FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ryan, CS Hemmes, NS Sturmey, P Jacobs, JD Grommet, EK AF Ryan, Carolyn S. Hemmes, Nancy S. Sturmey, Peter Jacobs, Joseph D. Grommet, Erich K. TI Effects of a brief staff training procedure on instructors' use of incidental teaching and students' frequency of initiation toward instructors SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Incidental teaching; Staff training; Autism; Education; Generalization ID LANGUAGE; PRESCHOOL; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Incidental teaching is a technique that is used to increase the spontaneous use of language. This study evaluated effects of a brief staff training procedures on instructors' incidental teaching responses and on student initiations. In three experiments, instructors of children with autism participated in individual or group training sessions under multiple baseline designs. In Experiment 1, three instructors were provided with multiple individualized training sessions that continued until instructors met a performance criterion during subsequent teaching sessions. In Experiment 2, groups of three instructors were provided with a single, 20-min one-to-one training session. Experiment 3 was a large-scale replication of Experiment 2 in which training was presented in a large group. Thus, across experiments, brief staff training in incidental teaching was conducted in a decreasingly individualized manner. Following staff training, there was a systematic increase in the occurrence of incidental teaching responses and of student initiations in each experiment. The findings suggest that brief training is a valid initial step toward improving the likelihood of incidental teaching and level of student initiation. The consistently positive initial effects of training warrant further research to identify methods to increase the magnitude and durability of training effects under such brief staff training procedures. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ryan, Carolyn S.] CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Ryan, CS (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM Carolyn.ryan@verizon.net CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CAVALLARO CC, 1985, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V8, P1 FARMERDOUGAN V, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P533, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-533 Gazdag G, 1990, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V14, P62 HART B, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P407, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-407 HART B, 2000, MEANINGFUL DIFFERENC HART B, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-243 HART B, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P411, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-411 Hart B. M., 1982, USE INCIDENTAL TEACH Herbert J. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 28 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.02.002 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700003 ER PT J AU Seynhaeve, I Nader-Grosbois, N AF Seynhaeve, Isabel Nader-Grosbois, Nathalie TI Sensorimotor development and dysregulation of activity in young children with autism and with intellectual disabilities SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early development; Dysregulation of activity; Autism; Intellectual disabilities ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; COGNITIVE ACTIVITY; DOWN-SYNDROME; DISORDERS AB Dysregulation of activity linked with development was analysed in 12 children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and in 12 children with autism (ASD) matched on their developmental age (18 months). The "Batterie d'Evaluation du Developpement Cognitif et Social" [Adrien, J. L. (1996). Autisme du jeune enfant. Developpement psychologique et regulation de l'activite [Autism in the young child: Psychological development and behavioral regulation]. Paris: Expansion Scientifique Francaise] and the "Regulation Disorders Evaluation Grid" [Adrien, J. L., Rossignol-Deletang, N., Martineau, J., Couturier, G., & Barthelemy, C. (2001). Regulation on cognitive activity and early communication development in young autistic, mentally retarded, and young normal children. Developmental Psychobiology, 39(2), 124-136] were used. T-test comparisons, partial correlation controlling for chronological age and clusters analyses by cases were completed. Children with ASD showed more dysregulation than ID children and both groups showed different patterns of specific dysregulation disorders. Dysregulation of activity was linked to development but correlations were much more numerous and intense within ASD group compared to ID group. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seynhaeve, Isabel; Nader-Grosbois, Nathalie] Catholic Univ Louvain, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Educ & Dev Psychol Res Unit, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Seynhaeve, I (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Educ & Dev Psychol Res Unit, 10 Pl Cardinal Mercier, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM isabei.seynhaeve@psp.ucl.ac.be; Nathalie.Nader@psp.ucl.ac.be CR ADRIEN JL, 1996, AUTISM JEUNE ENFANT ADRIEN JL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P249, DOI 10.1007/BF02179287 Adrien JL, 2001, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V39, P124, DOI 10.1002/dev.1036 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARTHELEMY C, 1998, INFANTILE AUTISM EXC Blanc R, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361305053253 Brown JH, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P1037, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00299-3 Dunst C. 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TI Current status of intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism and PDD-NOS SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Intensive behavioral interventions ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; OF-THE-LITERATURE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMMUNITY AB The development of learning based interventions has proven to be an effective means of remediating symptoms of autism and PDD-NOS. The central focus of these effects in recent years has been on early intensive behavioral interventions (EIBI) with preschool children. We use the term EIBI since it is the most often used, and we assume, preferred term. This research appears to be quite promising; however, controversies have arisen regarding who responds best and to what degree. Also, despite the widespread adoption of the notion that these programs result in long term benefits for the autism spectrum disorders child, marked holes in our knowledge, largely due to methodological considerations, are evident. This paper provides a review of existing reviews and data-based EIBI studies with an eye to a specific analysis of strengths, shortcomings, and trends in the data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 60 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.003 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700005 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Wilkins, J Gonzalez, M AF Matson, Johnny L. Wilkins, Jonathan Gonzalez, Melissa TI Early identification and diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders in young children and infants: How early is too early? SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early identification; Diagnosis; Autism spectrum disorders ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; EARLY INTERVENTION; FOLLOW-UP; TODDLERS; LANGUAGE AB An area of research with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which has received a considerable amount of attention recently is early diagnosis. This phenomenon is due largely to encouraging results from intensive intervention programs for children at very young ages. While five types of ASD exist, efforts in this area have focused almost exclusively on autism. To date, the primary methods of identification have been evidence-based assessment scales using established criteria for differential diagnosis and cognitive/developmental descriptive studies, which attempt to tease out behavior patterns of infants who later evince ASD from their normally developing counterparts. A third focus, which is in early development, involves genetic studies aimed at establishing biological links. However, at present such procedures are not viable for diagnosis. Opinions are rendered on the earliest age at which children can be reliably diagnosed at present, and a review of practical considerations is provided. Future challenges and directions in ASD identification and diagnosis are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700006 ER PT J AU Kern, JK Garver, CR Carmody, T Andrews, AA Mehta, JA Trivedi, MH AF Kern, Janet K. Garver, Carolyn R. Carmody, Thomas Andrews, Alonzo A. Mehta, Jyutika A. Trivedi, Madhukar H. TI Examining sensory modulation in individuals with autism as compared to community controls SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory Profile; Sensory modulation; Community controls ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDER; RAT; BEHAVIORS; RESPONSES; CEREBELLUM; NEURONS AB The purpose of the study was to examine sensory modulation items on the Sensory Profile in individuals with autism as compared to community controls. The data for this study were collected as part of a cross-sectional study that examined sensory processing, using the Sensory Profile, in 103 individuals with autism and/or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), 3-43 years of age, compared to 103 age- and gender-matched community controls. Specifically, this study examined sensory modulation items on the Sensory Profile: Modulation Related to Body Position and Movement; Modulation of Movement Affecting Activity Level; Modulation of Sensory Input Affecting Emotional Responses; and Modulation of Visual Input Affecting Emotional Responses and Activity Level. Sensory modulation in individuals with autism was significantly different than community controls on all four modulation sections of the Sensory Profile, with individuals with autism engaging in the behaviors more frequently than the controls. In addition, a trend was noted in three of the four areas that the older individuals with autism were closer to the community controls than the younger individuals with autism. The results suggest that there are differences between individuals with autism and community controls in their ability to modulate sensory stimuli in areas that affect movement, emotional response, and activity level. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kern, Janet K.; Garver, Carolyn R.; Carmody, Thomas; Andrews, Alonzo A.; Mehta, Jyutika A.; Trivedi, Madhukar H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Psychiat, 6363 Forest Pk Rd,Suite 13-354, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700007 ER PT J AU Asber, J Dahlgren, S Sandberg, AD AF Asber, Jakob Dahlgren, SvenOlof Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren TI Basic reading skills in high-functioning Swedish children with autism spectrum disorders or attention disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Attention disorders; Word decoding; Reading comprehension ID DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; DISABILITY; ADHD; COMORBIDITY; DISSOCIATION; IMPAIRMENTS AB High-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been reported to have an early success in reading. Children with attention disorders such as DAMP or ADHD, on the other hand, often struggle acquiring reading skills. The primary aim of the study was two-fold: (a) to compare reading performance of children with ASD, DAMP and typical development; (b) to examine whether memory functions and verbal and performance IQ related differently to the reading performance depending on diagnosis. Striking similarities were found between clinical groups on performance level and patterns of reading ability. Decoding and reading comprehension difficulties were common in both clinical groups relative to the comparison group matched for mental age. There was a strong association between word decoding fluency and sentence reading comprehension in the clinical groups even after the effect of age and VIQ was partialled out. Further research on cognition, linguistic abilities and educational milieu is warranted to explore the reasons for the word decoding difficulties. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Asber, Jakob; Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, S-40020 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Dahlgren, SvenOlof] Stockholm Cty Council, Autismforum Habilitat Serv, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Asber, J (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, Box 14158, S-40020 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.006 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700008 ER PT J AU Paul, R Bianchi, N Augustyn, A Klin, A Volkmar, FR AF Paul, Rhea Bianchi, Nancy Augustyn, Amy Klin, Ami Volkmar, Fred R. TI Production of syllable stress in speakers with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Syllable stress; Prosody; Autism ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; PROSODY; INTONATION; LANGUAGE; SPEECH; COMMUNICATION AB This paper reports a study of the ability to reproduce stress in a nonsense syllable imitation task by adolescent speakers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as compared to typically developing (TD) age-mates. Results are reported for both raters' judgments of the subjects' stress production, as well as acoustic measures of pitch range and duration during stressed and unstressed syllable production. Results reveal small but significant differences between speakers with ASD and typical speakers in both perceptual ratings of stress and instrumental measures of duration of syllables. The implications of these findings for understanding prosodic deficits in ASD are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Paul, Rhea; Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred R.] Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Paul, Rhea] So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Augustyn, Amy] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 40 Temple St 6B, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 110 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.001 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700009 ER PT J AU Sarokoff, RA Sturmey, P AF Sarokoff, Randi A. Sturmey, Peter TI The effects of instructions, rehearsal, modeling, and feedback on acquisition and generalization of staff use of discrete trial teaching and student correct responses SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Discrete trial teaching; Staff training; Behavioral skills training ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; SKILLS AB A limited number of studies have investigated the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) on staff acquisition and generalization of discrete trial teaching (DTT) and student behavior. BST was used to improve three staff's use of DTT interactions with four children with autism. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to assess the effects of the intervention on staff and student performance. All three staff acquired DTT skills with one child and one set of teaching programming. Staff also demonstrated improved accuracy in their use of DTT following training sessions and during follow-up sessions with students and programs that were not involved in staff training. Student performance on presented tasks also improved following staff improvement in implementation of DTT. Staff rated the training as very socially valid. This shows that BST may result in generalization of staff performance to novel students and novel teaching tasks. BST was highly effective, efficient, and acceptable. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sturmey, Peter] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. RP Sturmey, P (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM psturmey@aol.com CR BRIENES NE, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P339 Crockett JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P23, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.10.003 Green G, 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P29 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-197 Leblanc M., 2005, EDUC TREAT CHILD, V28, P76 Lotter V, 1967, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY, V1, P163, DOI 10.1007/BF00578950 McDonough K. A., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P63 Sarokoff RA, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P535, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535 Symes MD, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.07.007 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.002 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700010 ER PT J AU Hartley, SL Buckendorf, GR Haines, K Hall, TA Sikora, DM AF Hartley, Sigan L. Buckendorf, G. Robert Haines, Kristin Hall, Trevor A. Sikora, Darryn M. TI The Oral and Written Language Scales: Is it useful for older children with autism spectrum disorder? SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Language; Diagnosis; Oral and Written Language Scales ID COMMUNICATION; CHILDHOOD AB Communication impairment is a defining feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Little research attention has been devoted to establishing standardized methods for defining and identifying language impairment in children with known or suspected ASD. The present study examines the feasibility and utility of the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS) among 70 children with ASD and matched controls (aged 6-21 years). More than 87% of children with ASD were able to complete the OWLS and achieve a true basal score. Scores on the OWLS differentiated children with ASD from their typically developing peers and non-ASD children matched on nonverbal cognitive functioning. Findings suggest that the OWLS is a feasible measure for the large majority of older children with ASD and useful in identifying a variety of language impairments. Findings have implications for standardizing ASD evaluations and achieving greater diagnostic consistency. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Hartley, Sigan L.; Buckendorf, G. Robert; Haines, Kristin; Hall, Trevor A.; Sikora, Darryn M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept 3415, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hartley, SL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept 3415, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM shartley@uwyo.edu CR Akshoomoff N, 2006, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V12, P269, DOI 10.1080/09297040500473714 *AM AC CHILD AD PS, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V38, P35 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1995, ORAL WRITTEN LANGUAG Carrow-Woolfolk E., 1985, TEST AUDITORY COMPRE Condouris K, 2003, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V12, P349, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2003/080) *CUR AUT NOW FDN C, 1998, CNS SPECTRUMS J, V3, P1 Dunn L. M., 1981, MANUAL PEABODY PICTU Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Eaves LC, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P557, DOI 10.1007/BF02172276 Goldman R., 1986, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST Harrison P., 2003, ADAPTIVE BEHAV ASSES, V2nd Howlin P., 1999, CHILDREN AUTISM ASPE Joseph RM, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P361, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_4 Kjelgaard MM, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P287 Koegel LK, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P233, DOI 10.1023/A:1025894213424 KOEGEL RL, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02259.x Korkman M., 1998, NEPSY DEV NEUROPSYCH Lord C., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P195 Lord C, 2002, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P636 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Noens ILJ, 2005, J COMMUN DISORD, V38, P123, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.06.002 Phelps-Teraski D., 1992, TEST PRAGMATIC LANGU Roid G. H., 2003, STANFORD BINET INTEL Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TAGERFLUSBER H, 2000, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P185 Tager-Flusberg H., 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P124 Tager-Flusberg H., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P335 Tager-Flusberg H, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P303, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1198 TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1981, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V11, P45, DOI 10.1007/BF01531340 TURNER LM, 2006, INT J RES PRACTICE, V10, P243 Wechsler D., 2003, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D., 2002, WECHSLER PRESCHOOL P, V3rd Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED Wiig E. H., 1992, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Wilkinson KM, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P73, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<73::AID-MRDD3>3.0.CO;2-Y Williams K. T., 1997, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 INT STAT CLAS Young EC, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P62, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/006) NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.003 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700011 ER PT J AU Heaton, P Ludlow, A Roberson, D AF Heaton, Pamela Ludlow, Amanda Roberson, Debi TI When less is more: Poor discrimination but good colour memory in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Colour; Perception; Memory ID CATEGORICAL PERCEPTION; WHORF HYPOTHESIS; CATEGORIZATION; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; SAVANT AB In two experiments children with autism and two groups of controls matched for either chronological or non-verbal mental age were tested on tasks of colour discrimination and memory. The results from experiment I showed significantly poorer colour discrimination in children with autism in comparison to typically developing chronological age matched controls. However, in experiment 2, children with autism, retained unlabelled perceptual colour information to a significantly higher level than either group of controls. The findings suggest that enhanced performance on perceptual tasks relate to a reduced tendency to encode verbal information in memory. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Heaton, Pamela] Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England. RP Heaton, P (reprint author), Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England. EM P.Heaton@gold.ac.uk RI Roberson, Debi/C-1612-2009 OI Roberson, Debi/0000-0002-6778-8547 CR Alvarado N, 2005, CROSS-CULT RES, V39, P134, DOI 10.1177/1069397104273628 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BALDWIN DA, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P381, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02723.x Bonnel A, 2003, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V15, P226, DOI 10.1162/089892903321208169 Braisby N, 1999, J CHILD LANG, V26, P23, DOI 10.1017/S0305000998003638 BROWN RW, 1954, J ABNORM SOC PSYCH, V49, P454, DOI 10.1037/h0057814 Caron MJ, 2006, BRAIN, V129, P1789, DOI 10.1093/brain/awl072 Deruelle C, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P199, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022610.09668.4c Dunn L. M., 1997, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL, V2nd Fombonne E, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P769, DOI 10.1017/S0033291799008508 French RM, 2004, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V133, P382, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.133.3.382 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gilbert AL, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P489, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0509868103 Goldstone RL, 1998, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V49, P585, DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.585 Gopnik Alison, 1997, WORDS THOUGHTS THEOR Happe F, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P216, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01318-2 Heaton P, 1999, NEUROCASE, V5, P503, DOI 10.1080/13554799908402745 Heaton P, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P787, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0024-7 Heaton P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P543, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00143 Heaton P, 1998, MUSIC PERCEPT, V15, P291 KAY P, 1984, AM ANTHROPOL, V86, P65, DOI 10.1525/aa.1984.86.1.02a00050 Kjelgaard MM, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P287 Kowalski K, 2006, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V94, P301, DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.12.001 Lucy John A., 1992, LANGUAGE DIVERSITY T Mottron L, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P27, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 Mottron L, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P131 Munsell Color Company, 1966, MUNS BOOK COL Ozgen E, 2004, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V13, P95, DOI 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00282.x Pilling M, 2003, MEM COGNITION, V31, P538, DOI 10.3758/BF03196095 Plaisted KC, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P149 Rakison DH, 2000, INFANCY, V1, P77, DOI 10.1207/S15327078IN0101_07 Raven J. C., 1992, STANDARD PROGR MATRI Roberson D, 2005, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V50, P378, DOI 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.10.001 Roberson D, 2004, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V133, P554, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.133.4.554 Roberson D, 2000, MEM COGNITION, V28, P977, DOI 10.3758/BF03209345 Sandhofer CM, 2001, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V130, P600, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.600 Schafer G, 1999, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V2, P187, DOI 10.1111/1467-7687.00067 Vanderwart M., 1980, J EXPT PSYCHOL HUMAN, V6, P174 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE Witthoft N., 2003, P 25 ANN M COGN SCI NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700012 ER PT J AU Ganz, JB Simpson, RL Corbin-Newsome, J AF Ganz, Jennifer B. Simpson, Richard L. Corbin-Newsome, Jawanda TI The impact of the Picture Exchange Communication System on requesting and speech development in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders and similar characteristics SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorders; Picture Exchange Communication System; PECS; Augmentative and alternative communication; AAC; Communication ID CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; ACQUISITION; PECS AB By definition children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience difficulty understanding and using language. Accordingly, visual and picture-based strategies such as the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) show promise in ameliorating speech and language deficits. This study reports the results of a multiple baseline across participants investigating the implementation of the PECS with three preschool children with characteristics of ASD. The first four phases of PECS were taught to the participants: basic picture exchange, increasing distance use of PECS, discriminating among a variety of pictures, and communicating in sentences composed of pictures. Relative to the impact of PECS's implementation in providing the participants with a functional communication system, word approximations, and intelligible word and phrase use, results indicated that two of the three participants mastered PECS. However, participants did not significantly increase in use of word approximations and intelligible words. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Ganz, Jennifer B.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept ILT, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Simpson, Richard L.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Ganz, JB (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept ILT, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM jennifer.ganz@utsa.edu CR Alpern G., 2000, DEV PROFILE 2 MANUAL Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 Charlop-Christy MH, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P213, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213 CHARLOPCHRISTY MH, 2001, AUTISM BEHAV ANAL PE Frost L, 2002, PECS PICTURE EXCHANG GANZ JB, AUGMENTATIV IN PRESS GANZ JB, 2005, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V1 Ganz JB, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P395, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000037416.59095.d7 Gilliam J. E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN GLOVER E, 1995, EARLY LEARNING ACCOM Kazdin A. E., 1982, SINGLE CASE RES DESI Kravits TR, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P225, DOI 10.1023/A:1015457931788 Magiati I, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P297, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007003006 Marckel JM, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P109, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.131-04 Mirenda P., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P141, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760101600302 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schopler E., 1990, INDIVIDUALIZED ASSES, VI SCHREIBMAN L, 2006, SCI FICTION AUTISM Schwartz IS, 1998, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V18, P144 Stoner JB, 2006, REM SPEC EDUC, V27, P154, DOI 10.1177/07419325060270030401 Vittimberga G. L, 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P194, DOI 10.1177/109830070100300401 Voress J, 1998, DEV ASSESSMENT YOUNG Yoder P, 2006, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V74, P426, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426 Yoder P, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P698, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051) NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.04.005 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700013 ER PT J AU Williams, PG Hersh, JH Allard, A Sears, LL AF Williams, P. Gail Hersh, Joseph H. Allard, AnnaMary Sears, Lonnie L. TI A controlled study of mercury levels in hair samples of children with autism as compared to their typically developing siblings SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Mercury toxicity; Hair analysis ID THIMEROSAL; EXPOSURE; VACCINES AB Autism is a developmental disability characterized by severe, pervasive deficits in social interaction, communication and range of interests and activities. The neurobiologic basis of autism is well accepted, although the specific etiology is unknown. It has been theorized that autism may result from a combination of predisposing genes and environmental factors. While autism has a known association with environmental factors such as rubella and valproic acid exposure in utero, other proposed environmental mechanisms such as mercury toxicity or other heavy metal exposure have minimal research support. Despite this fact, interventions including oral and topical chelation therapy are being used to treat autism following evaluation of hair, blood, or urine samples for heavy metal toxicity. In this study, hair samples were obtained from 15 children with autism between the ages of 2 and 6 years and 16 controls in the same age range who are the siblings of the subjects. The hair samples were obtained according to lab. specifications and submitted in a blind fashion to Doctor's Data Lab. for measurement of mercury levels. Data from the two groups were then compared using T-test. No significant differences were found between mercury levels for the two groups. This study raises questions about the theory that mercury toxicity causes autism and points to the difficulty in quantifying chronic mercury exposure through currently available laboratory measures. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, P. Gail; Hersh, Joseph H.; Allard, AnnaMary; Sears, Lonnie L.] Univ Louisville, Weisskopf Child Evaluat Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Williams, PG (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Weisskopf Child Evaluat Ctr, 571 S Floyd St, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM pgwill01@louisville.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Andrews N, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P584, DOI 10.1542/peds.2003-1177-L Ball LK, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1147, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1147 Bernard S, 2001, MED HYPOTHESES, V56, P462, DOI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1281 Abramson JS, 1999, PEDIATRICS, V104, P570 Davidson PW, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V113, P1023 Druyan ME, 1998, BIOL TRACE ELEM RES, V62, P183, DOI 10.1007/BF02783970 Frisch M, 2002, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V110, P433 Holmes AS, 2003, INT J TOXICOL, V22, P277, DOI 10.1080/10915810390220054 Ip P, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P431 Nelson KB, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P674, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.3.674 *US DEP HHS, 1999, AG TOX SUBST DIS REG US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 1997, MERC STUD REP C *US FDA, 2006, THIM VACC Verstraeten T, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P1039 *WHO, 1990, 101 WHO NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.05.001 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700014 ER PT J AU Lewis, FM Woodyatt, GC Murdoch, BE AF Lewis, Fiona M. Woodyatt, Gail C. Murdoch, Bruce E. TI Linguistic and pragmatic language skills in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Language skills; Adults; Western Aphasia Battery; Right Hemisphere Language Battery; Vocational support ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENTS; ADOLESCENTS; OUTCOMES; PROSODY; ABILITY; SPEECH AB This article reports on the linguistic and pragmatic language skills of adults with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Seventeen adults (aged 18-67 years) with a diagnosis of ASD were assessed using the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), the Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB) and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Second Edition (TONI-2). Performance by the ASD participants was compared to 13 peers (aged 18-65 years) with no disability. Within-group differences for the ASD participants were examined using a hierarchical cluster analysis of performance on the WAB and the RHLB. There were significant differences between the ASD group and the control group on a number of the WAB and the RHLB subtests, but no significant difference between the two groups on nonverbal cognitive ability. Subgroups within ASD, based on language performance, could be described. Language performance, but not nonverbal cognitive skill, differentiated the ASD subgroups. Individualised language support may need to be considered in the development of employment and training services. Further research is needed to determine if language and communication difficulties are barriers to employment in adults with ASD. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Fiona M.; Woodyatt, Gail C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Lewis, FM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM f.lewis@uq.edu.au RI Lewis, Fiona/F-9076-2010; Murdoch, Bruce/C-1397-2012 CR Aldenderfer MS, 1984, CLUSTER ANAL *APA, 1944, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baxter M. J, 1994, EXPLORATORY MULTIVAR Booth R, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P387, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1204 Brown L., 1990, TEST NONVERBAL INTEL Bryan K., 1989, RIGHT HEMISPHERE LAN Clegg J, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P128, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00342.x Dennis M, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P47, DOI 10.1023/A:1005661613288 Dunn L M., 1982, BRIT PICTURE VOCABUL Dunn L. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 176 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.05.002 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DI UT WOS:000263413700015 ER PT J AU Sikora, DM Hartley, SL Mccoy, R Gerrard-Morris, AE Dill, K AF Sikora, Darryn M. Hartley, Sigan L. Mccoy, Robin Gerrard-Morris, Aimee E. Dill, Kameron TI The performance of children with mental health disorders on the ADOS-G: A question of diagnostic utility SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ADOS-G; Diagnosis; Mental health disorders ID AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; ADI-R; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; RECOGNITION; CALIFORNIA AB Over the past few decades, the reported number of children identified as having one of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has increased exponentially. One proposed reason for the dramatic increase in the prevalence of ASD is diagnostic substitution, whereby children with other disorders incorrectly receive a diagnosis of ASD. Little research has examined whether standardized diagnostic measures of ASD can appropriately distinguish high functioning children with ASD from children with mental health disorders. The present study evaluated the diagnostic utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Generic (ADOS-G) Modules 3 and 4 in distinguishing ASD from mental health disorders in children and adolescents (aged 5-21 years) with at least average intellectual functioning. ADOS-G Modules 3 and 4 classifications were evaluated in 93 clinically referred children and adolescents with mental health disorders other than ASD. Fifteen percent of participants were misclassified as being in the Autism or Autism Spectrum category. This translates into a specificity score of 84.9%. Children and adolescents with a mood disorder had a higher likelihood of being misclassified than children and adolescents with other mental health disorders, while children and adolescents with a disruptive behavior disorder had a lower likelihood of being misclassified. Findings have implications for understanding the diagnostic usefulness of the ADOS-G and enhancing the diagnostic process for ASD. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Sikora, Darryn M.; Hartley, Sigan L.; Mccoy, Robin; Gerrard-Morris, Aimee E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child Dev & Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dill, Kameron] George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Sikora, DM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Child Dev & Rehabil Ctr, Dept Pediat, POB 574, Portland, OR 97207 USA. 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TI Autism: Alterations in auditory perception SO REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Review DE autism; diagnostic; auditory perception; evoked potentials; brainstem; music; language ID STEM EVOKED-RESPONSES; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EARLY INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN-STEM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NORMAL-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME AB Investigations made in previous decades about irregularities in auditory perception in individuals with autism are reviewed and revised clinical and theoretical implications are provided. Emphasis is placed on the fact that these auditory perception irregularities of people with autism are very important for the understanding of the symptoms, for the search of its etiology, for the implementation of an adequate treatment program, and for the formulation of an adequate theoretical explanation of the syndrome. C1 Univ San Pablo CEU, Det Psicol, Fac Med, Madrid & Asociac Nuevo Horizonte Las Rozas Madrid, Madrid 28008, Spain. RP Nieto Del Rincon, PL (reprint author), Univ San Pablo CEU, Det Psicol, Fac Med, Madrid & Asociac Nuevo Horizonte Las Rozas Madrid, C Tutor 35,4a Planta, Madrid 28008, Spain. 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I., 1967, REGIONAL DEV BRAIN E, P3 YOUNG RL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P231, DOI 10.1007/BF02179286 NR 149 TC 2 Z9 2 PU FREUND & PETTMAN PUBLISHERS PI EAST YORKSHIRE PA ENHOLMES HALL, PATRINGTON, EAST YORKSHIRE HU12 OPR, ENGLAND SN 0334-1763 J9 REV NEUROSCIENCE JI Rev. Neurosci. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 PG 18 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 305TF UT WOS:000256200000005 PM 18561821 ER PT J AU Benitez-Burraco, A AF Benitez-Burraco, A. TI Autism and language: some molecular aspects SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Review DE autism; comorbidity; genetic programme; language; molecular biology; SLI ID SUCCINIC SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; DEFICIENCY 4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACIDURIA; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; MAJOR SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CEREBELLAR DEVELOPMENT; MATERNAL EXPRESSION AB Introduction. Autism is a cognitive disorder that includes among its distinguishing symptoms a deficit in the pragmatic component of language. Yet, it seems that there are certain subtypes where other deficiencies have been seen to affect the phonological, lexical, syntactical and morphological components of language. Development. Linkage and association analyses aimed at identifying the genes that constitute causal or risk factors for the disorder have allowed researchers to identify certain loci that appear to be linked or associated to a statistically significant degree with autism endophenotypes of a linguistic nature. Conclusions. The target genes in this type of analysis play a number of different biological roles related with the development and functioning of the nervous system. On certain occasions, the loci thus identified coincide with others that had previously been linked to diverse language disorders (one paradigmatic case would be that of the chromosomal region 7q31 in relation to specific language disorder). This suggests that such disorders and autism might share a partially common genetic foundation that would account for the similarities observed between them at the phenotypic level. C1 Univ Oviedo, Fac Filol, Area Linguistica, Dept Filol Espanola, E-33011 Asturias, Spain. RP Benitez-Burraco, A (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Fac Filol, Area Linguistica, Dept Filol Espanola, Campus Humanidades El Milan, E-33011 Asturias, Spain. 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Neurologia PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 258JC UT WOS:000252863200009 PM 18214826 ER PT J AU Albores-Gallo, L Hernandez-Guzman, L Diaz-Pichardo, JA Cortes-Hernandez, B AF Albores-Gallo, Lilia Hernandez-Guzman, Laura Antonio Diaz-Pichardo, Juan Cortes-Hernandez, Beatriz TI Difficulties in assessing and measuring autism. A discussion SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE autism; Asperger; pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS); instruments; assessment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB The detection of autism is very important because the lack of recognition of this disorder has elevated costs for the families, health care and education providers. Diagnosis is made frequently four or five years after parents notice the first signs. The reasons for this delay are many, but a common one is the lack of recognition of key symptoms that can lead to a more complex diagnosis assessment. Another reason is that screening and diagnostic instruments are not well known by primary caregivers in health and education systems, as these professionals are the first to hear parents' concerns. Moreover the instruments are not well known because the cost of acquiring them and receiving formal training is very high. The need to make comparable assumptions of this complex disorder makes it important to use the some instruments as other countries. Growing efforts for an early recognition have been made in recent years because early intervention programs benefit children with autism. In the lost decade, important advances in the design of diagnostic and screening instruments have been made. These tools have primarily been used for clinical, epidemiological or research uses. In some countries their use has become routine in schools, leading to better detection and increasing prevalence rates of autism. Misdiagnosis is not uncommon in autism. Almost 60% of children with Asperger disorder first receive an erroneous diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, oppositionistic or bipolar disorder. Autism presents with a bizarre clinical picture during the years in which many thought it was untestable. Gradual characterization of behaviors and studying different aspects of the symptomatology had led to a better comprehension and descriptions. Most authors have incorporated this knowledge to design reliable instruments. The most common behaviors explored are: protodeclarative painting, joint attention, repetitive/ stereotyped movements and absence of characteristic symbolic play. This target behavior can be explored through the diverse rating scales and interviews. The instruments are very diverse and varing form, There are rating scales for parents to record their children symptoms and observation schedules to be completed by a clinician or trained professional for that purpose. The best approach is to combine modalities to include as much information as possible. CHAT (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) is a brief screening instrument intended to detect autism in toddlers. The first part consists of nine questions for parents to complete, while the second part is an observation schedule with five brief age-appropriate interactions with the children. This instrument is an important antecedent of more sophisticated and expanded play observation schedules. Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Modified (CHAT M) is a modified version which consists of an expansion of the parent questionnaire by eliminating the observational section. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is another instrument which assesses the severity of autism. This instrument is rated by clinicians or by trained observers. CARS was designed before DSM IV criteria were published so it does not contain an algorithm to distinguish between different developmental problems. In spite of this limitation, it is the most used rating scale for autism diagnosis. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5) is a broad bond rating scale which evaluates psychopathology of children between 18 months and five years old. It has a DSM oriented subscale to evaluate developmental problems such as autism or Asperger disorder. It also contains a withdrawn subscale which has proven to be useful as demonstrated by some studies done with the CBCL/4-18. This instrument also allows assessing other associated problems common in autistic children such as attention problems, depression and anxiety. The Language Developmental Survey (LDS) associated to this rating scale, gives the opportunity to screen vocabulary for the identification of language delays, which are common in children with pervasive developmental disorders. It was necessary to have more structured instruments to diagnose autism and not only for screening purposes, so in 1989 the first diagnostic interview was published. The instrument has gone through an extensive review and creative process which has led to the most important tools for diagnosing autism in adults and children. The Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) was published in 1989 and correlated to the ICD-10 definition of autism. The original ADI was intended primarily for research purposes, providing behavioral assessment for subjects with a chronological age of at least five years and a mental age of at least two years. The ADI explores three key domains defining autism: (I) reciprocal social interaction, (2) communication and language, and (3) repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. The Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised ADI-R is a semi/standardizer interview shorter than the ADI, which has been developed for clinical use. It is more appropriate for younger children than the ADI. The ADI-R takes from 2 to 3 hours to administer and can be used with children as young as two years of age (with a mental age greater than 18 months). It explores information about the child functioning in the present and the past. It contains an algorithm based on DSM criteria for autistic disorder, and allows for distinguishing between autistic disorder and non autistic disorder. Pre Linguistic Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-PL) is a modified version of the ADOS used to diagnose young children (under the age of six years) who are not yet using phrase speech. It is a semi-structured assessment of play, interaction, and social communication and takes about 30 minutes for a trained clinician to administer. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) is a standardized play observation schedule. Through structured play materials and activities promoted by the examiner, social interactions are rated for common autistic features like joint attention, protodeclarative pointing, quality of reciprocal social interaction and symbolic play. Different modules are available from one to four, with specified criteria to match the participants' developmental and language level. It contains an algorithm related to the DSM IV domains of an Autistic Disorder or PDD-NOS. The ADI, ADI/R, ADOS PL, and ADOS G are considered the gold standards for autism diagnosis. There are important reliable instruments for diagnosing autism but extensive training is needed to obtain useful diagnostic information. Since these instruments are very recent, they have not been validated in some countries and neither their cultural bias has been investigated. It is not enough to assess autistic symptoms only for diagnostic purposes; patients need further evaluation to determine their psychosocial functioning, cognitive abilities, and language delay or deviations. The information from these assessments is very important for planning well designed interventions. Even though there is a growing interest in perfecting these modern instruments, diagnosis cannot rely exclusively on them. They are important tools to facilitate the diagnosis, but broader assessment should be pursued. It is important to validate and culturally adapt these instruments so different countries can utilize the same tools and research results can be comparable. In the future more rating scales, observation schedules and diagnostic interviews will be developed for assessing Asperger disorder, to be used in genetic studies, for assessing broad bond syndromes. Better cognitive measures will be necessary to evaluate psychosocial impact. But this growing specialization will increase costs so it is important to develop briefer and more cost-effective methods to evaluate persons with autism. The availability of these tools will guarantee early diagnosis and treatment not only for research purposes but for identification in the community. C1 [Albores-Gallo, Lilia; Antonio Diaz-Pichardo, Juan; Cortes-Hernandez, Beatriz] Hosp Psiquiat Infantil Dr Juan N Navarro, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Hernandez-Guzman, Laura] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Psicol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Albores-Gallo, L (reprint author), Hosp Psiquiat Infantil Dr Juan N Navarro, San Buenaventura 86, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. 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TI Viral regulation of aquaporin 4, connexin 43, microcephalin and nucleolin SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human influenza; mouse; brain; schizophrenia; autism; microarray ID CAUSES DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; INFLUENZA A/WSN/33 VIRUS; GAP-JUNCTIONS; ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA; PRENATAL INFLUENZA; NEONATAL MICE; ANIMAL-MODEL; BRAIN EDEMA; RAT-BRAIN; INFECTION AB The current study investigated whether human influenza viral infection in midpregnancy leads to alterations in proteins involved in brain development. Human influenza viral infection was administered to E9 pregnant Balb/c mice. Brains of control and virally-exposed littermates were subjected to microarray analysis, SDS-PAGE and western blotting at three postnatal stages. Microarray analysis of virally-exposed mouse brains showed significant, two-fold change in expression of multiple genes in both neocortex and cerebellum when compared to sham-infected controls. Levels of mRNA and protein levels of four selected genes were examined in brains of exposed mice. Nucleolin mRNA was significantly decreased in day 0 and day 35 neocortex and significantly increased in day 35 cerebellum. Protein levels were significantly upregulated at days 35 and 56 in neocortex and at day 56 in cerebellum. Connexin 43 protein levels were significantly decreased at day 56 in neocortex. Aquaporin 4 mRNA was significantly decreased in day 0 neocortex. Aquaporin 4 protein levels decreased in neocortex significantly at day 35. Finally, microcephalin mRNA was significantly decreased in day 56 neocortex and protein levels were significantly decreased at 56 cerebellum. These data suggest that influenza viral infection in midpregnancy in mice leads to long-term changes in brain markers for enhanced ribosome genesis (nucleolin), increased production of immature neurons (microcephalin), and abnormal glial-neuronal communication and neuron migration (connexin 43 and aquaporin 4). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.; Reutiman, Teri J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sidwell, Robert W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, MMC 392,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.031 PG 15 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 253BQ UT WOS:000252494100020 PM 17997079 ER PT J AU Bhatt, H Huntley, E Monaghan, M Alfano, CA Lewin, DS AF Bhatt, H. Huntley, E. Monaghan, M. Alfano, C. A. Lewin, D. S. TI Parent reported sleep complaints in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Bhatt, H.; Huntley, E.; Monaghan, M.; Alfano, C. A.; Lewin, D. S.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Huntley, E.] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 275 BP A90 EP A91 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000275 ER PT J AU Giannotti, F Cortesi, F Cerquiglini, A Sebastiani, T Bernabei, P AF Giannotti, F. Cortesi, F. Cerquiglini, A. Sebastiani, T. Bernabei, P. TI Treatment of sleep disorders in childhood autism with melatonin or behavioral therapy. A randomized waiting-list controlled study SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Giannotti, F.; Cortesi, F.; Cerquiglini, A.; Sebastiani, T.; Bernabei, P.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ctr Pediat Sleep Disorders, Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S BP A58 EP A58 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000177 ER PT J AU Hopson, J Mindell, JA AF Hopson, J. Mindell, J. A. TI Sleep patterns of residentially-based adolescents with autism SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Hopson, J.; Mindell, J. A.] St Josephs Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Mindell, J. A.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 977 BP A322 EP A322 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419001406 ER PT J AU Reed, HE Artibee, K McGrew, SG Goldman, SE Frank, K Malow, BA AF Reed, H. E. Artibee, K. McGrew, S. G. Goldman, S. E. Frank, K. Malow, B. A. TI Sleep education classes for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Frank, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 859 BP A281 EP A281 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419001288 ER PT J AU Tessier, S Bolduc, C Limoges, E Menarde, E Mottron, L Godbout, R AF Tessier, S. Bolduc, C. Limoges, E. Menarde, E. Mottron, L. Godbout, R. TI Sleep EEG in autism and performance on the embedded figure test SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 07-12, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD C1 [Tessier, S.; Bolduc, C.; Limoges, E.; Godbout, R.] Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Sleep Lab & Clin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Neurodev Disorders Program, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Tessier, S.; Bolduc, C.; Limoges, E.; Menarde, E.; Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Hop Riviere Des Prairies, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2008 VL 31 SU S MA 36 BP A11 EP A12 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 294PW UT WOS:000255419000037 ER PT J AU Davidson, J AF Davidson, Joyce TI Autistic culture online: virtual communication and cultural expression on the spectrum SO SOCIAL & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE autism; autobiographies; communication; disability cultures; Internet; social inclusion ID DISABILITY; IDENTITY; VOICES; PEOPLE; ISSUES AB Drawing on first-hand accounts of the Autism Spectrum (AS), this paper argues that that there are distinctive autistic styles of communication. It suggests that these differences can usefully be conceptualized in Wittgensteinian terms as 'language games', and further, that these are associated with an autistic culture emerging alongside their practice, particularly online. The Internet is shown to be an appropriate, accommodating medium for those on the spectrum, given characteristic preferences for communication at a socio-spatial distance. The Internet has potential implications for AS social exclusion/inclusion, and hopes expressed in AS writings are high; one author claims that '[t]he impact of the Internet on autistics may one day be compared to the spread of sign language among the deaf' (Singer 1999: 67). This paper investigates such claims, and the extent to which those with autism describe using the Internet to connect with similar Others, not just for social support, but to organize and advocate for recognition of autistic cultural difference. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Mackintosh Corry Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. 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Cult. Geogr. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 7 BP 791 EP 806 DI 10.1080/14649360802382586 PG 16 WC Geography SC Geography GA 354NW UT WOS:000259647300004 ER PT J AU Chamak, B AF Chamak, Brigitte TI Autism and social movements: French parents' associations and international autistic individuals' organisations SO SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS LA English DT Article DE autism; social movements; parents' associations; autistic people's associations; disability movement; self-help groups ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SELF-HELP GROUPS; INTERNET; CONSTRUCTION; CHILDREN; PATIENT; FRANCE AB The aim of this empirical investigation is to analyse the social movements brought about by autism-related issues. It is suggested that both the autism-category changes in the late 1980s, and the development of educational and behavioural methods in the United States, have given rise to a large-scale mobilisation around the changes in the definition of autism and interventions in many countries. The present paper highlights the historical dynamics of the mobilisation of French parents' associations and the engagement of autistic persons' organisations. The role of the French parents' associations has been studied over the last 40 years to show how they have contributed to shaping public policy in France and how they have favoured the American model of autism despite the French professionals' resistance. At the international level, the newly-born associations of autistic individuals have introduced new actors who sometimes reproach the parents' associations for speaking on their behalf. These new associations, such as self-help groups, have a political identity problem. Their members no longer want to be considered as patients but as individuals with a different cognitive mode of functioning. Their actions can be analysed in the broader context of the disability movement. If the disability movement is considered as the latest generation of social movements, the action of autistic persons can be viewed as the latest generation of the disability movements. C1 Univ Paris 05, CESAMES Ctr Rech Psychotropes Sante Mentale Soc, F-75270 Paris 0, France. RP Chamak, B (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, CESAMES Ctr Rech Psychotropes Sante Mentale Soc, 45 Rue St Peres, F-75270 Paris 0, France. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 111 IS 1 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 245PR UT WOS:000251948200018 ER PT J AU Kuppers, P AF Kuppers, Petra TI Dancing Autism: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime and Bedlam SO TEXT AND PERFORMANCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Disability; Literature; Performance; Dance; Mark Haddon; FrenetiCore AB This essay reads Mark Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime and a dance performance by the Houston-based group FrenetiCore as sites at which autism is under construction. C1 [Kuppers, Petra] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kuppers, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hosp, Dept English, 3216 Angell Hall, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 205 DI 10.1080/10462930701754465 PG 14 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 404DK UT WOS:000263130700014 ER PT J AU Farkas-Klein, C AF Farkas-Klein, Chamarrita TI Parental Evaluation Scale (EEP): Development, Psychometric Properties and Applications SO UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA LA Spanish DT Article DE Maternal Self-Efficacy; Instrument Development; Psychometric Testing; Early Infancy ID MATERNAL SELF-EFFICACY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB The Parental Evaluation Scale is a self-administered measure to assess satisfaction and self-efficacy feelings about motherhood in women with children aged 0-2 years. The EEP was initially composed of 20 items and was tested on 100 Chilean mothers with infants less that 12 months old. Content validity analysis and discriminative analysis of the items was performed. 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PY 2008 VL 7 IS 2 BP 457 EP 467 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 397IF UT WOS:000262655400011 ER PT J AU Nishimura, M Rutherford, MD Maurer, D AF Nishimura, Mayu Rutherford, M. D. Maurer, Daphne TI Converging evidence of configural processing of faces in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorders SO VISUAL COGNITION LA English DT Article ID THATCHER ILLUSION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INVERTED FACES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; INVERSION; INDIVIDUALS; PARTS AB There is conflicting evidence about whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate configural processing of faces. We examined two types of configural processing of unfamiliar faces in high-functioning adults with ASD: Holistic processing (processing a face as a gestalt percept) and processing of second-order relations (the spatial relations among facial features, e. g., distance between two eyes). Compared to age-and IQ-matched typical adults, 17 adults with ASD demonstrated normal holistic processing (as demonstrated by the composite face effect), normal sensitivity to second-order relations in upright faces, and the expected disruption of sensitivity to second-order relations in inverted faces. They were also normal in using the internal features and shape of the external contour to make same/different judgements about facial identity. The results provide converging evidence of configural processing of unfamiliar faces in high-functioning adults with ASD, and bring into question the generalizability of previous reports of abnormal face processing in individuals with ASD. C1 [Nishimura, Mayu; Rutherford, M. D.; Maurer, Daphne] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Rutherford, MD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. 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Cogn. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 7 BP 859 EP 891 DI 10.1080/13506280701538514 PG 33 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 354NH UT WOS:000259645800002 ER PT J AU Kaiser, MD Shiffrar, M AF Kaiser, Martha D. Shiffrar, Maggie TI Individual differences in perceptual sensitivity to emotional human movement SO VISUAL COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting on Object Perception, Attention and Memory CY 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID AUTISM C1 [Kaiser, Martha D.; Shiffrar, Maggie] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Kaiser, MD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, 301 Smith Hall,101 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM mkaiser@psychology.rutgers.edu CR Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Blake R, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P151, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.01434 Boddaert N, 2004, NEUROIMAGE, V23, P364, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.016 Chouchourelou A, 2006, SOC NEUROSCI, V1, P63, DOI 10.1080/17470910600630599 Howard MA, 2000, NEUROREPORT, V11, P2931, DOI 10.1097/00001756-200009110-00020 KAISER MD, 2008, ANN INT M AUT RES LO NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1350-6285 J9 VIS COGN JI Vis. Cogn. PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1115 EP 1119 PG 5 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 370XX UT WOS:000260797500011 ER PT J AU Higgins, KK Koch, LC Boughfman, EM Vierstra, C AF Higgins, Kristin K. Koch, Lynn C. Boughfman, Erica M. Vierstra, Courtney TI School-to-work transition and Asperger Syndrome SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism spectrum disorders; pervasive developmental disorders; school-to-work transition ID AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS AB Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by underdeveloped social and communication skills. Despite the fact that most individuals with AS have average to above average cognitive abilities, characteristics of the disorder can cause extreme difficulties in these two domains. While increased attention has been given to the developmental characteristics and educational support needs of children with AS, few studies have focused on the psychosocial and vocational characteristics of emerging adults with AS and the supports they need to succeed in the workplace. This article examines the school-to-work transition of individuals with AS. Psychosocial and vocational characteristics of AS are identified and potential work challenges for these individuals are discussed. The article concludes with specific recommendations for facilitating successful school-to-work transitions for consumers with AS. C1 [Higgins, Kristin K.] Univ Arkansas, Counselor Educ Program, Dept Rehabil Human Resources & Commun Disorders, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Vierstra, Courtney] Kent State Univ, Dept Educ Fdn & Special Serv, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Higgins, KK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Counselor Educ Program, Dept Rehabil Human Resources & Commun Disorders, 135 Grad Educ Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kkhiggi@uark.edu CR Adreon D, 2007, INTERV SCH CLIN, V42, P271, DOI 10.1177/10534512070420050201 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G Attwood T., 2007, COMPLETE GUIDE ASPER BAUER S, ASPERGER SYNDROME BORDIN ES, WORKING ALLIANCE THE, P13 BOWEN C, SEMANTIC PRAGMATIC D Clements J., 2000, BEHAV AUTISTIC SPECT Dillon M. 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M., 2007, SCH SUCCESS KIDS ASP Telzrow C. F., 2003, J APPL REHABILITATIO, V34, P9 VANWIERREN TA, WORK IN PRESS WAHLBERG T, 2001, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DI Wehman P, 2007, J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB, V22, P95 *WHO, 2007, F00F99 WHO, pCH5 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1051-9815 J9 WORK JI Work PY 2008 VL 31 IS 3 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 373HD UT WOS:000260960700003 PM 19029670 ER PT J AU Van Wieren, TA Reid, CA McMahon, BT AF Van Wieren, Todd A. Reid, Christine A. McMahon, Brian T. TI Workplace discrimination and autism spectrum disorders: The National EEOC Americans with Disabilities Act Research project SO WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; EMPLOYMENT AB Using the Integrated Mission System of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the employment discrimination experience of Americans with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is documented for Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. The researchers examine demographic characteristics of the charging parties; the industry designation, location, and size of employers against whom complaints are filed; the nature of discrimination (i.e., type of complaint) alleged to occur; and the legal outcome or resolution of these complaints. Researchers compare and contrast these key dimensions of workplace discrimination involving individuals with ASDs and persons with other physical, sensory, and neurological impairments. Researchers also attempt to discern whether or not the resolutions of the ASD charges can be predicted using the variables available for analysis. The comparative findings of this study indicate that individuals with ASDs were more likely to make charges of discrimination against Retail industry employers. Persons with ASDs were also more likely to make charges of discrimination when they were younger, male, and/or of Native American/Alaskan Native ethnicity. The predictive findings of this study indicate that the odds of ASD charges resulting in meritorious resolution (i.e., discrimination determined by the EEOC to have occurred) increase when the discrimination was encountered in Service industries and by larger employers. Implications for policy, advocacy and further research efforts are addressed. C1 [Reid, Christine A.; McMahon, Brian T.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Rehabil Counseling, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. 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VPA is a histone deacetylase (Hdac) inhibitor which affects gene transcription by altering the chromatin structure. We examined abnormalities on brain development in VPA treated autistic model mice. First, we evaluated the brain weight of prenatally VPA-treated mice. Prenatal VPA treatment significantly reduced the brain weight on postnatal day 0, 5, and 10. It might be caused by growth retardation of brain cells. VPA treatment induced growth retardation in primary cultured embryonic glial cells. Flowcytometric analysis suggested that VPA treatment blocked the cell cycle at M-phase. With regard to the effect of VPA on neuronal circuit development, we quantitated polysialic acid (PSA), which is known as an immature neuronal marker and associated with synaptic plasticity, in the VPA-treated mouse brain. PSA was significantly increased in the hippocampus on postnatal days 5 and 10, while in the cortex, cerebellum, and striatum, no significant differences were observed. And the increase of PSA induced by VPA was also observed in primary cultured hippocampal neurons but not glial cells. In addition, VPA stimulated neurite elongation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. These abnormality induced by VPA treatment might cause autistic symptoms. C1 Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Epigenet Med, Yamanashi, Japan. RP Nagai, K (reprint author), Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Epigenet Med, Yamanashi, Japan. CR Canger AK, 2004, GLYCOBIOLOGY, V14, P83, DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwh014 Costa LG, 2002, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V23, P685, DOI 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00009-8 Redcay E, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V58, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.026 Wagner GC, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P779, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0117-y NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-12-15 SHIBUYA, SHIBUYA-KU, TOKYO, 150-0002, JAPAN SN 0031-6903 J9 YAKUGAKU ZASSHI JI Yakugaku Zasshi-J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. PY 2008 VL 128 SU 3 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 348AD UT WOS:000259182300020 ER PT S AU Buckner, RL Andrews-Hanna, JR Schacter, DL AF Buckner, Randy L. Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R. Schacter, Daniel L. BE Kingstone, A Miller, MB TI The brain's default network - Anatomy, function, and relevance to disease SO YEAR IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2008 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article DE default mode; default system; default network; fMRI; PET; hippocampus; memory; schizophrenia; Alzheimer ID RESTING-STATE NETWORKS; STIMULUS-INDEPENDENT THOUGHT; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; MONKEY RETROSPLENIAL CORTEX; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX; TASK-INDUCED DEACTIVATION; BOLD SIGNAL FLUCTUATIONS; MENTAL TIME-TRAVEL AB Thirty years of brain imaging research has converged to define the brain's default network-a novel and only recently appreciated brain system that participates in internal modes of cognition. Here we synthesize past observations to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment. Analysis of connectional anatomy in the monkey supports the presence of an interconnected brain system. Providing insight into function, the default network is active when individuals are engaged in internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others. Probing the functional anatomy of the network in detail reveals that it is best understood as multiple interacting subsystems. The medial temporal lobe subsystem provides information from prior experiences in the form of memories and associations that are the building blocks of mental simulation. The medial prefrontal subsystem facilitates the flexible use of this information during the construction of self-relevant mental simulations. These two subsystems converge on important nodes of integration including the posterior cingulate cortex. The implications of these functional and anatomical observations are discussed in relation to possible adaptive roles of the default network for using past experiences to plan for the future, navigate social interactions, and maximize the utility of moments when we are not otherwise engaged by the external world. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the default network for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. C1 [Buckner, Randy L.; Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.; Schacter, Daniel L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02148 USA. [Buckner, Randy L.; Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.] Harvard Univ, Ctr Brain Sci, Cambridge, MA 02148 USA. [Buckner, Randy L.; Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 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PY 2008 VL 1124 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1196/annals.1440.011 PG 38 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BHX09 UT WOS:000257139500002 PM 18400922 ER PT J AU Kamp-Becker, I AF Kamp-Becker, Inge TI Children with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder(ASD). Manual for Therapists, Parents and Teachers SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Book Review CR BERNARDOPITZ V, 2007, KINDER AUTISMUS SPEK NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-4917 J9 Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH JI Z. Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2008 VL 36 IS 6 BP 449 EP 449 DI 10.1024/1422-4917.36.6.449 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 382JA UT WOS:000261600900013 ER PT J AU Johnson, S Wolke, D Marlow, N AF Johnson, Samantha Wolke, Dieter Marlow, Neil TI Outcome monitoring in preterm populations - Measures and methods SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE preterm; infant; outcome; assessment; development ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT DEVELOPMENT-II; SCHOOL-AGE OUTCOMES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PREMATURELY BORN CHILDREN; BAYLEY-SCALES; FOLLOW-UP; DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; MENTAL-DEVELOPMENT AB Routine neurodevelopmental follow-up is crucial in high-risk populations, such as those born very preterm. Even in the absence of severe neurosensory impairment, very preterm children are at risk for a range of long-term cognitive, motor, and learning deficits. Infant developmental assessments are typically carried out at 2 years of age for both clinical and research purposes, and they are crucial for outcome monitoring. We review psychometric tests of infant developmental functioning most widely used as outcome measures for very preterm infants and other high-risk populations. We also consider parent-based assessments and methodological issues pertaining to the use of these tools in large-scale research studies and in outcome monitoring in this population. C1 [Johnson, Samantha; Marlow, Neil] Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Inst Neurosci, Div Child Hlth, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. [Wolke, Dieter] Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Inst Neurosci, Div Child Hlth, E Floor,E Block,Derby Rd, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. 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S. Shankaranarayana Smith, Gordon B. Auerbach, Benjamin D. Chattarji, Sumantra Bear, Mark F. TI Correction of fragile X syndrome in mice SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MOUSE MODEL; EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGES; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; OCULAR DOMINANCE; ANTAGONIST MPEP; VISUAL-CORTEX AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of heritable mental retardation and the leading identified cause of autism. FXS is caused by transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene that encodes the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), but the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. According to one proposal, many psychiatric and neurological symptoms of FXS result from unchecked activation of mGluR5, a metabotropic glutamate receptor. To test this idea we generated Fmr1 mutant mice with a 50% reduction in mGluR5 expression and studied a range of phenotypes with relevance to the human disorder. Our results demonstrate that mGluR5 contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease, a finding that has significant therapeutic implications for fragile X and related developmental disorders. C1 [Dolen, Gul; Osterweil, Emily; Smith, Gordon B.; Auerbach, Benjamin D.; Bear, Mark F.] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dolen, Gul] Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Dolen, Gul] Div Biol & Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rao, B. S. Shankaranarayana] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Dept Neurophysiol, Bangalore 560002, Karnataka, India. [Chattarji, Sumantra] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560002, Karnataka, India. RP Bear, MF (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Howard Hughes Med Inst, E25-618, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 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Leone, Philippe Sulzenbacher, Gerlind Comoletti, Davide Miller, Meghan T. Taylor, Palmer Bourne, Yves Marchot, Pascale TI Structural analysis of the synaptic protein neuroligin and its beta-neurexin complex: Determinants for folding and cell adhesion SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AUTISM REVEALS; LNS DOMAIN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BINDING; SEQUENCE; MUTATION AB The neuroligins are postsynaptic cell adhesion proteins whose associations with presynaptic neurexins participate in synaptogenesis. Mutations in the neuroligin and neurexin genes appear to be associated with autism and mental retardation. The crystal structure of a neuroligin reveals features not found in its catalytically active relatives, such as the fully hydrophobic interface forming the functional neuroligin dimer; the conformations of surface loops surrounding the vestigial active center; the location of determinants that are critical for folding and processing; and the absence of a macromolecular dipole and presence of an electronegative, hydrophilic surface for neurexin binding. The structure of a beta-neurexin-neuroligin complex reveals the precise orientation of the bound neurexin and, despite a limited resolution, provides substantial information on the Ca2+- dependent interactions network involved in trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin association. These structures exemplify how an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold varies in surface topography to confer adhesion properties and provide templates for analyzing abnormal processing or recognition events associated with autism. 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Ozkan, Engin Strop, Pavel Newell, Evan Sudhof, Thomas C. Brunger, Axel T. TI Structures of neuroligin-1 and the Neuroligin-l/Neurexin-1 beta complex reveal specificprotein-protein and protein-Ca(2+) interactions SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID BETA-NEUREXINS; CELL-ADHESION; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; CA2+ BINDING; LNS DOMAIN; NMR SYSTEM; X-RAY; AUTISM; SYNAPSE; GENE AB Neurexins and neuroligins provide trans-synaptic connectivity by the Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of their alternatively spliced extracellular domains. Neuroligins specify synapses in an activity-dependent manner, presumably by binding to neurexins. Here, we present the crystal structures of neuroligin-1 in isolation and in complex with neurexin-1 beta. Neuroligin-1 forms a constitutive dimer, and two neurexin-1 beta monomers bind to two identical surfaces on the opposite faces of the neuroligin-1 dimer to form a heterotetramer. The neuroligin-1/neurexin-1 beta complex exhibits a nanomolar affinity and includes a large binding interface that contains bound Ca(2+). Alternatively spliced sites in neurexin-1 beta and in neuroligin-1 are positioned nearby the binding interface, explaining how they regulate the interaction. Structure-based mutations of neuroligin-1 at the interface disrupt binding to neurexin-1 beta, but not the folding of neuroligin-1 and confirm the validity of the binding interface of the neuroligin-1/neurexin1 beta complex. Our results provide molecular insights for understanding the role of cell-adhesion proteins in synapse function. C1 [Arac, Demet; Boucard, Antony A.; Strop, Pavel; Sudhof, Thomas C.; Brunger, Axel T.] Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arac, Demet; Ozkan, Engin; Strop, Pavel; Brunger, Axel T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arac, Demet; Ozkan, Engin; Strop, Pavel; Brunger, Axel T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arac, Demet; Strop, Pavel; Brunger, Axel T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arac, Demet; Strop, Pavel; Brunger, Axel T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Photon Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Newell, Evan] Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boucard, Antony A.; Sudhof, Thomas C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Neurosci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Boucard, Antony A.; Sudhof, Thomas C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Mol Genet, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 298 IS 22 BP 2610 EP 2610 DI 10.1001/jama.298.22.2610 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 239VJ UT WOS:000251546100003 PM 18073354 ER PT J AU Bird, G Leighton, J Press, C Heyes, C AF Bird, Geoffrey Leighton, Jane Press, Clare Heyes, Cecilia TI Intact automatic imitation of human and robot actions in autism spectrum disorders SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE imitation; autism; mirror neuron; mirror system; animacy ID MIRROR; MOVEMENT; OTHERS; INDIVIDUALS; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; DEFICITS; CHILDREN AB The existence of a specialized imitation module in humans is hotly debated. Studies suggesting a specific imitation impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) support a modular view. However, the voluntary imitation tasks used in these studies (which require socio-cognitive abilities in addition to imitation for successful performance) cannot support claims of a specific impairment. Accordingly, an automatic imitation paradigm (a 'cleaner' measure of imitative ability) was used to assess the imitative ability of 16 adults with ASD and 16 non-autistic matched control participants. Participants performed a prespecified hand action in response to observed hand actions performed either by a human or a robotic hand. On compatible trials the stimulus and response actions matched, while on incompatible trials the two actions did not match. Replicating previous findings, the Control group showed an automatic imitation effect: responses on compatible trials were faster than those on incompatible trials. This effect was greater when responses were made to human than to robotic actions ('animacy bias'). 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PD DEC 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1628 BP 3027 EP 3031 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.1019 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 236BV UT WOS:000251278900015 PM 17911053 ER PT J AU Philippi, A Tores, F Carayol, J Rousseau, F Letexier, M Roschmann, E Lindenbaum, P Benajjou, A Fontaine, K Vazart, C Gesnouin, P Brooks, P Hager, J AF Philippi, Anne Tores, Frederic Carayol, Jerome Rousseau, Francis Letexier, Melanie Roschmann, Elke Lindenbaum, Pierre Benajjou, Abdel Fontaine, Karine Vazart, Celine Gesnouin, Philippe Brooks, Peter Hager, Joerg TI Association of autism with polymorphisms in the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) on chromosome 5q31: a candidate gene analysis SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CARRIER SLC25A12 GENE; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; BETA-ENDORPHIN; LINKAGE; SCREEN; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; POPULATION; MUTATIONS AB Background: Autism is a complex, heterogeneous, behaviorally-defined disorder characterized by disruptions of the nervous system and of other systems such as the pituitary-hypothalamic axis. In a previous genome wide screen, we reported linkage of autism with a 1.2 Megabase interval on chromosome 5q31. For the current study, we hypothesized that 3 of the genes in this region could be involved in the development of autism: 1) paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1), which is a key regulator of hormones within the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, 2) neurogenin 1, a transcription factor involved in neurogenesis, and 3) histone family member Y (H2AFY), which is involved in X-chromosome inactivation in females and could explain the 4: 1 male: female gender distortion present in autism. Methods: A total of 276 families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) repository composed of 1086 individuals including 530 affected children were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging the three candidate genes were genotyped on the initial linkage sample of 116 families. A second step of analysis was performed using tightly linked SNPs covering the PITX1 gene. Association was evaluated using the FBAT software version 1.7.3 for single SNP analysis and the HBAT command from the same package for haplotype analysis respectively. Results: Association between SNPs and autism was only detected for PITX1. Haplotype analysis within PITX1 showed evidence for overtransmission of the A-C haplotype of markers rs11959298 - rs6596189 (p=0.0004). Individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the A-C haplotype risk allele were 2.54 and 1.59 fold more likely to be autistic than individuals who were not carrying the allele, respectively. Conclusion: Strong and consistent association was observed between a 2 SNPs within PITX1 and autism. Our data suggest that PITX1, a key regulator of hormones within the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, may be implicated in the etiology of autism. C1 [Philippi, Anne; Tores, Frederic; Carayol, Jerome; Rousseau, Francis; Letexier, Melanie; Roschmann, Elke; Lindenbaum, Pierre; Benajjou, Abdel; Fontaine, Karine; Vazart, Celine; Gesnouin, Philippe; Brooks, Peter; Hager, Joerg] IntegraGen SA, F-91000 Evry, France. RP Hager, J (reprint author), IntegraGen SA, 5 Rue Henri Desbrueres,Genopole Campus 1, F-91000 Evry, France. 