16791392
ER

PT J
AU Gupta, AR
   State, MW
AF Gupta, AR
   State, MW
TI Autism: genetics
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; genetics; linkage (genetics); cytogenetics;
   association
ID HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; CARRIER SLC25A12
   GENE; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TRANSLOCATION BREAKPOINT;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; LINKAGE
   ANALYSIS
AB Autism is a strongly genetic disorder, with an estimated heritability of greater than 90%. A combination of phenotypic heterogeneity and the likely involvement of multiple interacting loci have hampered efforts at gene discovery. As a consequence, the genetic etiology of the spectrum of autism related disorders remains largely unknown. Over the past several years, the convergence of rapidly advancing genomic technologies, the completion of the human genome project, and increasingly successful collaborative efforts to increase the number of patients available for study have led to the first solid clues to the biological origins of these disorders. This paper will review the literature to date summarizing the results of linkage, cytogenetic, and candidate gene studies with a focus on recent progress. In addition, promising avenues for future research are considered.
C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT USA.
RP State, MW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Sch Med, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM matthew.state@yale.edu
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   Yonan AL, 2003, AM J HUM GENET, V73, P886, DOI 10.1086/378778
NR 65
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S29
EP S38
DI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500005
PG 10
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200005
PM 16791389
ER

PT J
AU Kiln, A
AF Kiln, A
TI Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE autism/therapy; Asperger syndrome/therapy; psychopharmacology/standards;
   child development/drug effects; disease management
ID DISORDER
AB Autism and Asperger syndrome are diagnostic entities in a family of neurodevelopmental disorders disrupting fundamental processes of socialization, communication and learning, collectively known as pervasive developmental disorders. This group of conditions is among the most common developmental disorders, affecting 1 in every 200 or so individuals. They are also the most strongly genetically related among developmental disorders, with recurrence risks within sibships of the order of 2 to 15% if a broader definition of affectedness is adopted. Their early onset, symptom profile, and chronicity implicate fundamental biological mechanisms involved in social adaptation. Advances in their understanding are leading to a new social neuroscience perspective of normative socialization processes and specific disruptions thereof These processes may lead to the emergence of the highly heterogeneous phenotypes associated with autism, the paradigmatic pervasive developmental disorder, and its variants. This overview focuses on the history, nosology, and the clinical and associated features of the two most well-known pervasive developmental disorders autism and Asperger syndrome.
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Kiln, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT
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NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S3
EP S11
PG 9
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200002
ER

PT J
AU Klin, A
   Mercadante, MT
AF Klin, A
   Mercadante, MT
TI Autism and the pervasive developmental disorders
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Editorial Material
CR BOSA CA, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIAT S1, V28, P48
   GUPTA AR, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIAT S1, V28, P30
   Klin A, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIATR, V28, P3
   MERCADANTE MT, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIAT S1, V28, P13
   NIKOLOV R, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIAT S1, V28, P40
   ZIBOVICIUS M, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIAT S1, V28, P22
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 3
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S1
EP S2
DI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500001
PG 2
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200001
PM 16791386
ER

PT J
AU Nikolov, R
   Jonker, J
   Scahill, L
AF Nikolov, R
   Jonker, J
   Scahill, L
TI Autistic disorder: current psychopharmacological treatments and areas of
   interest for future developments
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE autistic disorder; antipsychotic agents; anticonvulsants; antidepressant
   agents; disease management
ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; OPEN-LABEL; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOUBLE-BLIND;
   BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CLINICAL-TRIAL; SELF-INJURY;
   CHILDREN; OLANZAPINE
AB Autistic disorder and the group of related conditions defined as pervasive developmental disorders are chronic neurodevelopmental disorders starting in early childhood and affecting a significant number of children and families. Although the causes and much of the pathophysiology of the disorder remain unknown, in recent years a number of available medication treatments have been identified as holding promise in alleviating some of the most disabling maladaptive behaviors, associated with pervasive developmental disorders. However these treatments do not address the core symptoms of the disease and oftentimes their side effects outweigh their benefits. Therefore there is substantial need for new medications that are safer and more effective in addressing the behavior symptoms of autism. The aim of this review is to highlight the available current pharmacotherapies and those emerging treatments with potential to enhance the treatment options of patients with pervasive developmental disorders.
C1 Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, Sch Med, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
RP Nikolov, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, Sch Med, Sch Nursing, 230 S Frontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
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NR 62
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S39
EP S46
DI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500006
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200006
PM 16791391
ER

PT J
AU Zilbovicius, M
   Meresse, I
   Boddaert, N
AF Zilbovicius, M
   Meresse, I
   Boddaert, N
TI Autism: neuroimaging
SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
LA Portuguese
DT Article
DE autistic syndrome; magnetic resonance imaging;
   tomography,emission-computed; acoustic stimulation; auditive perception
ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; FUSIFORM FACE AREA;
   CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME;
   COMPLEX SOUNDS; BRAIN; MRI
AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a range of clinical presentations. These presentations vary from mild to severe and are referred to as autism spectrum disorders. The most common clinical sign of autism spectrum disorders is social interaction impairment, which is associated with verbal and non-verbal communication deficits and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Thanks to recent brain imaging studies, scientists are getting a better idea of the neural circuits involved in autism spectrum disorders. Indeed, functional brain imaging, such as positron emission tomography, single foton emission tomography and functional MRI have opened a new perspective to study normal and pathological brain functioning. Three independent studies have found anatomical and rest functional temporal lobe abnormalities in autistic patients. These alterations are localized in the superior temporal sulcus bilaterally, an area which is critical for perception of key social stimuli. In addition, functional studies have shown hypoactivation of most areas implicated in social perception (face and voice perception) and social cognition (theory of mind). These data suggest an abnormal functioning of the social brain network in autism. The understanding of the functional alterations of this important mechanism may drive the elaboration of new and more adequate social re-educative strategies for autistic patients.
C1 Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, ERM 0205, INSERM, CEA, F-91406 Orsay, France.
   CHU Necker Enfants Malad, Serv Radiol Pediat, Paris, France.
   Univ Paris 05, Paris, France.
RP Zilbovicius, M (reprint author), Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, ERM 0205, INSERM, CEA, 4 Pl Gen Leclerc, F-91406 Orsay, France.
EM zilbo@shfj.cea.fr
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NR 71
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ASSOCIACAO BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA
PI SAO PAULO
PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT, RUA PEDRO DE TOLEDO, 967 - CASA 01, SAO PAULO,
   SP, BRAZIL
SN 1516-4446
J9 REV BRAS PSIQUIATR
JI Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 28
SU 1
BP S21
EP S28
DI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500004
PG 8
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 047AM
UT WOS:000237852200004
PM 16791388
ER

PT J
AU Diamond, A
AF Diamond, Adele
TI Bootstrapping conceptual deduction using physical connection: rethinking
   frontal cortex
SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
ID VENTRAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NONMATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; RECOGNITION MEMORY;
   AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; TEMPORAL-LOBE; PERIARCUATE LESIONS; POSTERIOR
   PARIETAL; SPECTRUM DISORDER; COGNITIVE DEFICIT; YOUNG-CHILDREN
AB The age at which infants can demonstrate the ability to deduce abstract rules can be reduced by more than half, from 21 months to 9 months. The key is to introduce a physical connection between the items to be conceptually related. I argue here that making the same change in how items are presented might also help some preschoolers with learning delays, especially some children with autism. I also suggest that the roles of premotor and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices in deducing abstract rules might have been misinterpreted behaviorally and anatomically. The crucial brain region may be the periarcuate, which partially overlaps both premotor and lateral prefrontal cortex. The cognitive ability made possible by this region might be something far more elementary than previously considered: the ability to perceive conceptual connections in the absence of physical connection.
C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
RP Diamond, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
EM adele.diamond@ubc.edu
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TC 16
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6613
J9 TRENDS COGN SCI
JI TRENDS COGN. SCI.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 10
IS 5
BP 212
EP 218
DI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.003
PG 7
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology
GA 050IH
UT WOS:000238080400005
PM 16584909
ER