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This study represents a first effort to examine clinical and phenotypic findings in individuals with autism from African American families. Drawing from an ongoing genetic study of autism we compared African American (N=46, mean age=118 months) and Caucasian (N=298, mean age=105 months) groups on autism symptoms and developmental language symptoms. The African American group showed greater delays in language but did not differ from the Caucasian group on core autism symptoms. These findings, while suggestive of a more severe phenotype, may reflect an ascertainment bias. Nonetheless, we believe that more studies of racial-ethnic groups should be conducted with several goals in mind including strengthening recruiting strategies to include more ethnic-racial groups and more thoughtful evaluation of phenotypic traits. Such considerations will aid greatly in the search for genetic variants in autism. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. 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Kostelnik, Bryan Holmes, Brian Goradia, Dhruman McDermott, Michael Diwadkar, Vaibhav Keshavan, Matcheri TI FMRI BOLD response to the eyes task in offspring from multiplex alcohol dependence families SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fMRI eyes task; theory of mind (ToM); right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG); high risk offspring; alcohol dependence. ID AMYGDALA RESPONSE; MIRROR NEURONS; RECOGNITION; MIND; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PERSONALITY; INTERVIEW; DEFICITS; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS AB Background: Increased susceptibility for developing alcohol dependence (AD) may be related to structural and functional differences in brain circuits that influence social cognition and more specifically, theory of mind (ToM). Alcohol dependent individuals have a greater likelihood of having deficits in social skills and greater social alienation. These characteristics may be related to inherited differences in the neuroanatomical network that comprises the social brain. Methods: Adolescent/young adult participants from multiplex AD families and controls (n = 16) were matched for gender, age, IQ, education, and handedness and administered the Eyes Task of Baron-Cohen during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: High-risk (HR) subjects showed significantly diminished blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in comparison with low-risk control young adults in the right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), areas that have previously been implicated in ToM tasks. Conclusions: Offspring from multiplex families for AD may manifest one aspect of their genetic susceptibility by having a diminished BOLD response in brain regions associated with performance of ToM tasks. These results suggest that those at risk for developing AD may have reduced ability to empathize with others' state of mind, possibly resulting in diminished social skill. 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Cuccaro, M. L. Martin, E. R. TI Multifactor dimensionality reduction-phenomics: A novel method to capture genetic heterogeneity with use of phenotypic variables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; COMPLEX DISEASE; SIMULATED DATA; HAPLOTYPE MAP; HUMAN GENOME; ASSOCIATION; AUTISM; MODELS AB Complex human diseases do not have a clear inheritance pattern, and it is expected that risk involves multiple genes with modest effects acting independently or interacting. Major challenges for the identification of genetic effects are genetic heterogeneity and difficulty in analyzing high-order interactions. To address these challenges, we present MDR-Phenomics, a novel approach based on the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method, to detect genetic effects in pedigree data by integration of phenotypic covariates (PCs) that may reflect genetic heterogeneity. The P value of the test is calculated using a permutation test adjusted for multiple tests. To validate MDR-Phenomics, we compared it with two MDR-based methods: (1) traditional MDR pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) without consideration of PCs (MDR-PDT) and (2) stratified phenotype (SP) analysis based on PCs, with use of MDR-PDT with a Bonferroni adjustment (SP-MDR). Using computer simulations, we examined the statistical power and type I error of the different approaches under several genetic models and sampling scenarios. We conclude that MDR-Phenomics is more powerful than MDR-PDT and SP-MDR when there is genetic heterogeneity, and the statistical power is affected by sample size and the number of PC levels. We further compared MDR-Phenomics with conditional logistic regression (CLR) for testing interactions across single or multiple loci with consideration of PC. The results show that CLR with PC has only slightly smaller power than does MDR-Phenomics for single-locus analysis but has considerably smaller power for multiple loci. Finally, by applying MDR-Phenomics to autism, a complex disease in which multiple genes are believed to confer risk, we attempted to identify multiple gene effects in two candidate genes of interest - the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and the integrin beta 3 gene (ITGB3) on chromosome 17. Analyzing four markers in SLC6A4 and four markers in ITGB3 in 117 white family triads with autism and using sex of the proband as a PC, we found significant interaction between two markers - rs1042173 in SLC6A4 and rs3809865 in ITGB3. C1 Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33101 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Martin, ER (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Genom, POB 019132 M-860, Miami, FL 33101 USA. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1297 DI 10.1086/522S90 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 233NY UT WOS:000251098800015 PM 17999366 ER PT J AU Okamoto, N Kubota, T Nakamura, Y Murakami, R Nishikubo, T Tanaka, I Takahashi, Y Hayashi, S Imoto, I Inazawa, J Hosokai, N Kohsaka, S Uchino, S AF Okamoto, Nobuhiko Kubota, Takeo Nakamura, Yutaka Murakami, Ryusuke Nishikubo, Toshiya Tanaka, Ichiro Takahashi, Yukihiro Hayashi, Shin Imoto, Issei Inazawa, Johji Hosokai, Noboru Kohsaka, Shinichi Uchino, Shigeo TI 22q13 microduplication in two patients with common clinical manifestations: A recognizable syndrome? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE comparative genomic hybridization; the 22q13 microduplication syndrome; the 22q13 deletion syndrome; mental retardation; SHANK3 ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; DELETION SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM; DUPLICATION; SHANK3 AB We report here on two unrelated patients (Patients 1 and 2) with a cryptic microduplication involving a 22q13 segment. Both patients manifested infantile hypotonia, developmental delay, and growth deficiency. In addition, an abnormal signal intensity area was detected in the frontal white matter of Patient 2 by brain MRI. Whole-genome microarray comparative genomic hybridization for Patient 1 and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with 22q-subtelomeric probes performed in both patients showed a submicroscopic 22q13 duplication that involved the SHANK3 gene. The duplication in Patient I was de novo type, while that in Patient 2 was derived from a familial 17;22 translocation. The presence of common clinical manifestations in the two patients with the common duplicated region led to a conclusion that 22q terminal duplication is a recognizable clinical entity, that is, the 22q13 microduplication syndrome. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Osaka Med Ctr, Dept Planning & Res, Osaka 5941101, Japan. Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Dept Epigenet Med, Yamanashi, Japan. Awaji Prefectural Hosp, Dept Pediat, Hyogo, Japan. Nara Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Nara, Japan. Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Med Res Inst, Dept Mol Cytogenet, Tokyo, Japan. Mitsubishi Kagaku Bioclin Lab, Div Res & Dev, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurochem, Tokyo, Japan. RP Okamoto, N (reprint author), Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Osaka Med Ctr, Dept Planning & Res, 840 Murodo-cho, Osaka 5941101, Japan. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 23 BP 2804 EP 2809 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31771 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 237DR UT WOS:000251353800007 PM 17975801 ER PT J AU Goorden, SMI van Woerden, GM van der Weerd, L Cheadle, JP Elgersma, Y AF Goorden, Susanna M. I. van Woerden, Geeske M. van der Weerd, Louise Cheadle, Jeremy P. Elgersma, Ype TI Cognitive deficits in Tsc1(+/-)mice in the absence of cerebral lesions and seizures SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; EKER RAT MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; TSC2 GENE; LETHALITY; EPILEPSY; PLASTICITY; MORPHOLOGY; CARCINOMA; PROTEINS AB Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by brain lesions, epilepsy, increased incidence of mental retardation and autism. The causal link between lesion load and epilepsy on cognitive disabilities has been debated, and these factors explain only part of the intelligence quotient variability. A Tsc2 rat model of the disease provided evidence that the TSC genes are directly involved in neuronal function. However, these lesion- and epilepsy-free animals did not show learning deficits, leaving open the possibility that the presence of brain lesions or epilepsy is a prerequisite for the cognitive deficits to fully develop. Here, we reinvestigated the relation among cerebral lesions, epilepsy, and cognitive function using Tsc1(+/-)mice. Methods: We used immunocytochemistry and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to study the presence of neuronal pathology in Tsc1(+/-)mice. We used the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, social interaction, and nest building test to study the presence of cognitive and social deficits. Results: We observed no spontaneous seizures or cerebral lesions in the brains of Tsc1(+/-)mice. In addition, giant dysmorphic cells Were absent, and spine number and dendritic branching appeared to be normal. Nevertheless, Tsc1(+/-)mice showed impaired learning in the hippocampus-sensitive versions of the learning tasks and impaired social behavior. Interpretation: Tsc1(+/-)mice show social and cognitive deficits in the absence of apparent cerebral pathology and spontaneous seizures. These findings support a model in which haploinsufficiency for the TSC genes leads to aberrations in neuronal functioning resulting in impaired learning and social behavior. C1 [Goorden, Susanna M. I.; van Woerden, Geeske M.; Elgersma, Ype] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van der Weerd, Louise] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat, Leiden, Netherlands. [van der Weerd, Louise] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [Cheadle, Jeremy P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Elgersma, Y (reprint author), Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. 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Neurol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 BP 648 EP 655 DI 10.1002/ana.21317 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 248AM UT WOS:000252123700014 PM 18067135 ER PT J AU Assumpcao, FB Adamo, S AF Assumpcao, Francisco B., Jr. Adamo, Samanta TI Smell recognition in pervasive developmental disorders SO ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA LA Portuguese DT Article DE child development disorders; pervasive; smell ID AUTISM; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; ODORS; ADHD AB Aim: To evaluate smell recognition in pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Method: Twenty-one PDD (experimental group) and 21 matched controls (control group) male adolescents were submitted to a standardized, 12-stimuli, smell battery in three moments: with no identification suggestion; associated to four linguistic alternatives for each stimulus, and submitted again, 25 days after, with no linguistic alternatives. Data was analyzed by t test and variance analysis (p=0,05). Results: The experimental group scored worse than control group. Both groups scored better after stimuli and, after 25 days, scores lowered, but stayed higher than initially, without any stimuli (p<0,001). The gap was higher after 25 days, when the experimental group showed poorer smell memory from initial presentation (p<0,001). Conclusion: The experimental group showed lower recognition scores, unrelated to clues previously offered, which suggests a difficulty in phenomena and semantic meaning association. Even after matching odors nomination, the gap of recognition scores remains between groups, not only in a deficitary pattern, but also qualitatively disturbed. C1 [Assumpcao, Francisco B., Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Psicol, Dept Psicol Clin, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Assumpcao, Francisco B., Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Livre Docente Pela, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Assumpcao, Francisco B., Jr.; Adamo, Samanta] Univ Sao Paulo, IP, PDD, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Assumpcao, FB (reprint author), Rua Otonis 697, BR-04025002 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ASSUMPCAO FB, 2005, MUNDANCAS PSICOTERAP, V132, P106 Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION Barkley RA, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P1064, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200008000-00025 BOGDASHINA O, 2004, SENSORY PERCEPTUAL I Castellanos FX, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P644, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200005000-00019 COHEN S, 1985, DESPITE CARE PRINCIP Cycowicz YM, 1997, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V65, P171, DOI 10.1006/jecp.1996.2356 Dodd J., 1991, PRINCIPLES NEURAL SC, P512 DOTTY RL, 1989, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V45, P381 Emmons P. G., 2005, UNDERSTANDING SENSOR Fombonne E., 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, pS3 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Gathercole S. 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Neuro-Psiquiatr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 4B BP 1200 EP 1205 DI 10.1590/S0004-282X2007000700021 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 245UI UT WOS:000251963900021 PM 18345430 ER PT J AU Bruce, SM Vargas, C AF Bruce, Susan M. Vargas, Claudia TI Intentional communication acts expressed by children with severe disabilities in high-rate contexts SO AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE intentional communication acts; ICAs; rate of communication; initiations; activity; deafblind; physical disabilities; autism AB The purpose of this study was to identify the rates of communication expressed by 17 children with severe disabilities in high-rate school contexts while piloting a new coding system for intentional communication acts (ICAs). The following nine characteristics were used when coding ICAs expressed in both child initiated and adult initiated communicative interactions: joint attention.. form of communication, use of pause, persistence, repetition, repair, expression of pleasure or displeasure when understood or misunderstood, expression of pleasure or displeasure to communication partner's message, and evidence of comprehension. Children communicated 1.7-8.0 ICAs per minute in the highest rate contexts. Nine of the 34 high-rate contexts were speech clinical sessions, six were activities that included eating, 30 were familiar activities, and four were novel activities. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Teacher Educ Special Educ Curriculum & Instr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Bruce, SM (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Teacher Educ Special Educ Curriculum & Instr, 120 Campion Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1080/07434610601179960 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Rehabilitation GA 238UQ UT WOS:000251473600005 PM 17852056 ER PT J AU Greber, C Ziviani, J Rodger, S AF Greber, Craig Ziviani, Jenny Rodger, Sylvia TI The four-quadrant model of facilitated learning (Part 2): strategies and applications SO AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE children/adults; clinical reasoning; OT theory; patient/client education ID CHILDRENS PRIVATE SPEECH; DISABILITIES; TASK; INSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; ACQUISITION; STUDENTS; PROMPT; AUTISM; CUES AB Occupational therapists routinely use a variety of learning strategies as part of their engagement with clients. This paper is the second of a two-part presentation of the Four-Quadrant Model of Facilitated Learning (4QM), a client-centred means of employing teaching-learning approaches to intervention. The first paper examined the Way teaching-learning approaches can be used in occupational therapy. The current paper discusses the ways that various learning strategies can be used as therapeutic tools. Useful learning strategies are grouped according to purpose and presented in the 4QM as a coordinated way of organising therapeutic intervention. In this Way, the 4QM is posited to enhance the repertoire of strategies from which therapists can draw, and to help coordinate the learning process over time. The 4QM is advanced as a Way of informing clinical reasoning in teaching-learning approaches to occupational therapy by providing a means of understanding how and when various strategies are most appropriately used. Although grounded in theories of child learning, applications to adult learning may also be possible. C1 [Greber, Craig] Educ Queensland, Moffat Beach, Qld 4551, Australia. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP S40 EP S48 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00663.x PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 278MH UT WOS:000254289700006 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Das, S Guhathakurta, S Sen, B Sinha, S Chatterjee, A Ghosh, S Ahmed, S Ghosh, S Usha, R AF Dutta, Shruti Das, Subha Guhathakurta, Subhrangshu Sen, Barsha Sinha, Swagata Chatterjee, Anindita Ghosh, Sagarmoy Ahmed, Shabina Ghosh, Saurabh Usha, Rajamma TI Glutamate receptor 6 gene (GluR6 or GRIK2) polymorphisms in the Indian population: A genetic association study on autism spectrum disorder SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD-NOS; glutamate receptor 6; genetic association; case-control; TDT; HHRR ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; HIPPOCAMPUS; VARIANTS; CHILDREN; TESTS; LOCI AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early manifestation. It is a multifactorial disorder and several susceptible chromosomal regions for autism are identified through genome scan studies. The gene coding for glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6 or GRIK2) has been suggested as a candidate gene for autism based on its localization in the autism specific region on chromosome 6q21 and the involvement of receptor protein in cognitive functions like learning and memory. Despite its importance, so far no studies have been carried out on possible involvement of GluR6 with autism in the Indian population. Therefore in the present study, we have performed genetic analysis of three markers of GluR6 (SNP1: rs2227281, SNP2: rs2227283, SNP3: rs2235076) for possible association with autism through population, and family-based (TDT and HHRR) approaches. DSM-IV criteria and CARS/ADI-R have been utilized for diagnosis. Genotyping analysis for the SNPs has been carried out in 101 probands with autism spectrum disorder, 180 parents and 152 controls from different regions of India. Since the minor allele frequency of SNP3 was too low, the association studies have been carried out only for SNP1 and SNP2. Even though two earlier studies have shown association of these markers with autism, the present case-control and TDT, as well as HHRR analyses have not demonstrated any biased transmission of alleles or haplotypes to the affected offspring. Thus our results suggest that these markers of GluR6 are unlikely to be associated with autism in the Indian population. C1 [Dutta, Shruti; Das, Subha; Guhathakurta, Subhrangshu; Sen, Barsha; Sinha, Swagata; Chatterjee, Anindita; Usha, Rajamma] Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Manovikas Kendra Rahabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Out Patients Dept, Kolkata 700107, India. [Ghosh, Sagarmoy] Univ Calcutta, Univ Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Microbiol, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India. [Ahmed, Shabina] Assam Autism Fdn, Gauhati 781005, India. [Ghosh, Sagarmoy] Indian Stat Inst, Human Genet Unit, Kolkata 700018, India. RP Usha, R (reprint author), Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Manovikas Kendra Rahabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Out Patients Dept, 482 Madudah,Plot I-24,Sector J,EM Bypass, Kolkata 700107, India. 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TI Exposure to ethanol during gastrulation alters somatosensory-motor cortices and the underlying white matter in the macaque SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE alcohol; autism; cell counts; fetal alcohol syndrome; fetal programing; hypertrophy; monkey; motor cortex; neural stem cell; somatosensory cortex; white matter ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PRINCIPAL SENSORY NUCLEUS; PIG-TAILED MACAQUE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; TRIGEMINAL NERVE; PARIETAL CORTEX AB The present study tests the hypothesis that a critical window for cortical development coincides with the period of neural stem cell proliferation (during the first 6 weeks of gestation), specifically, gastrulation (on embryonic day [E] 19 and E20). Pregnant female macaques were exposed to ethanol 1 day/week for 6 or 24 weeks such that it included E19 or E20 or a time before or after the time of gastrulation. Total forebrain size was increased in macaques exposed to ethanol on E19 or E20. Thus, various features of the gray and white matter of the paracentral lobule of adolescent offspring were examined. Ethanol exposure affected the gray matter, for example, the 1.63 billion neurons in somatosensory cortex of controls (areas 3a and 3b) was 32% lower in ethanol-exposed monkeys, but neither duration nor timing of the episodic exposure had a differential effect. In contrast, the timing of the exposure during the third week critically affected the amount of white matter (the mass of myelopil, but not cell number). Therefore, fetal exposure to ethanol unveils a normal programing mechanism wherein neural stem cells appear to be a target and a critical window for forebrain development concurs with gastrulation. C1 SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Dev Alcohol Exposure Res Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. 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Cortex PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2961 EP 2971 DI 10.1093/cercor/bhm024 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 232QW UT WOS:000251035300021 PM 17389626 ER PT J AU Badaruddin, DH Andrews, GL Bolte, S Schilmoeller, KJ Schilmoeller, G Paul, LK Brown, WS AF Badaruddin, Denise H. Andrews, Glena L. Boelte, Sven Schilmoeller, Kathryn J. Schilmoeller, Gary Paul, Lynn K. Brown, Warren S. TI Social and behavioral problems of children with agenesis of the corpus callosum SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE corpus callosum; congenital brain disorder; autism; children; parent survey; Child Behavior Checklist ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INTERHEMISPHERIC-TRANSFER; PARTIAL COMMISSUROTOMY; VISUAL INFORMATION; AUTISM; CHECKLIST; INDIVIDUALS; BRAIN; POPULATION; LANGUAGE AB Archival data from a survey of parent observations was used to determine the prevalence of social and behavioral problems in children with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). Parent observations were surveyed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for 61 children with ACC who were selected from the archive based on criteria of motor development suggesting a relatively high general level of functioning. Younger children with ACC (ages 2-5) were rated as primarily having problems with sleep. Older children with ACC (ages 6-11) manifested problems in attention, social function, thought, and somatic complaints. The older children with ACC were also compared to CBCL data from 52 children with autism who were selected from a previous study. Children with ACC were generally less impaired than children with autism on nearly all scales, with significantly less severe problems in the areas of attention, anxiety/depression, social function, and unusual thoughts. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 287 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10578-007-0065-6 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 220BQ UT WOS:000250132300004 PM 17564831 ER PT J AU Shen, YP Irons, M Miller, DT Cheung, SW Lip, V Sheng, X Tomaszewicz, K Shao, H Fang, H Tang, HS Walsh, CA Platt, O Gusella, JF Wu, BL AF Shen, Yiping Irons, Mira Miller, David T. Cheung, Sau Wai Lip, Va Sheng, Xiaoming Tomaszewicz, Keith Shao, Hong Fang, Hong Tang, Hung Siv Walsh, Christopher A. Platt, Orah Gusella, James F. Wu, Bai-Lin TI Development of a focused oligonucleotide-array comparative genomic hybridization chip for clinical diagnosis of genomic imbalance SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATIONS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CGH; MICROARRAY; DELETIONS; CHILDREN; BAC AB Background. Submicroscopic genomic imbalance underlies well-defined microdeletion and microduplication syndromes and contributes to general developmental disorders such as mental retardation and autism. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) complements routine cytogenetic methods such as karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of genomic imbalance. Oligonucleotide arrays in particular offer advantages in ease of manufacturing, but standard arrays for single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping or linkage analysis offer variable coverage in clinically relevant regions. We report the design and validation of a focused oligonucleotide-array CGH assay for clinical laboratory diagnosis of genomic imbalance. Methods: We selected >10 000 60-mer oligonucleotide features from Agilent's eArray probe library to interrogate all subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions and 95 additional clinically relevant regions for a total of 179 loci. Sensitivity and specificity were measured for 105 patient samples, including 51 with known genomic-imbalance events, as detected by bacterial artificial chromosome-based array CGH, FISH, or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results: Focused array CGH detected all known regions of genomic imbalance in 51 validation samples with 100% concordance and an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. The mean SD among 1092 ratios of all noncontrol features without copy number alteration was 0.062 (median, 0.055). Clinical testing of another 211 samples from individuals with developmental delay, unexplained mental retardation, dysmorphic features, or multiple congenital anomalies revealed genomic imbalance in 25 samples (11.9%). Conclusions: This focused oligonucleotide-array CGH assay, a flexible, robust method for clinically diagnosing genetic disorders associated with genomic imbalance, offers appreciable advantages over currently available platforms. (C) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. RP Wu, BL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2051 EP 2059 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.090290 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 236CR UT WOS:000251281100004 PM 17901113 ER PT J AU Pepys, MB AF Pepys, Mark B. TI Science and serendipity SO CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE amyloidosis; C-reactive protein; serum amyloid P component ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; AMYLOID-P-COMPONENT; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION AB Good science demands independent replication of new ideas and results and abandonment of accepted theories in light of more reliable evidence. Failure to comply leads to damaging bad science, as with the falsely claimed association between measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and autism. Progress of good science also often requires serendipity, 'making discoveries by accident and sagacity of things not sought'. Work on the pentraxin proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and on amyloidosis, has benefited from abundant serendipity, leading to routine clinical use of CRP measurements, the invention of SAP scintigraphy for amyloidosis, the establishment of the NHS National Amyloidosis Centre providing superior patient care, and latterly the invention of a novel pharmacological mechanism for therapeutic depletion of pathogenic proteins. New drugs using this mechanism are in development for amyloidosis and cardiovascular disease and potentially also Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes and other tissue damaging conditions. C1 [Pepys, Mark B.] UCL, Dept Med, London NW3 2PF, England. RP Pepys, MB (reprint author), UCL, Dept Med, Hampstead Campus,Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England. 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Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 562 EP 578 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 240FM UT WOS:000251572600009 PM 18193704 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F AF DeStefano, F. TI Vaccines and autism: Evidence does not support a causal association SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; RUBELLA VACCINE; MEASLES-VIRUS; NO EVIDENCE; MUMPS; MMR; METHYLMERCURY; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE AB A suggested association between certain childhood vaccines and autism has been one of the most contentious vaccine safety controversies in recent years. Despite compelling scientific evidence against a causal association, many parents and parent advocacy groups continue to suspect that vaccines, particularly measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs), can cause autism. C1 RTI Int, Stat & Epidemiol Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), RTI Int, Stat & Epidemiol Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. 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Pharmacol. Ther. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 82 IS 6 BP 756 EP 759 DI 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100407 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 233JE UT WOS:000251086400026 PM 17928818 ER PT J AU Deutsch, SI Rosse, RB Schwartz, BL AF Deutsch, Stephen I. Rosse, Richard B. Schwartz, Barbara L. TI Williams syndrome: A genetic deletion disorder presenting clues to the biology of sociability and clinical challenges of hypersociability SO CNS SPECTRUMS LA English DT Article ID BEUREN-SYNDROME; DOWN-SYNDROME; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR; GTF2IRD1; CONSTRUCTION; PERCEPTION; EXPRESSION; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN AB Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the deletion of similar to 25-30 genes spanning about 1.5 megabases in the q11.23 region of chromosome 7. Patients with this syndrome present with a combination of a distinctive elfin-like facial appearance; growth retardation; mild mental retardation; an inconsistent cognitive profile that includes visuospatial impairments with good facial discrimination and relatively preserved expressive language skills; and cardiovascular abnormalities. In addition, a striking behavioral feature of the syndrome is the high sociability and empathy that these patients show for others. The study of patients with "partial" deletions of the chromosome band 7q11.23, mutated genes in this region and knockout mice with deletions of specific genes in the homologous G1-G2 region of mouse chromosome 5 are clarifying some genotype/phenotype relationships. Futhermore, genes located in this region that are prominently expressed have been implicated in brain development and function. The neuropsychological profile of patients with Williams syndrome is heterogeneous, highlights important dissociations between cognitive functions and suggests that the behavioral dimensions of sociability, empathy, engageability, and talkativeness may be independent of, or not easily explained by, the cognitive deficits. Williams syndrome has enormous heuristic value because its pathological feature of heightened "sociability" can be a "deficit" symptom of major complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. Data consistent with a core inability of patients with Williams syndrome to inhibit social approach suggest that this disorder may afford an opportunity to study the biological basis of the "drive" toward socialization. From a research perspective, the syndrome lends itself to neurobiological studies of sociability as a dimension that varies independently of cognition (or at least many separable cognitive processes). Importantly, from a clinical perspective, the syndrome challenges us to administer strategic psychosocial interventions that take advantage of the opportunities that "pathological" sociability provide, while avoiding its threats. An illustrative example of an effective strategically planned psychosocial intervention for a patient with Williams syndrome is briefly presented. C1 [Deutsch, Stephen I.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv Line, Washington, DC 20422 USA. [Rosse, Richard B.; Schwartz, Barbara L.] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, VAMC, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Deutsch, SI (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv Line, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 12 BP 903 EP 907 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 245AQ UT WOS:000251907100010 PM 18163035 ER PT J AU Smyth, SF Beversdorf, DQ AF Smyth, Shawn F. Beversdorf, David Q. TI Lack of dopaminergic modulation of cognitive flexibility SO COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE catecholamine; dopaminergic; noradrenergic; problem solving; semantic; cognitive flexibility; creativity ID SPEED-ACCURACY DECOMPOSITION; BETA-ADRENERGIC MODULATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; WORKING-MEMORY; COCAINE WITHDRAWAL; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SUDDEN INSIGHT; CHILDREN; CLONIDINE AB Objective: To evaluate performance on a cognitive flexibility task after administration of a dopaminergic agonist. Background: L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, which is converted into dopamine and norepinephrine, results in a restriction of the semantic network in priming experiments. Recent evidence suggests that flexibility of access to semantic networks in problem solving is mediated by the noradrenergic system. We wished to determine if dopaminergic agonists also affect this type of cognitive flexibility. Methods: Eighty-four subjects were tested twice on an anagram task, once 1 hour after bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) and once 1 hour after placebo administration. Results: No difference was detected between placebo and bromocriptine on anagram performance. Conclusions: Therefore, modulation of this type of cognitive flexibility does not seem to be mediated by the dopaminergic system. This suggests that the noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility previously reported does not seem to extend to the dopaminergic system among catecholamines. C1 [Smyth, Shawn F.; Beversdorf, David Q.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smyth, Shawn F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Neurol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Beversdorf, DQ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Neurol, 1654 Upham Dr Room 461, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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Behav. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 242YV UT WOS:000251763000004 PM 18091071 ER PT J AU Tager-Flusberg, H AF Tager-Flusberg, Helen TI Evaluating the theory-of-mind hypothesis of autism SO CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism; theory of mind; social cognition; communication ID CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; DISORDER AB Two decades ago, the theory-of-mind hypothesis of autism was introduced by Baron-Cohen and his colleagues; this theory provided a unified cognitive explanation for the key social and communication symptoms in that disorder. I evaluate the theory-of-mind hypothesis in light of studies that have addressed several key questions: Do children with autism develop theory-of-mind concepts? How can we explain why some children with autism pass theory-of-mind tasks? Do deficits in theory of mind account for the major impairments that characterize autistic disorder? Current research supports the view that autism involves delays and deficits not only in the development of a theory of mind but also in additional aspects of social-affective information processing that extend beyond the traditional boundaries of theory of mind. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 715 Albany St L-814, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM htagerf@bu.edu RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009 CR Astington J. 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Dir. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00527.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 234TE UT WOS:000251186100005 ER PT J AU Mottron, L Mineau, S Martel, G Bernier, CSC Berthiaume, C Dawson, M Lemay, M Palardy, S Charman, T Faubert, J AF Mottron, Laurent Mineau, Suzanne Martel, Genevieve Bernier, Catherine St-Charles Berthiaume, Claude Dawson, Michelle Lemay, Michel Palardy, Sylvain Charman, Tony Faubert, Jocelyn TI Lateral glances toward moving stimuli among young children with autism: Early regulation of locally oriented perception? SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM; MOTION PERCEPTION; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; VISUAL-SEARCH; FOLLOW-UP; INDIVIDUALS; FREQUENCY AB Autistic adults display enhanced and locally oriented low-level perception of static visual information, but diminished perception of some types of movement. The identification of potential precursors, such as atypical perceptual processing, among very young children would be an initial step toward understanding the development of these phenomena. The purpose of this study was to provide an initial measure and interpretation of atypical visual exploratory behaviors toward inanimate objects (AVEBIOs) among young children with autism. A coding system for AVEBIOs was constructed from a corpus of 40 semi standardized assessments of autistic children. The most frequent atypical visual behavior among 15 children aged 33-73 months was lateral glance that was mostly oriented toward moving stimuli and was detected reliably by the experimenters (intraclass correlation >.90). This behavior was more common among autistic than typically developing children of similar verbal mental age and chronological age. As lateral vision is associated with the filtering of high spatial frequency (detail perception) information and the facilitation of high temporal frequencies (movement perception), its high prevalence among very young autistic children may reflect early attempts to regulate and/or optimize both excessive amounts of local information and diminished perception of movement. These findings are initial evidence for the need to consider the neural bases and development of atypical behaviors and their implications for intervention strategies. C1 Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Mottron, L (reprint author), Hop Riviere des Prairies, 7070 Blvd Perras, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. 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Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1017/S0954579407070022 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 134WC UT WOS:000244114100002 PM 17241482 ER PT J AU Bruck, M London, K Landa, R Goodman, J AF Bruck, Maggie London, Kamala Landa, Rebecca Goodman, June TI Autobiographical memory and suggestibility in children with autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; EPISODIC MEMORY; SHORT FORMS; SELF; EMERGENCE; RECALL; RETENTION; STRENGTH; EVENTS AB Two paradigms were developed to examine autobiographical memory (ABM) and suggestibility in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD (N = 30) and typically developing chronological age-matched children (N = 38) ranging in age from 5 to 10 years were administered an ABM questionnaire. Children were asked about details of current and past personally experienced events. Children also participated in a staged event, and later were provided with true and false reminders about that event. Later, children again were interviewed about the staged event. The results from both paradigms revealed that children with ASD showed poorer ABM compared to controls. Generally, their ABM was marked by errors of omission rather than by errors of commission, and memory was particularly poor for early-life events. In addition, they were as suggestible as the typically developing children. The results are discussed in terms of applied and theoretical implications. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Bruck, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, 600 N Wolfe St,CMSC 346,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. 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Psychopathol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 73 EP 95 DI 10.1017/S0954579407070058 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 134WC UT WOS:000244114100005 PM 17241485 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CH Juarez, AP Becker, A Greenslade, K Harvey, MT Sullivan, C Tally, B AF Kennedy, Craig H. Juarez, A. Pablo Becker, Angela Greenslade, Kathryn Harvey, Mark T. Sullivan, Clare Tally, Brenna TI Children with severe developmental disabilities and behavioral disorders have increased special healthcare needs SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; PREVALENCE AB We studied whether children with severe developmental disabilities (SDDs) who have a comorbid behavioral disorder also have higher rates of special healthcare needs (SHCNs). We used a matched-comparison control group design to establish whether SHCNs were higher in children with SDDs with behavioral disorders versus children with SDDs without behavioral disorders. Thirty-six children were matched for age (mean 12y 6mo; range 5y 2mo-18y 8mo), sex (24 males, 12 females), ethnicity (22 non-white), mental retardation level (22 moderate, eight severe, six profound), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition axis I diagnosis (18 autism spectrum disorder, 10 specified syndrome, eight mental retardation not otherwise specified). Measures included the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, behavioral observation, health status examination, and Childhood Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Children with SDDs with behavioral disorders had significantly higher levels of SHCN, as measured by the CHQ and health status examination. Children with SDDs with behavioral disorders had a twofold higher incidence of SHCNs than children with SDDs without behavioral disorders. No difference was observed in the number or types of prescription medication that children received. The findings suggest that SHCNs contribute to the occurrence and/or intensity of behavioral disorders in children with SDD and may require interdisciplinary care coordination. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, John F Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Nursing, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RP Kennedy, CH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, John F Kennedy Ctr, Box 40-Peabody, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 49 IS 12 BP 926 EP 930 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 234TR UT WOS:000251187400011 PM 18039240 ER PT J AU Zucker, SH Perras, C Parette, HP Perner, DE AF Zucker, Stanley H. Perras, Cindy Parette, Howard P. Perner, Darlene E. TI Research to practice in cognitive disabilities/mental retardation, autism, and related disabilities SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Arizona State Univ, Mary Lou Fulton Coll Educ, Special Educ Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61761 USA. Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. RP Zucker, SH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Mary Lou Fulton Coll Educ, Special Educ Program, Box 872011, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM etdd@asu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 232HV UT WOS:000251010300001 ER PT J AU Myles, BS Grossman, BG Aspy, R Henry, SA Coffin, AB AF Myles, Brenda Smith Grossman, Barry G. Aspy, Ruth Henry, Shawn A. Coffin, Amy Bixler TI Planning a comprehensive program for students with autism spectrum disorders using evidence-based practices SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SOCIAL-SKILLS; INTERVENTIONS; INITIATIONS; BEHAVIORS; EFFICACY; PEERS; TASK AB This article outlines two compatible models of planning and implementing programs far students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Ziggurat Model begins the process with an assessment of student strengths and concerns related specifically to ASD and identifies interventions across five tiers that match these strengths and concerns: (a) sensory and biological, (b) reinforcement, (c) structural and visual/tactile supports, (d) task demands, and (e) skills to teach. Content from the Ziggurat Model is then placed with the Comprehensive Autism Planning System (CAPS) to allow the student's day to be operationalized and matched to student goals, state standards, and related benchmarks. This article overviews this process and offers a brief case study as an example. C1 Ohio Ctr Autism & Low Incidence, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Myles, BS (reprint author), Ohio Ctr Autism & Low Incidence, 5220 N High St,Bldg C1, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Aspy R., 2007, ZIGGURAT MODEL FRAME Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 Bryan LC, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P553, DOI 10.1023/A:1005687310346 CHARLOP MH, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163 Dettmer S., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P163, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500307 Di Martino A, 2004, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V14, P207, DOI 10.1089/1044546041649011 Dooley P., 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P57, DOI 10.1177/109830070100300108 Erickson Craig A, 2005, Expert Rev Neurother, V5, P713, DOI 10.1586/14737175.5.6.713 Frederickson N., 2005, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V21, P197, DOI 10.1080/02667360500205883 Henry S. A., 2007, COMPREHENSIVE AUTISM Horner RH, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P423, DOI 10.1023/A:1020593922901 Kamps D. 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TI Lessons learned through implementing a positive behavior support intervention at home: A case study on self-management with a student with autism and his mother SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FAMILY PERSPECTIVES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; COGNITIVE DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; ADULTS; COLLABORATION; INDIVIDUALS; EVOLUTION; SIBLINGS AB As positive behavior support (PBS) interventions have received increased attention as an effective means to address problem behaviors of individuals with disabilities in family contexts, partnerships with families are crucial for the application of PBS interventions with families at home. Understanding family perspectives on problem behaviors and PBS interventions is a starting point for building partnerships with the family, which helps achieve the objective of applying PBS at home for individuals with problem behavior. The purpose of this article is to provide the authors' perspectives on concerns and lessons learned from implementing a PBS intervention through a case study on self-management with a student with autism and problem behavior, and his mother, who served as co-authors. A brief description of the intervention and its outcomes is also provided. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Gil Dong,HanSol Sol Pk 101-902, Seoul 134010, South Korea. 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Train. Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 418 EP 427 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 232HV UT WOS:000251010300005 ER PT J AU Alpern, CS Zager, D AF Alpern, Carol S. Zager, Dianne TI Addressing communication needs of young adults with autism in a college-based inclusion program SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; PEER RELATIONSHIPS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVENTION; OUTCOMES; SKILLS; LIFE AB This article provides a review of the literature regarding changing communication profiles of individuals with autism as they reach adolescence and young adulthood. The impact of these language patterns on social and vocational functioning is addressed. Guidelines for assessment, goal development, and intervention are presented through a transdisciplinary college-based model. Instructional concerns and recommendations to improve communication skills for transition programming are presented. C1 Pace Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders Program, New York, NY 10038 USA. RP Alpern, CS (reprint author), Pace Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders Program, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 428 EP 436 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 232HV UT WOS:000251010300006 ER PT J AU Umbarger, GT AF Umbarger, Gardner T., III TI State of the evidence regarding complimentary and alternative medical treatments for autism spectrum disorders SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID DOUBLE-BLIND; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; SECRETIN; THERAPY; COMPLEMENTARY; METAANALYSIS AB Both the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001 (No Child Left Behind) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education improvement Act of 2004 show a public policy preference for the use of interventions that are supported by scientific evidence of their efficacy. At the same time, Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are frustrated by the lack of effective treatments and often resort to complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments to treat the symptoms of their child's ASD. Many of these treatments have little or no evidence of efficacy. This article reviews the current state of many CAMs and addresses the evidence that supports or fails to support their efficacy as a treatment of ASD and their adoption in special education practices. It also discusses some recommendations for improving the state of evidence for CAMs used with individuals with ASD. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Umbarger, GT (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, 3 451 Educ Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. 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Tien, Kai-Chien Chou, Yu-Chi Swanson, Terri Cooper Hudson, Jill TI A large-scale study of the characteristics of Asperger syndrome SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDER; ISSUES AB This article presents the results of a large-scale study of the characteristics of 156 individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) ages 12 to 18. Specifically, cognitive (intellectual, empathizing, systemizing), adaptive behavior, behavior, temperament, and sensory profiles of study participants are overviewed. These characteristics are discussed as they relate to diagnostic criteria and instructional planning for adolescents with AS. C1 Ohio Ctr Autism & Low Incidence, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Myles, BS (reprint author), Ohio Ctr Autism & Low Incidence, 5220 N High St,Bldg C1, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM breiida_myles@ocali.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 Barnhill G., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P146, DOI [10.1177/108835760001500303, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500303] Barnhill G., 2000, DIAGNOSTIQUE, V25, P147 Barnhill G. 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TI Using comic strip conversations to increase social satisfaction and decrease loneliness in students with autism spectrum disorder SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Research to Practice in Cognitive Disabilities/Mental Retardation, Autism, and Related Disabilities CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2007 CL Kona, HI SP Council Except Children Div Dev Disabilities ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; PERCEPTIONS; FRIENDSHIP AB Comic Strip Conversations have been used to improve the social skills of students on the autism spectrum. Research on the effectiveness of this strategy was extended to three lower elementary-aged male students diagnosed as exhibiting high-functioning autism. One elementary special education teacher and her 2 paraprofessionals used Comic Strip Conversations for a period of 6 weeks with 3 students who exhibited signs of loneliness. All participants became more involved socially and actively began to seek friendships. The educators working with them noted increased friendships in the classroom and on the playground as well as visible signs of social satisfaction among the participants. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Special Educ, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Pierson, MR (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Special Educ, POB 6868, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM mpierson@fullerton.edu CR Asher S. R., 1990, PEER REJECTION CHILD, P253 Attwood T., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P85, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001006 Bauminger N, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1025827427901 Bauminger N, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P447, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 Bauminger N, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P81, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007001007 Bauminger N, 2004, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V16, P193, DOI 10.1023/B:JODD.0000026616.24896.c8 Glaeser B. C., 2003, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V36, P14 Gray C., 1994, COMIC STRIP CONVERSA Gray C., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P219 Gray C.A., 1995, SOCIAL STORIES UNLIM Greenway C., 2000, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V16, P469, DOI 10.1080/713666112 HUANG AX, 2006, INT J SPECIAL ED, V21, P109 Pierson MR, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P279 Rogers MF, 2001, INTERV SCH CLIN, V36, P310 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 Rowe C., 1999, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V26, P12, DOI 10.1111/1467-8527.t01-1-00094 Swaggart B. L., 1995, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V10, P1 Travis LL, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P65, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<65::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-W NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 4 BP 460 EP 466 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 232HV UT WOS:000251010300009 ER PT J AU Muzykewicz, DA Newberry, P Danforth, N Halpern, EF Thiele, EA AF Muzykewicz, David A. Newberry, Peter Danforth, Nicole Halpern, Elkan F. Thiele, Elizabeth A. TI Psychiatric comorbid conditions in a clinic population of 241 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE tuberous sclerosis complex; mood disorder; anxiety disorder; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; aggressive/disruptive behavior disorder; epilepsy ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN; TSC1; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; IDENTIFICATION; RISPERIDONE; SEIZURES AB Psychiatric symptoms were retrospectively assessed in a clinic population of 241 children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Sixty-six (27%) patients had a history of mood disorder symptoms, 66 (27%) had a history of anxiety disorder symptoms, 73 (30%) had a history of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and 68 (28%) had a history of aggressive/disruptive behavior disorder symptoms. Significant relationships were found between these symptoms and patient age, gender, genetic mutation, seizure history, surgical history, cognitive impairment, features of autism or pervasive developmental disorder, and neurological manifestations of TSC. In 43 patients seen by at least one of two affiliated psychiatrists, the most common formal diagnoses were anxiety disorders (28%), mood disorders (26%), adjustment disorders (21%), ADHD (21%), and mental disorders not otherwise specified due to general medical condition (42%). Citalopram demonstrated efficacy in treating anxiety and depression, and risperidone, in treating problematic behaviors. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Muzykewicz, David A.; Thiele, Elizabeth A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Newberry, Peter; Danforth, Nicole] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Halpern, Elkan F.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Inst Technol Assessment, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Thiele, EA (reprint author), Carol & James Herscot Ctr Tuberous Sclerosis Comp, 175 Cambridge St,Suite 340, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM ethiele@partners.org CR Asato MR, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P241, DOI 10.1177/088307380401900401 Au Kit Sing, 2007, Genet Med, V9, P88, DOI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e31803068c7 Cantwell DP, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P978, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199608000-00008 CURATOLO P, 1991, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V615, P8, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37743.x Dabora SL, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V68, P64, DOI 10.1086/316951 de Vries P. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 506 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.07.010 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 243GM UT WOS:000251783500004 PM 17936687 ER PT J AU Oslejskova, H Dusek, L Makovska, Z Rektor, I AF Oslejskova, Hana Dusek, Ladislav Makovska, Zuzana Rektor, Ivan TI Epilepsia, epileptiform abnormalities non-right-handedness, hypotonia and severe decreased IQ are associated with language impairment in autism SO EPILEPTIC DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; speech impairment; epileptic seizures; hypotonia; handedness; IQ scoring ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; EEG ABNORMALITIES; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; REGRESSION; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS; REORGANIZATION; PREVALENCE AB The aim of this study was to categorize speech problems in autistic children in a manner allowing recognition of associated risk factors. We were specifically interested in the role of epilepsy and epileptiform activity in EEG in autistic patients since these dynamic processes can influence each other. We combined subtypes of autism with degrees of their functionality and we selected three speech endpoints: i) delayed development of speech, ii) complete mutism and iii) regression of speech. We retrospectively examined 205 autistic children (boys 145/70.7%, mean age 10 years). Median IQ was 55 (15;104) and median Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) ranged within 38 (32;48). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression helped to define clinical and diagnostic factors that were significantly associated with speech endpoints. Epileptic seizures, epileptiform EEG abnormalities, non-right-handedness, hypotonia and severe decreased IQ score were found to be the most important mutually independent factors contributing to the increased risk of speech-related problems in patients with ASD. C1 [Oslejskova, Hana; Makovska, Zuzana] Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Childrens Med Ctr, Brno Epilepsy Ctr,Dept Pediat Neurol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Oslejskova, Hana; Makovska, Zuzana] Fac Hosp, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Dusek, Ladislav] Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, CS-60177 Brno, Czech Republic. [Rektor, Ivan] St Annes Univ Hosp, Brno Epilepsy Ctr, Dept Neurol & Neuroimaging, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Oslejskova, H (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Childrens Med Ctr, Brno Epilepsy Ctr,Dept Pediat Neurol, Cernopolni 9, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 SU 1 BP S9 EP S18 DI 10.1684/epd.2007.0154 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 281NT UT WOS:000254505000003 PM 18319196 ER PT J AU Freson, K Labarque, V Thys, C Wittevrongel, C Van Geet, C AF Freson, Kathleen Labarque, Veerle Thys, Chantal Wittevrongel, Christine Van Geet, Chris TI What's new in using platelet research? To unravel thrombopathies and other human disorders SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE platelets; G protein signalling; adhesion; secretion; cytoskeleton ID DUCHENNE MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; CHEDIAK-HIGASHI-SYNDROME; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; BLEEDING DISORDERS; P2Y(12) RECEPTOR; ADHESION; DEFECTS; AGGREGATION; DEFICIENCY; MECHANISMS AB This review on platelet research focuses on defects of adhesion, cytoskeletal organisation, signal transduction and secretion. Platelet defects can be studied by different laboratory platelet functional assays and morphological studies. Easy bruising or a suspected platelet-based bleeding disorder is of course the most obvious reason to test the platelet function in a patient. However, nowadays platelet research also contributes to our understanding of human pathology in other disciplines such as neurology, nephrology, endocrinology and metabolic diseases. Apart from a discussion on classical thrombopathies, this review will also deal with the less commonly known relation between platelet research and disorders with a broader clinical phenotype. Classical thrombopathies involve disorders of platelet adhesion such as Glanzmann thrombastenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome, defective G protein signalling diseases with impaired phospholipase C activation, and abnormal platelet granule secretion disorders such as gray platelet disorder and delta-storage pool disease. Other clinical symptoms besides a bleeding tendency have been described in MYH9-related disorders and Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to adhesion defects, and also in disorders of impaired Gs signalling, in Hermansky Pudlack disease and Chediak Higashi disease with abnormal secretion. Finally, platelet research can also be used to unravel novel mechanisms involved in many neurological disorders such as depression and autism with only a subclinical platelet defect. C1 Univ Louvain, Ctr Mol & Vasc Biol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Louvain, Dept Pediat, Louvain, Belgium. RP Freson, K (reprint author), Univ Louvain, Ctr Mol & Vasc Biol, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. 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J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 166 IS 12 BP 1203 EP 1210 DI 10.1007/s00431-007-0543-7 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 224RU UT WOS:000250464900001 PM 17619901 ER PT J AU Davidson, J AF Davidson, Joyce TI 'In a World of her Own...': Re-presenting alienation and emotion in the lives and writings of women with autism SO GENDER PLACE AND CULTURE LA English DT Article DE alienation; autism; autobiography; coping; emotion ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUALITATIVE-ANALYSIS; DISABILITY; CHILDREN; PEOPLE; GEOGRAPHIES; EXPERIENCES; DIAGNOSIS; ACCOUNTS AB The term autism derives from the Greek autos (meaning 'self')-it connotes separation, aloneness-and descriptions of those diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) frequently suggest they are very much apart from the shared, experientially common space of others. The subjects of clinical literature are very often male children, perhaps unsurprising given the recognized need for early intervention and the fact that studies suggest four times as many boys receive an ASD diagnosis as girls. This understandable bias does, however, mean that a significant minority are often overlooked. This paper focuses on the experience of those girls and women who frequently strugle to obtain recognition and support for a predominantly male disorder. Drawing e,g particularly on autobiographical accounts-including the narratives of Temple Grandin, Dawn Prince-Hughes and Donna Williams-the paper reveals a strongly felt need to communicate and thus connect their unusual spatial and emotional experience with others in a manner not typically associated with autism. It explores the complex challenges of ASD, life-worlds, focusing in particular on the prevailing and powerful sense of alienation, and the ways in which ASD women use social and spatial strategies to cope with and contest the expectations and reactions Of neuro-typical others. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Mackintosh Corry Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. 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Place Cult. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 659 EP 677 DI 10.1080/09663690701659135 PG 19 WC Geography; Women's Studies SC Geography; Women's Studies GA 238SM UT WOS:000251467900003 ER PT J AU Hishimoto, A Liu, QR Drgon, T Pletnikova, O Walther, D Zhu, XG Troncoso, JC Uhl, GR AF Hishimoto, Akitoyo Liu, Qing-Rong Drgon, Tomas Pletnikova, Olga Walther, Donna Zhu, Xu-Guang Troncoso, Juan C. Uhl, George R. TI Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE PROTEINS; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; BETA-NEUREXINS; ADDICTION VULNERABILITY; FAMILIAL TRANSMISSION; GENETIC MODIFIER; ADHESION; AUTISM; NEUROLIGINS; BINDING AB Neurexins are cell adhesion molecules that help to specify and stabilize synapses and provide receptors for neuroligins, neurexophilins, dystroglycans and alpha-latrotoxins. We previously reported significant allele frequency differences for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the neurexin 3 (NRXN3) gene in each of two comparisons between individuals who were dependent on illegal substances and controls. We now report work clarifying details of NRXN3's gene structure and variants and documenting association of NRXN3 SNPs with alcohol dependence. We localize this association signal with the vicinity of the NRXN3 splicing site 5 (SS#5). A splicing site SNP, rs8019381, that is located 23 bp from the SS#5 exon 23 donor site displays association with P = 0.0007 (odds ratio = 2.46). Including or excluding exon 23 at SS#5 produces soluble or transmembrane NRXN3 isoforms. We thus examined expression of these NRXN3 isoforms in postmortem human cerebral cortical brain samples from individuals with varying rs8019381 genotypes. Two of the splice variants that encode transmembrane NRXN3 isoforms were expressed at significantly lower levels in individuals with the addiction-associated rs8019381 'T' allele than in CC homozygotes. Taken together with recent reports of NRXN3 association with nicotine dependence and linkage with opiate dependence, these data support roles for NRXN3 haplotypes that alter expression of specific NRXN3 isoforms in genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on a variety of addictive substances. C1 NIDA, Mol Neurobiol Branch, IRP, NIH,DHSS, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Uhl, GR (reprint author), NIDA, Mol Neurobiol Branch, IRP, NIH,DHSS, 333 Cassell Dr,Suite 3510, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. 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Mol. Genet. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 16 IS 23 BP 2880 EP 2891 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddm247 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 232RG UT WOS:000251036400009 PM 17804423 ER PT J AU Knoester, M Helmerhorst, FM van der Westerlaken, LAJ Walther, FJ Veen, S AF Knoester, M. Helmerhorst, F. M. van der Westerlaken, L. A. J. Walther, F. J. Veen, S. CA L-art-FUP TI Matched follow-up study of 5-8-year-old-ICSI singletons: child behaviour, parenting stress and child (health-related) quality of life SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE ICSI; behaviour; parenting stress; quality of life ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONCEIVED CHILDREN; ICSI CHILDREN; IVF CHILDREN; SCHOOL-AGE; OUTCOMES; BORN; ADJUSTMENT AB BACKGROUND: Psychosocial follow-up of ICSI children is scarce. We compared child behaviour, parenting stress and quality of life for singletons aged 5-8 years born after ICSI, IVF and natural conception (NC). METHODS: All singletons born between June 1996 and December 1999 after ICSI in the Leiden University Medical Center were invited (n = 110). Matched singletons born after IVF and NC were recruited. Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (measures problem behaviour), the Parenting Stress Index (Nijmeegse Ouderlijke Stress Index) and two quality of life questionnaires (Dux25 and TACQOL). Children completed the Dux25 Child form. RESULTS: Eighty-seven ICSI children (79%), 92 IVF children (73%) and 85 NC children enrolled. Prevalence of behavioural disorders-as reported by the parents-was comparable in the three groups. Three of 87 ICSI children had autism or an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Problem behaviour scores were similar for ICSI and NC children; IVF children (mainly girls) scored less problem behaviour (P < 0.05) and their scores were less often in the (borderline) clinical range. Parenting stress was similar for ICSI and IVF, but lower for NC than ICSI parents, mainly on the child scale. Quality of life scores were similar in the three conception groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of autism/ASD seemed higher after ICSI, but this unexpected finding should be confirmed by future studies with larger group sizes. ICSI parents experienced more stress than NC parents, although selection bias cannot be ruled out. The majority of ICSI singletons assessed at age 5-8 years showed a normal psychosocial well-being. C1 [Knoester, M.; Walther, F. J.; Veen, S.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Neonatal Ctr, Dept Paediat J6S, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. [Knoester, M.; Helmerhorst, F. M.; van der Westerlaken, L. A. 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Reprod. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 3098 EP 3107 DI 10.1093/humrep/dem261 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 248KF UT WOS:000252151500008 PM 17905745 ER PT J AU Yang, M Zhodzishsky, V Crawley, JN AF Yang, Mu Zhodzishsky, Vladimir Crawley, Jacqueline N. TI Social deficits in BTBR T+tf/J mice are unchanged by cross-fostering with C57BL/6J mothers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inbred strains of mice; behavioral development; maternal factor; postnatal environment; social interaction; juvenile play; autism ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; MATERNAL-CARE; APPROACH BEHAVIORS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; MAJOR DEPRESSION; INBRED STRAINS; MESSENGER-RNA; LIFE EVENTS AB Inbred strains of mice are useful model systems for studying the interactions of genetic and environmental contributions during neurodevelopmental stages. We recently reported an inbred strain, BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR), which, as compared to the commonly used C57BL/6J (B6) strain, displays lower social interactions as juveniles, lower social approach in adult ages, and higher levels of repetitive self-grooming throughout developmental stages. The present study investigated whether the early postnatal maternal environment contributes substantially to the unusually low expression of social behaviors and high self-grooming in BTBR as compared to B6. Within 24 h of birth, entire litters of pups were crossfostered to either a dam of the same strain or a dam of the opposite strain. Control litters were left with their own mothers. Offspring were tested for juvenile play at postnatal day 21 1, for sociability at 8 weeks of age in an automated three-chambered social approach test, and for self-grooming at 9-11 weeks of age. Results indicate that deficits in play behaviors in juvenile BTBR pups were not rescued by a 136 maternal environment. Similarly, a BTBR maternal environment did not induce play deficits in 136 pups. Cross-fostering had no effect on sociability scores in adults. The high self-grooming in BTBR and low self-grooming in 136 were not affected by maternal environment. These findings favor a genetic interpretation of the unusual social behaviors and self-grooming traits of BTBR, and support the use of the BTBR inbred strain as a mouse model to study genetic mechanism of autism. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISDN. C1 [Yang, Mu; Zhodzishsky, Vladimir; Crawley, Jacqueline N.] NIH, NIMH, Intramural Res Program, Lab Behav Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Yang, M (reprint author), NIH, NIMH, Intramural Res Program, Lab Behav Neurosci, Bldg 35 Room 1C,Mail Code 3730, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 25 IS 8 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.09.008 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 248OY UT WOS:000252164900004 PM 17980995 ER PT J AU Naber, FBA Swinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK Dietz, C van Daalen, E Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ van IJzendoorn, MH van Engeland, H AF Naber, Fabienne B. A. Swinkels, Sophie H. N. Buitelaar, Jan K. Dietz, Claudine van Daalen, Emma Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. van Engeland, Herman TI Joint attention and attachment in toddlers with autism SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE joint attention; autistic disorder; toddlers; attachment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT; ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL ATTENTION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOTHER-INFANT; GAZE BEHAVIOR AB Joint attention is often referred to as a triadic relation between self, other and object. Young children with autism show deficiencies in the use of joint attention behaviors. Individual differences may be expected, and they may be determined by the children's cognitive development or the characteristics of the relationship of the child with the caregiver. Although most joint attention skills develop under the age of three, most studies of joint attention in children with autism involved children older than 3 years of age, due to difficulties in diagnosing autism under this age. In this study we investigated joint attention behaviors of 78 young children (mean age 25.7 months, SD 6.1) with autism spectrum disorders (n=20), other developmental delays (n=18), and typically developing children (n=40). Following the pertinent literature and confirmed by factor analysis, two types of joint attention behaviors were distinguished, Basic Joint Attention (BJA) and Associated Joint Attention (AJA). We found that cognitive delays and autistic symptoms-but not attachment insecurity or disorganization-were related to less joint attention. Already at the age of 2 years, children with more autistic symptoms show less joint attention, even after controlling for developmental level. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 899 EP 911 DI 10.1007/s10802-007-9142-3 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213ES UT WOS:000249649600002 PM 17549620 ER PT J AU Patel, K Curtis, LT AF Patel, Kalpana Curtis, Luke T. TI A comprehensive approach to treating autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A prepilot study SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ADHD AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of a multi dimensional treatment plan involving nutrition, environmental control, chelation, and behavioral/educational/physical/speech therapy to treat children with autistic spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder. This study is only a preliminary study, and its small size ( 10 patients) precludes statistical analysis of simultaneous multiple modal treatment regimes. Design: This was an open-label observational study. Settings/location/subjects: This study examined 10 children aged 4-10 years old who had been diagnosed with both autistic spectrum disorder and ADHD by outside physicians or psychologists. These 10 children presented consecutively in an environmental medicine clinic in Buffalo, New York. The children were given comprehensive nutritional/environmental/chelation treatment for 3 to 6 months in addition to their usual behavioral, educational, speech, and physical therapies. Outcome measures: Study outcomes were measured by objective/subjective improvement as judged by physicians/parents/teachers. Outcomes were also measured by changes in urinary heavy metal burdens over time. Results: All 10 children showed significant improvement in many areas of social interaction, concentration, writing, language, and behavior. Urinary lead burden dropped significantly in all 10 children. Conclusions: Autistic spectrum disorders and ADHD are complicated conditions that probably require multidimensional treatment strategies. Larger studies are needed to determine optimum treatment plans involving nutrition, environmental control, medication, and behavioral/education/speech/physical therapies. C1 Ctr Environm Hlth, Buffalo, NY USA. [Patel, Kalpana] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Pediat, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. RP Patel, K (reprint author), Ctr Environm Hlth, 65 Wehrle Dr, Buffalo, NY USA. EM aehcwny@Juno.com CR Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Biederman J, 2005, LANCET, V366, P237, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2 CAMPBELLDALEY K, 2004, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V16, P217, DOI 10.1097/00008480-200404000-00020 Chez Michael G, 2004, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V11, P229, DOI 10.1016/j.spen.2004.07.007 Conners CK, 1998, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V59, P24 Daley D, 2006, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V32, P193, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00572.x Daly BP, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V17, P73, DOI 10.1007/s11065-006-9018-2 Daniels JL, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, pA396 Eppright T D, 1996, Mo Med, V93, P136 FILAPEK PA, 2006, NEURORX, V3, P207 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 HANSON E, 2007, J AUSTIM DEV DISORD, V3, P328 Happe F, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P1218, DOI 10.1038/nn1770 Hertz-Picciotto I, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, P1119, DOI 10.1289/ehp.8483 Howlin P, 2005, J NEURAL TRANSM-SUPP, P101 Kessler RC, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P716, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.716 Kidd Parris M, 2002, Altern Med Rev, V7, P472 Kidd P M, 2000, Altern Med Rev, V5, P402 Kidd PM, 2003, ALTERN THER HEALTH M, V9, P22 Lee KI, 2006, BIOORG MED CHEM LETT, V16, P737, DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.115 Leighton J, 2003, ENVIRON RES, V92, P182, DOI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00036-7 Leyfer OT, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P849, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 Matson JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004 Mazefsky CA, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P533, DOI 10.1177/136236130606850S Muran PJ, 2006, ALTERN THER HEALTH M, V12, P70 Rapin I, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P302, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp020062 STEER CR, 2005, ARCH DIS CHILD, V90, pS19 Szpir M, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, pA412 Voeller KKS, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P798 Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x VOLKMAR FR, 2003, LANCET, V362, P1131 Wong HHL, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P901, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0131-0 Yoshida Y, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P307, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0391-1 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1089/acm.2007.0611 PG 7 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 249RK UT WOS:000252247200009 PM 18166120 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, A Vollmer, TR Dozier, CL Borrero, JC Rapp, JT Bourret, JC Gadaire, D AF Gutierrez, Anibal Vollmer, Timothy R. Dozier, Claudia L. Borrero, John C. Rapp, John T. Bourret, Jason C. Gadaire, Dana TI Manipulating establishing operations to verify and establish stimulus control during mand training SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; picture cards; discrimination training ID EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; PECS AB Acquisition of verbal behavior is a major goal of interventions for children with developmental disabilities. We evaluated the effectiveness of manipulation of an establishing operation for functional discriminated mands. Four individuals with developmental disabilities participated in a training procedure designed to teach two separate mands for two separate preferred items. Participants were taught to mand using picture cards. Following training, the manipulation of the establishing operation was used to assess and establish discriminated manding. This manipulation involved providing free access to one of the preferred items, such that there should be no motivation to ask for it, while motivation to ask for the other item remained in place. Three of the 4 participants acquired discriminated manding using topographically similar responses (picture cards). One participant did not acquire a discriminated mand until topographically distinct mands were taught (vocal and picture card). Results suggest that discrimination training is not necessarily sufficient to teach discriminated manding when more than one picture card showing preferred items is used. In addition, manipulation of the establishing operation served as an appropriate assessment tool for the verification of discriminated manding as well as a possible training tool to establish discriminated manding. DESCRIPTORS: autism, picture cards, discrimination training. C1 Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33124 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, 5665 Ponce Leon Blvd, Miami, FL 33124 USA. EM agutierrez@psy.miami.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Bondy A. S., 1994, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V9, P1, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769400900301 Bondy Andrew S., 1994, PRESCHOOL ED PROGRAM, P37 BONDY AS, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P123 Bourret J, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-129 Brown KA, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P53, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-53 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 Charlop-Christy MH, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P213, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-213 DeLeon IG, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P475, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-475 Frost L., 2002, PICTURE EXCHANGE COM Frost L. A., 1994, PICTURE EXCHANGE COM Liddle K, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P391 MCCOY JF, 1990, HDB BEHAV MODIFICATI, P445 MICHAEL J, 1982, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V37, P149, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149 Michael J, 1985, Anal Verbal Behav, V3, P1 NORTHUP J, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P509, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-509 Richman DM, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P73, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-73 Roane HS, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P605, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-605 Schwartz IS, 1998, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V18, P144 Sidman M., 1960, TACTICS SCI RES EVAL Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV Sundberg C T, 1990, Anal Verbal Behav, V8, P31 Winborn L, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P295, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-295 Wraikat R, 1991, Anal Verbal Behav, V9, P1 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 645 EP 658 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.645-658 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400005 PM 18189096 ER PT J AU Lafasakis, M Sturmey, P AF Lafasakis, Michael Sturmey, Peter TI Training parent implementation of discrete-trial teaching effects on generalization of parent teaching and child correct responding SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE parent training; discrete-trial teaching; autism; behavioral skills training; imitation; developmental disabilities ID TEACHERS AB Behavioral skills training was used to teach 3 parents to implement discrete-trial teaching with their children with developmental disabilities. Parents learned to implement discrete-trial training, their skills generalized to novel programs, and the children's correct responding increased, suggesting that behavioral skills training is an effective and efficient method of teaching discrete-trial teaching to parents. DESCRIPTORS: parent training, discrete-trial teaching, autism, behavioral skills training, imitation, developmental disabilities. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Grad Ctr, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Hosp Clin Home Ctr Inc, Flushing, NY USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. RP Sturmey, P (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Grad Ctr, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM peter-sturmey@QC.CUNY.edu CR BAER DM, 1967, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V10, P405, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1967.10-405 Dib N, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P339, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.52-06 Hardy N., 1994, ED PSYCHOL, V14, P345, DOI 10.1080/0144341940140308 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-197 SAROKOFF R, IN PRESS RES AUTISM Sarokoff RA, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P535, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535 Sturmey P., 2007, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 685 EP 689 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.685-689 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400009 PM 18189100 ER PT J AU Perez-Gonzalez, LA Garcia-Asenjo, L Williams, G Carnerero, JJ AF Perez-Gonzalez, Luis Antonio Garcia-Asenjo, Lorena Williams, Gladys Carnerero, Jose Julio TI Emergence of intra verbal antonyms in children with pervasive developmental disorder SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE intraverbals; derived relations; emergent relations; social interaction; social skills; autism AB In the type of intraverbal that consists of saying the opposite of a word, two intraverbals are related to one another because the response form of each intraverbal functions as part of a discriminative stimulus for the other (e.g., "cold" in response to "name the opposite of hot," and vice versa). Moreover, the contextual cue "Name the opposite of -" is the same in the two intraverbals. The purpose of the present research was to explore a procedure designed to promote emergence of intraverbals of this type. Two children with pervasive developmental disorder learned pairs of intraverbals. Thereafter, they were tested for emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions. Results indicate that, although the participants did not initially show emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions, repeated cycles of probing and teaching facilitated emergence of these relations. DESCRIPTORS: intraverbals, derived relations, emergent relations, social interaction, social skills, autism. C1 Univ Oviedo, Dept Psicol, Oviedo 33003, Asturias, Spain. Appl Behav Consultant Serv, New York, NY USA. Ctr Al Mudaris, Cordoba, Spain. RP Perez-Gonzalez, LA (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Psicol, Plaza Feijoo S-N, Oviedo 33003, Asturias, Spain. EM laperez@uniovi.es RI Perez-Gonzalez, Luis/L-2338-2014 CR EIKESETH S, 1992, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V58, P123, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-123 HAYES SC, 2001, RELATIONAL FRAME THE PEREZGONZALEZ LA, IN PRESS PSYCHOL REC PEREZGONZALEZ LA, 2003, ANN C ASS BEH AN INT Polson D A, 2000, Anal Verbal Behav, V17, P105 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 697 EP 701 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.697-701 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400011 PM 18189102 ER PT J AU Wallace, C Roscoe, EM Dube, WV AF Wallace, Carrie Walpole Roscoe, Eileen M. Dube, William V. TI Use of a differential observing response to expand restricted stimulus control SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; differential observing response; discrimination; match to sample; observing behavior; restricted stimulus control; sight words ID MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; OVERSELECTIVITY; STUDENTS AB This study extends previous work on the use of differential observing responses (DOR) to remediate atypically restricted stimulus control. A participant with autism had high matching-to-sample accuracy scores with printed words that had no letters in common (e.g., cat, lid bug) but poor accuracy with words that had two letters in common (e.g., cat, can, car). In the DOR intervention, she matched the distinguishing letters of the overlapping words (e.g., t, n, r) immediately prior to matching the whole words. Accuracy scores improved, and accuracy remained high when DOR requirements were withdrawn. DESCRIPTORS: autism, differential observing response, discrimination, match to sample, observing behavior, restricted stimulus control, sight words. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Shriver Ctr, Psychol Sci Div, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. RP Dube, WV (reprint author), BTTC Outreach Program, 4910 Airport Ave Bldg F, Rosenberg, TX 77471 USA. EM william.dube@umassmed.edu CR COHEN RC, 1998, ADV QUALITATIVE ORG, V1, P1 CONSTANTINE B, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V79, P680 Dickson CA, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P618, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.004 Dickson CA, 2006, AM J MENT RETARD, V111, P447, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[447:MAOSOI]2.0.CO;2 Dube W. V., 2003, VISUAL INFORM PROCES, P109 Dube WV, 1997, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V68, P303, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1997.68-303 Dube WV, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P25, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-25 Geren MA, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P339, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-339 Gutowski S. J., 1995, EXPT ANAL HUMAN BEHA, V13, P18 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 Schreibman L., 1997, ENVIRON BEHAV, P203 Schreibman L., 1988, AUTISM STROMER R, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V59, P83, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.59-83 STROMER R, 1994, EXPT ANAL HUMAN BEHA, V12, P17 URCUIOLI PJ, 1989, ANIM LEARN BEHAV, V17, P361, DOI 10.3758/BF03209812 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.707-712 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400013 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, M Edrisinha, C Sigafoos, J Lancioni, G Machalicek, W Antonucci, M AF O'Reilly, Mark Edrisinha, Chaturi Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Giulio Machalicek, Wendy Antonucci, Massimo TI The effects of presession attention on subsequent a ttention-extinction and alone conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE functional analysis; problem behavior; motivating operations; autism ID ESTABLISHING OPERATIONS; BEHAVIOR AB We examined the effects of presession levels of attention (no attention vs. continuous attention) during subsequent alone and attention-extinction conditions for an individual with severe disabilities and problem behavior. A prior functional analysis indicated that attention was a primary maintaining variable for problem behavior. Experimental control was demonstrated using a within-subject multielement design. Results indicated that presession conditions influenced responding, with higher levels of problem behavior occurring during alone and attention-extinction conditions when preceded by the no-attention presession condition. Overall, these results seem to support descriptions of the behavior-altering effects of the motivating operation (MO). Specifically, presession access seemed to influence behavior during the alone condition in which both discriminative and reinforcing stimuli were absent, suggesting a direct effect of the MO on the behavior. DESCRIPTORS: functional analysis, problem behavior, motivating operations, autism. C1 Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP O'Reilly, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM markoreilly@mail.utexas.edu CR Berg WK, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P463, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-463 Horner RH, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P601, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-601 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 MICHAEL J, 1982, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V37, P149, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149 MICHAEL J, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P191 O'Reilly MF, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P371, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-371 O'Reilly MF, 2006, BEHAV INTERVENT, V21, P195, DOI 10.1002/bin.215 O'Reilly MF, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P239, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.160-04 Roantree CF, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.97-05 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Worsdell AS, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P451, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-451 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.731-735 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400017 PM 18189108 ER PT J AU DeQuinzio, JA Townsend, DB Sturmey, P Poulson, CL AF DeQuinzio, Jaime Ann Townsend, Dawn Buffington Sturmey, Peter Poulson, Claire L. TI Generalized imitation of facial models by children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE generalized imitation; affect; autism ID AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR AB Imitation is an essential skill in the acquisition of language and communication skills. An initial phase in teaching young children with autism to engage in appropriate affective responding may be to teach the imitation of facial models. Using a multiple baseline across participants design, imitation training (consisting of modeling, prompting, differential reinforcement, and error correction) was introduced successively across 3 participants. Low and inconsistent rates of imitation of facial models were observed in baseline. All of the participants learned to imitate some of the facial models presented during imitation training, but only 2 of the 3 participants demonstrated generalized responding across stimuli. DESCRIPTORS: generalized imitation, affect, autism. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. SUNY Albany, Grad Ctr, Albany, NY 12246 USA. RP DeQuinzio, JA (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Psychol, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM jaimedes@aol.com CR BAER DM, 1964, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V1, P37, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(64)90005-0 Buffington DM, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P535, DOI 10.1023/A:1026056229214 BURGESS RL, 1970, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V3, P39, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1970.3-39 Gena A, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P291, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-291 Gena A, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P545, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0014-9 IGENMEY R, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P591 POULSON CL, 2003, SMALL MATTER PROOF L, P101 Rogers S. J., 1999, IMITATION INFANCY, P254 SMITH IM, 1994, PSYCHOL BULL, V116, P259, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.259 YOUNG JM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P685, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-685 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 755 EP 759 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.755-759 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400021 PM 18189112 ER PT J AU Tarbox, RSF Tarbox, J Ghezzi, PM Wallace, MD Yoo, JH AF Tarbox, Rachel S. F. Tarbox, Jonathan Ghezzi, Patrick M. Wallace, Michele D. Yoo, J. Helen TI The effects of blocking mouthing of leisure items on their effectiveness as reinforcers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; object mouthing; reinforcer assessment; response blocking; stereotypy ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; SELF-STIMULATION AB Leisure items are commonly used as reinforcers in behavior-analytic applications. However, a defining feature of autism is the occurrence of stereotypy, and individuals with autism often engage leisure items in a stereotyped manner. The opportunity for stereotyped interaction may be the only aspect of a contingent stimulus that makes it a reinforcer for appropriate behavior. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of blocking stereotyped reinforcer interaction on reinforcer efficacy for 2 children with autism. Results showed that blocking stereorypic reinforcer interaction did not influence reinforcer efficacy. DESCRIPTORS: autism, object mouthing, reinforcer assessment, response blocking, stereotypy. C1 Ctr Austism & Related Disorders Inc, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Tarbox, RSF (reprint author), Ctr Austism & Related Disorders Inc, 19019 Ventura Blvd 3rd Floor, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALSAM PD, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P283, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-283 DeLeon IG, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P475, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-475 DeLeon IG, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-111 Fisher WW, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P15 Hanley GP, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 Piazza CC, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-137 REID DH, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P139, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-139 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.761-765 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 235TO UT WOS:000251257400022 PM 18189113 ER PT J AU Tamguney, T Stokoe, D AF Tamguney, Tanja Stokoe, David TI New insights into PTEN SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE PI3-kinase activity; PTEN; phosphatase; cancer; diabetes ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; EGR-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; TENSIN-HOMOLOG; UP-REGULATION; BREAST-CANCER; NUCLEAR PTEN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; CHROMOSOME-10 PTEN AB The functions ascribed to PTEN have become more diverse since its discovery as a putative phosphatase mutated in many human tumors. Although it can dephosphorylate lipids and proteins, it also has functions independent of phosphatase activity in normal and pathological states. In addition, control of PTEN function is very complex. It is positively and negatively regulated at the transcriptional level, as well as post-translationally by phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, oxidation and acetylation. Although most of its tumor suppressor activity is likely to be caused by lipid dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane, PTEN also resides in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its subcellular distribution is under strict control. Deregulation of PTEN function is implicated in other human diseases in addition to cancer, including diabetes and autism. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP Stokoe, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, 2340 Sutter St, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. 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Cell Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 23 BP 4071 EP 4079 DI 10.1242/jcs.015230 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 234FB UT WOS:000251145000001 PM 18032782 ER PT J AU Malone, RP Delaney, MA Hyman, SB Cater, JR AF Malone, Richard P. Delaney, Mary Anne Hyman, Susan B. Cater, Jacqueline R. TI Ziprasidone in adolescents with autism: An open-label pilot study SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; INFANTILE-AUTISM; RISPERIDONE TREATMENT; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL; SYMPTOMS; PLACEBO; DISORDERS; TERM; DISCONTINUATION AB Introduction: The antipsychotic drugs are the best-studied agents shown to reduce symptoms in autism, including hyperactivity, aggression, self-abusive behavior, temper tantrums, lability, irritability, social withdrawal, and stereotypical behaviors. However, significant weight gain has been associated with use of many atypical agents. Ziprasidone has been weight neutral in adult populations, but data from adolescents and patients with autism are sparse. However, ziprasidone administration has been associated with increases in the QTc. The purpose of this study was to collect pilot data on the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone in adolescents with autism, focusing on safety issues of weight gain and QTc. Methods: Twelve adolescents with autism (mean age 14.5 +/- 1.8 years) were treated in a 6-week open pilot study. Ziprasidone dosage ranged from 20 to 160 mg/day (mean, 98.3 +/- 40.4 mg/day). The primary efficacy measure was the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement item (CGI-I); other efficacy measures included the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results: Based on the CGI-I, 9 of 12 (75%) patients were treatment responders. Ziprasidone was weight neutral, and the QTc increased by a mean of 14.7 msec. Two subjects had acute dystonic reactions. Cholesterol decreased and prolactin remained the same. Conclusions: Ziprasidone shows promise as a treatment for adolescents with autism. More definitive trials are needed. C1 [Malone, Richard P.; Delaney, Mary Anne; Hyman, Susan B.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19124 USA. [Cater, Jacqueline R.] Biomed Stat Consulting, Wynnewood, PA USA. RP Malone, RP (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, 4641 Roosevelt Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19124 USA. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 779 EP 790 DI 10.1089/cap.2006.0126 PG 12 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 256QU UT WOS:000252745500005 PM 18315450 ER PT J AU Wong, VCN Li, SYH AF Wong, Virginia C. N. Li, Susanna Y. H. TI Rett syndrome: Prevalence among Chinese and a comparison of MECP2 mutations of classic Rett syndrome with other neuro developmental disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; MECP2 mutation; prevalence among Chinese children; autism spectrum disorder; epileptic encephalopathy; nonsyndromal mental retardation ID UNEXPLAINED MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUTISM AB Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder. Mutation of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) is present in up to 96% of patients with Rett syndrome. Eight mutations represent the hotspot of MECP2 mutations (R106W, R133C, T158M, R168X, R255X, R270X, R294X, and R306C) in patients with classic Rett syndrome. The prevalence and survival rate of Rett syndrome among Chinese women was investigated. The 8 hotspot mutations and the A140V mutation were also studied in 4 cohorts of Chinese children (n = 144) actively followed up in our university neurodevelopmental center with classic Rett syndrome (n = 5), autism spectrum disorder (n = 94), epileptic encephalopathy of unknown cause (n = 22), and nonsyndromal mental retardation (n = 23). The prevalence of Rett syndrome among female Chinese younger than 35 years in Hong Kong West is 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.98) per 10 000. Survival is 100.0% at 10 years and 87.5% at 25 years. Three hotspot mutations (R106W, R255X, and R306C) were found in 3 girls with classic Rett syndrome. No hotspot MECP2 mutations were found in the other 3 cohorts. Screening of MECP2 mutations is not worthwhile in Chinese children with pure cognitive, autistic, or unexplained epileptic disorders without other signs of Rett syndrome. In the early stage of developmental arrest before developmental regression, MECP2 screening might be useful for girls with unexplained epileptic encephalopathy before full-blown classic Rett syndrome is evident. C1 [Wong, Virginia C. N.; Li, Susanna Y. H.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wong, VCN (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1400 DI 10.1177/0883073807307091 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 240MJ UT WOS:000251591400013 PM 18174559 ER PT J AU Rutter, M Kreppner, J Croft, C Murin, M Colvert, E Beckett, C Castle, J Sonuga-Barke, EJS AF Rutter, Michael Kreppner, Jana Croft, Carla Murin, Marianna Colvert, Emma Beckett, Celia Castle, Jenny Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S. TI Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE institutional care; autism; adolescence ID ROMANIAN ADOPTEES; CHILDREN; PRIVATION AB Background: Some young children reared in profoundly depriving institutions have been found to show autistic-like patterns, but the developmental significance of these features is unknown. Methods: A randomly selected, age-stratified, sample of 144 children who had experienced an institutional upbringing in Romania and who were adopted by UK families was studied at 4, 6, and I I years, and compared with a non-institutionalised sample of 52 domestic adoptees. Twenty-eight children, all from Romanian institutions, for whom the possibility of quasi-autism had been raised, were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) at the age of 12 years. Results: Sixteen children were found to have a quasi-autistic pattern; a rate of 9.2% in the Romanian institution-reared adoptees with an IQ of at least 50 as compared with 0% in the domestic adoptees. There were a further 12 children with some autistic-like features, but for whom the quasi-autism designation was not confirmed. The follow-up of the children showed that a quarter of the children lost their autistic-like features by 11. Disinhibited attachment and poor peer relationships were also present in over half of the children with quasi-autism. Conclusions: The findings at age 11/12 years confirmed the reality and clinical significance of the quasi-autistic patterns seen in over 1 in 10 of the children who experienced profound institutional deprivation. Although there were important similarities with 'ordinary' autism, the dissimilarities suggest a different meaning. C1 [Rutter, Michael; Kreppner, Jana; Colvert, Emma; Beckett, Celia; Castle, Jenny; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC SGDP Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Croft, Carla] Hillingdon Hosp, Dept Hlth Psychol, Uxbridge, Middx, England. [Murin, Marianna] Bromley PCT NHS Trust, Bassetts Ctr, Farnborough, Kent, England. [Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.] Univ Southampton, Dev Brain Behav Unit, Sch Psychol, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.] NYU, Ctr Child Study, New York, NY 10011 USA. RP Rutter, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC SGDP Ctr, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM j.wickham@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Sonuga-Barke, Edmund/D-9137-2011; Rutter, Michael/C-8570-2013 CR Beckett C, 2006, CHILD DEV, V77, P696, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00898.x Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Brown R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P693, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x Courchesne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P337, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 FRANKENBURG WK, 1986, REVISED DENVER PRE S Frith U., 2003, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Groothues C., 2006, J CHILDRENS SERVICES, V1, P5 Gunnar MR, 2007, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V19, P129, DOI 10.1017/S0954579407070071 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 Hoksbergen R, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P615, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0005-x Joliffe T., 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P395 Kaland N, 2005, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V14, P73, DOI 10.1007/s00787-005-0434-2 Lord C., 2001, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB MacLean K, 2003, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V15, P853, DOI 10.1017/S0954579403000415 McCarthy D., 1972, MCCARTHY SCALES CHIL NOWICKI S, 1993, J SOC PSYCHOL, V133, P749 RUTTER M, 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTICE I Rutter M, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P465, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002236 Rutter M, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P17, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01688.x Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Rutter M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P537, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099003935 SATTERTHWAITE FE, 1946, BIOMETRICS BULL, V2, P110, DOI 10.2307/3002019 Wechsler D., 1991, MANUAL WECHSLER INTE WOODHOUSE W, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9630 EI 1469-7610 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1200 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01792.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 252LZ UT WOS:000252449300006 PM 18093025 ER PT J AU Peterson, CC Slaughter, VP Paynter, J AF Peterson, Candida C. Slaughter, Virginia P. Paynter, Jessica TI Social maturity and theory of mind in typically developing children and those on the autism spectrum SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger's disorder; theory-of-mind; social maturity ID THEORY-OF-MIND; FALSE-BELIEF; BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; SKILLS AB Background: Results of several studies using the Vineland scale to explore links between social behavior and theory of mind (ToM) have produced mixed results, especially for children on the autism spectrum. The present pair of studies developed a psychometrically sound, age-referenced measure of social maturity to explore these issues further. Method: In Study 1, 37 typically developing preschoolers took a battery of standard false belief tests of ToM and were rated by their teachers on a newly developed age-referenced social maturity scale with 7 items. In Study 2, a further group of 43 children aged 4 to 12 years (13 with autism, 14 with Asperger's disorder and 16 with typical development) took part in the same procedure. Results: In Study 1, ToM was found to predict typical preschoolers' social maturity independently of age and verbal maturity. In Study 2, children with autism scored below age-matched and younger typical developers in both ToM and social maturity. Those with Asperger's disorder did well on ToM but poorly on social maturity. Study 2 replicated Study 1's finding (for typical children and for the full sample) that ToM was linked with social maturity independently of age and verbal ability, although the link was not independent of autism diagnosis. Conclusions: Teachers are capable of rating children's social behavior with peers as advanced, on-time or delayed for their age. Suggestive links between these ratings and ToM require further investigation, especially among children on the autism spectrum. C1 [Peterson, Candida C.; Slaughter, Virginia P.; Paynter, Jessica] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Peterson, CC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM candi@psy.uq.edu.au CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Astingtons J. W., 2003, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENC, P13 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen S, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS Dissanayake C., 2003, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENC, P213 DUNN LM, 1997, PPVT 3 FOMBONNE E, 1994, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V3, P176 Frith U., 1994, SOCIAL DEV, V3, P108, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-9507.1994.TB00031.X Goodnow J. J., 1985, PARENTAL BELIEF SYST, P235 HAPPE FGE, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00909.x Hughes C, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P483, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005533 Hughes C, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P191 Jenkins JM, 2000, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V46, P203 LALONDE CE, 1995, COGNITION EMOTION, V9, P167, DOI 10.1080/02699939508409007 McAlister A, 2007, COGNITIVE DEV, V22, P258, DOI 10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.10.009 OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 PETERSON CC, 2004, INT SOC STUDY BEHAV, V1, P11 Peterson CC, 2002, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P205, DOI 10.1348/026151002166415 Peterson CC, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P126, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00119 Peterson CC, 2000, MIND LANG, V15, P123, DOI 10.1111/1468-0017.00126 RUBIN K, 1998, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, P619, DOI DOI 10.1002/9780470147658.CHPSY0310 Slaughter V, 2002, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P545, DOI 10.1348/026151002760390945 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TABACHNICK BARBARA G., 1989, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2d Tager-Flusberg H., 2003, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENC, P197 VANDELL DL, 1995, FRIENDSHIP SOCIAL RE, P181 Watson AC, 1999, DEV PSYCHOL, V35, P386, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.35.2.386 Wellman HM, 2001, CHILD DEV, V72, P655, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00304 Yirmiya N, 1998, PSYCHOL BULL, V124, P283, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.283 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01810.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 252LZ UT WOS:000252449300011 PM 18093030 ER PT J AU Brieber, S Neufang, S Bruning, N Kamp-Becker, I Remschmidt, H Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Fink, GR KonradL, K AF Brieber, Sarah Neufang, Susanne Bruning, Nicole Kamp-Becker, Inge Remschmidt, Helmut Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Fink, Gereon R. KonradL, Kerstin TI Structural brain abnormalities in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADD/ADHD; autistic disorder; structural MRI; VBM ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CHILDREN; ADHD; HIPPOCAMPAL; VOLUMES; BDNF AB Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two distinct neurodevelopmental diseases, they share behavioural, neuropsychological and neurobiological characteristics. For the identification of endophenotypes across diagnostic categories, further investigations of phenotypic overlap between ADHD and autism at the behavioural, neurocognitive, and brain levels are needed. Methods: We examined regional grey matter differences and similarities in children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD in comparison to healthy controls using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry. Results: With regard to clinical criteria, the clinical groups did not differ with respect to ADHD symptoms; however, only patients with ASD showed deficits in social communication and interaction, according to parental rating. Structural abnormalities across both clinical groups compared to controls became evident as grey matter reductions in the left medial temporal lobe and as higher grey matter volumes in the left inferior parietal cortex. In addition, autism-specific brain abnormalities were found as increased grey matter volume in the right supramarginal gyrus. Conclusions: While the shared structural deviations in the medial temporal lobe might be attributed to an unspecific delay in brain development and might be associated with memory deficits, the structural abnormalities in the inferior parietal lobe may correspond to attentional deficits observed in both ASD and ADHD. By contrast, the autism-specific grey matter abnormalities near the right temporo-parietal junction may be associated with impaired 'theory of mind' abilities. These findings shed some light on both similarities and differences in the neurocognitive profiles of ADHD and ASD patients. C1 [Brieber, Sarah; Neufang, Susanne; Fink, Gereon R.; KonradL, Kerstin] Res Ctr Julich, Dept Med, Inst Neurosci & Biophys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bruning, Nicole; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate] Univ Hosp Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Aachen, Germany. [Brieber, Sarah; Neufang, Susanne; KonradL, Kerstin] Univ Hosp Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Child Neuropsychol Sect, Aachen, Germany. [Brieber, Sarah; Neufang, Susanne; Fink, Gereon R.; KonradL, Kerstin] Res Ctr Julich, Brain Imaging Ctr W, Julich, Germany. [Fink, Gereon R.] Univ Hosp Koln, Dept Neurol, Cologne, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut] Univ Marburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Brieber, S (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Dept Med, Inst Neurosci & Biophys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. 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Ho, 2004) published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders that discussed screening tools and diagnostic assessments used to identify autism in 2-year-olds as well as a follow-up study 2(1)/(2) years later. The author also provides a discussion of the impact of receiving this diagnosis on families and roles for counselors. C1 Blue Ridge Autism Ctr, Blue Ridge, VA 24064 USA. RP Layne, CM (reprint author), Blue Ridge Autism Ctr, POB 226, Blue Ridge, VA 24064 USA. 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PD WIN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 110 EP 114 PG 5 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 126YX UT WOS:000243552700015 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Rivet, TT AF Matson, Johnny L. Rivet, Tessa T. TI A validity study of the autism spectrum disorders - Behavior problems for adults (ASD-BPA) scale SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; behavior problems; adults; ASD-BPA; challenging behaviors ID SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PROBLEMS-INVENTORY; SELF-INJURY; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; PEOPLE AB Challenging behaviors are common and serious problems in adults with autism or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and comorbid intellectual disability (ID). These difficulties impede learning and can compromise placement in more independent living settings. Despite this, no scale has been developed for problems behaviors in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The ASD-BPA is a 19 item scale developed recently, specifically for this purpose. This study is the first attempt to establish the validity of the measure by correlating it to the more extensive, already established Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) for 27 adults with ID. The ASD-BPA proved to have good validity. A discussion of the results and implications for future research is presented. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Johnmatson@aol.com CR *AM PSYCHOL ASS, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bryson S. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 6 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1007/s10882-007-9069-1 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 215LA UT WOS:000249808600003 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Wilkins, J Gonzalez, M AF Matson, Johnny L. Wilkins, Jonathan Gonzalez, Melissa TI Reliability and factor structure of the autism spectrum disorders - Diagnosis scale for intellectually disabled adults (ASD-DA) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; ASD-DA; ID; adults; reliability ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; RATING-SCALE; DSM-IV; CHILDREN; INSTRUMENTS; VALIDITY; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENT AB Most of the scale development work in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to date has focused on instrumentation designed for one disorder, autism, and mainly focused on young children. Three hundred seventy-one staff were administered a newly developed assessment scale for adults with ID. The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnosis Scale for Intellectually Disabled Adults (ASD-DA) was designed to quickly provide relevant information to establish a diagnosis for the most common ASD (autism, PDD-NOS, and Asperger's syndrome). Staff completed the assessment for adults with ID (n=192) some of which had a diagnosis of either autism or PDD-NOS (n=107) or ID alone (n=85). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability data were obtained. Item analysis reduced the scale to 31 items that were found to be both reliable and significantly differentiate between groups. A factor analysis with a three-factor solution was identified. The internal consistency of factor and total scale scores were found to be excellent. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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TI Effectiveness of training parents to teach joint attention in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; INTERVENTION; COMMUNICATION; STRATEGIES; SUPPORT; GAZE AB Young children with autism have deficits in initiating and responding to joint attention bids. This study was designed to examine a parent-implemented intervention targeting joint attention responding in children with autism. Parents were trained to increase their joint attention bids using behavior analytic techniques to facilitate appropriate responding. Parents effectively employed joint attention intervention techniques. As parent joint attention bids increased, children's responses increased Children's joint attention initiations also increased, even though they were not direct targets of intervention. Findings suggest that parent behaviors during and after intervention impact generalization and maintenance of behavior changes. 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PD WIN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 2 BP 154 EP 172 DI 10.1177/105381510702900207 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 149NI UT WOS:000245153200007 ER PT J AU Tochigi, M Kato, C Koishi, S Kawakubo, Y Yamamoto, K Matsumoto, H Hashimoto, O Kim, SY Watanabe, K Kano, Y Nanba, E Kato, N Sasaki, T AF Tochigi, Mamoru Kato, Chieko Koishi, Shinko Kawakubo, Yuki Yamamoto, Kenji Matsumoto, Hideo Hashimoto, Ohiko Kim, Soo-Yung Watanabe, Keiichiro Kano, Yukiko Nanba, Eiji Kato, Nobumasa Sasaki, Tsukasa TI No evidence for significant association between GABA receptor genes in chromosome 15q11-q13 and autism in a Japanese population SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; chromosome 15; GABA; GABRB3; SNP ID LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; SUBUNIT GENES; HAPLOTYPE FREQUENCIES; DISORDER; FAMILIES; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS; GENETICS; DISEASE; BLOCKS AB The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor genes GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 located on chromosome 15q11-q13 have been major candidates for susceptibility genes for autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. In this study, we first investigated the association between the GABA receptor genes and autism in a Japanese population by analyzing 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Intron 3 of GABRB3 was densely mapped because the previous studies observed the association of the microsatellite 155CA-2 located in the region. We observed no significant difference in allelic frequencies or genotypic distributions of the 11 SNPs between patients and controls. A permutation test showed no significant global differences in estimated haplotype frequencies between patients and controls. Analysis after confining the subjects to males showed similar results. Thus, this study provides no positive evidence of an association between the GABA receptor genes and autism in a Japanese population. However, in a SNP (rs3212337) located near the microsatellite 155CA-2, a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in patients (p = 0.029, corrected for multiple testing). This finding may suggest further studies around the markers for more definitive conclusions. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Hlth Serv Ctr, Dept Neuropsychiat,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. Aino Univ, Dept Med Technol, Osaka 5670012, Japan. Tokyo Univ Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. Tottori Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Tottori 6830826, Japan. RP Sasaki, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Hlth Serv Ctr, Dept Neuropsychiat,Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hong, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. 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Hum. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 12 BP 985 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s10038-007-0207-5 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 234JP UT WOS:000251157700004 PM 17957331 ER PT J AU Mackay, T Knott, F Dunlop, AW AF Mackay, Tommy Knott, Fiona Dunlop, Aline-Wendy TI Developing social interaction and understanding in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A groupwork intervention SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; social interaction; communication; group intervention ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL TREATMENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SKILLS GROUP; OUTCOMES; ADOLESCENTS; PROGRAM; ADULTS; BOYS AB Background Difficulties with social interaction and understanding lie at the heart of the communication disorder that characterises the autism spectrum. This study sought to improve social communication for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by means of a groupwork intervention focusing on social and emotional perspective-taking, conversation skills, and friendship skills. It also aimed to address some of the limitations of previous interventions, including a lack of generalisation to other settings, so as to maximise inclusion in the community. Method A group of 46 high functioning children and adolescents with ASD (38 boys, 8 girls, age range 6-16 years) were allocated to one of 6 intervention groups. Each group met over a period of 12-16 weeks for a minimum of one 1 1/2-hour weekly session aimed at promoting key areas of social interaction and understanding, supported by home-based practice. Results Significant gains were achieved in comparison with a normative population, and individual parent ratings showed marked and sustained changes in the key areas targeted in the group sessions. Conclusion Social communication in children and adolescents with ASD can be enhanced through the use of a groupwork intervention addressing social interaction and understanding. C1 [Mackay, Tommy; Dunlop, Aline-Wendy] Univ Strathclyde, Natl Ctr Autism Studies, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Knott, Fiona] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Mackay, T (reprint author), Psychol Consultancy Serv, Ardoch House, Cardross, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. EM Tommy@ardoch.fsnet.co.uk CR Attwood T., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P85, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001006 Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 BARTAK L, 1973, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V14, P161, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1973.tb01185.x Bauminger N, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P283, DOI 10.1023/A:1016378718278 BREGMAN J, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P3 CAPPS L, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P137 Carter AS, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P287, DOI 10.1023/A:1026056518470 CELIBERTI DA, 1993, BEHAV THER, V24, P573, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80319-3 Chung KM, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P423, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.05.002 COHEN J, 1988, STATISTICAL POWER AN DAWSON G, 1990, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V18, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF00916569 DUNLOP AW, IN PRESS EUROPEAN J EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x FOOT H, 1994, GROUP INTERACTIVE LE GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x Gillott A, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P277, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005003005 Howlin P., 1999, AUTISM, V3, P299, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361399003003007 Howlin P, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002138 Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 Howlin P, 2005, J NEURAL TRANSM-SUPP, P101 Hwang B, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P331, DOI 10.1023/A:1005579317085 Jordan R. 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TI Adult siblings of individuals with Down syndrome versus with autism: findings from a large-scale US survey SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Congress on Down Syndrome CY AUG, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA DE adult sibling questionnaire; adult siblings; autism; Down syndrome; joint activities; other disabilities; sibling relationship ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; FAMILIES; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; MOTHERS AB Background As adults with Down syndrome live increasingly longer lives, their adult siblings will most likely assume caregiving responsibilities. Yet little is known about either the sibling relationship or the general functioning of these adult siblings. Using a national, web-based survey, this study compared adult siblings of individuals with Down syndrome to siblings of individuals with autism in terms of a potential ` Down syndrome advantage' and changes across age of the brother/sister with disabilities. Methods Two groups were examined, siblings of persons with Down syndrome (n = 284) and with autism (n = 176). The Adult Sibling Questionnaire measured the number and length of contacts between siblings and their brothers/sisters with disabilities; the warmth, closeness and positiveness of the sibling relationship; and the sibling's overall levels of perceived health, depression and rewards of being a sibling. Results Compared with siblings of brothers/sisters with autism, siblings of brothers/sisters with Down syndrome showed closer, warmer sibling relationships, along with slightly better health, lower levels of depressive symptoms and more contacts. Across age groups of the brother/sister with disabilities, both groups showed lessened contacts, with less close sibling relationships occurring when brothers/sisters with disabilities were aged 30-44 years and 45 years and older (in Down syndrome) and 45 years and older (in autism). Within both groups, closer sibling relationships were associated with more frequent and lengthy contacts, brothers/sisters with disabilities who were better at maintaining friendships and had lower levels of behavioural/emotional problems, and siblings who felt themselves more rewarded by being a sibling to a brother/sister with disabilities. Conclusions In line with earlier work on families of children with disabilities, this study shows an advantage for siblings of adults with Down syndrome, in terms of both sibling relationships and of slightly better health and lessened depressive symptoms. Both joint contacts and close sibling relationships do, however, differ when the brother/sister with disabilities is older. As the first generation of probable caregivers, siblings of persons with Down syndrome who are in their forties, fifties and sixties require increased research attention. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res & Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res & Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. RP Urbano, RC (reprint author), 230 Appleton Pl,Box 40, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 BP 1018 EP 1029 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00994.x PN 12 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 228WD UT WOS:000250762400012 PM 17991009 ER PT J AU Seung, H Rogalski, Y Shankar, M Elder, J AF Seung, HyeKyeung Rogalski, Yvonne Shankar, Meena Elder, Jennifer TI The gluten- and casein-free diet and autism: Communication outcomes from a preliminary double-blind clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; THERAPY AB This study retrospectively examined the efficacy of a gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet intervention as a means to improve verbal/nonverbal communication in children with autism spectrum disorders. Data were analyzed retrospectively from a randomized, double-blind, repeated measures crossover design study that included 13 children aged 2-16 years with autism spectrum disorders. Video recordings of at-home parent-child play were analyzed. Recordings were made at baseline, after 6 weeks on one of the diets (GFCF or regular diet), and after 6 weeks on the alternate diet. Findings of the current study indicated no statistically significant differences in verbal and nonverbal communication outcomes between GFCF and regular diet conditions. While results of this study demonstrate that double-blind clinical trials of diet intervention are feasible, they are inconclusive regarding the efficacy of diet for improving communication, perhaps due to the relatively short period of diet intervention used. Directions for future research are discussed as well as implications for clinical practice. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Coll Commun, Dept Human Commun Studies, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Seung, H (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Coll Commun, Dept Human Commun Studies, 2600 E Nutwood Ave, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. 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Med. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 337 EP 345 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Clinical Neurology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 239ND UT WOS:000251524100002 ER PT J AU Boeschoten, MA Kenemans, JL van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Boeschoten, M. A. Kenemans, J. L. van Engeland, H. Kemner, C. TI Face processing in Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD): the roles of expertise and spatial frequency SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE PDD; face processing; expertise; spatial frequency; event related potentials ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; OBJECT RECOGNITION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; GLOBAL PRECEDENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN; PERCEPTION; INDIVIDUALS; ACTIVATION AB Both a reduced face expertise and a basic abnormality in visual information, e.g. spatial frequency, processing have been proposed as possible causes of the abnormal face processing in Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). This study investigated both the roles of expertise and spatial frequency for face processing in PDD. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and dipole sources were measured in response to (upright/inverted) high- and low-pass filtered faces, houses, and stimuli for which children with PDD were experts. ERP analyses for specific posterior electrodes showed no differences between children with PDD and matched controls, but source analyses did. These showed that controls activated specialized brain sources for the processing of faces, which was dependent on low spatial frequency content. However, children with PDD did not. Importantly, present results argue against the idea that this is due to a reduced face expertise on the part of the children with PDD, but instead support an abnormality in spatial frequency processing. C1 Ctr Med Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. 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TI The expanding vision of positive behavior support: Research perspectives on happiness, helpfulness, hopefulness SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Association-for-Positive-Behavior-Support CY MAR, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP Assoc Posit Behav Support ID PSYCHOLOGY; CHILDREN; AUTISM; INTERVENTION; SYMPTOMS; DISORDER; PROGRAMS; STUDENTS; SCIENCE; PEOPLE AB Positive behavior support (PBS) represents an empirically driven concern with quality of life (QOL), support through systems change, and linkage to multiple behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. The major impediments to QOL are problem behavior, skill deficits, and dysfunctional systems. A model for addressing dysfunctional systems is presented, and its relationship to issues of behavior maintenance and sustainability of intervention efforts is described. The expansion of PBS to new populations and venues will likely be facilitated by linking this field to other disciplines, including organizational management, community/ecological psychology, cultural psychology, biomedical science, and positive psychology. Such linkage will enhance the development of PBS conceptually, methodologically, and empirically, culminating in a more effective and unique applied science. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Carr, EG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Edward.Carr@sunysb.edu CR Albin R. W., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P81 Ambrose D, 1987, MANAGING COMPLEX CHA ANDERSON JL, 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P467 Baer DM, 1998, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V23, P50, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.23.1.50 Baker D. 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PD WIN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1177/10983007070090010201 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 123VS UT WOS:000243324800002 ER PT J AU Baker-Ericzen, MJ Stahmer, AC Burns, A AF Baker-Ericzen, Mary J. Stahmer, Aubyn C. Burns, Amelia TI Child demographics associated with outcomes in a community-based pivotal response training program SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTERVENTION; LEVEL AB Although knowledge about the efficacy of treatments such as pivotal response training (PRT) for children with autism is increasing, studies of large-scale effectiveness for and transportability to diverse community populations are needed. The current study provides a large-scale preliminary assessment of (a) the effectiveness of a community-based parent education PRT intervention and (b) whether specific child variables are associated with outcomes. One hundred fifty-eight families with children having an autism spectrum diagnosis participated. Children were heterogeneous with regards to age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Results indicate that all of the children showed significant improvements in adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984). However, younger children (3 years old or younger) showed the least impairment at intake and the most improvement postintervention. This is one of the first large-scale community studies of PRT that included a diverse sample. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Baker-Ericzen, MJ (reprint author), 3020 Childrens Way,MC 5033, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. 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PD WIN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1177/10983007070090010601 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 123VS UT WOS:000243324800006 ER PT J AU Bruckner, C Yoder, P Stone, W Saylor, M AF Bruckner, Cornelia Yoder, Paul Stone, Wendy Saylor, Megan TI Construct validity of the MCDI- I receptive vocabulary scale can be improved: Differential item functioning between toddlers with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing infants SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vocabulary; autism; modern test theory ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION PROCEDURES; METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; DEFICITS; TESTS AB Purpose: To evaluate whether the validity of the Receptive Vocabulary scale of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory for Infants (MCDI-I; L. Fenson et al., 1991), a parent-report measure of early vocabulary, could be improved for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by removing items that are biased. Method: Logistic regression was used to identify biased items. Items are considered biased if characteristics other than those being measured by the instrument change the probability that a person will get an item correct. Participants in the current study included 272 typically developing infants younger than 18 months of age and 209 toddlers with ASD older than 18 months of age. The age difference between the 2 groups is a result of matching on total size of the receptive vocabulary. Results: Twenty-five items were identified as showing large bias. Conclusion: Deletion of these items from the test should increase the degree to which the authors are measuring the size of the respondent's mental lexicon with the total score from the MCDI-I. C1 [Bruckner, Cornelia; Yoder, Paul; Stone, Wendy; Saylor, Megan] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Bruckner, C (reprint author), Napa Cty Off Educ, 311 Profess Ctr Dr, Ronnent Park, CA 94928 USA. EM cornelia.bruckner@gmail.com CR ACKERMAN TA, 1992, J EDUC MEAS, V29, P67, DOI 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1992.tb00368.x Adamson LB, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1171, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00732.x Aldred C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1420, DOI 10.1111/j1469-7610.2004.00338.x American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bruckner CT, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P161, DOI 10.1177/1362361307075709 Charman T, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P59, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018075.77941.60 Coonrod EE, 2004, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V17, P258 COURCHESNE E, 1994, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V108, P848, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848 CRONBACH LJ, 1955, PSYCHOL BULL, V52, P281, DOI 10.1037/h0040957 Dawson G, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P271, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 Donoghue J. 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Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1631 EP 1638 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/110) PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 267HG UT WOS:000253499500014 PM 18055777 ER PT J AU Constantino, JN LaVesser, PD Zhang, Y Abbacchi, AM Gray, T Todd, RD AF Constantino, John N. LaVesser, Patricia D. Zhang, Yi Abbacchi, Anna M. Gray, Teddi Todd, Richard D. TI Rapid quantitative assessment of autistic social impairment by classroom teachers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; rating scale; school assessment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENERAL-POPULATION; TRAITS; BEHAVIOR; RESPONSIVENESS; FAMILIES AB Objective: Teachers routinely observe children in the naturalistic social contexts of their classrooms and provide extremely important input in the evaluation of numerous psychiatric syndromes. Their precision in ascertaining and quantifying autistic symptomatology has not previously been established. In this study, we compared teachers' ratings of autistic symptomatology with those derived from parents, expert clinicians, and trained raters. Method: A total of 577 subjects (ages 4-18 years) with (n = 406) and without (n = 171) pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) were assessed by one parent and one current teacher using the Social Responsiveness Scale, a quantitative measure of autistic traits. PDD subjects were assessed by expert clinicians, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and/or the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. All of the assessments were conducted during the period 1996-2006. Results: Teacher Social Responsiveness Scale reports exhibited strong correlations with parent reports (0.72); use of quantitative ratings from both informants resulted in extremely high sensitivity and specificity for clinical and research diagnoses of PDDs (area under receiver operating characteristics curve =.95). Conclusions: Rapid quantitative assessments by teachers and parents constitute a cost-effective method for measuring and tracking the severity of autistic symptomatology in both educational and clinical settings. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Program Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Constantino, JN (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, 660 S Euclid,Campus Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 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TI Understanding the Etiology of Complex Traits: Symbiotic Relationships Between Psychology and Genetics SO MIND BRAIN AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID SPEECH-SOUND DISORDER; READING-DISABILITY; AUTISM; DYSLEXIA; LINKAGE; GENOME; LOCUS; ENDOPHENOTYPES; METAANALYSIS; GENES AB The present article offers comments on the infusion of methodologies, approaches, reasoning strategies, and findings from the fields of genetics and genomics into studies of complex human behaviors (hereafter, complex phenotypes). Specifically, I discuss issues of generality and specificity, causality, and replicability as they pertain to molecular genetic studies of human phenotypes. These issues are illustrated with findings from genetic linkage and association studies investigating the etiology of disorders of spoken and written language-an area of inquiry that has been consistently referenced as one of the most successful in terms of its progress in understanding the genetic bases of human behaviors. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00020.x PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Developmental SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA V15NM UT WOS:000207808700006 ER PT J AU Oslejskova, H Kontrova, I Foralova, R Dusek, L Nemethova, D AF Oslejskova, Hana Kontrova, Ivana Foralova, Renata Dusek, Ladislav Nemethova, Danka TI The course of diagnosis in autistic patients: the delay between recognition of the first symptoms by parents and correct diagnosis SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger's syndrome; early symptoms; age at diagnosis; education; behavioural therapy ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AGE; INTERVENTION; LIFE AB The primary aim of the research was to find the delay between the first symptoms of an autistic disorder being recognized by parents and diagnosis in our centre. A secondary objective was to evaluate the number of contacts with professionals (physicians, teachers, and speech therapists) in which parents pointed out special manifestations seen in children and, in spite of that, the children were not referred to a specialist. A retrospective study assessed 204 children (59 girls, 145 boys) in total; 126 children (39 girls, 87 boys) with childhood autism (CHA), 57 (17 girls, 40 boys) with atypical autism (AA), and 21 (3 girls, 18 boys) with Asperger's syndrome (AS). The mean age at appearance of the first signs was 29.7 months (range 0-70, median 30 +/- 17.0) in N=201, and the average age at diagnosis was 81.5 months (range 13-276, median 69.5 +/- 45.2) in N=204. The mean delay in making a diagnosis was 51.3 months (range 0-246, median 39 +/- 40.9) in N=201. The delay in diagnosis is shortest in patients with AA (a mean period of 44.4 months = 3 years and 8 months), longer in CHA patients (49.5 months = 4 years and 2 months), and longest in patients with AS (80.8 months = 6 years and 9 months). A statistically significant difference in the period to diagnosis was found between CHA and AS patients (p=0.023) and between AA and AS patients (p=0.019). The mean number of visits to physicians and other specialists before referring to a specialized centre for diagnosis in N=133 was 2.4 (range 1-5, median 2 +/- 0.9). The diagnosis of autism is made late and early educational and behavioural interventions cannot be initiated. C1 [Oslejskova, Hana] Univ Hosp, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Paediat Neurol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Kontrova, Ivana; Foralova, Renata] Masaryk Univ, Fac Med, Brno, Czech Republic. [Dusek, Ladislav; Nemethova, Danka] Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Oslejskova, H (reprint author), Univ Hosp, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Paediat Neurol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. 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Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 895 EP 900 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 247GN UT WOS:000252066300029 PM 18063924 ER PT J AU Buxhoeveden, DP Semendeferi, K Buckwalter, J Schenker, N Switzer, R Courchesne, E AF Buxhoeveden, D. P. Semendeferi, K. Buckwalter, J. Schenker, N. Switzer, R. Courchesne, E. TI Reduced minicolumns in the frontal cortex of patients with autism. (vol 32, pg 483, 2006) SO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction RI Schenker, Natalie/B-7470-2011 OI Schenker, Natalie/0000-0002-2651-1576 CR Buxhoeveden DP, 2006, NEUROPATH APPL NEURO, V32, P483, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00745.x NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-1846 J9 NEUROPATH APPL NEURO JI Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 6 BP 720 EP 721 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00915.x PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 228WF UT WOS:000250762600011 ER PT J AU Ramaekers, VT Blau, N Sequeira, JM Nassogne, MC Quadros, EV AF Ramaekers, V. T. Blau, N. Sequeira, J. M. Nassogne, M. -C. Quadros, E. V. TI Folate receptor autoimmunity and cerebral folate deficiency in low-functioning autism with neurological deficits SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE low-IQ autism; Kanner syndrome; neurodevelopmental delay; cerebral folate deficiency; folate receptor autoimmunity ID AUTOANTIBODIES; BEHAVIOR AB Reduced folate transport to the CNS was identified in two autism spectrum disorders, i.e., Rett syndrome and infantile low-functioning autism with neurological abnormalities. Twenty-five patients with early-onset low-functioning autism with or without neurological deficits, were evaluated for serum folate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF), and serum FR autoantibodies of the blocking type to determine the significance of folate receptor (FR) autoantibodies with respect to folate transport across the blood-CSF barrier. In spite of normal serum folate, CSF 5MTHF was low in 23 of 25 patients. The reduced CSF folate in 19 of these 23 patients could be explained by serum FR autoantibodies blocking the folate binding site of the membrane-attached FR on the choroid epithelial cells. Oral folinic acid supplements led to normal CSF 5MTHF and partial or complete clinical recovery after 12 months. Serum FR autoimmunity appears to represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of reduced folate transport to the nervous system among children with early-onset low-functioning autism associated with or without neurological deficits. Early detection of FR autoantibodies may be a key factor in the prevention and therapeutic intervention among this subgroup of patients with autism. C1 [Ramaekers, V. T.] Univ Hosp Liege, Div Child Neurol, B-4032 Chenee, Belgium. [Blau, N.] Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Div Chem & Biochem, Zurich, Switzerland. [Sequeira, J. M.; Quadros, E. V.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Med Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Nassogne, M. -C.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Child Neurol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Ramaekers, VT (reprint author), Univ Hosp Liege, Div Child Neurol, Rue Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chenee, Belgium. 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Clark, J. Chuck, G. Salomons, G. TI Screening of male patients with autism spectrum disorder for creatine transporter deficiency SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE creatine; autistic disorder; chromosome aberrations; inborn errors of metabolism ID DEFECT AB Creatine deficiency syndromes (CDS) are newly identified genetic disorders that result in neurological impairment of cognition and communication. The purpose of our study was to screen 100 male subjects with autism spectrum disorder for mutations in the SLC6A8 gene in order to determine the frequency of this genetic disorder in this population. One hundred males ages 3-18 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder based on DSM-IV criteria were recruited. DNA sequence analysis was performed on all subjects for creatine transporter gene (SLC6A8) defects. One subject had a novel unclassified variant in the SLC6A8 gene exon 13: c.1890G>C. Given that autistic features are found in a number of patients with CDS, SLC6A8 deficiency as well as the treatable forms of CDS should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Newmeyer, A.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [deGrauw, T.; Chuck, G.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Neurol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Clark, J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Neurol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Salomons, G.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Newmeyer, A (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. 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Persico, Antonio M. Andres, Christian R. TI Transmission disequilibrium study of an oligodendrocyte and myelin glycoprotein gene allele in 431 families with an autistic proband SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; transmission disequilibrium test; 17q11 autism locus; oligodendrocyte and myelin glycoprotein gene (OMG); rs11080149 polymorphism ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; NF1 GENE; ASSOCIATION; SPECTRUM; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; LINKAGE AB Autistic disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder where genetic factors play an important role. We previously described an association between a subgroup of French autistic patients and an allele of a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP: OMGP62 G > A or rs11080149) in the gene coding for the oligodendrocyte and myelin glycoprotein (OMG), located at 7 Mb from the marker D17S250, linked to autism in two independent genome scan studies. We report a study on 431 families with I affected child from different origins: French Canada (n = 262), Italy (n = 123) and United States (n = 46). We analyzed the transmission of the rs 11080149 alleles from parents to their affected children. There was a preferential transmission of the G allele from parents to affected children (p = 0.0017) in the overall sample. Paternal and maternal transmission rates were both skewed. Taking into account our previous results obtained in a French group of patients, where we observed an association with allele A, a direct role of this polymorphism is improbable in autism. The associations observed in Japanese and French patients, the linkage studies and the present work speak in favor of the existence of a susceptibility gene for autism in the NF1 locus. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tours, CHRU Tours, Fac Med, INSERM,U619, F-37032 Tours, France. 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Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.neures.2007.08.009 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 234GG UT WOS:000251148100009 PM 17897745 ER PT J AU Weber, W Newmark, S AF Weber, Wendy Newmark, Sanford TI Complementary and alternative medical therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS; FATTY-ACIDS; CHILDREN; SUPPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies are commonly used by parents for their children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorders. The use of these therapies is well documented, yet the evidence of the safety and efficacy of these treatments in children is limited. This article describes the current evidence-based CAM therapies for ADHD and autism, focusing on nutritional interventions; natural health products, including essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other health supplements; biofeedback; and reducing environmental toxins. The CAM evidence in ADHD is addressed, as is the CAM literature in autism. C1 [Weber, Wendy] Bastyr Univ, Sch Naturopath Med, Kenmore, WA 98021 USA. [Newmark, Sanford] Ctr Pediat Integrat Med, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Newmark, Sanford] Univ Arizona, Program Integrat Med, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Weber, W (reprint author), Bastyr Univ, Sch Naturopath Med, 14500 Juanita Dr NE, Kenmore, WA 98021 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 6 BP 983 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2007.09.006 PG 25 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 252AD UT WOS:000252416300010 PM 18061787 ER PT J AU Curran, LK Newschaffer, CJ Lee, LC Crawford, SO Johnston, MV Zimmerman, AW AF Curran, Laura K. Newschaffer, Craig J. Lee, Li-Ching Crawford, Stephen O. Johnston, Michael V. Zimmerman, Andrew W. TI Behaviors associated with fever in children with autism spectrum disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; autistic disorder; fever; behavior; children ID TEMPERATURE; ACTIVATION; IMMUNE AB OBJECTIVE. Clinical case reports have suggested that the behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders may improve with fever. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of illness on behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. Understanding the role of fever, if any, may be informative regarding causative mechanisms of and treatment opportunities for autism. METHODS. We conducted a prospective study of 30 children ( aged 2-18 years) with autism spectrum disorders during and after an episode of fever. Parent responses to the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were collected during fever ( body temperature >= 38.0 degrees C/100.4 degrees F), when fever had abated and the child was asymptomatic, and when the child had been fever-free for 7 days. Data were compared with those collected from parents of 30 age-, gender-, and language skills-matched afebrile children with autism spectrum disorders during similar time intervals. RESULTS. Fewer aberrant behaviors were recorded for febrile patients on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist subscales of irritability, hyperactivity, stereotypy, and inappropriate speech compared with control subjects. Per expectation, lethargy scores were greater during fevers, and all improvements were transient. Data from patients with fever were stratified on variables related to illness severity. In the majority of these subgroup comparisons, the data suggested that effects from fever persisted in the less sick patients as well as in those with more severe illness. CONCLUSIONS. We documented behavior change among children with autism spectrum disorders during fever. The data suggest that these changes might not be solely the byproduct of general effects of sickness on behavior; however, more research is needed to prove conclusively fever-specific effects and elucidate their underlying biological mechanisms ( possibly involving immunologic and neurobiological pathways, intracellular signaling, and synaptic plasticity). C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Zimmerman, AW (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Allen, Timothy Morrison, Edward R. Gralewski, Lisa Campbell, Neill TI Performance on a face perception task is associated with empathy quotient scores, but not systemizing scores or participant sex SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE empathizing; systemizing; face perception ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIGIT RATIO; EYES TEST; ADULTS; MIND; EXPRESSIONS; POPULATION; OTHERS; CUES AB This preliminary study investigated whether individual differences in performance on a difficult social perception task (determining the sex of shape normalized, line drawn dynamic faces) are related to sex of observer, scores on an empathy quotient and scores on a systemizing quotient. Performance in the face perception task (N = 60) was above chance, indicating that participants could judge the sex of the degraded facial stimuli from dynamic information alone. 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TI Emotional distress and its correlates among parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; autistic disorder; emotional stress; parents; pervasive development disorder ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MENTAL-HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; SCREENING SCALES; STRESS PROFILES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOTHERS; FATHERS; POPULATION AB A number of studies have reported that parents of autistic children face higher levels of stress, but few studies examined the stress associated with the home care of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) other than autistic disorder. The aims of the present study were therefore to (i) evaluate the emotional stress level of parents caring for their children with PDD; and (ii) explore the correlates of their emotional stress. Participants were 147 families (147 mothers and 122 fathers) of 158 children with PDD (42 with autistic disorder, 35 with Asperger's disorder and 81 with PDD not otherwise specified). K6 was used to measure the stress level of the parents. Marital relationships and personality were assessed with the Intimate Bond Measure and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, respectively. The parents also rated the characteristics of their children with PDD through the Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS). The mean K6 score of the mothers was significantly higher than that of the women in the general population in Japan. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that the emotional stress of the mothers was correlated with the personality traits of Neuroticism and Agreeableness, perceived Control by the husband, and the children's PARS score. Clinicians can deliver better service by paying appropriate attention to the emotional distress of mothers of children with not only autistic disorder but also other PDD. C1 [Yamada, Atsurou; Akechi, Tatsuo; Furukawa, Toshi A.] Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Psychiat & Cognit Behav Med, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. [Yamada, Atsurou; Suzuki, Miyoshi; Kato, Misuzu; Suzuki, Mie; Tanaka, Sayumi; Shindo, Takuo; Taketani, Kazuo] Toyohashi Municipal Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. [Tanaka, Sayumi] Yagoto Hosp, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Shindo, Takuo] Toyota W Hosp, Toyota, Japan. RP Yamada, A (reprint author), Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Psychiat & Cognit Behav Med, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. 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Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01736.x PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 240UV UT WOS:000251614600012 PM 18081627 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, RA Dillen, JE Ziomek, MM Kowalchuk, RK AF Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne Dillen, Jeffrey E. Ziomek, Megan M. Kowalchuk, Rhonda K. TI Assessing relational learning deficits in perspective-taking in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Behavior-Analysis CY MAY, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Assoc Behav Anal ID MIND AB Perspective-taking, or the ability to demonstrate awareness of informational states in oneself and in others, has been of recent interest in behavioral psychology. This is, in part, a result of a modern behavioral approach to human language and cognition known as Relational Frame Theory, which views perspective-taking as generalized operant behavior based upon a history of reinforcement for relational responding. Previous lines of research have developed a behavioral protocol for assessing relational learning deficits in perspective-taking and have implicated the lack of perspective-taking as a basis for the social deficits observed in children with autism. However, no empirical investigations have been conducted on relational learning deficits in perspective-taking with autistic populations. The present paper reports 2 experiments that investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated relational learning deficits in a perspective-taking task as compared to their age-matched typically developing peers. We also investigated whether accuracy in perspective-taking correlated with scores on standardized instruments commonly used in the assessment of autism spectrum disorder, and whether relational responding in perspective-taking improves following a history of reinforcement for such responding. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrated statistically significant differences in errors as a function of type of relation, while visual inspection revealed that participants with autism spectrum disorder made more errors than typically developing children on 2 of the 3 types of relations examined. Results of Experiment 2 illustrated that a history of reinforced relational responding improved performance on the perspective-taking task. C1 So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Rehfeldt, RA (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. 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Rec. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 1 BP 23 EP 47 PG 25 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 129XK UT WOS:000243763200003 ER PT J AU Takaoka, K Takata, T AF Takaoka, Ken Takata, Tomoji TI Catatonia in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Case report and review of literature SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGERS SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION AB Athough catatonia has been identified in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, little is known about this relationship. Studies on previous case reports dealing with the relationship between catatonia and autism spectrum disorders are reviewed, then the case of a 28-yr.-old Japanese woman with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder who exhibited mood disorder and catatonia is described. Her mood disorder was apparently induced by a crisis of her "inner world," constituted as a way of coping with a sense of alienation, related to her impaired development in reciprocal social interaction. Environmental change, a precipitating factor, induced alternation between catatonia and depression. Fluvoxamine ameliorated both features. The catatonia identified in this patient is considered to be symptom derived from depression. Given the limitation of this single case, such a conclusion is necessarily tentative. Closer investigation into cases in which patients with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders describe their own psychological experiences should be pursued. C1 [Takaoka, Ken; Takata, Tomoji] Fac Med, Dept Psychopathol, Gifu, Japan. RP Takaoka, K (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychopathol, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 5011194, Japan. 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Rep. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 101 IS 3 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.2466/PRO.101.3.961-969 PN 1 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 248CD UT WOS:000252128000036 PM 18232455 ER PT J AU Marks, SU AF Marks, Susan Unok TI Can "special" programs for children with autism spectrum disorders be inclusive? SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; program approaches; inclusion ID LEARNING-DISABILITIES; INTERVENTION C1 No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Marks, SU (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Box 5774, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. 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PD WIN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 351XV UT WOS:000259460200006 ER PT J AU Miano, S Bruni, V Elia, M Trovato, A Smerieri, A Verrillo, E Roccella, M Terzano, MG Ferri, R AF Miano, Silvia Bruni, Viero Elia, Maurizio Trovato, Alessia Smerieri, Arianna Verrillo, Elisabetta Roccella, Michele Terzano, Mario G. Ferri, Raffaele TI Sleep in children with autistic spectrum disorder: A questionnaire and polysomnographic study SO SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum disorder; sleep questionnaire; actigraphy Polysomnography; sleep stages; cyclic alternating pattern ID CYCLIC ALTERNATING PATTERN; MENTAL HANDICAP; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NREM SLEEP; COMPONENTS; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENCE; DISTURBANCE; PREVALENCE; SCALE AB Objective: To evaluate sleep in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) by means of sleep questionnaires and polysomnography; moreover, to analyze their cyclic alternating pattern (CAP). Methods: Thirty-one patients with ASD (28 males, 3 females, aged 3.7-19 years) and age-matched normal controls were included. ASD children were evaluated by a standard sleep questionnaire that consisted of 45 items in a Likert-type scale covering several areas of sleep disorders and by overnight polysomnography in the sleep laboratory after one adaptation night. Results: The questionnaire results showed that parents of ASD children reported a high prevalence of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, enuresis, repetitive behavior when falling asleep, and daytime sleepiness. Polysomnographically, ASD children showed reduced time in bed, total sleep time, sleep period time and rapid eye movement (REM) latency. ASD subjects had a CAP rate during slow-wave sleep (SWS) lower than normal controls, together with a lower percentage of A1 subtypes. Conclusions: ASD children questionnaires showed a higher percentage of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep than normal controls; this was not completely confirmed by sleep staging. CAP measures showed subtle alterations of NREM sleep which could be detected with an appropriate methodology of analysis. The reduction of At subtypes during SWS might play a role in the impairment of cognitive functioning in these subjects. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miano, Silvia; Elia, Maurizio; Trovato, Alessia; Ferri, Raffaele] IRCCS, Sleep Res Ctr, Dept Neurol, I-94018 Troina, Italy. [Bruni, Viero; Verrillo, Elisabetta] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ctr Pediat Sleep Disorders, Dept Dev Neurol & Psychiat, Rome, Italy. [Smerieri, Arianna; Terzano, Mario G.] Univ Parma, Dept Neurol, Sleep Disorders Ctr, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Roccella, Michele] Univ Palermo, Dept Psychol, Palermo, Italy. RP Ferri, R (reprint author), IRCCS, Sleep Res Ctr, Dept Neurol, Via C Ruggero 73, I-94018 Troina, Italy. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.01.014 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 255ZD UT WOS:000252696300011 PM 17728182 ER PT J AU Williams, JHG Perrett, DI Waiter, GD Pechey, S AF Williams, Justin H. G. Perrett, David I. Waiter, Gordon D. Pechey, Stephen TI Differential effects of tryptophan depletion on emotion processing according to face direction SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gaze; facial expression; empathy; serotonin; tryptophan depletion; social cognition ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; VENTRAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; HUMAN AMYGDALA; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; GENETIC-VARIATION; SOCIAL COGNITION; FEAR RECOGNITION; SENSITIVITY AB Reading facial emotion is disrupted by both psychopathology, such as autism, and altered function of neurotransmitter, such as serotonin. These effects could result from reduced sensitivity of emotional processing systems to facial emotion. The impact of facial expression is also greater when personally directed than when averted. We therefore hypothesized that brain activity associated with emotional representation, would be more susceptible to manipulation of serotonin function by Acute Tryptophan Depletion (ATD) for front-viewed than side-viewed faces, measured using functional imaging ( fMRI). ATD reduced activity independent of face view in left superior temporal sulcus (STS) and anterior cingulate. In temporal pole, medial frontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, ATD also reduced activity, but specifically for front-viewed faces. In right STS, ATD increased activity, but specifically for side-viewed faces. Activity in the amygdalae depended on face view and emotion type. We suggest that engagement of empathic and associative learning functions when viewing faces is facilitated by direct facial view and intact serotonin transmission. Averted faces, and reduced serotonin function facilitate attention to the external goal of gaze. These changes could be adaptive in a threatening context and markedly affect empathic function in conditions associated with impaired serotonin function, such as depression and autism. C1 [Williams, Justin H. G.] Univ Aberdeen, Royal Aberdeen Childerns Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Sch Med, Aberdeen AB25 2ZG, Scotland. [Perrett, David I.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Waiter, Gordon D.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Radiol, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Pechey, Stephen] Univ Cent Lancashire, Sch Psychol, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Williams, JHG (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Royal Aberdeen Childerns Hosp, Dept Child Hlth, Sch Med, Aberdeen AB25 2ZG, Scotland. 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C1 [Cezar, Gabriela G.; Quam, Jessica A.; Smith, Alan M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rosa, Guilherme J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Piekarczyk, Marian S.] WiCell Res Inst, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Brown, James F.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Biotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gage, Fred H.; Muotri, Alysson R.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cezar, GG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, 1675 Oberv Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 869 EP 882 DI 10.1089/scd.2007.0022 PG 14 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 246TU UT WOS:000252031000001 PM 18042039 ER PT J AU McGeer, V AF McGeer, Victoria TI Why neuroscience matters to cognitive neuropsychology SO SYNTHESE LA English DT Article DE cognitive neuropsychology; modularity; multiple realisability; neuroconstructivism; Williams syndrome (WS); autism (ASD); face processing ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; BRAIN; PERCEPTION AB The broad issue in this paper is the relationship between cognitive psychology and neuroscience. That issue arises particularly sharply for cognitive neurospsychology, some of whose practitioners claim a methodological autonomy for their discipline. 