PT J
AU Burgess, DC
   Burgess, MA
   Leask, J
AF Burgess, DC
   Burgess, MA
   Leask, J
TI The MMR vaccination and autism controversy in United Kingdom 1998-2005:
   Inevitable community outrage or a failure of risk communication?
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE risk communication; vaccination; measles mumps rubella; autism
ID SOCIAL AMPLIFICATION; CHILDREN
AB Background: The report of an hypothesised link between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism in 1998 became a major public health issue in the United Kingdom (UK), leaving most experts surprised by the overwhelming influence it had on public opinion about MMR vaccination. Coverage rates fell dramatically, and did not start to recover until 2004. Could this public reaction have been predicted?
   Methods: We used Sandman's model of components predicting community outrage to assess the MMR controversy.
   Results: The controversy fulfilled all of Sandman's 12 primary components and six of the eight additional components.
   Conclusions: The Sandman model provided a useful framework to analyse this controversy and explained a significant portion of the community reaction and subsequent fall in vaccination coverage rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Immunisat Res & Surveillance Vaccine Pre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
   Univ Sydney, NHMRC Clin Trials Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Burgess, DC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, NHMRC Clin Trials Ctr, Level 5,Bldg F,88 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
EM dburgess@ctc.usyd.edu.au
CR ALCOCK S, 2002, BRIT MED J, V324, P492, DOI 10.1136/bmj.324.7335.492
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NR 24
TC 42
Z9 42
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD MAY 1
PY 2006
VL 24
IS 18
BP 3921
EP 3928
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02
PG 8
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 048JT
UT WOS:000237944100031
PM 16564116
ER

PT J
AU Kamp-Becker, I
AF Kamp-Becker, I
TI Psychotherapy and autism
SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE
LA German
DT Book Review
CR SCHIRMER B, 2006, PSYCHOTHERAPIE AUTIS
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
PU VERLAG HANS HUBER
PI BERN 9
PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND
SN 1422-4917
J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH
JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother.
PD MAY
PY 2006
VL 34
IS 3
BP 229
EP 230
DI 10.1024/1422-4917.34.3.229
PG 2
WC Psychiatry
SC Psychiatry
GA 050BY
UT WOS:000238063700015
ER

PT J
AU Vervloed, MPJ
   Hoevenaars-van den Boom, MAA
   Knoors, H
   van Ravenswaaij, CMA
   Admiraal, RJC
AF Vervloed, MPJ
   Hoevenaars-van den Boom, MAA
   Knoors, H
   van Ravenswaaij, CMA
   Admiraal, RJC
TI CHARGE syndrome: Relations between behavioral characteristics and
   medical conditions
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE CHARGE syndrome; heart defects; cerebral defects; temperament; child
   behavior checklist; deafblindness
ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; CHOANAL ATRESIA; MULTIPLE ANOMALIES;
   EMOTIONAL-PROBLEMS; COVERT FEARS; ASSOCIATION; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES;
   MALFORMATIONS; ADJUSTMENT
AB The behaviors and medical problems in 27 persons with CHARGE syndrome were studied, because it was hypothesized that their behavior might be partly dependent on the heterogeneous medical status. With the exception of more tics, cardiac surgery was associated with positive behaviors: less withdrawn behavior, better mood, and a more easy temperament. Tube feeding was also related to positive behavior, since participants with a history Of tube Feeding showed less intense behavior. Cerebral deficits were associated with three problem behaviors: more intense and withdrawn behavior and a worse mood. Deafblindness was associated with developmental delays in expressive and overall communication level, and recurrent middle ear infections correlated with delays in written language. Of all medical conditions, only the presence or absence of heart defects and cardiac surgery could differentiate between the participants with regard to the number of behavioral problems. participants with heart surgery especially, had less behavior problems. The number of operations and hospitalizations,vas not associated with behavior, but the total length of the hospitalizations was. Long hospital stays were associated with less problem behavior, especially internalizing behaviors. Cerebral and heart problems did not result in longer hospital stays, whereas esophageal reflux did. Age effects were reflected in older participants, who showed more internalizing problems. Heart surgery and hospitalization may be protective factors, but the protection might not be the actual surgery or hospital stay, as there may be other variables that are the actual cause, such as reduced vitality or altered parent child interactions after heart surgery. The study could not confirm a significant association between medical conditions and autism found in previous studies. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   Viataal, Inst Deaf, St Michielsgestel, Netherlands.
RP Vervloed, MPJ (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, Montessorilaan 3,POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
EM m.vervloed@pwo.wiley.com
RI Vervloed, Mathijs/D-6094-2012; Knoors, Harry/D-6170-2012
OI Knoors, Harry/0000-0002-1709-052X
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NR 71
TC 8
Z9 8
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1552-4825
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 140A
IS 8
BP 851
EP 862
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31193
PG 12
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 029OC
UT WOS:000236571700007
PM 16532469
ER