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Bartels, Meike Hudziak, James J. van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M. Boomsma, Dorret I. TI Genetic and environmental covariation between autistic traits and Behavioral problems SO TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; NETHERLANDS TWIN REGISTER; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; FAMILY HISTORY; PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; INFORMANT AB Our objective was to examine the overlap between autistic traits and other behavioral problems in a general population sample, and explore the extent to which this overlap is due to genetic or environmental factors. Youth Self Report (YSR) data were collected in a general population sample of 424 twin pairs at 18 years of age, and their nontwin siblings. In 197 of these twin families, self-report ratings on the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) were collected. Stepwise backward regression analyses revealed that of all 8 YSR syndrome scales, the Withdrawn Behavior (WB) and Social Problems (SOC) scale were the most important predictors of AQ scores, and together with sex, explained 23% of the variance in AQ scores. Genetic structural equation modeling showed that the overlap between AQ and WB and SOC was mainly due to genetic effects. About half of the genetic variance in AQ scores was specific to the AQ, with the remaining half shared with genetic variance in WB and SOC. Endorsement of autistic traits in a general population sample is associated with social and withdrawn behavioral problems and these problems partly share a common genetic etiology with autistic traits. However, most of the variance in AQ scores remains unexplained by YSR scores, and half of the genetic variance in AQ is unshared with WB and SOC. These results indicate that autistic traits have specific characteristics that are substantially genetically independent from other common but related behavioral domains such as social problems and withdrawn behavior. C1 [Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Bartels, Meike; van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M.; Boomsma, Dorret I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Biol Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hudziak, James J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Psychiat, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Hoekstra, RA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Sect Dev Psychiat, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. 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Hossein TI Expression of phosphodiesterase 4 is altered in the brains of subjects with autism SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE autism; Brodmann's area9; Brodmann's area40; cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); cerebellum; phosphodiesterase 4A; phosphodiesterase 4B; schizophrenia ID REPEATED ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT; RAT-BRAIN; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CAMP; PDE4; ROLIPRAM; 4A; FLUOXETINE AB The cyclic adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) gene family is the target of several potential therapeutic inhibitors and the PDE4B gene has been associated with schizophrenia and depression. Little, however, is known of any connection between this gene family and autism, with limited effective treatment being available for autism. We measured the expression of PDE4A and PDE4B by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting in Brodmann's area 40 (BA40, parietal cortex), BA9 (superior frontal cortex), and cerebellum from subjects with autism and matched controls. We observed a lower expression of PDE4A5, PDE4B1, PDE4B3, PDE4B4, and PDE4B2 in the cerebella of subjects with autism when compared with matched controls. In BA9, we observed the opposite: a higher expression of PDE4AX, PDE4A1, and PDE4B2 in subjects with autism. No changes were observed in BA40. Our results demonstrate altered expressions of the PDE4A and PDE4B proteins in the brains of subjects with autism and might provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of this debilitating disorder. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN USA. 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Antshel, Kevin M. Fremont, Wanda P. Shprintzen, Robert J. Strunge, Leslie A. Burnette, Courtney P. Higgins, Anne Marie TI Comparing phenotypes in patients with idiopathic autism to patients with velocardiofacial syndrome (22q11 DS) with and without autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE velocardiofacial syndrome; 22q11.2 deletion; syndrome; autism; ASD ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DELETION SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROFILE; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB At least three research groups have reported that autism is diagnosed in up to 20% of children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). However the degree of phenotypic overlap between VCFS-affected children with autism and those with idiopathic autism has not been established. The purpose of this study was to define and differentiate the behavioral phenotype of autism in samples of children with either (VCFS) or idiopathic autism. Five groups of children ages 5-15 were included in the between-group design. Parent report of autism behaviors (based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADI-R) were compared between children with VCFS, children with VCFS and autism (VCFS + autism), siblings of the children with VCFS, a community control group, and a group of children with idiopathic autism. Autism diagnoses were based according to the ADI-R. Parental responses to the ADI-R indicated that relative to children with VCFS-only, children with idiopathic autism and children with VCFS + autism exhibited less make believe play and more rituals, motor stereotypies and repetitive use of objects. However several other core autism behaviors, including difficulties sharing attention, deficits in gestural communication and initiating conversation, and presence of circumscribed interests, appear to be phenotypic VCFS behaviors, characterizing children with VCFS regardless of an autism diagnosis. Accordingly, the autism phenotype in VCFS differs to some extent from that of idiopathic autism. Several features of idiopathic autism are spared in VCFS, and other features appear to be a function of the VCFS phenotype independent of autism. These findings carry implications for clinicians who diagnose and treat VCFS or autism, and for researchers who study genotype-phenotype associations in autism. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Program Neurosci, Syracuse, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. 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A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 22 BP 2642 EP 2650 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32012 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 228EA UT WOS:000250708900003 PM 17937445 ER PT J AU Della Monica, M Lonardo, F Faravelli, F Pierluigi, M Luquetti, DV De Gregori, M Zuffardi, O Scarano, G AF Della Monica, Matteo Lonardo, Fortunato Faravelli, Francesca Pierluigi, Mauro Luquetti, Daniela Varela De Gregori, Manuela Zuffardi, Orsetta Scarano, Gioacchirio TI A case of autism with an interstitial 1q deletion (1q23.3-24.2) and a de novo translocation of chromosomes 1q and 5q SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE autism; chromosome 1; fluorescent in situ hybridization; interstitial 1q deletion; unbalanced translocation; array-CGH ID LONG ARM; LINKAGE; PHENOTYPE; DISORDER AB Chromosomal abnormalities may cause autism by disrupting a gene or by providing a permissive genetic environment for mutations elsewhere in the genome to become expressed as autism. We report here on a patient with an apparently balanced de novo translocation of chromosomes 1q and 5q. He presented with minor dysmorphic features and renal malformations, mental retardation, and autism. Further characterization of the chromosomal rearrangement by FISH revealed a deletion in chromosome 1 from q23.3 to q24.2 corresponding to a region of rising interest in the research of autism susceptibility genes. The array-CGH technique gave better resolution of the breakpoints and the size of the deletion was calculated to be 4.97 Mb. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Gaetano Rummo Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Benevento, Italy. Galliera Hosp, Ctr Human Genet, Genoa, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. IRCSS Policlin San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. RP Scarano, G (reprint author), Azienda Osped Gaetano Rummo, Dept Med Genet, Via Angelo 1,Padigl S Pio da Pietrelcina,4 Pi, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. 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A PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 143A IS 22 BP 2733 EP 2737 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32006 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 228EA UT WOS:000250708900018 PM 17937430 ER PT J AU Falk, RE Casas, KA AF Falk, Rena E. Casas, Kari A. TI Chromosome 2q37 deletion: Clinical and molecular aspects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chromosome 2q37 deletion; subtelomeric; autism; AHO; Wilms tumor ID ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; IDIOPATHIC MENTAL-RETARDATION; TERMINAL DELETION; SUBTELOMERIC REARRANGEMENTS; WILMS-TUMOR; CRYPTIC TRANSLOCATION; CANDIDATE REGION; LONG ARM; DYSMORPHIC FEATURES; AUTISTIC DISORDER AB Terminal deletions of chromosome 2 with breakpoints at or within band 2q37, ranging from visible abnormalities to cryptic, subtelomeric deletions, have been recognized with increasing frequency among children with mildmoderate mental retardation, characteristic facial appearance, and behavioral manifestations which often place them on the autism spectrum. The stereotypic facial characteristics include prominent forehead, thin, highly arched eyebrows, depressed nasal bridge, full cheeks, deficient nasal alae and prominent columella, thin upper lip, and various minor anomalies of the pinnae. Abnormal nipples, including inverted nipples, have been reported in a number of cases. CNS, ocular, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, and other GU anomalies have been noted in nearly one-third of patients. Of note, coarctation or hypoplasia of the aorta has been described in several affected children. Wilms tumor, renal dysplasia, and tracheomalacia have been reported only with the most proximal breakpoint at band 2q37.1 while a range of GI anomalies, pyloric stenosis, and diaphragmatic defects have been reported with breakpoints throughout the region. A subset of patients with the most distal deletion present phenotypic features which mimic Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). In addition to the AHO-like phenotype, later onset findings include seizures and cystic kidneys. Timely diagnosis of this recognizable syndrome provides a basis for genetic counseling, appropriate surveillance, and intervention, and avoids unnecessary and expensive diagnostic testing. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Trinity Clin Med Genet, Tyler, TX USA. RP Falk, RE (reprint author), Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, 8700 Beverly Blvd,SSB 387, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. 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J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 145C IS 4 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30153 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235JP UT WOS:000251230300005 PM 17910077 ER PT J AU Cusmano-Ozog, K Manning, MA Hoyme, HE AF Cusmano-Ozog, Kristina Manning, Melanie A. Hoyme, H. Eugene TI 22q13.3 deletion syndrome: A recognizable malformation syndrome associated with marked speech and language delay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE deletion 22q13.3; terminal 22q deletion syndrome; chromosome anomaly; dysmorphology; autism; speech and language delay; developmental disabilities ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; RING CHROMOSOME-22; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PARTIAL MONOSOMY; 22Q; FISH; TRANSLOCATIONS; REARRANGEMENT; PHENOTYPE; SPECTRUM AB The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is a recognizable malformation syndrome associated with developmental delay, hypotonia, delayed or absent speech, autistic-like behavior, normal to accelerated growth and dysmorphic facies. The prevalence of this disorder is unknown, but it is likely under-diagnosed. Age at diagnosis has varied widely, from cases diagnosed prenatally to 46 years. Males and females are equally affected. The distal 22q deletion can be detected occasionally by routine or high resolution chromosome analysis; however, the majority of cases are detected by FISH analysis, associated with deletion of the ARSA (control) probe when performing a FISH analysis for the velocardiofacial syndrome (del 22q11.2). The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome can accompany a simple chromosome deletion, an unbalanced translocation, or a ring chromosome. Primary care physicians, in addition to numerous specialists, play an important role in caring for patients with this disorder. Although the dysmorphic features observed in this condition are nonspecific, it is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of children with developmental delay, hypotonia, marked speech and language disability, autistic-like features, multiple minor anomalies, and normal growth and head circumference. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Clin Cytogenet Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cusmano-Ozog, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, H-315, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kcusmano@stanford.edu CR Anderlid BM, 2002, HUM GENET, V110, P439, DOI 10.1007/s00439-002-0713-7 Babineau T, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P2819, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31500 Barakat AJ, 2004, CLIN DYSMORPHOL, V13, P191, DOI 10.1097/01.mcd.0000134479.65125.08 Battini R, 2004, AM J MED GENET A, V130A, P196, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30278 Bonaglia MC, 2006, J MED GENET, V43, P822, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2005.038604 Bonaglia MC, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V69, P261, DOI 10.1086/321293 Chen CP, 2003, PRENATAL DIAG, V23, P504, DOI 10.1002/pd.629 De Mas P, 2002, J Med Genet, V39, pe17, DOI 10.1136/jmg.39.4.e17 Delcan J, 2004, PRENATAL DIAG, V24, P635, DOI 10.1002/pd.955 Doheny KF, 1997, J MED GENET, V34, P640, DOI 10.1136/jmg.34.8.640 Eydoux P., 1996, American Journal of Human Genetics, V59, pA117 Feldman G. 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J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 145C IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30155 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235JP UT WOS:000251230300009 PM 17926345 ER PT J AU Roman, GC AF Roman, Gustavo C. TI Autism: Transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental antithyroid agents SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Environmental-Neurology-Club CY FEB 07, 2007 CL Metz, FRANCE SP French Soc Neurol, Univ Metz, Enviornm Neruol Res Grp, WFN, Environm Neurol Club DE autism; hypothyroxinemia; pregnancy; antithyroid agents; iodine; endemic cretinism; herbicides; neuronal migration; soy; mercury; polyphenols ID FETAL-BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; REELIN GENE ALLELES; THYROID-HORMONE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IODINE DEFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHLORALKALI WORKERS; MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; ENDEMIC CRETINISM AB The incidence and prevalence of autism have increased during the past two decades. Despite comprehensive genetic studies the cause of autism remains unknown. This review emphasizes the potential importance of environmental factors in its causation. Alterations of cortical neuronal migration and cerebellar Purkinje cells have been observed in autism. Neuronal migration, via reelin regulation, requires triiodothyronine (T3) produced by deiodination of thyroxine (T4) by fetal brain deiodinases. Experimental animal models have shown that transient intrauterine deficits of thyroid hormones (as brief as 3 days) result in permanent alterations of cerebral cortical architecture reminiscent of those observed in brains of patients with autism. 1 postulate that early maternal hypothyroxinetnia resulting in low T3 in the fetal brain during the period of neuronal cell migration (weeks 8-12 of pregnancy) may produce morphological brain changes leading to autism. Insufficient dietary iodine intake and a number of environmental antithyroid and goitrogenic agents can affect maternal thyroid function during pregnancy. The most common causes could include inhibition of deiodinases D2 or D3 from maternal ingestion of dietary flavonoids or from antithyroid environmental contaminants. Some plant isoflavonoids have profound effects on thyroid hormones and on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Genistein and daidzein from soy (Glycine max) inhibit thyroperoxidase that catalyzes iodination and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Other plants with hypothyroid effects include pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and fonio millet (Digitaria exilis); thiocyanate is found in Brassicae plants including cabbage, cauliflower, kale, rutabaga, and kohlrabi, as well as in tropical plants such as cassava, lima beans, linseed, bamboo shoots, and sweet potatoes. Tobacco smoke is also a source of thiocyanate. Environmental contaminants interfere with thyroid function including 60% of all herbicides, in particular 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), acetochlor, aminotriazole, atmitrole, bromoxynil, pendamethalin, mancozeb, and thioureas. Other antithyroid agents include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perchlorates, mercury, and coal derivatives such as resorcinol, phthalates, and anthracenes. A leading ecological study in Texas has correlated higher rates of autism in school districts affected by large environmental releases of mercury from industrial sources. Mercury is a well known antithyroid substance causing inhibition of deiodinases and thyroid peroxidase. The current surge of autism could be related to transient maternal hypothyroxinemia resulting from dietary and/or environmental exposure to antithyroid agents. Additional multidisciplinary epidemiological studies will be required to confirm this environmental hypothesis of autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. 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The current study investigated alterations in neural systems underlying sensorimotor disturbances in autism. An fMRI investigation was conducted using saccadic and. pursuit eye movement paradigms with 13 high functioning individuals with autism and 14 age- and IQ-matched typically developing individuals. Individuals with autism had reduced activation in cortical eye fields and cerebellar hemispheres during both eye movement tasks. When executing visually guided saccades, individuals with autism had greater activation bilaterally in a frontostriatal circuit including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, medial thalamus, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and right dentate nucleus. The increased activation in prefrontal-striatal-thalamocortical circuitry during visually guided saccades indicates that systems typically dedicated to cognitive control may need to compensate for disturbances in lower-level sensorimotor systems. Reduced activation throughout visual sensorimotor systems may contribute to saccadic and pursuit disturbances that have been reported in autism. These findings document that neurodevelopmental disturbances in autism affect widely distributed brain systems beyond those mediating language and social cognition. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Sweeney, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, 912 S Wood St,Suite 235, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM jsweeney@psych.uic.edu RI Luna, Beatriz/F-1201-2010 CR Allen G, 2004, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V56, P269, DOI 10.1016/j.biophsych.2004.06.005 Bailey A, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P889, DOI 10.1093/brain/121.5.889 Belmonte MK, 2003, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V17, P651, DOI 10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00189-7 Brown MRG, 2004, J NEUROPHYSIOL, V91, P873, DOI 10.1152/jn.00382.2003 Casanova MF, 2002, NEUROLOGY, V58, P428 Caviness V. 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Neuroimaging PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 156 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.pseychresns.2007.03.008 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 233RB UT WOS:000251106900003 PM 17913474 ER PT J AU Buxbaum, JD Cai, G Nygren, G Chaste, P Delorme, R Goldsmith, J Rastam, M Silverman, JM Hollander, E Gillberg, C Leboyer, M Betancur, C AF Buxbaum, Joseph D. Cai, Guiqing Nygren, Gudrun Chaste, Pauline Delorme, Richard Goldsmith, Juliet Rastam, Maria Silverman, Jeremy M. Hollander, Eric Gillberg, Christopher Leboyer, Marion Betancur, Catalina TI Mutation analysis of the NSD1 gene in patients with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SOTOS-SYNDROME; OVERGROWTH PHENOTYPES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PTEN MUTATION; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; DELETION; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS AB Background: Sotos syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, advanced bone age, characteristic facial features, and learning disabilities, caused by mutations or deletions of the NSD1 gene, located at 5q35. Sotos syndrome has been described in a number of patients with autism spectrum disorders, suggesting that NSD1 could be involved in other cases of autism and macrocephaly. Methods: We screened the NSD1 gene for mutations and deletions in 88 patients with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly (head circumference 2 standard deviations or more above the mean). 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[Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Cai, Guiqing; Goldsmith, Juliet] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Cai, Guiqing; Goldsmith, Juliet; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Hollander, Eric] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Cai, Guiqing; Goldsmith, Juliet; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Hollander, Eric] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Nygren, Gudrun; Rastam, Maria; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Chaste, Pauline; Delorme, Richard] Hop Robert Debre, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, AP HP, F-75019 Paris, France. [Chaste, Pauline; Delorme, Richard; Leboyer, Marion] Inst Mondor Rech Biomed Psychiat Genet, INSERM, U841, Creteil, France. [Gillberg, Christopher] Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. [Leboyer, Marion] Grp Hosp Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, AP HP, Dept Psychiat, Creteil, France. 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PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 68 DI 10.1186/1471-2350-8-68 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 273ZN UT WOS:000253971100001 PM 18001468 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI New guidance on autism SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9599 BP 1590 EP 1590 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 230NO UT WOS:000250883400003 ER PT J AU Cattaneo, L Fabbri-Destro, M Boria, S Pieraccini, C Monti, A Cossu, G Rizzolatti, G AF Cattaneo, Luigi Fabbri-Destro, Maddalena Boria, Sonia Pieraccini, Cinzia Monti, Annalisa Cossu, Giuseppe Rizzolatti, Giacomo TI Impairment of actions chains in autism and its possible role in intention understanding SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mirror neurons; motor chains; motor acts; goal understanding; motor intention ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL COGNITION; MOTOR FACILITATION; IMITATION; MOVEMENT; DYSFUNCTION; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; MODULATION AB Experiments in monkeys demonstrated that many parietal and premotor neurons coding a specific motor act (e.g., grasping) show a markedly different activation when this act is part of actions that have different goals (e.g., grasping for eating vs. grasping for placing). Many of these "action-constrained" neurons have mirror properties firing selectively to the observation of the initial motor act of the actions to which they belong motorically. By activating a specific action chain from its very outset, this mechanism allows the observers to have an internal copy of the whole action before its execution, thus enabling them to understand directly the agent's intention. Using electromyographic recordings, we show that a similar chained organization exists in typically developing children, whereas it is impaired in children with autism. We propose that, as a consequence of this functional impairment, high-functioning autistic children may understand the intentions of others cognitively but lack the mechanism for understanding them experientially. C1 Univ Parma, Dipartimento Neurosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Terapie Avanzate, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Azienda Unita Sanitaria Locale Empoli, Neuropsichiatria Infantile, I-50053 Empoli, Italy. RP Rizzolatti, G (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Neurosci, Via Volturno 39, I-43100 Parma, Italy. 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TI Genome-wide analyses of human perisylvian cerebral cortical patterning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cortex; microarray; gene expression; evolution; CASPR2 ID HUMAN-BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MYELINATED AXONS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; K+ CHANNELS; GREAT APES; ORGANIZATION; LANGUAGE; MICE AB Despite the well established role of the frontal and posterior perisylvian cortices in many facets of human-cognitive specializations, including language, little is known about the developmental patterning of these regions in the human brain. We performed a genome-wide analysis of human cerebral patterning during midgestation, a critical epoch in cortical regionalization. A total of 345 genes were identified as differentially expressed between superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the remaining cerebral cortex. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 164 IS 11 BP 1655 EP 1661 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020315 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 229NP UT WOS:000250811200009 PM 17974928 ER PT J AU Pinborough-Zimmerman, J Satterfield, R Miller, J Bilder, D Hossain, S McMahon, W AF Pinborough-Zimmerman, Judith Satterfield, Robert Miller, Judith Bilder, Deborah Hossain, Shaheen McMahon, William TI Communication disorders: Prevalence and comorbid intellectual disability, autism, and emotional/behavioral disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communication disorders; speech; disorders; language impairment; mental health; conditions; autism spectrum disorders ID LANGUAGE DISORDERS; ADMINISTRATIVE PREVALENCE; KINDERGARTEN-CHILDREN; SPEECH; DELAY; IMPAIRMENT; AGE AB Purpose: To determine a population-based estimate of communication disorders (CDs) in children; the co-occurrence of intellectual disability (ID), autism, and emotional/behavioral disorders; and the impact of these conditions on the prevalence of CDs. Method: Surveillance targeted 8-year-olds born in 1994 residing in 2002 in the 3 most populous counties in Utah (n = 26,315). A multiple-source record review was conducted at all major health and educational facilities. Results: A total of 1,667 children met the criteria of CD. The prevalence of CD was estimated to be 63.4 per 1,000 8-year-olds (95% confidence interval = 60.4-66.2). The ratio of boys to girls was 1.8:1. Four percent of the CD cases were identified with an ID and 3.7% with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adjusting the CD prevalence to exclude ASD and/or ID cases significantly affected the CD prevalence rate. Other frequently co-occurring emotional /behavioral disorders with CD were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and conduct disorder. Conclusions: Findings affirm that CDs and co-occurring mental health conditions are a major educational and public health concern. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. 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Hepburn, Susan TI Pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting for Autism Research CY JUN 01-03, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA DE pragmatics; assessment; autism; spectrum disorders; Williams syndrome ID COMMUNICATION-CHECKLIST DIFFERENTIATE; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; DOWNS-SYNDROME; IMPAIRMENT; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; TODDLERS; BEHAVIOR; SPEAKERS; MIND AB Purpose: To describe and compare the pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASID) and Williams syndrome (WS) on a standardized measure to determine whether a standard pragmatics tool can differentiate between 2 groups of children with opposing social presentations and pragmatic language difficulties. Method: Twenty-two parents of school-age children with ASD, 21 parents of school-age children with WS, and 19 parents of school-age typically developing children rated their child on the Children's Communication Checklist-Second Edition (CCC-2; D. Bishop, 2003), a standardized pragmatic language assessment tool. Results: Both clinical groups demonstrated impairment in overall communication and pragmatic language functioning, but children with WS performed significantly befteron overall pragmatic language functioning, and the magnitude of the effect was medium. Profile examination revealed equivalent performances between ASD and WS on most CCC-2 subscales; however, significantly better performances on the Coherence, Stereotyped Language, Nonverbal Communication, and Social Relations subscales were observed in WS. 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TI Transition and change in adolescents and young adults with autism: Longitudinal effects on maternal well-being SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; MENTAL-HEALTH; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DOWN-SYNDROME; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; MEDIATING ROLE AB We investigated how change in the characteristics of 140 adolescents and young adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would predict subsequent change in maternal well-being and in the quality of the mother-child relationship. Overall patterns of improvement in maternal well-being and mother-child relationship quality were observed during the study. When the son or daughter had declining behavior problems, were prescribed more psychotropic medications, and exited from high school during the study period, mothers' well-being and perception of relationship quality improved to a greater extent. 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Kovshoff, Hanna Espinosa, Francesca degli Jahr, Erik Brown, Tony Alsford, Paula Lemaic, Monika Ward, Nicholas TI Early intensive behavioral intervention: Outcomes for children with autism and their parents after two years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-HEALTH; STRESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; DISABILITIES AB An intervention group (n = 23) of preschool children with autism was identified on the basis of parent preference for early intensive behavioral intervention and a comparison group (n = 21) identified as receiving treatment as usual. Prospective assessment was undertaken before treatment, after 1 year of treatment, and again after 2 years. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 112 IS 6 BP 418 EP 438 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[418:EIBIOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 237ND UT WOS:000251380400003 PM 17963434 ER PT J AU Estes, AM Dawson, G Sterling, L Munson, J AF Estes, Annette Mercer Dawson, Geraldine Sterling, Lindsey Munson, Jeffrey TI Level of intellectual functioning predicts patterns of associated symptoms in school-age children with autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; YOUNG-PEOPLE; FOLLOW-UP; ADOLESCENTS; DISABILITIES; DEPRESSION AB The relation between level of intellectual functioning and risk for associated symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was investigated. Cognitive ability and associated symptoms were assessed directly and/or via parent report in 74 children with ASD at 6 and 9 years of age. Participants were classified as lower and higher functioning using Nonverbal and Verbal IQ-and Communication scores on the Vineland at age 6. Children with higher functioning at age 6 displayed increased internalizing symptoms by age 9, whereas children with lower functioning displayed higher hyperactivity, attention problems, and irritability by age 9. Results suggest that level of intellectual functioning may be a risk factor for different patterns of associated symptoms by later childhood. C1 Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Estes, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 112 IS 6 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[439:LOIFPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 237ND UT WOS:000251380400004 PM 17963435 ER PT J AU Bishop, SL Richler, J Cain, AC Lord, C AF Bishop, Somer L. Richler, Jennifer Cain, Albert C. Lord, Catherine TI Predictors of perceived negative impact in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PARENTING STRESS; DOWN-SYNDROME; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; FAMILY ADJUSTMENT; CAREGIVER STRESS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MENTAL-HEALTH AB Mothers of 110 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were interviewed with the Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment when their children were approximately 9 years old. Regression analyses revealed that African American mothers reported lower levels of perceived negative impact of having a child with ASD than did Caucasian mothers. Higher repetitive behavior scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, lower adaptive behavior scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and less perceived social support were also significant predictors of higher perceived negative impact. Identifying predictors of perceived negative impact is an important first step in designing interventions to support families and target parents who may be at risk for experiencing higher levels of stress. C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bishop, SL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, 1111 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 112 IS 6 BP 450 EP 461 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[450:POPNII]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 237ND UT WOS:000251380400005 PM 17963436 ER PT J AU Powell, CM Blundell, J Tabuchi, K Bolliger, M Brose, N Sudhof, T AF Powell, Craig M. Blundell, Jacqueline Tabuchi, Kitsuhiko Bolliger, Marc Brose, Nils Sudhof, Thomas TI Neuroligin deletion results in autism & mental retardation-related behavioral abnormalities: Selective effects of different neuroligin isoforms SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 132nd Annual Meeting of the American-Neurological-Association CY OCT 07-10, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Neurol Assoc C1 UT SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 62 IS 5 MA 9 BP 546 EP 546 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 237NY UT WOS:000251383300054 ER PT J AU Paul, C Williams, KE Riegel, K Gibbonsb, B AF Paul, Candace Williams, Keith E. Riegel, Katherine Gibbonsb, Bridget TI Combining repeated taste exposure and escape prevention: An intervention for the treatment of extreme food selectivity SO APPETITE LA English DT Article DE taste exposure; food selectivity; autism ID CHILDRENS; ACCEPTANCE AB Repeated taste exposure has been used to introduce novel foods in several settings, but none of these efforts have targeted clinical populations. This study describes an intervention that combines repeated taste exposure and escape prevention in the treatment of extreme food selectivity in two children with autism. Future applications of repeated taste exposure are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Williams, KE (reprint author), Penn State Hershey Med Ctr, 905 W Governor Rd, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM feedingprogram@hmc.psu.edu CR Ahearn WH, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P505, DOI 10.1023/A:1012221026124 BIRCH LL, 1982, APPETITE, V3, P353 BIRCH LL, 1987, APPETITE, V9, P171, DOI 10.1016/S0195-6663(87)80011-9 Farrell DA, 2001, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V13, P407, DOI 10.1023/A:1012241630667 Kerwin ME, 1999, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V24, P193, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/24.3.193 Loewen R, 1999, APPETITE, V32, P351, DOI 10.1006/appe.1998.0216 Shreck K. 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RP Reichenberg, A (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM avi.reichenberg@mssm.edu CR Borg E, 1997, SCAND AUDIOL, V26, P77, DOI 10.3109/01050399709074979 Kolevzon A, 2007, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V161, P326, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.326 Levy T, 2006, J PERINAT MED, V34, P293, DOI 10.1515/JPM.2006.056 Rabe H, 2004, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, DOI DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003248.PUB2 Roper L, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P245, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007003002 Rosenhall U, 2003, EAR HEARING, V24, P206, DOI 10.1097/01.AUD.0000069326.11466.7E Rosenhall U, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P349, DOI 10.1023/A:1023022709710 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 161 IS 11 BP 1106 EP 1107 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1106-b PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 228BH UT WOS:000250701400015 ER PT J AU McMahon, C Stone, WL Yoder, PJ AF McMahon, Caitlin Stone, Wendy L. Yoder, Paul J. TI Parental availability in families affected by autism - In reply SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Stone, WL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Peabody Box 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 161 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1108 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1107-b PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 228BH UT WOS:000250701400017 ER PT J AU Reed, RV AF Reed, Ruth V. TI Parental availability in families affected by autism SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 St Anns Hosp, Barnet Enfield & Haringey Mental Hlth NHS Trust, London N15 3TH, England. RP Reed, RV (reprint author), St Anns Hosp, Barnet Enfield & Haringey Mental Hlth NHS Trust, St Anns Rd, London N15 3TH, England. EM ruthvreed@gmail.com CR Smith LM, 2007, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V161, P324, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.324 Stone WL, 2007, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V161, P384, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.384 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 161 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1107 DI 10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1107-a PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 228BH UT WOS:000250701400016 PM 17984417 ER PT J AU Latif, AHA Williams, WR AF Latif, A. H. A. WILLIAMS, W. R. TI Diagnostic trends in autistic spectrum disorders in the South Wales valleys SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autistic spectrum disorder; prevalence ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RUBELLA VACCINE; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; MEASLES; MUMPS AB This study provides an analysis of the diagnostic trends in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) for children aged under 17 years in the Rhondda and Taff Ely districts of South Wales. In the period 1988-2004, 336 children received a diagnosis of ASD and represent the case registry data of one community paediatric team. For the period 1994-2003, the caseload of 267 comprised Asperger (58%), Kanner (20%) and 'other forms' of autism (22%). In comparison to the previous 5 year period, diagnosis of ASD in 1999-2003 increased for Asperger (2.9 fold) and 'other forms' (4.4) but decreased for Kanner autism (0.69). Male: female gender ratios and age at diagnosis fell for all subcategories of ASD. Prevalences per 10,000 children born in Rhondda Taff Ely are ASD 61.2, Asperger 35.4, Kanner autism 12.7, and 'other forms' 13.0. Detected prevalences and trends for ASD are in line with national standards and do not show an increase for Kanner autism. C1 [Latif, A. H. A.] Royal Glamorgan Hosp, Childrens Ctr, Llantrisant CF72 8XR, Wales. [WILLIAMS, W. R.] Univ Glamorgan, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, M Glam, Wales. RP Latif, AHA (reprint author), Royal Glamorgan Hosp, Childrens Ctr, Llantrisant CF72 8XR, Wales. 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However, the processes by which stress leads to depression and anxiety are poorly understood. In a cross-sectional survey, levels of parental stress, depression and anxiety were compared between parents of children with an autistic disorder, children with Down's syndrome and children with no disorder (N = 619) and the mediational role of locus of control was examined. Anxiety and depression were higher in parents of children with a disorder, and highest in parents of children with autism. Locus of control was more external in parents of children with autism. Locus of control failed to mediate the relationship between stress and both anxiety and depression in parents of children with a disorder. This suggests that help for parents of a child with a disorder may be effective if focused on the sources of stress rather than perceived control over events. C1 [Hamlyn-Wright, Sarah; Draghi-Lorenz, Riccardo; Ellis, Jason] Univ Surrey, Sch Human Sci, Dept Psychol, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. 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Jay, 1994, STRESS MENTAL HLTH C, P179 ZIGMUND A, 1983, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V63, P361 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 489 EP 501 DI 10.1177/1362361307083258 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 239NM UT WOS:000251525000003 PM 17947286 ER PT J AU Begeer, S Terwogt, MM Rieffe, C Stegge, H Koot, HM AF Begeer, Sander Terwogt, Mark Meerum Rieffe, Carolien Stegge, Hedy Koot, Hans M. TI Do children with autism acknowledge the influence of mood on behaviour? SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; emotion; pragmatics; understanding ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EMOTION; MIND; DISORDER; SPECTRUM; RECOGNITION; ADOLESCENTS; CHALLENGES; ATTENTION AB We tested whether children with and without high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD) differ in their understanding of the influence of mood states on behaviour. A total of 122 children with HFASD or typical development were asked to predict and explain the behaviour of story characters during hypothetical social interactions. HFASD and typically developing children predicted at equal rates that mood states likely result in similar valenced behaviour. 'Explicit' descriptions were used to explain predictions more often by children with HFASD than by typically developing children. However, 'implicit' and 'irrelevant' descriptions elicited fewer mood references among HFASD children. Furthermore, they less often referred to the uncertainty of the influence of mood on behaviour, and less often used mood-related explanations, in particular when they had to rely on implicit information. This may indicate a rote- rather than self-generated understanding of emotions in children with HFASD. C1 [Begeer, Sander; Terwogt, Mark Meerum; Stegge, Hedy; Koot, Hans M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Fac Psychol & Educ, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Rieffe, Carolien] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Begeer, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, Fac Psychol & Educ, Van der Boechorststr 1, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND HOWLIN P, 2005, J NEURAL TRANSM, V69, P101 JAEDICKE S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P273, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400004582 Kaland N, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P517, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00042 KASARI C, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P87, DOI 10.1007/BF02206859 Klin A, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P345, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1202 Klin A, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P831, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099006101 Lord C, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P695, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0017-6 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Losh M, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P239, DOI 10.1023/A:1024446215446 Loveland KA, 1997, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V9, P579 Peterson CC, 2005, CHILD DEV, V76, P502, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00859.x Pons F, 2005, COGNITION EMOTION, V19, P1158, DOI 10.1080/02699930500282108 Rieffe C, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P455, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0171-5 Rieffe C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P195, DOI 10.1023/A:1005540417877 SERRA M, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P475, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01304.x STEGGE H, 1994, J GEN PSYCHOL, V121, P333 Terwogt MM, 2002, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V20, P131, DOI 10.1348/026151002166361 Wechsler D, 1985, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 503 EP 521 DI 10.1177/1362361307083262 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 239NM UT WOS:000251525000004 PM 17947287 ER PT J AU Gras-Vincendon, A Mottron, L Salame, P Bursztejn, C Danion, JM AF Gras-Vincendon, Agnes Mottron, Laurent Salame, Pierre Bursztejn, Claude Danion, Jean-Marie TI Temporal context memory in high-functioning autism SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism; episodic memory; temporal context memory ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AMNESIC SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEFICITS; RECALL; COMMUNICATION; RECOGNITION; SIMILARITY; DISORDERS AB Episodic memory, i.e. memory for specific episodes situated in space and time, seems impaired in individuals with autism. According to weak central coherence theory, individuals with autism have general difficulty connecting contextual and item information which then impairs their capacity to memorize information in context. This study investigated temporal context memory for visual information in individuals with autism. Eighteen adolescents and adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger syndrome (AS) and age- and IQ-matched typically developing participants were tested using a recency judgement task. The performance of the autistic group did not differ from that of the control group, nor did the performance between the AS and HFA groups. We conclude that autism in high-functioning individuals does not impair temporal context memory as assessed on this task. We suggest that individuals with autism are as efficient on this task as typically developing subjects because contextual memory performance here involves more automatic than organizational processing. C1 [Gras-Vincendon, Agnes; Bursztejn, Claude] Hop Univ Strasbourg, Serv Psychotherap Enfants & Adolescents, F-67091 Strasbourg, France. [Mottron, Laurent] Hop Riviere Prairies, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Salame, Pierre; Danion, Jean-Marie] Hop Univ Strasbourg, Dept Psychiat, F-67091 Strasbourg, France. RP Gras-Vincendon, A (reprint author), Hop Univ Strasbourg, Serv Psychotherap Enfants & Adolescents, 1 Pl Hop, F-67091 Strasbourg, France. EM agnes.gras@chru-strasbourg.fr CR Abdi Z, 2004, CNS SPECTRUMS, V9, P335 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bennetto L, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1816, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01830.x Bolte S, 2003, PSYCHOL MED, V33, P907, DOI 10.1017/S0033291703007438 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 BOUCHER J, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x BOUCHER J, 1981, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V72, P211 Bowen H.J.M., 1988, NUCL ANAL TECHNIQUES, V8, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0167-9244(08)70218-X Bowler DM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P533, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2548-7 Bowler DM, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P65, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00054-1 Bowler DM, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P295, DOI 10.1023/A:1005575216176 Danion JM, 1999, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V56, P639, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.639 Farrant A, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P43, DOI 10.1023/A:1026010919219 Goldstein G, 2002, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V17, P461, DOI 10.1016/S0887-6177(01)00129-9 Happe F, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P216, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01318-2 IAROCCI G, IN PRESS J CHILD PSY JOHNSON MK, 1993, PSYCHOL BULL, V114, P3, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.114.1.3 Lopez B, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P285, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00121 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 MENAGER E, 2005, NERVURE, V17, P1 Millward C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P15, DOI 10.1023/A:1005455926727 Minshew NJ, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P1095, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00808 O'Shea AG, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P337, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_3 Renner P, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P3, DOI 10.1023/A:1005487009889 Rizzo L, 1996, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V168, P427, DOI 10.1192/bjp.168.4.427 SCHACTER DL, 1987, PSYCHOBIOLOGY, V15, P21 SHOQEIRAT MA, 1991, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V29, P749, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90070-O SNODGRASS JG, 1980, J EXP PSYCHOL-HUM L, V6, P174, DOI 10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.174 SOULIERES I, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Williams DL, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V20, P21, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.21 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1177/1362361307083257 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 239NM UT WOS:000251525000005 PM 17947288 ER PT J AU Gulsrud, AC Kasari, C Freeman, S Paparella, T AF Gulsrud, Amanda C. Kasari, Connie Freeman, Stephanny Paparella, Tanya TI Children with autism's response to novel stimuli while participating in interventions targeting joint attention or symbolic play skills SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; generalization; intervention; joint attention ID BEHAVIOR AB Thirty-five children diagnosed with autism were randomly assigned to either a joint attention or a symbolic play intervention. During the 5-8 week treatment, three novel probes were administered to determine mastery of joint attention skills. The probes consisted of auditory and visual stimuli, such as a loud spider crawling or a musical ball bouncing. The current study examined affect, gaze, joint attention behaviors, and verbalizations at three different time points of intervention. Results revealed that children randomized to the joint attention group were more likely to acknowledge the probe and engage in shared interactions between intervener and probe upon termination of intervention. Additionally, the joint attention group improved in the proportion of time spent sharing coordinated joint looks between intervener and probe. These results suggest that generalization of joint attention skills to a novel probe did occur for the group targeting joint attention and provides further evidence of the effectiveness of the joint attention intervention. C1 [Gulsrud, Amanda C.; Kasari, Connie; Freeman, Stephanny; Paparella, Tanya] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Grad Sch Educ & Informat Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kasari, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Grad Sch Educ & Informat Studies, 3132 Moore Hall,Box 951521, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kasari@gseis.ucla.edu CR BAKEMAN R, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P1278, DOI 10.2307/1129997 Dawson G, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P271, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 Frith U., 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Kasari C, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01567.x LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 LOVELAND KA, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P335, DOI 10.1007/BF01531663 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x Plaisted KC, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P149 Seibert J. M., 1982, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V3, P244, DOI DOI 10.1002/1097-0355(198224)3:4<244::AID-IMHJ2280030406>3.0.CO;2-R Vygotsky L. S., 1962, THOUGHT LANGUAGE Whalen C, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P456, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00135 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1177/1362361307083255 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 239NM UT WOS:000251525000006 PM 17947289 ER PT J AU Chiang, HM Lin, YH AF Chiang, Hsu-Min Lin, Yueh-Hsien TI Mathematical ability of students with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism - A review of literature SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; mathematics; review ID ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; INFANTILE-AUTISM; WISC-III; CHILDREN; PROFILES; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; IQ; IDENTIFICATION; INTELLIGENCE AB This article reviews studies investigating cognitive ability and academic achievement of students with Asperger syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA). Particular emphasis is placed on the mathematical ability of people with AS/HFA. A preliminary analysis of empirical data is presented. Findings indicate that: (1) the majority of individuals with AS/HFA have average mathematical ability; (2) the majority of individuals with AS/ HFA have a significant but clinically modest math weakness; (3) some individuals with AS/HFA have mathematical giftedness. C1 [Chiang, Hsu-Min] Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Educ Studies, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Chiang, HM (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Educ Studies, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. 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Switala, Andrew E. Trippe, Juan Fitzgerald, Michael TI Comparative minicolumnar morphometry of three distinguished scientists SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE creativity; minicolumns; neocortex; neuropathology ID SAVANT-SYNDROME; NEURONAL DENSITY; IDIOT SAVANT; AUTISM; PATHOLOGY; EINSTEIN,ALBERT; LATERALIZATION; ORGANIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; BRAINS AB It has been suggested that the cell minicolumn is the smallest module capable of information processing within the brain. In this case series, photomicrographs of six regions of interests (Brodmann areas 4, 9, 17, 21, 22, and 40) were analyzed by computerized image analysis for minicolumnar morphometry in the brains of three distinguished scientists and six normative controls. Overall, there were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the comparison groups in both minicolumnar width (CW) and mean cell spacing (MCS). Although our scientists did not exhibit deficits in communication or interpersonal skills, the resultant minicolumnar phenotype bears similarity to that described for both autism and Asperger's syndrome. Computer modeling has shown that smaller columns account for discrimination among signals during information processing. A minicolumnar phenotype that provides for discrimination and/or focused attention may help explain the savant abilities observed in some autistic people and the intellectually gifted. C1 [Casanova, Manuel F.; Switala, Andrew E.; Trippe, Juan] Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Fitzgerald, Michael] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Casanova, MF (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 500 S Preston St,A Bldg,Rm 217, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. 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G., 1997, MINDS EYE Wheelwright S, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P223, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005002010 Witelson SF, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2149, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10327-6 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD NOV PY 2007 VL 11 IS 6 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1177/1362361307083261 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 239NM UT WOS:000251525000008 PM 17947291 ER PT J AU Ronald, A Simonoff, E Kuntsi, J Asherson, P Plomin, R AF Ronald, Angelica Simonoff, Emily Kuntsi, Jonna Asherson, Philip Plomin, Robert TI Autism and ADHD: Evidence for substantial phenotypic and genetic overlap SO BEHAVIOR GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Behavior-Genetics-Association CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Behav Genet Assoc C1 [Ronald, Angelica; Kuntsi, Jonna; Asherson, Philip; Plomin, Robert] Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London, England. [Simonoff, Emily] Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London, England. EM a.ronald@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Kuntsi, Jonna/G-9750-2011; Simonoff, Emily/B-7593-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-8244 J9 BEHAV GENET JI Behav. Genet. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 6 BP 789 EP 790 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Psychology GA 231VK UT WOS:000250977100135 ER PT J AU Singh, NN Lancioni, GE Winton, ASW Singh, J Curtis, WJ Wahler, RG McAleavey, KM AF Singh, Nirbhay N. Lancioni, Giulio E. Winton, Alan S. W. Singh, Judy Curtis, W. John Wahler, Robert G. McAleavey, Kristen M. TI Mindful parenting decreases aggression and increases social behavior in children with developmental disabilities SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE mindful parenting; childhood aggression; social interaction; parental stress; satisfaction with parenting ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; FAMILIES; STRESS; INTERVENTION; MEDITATION; DISORDERS; DELAYS; BOYS AB Research shows that after training in the philosophy and practice of mindfulness, parents can mindfully attend to the challenging behaviors of their children with autism. Parents also report an increased satisfaction with their parenting skills and social interactions with their children. These findings were replicated and extended with 4 parents of children who had developmental disabilities, exhibited aggressive behavior, and had limited social skills. After mindfulness training, the parents were able to decrease aggressive behavior and increase their children's social skills. They also reported a greater practice of mindfulness, increased satisfaction with their parenting, more social interactions with their children, and lower parenting stress. Furthermore, the children showed increased positive and decreased negative social interactions with their siblings. We speculate that mindfulness produces transformational change in the parents that is reflected in enhanced positive behavioral transactions with their children. C1 ONE Res Inst, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA. Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, I-70121 Bari, Italy. Massey Univ, Dept Psychol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Rochester, Mt Hope Family Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Psychol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Longwood Univ, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. RP Singh, NN (reprint author), ONE Res Inst, 7401 Sparkleberry Lane, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 BP 749 EP 771 DI 10.1177/0145445507300924 PG 23 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 223NZ UT WOS:000250379100003 PM 17932234 ER PT J AU Wood, AL Luiselli, JK Harchik, AE AF Wood, Amanda L. Luiselli, James K. Harchik, Alan E. TI Training instructional skills with paraprofessional service providers at a community-based habilitation setting SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE staff training; performance feedback; habilitation services ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY; STAFF; IMPLEMENTATION; CARE; DISABILITIES; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; FEEDBACK; PROGRAM AB The present study evaluates a training program with paraprofessional service providers at a community-based habilitation setting. Four staff were taught to implement alternative and augmentative communication instruction with an adult who had autism and mental retardation through a combination of instruction, demonstration, behavior rehearsal, and performance feedback. Training was conducted under natural conditions at the adult's group home residence. Three of the four staff were able to maintain near-100% instructional accuracy following initial training. The results add to the limited research literature concerning community-based training of direct-care personnel. C1 May Inst, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. RP Luiselli, JK (reprint author), May Inst, 41 Pacella Pk Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. EM jluiselli@mayinstitute.org CR ALAVOSIUS MP, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P261, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-261 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 BRADDOCK D, 1995, STATES STATES DEV DI BURGIO LD, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P37, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-37 Garrity M. L., 2005, INT J BEHAV CONSULTA, V1, P287 Harchik AE, 1998, J ORGAN BEHAV MANAGE, V18, P83, DOI 10.1300/J075v18n02_05 IVANCIC MT, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-95 Iwata BA, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P181, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-181 LANCIONI GE, IN PRESS RES DEV DIS Lavie T, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P209, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-209 Leblanc M., 2005, EDUC TREAT CHILD, V28, P76 Luiselli JK, 2005, BEHAV MODIF, V29, P470, DOI 10.1177/0145445504273279 Moore JW, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P73, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-73 NEEF NA, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-297 PAGE TJ, 1982, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V15, P335, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-335 PARSONS MB, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P317, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-317 Reid D. H., 1995, MOTIVATING HUMAN SER Reid D. H., 2004, BEHAV MODIFICATION P, P73 Ricciardi JN, 2005, BEHAV MODIF, V29, P488, DOI 10.1177/0145445504273281 Sarokoff RA, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P535, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535 SHORE BA, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P323, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-323 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 31 IS 6 BP 847 EP 855 DI 10.1177/0145445507302893 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 223NZ UT WOS:000250379100008 PM 17932239 ER PT J AU Smaby, K MacDonald, RPF Ahearn, WH Dube, WV AF Smaby, Krista MacDonald, Rebecca P. F. Ahearn, William H. Dube, William V. TI Assessment protocol for identifying preferred social consequences SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; PREFERENCE; AUTISM AB Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit deficits in social behavior. Because social consequences may be ineffective or evoke undesirable behavior, teaching interventions for this population may rely heavily on edible or activity reinforcers. This report describes a method, appropriate for young children with ASD, for rapidly identifying social reinforcers and assessing relative preferences among social consequences. The free-operant behavior of three such children was analyzed in three Social Consequence conditions that alternated with an Extinction condition. The results identified some social consequences that functioned as reinforcers and others to which the child was relatively indifferent. The implications of this study may be particularly pertinent for teaching behavior, like joint attention skills, that is maintained by social reinforcers in the natural environment. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smaby, Krista; MacDonald, Rebecca P. F.; Ahearn, William H.] Northeastern Univ, New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Dube, William V.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, EK Shriver Ctr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Ahearn, WH (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM baheam@necc.org CR DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Dube WV, 2004, BEHAV ANALYST, V27, P197 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 PACE GM, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P249, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-249 Roscoe EM, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P479, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-479 SKINEER BF, 1953, SCI HUMAN BEHAV NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. 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TI Stimuli and consequences of dendritic release of oxytocin within the brain SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Focus Topic at Life Sciences 2007 Conference CY JUL 09-12, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE microdialysis; oxytocin; social stressor; suckling; supraoptic nucleus; vasopressin ID HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; PUSH-PULL PERFUSION; VASOPRESSIN RELEASE; SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS; PERIPHERAL RELEASE; OSMOTIC STIMULATION; LACTATING RATS; FEMALE RATS; HYPOTHALAMONEUROHYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM AB The brain oxytocin system has served as a distinguished model system in neuroendocrinology to study detailed mechanisms of intracerebral release, in particular of somatodendritic release, and its behavioural and neuroendocrine consequences. it has been shown that oxytocin is released within various brain regions, but evidence for dendritic release is limited to the main sites of oxytocin synthesis, i.e. the hypothalamic SON (supraoptic nucleus) and PVN (paraventricular nucleus). in the present paper, stimuli of dendritic release of oxytocin and the related neuropeptide vasopressin are discussed, including parturition and suckling, i.e. the period of a highly activated brain oxytocin system. Also, exposure to various pharmacological, psychological or physical stressors triggers dendritic oxytocin release, as monitored by intracerebral microdialysis within the SON and PVN during ongoing behavioural testing. So far, dendritic release of the neuropeptide has only been demonstrated within the hypothalamus, but intracerebral oxytocin release has also been found within the central amygdala and the septum in response to various stimuli including stressor exposure. Such a locally released oxytocin modulates physiological and behavioural reproductive functions, emotionality and hormonal stress responses, as it exerts, for example, pro-social, anxiolytic and antistress actions within restricted brain regions. These discoveries make oxytocin a promising neuromodulator of the brain for psychotherapeutic intervention and treatment of numerous psychiatric illnesses, for example, anxiety-related diseases, social phobia, autism and postpartum depression. C1 Univ Regensburg, Dept Behav Neuroendocrinol, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. RP Neumann, ID (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Dept Behav Neuroendocrinol, Univ St, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. 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Soc. Trans. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 35 BP 1252 EP 1257 DI 10.1042/BST0351252 PN 5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 236CE UT WOS:000251279800096 PM 17956324 ER PT J AU Geschwind, D AF Geschwind, Daniel TI Autism: Searching for coherence SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BRAIN C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Neurogenet Program, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Geffen Sch Med, Semel Inst,Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Ctr Austim Res & Treatment, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Geschwind, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Neurogenet Program, Dept Neurol, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 949 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.001 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300001 PM 17950066 ER PT J AU McCleery, JP Allman, E Carver, LJ Dobkins, KR AF McCleery, Joseph P. Allman, Elizabeth Carver, Leslie J. Dobkins, Karen R. TI Abnormal magnocellular in infants at risk for autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; face processing; infancy; magnocellular; parvocellular; visual system ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY FUNCTIONS; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BROADER PHENOTYPE; MEDIAL PULVINAR; MACAQUE MONKEY; VISUAL PATHWAY; RHESUS-MONKEY AB Background: A wealth of data has documented impairments in face processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recently,the suggestion has been made that these impairments may arise from abnormal development of a subcortical system involved in face processing that originates in the magnocellular pathway of the primate visual system. Methods: To test this developmental hypothesis, we obtained visual perceptual data from 6-month-old infants who were at risk for ASD because they had an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder ("high-risk infants"). To measure sensitivity of the magnocellular (M) pathway and, for comparison, of the parvocellular (P) visual pathway, we employed visual stimuli designed to selectively stimulate the two. Sensitivity data from high-risk infants (n = 13) were compared with data from matched control infants (i.e., "low-risk" infants with no family history of ASD, n = 26). Results: On the P pathway stimulus, high-risk infants exhibited sensitivities that were identical to those of control infants. 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We examined olfactory and taste functioning in individuals with autism to characterize chemosensory processing and test competing hypotheses about underlying brainstem versus cortical abnormalities. Methods: Twenty-one participants (10-18 years) with autism were compared with 27 well-matched control participants with typical development. Taste identification was tested via sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine solutions applied to standard locations on the anterior tongue. Taste detection thresholds were established in the same regions with electrogustometry, and olfactory identification was evaluated with "Sniffin' Sticks." Results: Participants with autism were significantly less accurate than control participants in identifying sour tastes and marginally less accurate for bitter tastes, but they were not different in identifying sweet and salty stimuli. Taste detection thresholds via electrogustometry were equivalent. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1015 EP 1021 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.019 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300011 PM 17572391 ER PT J AU Orekhova, EV Stroganova, TA Nygren, G Tsetlin, MM Posikera, IN Gillberg, C Elam, M AF Orekhova, Elena V. Stroganova, Tatiana A. Nygren, Gudrun Tsetlin, Marina M. Posikera, Irina N. Gillberg, Christopher Elam, Mikael TI Excess of high frequency electroencephalogram oscillations in boys with autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; beta; children; EEG; gamma; high frequency; oscillations ID GAMMA-OSCILLATIONS; HUMAN EEG; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN ACTIVITY; VISUAL-CORTEX; KAINIC ACID; SHORT-TERM; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; PATTERNS AB Background: An elevated excitation/inhibition ratio has been suggested as one mechanism underpinning autism. An imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition may manifest itself in electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in the high frequency range. The aim of this study was to investigate whether beta and gamma range EEG abnormalities are characteristic for young boys with autism (BWA). Methods: EEG was recorded during sustained visual attention in two independent samples of BWA from Moscow and Gothenburg, aged 3 to 8 years, and in age matched typically developing boys (TDB). High frequency EEG spectral power was analyzed. Results: In both samples, BWA demonstrated a pathological increase of gamma (24.4-44.0 Hz) activity at the electrode locations distant from the sources of myogenic artefacts. In both samples, the amount of gamma activity correlated positively with degree of developmental delay in BWA. Conclusions: The excess of high frequency oscillations may reflect imbalance in the excitation-inhibition homeostasis in the cortex. Given the important role of high frequency EEG rhythms for perceptual and cognitive processes, early and probably genetically determined abnormalities in the neuronal mechanisms generating high frequency EEG rhythms may contribute to development of the disorder. Further studies are needed to investigate the specificity of the findings for autism. C1 [Orekhova, Elena V.; Elam, Mikael] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Nygren, Gudrun; Gillberg, Christopher] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Tsetlin, Marina M.; Posikera, Irina N.] Moscow Univ Psychol & Educ, Moscow, Russia. RP Orekhova, EV (reprint author), Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1022 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.029 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300012 PM 17543897 ER PT J AU Endo, T Shioiri, T Kitamura, H Kimura, T Endo, S Masuzawa, N Someya, T AF Endo, Taro Shioiri, Toshiki Kitamura, Hideaki Kimura, Teruo Endo, Sumio Masuzawa, Naio Someya, Toshiyuki TI Altered chemical metabolites in the Amygdala-Hippocampus region contribute to autistic symptoms of autism spectrum disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE amygdala; autism spectrum disorder; Childhood Autistic Rating Scale; hippocampus; proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON MR SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEURAL SYSTEMS; BRAIN AB Background: Although several previous studies have been conducted, the neural basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine whether individuals with ASD have altered brainchemical metabolites and whether such alterations are related to their autistic symptoms. Methods: N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline/Cr ratios in the right medial temporal lobe (MTL), medial prefrontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis were measured in 38 individuals with ASD (mean age = 12.9years), including 12 with autism, 15 with Asperger's Disorder, and 11 with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and 16 matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 11.5 years) with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Autistic symptoms were assessed by the Childhood Autistic Rating Scale-Tokyo Version. Results: There was a significant group difference for NAA/Cr ratio in the right MTL between the autism, Asperger's Disorder, PDD-NOS, and control groups (p <.001), and the autism group had a significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio compared with the PDD-NCS (p <.001) and control (p <.001) groups. In the ASD group, there was a significant negative correlation between NAA/Cr ratio in the right MTL and their Childhood Autistic Rating Scale-Tokyo Version total scores (r = -.44, p =.01) and subscales of emotional response (r = -.38, p =.02) and listening response (r = -.54, p =.00 1). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that subjects with ASD have abnormalities of neural integrity in the amygdalahippocampus region that are related to their severity and social impairments. C1 Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Dept Psychiat, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Neurosurg Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Niigata, Japan. Dohtoh Neurosurg Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. 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TI Clinical, morphological, and biochemical correlates of head circumference in autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; cranial circumference; immune system; macrocephaly; macrosomy; microcephaly ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; GENE VARIANTS; BRAIN GROWTH; AGE; CHILDREN; LIFE; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS; DISEASE AB Background: Head growth rates are often accelerated in autism. This study is aimed at defining the clinical, morphological, and biochemical correlates of head circumference in autistic patients. Methods: Fronto-occipital head circumference was measured in 241 nonsyndromic autistic patients, 3 to 16 years old, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. We assessed 1) clinical parameters using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales, intelligence quotient measures, and an ad hoc clinical history questionnaire; 2) height and weight; 3) serotonin (5-HT) blood levels and peptiduria. Results: The distribution of cranial circumference is significantly skewed toward larger head sizes (p <.00001). Macrocephaly (i.e., head circumference >97th percentile) is generally part of a broader macrosomic endophenotype, characterized by highly significant correlations between head circumference, weight, and height (p <.001). A head circumference >75th percentile is associated with more impaired adaptive behaviors and with less impairment in IQ measures and motor and verbal language development. Surprisingly, larger head sizes are significantly associated with a positive history of allergic/immune disorders both in the patient and in his/her first-degree relatives. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the existence of a macrosomic endophenotype in autism and points toward pathogenetic links with immune dysfunctions that we speculate either lead to or are associated with increased cell cycle progression and/or decreased apoptosis. C1 Univ Campus Biomedico, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00155 Rome, Italy. IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. Univ Naples 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Unit Neurol & Clin Neurophysiopathol, Troina, EN, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy. ASL RM, Rome, Italy. Univ Milan, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Milan, Italy. Ctr Austim Res & Educ, Phoenix, AZ USA. SW Austim Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Pediat Res, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Rome, Italy. IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Univ Campus Biomedico, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Via Longoni 83, I-00155 Rome, Italy. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1038 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.039 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300014 PM 17644070 ER PT J AU Hobbs, K Kennedy, A DuBray, M Bigler, ED Petersen, PB McMahon, W Lainhart, JE AF Hobbs, Kyle Kennedy, Anne DuBray, Molly Bigler, Erin D. Petersen, P. Brent McMahon, William Lainhart, Janet E. TI A retrospective fetal ultrasound study of brain size in autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; biparietal diameter; brain growth; fetal; head circumference; head width; ultrasound ID POSTNATAL RENAL-FUNCTION; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; MENSTRUAL AGE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; NONVERBAL IQ; CHILDREN; GROWTH; BIRTH; PYELECTASIS; DISORDER AB Background: Despite evidence of possible abnormalities during fetal development, no study to date has attempted to investigate fetal brain growth in autism. Fetal head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) are highly correlated with fetal brain volume and are measured on fetal ultrasounds. Methods: We used retrospective fetal ultrasound data to examine fetal head and body size during midgestation in children later diagnosed with autism. Second trimester fetal ultrasounds were collected for 45 autistic subjects and 222 control subjects. The HC, BPD, abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) measurements were extracted from the ultrasound records and standardized. The standardized growth parameters and discrepancies between them were compared in autism and control subjects. Results: The autism group did not differ significantly from control subjects on individual measures of standardized HC, BPD, AC, and FL. Fetal HC was normal in the autism group. Preliminary findings suggest a tendency for fetal BPD to be large relative to HC in the autism group. An index of fetal body size, AC was significantly decreased in multiplex compared with simplex autism, and HC showed a trend decrease. The rate of pyelectasis was increased and breech position decreased in the autism group. No lateral ventricle abnormalities were reported. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that fetal head circumference is not abnormal in autism. The preliminary findings identify a subtle disturbance in uniformity of fetal brain growth and in renal development in some autistic cases, and differences in fetal development between simplex and multiplex autism. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Interdept Program Neurosci, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Inst Brain, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Neurosci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Carmen B Pingree Sch Children Austim, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Lainhart, JE (reprint author), Utah Austim Program, 650 Komas Dr,Suite 206, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.020 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300015 PM 17555719 ER PT J AU Tsuchiya, KJ Hashimoto, K Iwata, Y Tsujii, M Sekine, Y Sugihara, G Matsuzaki, H Suda, S Kawai, M Nakamura, K Minabe, Y Yagi, A Iyo, M Takei, N Mori, N AF Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Hashimoto, Kenji Iwata, Yasuhide Tsujii, Masatsugu Sekine, Yoshimoto Sugihara, Genichi Matsuzaki, Hideo Suda, Shiro Kawai, Masayoshi Nakamura, Kazuhiko Minabe, Yoshio Yagi, Atsuko Iyo, Masaomi Takei, Nori Mori, Norio TI Decreased serum levels of platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) in subjects with high-functioning autism: A negative correlation with head circumference at birth SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE adhesion molecules; developmental disorders; ELISA; head circumference; high-functioning autism; human blood ID PERINATAL FACTORS; BRAIN AB Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the immune system plays a role in the pathophysiology of autism, and that the adhesion molecules play an important role in the process of inflammation. This study was undertaken to determine whether serum levels of the adhesion molecules in subjects with high-functioning autism are altered as compared with those of normal controls. Methods: Seventeen male subjects with high-functioning autism and 22 male age-matched unrelated healthy control subjects were enrolled. Serum levels of the soluble forms of platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were measured. Results: Levels of PECAM-1, but not ICAM-1, in the subjects with autism were significantly lower than those of control subjects. VCAM-I showed a weak trend for a lowered level. There was a negative correlation between serum levels of PECAM-1 and head circumference at birth in the autistic subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that PECAM-1 plays a role in the pathophysiology of high-functioning autism. C1 Chiba Univ, Ctr Forens Mental Hlth, Div Clin Neurosci, Chiba 2608670, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chiba, Japan. 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Psychiatry PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1056 EP 1058 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.018 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 225OX UT WOS:000250528300016 PM 17509538 ER PT J AU Akiyama, T Kato, M Muramatsu, T Umeda, S Saito, F Kashima, H AF Akiyama, Tomoko Kato, Motoichiro Muramatsu, Taro Umeda, Satoshi Saito, Fumie Kashima, Haruo TI Unilateral amygdala lesions hamper attentional orienting triggered by gaze direction SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE amygdala laterality; arrow; social cognition; spatial cueing ID FACE PROCESSING IMPAIRMENTS; HAPPY FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; EMOTIONAL FACES; EYE GAZE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MACAQUE MONKEY; AUTISM; BRAIN; RESPONSES AB The newly discovered deficit in a bilateral amygdala-damaged case, of not being able to allocate attention to the critical feature of a face (Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR. 2005. 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TI Learning, attention, writing, and processing speed in typical children and children with ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE attention deficit; learning disability; dysgraphia; processing speed; academic achievement; ADHD; anxiety; depression; autism; Asperger syndrome; oppositional-defiant disorder ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SWEDISH 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; GORDON DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; FRONTAL-LOBE FUNCTIONS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A; WISC-III PROFILES; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; READING-DISABILITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB Learning, attention, grophomotor, and processing speed scores were analyzed in 149 typical control children and 886 clinical children with normal intelligence. Nonsignificant differences were found between control children and children with anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 469 EP 493 DI 10.1080/09297040601112773 PG 25 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 239IB UT WOS:000251510900001 PM 17852125 ER PT J AU Arias, A Corbella, M Fons, C Sempere, A Garcia-Villoria, J Ormazabal, A Poo, P Pineda, M Vilaseca, MA Campistol, J Briones, P Pampols, T Salomons, GS Ribes, A Artuch, R AF Arias, Angela Corbella, Marc Fons, Carmen Sempere, Angela Garcia-Villoria, Judit Ormazabal, Aida Poo, Pilar Pineda, Merce Vilaseca, Maria Antonia Campistol, Jaume Briones, Paz Pampols, Teresa Salomons, Gajja S. Ribes, Antonia Artuch, Rafael TI Creatine transporter deficiency: Prevalence among patients with mental retardation and pitfalls in metabolite screening SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome; creatine; creatinine; guanidinoacetate; creatine transporter deficiency ID INBORN ERROR; GENE SLC6A8; HUMANS; BRAIN; MALES AB Objectives: To report the prevalence of creatine transporter deficiency in males with mental retardation and to study whether a protein-rich food intake might be a potential diagnostic pitfall. Design and methods: We determined creatine/creatinine ratio in urine samples from 1600 unrelated male patients with mental retardation and/ or autism. Urine creatine was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Results: Thirty-three of 1600 cases showed increased urine creatine/creatinine ratio. Four out of these thirty-three cases were definitively diagnosed with creatine transporter deficiency, while the other 29 were false positive results. Significantly higher values were observed for urine Cr/Cm ratio in healthy volunteers after a meal based on beef or oily fish as compared to eggs, pasta or salad (Wilcoxon test: p<0.005). Conclusions: False positive results may be observed in biochemical screening for creatine transporter deficiency, and they may be due to intake of meals rich in creatine prior to urine samples analysis. (C) 2007 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Hosp Sant Joan Deu, Dept Clin Biochem & Pediat Neurol, Barcelona 08950, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Biomed Res Rare Dis, Barcelona 08950, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Inst Bioquim Clin, Serv Bioquim & Genet Mol, Hosp Clin, Barcelona 08950, Spain. Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Metab Unit, Dept Clin Chem, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Artuch, R (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Hosp Sant Joan Deu, Dept Clin Biochem & Pediat Neurol, Passeig Sant Joan Deu 2, Barcelona 08950, Spain. 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TI Genetic and environmental factors in complex neurodevelopmental disorders SO CURRENT GENOMICS LA English DT Review DE neurodevelopmental disorders; susceptibility genes; environmental factors; gene-environment interactions; association studies; linkage analysis ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER GENE; NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME AB Complex neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder, (manic) depressive illness and addiction, are thought to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. 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The present article documents the existence of extremely intense interests that emerge very early in life and establishes some of the basic parameters of the phenomenon. Surveys and interviews with 177 parents revealed that nearly one third of young children have extremely intense interests. The nature of these intense interests are described, with particular focus on their emergence, commonalities in the content of the interests, and the reactions of other people to them. One of the most striking findings is a large gender difference: Extremely intense interests are much more common for young boys than for girls. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Macquarie Univ, Sch Psychol, Early Childhood Dev Unit, N Ryde, Qld, Australia. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP DeLoache, JS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, POB 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1579 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 230GF UT WOS:000250863500024 PM 18020834 ER PT J AU Jarvinen-Pasley, A Heaton, P AF Jarvinen-Pasley, Anna Heaton, Pamela TI Evidence for reduced domain-specificity in auditory processing in autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN; PROSODY; INDIVIDUALS; INTONATION; IMPAIRMENT; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; STIMULUS; VERSION AB Neurological and behavioral findings indicate that atypical auditory processing characterizes autism. The present study tested the hypothesis that auditory processing is less domain-specific in autism than in typical development. Participants with autism and controls completed a pitch sequence discrimination task in which same/different judgments of music and/or speech stimulus pairs were made. A signal detection analysis showed no difference in pitch sensitivity across conditions in the autism group, while controls exhibited significantly poorer performance in conditions incorporating speech. The results are largely consistent with perceptual theories of autism, which propose that a processing bias towards featural/low-level information characterizes the disorder, as well as supporting the notion that such individuals exhibit selective attention to a limited number of simultaneously presented cues. C1 Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, London SE14 6NW, England. RP Jarvinen-Pasley, A (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cognit Neurosci Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00637.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 225DG UT WOS:000250496700011 PM 17973796 ER PT J AU Minami, T Oda, K Gima, N Yamazaki, H AF Minami, Takeshi Oda, Keisuke Gima, Naoya Yamazaki, Hideo TI Effects of lipopolysaccharide and chelator on mercury content in the cerebrum of thimerosal-administered mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mercury; cerebrum; thimerosal; lipopolysaccharide; dimercaprol; D-penicillamine ID MOUSE-BRAIN; VACCINES; THIOMERSAL; AUTISM; METHYLMERCURY; PENETRATION; VACCINATION; CISPLATIN; INFANTS; DISEASE AB Thimerosal is one of the best-known preservative agents for vaccines in the world but a relationship between its use and autism has long been suspected so that its effects on the brain need more detailed research. We here examined the influence of lipopolysaccharide injury to the blood-brain barrier on the penetration of mercury from thimerosal into mouse cerebrums, as well as the effect of chelator of heavy metals on cerebrum mercury content. Mercury can be expected to be detected in the cerebrum of normal mice, because the metal is present in standard mouse chow. When 60 mu g/kg of thimerosal was subcutaneously injected into the mouse, the mercury content in the cerebrum was significantly higher 48 h after the thimerosal injection with a maximum peak after 72 h. In addition, mercury content in the cerebrum was still higher on day 7 than in the control group. When lipopolysaccharide was pre-injected into mice to induce damage on blood-brain barrier, the mercury content in the cerebrum was significantly higher at 24 and 72 h after the injection of 12 mu g/kg of thimerosal compared to the control group, this dose alone does not cause any increase. The mercury content in the cerebrums of mice was decreased to the control group level on day 7 when a chelator, dimercaprol, was administered once a day from days 3 to 6 after a 60 mu g/kg, s.c. injection. In addition, D-penicillamine as a chelator decreased the mercury contents in the cerebrum after the high dose administration. In conclusion, a physiological dose of thimerosal did not increase the content of mercury in the cerebrum, but levels were increased when damage to the blood-brain barrier occurred in mice injected with thimerosal. In addition, a chelator of heavy metals may be useful to remove mercury from the cerebrum. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kinki Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Life Sci, Osaka 5778502, Japan. RP Minami, T (reprint author), Kinki Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Life Sci, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Osaka 5778502, Japan. 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TI Detection of pathogenic gene copy number variations in patients with mental retardation by genomewide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA DE array CGH; copy number variation; CNV; genomic imbalance; mental retardation; autism spectrum disorder ID FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; CGH; CHILDREN; DUPLICATIONS; IMBALANCES; DISORDERS; MICRODUPLICATION; INDIVIDUALS; MUTATIONS AB Genomic imbalance is a major cause of developmental disorders. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has revealed frequent imbalances associated with clinical syndromes, but also a large number of copy number variations (CNVs), which have complicated the interpretation of results. We studied 100 consecutive patients with unexplained mental retardation and a normal karyotype using several platforms of CGH arrays. A genomewide array with 44,290 oligonucleotide probes (OaCGH44K) detected pathogenic imbalances in 15% of cases studied with sizes ranged from 459kb to 19Mb while revealing a small number of CNVs (0.72/individual). Another platform with similar to 240,000 oligonucleotide probes (OaCGH244K) revealed a large number of CNVs (20/individual) in selected cases and their normal parents. We used a comprehensive approach for interpreting the results of aCGH, including consideration of the size, inheritance and gene content of CNVS, and consultation with an online Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Men (OMIM) for information on the genes involved. Our study suggests that genomewide oligonucleotide arrays such as the OaCGH44K platform can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool for detection of genomic imbalances associated with unexplained mental retardation or syndromic autism spectrum disorders. It is interesting to note that a small number of common variants were revealed by OaCGH244K in some study subjects but not in their parents and that some inherited CNVs had altered breakpoints. Further investigations on these alterations may provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of CNVs. C1 Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Ctr Genet Med, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Joe DiMaggio Childrens Hosp, Hollywood, FL USA. Univ Miami, Child Div, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr Autism & Related Disabil, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Fan, YS (reprint author), Mailman Ctr Child Dev, Cytogenet Lab, Room 7050,1601 NAW 21th Ave, Miami, FL 33136 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1124 EP 1132 DI 10.1002/humu.20581 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 226TA UT WOS:000250610200010 PM 17621639 ER PT J AU Miniscalco, C Hagberg, B Kadesjo, B Westerlund, M Gillberg, C AF Miniscalco, Carmela Hagberg, Bibbi Kadesjo, Bjorn Westerlund, Monica Gillberg, Christopher TI Narrative skills, cognitive profiles and neuropsychiatric disorders in 7-8-year-old children with late developing language SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE narrative skill; cognitive profile; language delay; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); autism ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; STORY RECALL; LATE TALKERS; IMPAIRMENT; AGE; 4-YEAR-OLDS; ABILITIES; COHERENCE AB Background: A community-representative sample of screened and clinically examined children with language delay at 2.5 years of age was followed up,it school age when their language development was again examined and the occurrence of neuropsychiattic/neurodevelop mental disorder (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)) was documented. Aims: (1) To determine whether these 7-8-year-old children with a history of language delay have deficits in narrative skills compared with the age norm's of standardized tests; and (2) to analyse if there is a relationship between narrative outcome, cognitive profile, and neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Methods & Procedures: Twenty-one children recruited from a community sample and with a history of language delay underwent an in-depth multidisciplinary examination at 7-8 years of age. Their narrative and cognitive skills were examined using the Bus Story Test, the Narrative Memory Subtest from the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY, and The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III). Outcomes & Results: The three measures of the Bus Story Test (information, sentence length, and subordinate clauses) were below age norms for all 21 children, of whom 13 also had a neuropsychiatric diagnosis, i.e. ADHD and/or ASD. Half of the children with language delay had problems on Bus Story Test Information and on the Narrative Memory subtest independently of co-occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorder. The only difference across the children with language delay pure and those who had language delay plus ADHD or language delay plus ASD was on Freedom from Distractibility, where children with ADHD and ASD scored low. In addition, children with ASD had a much lower overall cognitive level (FSIQ) and poorer results on Processing Speed. Conclusions: Swedish children with late developing language at 2.5 years of age have persisting difficulties with oral narrative skills at age 7-8 years. However, almost none of the children with language delay had problems when responding to story-related questions - irrespective of whether or not they had an additional diagnosis of ADHD or ASD. Thus, asking story-related questions may be a good intervention strategy when working with these children. Because narrative difficulties are a reflection of linguistic, cognitive and/or pragmatic/ social difficulties, it is important for clinicians of different specialities to work in close collaboration in order to establish a reliable measure that can be used in clinical assessment. Poor results on the WlSC-III Kaufman Freedom from Distractibility factor had a strong relationship with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis (not just ADHD), whereas poor results on Bus Story Test Information or NEPSY Narrative Memory (measured as Free Recall) did not. Narrative problems were present among the language delay children even in the presence of adequate speech and verbal comprehension. Thus, narrative assessment may be a useful tool for identifying children with more persistent subtle language and pragmatic problems who are at risk for academic failure. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Logoped & Phoniatr, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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E., 1997, BUS STORY TEST TEST *STAT ARSB SVER, 2000, BEF 1998 Stothard SE, 1998, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V41, P407 SVENSSON Y, 2000, BUSSSAGAN BST SVENSK TAGERFLUSBERG H, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P45 TANNOCK R, 1993, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V21, P103, DOI 10.1007/BF00910492 Tetnowski John A., 2004, Seminars in Speech and Language, V25, P215, DOI 10.1055/s-2004-833669 Wagner C., 1999, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V15, P113 Wechsler D., 1999, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-2822 J9 INT J LANG COMM DIS JI Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 665 EP 681 DI 10.1080/13682820601084428 PG 17 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 239IE UT WOS:000251511200003 PM 17852517 ER PT J AU McCann, J Peppe, S Gibbon, FE O'Hare, A Rutherford, M AF McCann, Joanne Peppe, Susan Gibbon, Fiona E. O'Hare, Anne Rutherford, Marion TI Prosody and its relationship to language in school-aged children with high-functioning autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; prosody; intonation; language ID COMMUNICATION CHECKLIST; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG INFANTS; IMPAIRMENT; INTONATION; SPEECH; MIND; PERCEPTION; ADULTS AB Background: Disordered expressive prosody is a widely reported characteristic of individuals with autism. Despite this, it has received little attention in the literature and the few studies that have addressed it have not described its relationship to other aspects of communication. Aims: To determine the nature and relationship of expressive and receptive language, phonology, pragmatics, and non-verbal ability in school-aged children with high-functioning autism and to determine how prosody relates to these abilities and which aspects of prosody are most affected. Methods & Procedures: A total of 31 children with high-functioning autism and 72 typically developing children matched for verbal mental age completed a battery of speech, language, and non-verbal assessments and a procedure for assessing receptive and expressive prosody. Outcomes & Results: Language skills varied, but the majority of children with high-functioning autism had deficits in at least one aspect of language with expressive language most severely impaired. All of the children with high-functioning autism had difficulty with at least one aspect of prosody and prosodic ability correlated highly with expressive and receptive language. The children with high-functioning autism showed significantly poorer prosodic skills than the control group, even after adjusting for verbal mental age. Conclusions: Investigating prosody and its relationship to language in autism is clinically important because expressive prosodic disorders add an additional social and communication barrier for these children and problems are often lifelong even when other areas of language improve. Furthermore, a receptive prosodic impairment may have implications not only for understanding the many functions of prosody but also for general language comprehension. C1 Queen Margaret Univ, Speech Sci Res Ctr, Edinburgh EH12 8TS, Midlothian, Scotland. Royal Hosp Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. 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PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 682 EP 702 DI 10.1080/13682820601170102 PG 21 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 239IE UT WOS:000251511200004 PM 17885824 ER PT J AU Wakabayashi, A Baron-Cohen, S Uchiyama, T Yoshida, Y Kuroda, M Wheelwright, S AF Wakabayashi, Akio Baron-Cohen, Simon Uchiyama, Tokio Yoshida, Yuko Kuroda, Miho Wheelwright, Sally TI Empathizing and systemizing in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions: Cross-cultural stability SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE empathizing; systemizing; autism; asperger syndrome; autism spectrum conditions; cognitive style; sex differences ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENDER DIFFERENCES; META-ANALYSIS; QUOTIENT AQ; MIND; CHILDREN AB This study tests the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory of sex differences and the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. Three groups of participants took part: n = 48 people with autism spectrum, n = 137 general population controls, and n = 1,250 university student controls. Each participant completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results: The autism spectrum condition (ASC) group scored significantly lower than controls on the EQ, and significantly higher on the SQ. Among both control groups, females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ, whilst males scored significantly higher than females on the SQ. The distribution of 'brain types', based on the difference between EQ and SQ scores, showed distinct profiles for people with ASC, control males and control females. C1 Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res ctr, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. Otsuma Womens Univ, Fac Human Welfare, Dept Human Relat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2068540, Japan. Psycho Dev Clin, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2240032, Japan. RP Wakabayashi, A (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, Inage Ku, Yayoi Cho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1823 EP 1832 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700001 PM 17180457 ER PT J AU Wong, MG Heriot, SA AF Wong, Michelle G. Heriot, Sandra A. TI Vicarious futurity in autism and childhood dementia SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE hope; despair; parent expectations ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERSONAL HOPEFULNESS; RESPONSE SHIFT; HOPE; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; PARENTS; ILLNESS; PEOPLE; HEALTH AB Vicarious futurity is the hope and despair that a person has for another's future. This study examined the vicarious futurity of parents of children with autism and childhood dementia. Participants were 22 parents of children with autism and 7 parents of children with childhood dementia. Variability in levels of vicarious hope and vicarious despair was found highlighting the complexity of vicarious futurity. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1833 EP 1841 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0317-5 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700002 PM 17177119 ER PT J AU Chalfant, AM Rapee, R Carroll, L AF Chalfant, Anne Marie Rapee, Ron Carroll, Louisa TI Treating anxiety disorders in children with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: A controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; anxiety; treatment ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; CHILDHOOD ANXIETY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SEPARATION ANXIETY; VERBAL-ABILITY; MIND ABILITIES AB A family-based, cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety in 47 children with comorbid anxiety disorders and High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFA) was evaluated. Treatment involved 12 weekly group sessions and was compared with a waiting list condition. Changes between pre- and post-treatment were examined using clinical interviews as well as child-, parent- and teacher-report measures. Following treatment, 71.4% of the treated participants no longer fulfilled diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Comparisons between the two conditions indicated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms as measured by self-report, parent report and teacher report. Discussion focuses on the implications for the use of cognitive behaviour therapy with HFA children, for theory of mind research and for further research on the treatment components. C1 Annies Ctr, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. Macquarie Univ, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Chalfant, AM (reprint author), Annies Ctr, POB 456, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1842 EP 1857 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0318-4 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700003 PM 17171539 ER PT J AU White, SW Keonig, K Scahill, L AF White, Susan Williams Keonig, Kathleen Scahill, Lawrence TI Social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders: A review of the intervention research SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE autism; Asperger's disorder; social skills training ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CLINICAL-TRIALS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LONELINESS; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; FRIENDSHIP; CHILDHOOD; EDUCATION AB Social reciprocity deficits are a core feature of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review summarizes the state of research in group-based social skills training programs for school-age children and adolescents with ASD. All published studies of group social skills interventions between 1985 and 2006 were reviewed, as well as dissertations examining group-based social skills intervention programs. To assess the state of the science, a template developed by an NIMH work group was applied to 14 identified studies. Based on this review, the empirical support for this approach is incomplete, but promising intervention strategies were identified. Recommendations for the design of future treatment trials to guide clinical practice are offered. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Virginia Treatment Ctr Children, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. RP White, SW (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Virginia Treatment Ctr Children, 515 N 10th St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. 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Krupa, Kristin TI Impact of SMART board technology: An investigation of sight word reading and observational learning SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE SMART Board; observational learning; small group instruction; sight word reading; interactive white board; computer assisted instruction ID SMALL-GROUP INSTRUCTION; STUDENTS; ACQUISITION; DISABILITIES; FEEDBACK; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; AUTISM AB The effects of SMART Board technology, an interactive electronic whiteboard, and a 3s constant time delay (CTD) procedure was evaluated for teaching sight word reading to students with moderate intellectual disabilties within a small group arrangment. 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TI Relevance of donepezil in enhancing learning and memory in special populations: A review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE atism; dnepezil (Aricept); aetylcholine ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR ABNORMALITIES; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; DOWN-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ADJUNCTIVE DONEPEZIL AB This review discusses the laboratory and clinical research supporting the rationale for the efficacy of donepezil (Aricept (R) USA) in enhancing cognition in autism, Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. While preliminary animal models have shown effective, human studies exclusive of Alzheimer disease are sparse. Although attention and memory are unlikely a sole operation of the cholinergic system, evidence indicates a promising direction for further examination of this hypothesis in autism. Studies that examine changes in operationally defined behaviors and reliable and valid measure of changes in attention and memory are needed. C1 Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Austin, TX 78746 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Psychol, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. RP Yoo, JH (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, 3001 Bee Caves Rd, Austin, TX 78746 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1883 EP 1901 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0322-8 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700006 PM 17221321 ER PT J AU Thomas, KC Ellis, AR McLaurin, C Daniels, J Morrissey, JP AF Thomas, Kathleen C. Ellis, Alan R. McLaurin, Carolyn Daniels, Julie Morrissey, Joseph P. TI Access to care for autism-related services SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; services; access ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; STRESS; FAMILIES; HEALTH; NEEDS; DIAGNOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; INTERVENTION AB This paper identifies family characteristics associated with use of autism-related services. A telephone or in-person survey was completed during 2003-2005 by 383 North Carolina families with a child 11 years old or younger with ASD. Access to care is limited for racial and ethnic minority families, with low parental education, living in nonmetropolitan areas, and not following a major treatment approach. Service use is more likely when parents have higher stress. Families use a broad array of services; the mix varies with child ASD diagnosis and age group. Disparities in service use associated with race, residence and education point to the need to develop policy, practice and family-level interventions that can address barriers to services for children with ASD. C1 Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Thomas, KC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, 725 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd,CB 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1902 EP 1912 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0323-7 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700007 PM 17372817 ER PT J AU Sheppard, E Ropar, D Mitchell, P AF Sheppard, Elizabeth Ropar, Danielle Mitchell, Peter TI The impact of meaning and dimensionality on copying accuracy in individuals with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; cognition; drawing; local processing; perception ID WEAK COHERENCE; VISUAL REALISM; DRAWINGS; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; TASKS AB Weak Central Coherence (Frith, 1989) predicts that, in autism, perceptual processing is relatively unaffected by conceptual analysis. Enhanced Perceptual Functioning (Mottron & Burack, 2001) predicts that the perceptual processing of those with autism is less influenced by conceptual analysis only when higher-level processing is detrimental to task performance. This research tested these theories using a copying task where one conceptual aspect enhances accuracy (meaningfulness) and another hinders it (three-dimensionality). Children and adolescents with and without autism copied meaningful and non-meaningful two-dimensional and three-dimensional line drawings. Drawing accuracy and strategy (global/local) were assessed. Participants with autism were less affected by dimensionality but not meaningfulness, apparently supporting EPF. Effects of dimensionality did not relate to drawing strategy, also contrary to WCC. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Sheppard, E (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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TI Poor facial affect recognition among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Duchenne muscular dystrophy; Becker muscular dystrophy; Affect; Facial emotion; Pervasive developmental disorder; Developmental disorder; Dystrophin; Neuromuscular ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BRAIN DYSTROPHIN; CHILDREN; EXPRESSIONS; ATROPHY; COMPREHENSION AB Children with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (MD) have delayed language and poor social skills and some meet criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorder, yet they are identified by molecular, rather than behavioral, characteristics. To determine whether comprehension of facial affect is compromised in boys with MD, children were given a matching-to-sample test with four types of visual recognition (Object, Face, Affect, and Situation matching) developed by Lucci and Fein. Within-group analyses on 50 boys with MD found decreased Affect matching relative to the other matching conditions. Between-group comparisons on 20 sibling pairs found the boys with Duchenne performed more poorly only on the Affect-matching condition. Thus, mildly impaired facial affect recognition may be part of the phenotype associated with Duchenne or Becker MD. C1 Columbia Univ, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Colleen Giblin Res Labs, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. Scottish Rite Childrens Med Inst, Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hinton, VJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, 630 W 168th St,P&S Box 16, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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Mean PSL in autistic group (75.7 +/- 37.4 ng/mu L) was significantly higher than the control sample (59.2 +/- 16.2 ng/mu L) due to a presence of hyperserotonemic subjects which comprised 32% of the patients. PSL of autistic subjects did not correlate with the severity of symptoms, as measured by total CARS score, or the degree of mental retardation. However, significant negative relationship was observed between PSL and speech development, indicating the relationship between the peripheral 5HT concentrations and verbal abilities in autistic subjects. C1 Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Anim Physiol, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Dept Mol Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Psychiat Hosp Children & Youth, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Ctr Austim Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Croatian Inst Transfus Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Hranilovic, D (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Anim Physiol, Rooseveltov Trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1934 EP 1940 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0324-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700010 PM 17165147 ER PT J AU Ouellette-Kuntz, H Coo, H Lloyd, JEV Kasmara, L Holden, JJA Lewis, MES AF Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene Coo, Helen Lloyd, Jennifer E. V. Kasmara, Liza Holden, Jeanette J. A. Lewis, M. E. Suzanne TI Trends in special education code assignment for autism: Implications for prevalence estimates SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; prevalence; trends; special education; Edudata Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Education ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; POPULATION; CALIFORNIA AB There is considerable controversy over reasons for observed increases in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. We examined trends in British Columbia education database coding of children with autism from 1996 to 2004. There was a significant linear increase in autism prevalence. The proportion of children identified by age 6 increased significantly from 1996 to 1999. When we calculated prevalence assuming onset prior to age 3, previously unidentified cases, particularly among girls in 1996 and 1997, accounted for substantial increases in estimated prevalence. The magnitude of under-identification decreased from 1996 to 2000, and rose slightly in 2001. Analyses of prevalence trends must take into account effects of earlier age at identification and inclusion of previously undetected cases on prevalence estimates. C1 Queens Univ, Ongwanada Resource Ctr, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Ouellette-Kuntz, H (reprint author), Queens Univ, Ongwanada Resource Ctr, 191 Portsmouth Ave, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. 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TI Factor analysis of the aberrant behavior checklist in individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; aberrant behavior checklist; irritability; self-injury ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RATING-SCALE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; PRADER-WILLI; OPEN-LABEL; CHILDREN; RISPERIDONE; VALIDITY AB Exploratory factor analysis (varimax and promax rotations) of the aberrant behavior checklist-community version (ABC) in 275 individuals with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identified four- and five-factor solutions which accounted for > 70% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (Lisrel 8.7) revealed indices of moderate fit for the five-factor solution. Our results suggest that the factor structure of the ABC is robust within an ASD sample. Both solutions yielded a three items self-injury factor. Stratifying on this factor, we identified significant differences between the high- and low-self injury groups on ABC subscales. The emergence of a self-injury factor, while not suggestive of a new subscale, warrants further exploration as a tool that could help dissect relevant neurobiobehavioral groups in ASD. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Columbia, SC USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. RP Cuccaro, ML (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Box 3445, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1949 EP 1959 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0327-3 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700012 PM 17186368 ER PT J AU Tse, J Strulovitch, J Tagalakis, V Meng, L Fombonne, E AF Tse, Jeanie Strulovitch, Jack Tagalakis, Vicki Meng, Linyan Fombonne, Eric TI Social skills training for adolescents with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Child-and-Adolescent-Psychiatry CY OCT, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat DE social skills training; adolescents; asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; pervasive developmental disorder ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; RATING FORM; CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; DISABILITIES; RISPERIDONE; NORMS; MODEL AB The effectiveness of a social skills training group for adolescents with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism (AS/HFA) was evaluated. Parents of six groups of adolescents (n = 46, 61% male, mean age 14.6) completed questionnaires immediately before and after the 12-week group. Parents and adolescents were surveyed regarding their experience with the group. Significant pre- to post-treatment gains were found on measures of both social competence and problem behaviors associated with AS/HFA. Effect sizes ranged from .34 to .72. Adolescents reported more perceived skill improvements than did parents. Parent-reported improvement suggests that social skills learned in group sessions generalize to settings outside the treatment group. Larger, controlled studies of social skills training groups would be valuable. C1 Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 4018 St Catherine W, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. EM eric.fombonne@mcgill.ca CR AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 Aman MG, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P41, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00039-9 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARNHILL GP, 2002, NATL ASS SCH PSYCHOL, V31, P3 Bieber J., 1994, LEARNING DISABILITIE Bodfish JW, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P318, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20045 Brown EC, 2002, RES DEV DISABIL, V23, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00091-9 Buitelaar JK, 2001, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V62, P239 Constantino JN, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P719, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00266.x Constantino JN, 2000, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V21, P2 GOLDSTEIN AP, 2000, SKILLSTREAMING ADOLE Gray C., 1994, COMIC STRIP CONVERSA Gray C., 1994, NEW SOCIAL STORY BOO Gresham FM, 2001, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V67, P331 Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 Howlin P., 1999, TEACHING CHILDREN AU KANNER L, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P9, DOI 10.1007/BF01537624 Krasny L, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P107, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 Pine E, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P344, DOI 10.1177/1362361306064434 McCracken JT, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P314, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa013171 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 SCHOPLER E, 1983, AUTISM ADOLESCENTS A Shea S, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P634 SLOMAN L, 2004, CHILDREN YOUTH ADULT, P253 STRULOVITCH J, 2003, PERSPECTIVES LANGUAG, V10, P20 Tasse MJ, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P59, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00037-2 WALKER H, 1983, WALKER SOCIAL SKILLS NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1960 EP 1968 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0343-3 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700013 PM 17216559 ER PT J AU Stokes, M Newton, N Kaur, A AF Stokes, Mark Newton, Naomi Kaur, Archana TI Stalking, and social and romantic functioning among adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; high-functioning-autism; social-skills; sexual behaviour; stalking ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PEER RELATIONSHIPS; YOUNG-ADULTS; PERSPECTIVE; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; TESTS AB We examine the nature and predictors of social and romantic functioning in adolescents and adults with ASD. Parental reports were obtained for 25 ASD adolescents and adults (13-36 years), and 38 typical adolescents and adults (13-30 years). The ASD group relied less upon peers and friends for social (OR = 52.16, p < .01) and romantic learning (OR = 38.25, p < .01). Individuals with ASD were more likely to engage in inappropriate courting behaviours ((2)(X) (df = 19) = 3168.74, p < .001) and were more likely to focus their attention upon celebrities, strangers, colleagues, and ex-partners ((2)(X)(df = 5) = 2335.40, p < .001), and to pursue their target longer than controls (t = -2.23, df = 18.79, p < .05). These results show that the diagnosis of ASD is pertinent when individuals are prosecuted under stalking legislation in various jurisdictions. C1 Deakin Univ, Fac Hlth Med Nursing & Behav Sci, Sch Psychol, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP Stokes, M (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Fac Hlth Med Nursing & Behav Sci, Sch Psychol, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM stokes@deakin.edu.au CR Asperger H., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.002 Bond TG, 2001, APPL RASCH MODEL FUN Church C., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P12, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500102 Clements J., 2000, BEHAV CONCERNS AUTIS Engstrom I, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P99, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007001008 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Frith U, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P672, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x Furman W., 1997, ROMANTIC RELATIONSHI, P21 GILLBERG C, 2001, J DEV LEARNING DISOR, V5, P81 GILLBERG C, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V3, P813 Green J, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P279, DOI 10.1023/A:1005523232106 HASSELBLAD V, 1995, PSYCHOL BULL, V117, P167 Haugaard JJ, 2004, CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV, V31, P37, DOI 10.1177/0093854803259247 HENAULT I, 2002, INA WORLD AUT C MELB Howlin P., 1997, AUTISM PREPARING ADU Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 Howlin P, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P212, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x McCann JT, 2000, J FORENSIC SCI, V45, P195 Mesibov GB, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P309 Mullen PE, 1999, AM J PSYCHIAT, V156, P1244 Orsmond GI, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P245, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029547.96610.df OUSLEY OY, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471, DOI 10.1007/BF02206871 Prior M, 2003, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V39, P81, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00097.x Ravensberg V, 2003, AGGRESS VIOLENT BEH, V8, P455, DOI 10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00075-7 Realmuto GM, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P121, DOI 10.1023/A:1023088526314 Roeyers H, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P271, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00718 RUBLE LA, 1993, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V22, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01541768 SELZTER MM, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P565 Shulman S, 2000, J RES ADOLESCENCE, V10, P99, DOI 10.1207/SJRA1001_5 Simpson R. L., 2002, COUNSEL HUM DEV, V34, P1 Spitzberg BH, 2003, AGGRESS VIOLENT BEH, V8, P345, DOI 10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00068-X STOKES M, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P263 Stokes M, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P337 Tabachnick B.G., 1996, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2nd Tantam D., 2000, AUTISM INT J RES PRA, V4, P47, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001004 Tantam D., 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P147, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511526770.005 VOLKMAR FR, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P627, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00020 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P131 NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1969 EP 1986 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0344-2 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700014 PM 17273936 ER PT J AU Knott, F Lewis, C Williams, T AF Knott, Fiona Lewis, Charlie Williams, Tim TI Sibling interaction of children with autism: Development over 12 months SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; siblings; social interaction; longitudinal studies ID FOLLOW-UP; DOWNS-SYNDROME; IMITATION; CHILDHOOD; DISORDER; MIND; DISABILITIES; COGNITION; OLDER AB While deficits in social interaction are central to autism, the sibling relationship has been found to provide a key medium for the development of such skills. Naturalistic observations of sibling pairs including children with autism and controls with Down syndrome were made across two time periods, twelve months apart. Consistent with the evidence on typically developing children, the amount and rate of initiations of both prosocial and agonistic interaction increased, but further analysis suggested that these interactions were stage-managed by the typically developing children. Results show social interaction and imitation in children with autism and the special role that sibling interactions can play. Longitudinal research on the acquisition of social skills in children with developmental disabilities is needed. C1 Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. Univ Lancaster, Fylde Coll, Dept Psychol, Lancaster LA1 4YF, England. RP Knott, F (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, POB 217, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. EM f.j.knott@reading.ac.uk RI Williams, Timothy/D-3512-2011; Lewis, Charlie/H-4717-2011 OI Williams, Timothy/0000-0003-0072-3316; CR ABRAMOVITCH R, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P217, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00022.x ABRAMOVITCH R, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00675.x Beadle-Brown J, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P195, DOI 10.1023/A:1015401814041 Beadle-Brown JD, 2004, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V29, P147, DOI 10.1080/13668250410001709494 Carpendale J. I. M., 2006, CHILDREN DEV SOCIAL Carpendale JIM, 2004, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V27, P79 DALLAS E, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P649, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01063.x Dunn J., 1979, CHILD ITS FAMILY DUNN J, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00697.x FEIN D, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P198, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60227-2 FRITH U, 2003, AUTISM HARTMANN DP, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P103, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-103 Howlin P, 1986, SOCIAL BEHAV AUTISM Howlin P, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P561, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005806 KNOTT F, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P965, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01343.x McGee GG, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P353, DOI 10.1023/A:1025849220209 McGovern CW, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P401, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00361.x Meltzoff AN, 2002, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V25, P39, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00090-5 Meltzoff AN, 2003, PHILOS T R SOC B, V358, P491, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1261 PERNER J, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1228, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x Peterson CC, 2000, COGNITIVE DEV, V15, P435, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00040-5 Roeyers H, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02172476 Rogers SJ, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P763, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00162 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 Ruffman T, 1998, DEV PSYCHOL, V34, P161, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.34.1.161 Sigman M., 1999, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V64 Stoneman Z, 2001, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V7, P134, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.1019 STONEMAN Z, 1989, RES DEV DISABIL, V10, P61, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90029-2 Tomasello M, 2005, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V28, P675, DOI 10.1017/S0140525X05000129 VOLKMAR F, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Whiten A., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P185, DOI 10.1177/1362361300004002006 Williams JHG, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P285, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029551.56735.3a NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1987 EP 1995 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0347-z PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700015 PM 17310402 ER PT J AU Overton, T Fielding, C de Alba, RG AF Overton, Terry Fielding, Cheryl de Alba, Roman Garcia TI Differential diagnosis of hispanic children referred for autism spectrum disorders: Complex issues SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism spectrum disorders; comorbid disorders; differential diagnosis ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; AGE; RECOGNITION AB This study examines the decision-making process used for differential diagnosis of a sample of Hispanic children referred for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Of the sample of 28 children, 18 were diagnosed with ASDs. Of the 10 children who were not diagnosed with ASDs, 80% were found to have multiple diagnostic labels or comorbidities. Mann-Whitney U analyses determined the differences between the children with the most severe social impairment, children with less severe social impairment and the non-autistic children on several domains commonly used to assess ASDs. These analyses indicated significant differences in some characteristics of the children in the sample. Based on these results, a decision-tree for the diagnosis of children with and without ASDs with comorbid disorders was developed. C1 Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Educ Psychol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Overton, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Educ Psychol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM overtont@panam.edu CR Achenbach T, 2000, CHILD BEHAV CHECKLIS Achenbach T. M., 2001, CHILD BEHAV CHECKLIS ACHENBACH TM, 2001, TEACHERS REPORT FORM American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baghdadli A, 2003, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V12, P122, DOI 10.1007/s00787-003-0314-6 Baron-Cohen S, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P213 Bradley EA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P151, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022606.97580.19 *CDC, 2006, PAR REP DIAGN AUT CH Clark T, 1999, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V8, P50 De Giacomo A, 1998, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V7, P131 Edelson M. G., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P66, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576060210020301 EXNER JE, 2005, RORSCHACH INTERPRETA Farrugia S., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P25, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576060210010401 Ghaziuddin M, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P279, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029550.19098.77 Golden LH, 2004, BONE, V34, P3, DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2003.09.005 Harpaz-Rotem I, 2004, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V34, P329 Hutton A. M., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P180, DOI [10.1177/10883576050200030601, DOI 10.1177/10883576050200030601] Klin A., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P309 Kovacs M., 1992, CHILDRENS DEPRESSION Lord C., 2002, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Mandell DS, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P1447, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000024863.60748.53 McConachie H, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P167, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-1995-0 Noland RM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P265, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029549.84385.44 Palmer RF, 2005, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V95, P125, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.023077 *REG ON ED SERV CT, 2005, REG 1 PUBL ED INF MA Reynolds CR, 2000, REVISED CHILDRENS MA REYNOLDS CR, 2002, REYNOLDS AOLESCENT D Rhodes R. L., 2005, ASSESSING CULTURALLY ROBERTS GE, 2005, ROBERTS 2 RUTTER M, 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Rutter M, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P241, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-2003-4 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND 2 VINELAND Tantam D., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P367 TRILLINGSGAARD A, 2005, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V14, P66 Tryon P. A., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P2, DOI 10.1177/10883576060210010101 *US BUR CENS, 2001, HISP POP CENS BRIEF *US DEP ED, 2002, 24 ANN REP C IMPL IN Werner E, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P889, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.889 Werner E, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P337, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3301-6 Wing L, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P197, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-1998-x NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1996 EP 2007 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0349-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700016 PM 17273933 ER PT J AU O'Connor, K AF O'Connor, Kate TI Brief report: Impaired identification of discrepancies between expressive faces and voices in adults with Asperger's syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; sensory integration; expression ID EMOTION RECOGNITION; AUTISM; PERCEPTION AB The aim of the present experiment was to examine the ability of adults with Asperger's syndrome and age-matched typically-developing controls to identify incongruent and congruent emotional information from the face and voice. In the first part of the experiment, participants determined whether simultaneously presented expressive faces and voices were the same or different. In the second part, participants identified expressive faces and voices in isolation. Results showed that relative to controls, adults with AS were less accurate at distinguishing between congruent and incongruent expressive faces and voices. Both groups obtained similar accuracy to expressive faces and voices presented in isolation. These findings may partially explain some of the difficulties individuals on the autistic spectrum have with social interaction. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand. RP O'Connor, K (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Psychol, Private Bag 92109, Auckland, New Zealand. EM gamokatio@yahoo.co.nz CR American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G BARONCOHEN S, 2003, MIND READING EMOTION Birch J., 2003, CONGRATULATIONS ITS Creelman C. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2008 EP 2013 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0345-1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700017 PM 17273935 ER PT J AU van der Smagt, MJ van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF van der Smagt, Maarten J. van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI Brief report: Can you see what is not there? Low-level auditory-visual integration in autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; high-functioning; cross-modal integration; visual perception; auditory perception; illusions ID FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; PSYCHOPHYSICS; INDIVIDUALS; POTENTIALS; PERCEPTION; ACTIVATION; PATHWAYS; CHILDREN; EVENTS; CORTEX AB Patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, show impaired integration of information across different senses. The processing-level from which this impairment originates, however, remains unclear. We investigated low-level integration of auditory and visual stimuli in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder. High-functioning adult subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder as well as age- and IQ-matched adults were tested using a task that evokes illusory visual stimuli, by presenting sounds concurrently with visual flashes. In both groups the number of sounds presented significantly affected the number of flashes perceived, yet there was no difference between groups. This finding implicates that any problems arising from integrating auditory and visual information must stem from higher processing stages in high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. C1 Helmholtz Eye Dis Res Inst, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Dept Neurocognit, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP van der Smagt, MJ (reprint author), Helmholtz Eye Dis Res Inst, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. 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EM viktorialyons@eircom.net CR ASPERGER H, 1974, MED KLIN, V69, P2024 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Asperger H., 1938, WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR, V51, P1314 ASPERGERFELDER M, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME COLIN, 2006, COMMUNICATION Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 SCHIRMER B, 2002, AUTISMUS NS RASSENGE WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2022 EP 2023 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0383-3 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700020 PM 17922179 ER PT J AU Rapin, I AF Rapin, Isabelle TI Finding marisa: A mother's story. A guide to raising a child with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Rapin, I (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy Ctr, Room 807,1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM rapin@aecom.yu.edu CR RUBIN SA, 2007, FINDING MARISA MOTHE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2024 EP 2025 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0452-7 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 221OR UT WOS:000250237700021 ER PT J AU Correll, CU Kane, JM AF Correll, Christoph U. Kane, John M. TI One-year incidence rates of tardive dyskinesia in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics: A systematic review SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; LONG-TERM SAFETY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NEUROLEPTIC-RELATED DYSKINESIAS; OPEN-LABEL; BIPOLAR DISORDER; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; SUBAVERAGE INTELLIGENCE; OLANZAPINE TREATMENT; RISPERIDONE AB Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the 1-year risk of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for tardive dyskinesia (TD) in children and adolescents with assumed minimal past exposure to first-generation antipsychotics. Method: We performed a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of long-term studies with SGAs, lasting at least 11 months and reporting on new cases of TD in patients less than 18 years old. Results: In 10 studies, 783 youth (mean age: 9.74 years, 79.2% prepubertal, 81.6% male, 78.4% white) received risperidone (n = 737, mean dose: 1.58 mg/day), quetiapine (n = 27, mean dose: 378.7 mg/day), or olanzapine (n = 19, mean dose: 10.4 mg/day) for a weighted mean of 329.6 days. Diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorders (n = 688, 87.9%), bipolar disorder (n = 52, 6.6%), schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (n = 26, 3.3%) and autism spectrum disorders (n = 17, 2.2%). Eight studies were open-label trials, two were retrospective chart reviews, and none included a comparator. Overall, three new cases of TD emerged during long-term treatment with SGAs of up to 3 years, resulting in crude and annualized TD rates of 0.38% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.079-1.11) and 0.42% (95% CI, 0.087-1.24). The crude and annualized TD rates for risperidone (n = 737) were 0.27% (95% CI, 0.033-0.97) and 0.30% (95% CI, 0.037-1.10), respectively. In the two cases with information, TD resolved within weeks after antipsychotic discontinuation. Conclusions: Results across 10 studies suggest relatively low 1-year TD rates in pediatric patients treated with SGAs. However, the available data base is limited by the small sample size of studies with SGAs other than risperidone and by the use of relatively low doses, which may have obscured a potentially greater risk for TD in children and adolescents treated with higher total SGA doses and for longer durations. Large, long-term studies of various SGAs, using state-of-the art methodology, are needed before firm conclusions can be reached about the risk of TD in pediatric patients treated long-term with SGAs. C1 [Correll, Christoph U.; Kane, John M.] Zucker Hillside Hosp, N Shore Long Island Jewish Hlth Syst, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. [Correll, Christoph U.; Kane, John M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Kane, John M.] Feinstein Inst Med Res, N Shore Long Island Jewish Hlth Syst, Glen Oaks, NY USA. RP Correll, CU (reprint author), Zucker Hillside Hosp, N Shore Long Island Jewish Hlth Syst, 75-59 263rd St, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. EM ccorrell@lij.edu RI Correll, Christoph/D-3530-2011 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Campbell M, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P835, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199706000-00022 CHOUINARD G, 1980, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V7, P233 Connor DF, 2001, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V62, P967 Cooper WO, 2006, AMBUL PEDIATR, V6, P79, DOI 10.1016/j.ambp.2005.11.002 Correll CU, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P771, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000220851.94392.30 Correll CU, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P414, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.414 Correll CU, 2006, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V15, P177, DOI 10.1016/j.chc.2005.08.007 Corson AH, 2004, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V65, P1531 Croonenberghs J, 2005, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V44, P64, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000145805.24274.09 Findling RL, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P677, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.677 Frazier JA, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P960, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199908000-00011 Ghaemi SN, 2006, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V30, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.10.014 Glazer WM, 2000, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V61, P21 Guy W, 1976, 76338 ADM US DEP HLT, P534 Lee PE, 2005, J AM GERIATR SOC, V53, P1374, DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53418.x Margolese HC, 2005, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V50, P541 Masi G, 2006, EUR PSYCHIAT, V21, P51, DOI 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.11.010 Masi G, 2002, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V12, P93, DOI 10.1089/104454602760219135 Masi G, 2003, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V64, P1039 McConville B, 2003, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V13, P75, DOI 10.1089/104454603321666216 Mozes T, 2003, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V13, P311, DOI 10.1089/104454603322572642 Olfson M, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P679, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.679 Patel NC, 2006, ANN PHARMACOTHER, V40, P205, DOI 10.1345/aph.1G203 Pavuluri MN, 2006, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V16, P336, DOI 10.1089/cap.2006.16.336 Reyes M, 2006, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V15, P97, DOI 10.1007/s00787-006-0504-0 Reyes M, 2006, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V16, P260, DOI 10.1089/cap.2006.16.260 Safer DJ, 2004, J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM, V24, P429, DOI 10.1097/01.jcp.0000130558.86125.5b SCHOOLER NR, 1982, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V39, P486 SEEMAN P, 1987, SYNAPSE, V1, P399, DOI 10.1002/syn.890010503 Sikich L, 2004, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V29, P133, DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300327 Turgay A, 2002, PEDIATRICS, V110, DOI 10.1542/peds.110.3.e34 NR 32 TC 41 Z9 43 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1044-5463 J9 J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP JI J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1089/cap.2006.0117 PG 9 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 256QT UT WOS:000252745400009 PM 17979584 ER PT J AU DeSoto, NC Hitlan, RT AF DeSoto, N. Catherine Hitlan, Robert T. TI Blood levels of mercury are related to diagnosis of autism: A reanalysis of an important data set SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; mercury; environmental health; neurotoxin; neurodevelopment; blood ID CHILDREN AB The question of what is leading to the apparent increase in autism is of great importance. Like the link between aspirin and heart attack, even a small effect can have major health implications. If there is any link between autism and mercury, it is absolutely crucial that the first reports of the question are not falsely stating that no link occurs. We have reanalyzed the data set originally reported by Ip et al. in 2004 and have found that the original p value was in error and that a significant relation does exist between the blood levels of mercury and diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, the hair sample analysis results offer some support for the idea that persons with autism may be less efficient and more variable at eliminating mercury from the blood. C1 Univ No Iowa, Dept Psychol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. RP DeSoto, NC (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dept Psychol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. EM cathy.desoto@uni.edu CR Adams JB, 2007, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V70, P1046, DOI 10.1080/15287390601172080 Bernard S, 2001, MED HYPOTHESES, V56, P462, DOI 10.1054/mehy.2000.1281 Chrysochoou C, 2003, EUR J PEDIATR, V162, P559, DOI 10.1007/s00431-003-1239-2 Fido A, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P290, DOI 10.1177/1362361305053255 Gravetter F. J., 2005, ESSENTIALS STAT BEHA Holmes AS, 2003, INT J TOXICOL, V22, P277, DOI 10.1080/10915810390220054 Ip P, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P431 Kern JK, 2007, J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A, V70, P715, DOI 10.1080/15287390601188060 National Academy of Sciences, 2000, TOX EFF METH ROSNOW RL, 1989, AM PSYCHOL, V44, P1276, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.44.10.1276 Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group, 1988, NEW ENGL J MED, V318, P262, DOI DOI 10.1056/NEJM198801283180431 Tabachnik B.G., 2006, USING MULTIVARIATE S Walker SJ, 2006, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V27, P685, DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.003 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1177/0883073807307111 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 232SJ UT WOS:000251039400013 ER PT J AU Billstedt, E Gillberg, IC Gillberg, C AF Billstedt, Eva Gillberg, I. Carina Gillberg, Christopher TI Autism in adults: symptom patterns and early childhood predictors. Use of the DISCO in a community sample followed from childhood SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; the DISCO; community sample; adult outcome ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; 120 INDIVIDUALS; YOUNG-ADULTS; POPULATION; ADOLESCENCE; CHILDREN AB Background: Few studies have looked at the very long-term outcome of individuals with autism who were diagnosed in childhood. Methods: A longitudinal, prospective, community-based follow-up study of adults who had received the diagnosis of autism (classic and atypical) in childhood (n = 105) was conducted. A structured inter-view (the Diagnostic Interview for Social and COmmunication disorders the DISCO) was used in order to evaluate symptoms and symptom patterns 13-22 years after original diagnosis. Childhood measures, including IQ-level at time of childhood diagnosis and communicative speech registered before age 5 years, were studied in relation to the presence of autism symptoms at follow-up. Results: The classical and atypical autism groups were fairly homogeneously impaired in terms of symptoms in the social interaction category whereas other common childhood autism symptoms, including maladaptive and stereotyped behaviours, were more variable in the study group at follow-up. Odd responses to sensory stimuli were still extremely common. Speech before 5 years of age, IQ, gender, diagnosed medical disorder and onset of epilepsy before 5 years were variables that correlated to outcome on the DISCO algorithm for autistic spectrum disorders (Wing & Gould, 1979) concerning style and quality of social interaction, communication style and pattern of self-chosen activities. Conclusions: Social interaction problems were still present in the vast majority of adults with autism/atypical autism, but behavioural impairments were much more variable in adulthood. Almost all cases were reported to show persistent perceptual problems. Certain childhood measures were found to prospectively predict adult social interaction style, communication type, and pattern of self-chosen activities, which still met diagnostic criteria for autism/atypical autism in adulthood. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. 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Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1102 EP 1110 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01774.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 233HO UT WOS:000251082200008 PM 17995486 ER PT J AU Bishop, S Gahagan, S Lord, C AF Bishop, Somer Gahagan, Sheila Lord, Catherine TI Re-examining the core features of autism: a comparison of autism spectrum disorder and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS); Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R); social deficits; diagnosis; autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorder; diagnosis; fetal alcohol syndrome; social behavior; symptomatology ID DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY SCALES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; LIFE; AGE AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are both characterized by social difficulties, but overall clinical descriptions of the two disorders are different. Method: Twenty-nine children with autism and 33 children with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were compared to 29 children with FASD of equivalent age and full-scale IQ. To isolate social deficits that are most unique to ASD, all participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Parents of the children completed the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Results: Difficulties in initiating social interaction, sharing affect, and using nonverbal communication were common in children with ASD but rare in children with FASD. Socially inappropriate behaviors and difficulty with peers were common in both groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that whereas propensity for social interaction appears to be a differentiating factor between children with ASD and those with non-spectrum disorders, impaired quality of social interaction may be less diagnostically discriminative. C1 Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bishop, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, 1111 E Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1111 EP 1121 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01782.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 233HO UT WOS:000251082200009 PM 17995487 ER PT J AU Magnee, MJCM de Gelder, B van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Magnee, Maurice J. C. M. de Gelder, Beatrice van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI Facial electromyographic responses to emotional information from faces and voices in individuals with pervasive developmental disorder SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; emotional processing; facial expressions; voice prosody; electromyography (EMG); multisensory perception ID YOUNG AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; NEURAL MECHANISMS; BRAIN RESPONSES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EXPRESSIONS; RECOGNITION; AMYGDALA; PEOPLE; PERCEPTION; IMITATION AB Background: Despite extensive research, it is still debated whether impairments in social skills of individuals with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are related to specific deficits in the early processing of emotional information. We aimed to test both automatic processing of facial affect as well as the integration of auditory and visual emotion cues in individuals with PDD. Methods: In a group of high-functioning adult individuals with PDD and an age- and IQ-matched control group, we measured facial electromyography (EMG) following presentation of visual emotion stimuli (facial expressions) as well as the presentation of audiovisual emotion pairs (faces plus voices). This emotionally driven EMG activity is considered to be a direct correlate of automatic affect processing that is not under intentional control. Results: Our data clearly indicate that among individuals with PDD facial EMG activity is heightened in response to happy and fearful faces, and intact in response to audiovisual affective information. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for enhanced sensitivity to facial cues at the level of reflex-like emotional responses in individuals with PDD. Furthermore, the findings argue against impairments in crossmodal affect processing at this level of perception. However, given how little comparative work has been done in the area of multisensory perception, there is certainly need for further exploration. C1 Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. Tilburg Univ, Lab Cognit & Affect Neurosci, Tilburg, Netherlands. Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Sect Biol Dev Psychol, Maastricht, Netherlands. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Magnee, MJCM (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, B01-201,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1122 EP 1130 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01779.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 233HO UT WOS:000251082200010 PM 17995488 ER PT J AU Leekam, S Tandos, J McConachie, H Meins, E Parkinson, K Wright, C Turner, M Arnott, B Vittorini, L Le Couteur, A AF Leekam, Susan Tandos, Jonathan McConachie, Helen Meins, Elizabeth Parkinson, Kathryn Wright, Charlotte Turner, Michelle Arnott, Bronia Vittorini, Lucia Le Couteur, Ann TI Repetitive behaviours in typically developing 2-year-olds SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; factor analysis; pre-school children; questionnaires; repetitive behaviours ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; AUTISTIC TRAITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; INTERESTS; CHECKLIST; INFANTS AB Background: Repetitive behaviours are an essential part of the diagnosis of autism but are also commonly seen in typically developing children. The current study investigated the frequency and factor structure of repetitive behaviours in a large community sample of 2-year-olds. Methods: A new measure, the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire (RBQ-2) was completed by 679 parents. Results: The RBQ-2 had good psychometric properties. A four-factor model provided the best fit for the data, accounting for 51% of the variance, and suggested 4 sub-scales: unusual sensory interests, repetitive motor movements, rigidity/adherence to routine and preoccupations with restricted patterns of interest. These sub-scales closely resembled repetitive behaviour subtypes within the ICD-10 criteria for autism. Repetitive behaviours of every type were frequently reported. Higher scores were found for all children, and especially boys, on the subscale relating to preoccupations with restricted patterns of interests. Conclusion: The results support the proposal that repetitive behaviours represent a continuum of functioning that extends to the typically developing child population. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Leekam, S (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Sci Site,South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM S.R.Leekam@durham.ac.uk RI Leekam, Susan/A-1773-2010 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bishop DVM, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P879, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002832 Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855 Constantino JN, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P524, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 Cuccaro ML, 2003, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V34, P3, DOI 10.1023/A:1025321707947 Evans DW, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P58, DOI 10.2307/1131925 Greaves N, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P92, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00726.x Honey E., 2006, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders HONEY E, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DIS OCT Knickmeyer R, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P198, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00349.x LeCouteur A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P785 LEEKAM SR, 1996, 5 C AUT EUR BARC APR Lewis MH, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P80, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<80::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-0 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x MacDonald R, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P266, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.01.004 Patterson J, 2002, ARCH DIS CHILD, V87, P468, DOI 10.1136/adc.87.6.468 Piven J, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P708, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80093-1 Rutter M, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P1092, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00194 Shao YJ, 2003, AM J HUM GENET, V72, P539, DOI 10.1086/367846 SHEARER H, 2001, THESIS U DURHAM Skuse DH, 2005, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V187, P568, DOI 10.1192/bjp.187.6.568 Szatmari P, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P582, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01537.x Tabachnick B.G., 1996, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V2nd THELEN E, 1979, ANIM BEHAV, V27, P699, DOI 10.1016/0003-3472(79)90006-X Townsend P, 1988, HLTH DEPRIVATION INE TROSTER H, 1991, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V19, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF00925821 Turk J., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P175, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012005 TURNER M, 1996, THESIS U CAMBDRIDGE Turner M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P839, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004278 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE Wing L., 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM Wing L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P307, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00023 ZANDT F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DIS JUL NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2007 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01778.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 233HO UT WOS:000251082200011 PM 17995489 ER PT J AU Girolametto, L Sussman, F Weitzman, E AF Girolametto, Luigi Sussman, Fem Weitzman, Elaine TI Using case study methods to investigate the effects of interactive intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autisin; interactive intervention; responsiveness; case study; parent-child interaction ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRESCHOOLERS; TODDLERS; LANGUAGE; SPEECH AB Purpose: The purpose of this multiple case study was to describe outcomes for three parents and their children following participation in a social interactive model of language intervention. More specifically, this study sought to clarify if changes in children's participation, engagement, and initiation of social interaction could be observed following an 11-week intervention. Method: Three preschool children with autism spectrum disorders and their mothers participated in an 11-week intervention program. The intervention taught parents to follow the children's lead, promote children's participation in routines, and model language at the children's level. Outcome measures included estimates of parents' responsive language input, and measures of children's rate of communication, number of engagements in social interaction, and initiations. Results: The results indicated that all three mothers increased their responsive comments during play interactions and were rated as being more responsive on a rating scale. All three children evidenced positive outcomes in vocabulary and the number of engagements in social interaction. In addition, improvement was observed in social initiation skills for all three children. Conclusions: Increases in mothers' responsiveness and children's engagement in social interactions are consistent with the theoretical mechanisms of the social interaction model of language intervention. The results suggest that further randomized control trials of this intervention approach are warranted. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Speech Language Pathol, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. Hanen Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Girolametto, L (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Speech Language Pathol, 160-500 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. EM l.girolametto@utoronto.ca; fern.sussman@hanen.org; elaine.weitzman@hanen.org CR Aldred C, 2001, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V36, P469 Aldred C., 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P1 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bohannon J. 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PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 470 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.11.001 PG 23 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 220UH UT WOS:000250182300003 PM 17169368 ER PT J AU Straver, E AF Straver, Elske TI Empathy and propositional knowledge SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Article ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; SOCIAL COGNITION; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; AUTISM; OTHERS; HUMANS; MINDS AB Empathy is often described as an evolutionary tool that helps humans manoeuvre between the complexities of our social hierarchy. As it allows us to understand other people intentions, it is often categorized as an element of social cognition that can lead to a form of know-how. This paper will argue that empathy can lead to more than know-how. Using data from psychology and neuroscience, I will sketch empathizing as a reliable process. 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Conscious. Stud. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 14 IS 11 BP 43 EP 60 PG 18 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 222BM UT WOS:000250271100003 ER PT J AU Rampton, TB Rosemann, JL Latta, AL Mandleco, BL Roper, SO Dyches, TT AF Rampton, Tammy B. Rosemann, Jessica L. Latta, Aimee L. Mandleco, Barbara L. Roper, Susanne Olsen Dyches, Tina T. TI Images of life siblings of children with Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; photography; childbearing/child rearing; family/participant group ID AUTISM; DISABILITIES; ADJUSTMENT; PERSPECTIVES; PHOTOGRAPHY; PHOTOVOICE; EXPERIENCE; FAMILIES; STRESS AB This qualitative, descriptive study used photography to capture important symbols in the lives of 16 siblings living in families raising a child with Down syndrome (CWDS). Content analysis revealed two categories: people/nonpeople. The people category included family members and friends, whereas the nonpeople category included objects, animals, and buildings. Similarities/differences also were noted according to age and gender. Seven- to 9-year-olds took more snapshots of themselves and their parents than did the other age groups; the 10-to 12-year-olds and 13- to 15-year-olds took more photographs of the CWDS than did the younger age group. Female siblings took more snapshots of their typically developing brothers/sisters, family members in mixed groups, and people not in their family than did male siblings. Male siblings took more photographs of their parents and themselves. Results validate the importance of gathering qualitative data from children and confirm the use of photography as one of these methods. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Coll Nursing, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Sch Family Life, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Counseling Psychol & Special Educ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 420 EP 442 DI 10.1177/1074840707308580 PG 23 WC Family Studies; Nursing SC Family Studies; Nursing GA 238UC UT WOS:000251472200003 PM 18180468 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI New program funded by NIH to investigate Autism SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 331 EP 332 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 252NT UT WOS:000252453900005 ER PT J AU Ashoori, A Jankovic, J AF Ashoori, Aidin Jankovic, Joseph TI Mozart's movements and behaviour: a case of Tourette's syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; MEDICAL HISTORY; DISORDER; SAVANT; AUTISM; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; MUSIC; BRAIN AB In this review, we intend to explore the often asked question: "Did Mozart have Tourette's syndrome?'' Although there are numerous reports attributing Mozart's peculiar personality and behaviour to a spectrum of neurobehavioural disorders such as Tourette's syndrome, autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection, the evidence for any of these disorders is lacking. Whether Mozart's behaviour was nothing more than a reflection of his unique personality or a more complex neurological disorder, aggravated later in life by enormous demands by his father and society, his behaviour has been the subject of many biographies. It will also remain unknown to what extent his accomplishments and failures were shaped by his childhood experiences, pressured lifestyle, and his innate genius and extraordinary talent. Lessons from his life may have important implications for other gifted individuals and savants whose special attributes may lead them to succeed or, on the other hand, suppress their emotional growth and make them more vulnerable to stress and failure. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Parkinsons Dis Ctr, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Movement Disorders Clin, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Jankovic, J (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Parkinsons Dis Ctr, Dept Neurol, Smith Tower,Suite 1801,6550 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry PD NOV PY 2007 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1171 EP 1175 DI 10.1136/jnnp.2007.114520 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA 225LE UT WOS:000250518600004 PM 17940168 ER PT J AU Whitelaw, C Flett, P Amor, DJ AF Whitelaw, Charlotte Flett, Peter Amor, David J. TI Recurrence risk in autism spectrum disorder: A study of parental knowledge SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE autism; genetic counselling; recurrence risk ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; TWIN AB Aim: To describe recurrence risk information currently being obtained by families affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Methods: Structured telephone interview of parents of 21 children who received a diagnosis of ASD at Calvary Health Care Tasmania, Hobart, Australia between May 2005 and May 2006. Results: Only one of the 21 parents knew their true recurrence risk. Many overestimated their risk substantially, and in four cases this had led to a decision against increasing family size. Eleven parents said they had received no information about recurrence risk, and only one cited medical practitioners as a source of information about recurrence risk. Conclusion: Current provision of information about recurrence risk to families affected by ASD is inadequate. C1 Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Royal Hobart Hosp, Tasmanian Clin Genet Serv, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Amor, DJ (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1498 EP 1499 DI 10.1097/01.chi000270787.87916.0f PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 223GO UT WOS:000250358100014 ER PT J AU Toma, C Rossi, M Sousa, I Blasi, F Bacchelli, E Alen, R Vanhala, R Monaco, AP Jarvela, I Maestrini, E AF Toma, C. Rossi, M. Sousa, I. Blasi, F. Bacchelli, E. Alen, R. Vanhala, R. Monaco, A. P. Jaervelae, I. Maestrini, E. CA IMGSAC TI Is ASMT a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorders? A replication study in European populations SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Bologna, Int Mol Genet Study Autism IMGSAC, Bologna, Italy. Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Toma, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Int Mol Genet Study Autism IMGSAC, Bologna, Italy. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 12 IS 11 BP 977 EP 979 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4002069 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 223YS UT WOS:000250412700002 PM 17957233 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, LS Davies, W Isles, AR AF Wilkinson, Lawrence S. Davies, William Isles, Anthony R. TI Genomic imprinting effects on brain development and function SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; P75 NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTOR; MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; E6-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE-BRAIN; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AB In a small fraction of mammalian genes - at present estimated at less than 1% of the total - one of the two alleles that is inherited by the offspring is partially or completely switched off. 