PT J
AU Casanova, MF
   van Kooten, I
   Switala, AE
   van England, H
   Heinsen, H
   Steinbusch, HWM
   Hof, PR
   Trippe, J
   Stone, J
   Schmitz, C
AF Casanova, MF
   van Kooten, I
   Switala, AE
   van England, H
   Heinsen, H
   Steinbusch, HWM
   Hof, PR
   Trippe, J
   Stone, J
   Schmitz, C
TI Minicolumnar width abnormalities in autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 61st Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry
CY MAY 18-20, 2006
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Soc Biol Psychiat
C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Wurzburg, Morphol Brain Res Unit, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Univ Maastricht, Dept Cellular Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
   Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA.
   Univ Maastricht, Div Cellular Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 8
SU S
MA 59
BP 19S
EP 19S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 032IE
UT WOS:000236767300061
ER

PT J
AU Casanova, MF
   van Kooten, I
   Switala, AE
   van England, H
   Heinsen, H
   Steinbusch, HWM
   Hof, PR
   Trippe, J
   Stone, J
   Schmitz, C
AF Casanova, MF
   van Kooten, I
   Switala, AE
   van England, H
   Heinsen, H
   Steinbusch, HWM
   Hof, PR
   Trippe, J
   Stone, J
   Schmitz, C
TI Neuronal size and numbers in autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 61st Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry
CY MAY 18-20, 2006
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Soc Biol Psychiat
C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
   Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
   Univ Wurzburg, Morphol Brain Res Unit, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany.
   Maastricht Univ, Dept Cellular Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
   Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA.
   Univ Maastricht, Div Cellular Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 8
SU S
MA 62
BP 20S
EP 20S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 032IE
UT WOS:000236767300064
ER

PT J
AU Ambery, FZ
   Russell, AJ
   Hales, SA
   Daly, E
   Morris, R
   Murphy, DG
AF Ambery, FZ
   Russell, AJ
   Hales, SA
   Daly, E
   Morris, R
   Murphy, DG
TI Differences in neruoanatomy and their relationship to cognitive
   functioning in people with Asperger's syndrome and high functioning
   autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 61st Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry
CY MAY 18-20, 2006
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Soc Biol Psychiat
C1 Inst Psychiat, London, England.
RI daly, eileen/B-6716-2011; Russell, Ailsa/J-8268-2013
OI Russell, Ailsa/0000-0002-8443-9381
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 8
SU S
MA 123
BP 38S
EP 38S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 032IE
UT WOS:000236767300125
ER

PT J
AU Casanova, MF
   Giedd, J
   Rumsey, J
   Mannheim, G
AF Casanova, MF
   Giedd, J
   Rumsey, J
   Mannheim, G
TI A negative study on the gyrification index in patients with autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 61st Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry
CY MAY 18-20, 2006
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Soc Biol Psychiat
C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
   NIMH, Child Psychiat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   NIMH, Clin Neurosci Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RI Giedd, Jay/A-3080-2008; Giedd, Jay/B-7302-2012
OI Giedd, Jay/0000-0003-0827-3460
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 8
SU S
MA 359
BP 110S
EP 110S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 032IE
UT WOS:000236767300355
ER

PT J
AU Hardan, AY
   Bansal, R
   Pabalan, M
   Nutche, J
   Fedorov, S
   Minshew, NJ
   Keshavan, MS
AF Hardan, AY
   Bansal, R
   Pabalan, M
   Nutche, J
   Fedorov, S
   Minshew, NJ
   Keshavan, MS
TI Volumetric alterations of the corpus callosum in children with autism
SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 61st Annual Convention of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry
CY MAY 18-20, 2006
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP Soc Biol Psychiat
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0006-3223
J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT
JI Biol. Psychiatry
PD APR 15
PY 2006
VL 59
IS 8
SU S
MA 546
BP 168S
EP 168S
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 032IE
UT WOS:000236767301123
ER

EF