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N. Am. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 495 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nic.2007.07.007 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 236OT UT WOS:000251313300011 PM 17983966 ER PT J AU van Daalen, E Swinkels, SHN Dietz, C van Engeland, H Buitelaar, JK AF van Daalen, Emma Swinkels, Sophie H. N. Dietz, Claudine van Engeland, Herman Buitelaar, Jan K. TI Body length and head growth in the first year of life in autism SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; CIRCUMFERENCE; BRAIN; NEUROTROPHINS; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS AB Data on the growth of the head in the first year of life in children with autism spectrum disorders are inconsistent. We measured head circumference and body length during the first year of life, and determined whether the head grew in proportion to body length. This is a case-control study nested in a population-based screening study of autism spectrum disorders. Longitudinal data for head circumference and body length of 53 children with autism spectrum disorders were compared with those of a control group and population norms, using univariate and multilevel statistical modeling. Growth of body length was accelerated, but growth of head circumference was normal in children with autism spectrum disorders compared with controls in the first year of life. The rate of macrocephaly we detected in the first year of life in our sample, 11.3%, fits within the 95% confidence intervals of macrocephaly rates in previous studies. Our findings suggest that autism spectrum disorder is due to a dysregulation of growth in general, rather than to a dysregulation of neuronal growth in the brain. It is unclear whether this early, disproportionate growth of children with autism spectrum disorders is specific to the disorder, and whether this growth could serve as a biomarker to delineate more homogeneous subtypes of autism spectrum disorders. (C) 2007 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Radbound Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP van Daalen, E (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, HP B01-201,POB 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. 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Neurol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 37 IS 5 BP 324 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.06.006 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 226VH UT WOS:000250616100003 PM 17950417 ER PT J AU Myers, SM Johnson, CP AF Myers, Scott M. Johnson, Chris Plauche CA Council Children Disabilities TI Management of children with autism spectrum disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; Asperger syndrome; pervasive developmental disorders; complementary and alternative medicine; early intervention ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; CROSSOVER PILOT TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOUBLE-BLIND; SLEEP PROBLEMS; OPEN-LABEL; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION AB Pediatricians have an important role not only in early recognition and evaluation of autism spectrum disorders but also in chronic management of these disorders. The primary goals of treatment are to maximize the child's ultimate functional independence and quality of life by minimizing the core autism spectrum disorder features, facilitating development and learning, promoting socialization, reducing maladaptive behaviors, and educating and supporting families. To assist pediatricians in educating families and guiding them toward empirically supported interventions for their children, this report reviews the educational strategies and associated therapies that are the primary treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders. Optimization of health care is likely to have a positive effect on habilitative progress, functional outcome, and quality of life; therefore, important issues, such as management of associated medical problems, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intervention for challenging behaviors or coexisting mental health conditions, and use of complementary and alternative medical treatments, are also addressed. 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CA Coun Children Disabil TI Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; CLINICAL GENETIC EVALUATION; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; JOINT ATTENTION SKILLS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN AB Autism spectrum disorders are not rare; many primary care pediatricians care for several children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatricians play an important role in early recognition of autism spectrum disorders, because they usually are the first point of contact for parents. Parents are now much more aware of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders because of frequent coverage in the media; if their child demonstrates any of the published signs, they will most likely raise their concerns to their child's pediatrician. It is important that pediatricians be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and have a strategy for assessing them systematically. Pediatricians also must be aware of local resources that can assist in making a definitive diagnosis of, and in managing, autism spectrum disorders. The pediatrician must be familiar with developmental, educational, and community resources as well as medical subspecialty clinics. This clinical report is 1 of 2 documents that replace the original American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and technical report published in 2001. This report addresses background information, including definition, history, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, early signs, neuropathologic aspects, and etiologic possibilities in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, this report provides an algorithm to help the pediatrician develop a strategy for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. The accompanying clinical report addresses the management of children with autism spectrum disorders and follows this report on page 1162 [ available at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1162]. Both clinical reports are complemented by the toolkit titled" Autism: Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Toolkit for Clinicians," which contains screening and surveillance tools, practical forms, tables, and parent handouts to assist the pediatrician in the identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorders in children. 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334 TC 468 Z9 479 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2007 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1215 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 PG 33 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 226WJ UT WOS:000250618900031 PM 17967920 ER PT J AU Bejerot, S Humble, M AF Bejerot, Susanne Humble, Mats TI Relevance of motor skill problems in victims of bullying SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTISM; ADOLESCENTS; SELF C1 Karolinska Inst, Sect Psychiat St Goran, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden. Univ Sjukhuset MAS, Biol Psychiat Res Grp, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden. RP Bejerot, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Sect Psychiat St Goran, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-11281 Stockholm, Sweden. 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TI Examination of the reliability and factor structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a non-clinical sample SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum quotient; spectrum disorders; AD; high functioning autism; autism; factor analysis ID GENERAL-POPULATION; PHENOTYPE AB A self-report screening measure for high functioning autism spectrum disorders is needed for diagnostic screening and research purposes. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) has been developed for these reasons, although a comprehensive assessment of the psychometric properties of the AQ has not been completed. The purpose of the current study was to assess the distribution, internal consistency, and factor structure of the AQ in a non-clinical sample (n = 1005). The current findings demonstrate the normal distribution of autistic traits and support a three-factor structure of the AQ. Additionally, a three-factor version of the AQ yielded somewhat improved internal consistency. Implications of these findings and suggestions for further development of the AQ as a measure of the autism spectrum are offered. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. RP Hurst, RM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. 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PD NOV PY 2007 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1938 EP 1949 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.012 PG 12 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 231WI UT WOS:000250979500028 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Autism genome-scan data released to open-access database by the Autism Consortium SO PERSONALIZED MEDICINE LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1741-0541 J9 PERS MED JI Pers. Med. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 392 EP 392 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 241EI UT WOS:000251639300008 ER PT J AU Bonthius, DJ Perlman, S AF Bonthius, Daniel J. Perlman, Stanley TI Congenital viral infections of the brain: Lessons learned from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in the neonatal rat SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Review ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM DISEASE; MOUSE OLFACTORY BULB; ALPHA-DYSTROGLYCAN; CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA; PRENATAL INFECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLS; MIGRATION; RECEPTOR; NEURONS AB The fetal brain is highly vulnerable to teratogens, including many infectious agents. As a consequence of prenatal infection, many children suffer severe and permanent brain injury and dysfunction. Because most animal models of congenital brain infection do not strongly mirror human disease, the models are highly limited in their abilities to shed light on the pathogenesis of these diseases. The animal model for congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV) infection, however, does not suffer from this limitation. LCMV is a well-known human pathogen. When the infection occurs during pregnancy, the virus can infect the fetus, and the developing brain is particularly vulnerable. Children with congenital LCMV infection often have substantial neurological deficits. The neonatal rat inoculated with LCMV is a superb model system of human congenital LCMV infection. Virtually all of the neuropathologic changes observed in humans congenitally infected with LCMV, including microencephaly, encephalomalacia, chorioretinitis, porencephalic cysts, neuronal migration disturbances, periventricular infection, and cerebellar hypoplasia, are reproduced in the rat model. Within the developing rat brain, LCMV selectively targets mitotically active neuronal precursors. Thus, the targets of infection and sites of pathology depend on host age at the time of infection. The rat model has further shown that the pathogenic changes induced by LCMV infection are both virus-mediated and immune-mediated. Furthermore, different brain regions simultaneously infected with LCMV can undergo widely different pathologic changes, reflecting different brain region-virus-immune system interactions. Because the neonatal rat inoculated with LCMV so faithfully reproduces the diverse neuropathology observed in the human counterpart, the rat model system is a highly valuable tool for the study of congenital LCMV infection and of all prenatal brain infections In addition, because LCMV induces delayed-onset neuronal loss after the virus has been cleared, the neonatal rat infected with LCMV may be an excellent model system to study neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases whose etiologies are hypothesized to be virus-induced, such as autism, schizophrenia, and temporal lobe epilepsy. C1 Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Iowa City, IA USA. 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TI Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes SO PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE anorexia nervosa; social cognition; autism; interpersonal functioning; eating disorders ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; NORMALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD FEEDING PROBLEMS; MATERNAL EATING-DISORDER; FRONTAL-LOBE DYSFUNCTION AB Death by suicide occurs in a disproportionate percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), with a standardized mortality ratio indicating a 57-fold greater risk of death from suicide relative to an age-matched cohort. Longitudinal studies indicate impaired social functioning increases risk for fatal outcomes, while social impairment persists following recovery. Study of social cognition in AN may elucidate impaired processes that may influence therapeutic efficacy. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are overrepresented in those who evidence a chronic course. Relative to that in AN, social information processing in ASD is well characterized and may inform systematic study in AN. This article (a) reviews impaired interpersonal processes in AN, (b) compares the phenotype of AN with that of ASD, (c) highlights deficits of social cognitive disturbance in ASD relative to AN, and (d) proposes a new framework to understand the interaction of individuals with AN with their social context. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Zucker, NL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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Bull. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 976 EP 1006 DI 10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.976 PG 31 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 223TQ UT WOS:000250395600007 PM 17967091 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Nebel-Schwalm, M AF Matson, Johnny L. Nebel-Schwalm, Marie TI Assessing challenging behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders: A review SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; challenging behaviors; assessment ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; RETARDED-ADULTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FUNCTION QABF; RETT-SYNDROME; RATING-SCALE; AGGRESSION AB A common covarying group of behaviors with ASD are self-injury, aggression, noncompliance, and stereotypies. These problems and related challenging behaviors are problematic in that they are physically dangerous and can impede learning and access to normal activities. Additionally, they require a considerable amount of resources, and compound the difficulty in treating core ASD symptoms. Despite the high profile challenging behaviors present in this population, there has not been a great deal of research regarding assessment, identification, and monitoring of such difficulties. This review covers available empirical based methods for assessing these behaviors. A discussion is provided of potential avenues for future research and clinical practice which is urgently needed for ASD children at this time. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Many studies of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) use pregnant rodents mated at the supplier, which consequently suffer from the stress of shipping and of environmental changes. Here, we demonstrated differences in the developmental neurotoxicity induced by valproate (VPA) between pregnant rats mated at our own animal facility (in-house group) and rats purchased pregnant (supplier group). Rats were treated with VPA (800 mg/kg) orally on gestation day (GD) 9 or 11 (VPAE9 or VPAE11), and the fetal brain was examined at embryonic day 14 using immunohistochemistry for TuJ1 (a marker for immature neurons). The size of the fetal brain was also measured. The treatment decreased fetal live viability and fetal body weight only in the supplier group. VPA treatment on either day impaired the development of TO I-positive neurons in the cerebral cortex. The size of the forebrain was also affected by VPA. The supplier group was much more sensitive to these toxic effects. 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We speculate that excess neuron numbers may be one possible cause of early brain overgrowth and produce defects in neural patterning and wiring, with exuberant local and short-distance cortical interactions impeding the function of large-scale, long-distance interactions between brain regions. Because large-scale networks underlie socio-emotional and communication functions, such alterations in brain architecture could relate to the early clinical manifestations of autism. As such, autism may additionally provide unique insight into genetic and developmental processes that shape early neural wiring patterns and make possible higher-order social, emotional, and communication functions. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Autism Ctr Excellence, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 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Rivera, Susan M. Amaral, David G. Van Essen, David C. TI Cortical folding abnormalities in autism revealed by surface-based morphometry SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; MRI; Asperger's syndrome; intraparietal sulcus; inferior frontal gyrus; cortex; connectivity ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PRIMATE CEREBRAL-CORTEX; HUMAN PARIETAL CORTEX; MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POSTERIOR PARIETAL; SOCIAL COGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN AB We tested for cortical shape abnormalities using surface-based morphometry across a range of autism spectrum disorders (7.5-18 years of age). We generated sulcal depth maps from structural magnetic resonance imaging data and compared typically developing controls to three autism spectrum disorder subgroups: low-functioning autism, high-functioning autism, and Asperger's syndrome. The low-functioning autism group had a prominent shape abnormality centered on the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus that was associated with a sulcal depth difference in the anterior insula and frontal operculum. The high-functioning autism group had bilateral shape abnormalities similar to the low-functioning group, but smaller in size and centered more posteriorly, in and near the parietal operculum and ventral postcentral gyrus. Individuals with Asperger's syndrome had bilateral abnormalities in the intraparietal sulcus that correlated with age, intelligence quotient, and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised social and repetitive behavior scores. Because of evidence suggesting age-related differences in the developmental time course of neural alterations in autism, separate analyses on children (7.5-12.5 years of age) and adolescents (12.75-18 years of age) were also carried out. All of the cortical shape abnormalities identified across all ages were more pronounced in the children. These findings are consistent with evidence of an altered trajectory of early brain development in autism, and they identify several regions that may have abnormal patterns of connectivity in individuals with autism. C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, MIND, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nordahl, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND, 2805 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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From 1994 to 2000 overall uptake: (1) fell significantly from 91.1 % in 1994 to 89.8% (chi(2) for trend p < 0.001) in 2000, (2) in Asian children significantly increased (chi(2) for trend p < 0.001), and (3) in White children significantly decreased (chi(2) for trend p < 0.001). Differences between ethnic groups with the highest (Asian) and the lowest (Black Caribbean) uptake rates increased from 2. 1 % in 1994 (p = ns) to 6.8% in 2000 (p < 0.001). This study suggests underlying ethnic inequalities in MMR vaccine uptake and differential response to adverse vaccine publicity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy, Reg Surveillance Unit W Midlands, Birmingham B2 4DY, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Dept Publ Hlth & Epidemiol, Hlth Protect Res & Dev Unit, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. W Midlands E Hlth Protect Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy, Birmingham B16 9PA, W Midlands, England. Moseley Hall Hosp, S Birmingham NHS PCT, Birmingham B13 8JL, W Midlands, England. Eastern Birmingham NHS PCT, Aston B7 4AA, England. RP Olowokure, B (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Reg Surveillance Unit W Midlands, 9th Floor Ladywood House,45 Stephenson St, Birmingham B2 4DY, W Midlands, England. 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Hohmann, John G. TI Insights from spatially mapped gene expression in the mouse brain SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Review ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY; AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RGS4 MESSENGER-RNA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; MICE LACKING; SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION; DOPAMINE NEURODYNAMICS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES AB The growing number of publicly available databases of murine gene expression arising from genomic-scale transcriptome/proteome profiling projects allows open access to information about genes potentially involved in diseases and disorders of the brain. The use of various methodologies by myriad projects provides complementary types of information, ranging from easily quantifiable microarray data for gross brain regions, to transcript tag analysis and proteomic characterization. One mode of gene expression analysis that has recently been widely adopted is the utilization of colorimetric in situ hybridization. This approach is adaptable for high throughput production, and provides a reproducible, scaleable platform for large datasets. The Allen Brain Atlas in particular has utilized this technology to produce a genomic-scale anatomical digital atlas of gene expression in the adult male mouse brain. The availability of global datasets with cellular level spatial resolution, which can be easily parsed due to accessible informatics-derived image analysis tools, can provide both high level and detailed insights into gene regulation. This article reviews various gene expression profiling projects in the mouse brain, how these data sets are increasingly used to complement other studies and applications of these datasets to further understanding of neurological disease. C1 Allen Inst Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Sunkin, SM (reprint author), Allen Inst Brain Sci, 551 N 34th St, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. 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The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural basis of EFT performance in 7- to 12-year-old ASD children and age- and IQ-matched controls. ASD children activated only a subset of the distributed network of regions activated in controls. In frontal cortex, control children activated left dorsolateral, medial and dorsal premotor regions whereas ASD children only activated the dorsal premotor region. In parietal and occipital cortices, activation was bilateral in control children but unilateral (left superior parietal and right occipital) in ASD children. Further, extensive bilateral ventral temporal activation was observed in control, but not ASD children. ASD children performed the EFT at the same level as controls but with reduced cortical involvement, suggesting that disembedded visual processing is accomplished parsimoniously by ASD relative to typically developing brains. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NIMH, Div Pediat Translat Res & Treatment Dev, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Childrens Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Vaidya, CJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, 306 White Gravenor Hall, Washington, DC 20057 USA. 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Pruette, Autumn L. Mistry, Shilpa T. Chen, Yeting H. Kilgard, Michael P. TI Sensory experience determines enrichment-induced plasticity in rat auditory cortex SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE acetylcholine; nucleus basalis ID CHOLINERGIC BASAL FOREBRAIN; PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; CAT VISUAL-CORTEX; 192 IGG-SAPORIN; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; NGF RECEPTOR; CORTICAL PLASTICITY AB our previous studies demonstrated that only a few days of housing in an enriched environment increases response strength and paired-pulse depression in the auditory cortex of awake and anesthetized rats [Engineer, N.D., Percaccio, C.R., Pandya, P,K., Moucha, R., Rathbun, D.L., Kilgard, M.P., 2004. Environmental enrichment improves response strength, threshold, selectivity, and latency of auditory cortex neurons. J Neurophysiol. 92, 73-82 and Percaccio, C.R., Engineer, N.D., Pruette, A.L., Pandya, P.K., Moucha, R., Rathbun, D.L., Kilgard, M.P., 2005. Environmental enrichment increases paired-pulse depression in rat auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 94, 3590-3600]. Multiple environmental and neurochemical factors likely contribute to the expression of this plasticity. In the current study, we examined the contribution of social stimulation, exercise, auditory exposure, and cholinergic modulation to enrichment-induced plasticity. We recorded epidural evoked potentials from awake rats in response to tone pairs and noise bursts. Auditory evoked responses were not altered by social stimulation or exercise. Rats that could hear the enriched environment, but not interact with it, exhibited enhanced responses to tones and increased paired-pulse depression. The degree to which enrichment increased response strength and forward masking was not reduced after a ventricular injection of 192 IgG-saporin. These results indicate that rich auditory experience stimulates physiological plasticity in the auditory cortex, despite persistent deficits in cholinergic activity. This conclusion may be beneficial to clinical populations with sensory gating and cholinergic abnormalities, including individuals with autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Program Neurosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Percaccio, CR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Learning & Brain Sci, Box 357988, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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PD OCT 12 PY 2007 VL 1174 BP 76 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.062 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 226TU UT WOS:000250612200009 PM 17854780 ER PT J AU Ferguson, C Hardy, SL Werner, DF Hileman, SM DeLorey, TM Homanics, GE AF Ferguson, Carolyn Hardy, Steven L. Werner, David F. Hileman, Stanley M. DeLorey, Timothy M. Homanics, Gregg E. TI New insight into the role of the beta 3 subunit of the GABA(A)-R in development, behavior, body weight regulation, and anesthesia revealed by conditional gene knockout SO BMC NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RECEPTOR; A RECEPTOR; BETA-3 SUBUNIT; BETA(3) SUBUNIT; CLEFT-PALATE; RAT-BRAIN; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; GABRB3 GENE; STEM-CELLS AB Background: The beta 3 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A)-R) has been reported to be important for palate formation, anesthetic action, and normal nervous system function. This subunit has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of Angelman syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. To further investigate involvement of this subunit, we previously produced mice with a global knockout of beta 3. However, developmental abnormalities, compensation, reduced viability, and numerous behavioral abnormalities limited the usefulness of that murine model. To overcome many of these limitations, a mouse line with a conditionally inactivated beta 3 gene was engineered. Results: Gene targeting and embryonic stem cell technologies were used to create mice in which exon 3 of the beta 3 subunit was flanked by loxP sites (i.e., floxed). Crossing the floxed beta 3 mice to a cre general deleter mouse line reproduced the phenotype of the previously described global knockout. Pan-neuronal knockout of beta 3 was achieved by crossing floxed beta 3 mice to Synapsin l-cre transgenic mice. Palate development was normal in pan-neuronal beta 3 knockouts but similar to 61% died as neonates. Survivors were overtly normal, fertile, and were less sensitive to etomidate. Forebrain selective knockout of beta 3 was achieved using alpha CamKll-cre transgenic mice. Palate development was normal in forebrain selective beta 3 knockout mice. These knockouts survived the neonatal period, but similar to 30% died between 15-25 days of age. Survivors had reduced reproductive fitness, reduced sensitivity to etomidate, were hyperactive, and some became obese. Conclusion: Conditional inactivation of the beta 3 gene revealed novel insight into the function of this GABA(A)-R subunit. The floxed beta 3 knockout mice described here will be very useful for conditional knockout studies to further investigate the role of the beta 3 subunit in development, ethanol and anesthetic action, normal physiology, and pathophysiologic processes. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Anesthesiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pharmacol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Program Mol Pharmacol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Physiol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Mol Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. Fairmont State Univ, Dept Allied Hlth Diagnost, Fairmont, WV 26554 USA. RP Homanics, GE (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Anesthesiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. 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TI Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of A2BP1/FOX1 as a candidate gene for autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cytogenetic imbalance; copy number variation; association analysis; splicing factor; RNA binding ID CHROMOSOME 16P; FOX-1; ASSOCIATION; HOMOLOGS; DISORDER; ATAXIN-2; ORTHOLOG; LINKAGE; ELEGANS; PROTEIN AB Cytogenetic imbalances are increasingly being realized as causes of autism. Here, we report a de novo translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 15 and 16 in a female with autism, epilepsy, and global developmental delay. FISH analysis identified a cryptic deletion of approximately 160 kb at the boundary of the first exon and first intron of the 1.7 Mb ataxin-2 binding protein-1 (A2BP1) gene, also called FOX1. Quantitative real time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis verified a deletion of exon 1 in the 5'promoter region of the A2BP1 gene. Reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) showed reduced mRNA expression in the individual's lymphocytes, demonstrating the functional consequence of the deletion. A2BP1 codes for a brainexpressed RNA binding or splicing factor. Because of emerging evidence in the role of RNA processing and gene regulation in pervasive developmental disorders, we performed further screening of A2BP1 in additional individuals with autism from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection. Twenty-seven SNPs were genotyped across A2BP1 in 206 parent-child trios and two regions showed association at P <= 0.008 level. No additional deletions or clear mutations were identified in 88 probands by resequencing of all exons and surrounding intronic regions or quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) of exon 1. Although only nominal association was observed, and no obvious causal mutations were identified, these results suggest that A2BP1 may affect susceptibility or cause autism in a subset of patients. 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Rosenmund, Christian TI MeCP2 controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating glutamatergic synapse number SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; NMDA RECEPTOR SUBUNITS; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; RETT-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS; PLASTICITY; MUTATIONS; AUTISM AB dMeCP2 is a transcriptional repressor critical for normal neurological function. Prior studies demonstrated that either loss or doubling of MeCP2 results in postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. To understand the impact of MeCP2 expression on neuronal function, we studied the synaptic properties of individual neurons from mice that either lack or express twice the normal levels of MeCP2. Hippocampal glutamatergic neurons that lack MeCP2 display a 46% reduction in synaptic response, whereas neurons with doubling of MeCP2 exhibit a 2-fold enhancement in synaptic response. Further analysis shows that these changes were primarily due to the number of synapses formed. 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Autosomal forms are far more common than X-linked forms, but, in contrast to the latter, they are still largely unexplored. Here, we report a complex mutation in the ionotropic glutamate receptor 6 gene (GRIK2, also called "GLUR6") that cosegregates with moderate-to-severe nonsyndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation in a large, consanguineous Iranian family. The predicted gene product lacks the first ligand-binding domain, the adjacent transmembrane domain, and the putative pore loop, suggesting a complete loss of function of the GLU(K6) protein, which is supported by electrophysiological data. This finding provides the first proof that GLU(K6) is indispensable for higher brain functions in humans, and future studies of this and other ionotropic kainate receptors will shed more light on the pathophysiology of mental retardation. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Dept Human Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Charite Univ Med Berlin, Ctr Res Neurosci, Berlin, Germany. 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TI Early diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders (18-36 months) SO ARCHIVOS ARGENTINOS DE PEDIATRIA LA Spanish DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; screening tools; childhood development disorders; assessment; early diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION; FOLLOW-UP; AGE; PREVALENCE; TIME AB There is a delay in the early identification of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Many factors contribute to this delay: questions concerning the definition that faces a challenge due to the growing body of research on early symptoms; for instance, the heterogeneity and complexity of the symptoms in early age and the lack of professional training in the early detection of ASD, among others. Besides, there are few instruments validated for Spanish and Portuguese. The objective of this article is to discuss the possible factors that interfere in the process of the early diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders. A non sistematic bibliographic search was done, through MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Library, using the following key-words: autism, autism spectrum disorders, screening tools, childhood development disorders, assessment, early diagnosis, developmental disabilities, pervasive developmental disorder, besides similar key-words in Spanish. There was a selection of 58 articles according to their relevance and contribution to the pediatric knowledge of the theme at the authors' discretion. Symptoms as lack of joint attention, not orienting to name, lack of protodeclaratives and lack of symbolic play must be taken into account and should demand referring to specific detection. The stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, although characteristic, may not appear at an early age. The coexistence of other morbidities is frequent, and demands search for other disorders besides ASD. The diagnosis at two years of age must be interpreted with care, using different sources of information besides the structured and non structured tests. Most important, the child must be evaluated regarding the non-verbal behavior as joint attention, play and imitation. At three years, the usage of formal and structured instruments to evaluate ASD has good correlation with the outcomes at seven and at nine years of age. These and other questions concerning the early detection of ASD are discussed as there are profound implications in intervention as well as in some aspects of the developmental outcomes. C1 [Bellotti de Oliveira, Dras. Marcia Cortez; Contreras, Maria M.] Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Serv Clin Interdisciplinarias, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP de Oliveira, DMCB (reprint author), Hosp Pediat Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan, Serv Clin Interdisciplinarias, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 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Argent. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 105 IS 5 BP 418 EP 426 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 335YH UT WOS:000258331000008 ER PT J AU Auvichayapat, N Tassniyom, S Srisarakham, S Auvichayapat, P AF Auvichayapat, Narong Tassniyom, Sompon Srisarakham, Sarinya Auvichayapat, Paradee TI Duchenne muscular dystrophy in northeastern Thai children: a retrospective study SO ASIAN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); autism; Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); prednisolone; serum CK; Sturge-Weber syndrome ID LONG-TERM BENEFIT; PREDNISONE THERAPY; AUTISM; TRIAL; DIAGNOSIS; LANGUAGE AB Background. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease. No curative treatment for DMD is known. Prednisone therapy is the first medical treatment that alters the course of DMD. Several studies about the doses and administrations of prednisone or prednisolone had been reported. Objectives: To review clinical features, laboratory findings, and the result of treatment of DMD. Methods: DMD patients who came to Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand from January, 1995 to January, 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Sixty-two patients fulfilled the study criteria. All patients were male (100 %). Mean age at onset was 4.9 years. Family history was found in 10 families (16 %). The most common symptoms were weakness, standing difficulty, and gait abnormality (100, 97, and 93 % respectively). The most common clinical signs were calf hypertrophy, weakness, and Gower sign (100, 100, and 94 % respectively). Serum creatine kinase (CK) was raised in all of the patients with mean serum CK 13,026 IU/L. Fifty patients received prednisolone. Twelve received only supportive treatments. The overall outcomes of prednisolone treatment were better, same, and worse in 37, 51, and 12 % respectively. Mean age at wheel chair was 10.8 years. Three patients with associate diseases; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Sturge Weber syndrome, and autism were presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about DMD concomitant with ARDS and DMD with Sturge-Weber syndrome. DMD with autism, a very rare occurrence, is presented. Conclusion: Clinical features, laboratory findings, and the outcomes of treatments of 62 DMD patients were presented. Prednisolone treatment had some beneficial effects and had significant side effects. Starting with a low dose, and then increasing to high dose in the no response patient is recommended. C1 [Auvichayapat, Narong] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Auvichayapat, Paradee] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. RP Auvichayapat, N (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Neurol, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 318UO UT WOS:000257118500006 ER PT J AU Angley, M Semple, S Hewton, C Paterson, F McKinnon, R AF Angley, Manya Semple, Susan Hewton, Cassie Paterson, Fiona McKinnon, Ross TI Children and autism: Part 2- Management with complementary medicines and dietary interventions SO AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SLEEP DISORDERS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PYRIDOXINE; MELATONIN; THERAPIES; MAGNESIUM AB BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and dietary interventions are widely used in the management of autistic disorders as pharmacological treatments offered by mainstream medicine are limited and often associated with significant adverse effects. OBJECTIVE In this article, the rationale, safety and efficacy of a range of CAMs and dietary interventions used in the management of autistic disorders are discussed. DISCUSSION Despite many anecdotal reports supporting the efficacy of CAMs, evidence for their use in autistic disorders is either unclear or conflicting, and available data comes from a limited number of small studies. Large randomised controlled trials have not yet been conducted to examine efficacy in this population, Although most interventions are associated with only mild adverse effects, there is a lack of long term safety data. General practitioners need to be aware that the use of CAMs in autism is not risk free and often lacks sound clinical evidence. On the other hand, there may be subtle benefits to the child, especially if interventions are coupled with intensive behavioural and/or educational intervention. 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Physician PD OCT PY 2007 VL 36 IS 10 BP 827 EP 830 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278LP UT WOS:000254287600012 PM 17925903 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Autism: causes and symptoms SO BIOFUTUR LA French DT Article ID MUTATIONS; CHILDREN CR *AGPC, 2007, NAT GENET, V3, P319 Belmonte MK, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P1221, DOI 10.1038/nn1765 Casanova MF, 2002, NEUROLOGY, V58, P428 Chih B, 2004, HUM MOL GENET, V13, P1471, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddh158 Chugani DC, 1999, ANN NEUROL, V45, P287, DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3<287::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-9 Durand CM, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P25, DOI 10.1038/ng1933 Fatemi SH, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P777, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.018 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 LEJEUNE S, 2006, INSERM ACTUALITES Nelson KB, 2001, ANN NEUROL, V49, P597, DOI 10.1002/ana.1024 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0294-3506 EI 1769-7174 J9 BIOFUTUR JI Biofutur PD OCT PY 2007 IS 281 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 219XJ UT WOS:000250121200009 ER PT J AU Tavano, A Grasso, R Gagliardi, C Triulzi, F Bresolin, N Fabbro, F Borgatti, R AF Tavano, Alessandro Grasso, Rita Gagliardi, Chiara Triulzi, Fabio Bresolin, Nereo Fabbro, Franco Borgatti, Renato TI Disorders of cognitive and affective development in cerebellar malformations SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE cerebellar malformation; cognition; affect; neurodevelopment; autism ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA TUMORS; VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; CEREBROCEREBELLAR SYSTEM; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS; ATAXIA; DAMAGE; IMPAIRMENT; ATTENTION AB Acquired cerebellar lesions in adults and children can lead to the development of a complex behavioural pattern termed 'Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome' (Schmahmann and Sherman, Brain, 1998; 121: 561-79), which is characterized by reduced cognitive efficiency associated with specific neuropsychological deficits (executive and visuospatial disorders), expressive language disorders (mild agrammatism and anomia) and affective disorders with blunting of affect. It is not known whether a symptomatological picture such as this can also be found in congenital cerebellar malformations. We studied the behavioural developmental profile of 27 patients including children and adults with congenital malformations confined to the cerebellum, the largest studied sample to date. Extensive clinical and neuropsychological investigations highlight the presence of a wide range of disorders supporting the important role played by the cerebellum in the acquisition of higher-order cognitive and affective skills. The type and extent of cerebral reorganization processes in the presence of malformative lesions are difficult to predict and may possibly account for the variability of clinical phenotypes. It is, therefore, more difficult to identify a syndromic picture defined as exactly as is the case with acquired lesions. However, the pattern of deficits that we document is in remarkable agreement with the general profile of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome. Malformations affecting the cerebellar vermis induce affective and social disorders and evolve towards more unfavourable pictures often associated with an autistic symptomatology. Malformations of cerebellar hemispheres are more frequently associated with selective neuropsychological deficits involving mainly executive functions and visuospatial and linguistic abilities. Motor deficits are generally less severe, and tend to improve slowly and progressively, in some cases reaching almost complete functionality. Finally, the overall favourable evolution with an onset of skills in advanced age in a consistent subset of subjects suggests that individual follow-ups should be performed in order to monitor the quality and stability of impairments and acquired abilities over time. C1 Sci Inst E Medea, Neurolinguist Unit San Vito Tagliamento PN, Bosisio Parini, Italy. Sci Inst E Medea, Dept Neurorehabil, Bosisio Parini, Italy. Childrens Hosp V Buzzi, Dept Radiol, Milan, Italy. Childrens Hosp V Buzzi, Dept Neuroradiol, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Osped Maggiore Policlin, Inst Sci, Dept Neurol, Milan, Italy. Univ Udine, Fac Educ, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Borgatti, R (reprint author), Sci Inst E Medea Bosisio, Dept Neurorehabilitat 1, Parini, Italy. 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TI Deconstructing executive deficits among persons with autism: Implications for cognitive neuroscience SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience CY JUN, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE autism; Executive Function; cognitive development; methodology ID IMPAIRED MEMORY FUNCTIONS; CARD SORTING TEST; WORKING-MEMORY; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MIND; INHIBITION; INTACT; PERFORMANCE AB Individuals with autism demonstrate impairments on measures of executive function (EF) relative to typically developing comparison participants. EF is comprised of several processes including inhibition, working memory and set shifting that develop throughout the lifespan. Impairments in E F may appear early in development and persist, or may represent a more transient delay which resolves with time. Given the unevenness of the cognitive profile of persons with autism, understanding the development of EF poses methodological challenges. These issues include those related to matching measures and the choice of comparison participants to which the performance of persons with autism will be compared. In the current review, we attempt to break down the processes of inhibition, working memory and set shifting among persons with autism. We propose to do this within a developmental perspective that highlights how matching measures and comparison participants can affect the interpretation of research findings. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Ctr Neurointegrat Disorders, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Riviere Des Prairies Hosp, Montreal, PQ, Canada. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.02.009 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 220VP UT WOS:000250185700009 PM 17681656 ER PT J AU Hall, GBC West, CD Szatmari, P AF Hall, Geoffrey B. C. West, C. Dianne Szatmari, Peter TI Backward masking: Evidence of reduced subcortical amygdala engagement in autism SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience CY JUN, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE autism; children; high functioning; affect; face processing; backward masking; amygdala ID EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SOCIAL INFORMATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEURAL RESPONSES; NORMAL ADULTS; MOTHERS FACE; RECOGNITION; BRAIN; FEAR AB Recent data suggest that subthreshold presentation of emotional information is relayed to the amygdala along subcortical pathways. We examined the effect of backward masked neutral and anxious faces on the social decisions of a group of high functioning children with autism ages 7-13 years and matched controls. Participants were asked to select the friendliest of two faces, one of which was associated with the subthreshold (33 ms) presentation of an anxious face (A/N) and the other a subthreshold neutral face (N/N). Neutral paired faces were selected more often than A/N paired faces by both groups. However, children with autism selected significantly fewer N/N stimuli and more A/N stimuli than controls. These results suggest that the social choices of children with autism were influenced less by emotional information presented subconsciously and suggest a subcortical contribution to the social/emotional processing deficits observed in autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Hall, GBC (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 65 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.01.010 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 220VP UT WOS:000250185700010 PM 17629385 ER PT J AU Kemner, C van der Geest, JN Verbaten, MN van Engeland, H AF Kemner, C. van der Geest, J. N. Verbaten, M. N. van Engeland, H. TI Effects of object complexity and type on the gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience CY JUN, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE PDD; autism; looking behavior; face; stimulus complexity ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; AUTISM; PATTERNS; INFANTS; INDIVIDUALS; CAREGIVERS AB The looking behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and age- and IQ-matched normal control children was studied using infrared oculography. Stimuli varying in complexity and topic were presented to test whether children with PDD have specific abnormalities in looking behavior to complex Stimuli and/or to faces. All children showed more and longer fixations on the complex objects than on the simple objects, especially the complex nonsense figure, but group differences were not found. The results show no evidence for specific abnormalities in looking behavior to either faces or to complex stimuli in high functioning children with PDD. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. Erasmus MC, Dept Neurosci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Dept Psychopharmacol, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kemner, C (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. 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PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.07.119 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 227MF UT WOS:000250660100102 ER PT J AU Ming, X Brimacombe, M Wagner, GC AF Ming, Xue Brimacombe, Michael Wagner, George C. TI Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; motor deficits; hypotonia; apraxia; prevalence ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TOE-WALKING; LANGUAGE DISORDER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; POSTURAL CONTROL; CHILDREN; SEROTONIN; MOVEMENT; DIAGNOSIS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are manifest as impairments in social interaction, language and speech development, and the appearance of repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. Motor impairments in individuals with ASD have been categorized as '' associated symptoms ''. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of motor deficits in ASD. Specifically, using retrospective clinical record review, we report the prevalence of hypotonia, motor apraxia, reduced ankle mobility, history of gross motor delay, and toe-walking, as well as the improvement of these symptoms with age, in a cohort of 154 children with ASD. The possible association of motor deficits with epilepsy or developmental regression was also assessed. To address whether the motor deficits in children with ASD were properly identified and treated, we evaluated whether the children with the motor deficits were more likely to receive physical and/or occupational therapies as compared to the children with ASD who did not show motor deficits. Hypotonia was the most common motor symptom in our ASD cohort (5111(,) and this appeared to improve over time, as suggested by the significant reduction in prevalence in older children (p = 0.002). Likewise, motor apraxia (34%) showed a tendency to be more prevalent among younger children as compared with older children) = 0.06). Historical intermittent toe-walking was found in 19% of children while reduced ankle mobility was a rare occurrence. Gross motor delay was reported in 9% of children, all of whom gained motor independence by the time of examination. Except for gross motor delay, ASD children with fine motor deficits were not more likely to receive interventional services, as compared with ASD children without the motor deficits. The results suggest that fine motor control and programming deficits are common co-occurrence of children with ASD in this cohort. The reduced prevalence of these motor deficits in older children suggests improvement over time, whether through natural progression, results of interventional therapy, or the combination of the two. However, ASD children with the motor deficits were not more likely to receive service than those without the motor deficits. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Neurol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Prevent Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Ming, X (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Neurol, 90 Bergen St,Doctors Off Ctr,Suite 8100, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.03.002 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 215GY UT WOS:000249797500006 PM 17467940 ER PT J AU London, E Haroutunian, V AF London, Eric Haroutunian, Vahram TI SYMPOSIUM: Neurobiology of autism - Introduction SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00106.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 217NC UT WOS:000249953600008 ER PT J AU London, E AF London, Eric TI The role of the neurobiologist in redefining the diagnosis of autism SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETT-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ETIOLOGY; TRANSCRIPTION; TWIN AB Until recently, autism, along with the other developmental disabilities, was largely ignored by the medical and research community. At this early point in our understanding of the syndrome, neurobiologists and especially those who work with human brain tissue have a great deal to offer. A thorough understanding of the clinically defined syndrome is essential. Along with the other psychiatric diseases listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), autism is defined by gross behavioral macros that, in all probability, are only indirectly related to basic biological systems. The diagnostic schema is not etiologically based. The diagnostic triad of symptoms that defines autism-impaired communication, impaired social interaction, and restricted and repetitive interests and activities-has been found to be present in the general population with no clear demarcation between pathological severity and being a common trait. In addition, the three basic symptoms of autism appear not to associate highly, thus leaving undetermined the validity of studying autism in its currently defined triad of symptoms. It is proposed that a close working relationship between neurobiologists and clinicians is necessary in order to identify etiologically based diagnostic schemas that would complement, rather than replace, the clinical diagnosis. C1 Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Autism Treatment Res, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Psychol, Staten Isl, NY USA. RP London, E (reprint author), Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Autism Treatment Res, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00103.x PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 217NC UT WOS:000249953600009 PM 17919126 ER PT J AU Haroutunian, V Pickett, J AF Haroutunian, Vahram Pickett, Jane TI Autism brain tissue banking SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTMORTEM HUMAN-BRAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DEATH; GLUTAMATE; DIAGNOSIS; AUTOPSY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; METAANALYSIS AB One avenue of progress toward understanding the neurobiological basis of autism is through the detailed study of the post-mortem brain from affected individuals. The primary purpose of autism brain tissue banking is to make well-characterized and optimally preserved post-mortem brain tissue available to the neuroscience research community. In this paper we discuss our current understanding of the criteria for optimal characterization and preservation of post-mortem brain tissue; the pitfalls associated with inadequate clinical and neuropathological characterization and the advantages and disadvantages of post-mortem studies of the brain. We then describe the current status of the brain tissue bank supported by the Autism Tissue Program, including the demographic characteristics of the tissue donors, post-mortem interval, sex, age and the method of preservation. Finally, we provide information on the policies and procedures that govern the distribution of brain specimens by this bank and the nature of the studies that are currently being supported directly by this program. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Bronx VA Med Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Autism Tissue Program, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Haroutunian, V (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00097.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 217NC UT WOS:000249953600010 PM 17919127 ER PT J AU Casanova, MF AF Casanova, Manuel F. TI The neuropathology of autism SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RADIAL GLIAL-CELLS; CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CEREBRAL HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA; HUMAN TEMPORAL NEOCORTEX; MATTER VOLUME INCREASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; VISUAL-CORTEX; THALIDOMIDE EMBRYOPATHY AB Autism is a brain disorder characterized by abnormalities in how a person relates and communicates to others. Both post-mortem and neuroimaging studies indicate the presence of increased brain volume and, in some cases, an altered gray/white matter ratio. Contrary to established gross findings there is no recognized microscopic pathology to autism. Early studies provided multiple leads none of which have been validated. Clinicopathological associations have been difficult to sustain when considering possible variables such as use of medications, seizures, mental retardation and agonal/pre-agonal conditions. Research findings suggest widespread cortical abnormalities, lack of a vascular component and an intact blood-brain barrier. Many of the previously mentioned findings can be explained in terms of a mini-columnopathy. The significance of future controlled studies should be judged based on their explanatory powers; that is, how well do they relate to brain growth abnormalities and/or provide useful clinicopathological correlates. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Casanova, MF (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 500 S Perston St, A Bldg,Rm 217, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 422 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00100.x PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 217NC UT WOS:000249953600011 PM 17919128 ER PT J AU Pardo, CA Eberhart, CG AF Pardo, Carlos A. Eberhart, Charles G. TI The neurobiology of autism SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GROWTH FACTOR/SCATTER FACTOR; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; RILEY-RUVALCABA-SYNDROME; REELIN GENE ALLELES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AB Improving clinical tests are allowing us to more precisely classify autism spectrum disorders and diagnose them at earlier ages. This raises the possibility of earlier and potentially more effective therapeutic interventions. To fully capitalize on this opportunity, however, will require better understanding of the neurobiological changes underlying this devastating group of developmental disorders. It is becoming clear that the normal trajectory of neurodevelopment is altered in autism, with aberrations in brain growth, neuronal patterning and cortical connectivity. Changes to the structure and function of synapses and dendrites have also been strongly implicated in the pathology of autism by morphological, genetic and animal modeling studies. Finally, environmental factors are likely to interact with the underlying genetic profile, and foster the clinical heterogeneity seen in autism spectrum disorders. In this review we attempt to link the molecular pathways altered in autism to the neurodevelopmental and clinical changes that characterize the disease. We focus on signaling molecules such as neurotrophin, Reelin, PTEN and hepatocyte growth factor, neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate, and synaptic proteins such as neurexin, SHANK and neuroligin. We also discuss evidence implicating oxidative stress, neuroglial activation and neuroimmunity in autism. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Pardo, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 600 N Wolfe St Pathol Bldg 627, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. 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USA SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 434 EP 447 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00102.x PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 217NC UT WOS:000249953600012 PM 17919129 ER PT J AU Crawley, JN AF Crawley, Jacqueline N. TI Mouse behavioral assays relevant to the symptoms of autism SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR; OVEREXPRESSING TRANSGENIC MICE; SENSORIMOTOR GATING ABNORMALITIES; SOCIAL APPROACH BEHAVIORS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; GENETIC ANIMAL-MODELS; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; KNOCKOUT MICE AB While the cause of autism remains unknown, the high concordance between monozygotic twins supports a strong genetic component. The importance of genetic factors in autism encourages the development of mutant mouse models, to advance our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying autistic behaviors. Mouse models of human neuropsychiatric diseases are designed to optimize (i) face validity (resemblance to the human symptoms) (ii) construct validity (similarity to the underlying causes of the disease) and (iii) predictive validity (expected responses to treatments that are effective in the human disease). There is a growing need for mouse behavioral tasks with all three types of validity, to define robust phenotypes in mouse models of autism. Ideal mouse models will incorporate analogies to the three diagnostic symptoms of autism: abnormal social interactions, deficits in communication and high levels of repetitive behaviors. Social approach is tested in an automated three chambered apparatus that offers the subject a choice between spending time with another mouse, with a novel object, or remaining in an empty familiar environment. Reciprocal social interaction is scored from videotapes of interactions between pairs of unfamiliar mice. Communication is evaluated by measuring emission and responses to vocalizations and olfactory cues. Repetitive behaviors are scored for measures of grooming, jumping, or stereotyped sniffing of one location or object. Insistence on sameness is modeled by scoring a change in habit, for example, reversal of the spatial location of a reinforcer in the Morris water maze or T-maze. Associated features of autism, for example, mouse phenotypes relevant to anxiety, seizures, sleep disturbances and sensory hypersensitivity, may be useful to include in a mouse model that meets some of the core diagnostic criteria. Applications of these assays include (i) behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice with mutations in genes relevant to autism; (ii) characterization of inbred strains of mice; (iii) evaluation of environmental toxins; (iv) comparison of behavioral phenotypes with genetic factors, such as unusual expression patterns of genes or unusual single nucleotide polymorphisms; and (v) evaluation of proposed therapeutics for the treatment of autism. C1 NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Intramural Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Crawley, JN (reprint author), NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Intramural Res Program, Bldg 35 Rm 1c903, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Bryson, Susan E. TI Gesture imitation in autism: II. Symbolic gestures and pantomimed object use SO COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE action representation; autism; gesture; imitation; praxis ID MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SOCIAL COGNITION; IMAGINED OBJECTS; PRETEND PLAY; CHILDREN; MOTOR; APRAXIA; DEFICIT AB We report an experimental study of imitation of two types of meaningful gestures: (a) social-communicative gestures, and (b) pantomimed actions with objects (including counterfunctional object use) by children and adolescents with autism. Controls were (a) children with nonautistic developmental delays, matched for chronological age and receptive language age, and (b) typically developing children matched for receptive language. Children in both comparison groups imitated actions more accurately than did children with autism, who nonetheless demonstrated understanding of the meaning of the gestures. 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Neuropsychol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 24 IS 7 BP 679 EP 700 DI 10.1080/02643290701669703 PG 22 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 255PB UT WOS:000252668800001 PM 18066731 ER PT J AU Mundy, P Newell, L AF Mundy, Peter Newell, Lisa TI Attention, joint attention, and social cognition SO CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attention; joint attention; cognitive neuroscience; autism; interconnectivity ID FRONTAL-CORTEX; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; INFANT AB Before social cognition there is joint processing of information about the attention of self and others. This joint attention requires the integrated activation of a distributed cortical network involving the anterior and posterior attention systems. In infancy, practice with the integrated activation of this distributed attention network is a major contributor to the development of social cognition. 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Dir. Psychol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00518.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 214OL UT WOS:000249747900008 ER PT J AU Oliveira, G Ataide, A Marques, C Miguel, TS Coutinho, AM Mota-Vieira, L Goncalver, E Lopes, NM Rodrigues, V da Mota, HC Vicente, AM AF Oliveira, Guiomar Ataide, Assuncao Marques, Carla Miguel, Teresa S. Coutinho, Ana Margarida Mota-Vieira, Luisa Goncalver, Esmeralda Lopes, Nazare Mendes Rodrigues, Vitor da Mota, Henrique Carmona Vicente, Astrid Moura TI Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder in Portugal: prevalence, clinical characterization, and medical conditions SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; POPULATION; STATES; SOUTH AB The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify its clinical characterization, and medical conditions in a paediatric population in Portugal. A school survey was conducted in elementary schools, targeting 332808 school-aged children in the mainland and 10910 in the Azores islands. Referred children were directly assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Clinical history and a laboratory investigation was performed. In parallel, a systematic multi-source search of children known to have autism was carried out in a restricted region. The global prevalence of ASD per 10000 was 9.2 in mainland, and 15.6 in the Azores, with intriguing regional differences. A diversity of associated medical conditions was documented in 20%, with an unexpectedly high rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. C1 Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Ctr Desenvolvimento Crianca, Coimbra, Portugal. Educacao Ctr Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Inst Gulbenkian Ciencias, Oeiras, Portugal. Hosp Divino Espirito Santo, Unidad Genet & Patol Mol, Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Coimbra, Portugal. RP Oliveira, G (reprint author), Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Av Bissaya Barreto, P-3000076 Coimbra, Portugal. EM guiomar@hpc.chc.min-saude.pt RI Oliveira, Guiomar/I-7255-2013; Mota-Vieira, Luisa/I-5909-2013 OI Mota-Vieira, Luisa/0000-0003-1451-6705 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 Bertrand J, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, P1155, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 Cardoso CS, 2001, EUR J HUM GENET, V9, P843, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200723 Chakrabarti S, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1133, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1133 Chakrabarti S, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P3093, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 Sandler AD, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1221 FOMBONNE E, 2006, P 5 INT M AUT RES MO Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Griffiths R., 1984, ABILITIES YOUNG CHIL Kielinen M, 2000, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V9, P162 Levy P.S., 1999, SAMPLING POPULATIONS, V3rd Lipkin P. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 49 IS 10 BP 726 EP 733 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 213IP UT WOS:000249660400004 PM 17880640 ER PT J AU Dziuk, MA Larson, JCG Apostu, A Mahone, EM Denckla, MB Mostofsky, SH AF Dziuk, M. A. Larson, J. C. Gidley Apostu, A. Mahone, E. M. Denckla, M. B. Mostofsky, S. H. TI Dyspraxia in autism: association with motor, social, and communicative deficits SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; SIGNS; IMITATION; RELIABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; MOTION AB Impaired performance of skilled gestures, referred to as dyspraxia, is consistently reported in children with autism; however, its neurological basis is not well understood. Basic motor skill deficits are also observed in children with autism and it is unclear whether dyspraxia observed in children with autism can be accounted for by problems with motor skills. Forty-seven high-functioning children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autism, or Asperger syndrome (43 males, four females; mean age 10y 7m [SD 1y 10m], mean Full-scale IQ (FSIQ) 99.4 [SD 15.9]), and 47 typically developing (TD) controls (41 males, six females; mean age 10y 6m [SD 1y 5m], mean FSIQ 113.8 [SD 12.3], age range 8-4y) completed: (1) the Physical and Neurological Assessment of Subtle Signs, an examination of basic motor skills standardized for children, and (2) a praxis examination that included gestures to command, to imitation, and with tool-use. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the association between basic motor skill performance (i.e. times to complete repetitive limb movements) and praxis performance (total praxis errors). After controlling for age and IQ, basic motor skill was a significant predictor of performance on praxis examination. Nevertheless, the ASD group continued to show significantly poorer praxis than controls after accounting for basic motor skill. Furthermore, praxis performance was a strong predictor of the defining features of autism, measured using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and this correlation remained significant after accounting for basic motor skill. Results indicate that dyspraxia in autism cannot be entirely accounted for by impairments in basic motor skills, suggesting the presence of additional contributory factors. Furthermore, praxis in children with autism is strongly correlated with the social, communicative, and behavioral impairments that define the disorder, suggesting that dyspraxia may be a core feature of autism or a marker of the neurological abnormalities underlying the disorder. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Mostofsky, SH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mostofsky@kennedykrieger.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bailey A, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P889, DOI 10.1093/brain/121.5.889 Blake R, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P151, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.01434 DENCKLA MB, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P773 DENKLA MB, 1973, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V15, P635 DEWEY D, 1993, BRAIN COGNITION, V23, P203, DOI 10.1006/brcg.1993.1055 Doyon J, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V41, P252, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00158-6 GESCHWIN.N, 1965, BRAIN, V88, P237, DOI 10.1093/brain/88.2.237 Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P43, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00065.x Gidley Larson J. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 49 IS 10 BP 734 EP 739 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 213IP UT WOS:000249660400005 PM 17880641 ER PT J AU Roberts, EM English, PB Grether, JK Windharn, GC Somberg, L Wolff, C AF Roberts, Eric M. English, Paul B. Grether, Judith K. Windharn, Gayle C. Somberg, Lucia Wolff, Craig TI Maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications and autism spectrum disorders among children in the California Central Valley SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE spectrum disorders; health surveillance; methods; organochlorines; pesticides ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; EXPOSURE PATHWAYS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHEMICALS; HEALTH; GABA; MISCLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; ENDOSULFAN; WORKSHOP AB BACKGROUND: Ambient levels of pesticides ("pesticide drift") are detectable at residences near agricultural field sites. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications during key periods of gestation could be associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. METHODS: We identified 465 children with ASD born during 1996-1998 using the California Department of Developmental Services electronic files, and matched them by maternal date of last menstrual period to 6,975 live-born, normal-birth-weight, term infants as controls. We determined proximity to pesticide applications using California Department of Pesticide Regulation records refined using Department of Water Resources land use polygons. A staged analytic design applying a priori criteria to the results of conditional logistic regressions was employed to exclude associations likely due to multiple testing error. RESULTS: Of 249 unique hypotheses, four that described organochlorine pesticide applications-specifically those of dicofol and endosulfan-occurring during the period immediately before and concurrent with central nervous system embryogenesis (clinical weeks I through 8) met a priori criteria and were unlikely to be a result of multiple testing. Multivariate a posteriori models comparing children of mothers living within 500 in of field sites with the highest nonzero quartile of organochlorine poundage to those with mothers not living near field sites suggested an odds ratio for ASD of 6.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.4-15.3). ASD risk increased with the poundage of organochlorine applied and decreased with distance from field sites. CONCLUSIONS: The association between residential proximity to organochlorine pesticide applications during gestation and ASD among children should be further studied. C1 Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. 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Scheiffele, Peter TI Neuroligin-3 is a neuronal adhesion protein at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism; cell adhesion molecule; GABA synapse; neuroligin; synapse formation ID INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; BETA-NEUREXINS; CELL-ADHESION; PSD-95; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; COMPLEX; BINDING; AUTISM; GENE AB Synaptic adhesion molecules are thought to play a critical role in the formation, function and plasticity of neuronal networks. Neuroligins (NL1-4) are a family of presumptive postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules. NL1 and NL2 isoforms are concentrated at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, respectively, but the cellular expression and synaptic localization of the endogenous NL3 and NL4 isoforms are unknown. We generated a panel of NL isoform-specific antibodies and examined the expression, developmental regulation and synaptic specificity of NL3. 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RP Scheiffele, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurosci, Dept Physiol & Cellular Biophys, 630 W 168th St,P&S 11-511, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 17 SU 4 BP S176 EP S176 DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(07)70171-2 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 235KE UT WOS:000251231900008 ER PT J AU Dronca, M Craciun, EC Pasca, S Iftene, F AF Dronca, Maria Craciun, Elena Cristina Pasca, Sergiu Iftene, Felicia TI Antioxidant protection in autism SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-Europe (SFRR-Europe) CY OCT 10-13, 2007 CL Vilamoura, PORTUGAL SP Soc Free Rad Res Europe, Portuguese Grp Free Rad, Spanish Grp Free Rad C1 [Dronca, Maria] Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Craciun, Elena Cristina] Fac Pharm, Pharmaceut Biochem & Clin Lab Dept, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Pasca, Sergiu] Fac Med, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Iftene, Felicia] Iuliu Hafieganu Univ Med & Pharm, Fac Med, Pediat Psychiat Clin, Cluj Napoca, Romania. RI Pasca, Sergiu/B-3631-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 41 SU 1 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 250JP UT WOS:000252296300077 ER PT J AU MacDonald, TT Domizio, P AF MacDonald, T. T. Domizio, P. TI Autistic enterocolitis: is it a histopathological entity? SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; REGRESSIVE AUTISM; CHILDREN; CONSTIPATION; DISORDER C1 Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Sci, London, England. RP MacDonald, TT (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Sch Med, Inst Cell & Mol Sci, London, England. 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To support this concept, we present data on 45 mother-child dyads which indicate that the level that children use pivotal behaviors is associated with the degree to which parents engage in responsive interactions with them. We also present data demonstrating several significant relationships between children's use of pivotal behaviors with their level of developmental functioning as assessed both by standardized assessments and play-based developmental observations. Finally, we propose the Pivotal Behavior Model of Developmental Learning. We argue that the impact that intervention has on children's development may be fundamentally dependent on whether procedures support and enhance key pivotal developmental behaviors. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Mahoney, G (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Mandel Sch Appl Social Sci, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 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PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 4 BP 311 EP 325 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 214CJ UT WOS:000249713300004 ER PT J AU Katoh-Semba, R Wakako, R Komori, T Shigemi, H Miyazaki, N Ito, H Kumagai, T Tsuzuki, M Shigemi, K Yoshida, F Nakayama, A AF Katoh-Semba, Ritsuko Wakako, Rie Komori, Taku Shigemi, Hiroko Miyazaki, Noriko Ito, Hironori Kumagai, Toshiyuki Tsuzuki, Masako Shigemi, Kenji Yoshida, Futoshi Nakayama, Atsuo TI Age-related changes in BDNF protein levels in human serum: differences between autism cases and normal controls SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BDNF; serum; autism; cerebral cortex; circadian ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; RAT-BRAIN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DECREASED LEVELS; HUMAN PLATELETS; NEONATAL BLOOD; MESSENGER-RNA; NORMAL MICE AB Accumulating evidence suggests the possible association between the concentrations of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and psychiatric disease with impaired brain development. Yet the reasons remain unclear. We therefore investigated the characteristics of serum BDNF as well as its age-related changes in healthy controls in comparison to autism cases. BDNF was gradually released from platelets at 4 degrees C, reached a maximal concentration after around 24 h, and remained stable until 42 h. At room temperature, BDNF was found to be immediately degraded. Circadian changes, but not seasonal changes, were found in serum levels of BDNF existing as the mature form with a molecular mass of 14 kDa. In healthy controls, the serum BDNF concentration increased over the first several years, then slightly decreased after reaching the adult level. There were no sex differences between males and females. In the autism cases, mean levels were significantly lower in children 0-9 years old compared to teenagers or adults, or to age-matched healthy controls, indicating a delayed BDNF increase with development. In a separate study of adult rats, a circadian change in serum BDNF was found to be similar to that in the cortex, indicating a possible association with cortical functions. (c) 2007 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Aichi Human Serv Ctr, Inst Dev Res, Dept Perinatol, Aichi 4800392, Japan. Aichi Human Serv Ctr, Cent Hosp, Aichi 4800392, Japan. Tokai Kinen Hosp, Aichi, Japan. RP Katoh-Semba, R (reprint author), Aichi Human Serv Ctr, Inst Dev Res, Dept Perinatol, Aichi 4800392, Japan. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.07.002 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 238RI UT WOS:000251464800005 PM 17804189 ER PT J AU Mitrani, JL AF Mitrani, Judith L. TI Bodily centered protections in adolescence: An extension of the work of Frances Tustin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE adolescence; proto-mental; unmentalized happenings; autism; Frances Tustin; Melanie Klein; anorexia; bulimia ID ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; PATHOLOGICAL ORGANIZATIONS; UNMENTALIZED EXPERIENCE; DEFENSIVE ORGANIZATION; CLINICAL APPROACH; OBJECT-RELATIONS; NARCISSISM AB In this paper the author discusses the recurrence of infantile, proto-mental functioning in adolescence mainly in the context of the work of frances Tustin. She demonstrates, through clinical example, how the tendency to resort to bodily centered and sensation dominated protections is reactivated on a grand scale when the internal and external physical and psychological changes, brought on in puberty, are felt to be potentially overwhelming. She also demonstrates how, when the capacity for adequate mental and emotional development is stultified, sensation and action once again come to the rescue as the adolescent way of attenuating anxieties unconsciously experienced as resonating with those unmentalized happenings of early infancy and how the psychoanalytic relationship may be pivotal in setting previously derailed mental and emotional growth back on track. C1 Psychoanalyt Ctr Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RP Mitrani, JL (reprint author), Psychoanalyt Ctr Calif, 2050 Fairburn Av, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. 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W., 1962, MATURATIONAL PROCESS, P56 Winnicott DW, 1949, COLLECTED PAPERS PAE, P243 NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 PU INST PSYCHO-ANALYSIS PI LONDON PA BYRON HOUSE, 112A-114 SHIRLAND RD, LONDON W9 2EQD, ENGLAND SN 0020-7578 J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL JI Int. J. Psychoanal. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 88 BP 1153 EP 1169 DI 10.1516/ijpa.2007.1153 PN 5 PG 17 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 221QS UT WOS:000250243000003 PM 17908674 ER PT J AU Burd, L Carlson, C Kerbeshian, J AF Burd, Larry Carlson, Christine Kerbeshian, Jacob TI Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and mental illness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON DISABILITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review DE prenatal alcohol exposure; diagnosis; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; fetal alcohol syndrome; mental disorders; exposure ID FOLLOW-UP; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; MANAGEMENT; AUTISM; DAMAGE; LEAD AB Objective: To discuss relevant issues in the diagnosis of mental disorders comorbid with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Methods: We present a theoretical model of the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurobehavioral development and a systematic review of published data on the mental disorders in subjects with an FASD. Results: Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with high rates of mental disorders. We found 48 papers reporting on 3,343 subjects. The most common mental disorder comorbid with FASD is attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder occurring in 48% of subjects with FASD. Cognitive impairment is also very common. Discussion: Prenatal alcohol exposure appears to have differential effects on outcomes leading to large increases in rates of some but apparently not most mental disorders. We discuss strategies to improve the diagnosis of mental disorders in FASD and the multiplicity of uses for this important data. C1 [Burd, Larry; Carlson, Christine] Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, N Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Ctr, Dept Pediat, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Kerbeshian, Jacob] Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Neurosci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Burd, L (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, N Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Ctr, Dept Pediat, 501 N Columbia Rd Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. 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J. Disabil. Hum. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 383 EP 396 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 279YL UT WOS:000254391700006 ER PT J AU Rutgers, AH van IJzendoorn, MH Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ Swinkels, SHN van Daalen, E Dietz, C Naber, FBA Buitelaar, JK van Engeland, H AF Rutgers, Anna H. van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. Swinkels, Sophie H. N. van Daalen, Emma Dietz, Claudine Naber, Fabienne B. A. Buitelaar, Jan K. van Engeland, Herman TI Autism, attachment and parenting: A comparison of children with autism spectrum disorder, mental retardation, language disorder, and non-clinical children SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; attachment; parenting; preschool children ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; STRESS PROFILES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; Q-SORT; MOTHERS; BEHAVIOR; PERCEPTIONS; CAREGIVERS; DIAGNOSIS AB Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have severe and pervasive impairments in the development of social interaction, which may affect the attachment relationship with their parents and may have an impact on parenting. In the current investigation 89 families with young children (mean age 26.5 months) were involved, who were diagnosed as ASD, mentally retarded (MR), or language delayed (LD), or part of a non-clinical comparison group. Attachment security was observed with the Brief Attachment Screening Questionnaire, and several parental self-report questionnaires assessed the parenting style, parental efficacy, parental experiences of daily hassles, social support, and psychological problems. Children with ASD were rated as less secure compared to the other clinical and normal comparison groups. Parents of non-clinical children reported higher levels of authoritative parenting than parents in the ASD group and in the total clinical group, and they also received less social support. Parents of children with ASD coped remarkably well with the challenges of raising a child with ASD. C1 Leiden Univ, Ctr Family & Child Studies, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolph Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Rutgers, AH (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Ctr Family & Child Studies, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. EM vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl RI van IJzendoorn, Marinus/I-1379-2012; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 CR AINWORTH MDS, 1978, PATTERNS ATTACHMENT Arrindell WA, 1986, SCL 90 BAKERMANSKRANEN.MJ, 2003, BRIEF ATTACHMENT SCR Bandura A, 1997, SELF EFFICACY EXERCI Baumrind D, 1996, FAM RELAT, V45, P405, DOI 10.2307/585170 BELCHIC JK, 1996, DISS ABSTR INT A, V57 Bernabei P., 1998, AUTISM, V2, P243, DOI 10.1177/1362361398023003 Blacher J., 1984, SEVERELY HANDICAPPED Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 BOWLBY J, 1982, AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT, V52, P664 Bristol M. 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Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 35 IS 5 BP 859 EP 870 DI 10.1007/s10802-007-9139-y PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 206WM UT WOS:000249213600013 PM 17505877 ER PT J AU Winsler, A Abar, B Feder, MA Schunn, CD Rubio, DA AF Winsler, Adam Abar, Beau Feder, Michael A. Schunn, Christian D. Rubio, David Alarcon TI Private speech and executive functioning among high-functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high-functioning autism; private speech; self-talk; executive function; self-regulation; verbal mediation; ADHD ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; TASK-PERFORMANCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; FUNCTION DEFICITS; SELF-REGULATION; LANGUAGE; MIND; DYSFUNCTION AB Private speech used by high-functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) (n = 33) during two executive functioning tasks was compared to that of typically developing children (n = 28), and children with ADHD (n = 21). Children with ASD were as likely as others to talk to themselves and their speech was similarly relevant and likely to appear in moments of task difficulty. Unlike others, children with ASD were more likely to get items correct when they were talking than when they were silent. Group differences in performance were observed when children were silent but not when children were talking. Findings suggest that autistic children talk to themselves in relevant ways during problem-solving and that such speech is helpful in normalizing their executive performance relative to controls. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Seville, Seville 41004, Andalucia, Spain. Natl Acad, Washington, DC USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Winsler, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1617 EP 1635 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0294-8 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900001 PM 17146702 ER PT J AU Vickerstaff, S Heriot, S Wong, M Lopes, A Dossetor, D AF Vickerstaff, Sandy Heriot, Sandra Wong, Michelle Lopes, Ana Dossetor, David TI Intellectual ability, self-perceived social competence, and depressive symptomatology in children with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders; self-perception; depressive symptomatology; intellectual ability; social competence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-INCIDENCE DISABILITIES; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FAMILY-HISTORY; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; BIPOLAR DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB Although social competence deficits in children with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders (HFASD) are well documented, there is little research investigating self-perceptions of social limitations. This study replicated research showing a negative association between self-perceived social competence and intellectual ability and investigated associations between self-perceived social competence and depressive symptomatology. Participants were 22 children with HFASD, aged 7-13 years with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of 82-141. Parent- (N = 18) and teacher- (N = 17) rated social competence was lower for children with HFASD compared with a normative sample. Higher age and IQ predicted lower levels of self-perceived social competence, and low self-perceived social competence predicted higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Almost a third of children rated themselves for depression; parent ratings suggested even higher levels. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. John Hunter Hosp, CAMHSNET, Lambton, NSW, Australia. Childrens Hosp Westmead, Dept Med Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Vickerstaff, S (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1679 EP 1690 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0299-3 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900005 PM 17146701 ER PT J AU Reznick, JS Baranek, GT Reavis, S Watson, LR Crais, ER AF Reznick, J. Steven Baranek, Grace T. Reavis, Shaye Watson, Linda R. Crais, Elizabeth R. TI A parent-report instrument for identifying one-year-olds at risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism: The first year inventory SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic symptoms; early infant screening; social-communication; sensory-regulatory functions ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RETROSPECTIVE VIDEO ANALYSIS; FAMILY HOME MOVIES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EARLY RECOGNITION; SOCIAL BEHAVIORS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY SYMPTOMS; FOLLOW-UP AB A parent-report instrument, the First Year Inventory (FYI), was developed to assess behaviors in 12-month-old infants that suggest risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism. The target behaviors were identified from retrospective and prospective studies. FYIs were mailed to 5,941 families and 25% (N = 1,496) were returned, with higher return rates for white families and for families with greater educational attainment. Ad hoc groups of questions afforded measurement of eight specific constructs, which were combined to establish a general risk index. Boys had higher risk scores than did girls. Maternal race and education influenced answers. A small percentage of infants appeared to be at notably elevated risk. Large-scale longitudinal research is warranted to determine whether the FYI can predict an eventual diagnosis of autism. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Occupat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Speech & Hearing Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Reznick, JS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, CB 3270 UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1691 EP 1710 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0303-y PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900006 PM 17180716 ER PT J AU Hurst, RM Nelson-Gray, RO Mitchell, JT Kwapil, TR AF Hurst, Ruth M. Nelson-Gray, Rosemery O. Mitchell, John T. Kwapil, Thomas R. TI The relationship of asperger's characteristics and schizotypal personality traits in a non-clinical adult sample SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's Disorder; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; autism spectrum quotient; Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire; autism spectrum disorders; schizophrenia spectrum disorders ID CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB The study examines the relationship between Asperger's Disorder (AD) and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD), mutually exclusive but similar diagnoses [DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: Author]. The literature and comparison of diagnostic criteria suggest that the two disorders may overlap: AD social impairment with SPD interpersonal problems and AD communication deficits with SPD disorganized features. Questionnaire measures of AD and SPD were administered to a large non-clinical adult sample. Consistent with expectations, the Asperger's and Schizotypal questionnaires were positively correlated. Further, the social-interpersonal and communication-disorganized areas were positively correlated, though the relationship between social-interpersonal areas is particularly strong. Future research should continue to explore the relationship between AD and schizotypy to confirm current findings and improve understanding of distinctions between the disorders. C1 Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Hurst, RM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. EM hurstr@uncw.edu RI Kwapil, Thomas/L-1127-2014 OI Kwapil, Thomas/0000-0003-1116-5954 CR Abdi Z, 2004, CNS SPECTRUMS, V9, P335 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baltaxe Christiane A. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1711 EP 1720 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0302-z PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900007 PM 17149668 ER PT J AU Thurm, A Lord, C Lee, LC Newschaffer, C AF Thurm, Audrey Lord, Catherine Lee, Li-Ching Newschaffer, Craig TI Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; language; preschool; predictors; outcome ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; FOLLOW-UP; SYMPTOMS; INDIVIDUALS; IMITATION; DELAYS AB In 118 children followed from age 2 to 5 (59 with autism, 24 with PDD-NOS and 35 with non-spectrum developmental disabilities), age 2 and age 3 scores of non-verbal ability, receptive communication, expressive communication and socialization were compared as predictors of receptive and expressive language at age 5. Non-verbal cognitive ability at age 2 was generally the strongest predictor of age 5 language, while at age 3 communication scores were a stronger predictor of age 5 language for children with autism. Early joint attention as well as vocal and motor imitation skills were more impaired in children who did not develop language by age 5 (but had relatively strong non-verbal cognitive skills) than in children who did develop language by 5. C1 NIMH, Pediat & Dev Neuropsychiat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Michigan, Univ Michigan Austism & Commun Disorders Ctr UMAC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Thurm, A (reprint author), NIMH, Pediat & Dev Neuropsychiat Branch, 10 Ctr Dr MSC 1255,Bldg 10,4N208, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1721 EP 1734 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0300-1 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900008 PM 17180717 ER PT J AU Shattuck, PT Seltzer, MM Greenberg, JS Orsmond, GI Bolt, D Kring, S Lounds, J Lord, C AF Shattuck, Paul T. Seltzer, Marsha Mailick Greenberg, Jan S. Orsmond, Gael I. Bolt, Daniel Kring, Sheilah Lounds, Julie Lord, Catherine TI Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism symptoms; maladaptive behaviors; lifespan development ID RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FOLLOW-UP; LIFE; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; OUTCOMES AB This study examined change prospectively in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors during a 4.5 year period in 241 adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder who were 10-52 years old (mean = 22.0) when the study began. Although many individuals' symptoms remained stable, a greater proportion of the sample experienced declines than increases in their level of autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors, and there were significant improvements in mean levels of symptoms. Individuals with mental retardation had more autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors than those without mental retardation, and they improved less over time. Compared to adolescents, older sample members (31 and older) had fewer maladaptive behaviors and experienced more improvement in these behaviors over time. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 533, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shattuck, PT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 533, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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S., 1993, VINELAND SCREENER OV Szatmari P, 2000, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V45, P731 TARIS TW, 2000, PRIMER LONGTITUDINAL Tonge BJ, 2003, INT REV RES MENT RET, V26, P61, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(03)01002-4 Volkmar F., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P5 NR 36 TC 112 Z9 115 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1735 EP 1747 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0307-7 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900009 PM 17146700 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE Weisenfeld, LAH Hatton, DD Heath, M Kaufmann, WE AF Roberts, Jane E. Weisenfeld, Leigh Anne H. Hatton, Deborah D. Heath, Morgan Kaufmann, Walter E. TI Social approach and autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE fragile X; autism; social approach ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG MALES; BOYS; SYMPTOMS; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPE; RESPONSES; TODDLERS; STIMULI AB Social avoidance is a core phenotypic characteristic of fragile X syndrome (FXS) that has critical cognitive and social consequences. However, no study has examined modulation of multiple social avoidant behaviors in children with FXS. In the current study, we introduce the Social Approach Scale (SAS), an observation scale that includes physical movement, facial expression, and eye contact approach behaviors collected across multiple time points. Our findings suggested that social approach behaviors in children with FXS were affected by age, gender, setting, and time spent with an examiner. Selected social approach behaviors were related to autistic behavior. Increased eye contact over the course of a research assessment, in particular, was found to be a strong predictor of lower autistic behavior. C1 Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, 517 S Greensboro St, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. 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Jarrold, Christopher TI The problem with using eye-gaze to infer desire: A deficit of cue inference in children with autism spectrum disorder? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; desire inference; eye-gaze; arrow; cue inference ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; JOINT ATTENTION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; STRATEGIC DECEPTION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MIND; PERCEPTION; INFORMATION; DIRECTION; LANGUAGE AB Children with autism respond atypically to eye-gaze cues, arguably because they fail to understand that eye-gaze conveys mentalistic information. Three experiments investigated whether a difficulty in inferring desire from eye-gaze in autism reflects a failure to understand the mentalistic significance of eye-gaze, an inhibitory deficit or a deficit of cue inference. While there was an inhibitory component to the tasks, children with autism were no more affected by this than controls. 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TI Autistic spectrum disorders in velo-cardio facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE velocardiofacial syndrome; 22q11; 2 deletion; autism spectrum disorder; amygdala ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; MANIA RATING-SCALE; VELOCARDIOFACIAL-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB The extent to which the phenotype of children comorbid for velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differs from that of VCFS-only has not been studied. The sample consisted of 41 children (20 females) with VCFS, ranging in age from 6.5 years to 15.8 years. Eight children with VCFS met formal DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for autism based upon the ADI-R. These eight plus an additional nine participants met diagnostic criteria for an autistic spectrum disorder (VCFS + ASD). 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PCA did not replicate components identified by DiLalla and Rogers (1994, Domains of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Relevance for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(2), 115-128) and Stella, Mundy, and Tuchman (1999, Social and nonsocial factors in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(4), 307-317). PAF identified correlated Social-Communication, Social Interaction, Stereotypies and Sensory Abnormalities, and Emotional Regulation factors. Results differed across studies; however, each identified ASD related constructs conceptually consistent with DSM-IV. Although its development predates the DSM-IV, and many newer measures are available, the CARS' psychometric properties, conceptual relevance, and flexible administration procedures support its continued use as a screening device in the diagnostic decision-making process. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1787 EP 1794 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0313-9 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900013 PM 17437070 ER PT J AU Mandell, DS Ittenbach, RF Levy, SE Pinto-Martin, JA AF Mandell, David S. Ittenbach, Richard F. Levy, Susan E. Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A. TI Disparities in diagnoses received prior to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; autism spectrum disorder; African-Americans; minorities; child health services; community mental health services ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEALTH-CARE; RACE; AGE; VALIDATION; SYMPTOMS; FAMILIES AB This study estimated differences by ethnicity in the diagnoses assigned prior to the diagnosis of autism. In this sample of 406 Medicaid-eligible children, African-Americans were 2.6 times less likely than white children to receive an autism diagnosis on their first specialty care visit. Among children who did not receive an autism diagnosis on their first visit, ADHD was the most common diagnosis. African-American children were 5.1 times more likely than white children to receive a diagnosis of adjustment disorder than of ADHD, and 2.4 times more likely to receive a diagnosis of conduct disorder than of ADHD. Differences in diagnostic patterns by ethnicity suggest possible variations in parents' descriptions of symptoms, clinician interpretations and expectations, or symptom presentation. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1795 EP 1802 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900014 PM 17160456 ER PT J AU Crozier, S Tincani, M AF Crozier, Shannon Tincani, Matt TI Effects of social stories on prosocial behavior of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; social story; behavior intervention; early childhood ID INTERVENTION AB Social Stories (TM) are a popular intervention for preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little research on Social Stories has been conducted with this population. This study investigated the effects of Social Stories on prosocial behavior of three preschool children with ASD in an inclusive setting. An ABAB design was used for two participants, while an ABACBC was used for the third. Social Stories increased appropriate behavior and decreased inappropriate behavior for two participants. The addition of verbal prompts (condition C) was necessary to increase appropriate behavior for the third participant. Maintenance probes were conducted to assess whether stories became imbedded in classroom routines. Results are discussed in relation to applications, study limitations, and areas for future research. C1 Univ Nevada, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Crozier, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4505 Marryland Pkwy,Box 453014, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM croziers@unlv.nevada.edu CR Adamian GG, 2004, ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H, V19, P87, DOI 10.1556/APH.19.2004.1-2.13 Agosta E, 2004, INTERV SCH CLIN, V39, P276, DOI 10.1177/10534512040390050401 Bailey J. S., 2002, RES METHODS APPL BEH Barry L. 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S., 1999, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V14, P82, DOI 10.1177/108835769901400203 National Research Council, 2001, ED CHILDR AUT Sansosd F. J., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P194, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190040101 Scattone D, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P535, DOI 10.1023/A:1021250813367 Simpson R. L., 2005, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO Simpson RL, 2003, TOP LANG DISORD, V23, P116 Stahmer A. C., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P66, DOI DOI 10.1177/1088357 Thiemann KS, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P425, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-425 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1803 EP 1814 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0315-7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900015 PM 17165149 ER PT J AU Reed, P Osborne, LA Corness, M AF Reed, Phil Osborne, Lisa A. Corness, Mark TI Brief report: Relative effectiveness of different home-based behavioral approaches to early teaching intervention SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Behavioural-Association-of-Ireland CY 2004 CL Galway, IRELAND SP Behav Assoc Ireland DE applied behavior analysis; early teaching intervention; home-based; intellectual functioning; educational functioning; adaptive behavioral functioning; temporal intensity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; PROGRAMS AB The effectiveness of home-based early behavioral interventions for children (2:6-4:0 years old) with autistic spectrum disorders was studied over 9-10 months. Measures of autistic severity, intellectual, educational, and adaptive behavioral functioning were taken. There was no evidence of recovery from autism. High-intensity behavioral approaches (mean 30 h/week) produced greater gains than low-intensity programs (mean 12 h/week). Lovaas- and complete application of behavior analysis to schools approach-type interventions produced largest gains [similar to gains produced by longer-term clinic-based applied behavior analysis (ABA) programs]. Within the high-intensity groups, increased temporal input on the program was not associated with increased gains in the children. The results from clinic-based ABA trials were partially replicated on a home-based sample, using children with greater autistic and intellectual impairments. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Psychol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Reed, P (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Psychol, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. 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Carina Gillberg, Christopher TI Autism after adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood Journal of autism and developmental disorders (vol 35, pg 351, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Correction CR Billstedt E, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P351, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3302-5 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1822 EP 1822 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0082-5 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 213EV UT WOS:000249649900017 ER PT J AU Webb, SJ Nalty, T Munson, J Brock, C Abbott, R Dawson, G AF Webb, Sara Jane Nalty, Theresa Munson, Jeff Brock, Catherine Abbott, Robert Dawson, Geraldine TI Rate of head circumference growth as a function of autism diagnosis and history of autistic regression SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; head circumference; growth ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; POSTNATAL FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; HOME VIDEOTAPES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 1ST YEAR; AGE; LIFE AB Several reports indicate that autism spectrum disorder is associated with increased rate of head growth in early childhood. Increased rate of growth may index aberrant processes during early development, may precede the onset of symptoms, and may predict severity of the disease course. We examined rate of change in occipitofrontal circumference measurements (abstracted from medical records) in 28 boys with autism spectrum disorder and in 8 boys with developmental delay without autism from birth to age 36 months. Only children who had more than 3 occipitofrontal circumference measurements available during this age period were included. All data were converted to z scores based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention norms. Rate of growth from birth to age 36 months was statistically significantly higher for the autism spectrum disorder group than the developmental delay group, with children with autism spectrum disorder showing a statistically significant increase in occipitofrontal circumference relative to norms between 7 and 10 months, this group difference in rate of growth was more robust when height was used as a covariate. Rate of growth was not found to be different for children with autism spectrum disorder whose parents reported a history of loss of skills (regression) vs those whose parents reported early onset of autism symptoms. Findings from this study suggest that the aberrant growth is present in the first year of life and precedes the onset and diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without a history of autistic regression. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Webb, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Campus Box 357920,CHDD 314, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1190 DI 10.1177/0883073807306263 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 225BG UT WOS:000250491500004 PM 17940244 ER PT J AU Parmeggiani, A Posar, A Antolini, C Scaduto, MC Santucci, M Giovanardi-Rossi, P AF Parmeggiani, Antonia Posar, Annio Antolini, Chiara Scaduto, Maria Cristina Santucci, Margherita Giovanardi-Rossi, Paola TI Epilepsy in patients with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; autism; pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SEIZURE DISORDERS; EEG ABNORMALITIES; ACTIVE EPILEPSY; 120 INDIVIDUALS; RETT-SYNDROME; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; COMORBIDITY; ADOLESCENTS AB Data on epilepsy in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified are few and scanty Seventy-seven patients with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified were compared with 77 with autistic disorder, matched for age and sex. The 2 groups were divided into 3 subgroups each: A, without electroencephalography (EEG) paroxysmal abnormalities or epilepsy, 13, with EEG paroxysmal abnormalities without epilepsy; and C, with epilepsy. Mild mental retardation (P <.0 1), pathological neurological examination (P <.05), cerebral lesions (P <.01), abnormal EEG background activity (P <.001), and associated genetic pathologies (P <.01) were more common in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Familial antecedents for epilepsy prevailed in subgroup C (P<.01). Epilepsy occurred in 35.1% of patients with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, with no statistically significant difference compared with autistic disorder. The mean age of seizure onset was earlier (2 years 8 months) in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (P <.000). Seizure outcome was better in autistic disorder. Genetic diseases and cerebral lesions should be investigated in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified to clarify the etiological and clinical features. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Neurol Sci, Child Neurol & Psychiat Unit, I-40123 Bologna, Italy. RP Parmeggiani, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Neurol Sci, Child Neurol & Psychiat Unit, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, I-40123 Bologna, Italy. 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Child Neurol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1198 EP 1203 DI 10.1177/0883073807306265 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 225BG UT WOS:000250491500006 PM 17940246 ER PT J AU Wakschlag, LS Briggs-Gowan, MJ Carter, AS Hill, C Danis, B Keenan, K McCarthy, KJ Leventhal, BL AF Wakschlag, Lauren S. Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J. Carter, Alice S. Hill, Carri Danis, Barbara Keenan, Kate McCarthy, Kimberly J. Leventhal, Bennett L. TI A developmental framework for distinguishing disruptive behavior from normative misbehavior in preschool children SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE preschool disruptive behavior disorders; developmental psychopathology; DB-DOS; observational methods; early childhood; temper tantrums; methodology ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION; EMOTION REGULATION; CONDUCT DISORDER; TEMPER TANTRUMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; AGGRESSION; PREDICTORS; DEPRESSION; CHILDHOOD AB Background: Attaining a developmentally sensitive nosology for preschool disruptive behavior requires characterization of the features that distinguish it from the normative misbehavior of this developmental period. We hypothesize that quality of behavior and its pervasiveness across contexts are critical dimensions for clinical discrimination in young children and propose that structured diagnostic observation provides a systematic method for their identification. We use the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS) to examine whether: (a) observed quality and pervasiveness of behavior distinguishes preschoolers with clinically concerning disruptive behavior from typically developing preschoolers, and (b) observed pattern of clinically salient behavior predicts impairment above and beyond maternal report of behavioral frequency. Methods: Participants are a behaviorally heterogeneous sample of preschoolers (N = 327). Diagnostic methods developed for clinical assessment of preschoolers were used to classify children as (a) Non-Disruptive, (b) Sub-Clinical, or (c) Disruptive. Child behavior was coded based on interactions with parent and examiner during the DB-DOS. Results: Quality and pervasiveness of observed behaviors during the DB-DOS significantly distinguished the three behavioral groups. Discriminative utility varied depending on the comparison. With few exceptions, clinically concerning patterns on the DB-DOS added significant incremental utility in predicting impairment. Conclusions: Observed patterns of clinically salient behavior show promise for advancing developmentally-informed characterization of disruptive behavior within the preschool period. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wakschlag, LS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. 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Psychiatry PD OCT PY 2007 VL 48 IS 10 BP 976 EP 987 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01786.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 217BR UT WOS:000249923900003 PM 17914998 ER PT J AU Hubbard, C AF Hubbard, Carol TI A mind apart: Understanding children with autism and Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Book Review CR Szatmari P., 2004, MIND APART UNDERSTAN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 430 EP 430 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318158feb0 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 219OS UT WOS:000250095100017 ER PT J AU Wachtel, LE Hartshorne, TS Dailor, AN AF Wachtel, Lee E. Hartshorne, Timothy S. Dailor, A. Nichole TI Psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medications in CHARGE syndrome: A pediatric survey SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE CHARGE syndrome; deafblindness; autism; anxiety; psychotropics ID DEVELOPMENTAL BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; SENSORY INTEGRATION; MULTIPLE ANOMALIES; CHOANAL ATRESIA; HEART-DISEASE; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION AB Many children diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome demonstrate behavioral difficulties in addition to visual, hearing and other systemic impairments. Previous research has reported that children with CHARGE have increased rates of self-injury and aggression, as well as increased frequency of obsessive compulsive and autism spectrum disorders. This study asked parents to report not only the diagnoses given for their child's behavior problems, but also whether psychotropic medication interventions were prescribed, and which agents were chosen. Results of this study showed that according to parental report, anxiety disorders and pervasive developmental disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses assigned with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications the most frequently prescribed psychopharmacological agents. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Wachtel, LE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s10882-007-9064-6 PG 13 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 210HI UT WOS:000249446900004 ER PT J AU Oberleitner, R Elison-Bowers, P Reischl, U Ball, J AF Oberleitner, R. Elison-Bowers, P. Reischl, U. Ball, J. TI Optimizing the personal health record with special video capture for the treatment of autism SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE telemedicine; autism; store-and-forward; personal health record; electronic health records; video telehealth AB Improved imaging techniques and the increased need for a personal health record platform suggest that a Telehealth based system has an excellent potential for improving patient care and providing a high capacity for information storage and retrieval. New video-capture technology will allow parents, schoolteachers, and caregivers to capture a child's behavior for subsequent evaluation by specialists worldwide even during a time of crisis. Experience in a recent hurricane disaster illustrated the advantages of merging these two entities, especially when addressing the needs of displaced families who have a child with autism. It is clear that Telehealth based systems can shorten the time for diagnosis, potentially increase diagnostic accuracy, reduce costs, and contribute to an improved status of personal health records. C1 Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. eMerge Med Technol, Boise, ID USA. YCS Sawtelle Learning Ctr, Montclair, NJ USA. RP Elison-Bowers, P (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM pelison@boisestate.edu CR Bertrand J, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, P1155, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 *CDCP, 1998, PREV AUT BRICK TOWNS CRAWFORD N, 2003, APA ONLINE JUN LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 OBERLEITNER R, 2005, J AGGRESSION MALTREA, V12, P221 Prater CD, 2002, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V66, P1667 REISCHL U, 2006, NW PUBLIC HLTH, V23, P12 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1056-263X J9 J DEV PHYS DISABIL JI J. Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1007/s10882-007-9067-3 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 210HI UT WOS:000249446900007 ER PT J AU Paul, R Chawarska, K Fowler, C Cicchetti, D Volkmar, F AF Paul, Rhea Chawarska, Katarzyna Fowler, Carol Cicchetti, Domenic Volkmar, Fred TI "Listen my children and you shall hear": Auditory preferences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; language comprehension; auditory comprehension ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG INFANTS; FOLLOW-UP; 2ND YEAR; SEGMENTATION; RELIABILITY; RECOGNITION; MOTHERESE AB Purpose: This study tests the hypothesis that toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) will show differences from contrast groups in preferences for attending to speech. Method: This study examined auditory preferences in toddlers with ASD and matched groups of (a) typical age-mates, (b) age-mates with nonautistic developmental disabilities, and (c) younger children matched for language age. The experimental procedure measured time spent oriented to auditory stimuli that were created to exemplify language patterns that had been studied in typically developing infants. Results: Findings suggest that toddlers with ASD show a reduced preference for child-directed speech, compared with typical age-mates, but few differences from children with nonautistic developmental disorders. Correlational analysis revealed that time spent listening to child-directed speech by children with ASD was related to their concurrent receptive language ability as well as to receptive language abilities 1 year later. This relationship did not hold for the other groups. 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E., 1977, TALKING CHILDREN SODERSTROM M, IN PRESS 22 MONTH OL Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Tsao FM, 2004, CHILD DEV, V75, P1067, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00726.x Wetherby AM, 1998, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V7, P79 Wetherby AM, 2002, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby AM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P473, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2544-y NR 64 TC 35 Z9 35 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1350 EP 1364 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/094) PG 15 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 222FA UT WOS:000250280300017 PM 17905916 ER PT J AU Chandler, S Charman, T Baird, G Simonoff, E Loucas, T Meldrum, D Scott, M Pickles, A AF Chandler, Susie Charman, Tony Baird, Gillian Simonoff, Emily Loucas, Tom Meldrum, David Scott, Mimi Pickles, Andrew TI Validation of the social communication questionnaire in a population cohort of children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; pervasive developmental disorders; screening; identification; SNAP cohort ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; VALIDITY; TRAITS; AGE; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: To examine the properties of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in a population cohort of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and in the general population, Method: SCQ data were collected from three samples: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children with special educational needs with and without ASD and two similar but separate age groups of children from the general population (n = 411 and n = 247). Diagnostic assessments were completed on a stratified subsample (n = 255) of the special educational needs group. A sample-weighting procedure enabled us to estimate characteristics of the SCQ in the total ASD population. Diagnostic status of cases in the general population samples were extracted from child health records. Results: The SCQ showed strong discrimination between ASD and non-ASD cases (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.72) and between autism and nonautism cases (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.86). Findings were not affected by child IQ or parental education. In the general population samples between 4% and 5% of children scored above the ASD cutoff including 1.5% who scored above the autism cutoff. Although many of these high-scoring children had an ASD diagnosis, almost all (similar to 90%) of them had a diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder. Conclusions: This study confirms the utility of the SCQ as a,first-level screen for ASD in at-risk samples of school-age children. C1 UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England. Guys & Thomas NHS Fdn, London, England. Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. Chatswood Assessment Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Manchester, Div Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Charman, T (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain sci Unit, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM t.charman@ich.ucl.ac.uk RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Simonoff, Emily/B-7593-2011; Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR ALLEN CW, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Chakrabarti S, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1133, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1133 Chakrabarti S, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P3093, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.24.3093 Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Clark A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P287, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003400 Constantino JN, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P524, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 Dunn G., 2000, STAT PSYCHIAT Eaves LC, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS95, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00007 Eaves LC, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361306063288 Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x Green H., 2005, MENTAL HLTH CHILDREN HANLEY JA, 1982, RADIOLOGY, V143, P29 Honda H, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P572, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01425.x LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Posserud MB, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01462.x Raven J.C., 1990, STANDARD PROGRESSIVE RAVEN JC, 1990, COLOURED PROGRESSIVE Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Skuse DH, 2005, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V187, P568, DOI 10.1192/bjp.187.6.568 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stata Corp, 2005, STAT STAT SOFTW REL Towbin KE, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P452, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.452 Wechsler D., 1992, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID NR 31 TC 80 Z9 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1324 EP 1332 DI 10.1097/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 215IV UT WOS:000249802900010 PM 17885574 ER PT J AU Tick, NT van der Ende, J Koot, HM Verhulst, FC AF Tick, Nouchka T. van der Ende, Jan Koot, Hans M. Verhulst, Frank C. TI 14-year changes in emotional and behavioral problems of very young Dutch children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE secular changes; preschool age; emotional problems; behavioral problems; epidemiology ID MENTAL-HEALTH; TIME TRENDS; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS; STABILITY; AUTISM AB Objective: The societal changes experienced by Western societies in recent decades have raised concerns about increases in the level of children's mental health problems. Although studies of secular changes in the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses have indeed shown increases, their results may have been influenced by methodological problems, such as changing diagnostic criteria. Although repeated population studies using identical measures have not indicated such a clear increase in mental health problems, these studies have been limited to school-age children. We therefore investigated changes in Dutch parents'reports of very young children's emotional and behavioral problems over a 14-year period. Method: We compared Child Behavior Checklist scores across two Dutch general population samples of 2- and 3-year-olds, one sample assessed in 1989 and one in 2003. Results: Results revealed only a few changes over time, indicating small decreases in parent-reported problems. Between 1989 and 2003, there were decreases in the mean scores and in the proportions of children with deviant scores on the Anxious/Depressed, Total Problems, Internalizing, and DSM-oriented aftention-deficit/hyperactivity problems scales. Conclusions: Despite indications of increasing problems among school-age children and adolescents, parent-reported problem levels of very young Dutch children have not increased. Our findings even showed some small improvements in parents' reports of very young children's functioning between 1989 and 2003. C1 Erasmus MC, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP van der Ende, J (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, POB 2060, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181337532 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 215IV UT WOS:000249802900011 PM 17885575 ER PT J AU Cummings, L AF Cummings, Louise TI Clinical pragmatics: A field in search of phenomena? SO LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism; clinical pragmatics; implicature; intervention; pragmatic language disorder ID CHILDRENS COMMUNICATION CHECKLIST; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IDIOM COMPREHENSION; PRELINGUISTIC PREDICTORS; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; INTERVENTION; RESPONSIVENESS AB Since its inception as a branch of linguistic enquiry, pragmatics has been the focus of numerous debates about its scope of study. While such debates have brought about necessary refinement of core concepts, they have also resulted in uncertainty about exactly which linguistic phenomena are pragmatic in nature. This uncertainty has come to characterise the related discipline of clinical pragmatics, with many investigators labelling as 'pragmatic' behaviours that are not pragmatic on any reasonable interpretation of this term. In this paper, I examine a number of clinical studies in which behaviours have been incorrectly characterised as pragmatic. These studies will be classified according to several categories of error. The implications of these erroneous characterisations for the assessment and treatment of pragmatic language disorders will be discussed. Finally, a number of criteria are advanced which, it is expected, will constrain the tendency of clinicians and theorists alike to incorrectly identify behaviours as pragmatic. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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TI Discovering communicative competencies in a nonspeaking child with autism SO LANGUAGE SPEECH AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS LA English DT Article DE autism; pragmatics; discourse analysis; communication strategies; autism spectrum disorder ID CONVERSATION ANALYSIS; APHASIA; ECHOLALIA; SPEAKING AB Purpose: This article is intended to demonstrate that adapted conversation analysis (CA) and speech act analysis (SAA) may be applied by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to (a) identify communicative competencies in nonspeaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially during particularly Successful interactions, and (b) identify communicative patterns that are exhibited by interventionists and communication partners that may positively or negatively impact interactions with Such children. Method: A case example involving an 8-year-old boy with autism and the author, an SLP, is explicated. A videotaped segment from an intervention session was transcribed and subjected to adapted forms of CA and SAA. Results: CA and SAA helped reveal several underlying competencies in the boy's communicative output, including an awareness of conversational structure and sequence, diversity of communicative acts, functional use of gaze and smile behavior, and the ability to spontaneously initiate interactions. Observations regarding the SLP's interactive style included the use of multiple instances of "asking" as well as multiple "derailments" of the boy's obvious communicative bids. Conclusion: CA and SAA may be adapted to gain a clearer picture of what takes place during especially positive communicative interactions with nonspeaking children with ASD. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. RP Stiegler, LN (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Box 10879 SLU, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. 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PD OCT PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 400 EP 413 DI 10.1044/0161-1461(2007/041) PG 14 WC Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 217WG UT WOS:000249977400011 PM 17890519 ER PT J AU Labie, D AF Labie, Dominique TI Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals SO M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES LA French DT Article ID AMERICAN CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; MORTALITY AB << A Silent Pandemic : Industrial Chemicals Are Impairing the Brain Development of Children Worldwide >> Fetal and early childhood exposures to industrial chemicals in the environment can damage the developing brain and can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) - autism, attention deficit disorder (ADHD), and mental retardation. In a new review study, published in The Lancet, Philip Grandjean and Philip Landrigan from the Harvard School of Public Health systematically examined publicly available data on chemical toxicity in order to identify the industrial chemicals that are the most likely to damage the developing brain. The researchers found that 202 industrial chemicals have the capacity to damage the human brain, and they conclude that chemical pollution may have harmed the brains of millions of children worldwide. The authors conclude further that the toxic effects of industrial chemicals on children have generally been overlooked. In North Amercia, the commission for environmental cooperation, and in European Union the DEVNERTOX projects had reached to the same conclusions. We analyse this review and discuss these rather pessimistic conclusions. C1 Inst Cochin, Dept Genet Dev & Pathol Mol, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Labie, D (reprint author), Inst Cochin, Dept Genet Dev & Pathol Mol, 24 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France. 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Sci. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 23 IS 10 BP 868 EP 872 DI 10.1051/medsci/20072310868 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 225FV UT WOS:000250503400017 PM 17937897 ER PT J AU Packer, A AF Packer, Alan TI Neuroligin-3 and autism SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT News Item CR TABUCHI K, 2007, SCIENCE 0906 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1195 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 214KW UT WOS:000249737400011 ER PT J AU Koop, F Langemeijer, M Hijmans, C AF Koop, Frederieke Langemeijer, Marjolein Hijmans, Channa TI Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements (vol 39, pg 319, 2007) SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Correction CR Szatmari P, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P319, DOI 10.1038/ng1985 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1285 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 214KW UT WOS:000249737400027 ER PT J AU Bor, D Billington, J Baron-Cohen, S AF Bor, Daniel Billington, Jac Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Savant memory for digits in a case of synaesthesia and Asperger syndrome is related to hyperactivity in the lateral prefrontal cortex SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE prodigy; fMRI; digit span; chunking; Asperger syndrome; synaesthesia ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; WORKING-MEMORY; ENCODING STRATEGIES; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; SYNESTHESIA; WORDS; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCES; PREVALENCE AB Single case: DT is a savant with exceptional abilities in numerical memory and mathematical calculations. DT also has an elaborate form of synaesthesia for visually presented digits. Further more, DT also has Asperger syndrome (AS). We carried out two preliminary investigations to establish whether these conditions may contribute to his savant abilities. Neuroimaging: In an fMRI digit span study, DT showed hyperactivity in lateral prefrontal cortex when encoding digits, compared with controls. In addition, while controls showed raised lateral prefrontal activation in response to structured (compared to unstructured) sequences of digits, DT's neural activity did not differ between these two conditions. In addition, controls showed a significant perfon-nance advantage for structured, compared with unstructured sequences whereas no such pattern was found for DT. We suggest that this performance pattern reflects that DT focuses less on external mathematical structure, since for him all digit sequences have internal structure linked to his synaesthesia. Finally, DT did not activate extra-striate regions normally associated with synaesthesia, suggesting that he has an unusual and more abstract and conceptual form of synaesthesia. This appears to generate structured, highly-chunked content that enhances encoding of digits and aids both recall and calculation. Neuropsychology: People with AS preferentially attend to local features of stimuli. To test this in DT, we administered the Navon task. Relative to controls, DT was faster at finding a target at the local level, and was less distracted by interference from the global level. Discussion: The propensity to focus on local detail, in concert with a form of synaesthesia that provides structure to all digits, may account for DT's exceptional numerical memory and calculation ability. This neural and cognitive pattern needs to be tested in a series of similar cases, and with more constrained control groups, to confirm the significance of this association. C1 [Bor, Daniel] Med Res Council Cognit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England. [Bor, Daniel] Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England. [Billington, Jac; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Bor, D (reprint author), Med Res Council Cognit, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England. 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Geier, Mark R. TI A prospective assessment of androgen levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: biochemical underpinnings and suggested therapies SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cysteine; developmental delay; glutathione; hormone; sulfate ID POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PIOGLITAZONE TREATMENT; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; MERCURY TOXICITY; DIGIT RATIO; CHILDREN; BRAIN; SULFOTRANSFERASE AB Impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movement patterns, and sensory dysfunction characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventy consecutive patients with an ASD diagnosis (DSM-IV criteria, >= 6 years-old) who presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient genetic/developmental evaluations from 2005-2007 were examined. Patients were evaluated using CLIA-approved Laboratory Cooperation of America (LabCorp) testing for: serum testosterone, serum free testosterone, % free testosterone, serum/ plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstendione, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Morning blood samples collected following an overnight fast, compared to the pertinent reference means, showed significantly increased relative mean levels for: serum testosterone (158%), serum free testosterone (214%), percent free testosterone (121%), DHEA (192%), and androstenedione (173%). By contrast, compared to the pertinent reference mean, the relative mean level of FSH (51%) was significantly decreased. Additionally, at least one of the androgen attributes examined exceeded its recognized laboratory age- and sex-specific reference range in 81.4% (57 of 70) of the patients examined. With respect to their age- and sex-specific reference ranges, females had significantly higher overall mean relative testosterone and relative free testosterone levels than males. Increased androgens in patients diagnosed with ASDs may involve cyclical interactions between the androgen and the transsulfuration pathways, particularly following mercury exposure. A review of therapies that have significantly improved clinical outcomes in ASD patients indicates they share commonality in helping lower androgens. Thus, androgens should be routinely clinically measured in patients with an ASD diagnosis and appropriate androgen-lowering therapies considered for those who have significantly elevated levels. C1 [Geier, Mark R.] Genet Ctr Amer, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. [Geier, David A.] Inst Chron Illnesses, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Geier, MR (reprint author), Genet Ctr Amer, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. 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TI Unrest at rest: Default activity and spontaneous network correlations SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BOLD SIGNAL FLUCTUATIONS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BRAIN-FUNCTION; STATE NETWORKS; PARIETAL CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; NEURAL BASIS; BASE-LINE; CONNECTIVITY AB A series of recent empirical observations demonstrate structured activity patterns that exist during passive task states. One observation is that a network of regions, referred to as the default network, shows preferentially greater activity during passive task states as compared to a wide range of active tasks. The second observation is that distributed regions spontaneously increase and decrease their activity together within functional-anatomic networks, even under anesthesia. We believe these rest activity patterns may reflect neural functions that consolidate the past, stabilize brain ensembles, and prepare us for the future. 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L. Catani, Marco TI Visualization of the deep cerebellar nuclei using quantitative T-1 and rho magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE high resolution human imaging; rapid T-1 mapping; brain iron; deep cerebellar nuclei; dentate nucleus; autism ID PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; LATTICE RELAXATION-TIMES; BRAIN-STEM; MRI ATLAS; DISCRIMINATION; INVOLVEMENT; PROJECTIONS; ACTIVATION; AUTISM; CORTEX AB The cerebellum coordinates movement, thought and emotion through its feedback projections from the deep cerebellar nuclei. Despite recent advancement in our understanding of the functions of the cerebellar cortex, little is known about the functional correlates of the deep cerebellar nuclei in humans. This is mainly due to the inability of current MRI techniques to visualize the cerebellar nuclei and therefore perform in vivo clinico-anatomical correlation studies in patient populations. Here we visualize in vivo the detailed anatomy of the dentate nucleus and other cerebellar nuclei using quantitative T, and proton density (p) imaging. Compared to conventional qualitative T-1, T-2 or T-2*-weighted imaging, quantitative T, and proton density (p) imaging facilitates direct visualization of the dentate and interposed nuclei, allowing us to perform segmentation and volumetric measurements of the dentate nucleus. Also the fine architecture of the microgyric and macrogyric dentate nucleus was visible on the high-resolution images. The high concentration of paramagnetic iron within the cerebellar nuclei and the resulting local field inhomogeneities surrounding the iron-containing nuclei is believed to be responsible for the observed effect on T, and proton density signal. The application of this technique to disorders with cerebellar dysfunction could provide new insight into pathologies like autism and movement disorders. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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This suggests that the intentional assessment of situational appropriateness for task execution is carried out in the left medial prefrontal cortex, whereas irony is processed in the right temporal pole by assessing situational context automatically, and is judged based on the situational context in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Our results show that the processing of implicit meanings and irony in contextually rich situations depends on brain mechanisms involved in the "theory of mind," based on processing relevant information in a situational context, and suggest different functions in each region. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Dept Funct Brain Imaging, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Cerebral Res, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Res Inst Sci 7 Technol Soc, Kawaguchi, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Tohoku Univ Century Ctr Excellence Program Human, LBC Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Ishinomaki Red Cross Hosp, Ishinomaki, Japan. RP Wakusawa, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Dept Funct Brain Imaging, Aoba Ku, Seiryomachi 4-1, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. 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P. Semendeferi, K. Buckwalter, J. Schenker, N. Switzer, R. Courchesne, E. TI Reduced minicolumns in the frontal cortex of patients with autism (vol 32, pg 483, 2006) SO NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction CR Buxhoeveden DP, 2006, NEUROPATH APPL NEURO, V32, P483, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00745.x NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-1846 J9 NEUROPATH APPL NEURO JI Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 33 IS 5 BP 597 EP 597 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00894.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 210CE UT WOS:000249433500010 ER PT J AU Al-Kuwari, MG AF Al-Kuwari, Mohamed G. TI Psychological health of mothers caring for mentally disabled children in Qatar SO NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PARENTS; STRESS; IMPACT; FATHERS; AUTISM; CARE; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; ADAPTATION AB Objectives: To compare the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among mothers of mentally disabled children and mothers of non-disabled children, and to identify the determinants associated with psychiatric morbidity. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Qatar from January to June 2005 to compare the prevalence psychiatric morbidity by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among 195 mothers of mentally disabled children selected as a study group, and 139 mothers with non-disabled children as a comparison group. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was higher among mothers caring for mentally disabled children than mothers of non-disabled children in the comparison group. The study found the following predictors for developing psychiatric morbidity: having more than one disabled child, mentally disabled child less than 5 years of age, disabled child is first in order of birth, presence of chronic illness in addition to the mental disability, and presence of other type of disability besides the mental one. We also found that educating mothers in caring for a disabled child has a protective effect on developing psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Mothers of mentally disabled children have poorer psychological health than mothers of non-disabled children. Shifting the rehabilitation services from child-centered to family-centered services through providing supportive services is recommended. C1 Springfield Univ Hosp, Wandsworth Primary Care Trust, London, England. RP Al-Kuwari, MG (reprint author), Wandsworth Primary Care Trust, 61 Glenburnie Rd, London SW17 7DJ, England. 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Differential diagnosis includes other psychiatric and pervasive developmental disorders, deafness and profound hearing toss. Autism is frequently associated with fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis. Common co-morbidities include Mental Retardation, Seizure Disorder and Psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Early detection and intervention significantly improve outcomes, with about one third of autistic persons achieving some degree of independent living. Various treatment modalities administered by Multidisciplinary team are helpful. (e.g. Pharmacotherapy, special education, speech, communication therapy, and behavior modification). A Medline search dating back to 1970 was done, to took at the literature related to autism. Based on this search, up to date review of autism has been discussed with special emphasis on assessment and management. C1 [Azeem, Muhammad Waqar] Riverview Hosp Children & Youth, Middletown, CT USA. 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Skills PD OCT PY 2007 VL 105 IS 2 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.2466/PMS.105.2.649-653 PG 5 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 233FP UT WOS:000251076100033 PM 18065088 ER PT J AU Hong, CJ Liou, YJ Liao, DL Hou, SJ Yen, FC Tsai, SJ AF Hong, Chen-Jee Liou, Ying-Jay Liao, Ding-Lieh Hou, Sheue-Jane Yen, Feng-Chang Tsai, Shih-Jen TI Association study of polymorphisms in the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier SLC25A12 (aralar) gene with schizophrenia SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE association; N-acetyl aspartate; polymorphism; schizophrenia; SLC25A12 ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; N-ACETYLASPARTATE; GLUTAMATE CARRIER; AUTISM; BRAIN; DYSFUNCTION; ASPARTATE; VARIANTS; MATTER; MUSCLE AB Aralar is a mitochondrial calcium-regulated aspartate-glutamate carrier mainly distributed in brain and skeletal muscle, and involved in the transport of aspartate from mitochondria to the cytosol of a cell. Studies have shown that the brain N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels are greatly decreased in aralar-deficient mice, suggesting that aralar plays an important role in the synthesis of NAA in neuronal cells. Since magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have revealed consistently reduced NAA levels in various brain regions of schizophrenic patients and their unaffected relatives, genes that affect aralar levels or NAA metabolism in the brain may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Aralar is encoded by the SLC25A12 gene. In the past this gene has been found to be associated with susceptibility to autism; in this study we tested the hypothesis that SLC25A12 genetic variants confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. Six SLC25A12 polymorphisms were studied in a sample population of 253 people with schizophrenia and 216 normal controls. Significant linkage disequilibrium was obtained among the six polymorphisms. However, neither single marker nor haplotype analysis revealed an association between variants at the SLC25A12 locus and schizophrenia, suggesting that it is unlikely that the SLC25A12 polymorphisms investigated play a substantial role in conferring susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Further studies with SLC25A12 variants relating to brain NAA levels in patients with schizophrenia are suggested. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Div Psychiat, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Yuli Vet Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Hualien, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Sch Med, Inst Clin Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Mental Hlth & Substance Res, Miaoli, Taiwan. Pali Psychiat Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Execut Yuan Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Cheng Hsin Rehabil & Med Ctr, Div Psychiat, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Tsai, SJ (reprint author), Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, No 201,Shih-Pai Rd,Sec 2, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD OCT 1 PY 2007 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1510 EP 1513 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.010 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 213PH UT WOS:000249679100025 PM 17693006 ER PT J AU MacDuff, JL Ledo, R McClannahan, LE Krantz, PJ AF MacDuff, Joyce L. Ledo, Regina McClannahan, Lynn E. Krantz, Patricia J. TI Using scripts and script-fading procedures to promote bids for joint attention by young children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Joint attention; Script-fading AB A multiple-probe design across participants assessed the efficacy of using audiotaped scripts to promote,joint attention responses of young children with autism. A one-word script ("See") was presented on button-activated voice recorders; recorders were attached to toys and photographs that were placed in areas of the school not typically used for instructional activities. Children were taught to activate the recorders, point to pictures and toys, orient toward a conversation partner, and say the script. After they reliably made these responses, scripts were removed from the recorders and then recorders were removed. All three children learned to make bids for joint attention and after the scripts were faded, bids for joint attention maintained and generalized to untrained materials and to non-training settings. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [MacDuff, Joyce L.; Ledo, Regina; McClannahan, Lynn E.; Krantz, Patricia J.] Princeton Child Dev Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP MacDuff, JL (reprint author), Princeton Child Dev Inst, 300 Cold Soil Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.003 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100001 ER PT J AU Gabriels, RL Ivers, BJ Hill, DE Agnew, JA McNeill, J AF Gabriels, Robin L. Ivers, Bonnie Jean Hill, Dina E. Agnew, John A. McNeill, John TI Stability of adaptive behaviors in middle-school children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive functioning; Autism spectrum disorders; Nonverbal intelligence; Caregiver stress; Intervention AB This 5-year follow-up study examined the stability of adaptive functioning in two cognitive ability groups of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) was assessed at the time or this Study and no participant changed cognitive group membership front the previous study (High NVIQ > 97; Low NVIQ < 56). In each group, adaptive skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) composite standard score, were significantly below NVIQ. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in the VABS composite standard scores over time, but analysis of VABS total raw scores showed a significant increase in adaptive functioning over time in the High NVIQ group with no change in the Low NVIQ group. Examining the profile of VABS age equivalent scores in each NVIQ group revealed potential suggestions for interventionists. Caregivers of the Low NVIQ group endorsed having significantly higher stress levels related to their child's level of adaptive functioning. Groups did not differ significantly in the quantity of treatment received within the 9 months preceding this study or caregiver satisfaction with intervention services. Caregivers front both groups identified a variety of school-based service needs to address their child's adaptive skill deficits. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gabriels, Robin L.; Agnew, John A.] Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. [Gabriels, Robin L.; Agnew, John A.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Gabriels, Robin L.; Agnew, John A.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Ivers, Bonnie Jean; McNeill, John] Univ Denver, Grad Sch Profess Psychol, Denver, CO USA. [Hill, Dina E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychiat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gabriels, RL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, 1056 E 19th Ave,B-505, Denver, CO 80218 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.11.004 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100002 ER PT J AU Zachor, DA Ben-Itzchak, E Rabinovich, AL Lahat, E AF Zachor, Ditza A. Ben-Itzchak, Esther Rabinovich, Ana-Lia Lahat, Eli TI Change in autism core symptoms with intervention SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Eclectic-Developmental; Applied Behavioral Analysis; Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule AB It is still debated what is the best early intervention approach for autism. This study compared two intervention approaches, Eclectic-Developmental (ED) and Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) in very young children with autism/autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nineteen children received ED intervention, using combination of methods. Twenty children received Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) intervention which used behavioral principles. Children in both groups were not significantly different in their autism severity, cognitive abilities and in socio-economic background at pre-intervention time. Change in the severity of autism symptoms was assessed by the Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS). The ABA group showed significantly greater improvements than the ED group at post-intervention time. Pre-post intervention differences in language and communication domain were significant only for the ABA group. Both groups showed significant improvement in reciprocal social interaction domain. However, the effect size was greater for the ABA group. Changes in diagnostic classification were noted in both groups but were more pronounced for the ABA group. Pre-treatment IQ scores were positively related to ADOS scores at pre- and post-intervention times, but not to progress over time. 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PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 304 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.001 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100003 ER PT J AU Cihak, DF AF Cihak, David F. TI Teaching students with autism to read pictures SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Literacy; Elementary; Picture prompts AB This study examined the use of teaching three students with autism how to comprehend Pictures. Students were elementary-aged, did not speak, and needed communication training. Students were provided systematic visual literacy instruction. Visual literacy instruction consisted of comprehending familiar people, objects, actions, and sequences through motor demonstration. Students successfully acquired how to read pictures and generalize its understanding. Visual literacy skills were maintained at a 100% level for up to nine weeks. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cihak, DF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, A412 Claxton Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Dcihak@utk.edu CR ALBERTO PA, 2000, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V33, P60 Alpern G., 1988, VII ALWELL M, 1989, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V14, P91 BARLOW DH, 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bates PE, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P95, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00060-9 BILLINGSLEY F, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P229 BIRD F, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P37 Bondy A. 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E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN HOOGEVEEN FR, 1987, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V22, P77 HORNER RH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P719, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-719 Horner RH, 2005, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V71, P165 HUNT P, 1991, J SPEC EDUC, V25, P305 Koppenhaver DA, 2001, DISABIL REHABIL, V23, P149 Kravits TR, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P225, DOI 10.1023/A:1015457931788 Matson J. L., 2005, ED PSYCHOL, V25, P151, DOI DOI 10.1080/0144341042000301148 McCathren R, 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P21, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500103 ROBINSONWILSON MA, 1977, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V12, P69 SANDERS MR, 1989, BEHAV MODIF, V13, P168, DOI 10.1177/01454455890132002 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Schwartz IS, 1998, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V18, P144 SIEGEL B, 2000, ADVOCATE, V33, P22 SOWERS JA, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-119 SOWERS JA, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P81, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-81 Thinesen P J, 1981, Ment Retard, V19, P246 Vittimberga G. L, 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P194, DOI 10.1177/109830070100300401 WACKER DP, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-329 WACKER DP, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-417 WILKINSON KM, 1994, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V37, P883 YAMALL P, 2000, ADVOCATE, V33, P25 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.002 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100004 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Boisjoli, JA Gonzalez, ML Smith, KR Wilkins, J AF Matson, Johnny L. Boisjoli, Jessica A. Gonzalez, Melissa L. Smith, Kimberly R. Wilkins, Jonathan TI Norms and cut off scores for the autism spectrum disorders diagnosis for adults (ASD-DA) with intellectual disability SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Norms; Autism battery; Test; Comorbid; Behavior problems ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; TIME; AREA; AGE AB Establishing the cut-off scores for Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic (ASD-DA) scale for adults with intellectual disability (ID) and autism or PDD-NOS was the primary goal of this investigation. The aim of Study I was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between adults with ID with and without an autism spectrum disorder, and to determine a total score cut-off for this purpose. The aim of Study 2 was to determine if the ASD-DA was able to differentiate between autism and PDD-NOS in this population. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were computed for potential cut-off scores and were found to be acceptable. The implications of these data for diagnosing ASD in adults with ID are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM Johnmatson@aol.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Croen LA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P207, DOI 10.1023/A:1015453830880 de Bildt A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P595, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005997.92287.a3 FREEMAN BJ, 1984, BEHAV ASSESS, V6, P177 JACOBSON NS, 1991, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V59, P12, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.59.1.12 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Matson JL, 2006, ASSESS TREAT CHILD P, V1, P1 MATSON JL, RES DEV DIS IN PRESS Matson JL, 2003, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V15, P57, DOI 10.1023/A:1021404304361 MATSON JL, 2006, RELIABILITY FA UNPUB Matson JL, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P75, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.09.001 Matson JL, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P77, DOI 10.1023/A:1026019221036 Matson JL, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P38, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.07.004 Moore V, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P47, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007001018 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS Yeargin-Allsopp M, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P49, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.1.49 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100005 ER PT J AU Hilton, C Wente, L LaVesser, P Ito, M Reed, C Herzberg, G AF Hilton, Claudia Wente, Lyndsay LaVesser, Patricia Ito, Max Reed, Carol Herzberg, Georgiana TI Relationship between motor skill impairment and severity in children with Asperger syndrome SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Pervasive developmental disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; Manual dexterity; Ball skills; Balance skill AB This study examined the correlation between severity and motor impairment in children with Asperger syndrome (AS). Children, ages 6-12 with AS (N = 51) and a control group of typical children (N = 56), were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Movement Assessment Battery For Children (MABC). A bivariate correlational design was used to compare the scores (Spearman rank correlational coefficient). Significant differences were seen between typical, mild to moderate and severe categories of SRS scores, based on the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks (p < .05). Strong correlations were found between the MABC motor impairment levels and the SRS severity levels. This Study adds A clearer it understanding of the relationship between motor impairment and severity for children with AS.The degree of correlation indicates that motor skill impairment is a function of severity within AS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hilton, Claudia; Wente, Lyndsay] St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. [LaVesser, Patricia] Washington Univ, Program Occupat Therapy, St Louis, MO USA. [Ito, Max; Reed, Carol; Herzberg, Georgiana] Nova SE Univ, Occupat Therapy Dept, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Hilton, C (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Occupat Sci & Occupat Therapy, 3437 Caroline St, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM hiltonca@slu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 ASPERGER H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P23 ASPERGER H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P40 ASPERGER H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P4 Bruininks R. H., 1978, BRUININKS OSERETSKY *CDCP, 2006, AUT COMM IS AUT SPEC Chakrabarti S, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1133, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1133 Constantino JN, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P427, DOI 10.1023/A:1025014929212 Constantino JN, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P524, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Crawford Susan G., 2001, Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, V20, P29, DOI 10.1300/J006v20n02_03 Croce RV, 2001, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V93, P275 Dunn W., 1999, SENSORY PROFILE EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x Engstrom I, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P99, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007001008 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P43, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00065.x Gillberg Christopher, 2003, Neural Plasticity, V10, P59, DOI 10.1155/NP.2003.59 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 Gillberg C, 1998, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V172, P200, DOI 10.1192/bjp.172.3.200 Green D, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P655, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00054 Gubbay S. S., 1985, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY N, V2, P159 GUIFFRIDA C, 2001, UNDERSTANDING NATURE, P133 Henderson SE, 1992, MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT Hilton C, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P164, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.10.002 Kadesjo B, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P820, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199907000-00011 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x Larsen FW, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P181 VENTER A, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P489, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00887.x MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 Mawhood L, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P547, DOI 10.1017/S002196309900579X Miyahara M, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P595, DOI 10.1023/A:1025834211548 RUMSEY JM, 1985, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V24, P465, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60566-5 SPAGNA M, 2000, KAPLAN SADOCKS COMPR, pCH36 SZATMARI P, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P213, DOI 10.1007/BF02211842 WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.003 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100006 ER PT J AU Falcomata, TS Roane, HS Pabico, RR AF Falcomata, Terry S. Roane, Henry S. Pabico, Robert R. TI Unintentional stimulus control during the treatment of pica displayed by a young man with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Overselectivity; Pica; Stimulus control AB Pica is a potentially life-threatening behavior displayed by many individuals with developmental disabilities. In the present study, stimulus control procedures were examined during the treatment of pica exhibited by a 12-year-old boy with autism. First, the inhibitory effect of a treatment package was tested. Next, neutral stimuli (i.e., wristbands) were introduced and paired with the inhibitory treatment in an 6 attempt to establish stimulus control. Stimulus control was inadvertently achieved with an alternative A stimulus present in the environment (i.e., presence of the therapist) rather than the intended stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of the impact of stimulus overselectivity in the development of treatment programs for individuals with autism. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roane, Henry S.] Munroe Meyer Inst, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Roane, Henry S.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Falcomata, Terry S.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Roane, HS (reprint author), Munroe Meyer Inst, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, 985450 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM hroane@unmc.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT AZAROFF BS, 1991, BEHAV ANAL LASTING C DANFORD DE, 1982, AM J MENT DEF, V87, P141 HYMAN S L, 1990, Pediatrics, V85, P437 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P215, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215 JOHNSON WL, 1992, SELF INJURIOUS BEHAV, P21 JOHNSTON JM, 1993, BEHAV ANALYST, V16, P103 Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB LOVAAS OI, 1971, BEHAV RES THER, V9, P305, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(71)90042-8 LOVAAS OI, 1971, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V77, P211, DOI 10.1037/h0031015 OLIVER C, 1987, J MENT DEFIC RES, V31, P147 Piazza CC, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P165, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-165 Piazza CC, 2002, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V35, P233, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2002.35-233 Piazza CC, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P437, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-437 Rapp JT, 2001, BEHAV INTERVENT, V16, P111, DOI 10.1002/bin.79 REEVE SA, J APPL BEHA IN PRESS RINCOVER A, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P235, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-235 Roane HS, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P579, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-579 SCHROEDER SR, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P261, DOI 10.1007/BF01539629 Vollmer TR, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P561, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-561 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100007 ER PT J AU Ruble, LA McGrew, JH AF Ruble, Lisa A. McGrew, John H. TI Community services outcomes for families and children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Service outcomes; Community-based services; Child outcomes; Family outcomes AB In an era in which evidence based practices are becoming the standard of care, there is little evidence that the current array of services commonly delivered for those with autism is helpful. This Study describes community-based service utilization and caregiver-rated outcomes of services on symptoms of 113 children with autism spectrum disorders and their families. Parents/caregivers reported on nine types of services, received in the prior 6 months, which were evaluated against child and family Outcomes. Caregivers rated in-home behavior therapy as providing the best outcomes overall for the child and respite care as providing the best outcomes for the family. Younger children were reported to have better outcomes than older children. Polytherapy was the rule, rather than the exception, as children used a mean of 3.5 different services. The frequency of services and the number of different types of services utilized correlated with family but not L child outcomes. Examination of the potentiating effect of medication on outcomes of psychosocial interventions was not significant. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruble, Lisa A.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Ruble, LA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, 571 S Floyd St,Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM lisa.ruble@louisville.edu CR Alessandri M, 2005, Rev Neurol, V40 Suppl 1, pS131 Bodfish JW, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P318, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20045 Bromley J, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P409, DOI 10.1177/1362361304047224 Bryson SE, 2003, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V48, P506 CHEVARLEY E, 2006, UTILIZATION EXPENDIT, V24 Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY GOINKOCHEL RP, RES AUTISM IN PRESS Hoagwood K, 2001, PSYCHIATR SERV, V52, P1179, DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1179 Hurth J, 1999, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V12, P17 Jarbrink K, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P7, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001002 Kasari C, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P447, DOI 10.1023/A:1020546006971 Kohler F. W., 1999, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V14, P150, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835769901400304 Liptak GS, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P871, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0119-9 Posey D J, 2001, Expert Opin Pharmacother, V2, P587, DOI 10.1517/14656566.2.4.587 Ronder R W, 1999, Manag Care Q, V7, P23 RUBLE L, 2004, PARENTAL CAREGIVER E Ruble LA, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P3, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-1026-6 Tanguay PE, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P1079, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200009000-00007 THOMAS K, 2006, ANN M INT M AUT RES THOMAS K, J AUTISM DE IN PRESS Tuchman R, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P135, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20026 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD OCT-DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 4 BP 360 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.01.002 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V89QV UT WOS:000206060100008 ER PT J AU Goodson, J Sigafoos, J O'Reilly, M Cannella, H Lancioni, GE AF Goodson, John Sigafoos, Jeff O'Reilly, Mark Cannella, Helen Lancioni, Giulio E. TI Evaluation of a video-based error correction procedure for teaching a domestic skill to individuals with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE video prompting; error correction; domestic living skills; adults with developmental disabilities ID AUTISM AB We evaluated a video-based error correction procedure for teaching four adults with developmental disabilities to set a table. Video clips were initially used as an antecedent prompt. However, only one of the adults learned to set the table with this procedure. Consequently, the remaining three adults received intervention in which the video clips were also used as part of an error correction procedure. Specifically, if the participant did not complete the step correctly after an initial viewing of the video clip, they were prompted to watch the same video clip a second time and the trainer completed that step of the task if necessary. All three adults reached 100% correct on the task analysis when the error correction procedure was implemented. This error correction procedure may be useful for individuals who fail to learn with video prompting alone. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Educ, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Ohio State Univ, Special Educ Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Sigafoos, J (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Educ, Private Bag 66, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Jeff.Sigafoos@utas.edu.au CR Ayres KM, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P183 Belfiore P. J., 1994, AUTISM CHILDREN ADUL, P193 CANELLA H, IN PRESS ED TRAINING Haveman M, 1997, FAM RELAT, V46, P417, DOI 10.2307/585101 Hayden M F, 1997, Ment Phys Disabil Law Rep, V21, P411 Kennedy C, 2005, SINGLE CASE DESIGNS LEGRICE B, 1994, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V29, P321 Lukasson R, 2002, MENTAL RETARDATION D Norman J. M., 2001, Journal of Special Education Technology, V16 Peterson C., 1993, LEARNED HELPLESSNESS Shipley-Benamou R, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P165 Sigafoos J., 2005, J BEHAV ED, V14, P189, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10864-00506297-2 SIGAFOOS J, IN PRESS J BEHAV ED Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE TIONG SJ, 1992, BEHAV CHANGE, V9, P65 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 458 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.06.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 218KT UT WOS:000250015100002 PM 16860537 ER PT J AU Lancioni, GE O'Reilly, MF Cuvo, AJ Singh, NN Sigafoos, J Didden, R AF Lancioni, Giulio E. O'Reilly, Mark F. Cuvo, Anthony J. Singh, Nirbhay N. Sigafoos, Jeff Didden, Robert TI PECS and VOCAs to enable students with developmental disabilities to make requests: An overview of the literature SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE PECS; VOCA; developmental disabilities; request making ID EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM; VOICE OUTPUT COMMUNICATION; MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; ALTERNATIVE-COMMUNICATION; FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PEOPLE; AUTISM AB This paper provides an overview of the literature dealing with the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and voice output communication aids (VOCAs) for promoting the performance of requests by students with developmental disabilities. Computerized and manual searches were carried out to identify the studies published during the last 15 years (i.e., the period between 1992 and 2006 during which PECS and VOCA approaches became popular). Thirty-seven studies were identified and then divided into three groups concerning the use of the PECS or equivalents, the use of VOCAs or equivalents, and the comparison of both these approaches, respectively. Of the 173 students involved in studies using the PECS or equivalents only three could be considered failures, while a fourth one did not progress in the program due to illness. Similarly, of the 39 students who used VOCAs or equivalents only three could be considered failures, while one was partly successful. Finally, of the 11 students involved in the comparisons between PECS and VOCAs none could be classified as a failure. The results are very encouraging but methodological concerns and the relatively limited use of the systems in terms of request items and request opportunities suggest caution. Caution may also be needed in interpreting the reported similarities between the two systems in usability and effectiveness. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, I-70100 Bari, Italy. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Illinois, Carbondale, IL USA. ONE Res Inst, Midlothian, VA USA. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ Radboud Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Lancioni, GE (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, Via Quintino Sella 268, I-70100 Bari, Italy. EM g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it CR Beck AR, 2001, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V36, P255 BLISCHAK DM, 1996, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V12, P37, DOI 10.1080/07434619612331277468 Blischak DM, 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P170, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600305 Bock SJ, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P264 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Bondy A, 2004, BEHAV ANALYST, V27, P247 Bondy A. 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PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 468 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.06.003 PG 21 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 218KT UT WOS:000250015100003 PM 16887326 ER PT J AU Vedora, J Stromer, R AF Vedora, Joseph Stromer, Robert TI Computer-based spelling instruction for students with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE computer assisted instruction; computer-based spelling; transfer hand writing; reading; matching to sample; teenagers with developmental disabilities ID STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; TEACHING-CHILDREN; COMPLEX SAMPLES; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; ACQUISITION; SKILLS AB Learning to spell on the computer may lead to functionally useful writing skills. Alan and Suzy, teenagers with developmental disabilities, were already proficient on a variety of naming and matching tasks but had difficulties spelling; Suzy also made errors reading orally. In Experiment 1, computer teaching led to new anagram and written spelling performances. Suzy's reading also improved. On tabletop tasks, Alan and Suzy sorted and retrieved objects to a list they wrote and read aloud. When the tabletop tasks were repeated weeks later, Alan's spelling accuracy declined but Suzy's was nearly perfect. In Experiment 2, using a different and refined teaching format, Alan relearned his old words and Suzy learned to spell new words. Immediately afterwards, and weeks later, both Alan and Suzy performed nearly perfectly on the tabletop matching, sorting, and reading tasks. The results replicate previous research and extend it with a refined package of computer methods that establishes durable and potentially functional writing skills. The possibility that learning to spell also improves oral reading is worthy of further research. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Brown Coll, Ctr Community Serv & Dev, Toronto, ON M5A 3W8, Canada. 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Dev. Disabil. PD OCT-NOV PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 489 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.06.006 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 218KT UT WOS:000250015100004 PM 16904864 ER PT J AU Rennie, JM Hagmann, CF Robertson, NJ AF Rennie, Janet M. Hagmann, Cornelia F. Robertson, Nicola J. TI Outcome after intrapartum hypoxic ischaemia at term SO SEMINARS IN FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; learning disability; perinatal brain damage; perinatal hypoxic ischaemia; infant, newborn; magnetic resonance imaging ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; NEONATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY; NEWBORN ENCEPHALOPATHY; BRAIN-INJURY; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SYSTEMIC HYPOTHERMIA; PERINATAL ASPHYXIA; CHANGING PANORAMA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INFANTS AB We consider the range of childhood disabilities that have been attributed to perinatal hypoxic ischaemia at term and review the strength of evidence for each. The strongest evidence is for a causal link between acute profound hypoxic ischaemia and dyskinetic tetraplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Hemiplegic CP is not usually due to a perinatal hypoxic ischaemic insult at term; an important cause is focal cerebral infarction or 'stroke'. Characteristically, diplegic CP is seen in ex-preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia. Ataxic CP is unlikely to be due to perinatal asphyxia. Recent careful follow-up studies have shown that childhood survivors of perinatal hypoxic ischaernia are at risk for cognitive deficits even in the absence of functional motor disorders. There is no evidence that, in isolation, either attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism is caused by hypoxic ischaernia. As effective neuroprotective therapies are introduced, notably cooling, it is possible that the prevalence of CP may be reduced. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UCL Hosp, UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Inst Womens Hlth, London WC1E 6DH, England. RP Rennie, JM (reprint author), UCL Hosp, UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Inst Womens Hlth, Huntley St, London WC1E 6DH, England. 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Fetal Neonatal Med. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.siny.2007.07.006 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 222CE UT WOS:000250272900009 PM 17825633 ER PT J AU Keskin, S AF Keskin, Sabiha TI Separation anxiety: Autistic findings and ontogenic behavior developmental delay SO TURKIYE KLINIKLERI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI LA Turkish DT Article DE anxiety separation; obsessive behavior; autistic disorder ID TO-SKIN CONTACT; MOTHER; INFANT; RECOGNITION; PERSPECTIVE; DISORDERS; OXYTOCIN; PATTERN; ODORS AB Objective: Separation anxiety results in introvertedness and hence a delay or loss in ontogenic behavior development which simulates autism. This study was designed to prove the hypothesis that autistic findings regress with a catch-up gain in ontogenic behavior development with re-attachment, if separation anxiety is the cause in at least a subgroup of children with autistic findings. Material and Methods: Included in the study were 90 children with autistic findings according to the DSM IV criteria of whom 84 (93%) were boys and 6 (7%) were girls aged 17 and 48 months. (30.30 +/- 9.17). The initial neuropsychiatric findings were compared with those of gained following re-attachment for 1-7 mos. (3.2 +/- 1.2). Results: The comparison of the initial findings with those of gained following re-attachment (2.36 +/- 0.57; 1.01 +/- 0.89, p= 0.000) showed amelioration in autistic findings (2.60 +/- 0.47; 1.35 +/- 0.92, p= 0.000) and obsessive behavior (2.17 +/- 0.63; 1.06 +/- 0.85, p= 0.000), along with an improvement in ontogenic behavior development. Conclusion: It is believed that separation anxiety is a cause in at least a subset of children with autistic findings, since re-attachment prior to age 4 ameliorated autistic behavior and improved ontogenic behavior development. 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Klin. Tip Bilim. Derg. PD OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 664 EP 671 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 282QR UT WOS:000254582800005 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Price, C Goodson, B Shay, DK Benson, P Hinrichsen, VL Lewis, E Eriksen, E Ray, P Marcy, SM Dunn, J Jackson, LA Lieu, TA Black, S Stewart, G Weintraub, ES Davis, RL DeStefano, F AF Thompson, William W. Price, Cristofer Goodson, Barbara Shay, David K. Benson, Patti Hinrichsen, Virginia L. Lewis, Edwin Eriksen, Eileen Ray, Paula Marcy, S. Michael Dunn, John Jackson, Lisa A. Lieu, Tracy A. Black, Steve Stewart, Gerrie Weintraub, Eric S. Davis, Robert L. DeStefano, Frank CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; PRENATAL MERCURY EXPOSURE; VACCINE SAFETY DATALINK; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CONFOUNDER-SELECTION; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; CELL-DEATH; INFANTS AB Background It has been hypothesized that early exposure to thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative used in vaccines and immune globulin preparations, is associated with neuropsychological deficits in children. Methods We enrolled 1047 children between the ages of 7 and 10 years and administered standardized tests assessing 42 neuropsychological outcomes. (We did not assess autism-spectrum disorders.) Exposure to mercury from thimerosal was determined from computerized immunization records, medical records, personal immunization records, and parent interviews. Information on potential confounding factors was obtained from the interviews and medical charts. We assessed the association between current neuropsychological performance and exposure to mercury during the prenatal period, the neonatal period (birth to 28 days), and the first 7 months of life. Results Among the 42 neuropsychological outcomes, we detected only a few significant associations with exposure to mercury from thimerosal. The detected associations were small and almost equally divided between positive and negative effects. Higher prenatal mercury exposure was associated with better performance on one measure of language and poorer performance on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing levels of mercury exposure from birth to 7 months were associated with better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination and on one measure of attention and executive functioning. Increasing mercury exposure from birth to 28 days was associated with poorer performance on one measure of speech articulation and better performance on one measure of fine motor coordination. Conclusions Our study does not support a causal association between early exposure to mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines and immune globulins and deficits in neuropsychological functioning at the age of 7 to 10 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Grp Hlth Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, CA USA. 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Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 357 IS 13 BP 1281 EP 1292 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa071434 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 214BR UT WOS:000249711500004 PM 17898097 ER PT J AU Kelley, DJ Davidson, RJ Elliott, JL Lahvis, GP Yin, JCP Bhattacharyya, A AF Kelley, Daniel J. Davidson, Richard J. Elliott, Jamie L. Lahvis, Garet P. Yin, Jerry C. P. Bhattacharyya, Anita TI The Cyclic AMP Cascade Is Altered in the Fragile X Nervous System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Fragile X syndrome (FX), the most common heritable cause of mental retardation and autism, is a developmental disorder characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. FX results from a trinucleotide expansion mutation in the fmr1 gene that reduces levels of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Although research efforts have focused on FMRP's impact on mGluR signaling, how the loss of FMRP leads to the individual symptoms of FX is not known. Previous studies on human FX blood cells revealed alterations in the cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. We tested the hypothesis that cAMP signaling is altered in the FX nervous system using three different model systems. Induced levels of cAMP in platelets and in brains of fmr1 knockout mice are substantially reduced. Cyclic AMP induction is also significantly reduced in human FX neural cells. Furthermore, cAMP production is decreased in the heads of FX Drosophila and this defect can be rescued by reintroduction of the dfmr gene. Our results indicate that a robust defect in cAMP production in FX is conserved across species and suggest that cAMP metabolism may serve as a useful biomarker in the human disease population. Reduced cAMP induction has implications for the underlying causes of FX and autism spectrum disorders. Pharmacological agents known to modulate the cAMP cascade may be therapeutic in FX patients and can be tested in these models, thus supplementing current efforts centered on mGluR signaling. C1 [Bhattacharyya, Anita] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Stem Cells & Dev Disorders Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kelley, Daniel J.; Davidson, Richard J.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kelley, Daniel J.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Kelley, Daniel J.; Elliott, Jamie L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Med Scientist Training Program, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Lahvis, Garet P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Elliott, Jamie L.; Yin, Jerry C. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Stem Cells & Dev Disorders Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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Narayanan, Usha Bassell, Gary J. Warren, Stephen T. TI Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency leads to excessive mGluR5-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism ID LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MOUSE MODEL; MGLUR; TRAFFICKING; ENDOCYTOSIS; EXPRESSION; FMR1; LTD AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common inherited form of mental retardation, is caused by the functional absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of specific mRNAs at synapses. Altered synaptic plasticity has been described in a mouse FXS model. However, the mechanism by which the loss of FMRP alters synaptic function, and subsequently causes the mental impairment, is unknown. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 39 BP 15537 EP 15542 DI 10.1073/pnas.0707484104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215KJ UT WOS:000249806900065 PM 17881561 ER PT J AU Sheehan, W Thurber, S AF Sheehan, William Thurber, Steven TI John Couch Adams's asperger syndrome and the British non-discovery of Neptune SO NOTES AND RECORDS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adams; asperger syndrome; Neptune discovery ID SCIENTISTS; AUTISM; BRAIN AB We discuss the mathematical acumen of John Couch Adams together with cognitive and behavioural characteristics that suggest Asperger syndrome. We also review the historical events involved in the investigation of the unknown planet thought to be affecting the orbital motion of Uranus. Adams produced a vital computation necessary for the discovery of Neptune that was insufficient unless integrated with specialized knowledge of other members of a British 'team' and then presented formally to the scientific community. Reasoning from the premise that complex scientific discoveries often involve cooperative social dynamics, we conclude that Adams was precluded from sharing his contribution in a collaborative manner, in part, because of empathic and social communication deficiencies related to his disorder. However, it was a 'team' failure, not Adams's alone. C1 Woodland Ctr, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. Swift County Benson Hosp, Benson, MN 56215 USA. RP Thurber, S (reprint author), Woodland Ctr, 1125 SE 6th St, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. 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TI Clinical characterization of the HOXA1 syndrome BSAS variant SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUANES RETRACTION SYNDROME; INNER-EAR; CHROMOSOME 2Q31; CRANIAL NERVES; BRAIN-STEM; HINDBRAIN; MUTATIONS; GENE; EXPRESSION; HOX-1.6 AB Background: The Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome (BSAS) variant of the congenital human HOXA1 syndrome results from autosomal recessive truncating HOXA1 mutations. We describe the currently recognized spectrum of ocular motility, inner ear malformations, cerebrovascular anomalies, and cognitive function. Methods: We examined nine affected individuals from five consanguineous Saudi Arabian families, all of whom harbored the same 175-176insG homozygous mutation in the HOXA1 gene. Patients underwent complete neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, orthoptic, and neuropsychological examinations. Six individuals had CT, and six had MRI of the head. Results: All nine individuals had bilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) type 3, but extent of abduction and adduction varied between eyes and individuals. Eight patients were deaf with the common cavity deformity of the inner ear, while one patient had normal hearing and skull base development. Six had delayed motor milestones, and two had cognitive and behavioral abnormalities meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for autism spectrum disorder. MRI of the orbits, extraocular muscles, brainstem, and supratentorial brain appeared normal. All six appropriately studied patients had cerebrovascular malformations ranging from unilateral internal carotid artery hypoplasia to bilateral agenesis. Conclusions: This report extends the Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome phenotype and documents the clinical variability resulting from identical HOXA1 mutations within an isolated ethnic population. Similarities between this syndrome and thalidomide embryopathy suggest that the teratogenic effects of early thalidomide exposure in humans may be due to interaction with the HOX cascade. C1 [Bosley, T. M.; Oystreck, D. T.] King Khalid Eye Specialist Hosp, Neuroophthalmol Div, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Salih, M. A.] King Saud Univ, King Khalid Univ Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Alorainy, I. A.] King Saud Univ, King Khalid Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Bosley, T. M.; Nester, M.] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [Abu-Amero, K. K.] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [Tischfield, M. A.; Engle, E. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Genom, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Tischfield, M. A.; Engle, E. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA USA. RP Bosley, TM (reprint author), Cooper Univ Hosp, Div Neurol, 3 Cooper Plaza,Suite 320, Camden, NJ 08103 USA. 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Eiris-Punal, J. Ansede, A. Castro-Gago, M. TI Clinical and genetic aspects of 22q13.3 deletion syndrome SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA French DT Letter ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHROMOSOME 22Q13.3; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM; DISORDERS; TRANSLOCATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; 22Q C1 Hosp Clin Univ, Serv Neuropediat, Dept Pediat, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Hosp Clin Univ, Fac Med, Serv Genet, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. RP Castro-Gago, M (reprint author), Hosp Clin Univ, Serv Neuropediat, Dept Pediat, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. 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Neurologia PD SEP 16 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 217DW UT WOS:000249929600013 PM 17899522 ER PT J AU Lombardo, MV Barnes, JL Wheelwright, SJ Baron-Cohen, S AF Lombardo, Michael V. Barnes, Jennifer L. Wheelwright, Sally J. Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have profound impairments in the interpersonal social domain, but it is unclear if individuals with ASC also have impairments in the intrapersonal self-referential domain. We aimed to evaluate across several well validated measures in both domains, whether both self-referential cognition and empathy are impaired in ASC and whether these two domains are related to each other. Methodology/Principal Findings. Thirty adults aged 19-45, with Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism and 30 age, sex, and IQ matched controls participated in the self-reference effect (SRE) paradigm. In the SRE paradigm, participants judged adjectives in relation to the self, a similar close other, a dissimilar non-close other, or for linguistic content. Recognition memory was later tested. After the SRE paradigm, several other complimentary self- referential cognitive measures were taken. Alexithymia and private self-consciousness were measured via self- report. Self-focused attention was measured on the Self-Focus Sentence Completion task. Empathy was measured with 3 self-report instruments and 1 performance measure of mentalizing (Eyes test). Self-reported autistic traits were also measured with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Although individuals with ASC showed a significant SRE in memory, this bias was decreased compared to controls. Individuals with ASC also showed reduced memory for the self and a similar close other and also had concurrent impairments on measures of alexithymia, self- focused attention, and on all 4 empathy measures. Individual differences in self- referential cognition predicted mentalizing ability and self-reported autistic traits. More alexithymia and less self memory was predictive of larger mentalizing impairments and AQ scores regardless of diagnosis. In ASC, more self- focused attention is associated with better mentalizing ability and lower AQ scores, while in controls, more self- focused attention is associated with decreased mentalizing ability and higher AQ scores. Increasing private self- consciousness also predicted better mentalizing ability, but only for individuals with ASC. Conclusions/Significance. We conclude that individuals with ASC have broad impairments in both self-referential cognition and empathy. These two domains are also intrinsically linked and support predictions made by simulation theory. Our results also highlight a specific dysfunction in ASC within cortical midlines structures of the brain such as the medial prefrontal cortex. C1 [Lombardo, Michael V.; Barnes, Jennifer L.; Wheelwright, Sally J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Lombardo, MV (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. EM ml437@cam.ac.uk FU Shirley Foundation; Cambridge Overseas Trust; Fulbright Foundation; Medical Research Council (MRC) FX Funding: MVL was supported by the Shirley Foundation and the Cambridge Overseas Trust. JLB was supported by the Fulbright Foundation. SJW and SBC were supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) during the period of this work. 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Growth factors have been found to play a key role in the cellular differentiation and proliferation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is detected in several regions of the developing and adult brain, where, it enhances the differentiation, maturation, and survival of a variety of neurons. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) isoforms play an important role in neuronal survival, and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to exhibit neurotrophic activity. We examined the association of EGF, TGF beta 1, and HGF genes with autism, in a trio association study, using DNA samples from families recruited to the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange; 252 trios with a male offspring scored for autism were selected for the study. Transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant haplotypic association of EGF with autism. No significant SNP or haplotypic associations were observed for TGF beta 1 or HGF. Given the role of EGF in brain and neuronal development, we suggest a possible role of EGF in the pathogenesis of autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. RIKEN Brain Sci Inst, Lab Mol Psychiat, Wako, Saitama, Japan. Chukyo Univ, Fac Sociol, Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Osaka Hamamatsu Joint Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 43131, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Osaka Hamamatsu Joint Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. Hamamatsu Med Ctr, Positron Med Ctr, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Obu, Aichi, Japan. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. 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Kaczmarski, Wojciech Flory, Michael Frackowiak, Janusz TI Altered development of neuronal progenitor cells after stimulation with autistic blood sera SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; neurogenesis; neuronal progenitor cell; cell culture; serum; morphometry ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL STEM-CELLS; ADULT HUMAN BRAIN; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; NEUROGENESIS; DISORDERS; CNS AB Changes of brain structure and functions in people with autism may result from altered neuronal development, however, no adequate cellular or animal models are available to study neurogenesis in autism. Neuronal development can be modeled in culture of neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) stimulated with serum to differentiate into neurons. 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TI A seizure-prone phenotype is associated with altered free-running rhythm in Pten mutant mice SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; autism; EEG/EMG; circadian rhythm; anxiety; tau ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GRANULE CELL DISPERSION; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3-BETA; LHERMITTE-DUCLOS-DISEASE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; PRION PROTEIN; NEGATIVE REGULATION AB Conditional deletion of Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten) in differentiated cortical and hippocampal neurons in the mouse results in seizures, macrocephaly, social interaction deficits and anxiety, reminiscent of human autism spectrum disorder. Here we extended our previous examination of these mice using electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) monitoring and found age-related increases in spontaneous seizures, which were correlated with cellular dispersion in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Increased spontaneous locomotor activity in the open field on the first and the second day of a 3-day continuous study suggested heightened anxiety in Pten mutant mice. In contrast, the mutants exhibited decreased wheel running activity, which may reflect reduced adaptability to a novel environment. Synchronization to the light-dark cycle was normal, but for up to 28 days under constant darkness, the Pten mutants maintained a significantly lengthened and remarkably constant free-running period of almost exactly 24 h. This result implies the involvement of Pten in the maintenance of circadian rhythms, which we interpret as being due to an effect on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Dev Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Sinton, CM (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 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PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 1168 BP 112 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.074 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 218UX UT WOS:000250041700014 PM 17706614 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Bigler, ED Alexander, AL Lazar, M DuBray, MB Chung, MK Johnson, M Morgan, J Miller, JN McMahon, WM Lu, J Jeong, EK Lainhart, JE AF Lee, Jee Eun Bigler, Erin D. Alexander, Andrew L. Lazar, Mariana DuBray, Molly B. Chung, Moo K. Johnson, Michael Morgan, Jubel Miller, Judith N. McMahon, William M. Lu, Jeffrey Jeong, Eun-Kee Lainhart, Janet E. TI Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter in the superior temporal gyrus and temporal stem in autism SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autism; diffusion tensor imaging; superior temporal gyrus; temporal stem; white matter; anisotropy; diffusivity; magnetic resonance imaging ID ABNORMALITIES; BRAIN; LOBE; CONNECTIVITY; PERCEPTION; ACTIVATION; CORTEX; MRI AB Recent MRI studies have indicated that regions of the temporal lobe including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the temporal stem (TS) appear to be abnormal in autism. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements of white matter in the STG and the TS were compared in 43 autism and 34 control subjects. DTI measures of mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were compared between groups. In all regions, fractional anisotropy was significantly decreased and both mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were significantly increased in the autism group. These results suggest that white matter microstructure in autism is abnormal in these temporal lobe regions, which is consistent with theories of aberrant brain connectivity in autism. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Anesthesiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Univ Utah, Neurosci Program, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Adv Imaging Res, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Inst Brain, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Alexander, AL (reprint author), Waisman Ctr Mental Retardat & Human Dev, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 424 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.042 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 216CG UT WOS:000249854800011 PM 17714869 ER PT J AU Pellicano, E Jeffery, L Burr, D Rhodes, G AF Pellicano, Elizabeth Jeffery, Linda Burr, David Rhodes, Gillian TI Abnormal adaptive face-coding mechanisms in children with autism spectrum disorder SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUALS; ADAPTATION; AMYGDALA AB In low-level vision, exquisite sensitivity to variation in luminance is achieved by adaptive mechanisms that adjust neural sensitivity to the prevailing luminance level. In high-level vision, adaptive mechanisms contribute to our remarkable ability to distinguish thousands of similar faces [1]. A clear example of this sort of adaptive coding is the face-identity aftereffect [2-5], in which adaptation to a particular face biases perception toward the opposite identity. Here we investigated face adaptation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by asking them to discriminate between two face identities, with and without prior adaptation to opposite-identity faces. The ASD group discriminated the identities with the same precision as did the age- and ability-matched control group, showing that face identification per se was unimpaired. However, children with ASD showed significantly less adaptation than did their typical peers, with the amount of adaptation correlating significantly with current symptomatology, and face aftereffects of children with elevated symptoms only one third those of controls. These results show that although children with ASD can learn a simple discrimination between two identities, adaptive face-coding mechanisms are severely compromised, offering a new explanation for previously reported face-perception difficulties [6-8] and possibly for some of the core social deficits in ASD [9, 10]. 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TI Estimating head circumference from pediatric imaging studies: An improved method SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE head circumference; magnetic resonance (MR); computed tomography (CT); head imaging; normative growth ID BRAIN SIZE; GROWTH; FETAL; CHARTS; BIRTH; CHILDHOOD; AUTISM; LIFE; MRI AB Rationale and Objectives. Head circumference (HQ is an important developmental measure used both clinically and in research. This paper advances a method to estimate HC from imaging studies when a direct HC-tape measurement cannot be secured. Unlike former approaches, the model takes into account the fact that growth is nonlinear, and that HC growth rates are sexually dimorphic. Materials and Methods. A model was first established based on published data to represent the normative HC growth curves for males and females. Then, using magnetic resonance (MR) studies of 90 subjects (birth to 18 years), a linear method to estimate HC was adapted to take into account the nonlinear and sex-specific HC normative growth curves. The accuracy of this model was tested prospectively by comparing the estimated HC with HC measurements from twelve computed tomography (CT) studies using the perimeter tracing of oblique slices that correspond to the plane at which a clinical HC-tape measurement is secured. Results. Prospective comparison of estimated HC to HC tracings using a paired t-test validates that the model provides an accurate estimation of the measured HC (t= -.845, p=0.416 overall; t=.54, p=.615 for females and t= -2.34, p=.066 for males). Discussion. HC can be calculated indirectly from imaging studies. The model is highly predictive of HC-tape measurements and provides the physician or scientist with a very reliable method to secure HC when it is not feasible to secure the HC-tape measurement. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. RP Vorperian, HK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, 1500 Highland Ave,Room 430, Madison, WI 53705 USA. 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Radiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1102 EP 1107 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2007.05.012 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 205RX UT WOS:000249133400013 PM 17707318 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Helping children with autism learn: Treatment approaches for parents and professionals. SO ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Book Review CR SIEGEL B, 2007, HELPING CHILDREN AUT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIBRA PUBLISHERS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 3089C CLAIREMONT DR SUITE 383, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0001-8449 J9 ADOLESCENCE JI Adolescence PD FAL PY 2007 VL 42 IS 167 BP 626 EP 627 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 225OE UT WOS:000250526400031 ER PT J AU Kidd, PM AF Kidd, Parris M. TI Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition, behavior, and mood: Clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids SO ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE REVIEW LA English DT Review ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ETHYL-EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; VISUAL RESOLUTION ACUITY; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of premature death.They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on behavior and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites. In double-blind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correlate with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Huntington disease has responded to EPA. Omega-3 phospholipid supplements that combine DHA/EPA and phospholipids into the same molecule have shown marked promise in early clinical trials. Phosphaticlylserine with DHA/ EPA attached (Omega-3 PS) has been shown to alleviate AD/ HD symptoms. Krill omega-3 phospholipids, containing mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC) with DHA/EPA attached, markedly outperformed conventional fish oil DHA/EPA triglycerides in double-blind trials for premenstrual syndrome/dysmenorrhea and for normalizing blood lipid profiles. Krill omega-3 phospholipids demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, lowering C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a double-blind trial. Utilizing DHA and EPA together with phospholipids and membrane antioxidants to achieve a "triple cell membrane synergy" may further diversify their currently wide range of clinical applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kidd, PM (reprint author), 10379 Wolf Dr, Grass Valley, CA 95949 USA. 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Recent literature claimed that the developmental homeobox gene DLX5 is imprinted and that its imprinting status is modulated by MeCP2, leading to biallelic expression in Rett syndrome and twofold overexpression of Dlx5 and Dlx6 in Mecp2-null mice. The conclusion that DLX5 is a direct target of MeCP2 has implications for research on the molecular bases of Rett syndrome, autism, and genomic imprinting. Attempting to replicate the reported data, we evaluated allele-specific expression of DLX5 and DLX6 in mouse x human somatic cell hybrids, lymphoblastoid cell lines, and frontal cortex from controls and individuals with MECP2 mutations. We identified novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DLX5 and DLX6, enabling the first imprinting studies of DLX6. We found that DLX5 and DLX6 are biallelically expressed in somatic cell hybrids and in human cell lines and brain, with no differences between affected and control samples. We also determined expression levels of Dlx5 and Dlx6 in forebrain from seven male Mecp2-mutant mice and eight wild-type littermates by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Expression of Dlx5 and Dlx6, as well as of the imprinted gene Peg3, in mouse forebrain was highly variable, with no consistent differences between Mecp2-null mutants and controls. We conclude that DLX5 and DLX6 are not imprinted in humans and are not likely to be direct targets of MeCP2 modulation. In contrast, the imprinting status of PEG3 and PEG10 is maintained in MeCP2-deficient tissues. Our results confirm that MeCP2 plays no role in the maintenance of genomic imprinting and add PEG3 and PEG10 to the list of studied imprinted genes. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Francke, U (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, 279 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 81 IS 3 BP 492 EP 506 DI 10.1086/520063 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 205PX UT WOS:000249128200006 PM 17701895 ER PT J AU Oner, O Devrimci-Ozguven, H Oktem, F Yagmurlu, B Baskak, B Munir, KM AF Oner, O. Devrimci-Ozguven, H. Oktem, F. Yagmurlu, B. Baskak, B. Munir, K. M. TI Proton MR spectroscopy: Higher right anterior cingulate N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio in Asperger syndrome compared with healthy controls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM; BRAIN; CHILDREN; CORTEX AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One former study reported higher prefrontal N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in patients with Asperger syndrome (AS). The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that patients with AS would have higher dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex NAA/creatine (Cr) and that NAA/Cr would be correlated with symptom severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NAA/choline (Cho), NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr values revealed by H-1-MR spectroscopy in 14 right-handed male patients with AS (6 medicated with risperidone), 17-38 years of age, diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria were compared with those of 21 right-handed male controls frequency-matched by age and intelligence quotient scores. RESULTS: Patients with AS had significantly higher anterior cingulate NAA/Cho levels (z = -2.18, P .028); there was a statistical trend for higher anterior cingulate NAA/Cr (z = - 1.81, P =.069) that was significant when only the unmedicated patients with AS were taken into account (z = -1.95, P.050). There were no significant differences in dorsoleteral prefrontal MR spectroscopy values. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that individuals with AS had higher NAA/Cho levels in the right anterior cingulate compared with healthy controls and that higher anterior cingulate NAA/Cho levels were correlated with higher Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total scores. C1 SB Ankara Diskapi Childrens Hosp, Child Psychiat Dept, Ankara, Turkey. Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Child Psychiat Dept, Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Oner, O (reprint author), Gelincik Sokak 11-10, Ankara, Turkey. 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J. Neuroradiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1494 EP 1498 DI 10.3174/ajnr.A0625 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 213DC UT WOS:000249645300020 PM 17846198 ER PT J AU Roberts, JE King-Thomas, L Boccia, ML AF Roberts, Jane E. King-Thomas, Linda Boccia, Marcia L. TI Behavioral indexes of the efficacy of sensory integration therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE behavior; efficacy; pediatric; sensory integration ID OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISORDERS; ATTENTION; AUTISM AB OBJECTIVE. The study examined behavioral treatment effects of classical sensory integration therapy. METHOD. This study used a prospective longitudinal, single-subject ABAB design. The participant was a boy, age 3 years and 5 months, with average nonverbal intellectual skills, delayed communication skills, and sensory modulation disorder. Difficulties with modulating sensory input and delayed communication skills affected his occupational performance in preschool. Behavioral data were collected in the preschool by teachers who were blind to the type and timing of sensory integration therapy. RESULTS. improvement in behavior regulation was observed, including increased engagement and decreased aggression, less need for intense teacher direction, and decreased mouthing of objects. CONCLUSION. Classical sensory integration therapy may be associated with improved self-regulatory behaviors. C1 Univ N Carolina, FPG Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Dev Therapy Associates Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Roberts, JE (reprint author), 517 S Greensboro St, Carrboro, NC 27510 USA. 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E., 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES, P285 LARRINGTON G, 1987, SENSORY INTEGRATIVE, P101 Linderman TM, 1999, AM J OCCUP THER, V53, P207 Miller U., 2001, UNDERSTANDING NATURE, P57 RICHARDS JE, 1987, CHILD DEV, V58, P488, DOI 10.2307/1130525 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 5 BP 555 EP 562 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 212JG UT WOS:000249592000009 PM 17944293 ER PT J AU Watling, RL Dietz, J AF Watling, Renee L. Dietz, Jean TI Immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration-based occupational therapy intervention on children with autism spectrum disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Conference of the American-Occupational-Therapy-Association CY MAY 19, 2004 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Occupat Therapy Assoc DE A. Jean Ayres; autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); pediatric; sensory integration ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MOTOR INTEGRATION; RELIABILITY AB OBJECTIVE. This study examined the effects of Ayres's sensory integration intervention on the behavior and task engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Clinical observations and caregiver reports of behavior and engagement also were explored to help guide future investigations. METHOD. This single-subject study used an ABAB design to compare the immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration and a play scenario on the undesired behavior and task engagement of 4 children with ASD. RESULTS. No clear patterns of change in undesired behavior or task management emerged through objective measurement. Subjective data suggested that each child exhibited positive changes during and after intervention. CONCLUSION. When effects are measured immediately after intervention, short-term Ayres's sensory integration does not-have a substantially different effect than a play scenario on undesired behavior or engagement of young children with ASD. However, subjective data suggest that Ayres's sensory integration may produce an effect that is evident during treatment sessions and in home environments. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Div Occupat Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Watling, RL (reprint author), 30355 121st Pl SE, Auburn, WA 98092 USA. EM rwatling@u.washington.edu CR American Occupational Therapy Association, 2002, AM J OCCUPATIONAL TH, V56, P609 Ayres A. 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Tager-Flusberg, Helen Carter, Alice S. Kadlec, Mary Beth Dunn, Winnie TI Extreme sensory modulation behaviors in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); behavior; pediatric; sensory modulation ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PROFILE; ABNORMALITIES; EXPERIENCES; DYSFUNCTION; ATTENTION; ISSUES AB This study examined the incidence of extreme sensory modulation behaviors in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and investigated the consistency of sensory information across measures. Parent report of sensory behaviors in 101 toddlers with ASD was compared with 100 toddlers who were typically developing matched on chronological age and 99 additional infants or toddlers matched on mental age. Measures included the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile, Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. Toddlers with ASD were most distinct from typically developing groups in their high frequency of underresponsiveness and avoiding behaviors and their low frequency of seeking. Within the toddlers with ASD, there were significant associations across sensory parent report measures, but parent report was not correlated with clinical observation. Findings point to the early onset of an extreme sensory profile in ASD. Occupational therapists need to assess multiple domains of sensory behaviors to accurately identify the needs of toddlers with ASD. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Studies Adv Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Occupat Therapy Educ, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 61 IS 5 BP 584 EP 592 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 212JG UT WOS:000249592000012 PM 17944296 ER PT J AU Matheson, C Olsen, RJ Weisner, T AF Matheson, Catherine Olsen, Rebecca J. Weisner, Thomas TI A good friend is hard to find: Friendship among adolescents with disabilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; QUALITY; ACCOMMODATION; LONELINESS; AUTISM AB We asked 27 Euro American teens ages 16 to 17 with developmental disabilities in Los Angeles to describe friendships. Eleven characteristics of friendship reported in the research literature (similarity, proximity, transcending context, companionship, reciprocity, mutuality, intimacy, support, trust/loyalty, conflict management, and stability) were mentioned by at least some teens. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[0319:AGFIHT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 204DS UT WOS:000249024400002 PM 17676957 ER PT J AU Iacoboni, M Mazziotta, JC AF Iacoboni, Marco Mazziotta, John C. TI Mirror neuron system: Basic findings and clinical applications SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER; LATERAL INTRAPARIETAL AREA; SACCADE-RELATED ACTIVITY; VENTRAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; FRONTAL EYE FIELDS; GRASP REPRESENTATIONS; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; MOTOR FACILITATION; ACTION RECOGNITION; IMITATION SKILLS AB In primates, ventral premotor and rostral inferior parietal neurons fire during the execution of hand and mouth actions. Some cells (called mirror neurons) also fire when hand and mouth actions are just observed. Mirror neurons provide a simple neural mechanism for understanding the actions of others. 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D'Oronzio, Rosanna Garbett, Krassi Ebert, Philip J. Mirnics, Karoly Levitt, Pat Persico, Antonio M. TI Disruption of cerebral cortex MET signaling in autism spectrum disorder SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; INTERNEURON DEVELOPMENT; MUCOSAL REPAIR; GENOME-WIDE; RECEPTOR; GENE; ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE AB Objective: Multiple genes contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility. One particularly promising candidate is the MET gene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in brain circuit formation, immune function, and gastrointestinal repair. The MET promoter variant rs1858830 allele "C" is strongly associated with ASD and results in reduced gene transcription. Here we examined expression levels of MET and members of the MET signaling pathway in postmortem cerebral cortex from ASD cases and healthy control subjects. Methods: Protein, total RNA, and DNA were extracted from postmortem temporal cortex gray matter samples (BA 41/42, 52, or 22) belonging to eight pairs of ASD cases and matched control subjects. MET protein expression was determined by Western blotting; messenger RNA expression of MET and other related transcripts was assayed by microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: MET protein levels were significantly decreased in ASD cases compared with control Subjects. This was accompanied in ASD brains by increased messenger RNA expression for proteins involved in regulating MET signaling activity. Analyses of coexpression of MET and HGF demonstrated a positive correlation in control subjects that was disrupted in ASD cases. Interpretation: Altered expression of MET and related molecules suggests dysregulation of signaling that may contribute to altered circuit formation and function in ASD. The complement of genes that encode proteins involved in MET activation appears to undergo long-term compensatory changes in expression that may be a hallmark contribution to the pathophysiology of ASD. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Univ Rome, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Rome, Italy. IRCCS, Fdn S Lucia, Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. RP Levitt, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Dept Pharmacol, POB 40 Peabody,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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Neurol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1002/ana.21180 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 217GS UT WOS:000249937000010 PM 17696172 ER PT J AU Nimer, J Lundahl, B AF Nimer, Janelle Lundahl, Brad TI Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis SO ANTHROZOOS LA English DT Article DE AAT; animal-assisted therapy; meta-analysis ID PET-FACILITATED THERAPY; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; CHILDREN; DEPRESSION; DISABILITIES; INPATIENTS; ANXIETY; DISEASE; DOG AB Animal-assisted therapy (AXT) has been practiced for many years and there is now increasing interest in demonstrating its efficacy through research. To date, no known quantitative review of AAT studies has been published; our study sought to fill this gap. We conducted a comprehensive search of articles reporting on AAT in which we reviewed 250 studies, 49 of which met our inclusion criteria and were submitted to meta-analytic procedures. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 804 EP 804 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800027 ER PT J AU Wu, C Cramond, AC Woon, FM Cannon, PC Bigler, ED Cleavinger, HB Johnson, JL Lainhart, JE AF Wu, C. Cramond, A. C. Woon, F. M. Cannon, P. C. Bigler, E. D. Cleavinger, H. B. Johnson, J. L. Lainhart, J. E. TI Fusiform gyral volume, intellectual ability and autism SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 804 EP 805 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800029 ER PT J AU Woon, FM Cramond, AC Wu, C Cannon, PC Bigler, ED Cleavinger, HB Johnson, JL Lainhart, JE AF Woon, F. M. Cramond, A. C. Wu, C. Cannon, P. C. Bigler, E. D. Cleavinger, H. B. Johnson, J. L. Lainhart, J. E. TI Intelligence scores and amygdala volume in individuals with autism SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 805 EP 805 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800030 ER PT J AU Arffa, S Knapp, J Basista, CE Yarger, L AF Arffa, S. Knapp, J. Basista, C. E. Yarger, L. TI Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical differences among autism spectrum disorders SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 806 EP 806 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800034 ER PT J AU Basista, CE Knapp, J Yarger, L Arffa, S AF Basista, C. E. Knapp, J. Yarger, L. Arffa, S. TI Executive dysfunction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 826 EP 826 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800086 ER PT J AU Cramond, AJ Wooon, FM Wu, C Cannon, PC Bigler, ED Cleavinger, HH Johnson, JI Lainhart, JE AF Cramond, A. J. Wooon, F. M. Wu, C. Cannon, P. C. Bigler, E. D. Cleavinger, H. B. Johnson, J., I Lainhart, J. E. TI Intellectual function and thalamic volume in Autism SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 828 EP 828 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 223GD UT WOS:000250356800091 ER PT J AU Angley, M Young, R Ellis, D Chan, W McKinnon, R AF Angley, Manya Young, Robyn Ellis, David Chan, Wilson McKinnon, Ross TI Children and autism - Part 1 - recognition and pharmacological management SO AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; CROSSOVER TRIAL; ANTIPSYCHOTICS; HALOPERIDOL; RISPERIDONE; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB BACKGROUND Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by complex aetiology, variable presentation and widely divergent outcomes. It is clear that an individual's intrinsic genetic susceptibility, health, nutritional status and environmental exposures all contribute to the aetiology of autism. OBJECTIVE This article aims to assist the general practitioner in recognising and managing a child with an autistic disorder. DISCUSSION Screening for autism by the GP can lead to referral for a formal diagnosis, enabling much needed support at ail early stage of development, which can improve outcomes for the individual, Currently, evidence for psychotropic use and awareness of adverse effects in young people with autism is limited. Antipsychotic medications are increasingly used in people with autism and the importance of monitoring for adverse effects is paramount, Primary strategies for dealing with children with autism are understanding, environmental modification and behavioural interventions. Combined with these, pharmacological interventions may have benefits for children with autism with extreme or challenging behaviours, C1 [Angley, Manya] Univ S Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Qual Use Med & Pharm Res Ctr, Sansom Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Young, Robyn] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Psychol, Early Intervent Res Program Children Autism, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Ellis, David] Womens & Childrens Hosp, Children Youth & Womens Hlth Serv, Adelaide, SA, Australia. RP Angley, M (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Qual Use Med & Pharm Res Ctr, Sansom Inst, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. 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Fam. Physician PD SEP PY 2007 VL 36 IS 9 BP 741 EP 744 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278LO UT WOS:000254287500022 PM 17915375 ER PT J AU Gutstein, SE Burgess, AF Montfort, K AF Gutstein, Steven E. Burgess, Audrey F. Montfort, Ken TI Evaluation of the Relationship Development Intervention program SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; caregiver training; Relationship Development Intervention ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARLY RECOGNITION; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; DOMAINS AB This study is the second in a series evaluating the effectiveness of Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) to address unique deficits inherent in autism spectrum disorders. RDI is a parent-based, cognitive-developmental approach, in which primary caregivers are trained to provide daily opportunities for successful functioning in increasingly challenging dynamic systems. This study reviewed the progress of 16 children who participated in RDI between 2000 and 2005. Changes in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), flexibility, and school placement were compared prior to treatment and at a minimum 30 month follow-up period. While all children met ADOS/ADI-R criteria for autism prior to treatment, no child met criteria at follow-up. Similar positive results were found in relation to flexibility and educational placement. Generalizability of current findings is limited by the lack of a control or comparison group, constraints on age and IQ of treated children, parent self-selection, and parent education conducted through a single clinic setting. C1 Connect Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Gutstein, SE (reprint author), Connect Ctr, Houston, TX USA. 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Twenty-three children treated at the Mifne Institute in Israel between 1997 and 1999 were assessed. Videos taken before coming to Mifne and after intensive treatment at the institute and before and after another 6 months of continued treatment at children's homes were coded and blind rated by trained personnel using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Social Behavior Rating Scale (SBRS). Total scores on both scales improved significantly after 3 weeks and after 6 months. There were some significant improvements at item level although the magnitude of the changes was modest. Despite the small number of participants, the modest increase in test scores, and the retrospective study design, these preliminary results are promising. There is a case for performing a full prospective, comparative investigation of this treatment approach. C1 Rivka Ziv Hosp, Safed, Israel. Univ Basel Hosp, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Apter, A (reprint author), Rivka Ziv Hosp, Safed, Israel. EM apter@post.tau.ac.il CR ALONIM H, 2002, POSTTREATMENT SOCIAL Alonim Hanna, 2004, J Child Adolesc Ment Health, V16, P39, DOI 10.2989/17280580409486562 Bowlby J., 1969, ATTACHMENT LOSS, V1 FEINSTEIN C, 1982, AM AC CHILD AD PSYCH GREESPAN S, 1998, CHILD SPECIAL NEEDS Howlin P, 1997, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V6, P55 Howlin P, 2000, AUTISM, V4, P63, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001005 KAUFMAN B, 1981, SON RISE Minuchin S., 1974, FAMILIES FAMILY THER National Research Council, 2001, ED CHILDR AUT Rogers SJ, 1998, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V27, P138, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15374424JCCP2702_1 Rutter M, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P257, DOI 10.1007/BF02172023 SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 Smith A, 2003, NAT REV DRUG DISCOV, V2, P8 Tustin F., 1981, AUTISTIC STATES CHIL WINNICOTT DW, 1960, INT J PSYCHOANAL, V41, P585 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1177/1362361307079605 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 218XS UT WOS:000250049900003 PM 17942455 ER PT J AU Delinicolas, EK Young, RL AF Delinicolas, Erin K. Young, Robyn L. TI Joint attention, language, social relating, and stereotypical behaviours in children with autistic disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; joint attention; language; social relating ID INFANTS; GAZE; COMMUNICATION; INTERVENTION; IMITATION; DIRECTION; PLAY AB This study aimed to investigate the relationships between abilities to initiate and respond to joint attention and symptoms of autism that have, and have not, been theoretically linked to joint attention. Participants were 5 1 boys and five girls with autistic disorder, aged between 2 years and 6 years 5 months. Measures of joint attention behaviours, language, social relating, and stereotypical behaviour were administered during a single assessment. As predicted, the correlations between joint attention and the two behaviours theoretically linked to joint attention (i.e. social relating and language) were significantly stronger than those between joint attention and the behaviour not theoretically linked (i.e. stereotypical behaviour). While causation cannot be inferred from this study, these results support the suggestion that difficulties with joint attention behaviours commonly found among children with autism are linked to language and social relating, beyond what might be expected simply due to their co-occurrence as symptoms. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Delinicolas, EK (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM Erin.Delinicolas@flinders.edu.au CR ACHENBACH T, 2000, LANGUAGE DEV SURVEY *AMERICAN PSYCHIAT, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BALDWIN DA, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P875, DOI 10.2307/1131140 BaronCohen S, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P48 Charman T, 1997, DEV PSYCHOL, V33, P781, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.33.5.781 Charman T, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P265, DOI 10.1080/136820310000104830 Dawson G, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P271, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 Delgado CEF, 2002, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V45, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/057) DELINCOLAS EK, 2006, 19 BIENN M INT SOC S DUNNY LM, 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA Jones E.A., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P13, DOI 10.1177/10883576040190010301 Kasari C, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P207 McArthur D, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P481, DOI 10.1007/BF02172271 Morales M, 1998, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V21, P373, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90014-5 MUNDY P, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P389, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006003 Mundy P, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P653, DOI 10.1023/A:1025802832021 Mundy P, 1998, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V21, P469, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90020-0 MUNDY P, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x Mundy P, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P139 MUNDY P, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P115, DOI 10.1007/BF02206861 MUNDY P, 2003, UNPUB MANUAL ABRIDGE Rescorla L, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P434, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/035) Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Sheinkopf SI, 2004, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V16, P273, DOI 10.1017/S0954579404044517 Sigman M., 1999, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V64 SIGMAN M, 1996, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P189 Slaughter V, 2003, J GENET PSYCHOL, V164, P54 STEIGER JH, 1980, PSYCHOL BULL, V87, P245, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.87.2.245 Vaughan A, 2003, INFANCY, V4, P603, DOI 10.1207/S15327078IN0404_11 Young R, 2002, INT REV RES MENT RET, V25, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0074-7750(02)80007-6 Young RL, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P125, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002002 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1177/1362361307079595 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 218XS UT WOS:000250049900004 PM 17942456 ER PT J AU South, M Ozonoff, S Mcmahon, WM AF South, Mikle Ozonoff, Sally Mcmahon, William M. TI The relationship between executive functioning, central coherence, and repetitive behaviors in the high-functioning autism spectrum SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; central coherence; executive function; repetitive behavior ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CHILDREN; MIND; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; PROFILES AB This study examined the relationship between everyday repetitive behavior (primary symptoms of autism) and performance on neuropsychological tests of executive function and central coherence (secondary symptoms). It was hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of repetitive behavior would be positively correlated with laboratory measures of cognitive rigidity and weak central coherence. Participants included 19 individuals (ages 10-19) with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD group) and 18 age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls (TD group). There was partial support in the ASD group for the link between repetitive behavior and executive performance (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task). There was no support for a link between repetitive behavior and measures of central coherence (a Gestalt Closure test and the Embedded Figures Test). Further research on repetitive behaviors in autism may benefit from a focus on narrow behavioral and cognitive constructs rather than general categories. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP South, M (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM mikle_south@byu.edu RI South, Mikle/H-4978-2013 OI South, Mikle/0000-0003-0152-1257 CR *AMERICAL PSYCHIAT, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x Baron-Cohen S, 2005, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V28, P109, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144137 DAMASIO AR, 1978, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V35, P777 Evans DW, 2004, BRAIN COGNITION, V55, P220, DOI 10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00274-4 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 GRANT DA, 1948, J EXP PSYCHOL, V38, P404, DOI 10.1037/h0059831 Greaves N, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P92, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00726.x Hughes C, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P255 Joseph RM, 2004, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V16, P137, DOI 10.1017/S095457940404444X Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B KAUFMANN AS, 1994, KAUFMAN SHORT NEUROS KOEGEL RL, 1985, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V26, P185, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1985.tb02259.x Liss M, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P261, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006679 Lopez B. R., 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P245 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Ozonoff S., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P29, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300041003 Ozonoff S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P257, DOI 10.1023/A:1010794902139 Ozonoff S., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P606 Ozonoff S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1023052913110 Pierce K, 2001, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V49, P655, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01008-8 Ronald A, 2006, SCIENCE, V311, P952, DOI 10.1126/science.311.5763.952a Russell J, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P103, DOI 10.1023/A:1023084425406 SANDSON J, 1984, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V22, P715, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(84)90098-8 Sears LL, 1999, PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH, V23, P613, DOI 10.1016/S0278-5846(99)00020-2 SHAH A, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x SOUTH M, 1999, UNPUB YALE SPECIAL I SOUTH M, IN PRESS HDB DEV COG South M, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P145, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-1992-3 Turner JS, 1999, J HIGH SPEED NETW, V8, P3 Turner M. A., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P57 Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 437 EP 451 DI 10.1177/1362361307079606 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 218XS UT WOS:000250049900005 PM 17942457 ER PT J AU Jarbrink, K AF Jaerbrink, Krister TI The economic consequences of autistic spectrum disorder among children in a Swedish municipality SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE asperger syndrome; autism; autistic spectrum disorder; cost analysis; Sweden ID DISEASE; COSTS; MEN AB In this study, the societal economic consequences Of KEYWORDS autistic spectrum disorder were investigated using a sample of parents of children identified with the disorder and living in a Swedish municipality Cost information was collected using a postal questionnaire that was developed through experiences gained from an earlier study. Using conservative assumptions, the additional societal cost due to the disorder was estimated to be approximately (sic)50,000 annually per child. Parents of children with the disorder spent an average of about 1000 hours per year additionally caring for and supporting their child. The study indicates that the major cost drivers for autistic spectrum disorder among children can be found within the community for support and schooling, while the major impact on relatives is on time spent and thereby quality of life rather than a financial burden. C1 Inst Psychiat, London, England. RP Jarbrink, K (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, London, England. EM k.jarbrink@iop.kcl.ac.uk CR Beecham J, 2001, MEASURING MENTAL HLT, V2nd, P200 Beecham J, 1992, MEASURING MENTAL HLT, P203 Henriksson F, 2001, EUR J NEUROL, V8, P27, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00169.x Jarbrink K, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P395, DOI 10.1023/A:1025058711465 JOHANNESSON M, 1995, J INTERN MED, V237, P19 JOHANNESSON M, 1992, J HYPERTENS, V10, P1063 KOOPMANSCHAP MA, 1995, J HEALTH ECON, V14, P171, DOI 10.1016/0167-6296(94)00044-5 *STATISITICS SWEDE, 2005, GEN MAN FAST PRIS LO *STATISITICS SWEDE, 2005, UND INFL NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1177/1362361307079602 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 218XS UT WOS:000250049900006 PM 17942458 ER PT J AU Custance, DM Bujak, E AF Custance, Deborah M. Bujak, Emmelianna TI Imitation and the social mind: Autism and typical development SO AUTISM LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ London, Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Custance, DM (reprint author), Univ London, Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, London WC1E 7HU, England. CR CUSTANCE DM, 1995, BEHAVIOUR, V132, P837, DOI 10.1163/156853995X00036 Dautenhahn K, 2002, IMITATION ANIMALS AR HURLAY SH, 2005, PERSPECTIVES IMIATAT, V1 HURLEY S, 2005, PERSPECTIVES IMIATAT, V2 Meltzoff A.N., 2002, IMITATIVE MIND DEV E Rogers S. J., 2006, IMITATION SOCIAL MIN NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD SEP PY 2007 VL 11 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1177/1362361307083507 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 218XS UT WOS:000250049900007 ER PT J AU Cuvo, AJ Vallelunga, LR AF Cuvo, Anthony J. Vallelunga, Lori R. TI A transactional systems model of autism services SO BEHAVIOR ANALYST LA English DT Article DE autism; autism services; transactional ecological systems; transactional systems; development AB There has been an escalation in the number of children identified with autism spectrum disorders in recent years. To increase the likelihood that treatments for these children are effective, interventions should be derived from sound theory and research evidence. Absent this supportive foundation, intervention programs could be inconsequential if not harmful. Although atypical, the development of children with autism should be considered initially from the perspective of the same variables that affect the development of typical children. In addition, the developmental deviations that characterize autism must be considered when developing intervention programs. Behavioral systems models describe both typical and atypical development and emphasize dynamic multidirectional person-environment transactions. The environment is viewed as having multiple levels, from the individuals with autism themselves, to larger societal and cultural levels. Behavioral systems models of human development can be generalized to a transactional systems model of services for children with autism. This model is the foundational theoretical position of the Southern Illinois University Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders. The center's programs are described to illustrate the application of the model to multiple levels of the social ecology. C1 [Cuvo, Anthony J.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Cuvo, AJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Mail Code 6607, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM acuvo@siu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 2007, MODELING CONTEXTUAL Bijou S. W., 1978, BEHAV ANAL CHILD DEV BRONFENBRENNER U, 1977, AM PSYCHOL, V32, P513, DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513 Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV EX Cicchetti D, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P597 Feinberg E., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P130, DOI [10.1177/108835760001500301, DOI 10.1177/108835760001500301] Green G., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P15 Holmbeck GN, 2003, EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, P21 Horowitz FD, 1987, EXPLORING DEV THEORI Le Couteur A., 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Lerner R. M., 2005, MAKING HUMAN BEINGS, p[ix, xxvi] LERNER RM, 1985, DEV REV, V5, P309, DOI 10.1016/0273-2297(85)90016-4 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Mash E. 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Department of Health and Human Services, 1999, MENT HLTH REP SURG G YELL M, 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P138, DOI 10.1177/10883576030180030101 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0738-6729 EI 2196-8918 J9 BEHAV ANALYST JI Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 161 EP 180 PG 20 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 242VQ UT WOS:000251754700004 PM 22478495 ER PT J AU Simon, JL Morris, EK Smith, NG AF Simon, Jennifer L. Morris, Edward K. Smith, Nathaniel G. TI Trends in women's participation at the meetings of the Association for Behavior analysis: 1975-2005 SO BEHAVIOR ANALYST LA English DT Article DE Association for Behavior Analysis; conference participation; journal authorship; gender ID SCIENCE; GENDER; PSYCHOLOGY; SEX; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; PLAY; EXPERIENCES; EDUCATION; CHILD AB We examined women's participation, relative to men's at the annual meetings of the Association for Behavior Analysis (ABA) between 1975 and 2005. Among our findings are upward trends in female presenters across formats (e.g., posters), types of authorship (e.g., first authors), and specialty areas (e.g., autism). Where women have attained parity, however, they are still often underrepresented, given their percentage of membership. Women also participate less than men as sole and invited authors and discussants and in the domains of basic research and conceptual analysis, but participate more than men in the applied domain. Data from the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis show parallel but delayed trends toward parity in basic and applied research, whereas data from The Behavior Analyst show only modest gains in the conceptual domain. We discuss the-gender disparities in ABA's more prestigious categories of participation (e.g,, invited addresses) and across its content domains, as well as in science in general, and the role of social and cultural factors in producing the disparities and how behavior analysts might aid in correcting them. C1 [Simon, Jennifer L.; Morris, Edward K.; Smith, Nathaniel G.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Simon, JL (reprint author), Kansas City Autism Training Ctr, 7501 Belinder Ave, Prairie Village, KS 66208 USA. 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Arco, Lucius TI Using video modeling for generalizing toy play in children with autism SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE video modeling; autism; play behavior; generalizing; teaching; children ID TECHNOLOGY; SEQUENCES; TODDLERS; SKILLS; PEER AB The present study examined effects of video modeling on generalized independent toy play of two boys with autism. Appropriate and repetitive verbal and motor play were measured, and intermeasure relationships were examined. Two single-participant experiments with multiple baselines and withdrawals across toy play were used. One boy was presented with three physically unrelated toys, whereas the other was presented with three related toys. Video modeling produced increases in appropriate play and decreases in repetitive play, but generalized play was observed only with the related toys. Generalization may have resulted from variables including the toys' common physical characteristics and natural reinforcing properties and the increased correspondence between verbal and motor play. C1 Edith Cowan Univ, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Arco, L (reprint author), Edith Cowan Univ, Perth, WA, Australia. 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F., 1986, CHILDRENS SOCIAL BEH, P407 Sturmey P, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P3, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010401 Taylor BA, 1999, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V11, P253, DOI 10.1023/A:1021800716392 THELEN MH, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P701 WOLFBERG PJ, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P467, DOI 10.1007/BF01046051 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 660 EP 681 DI 10.1177/0145445507301651 PG 22 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 199IJ UT WOS:000248689100007 PM 17699123 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Matson, ML Rivet, TT AF Matson, Johnny L. Matson, Michael L. Rivet, Tessa T. TI Social-skills treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders - An overview SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Review DE social skills; children; autism spectrum disorders ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; TEACHING-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TIME-DELAY; FACILITATE SOCIALIZATION; INTERPERSONAL SKILLS; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; SELF-MANAGEMENT AB Marked advances in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has occurred in the past few decades, primarily using applied behavior analysis. However, reviews of trends in social skills treatment for children with ASDs have been scant, despite a robust and growing empirical literature on the topic. In this selective review of 79 treatment studies, the authors note that the research has been particularly marked by fragmented development, using a range of intervention approaches and definitions of the construct. Modeling and reinforcement treatments have been the most popular model from the outset, with most studies conducted in school settings by teachers or psychologists. Investigators have been particularly attentive to issues of generalization and follow-up. However, large-scale group studies and comparisons of different training strategies are almost nonexistent. These trends and their implications for future research aimed at filling gaps in the existing literature are discussed. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Modificat. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 682 EP 707 DI 10.1177/0145445507301650 PG 26 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 199IJ UT WOS:000248689100008 PM 17699124 ER PT J AU Bartz, JA McInnes, LA AF Bartz, Jennifer A. McInnes, L. Alison TI CD38 regulates oxytocin secretion and complex social behavior SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article DE oxytocin ID RECEPTOR GENE-EXPRESSION; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; PARTNER PREFERENCE; MICROTINE RODENTS; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; KNOCKOUT MICE; FEMALE RATS; AUTISM; VASOPRESSIN; RECOGNITION AB The peptide hormone oxytocin plays a critical role in regulating affiliative behaviors including mating, pair-bond formation, maternal/parenting behavior, social recognition, separation distress and other aspects of attachment. Jin and colleagues(1) recently reported intriguing findings that CD38, a transmembrane receptor with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, plays a critical role in maternal nurturing behavior and social recognition by regulating oxytocin secretion. This research may have implications for understanding disorders marked by deficits in social cognition and social functioning, including autism, social anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Bartz, JA (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230,Atran Bldg,E Level,R, New York, NY 10029 USA. 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Here, by using kinematic methods, we show that in contrast to normally developing children, children with autism seem to be immune to motor contagious processes. In the main experiment, involving twelve high-functioning autistic children ( six males and six females, 10-13 years old, mean 11.1 years) and 12 normally developing controls ( age and gender matched), two participants, a model and an observer, were seated facing each other at a table. The model was a normally developing child but the observer was either a normally developing or autistic child. The model was requested to grasp a stimulus or simply to gaze towards the target which could be presented alone or flanked by a distractor object. After watching the model, the observer was asked to grasp the object ( always in the absence of the distractor). Despite the distractor being removed, the kinematics of normally developing children was affected by having observed an action performed in the presence of a distractor, thus revealing a transfer of interference from the model's action. Consistent with prior evidence, this transfer of interference effect was also present when the model simply looked at the target in the presence of the distractor object. In contrast, autistic children did not show any interference effect either from action or from gaze observation. A control experiment explored the importance of the information coming from the model's gaze pattern in eliciting the effects of motor contagion in normally developing children. In this case, the model was asked to fix their eyes on the target despite the presence of the distractor. Results highlight the importance of gaze direction in motor contagion, demonstrating that in normal children blocking the gaze prevented the transfer of interference. Altogether, these findings suggest that eye gaze plays a central role in eliciting motor contagion. We discuss these results in light of the deficit exhibited by children with autism in reading intentions from gaze. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Psicol Gen, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Turin, Ctr Cognit Sci, Dipartimento Psicol, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 3052, Australia. Rotal Holloway Univ London, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Becchio, C (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Psicol Gen, I-35131 Padua, Italy. 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This retrospective follow-up study aimed to clarify the characteristics of epilepsy in the autism; onset of seizure, seizure types, EEG findings and epilepsy outcome and the differences as a group between the autism with epilepsy and those without epilepsy. One hundred thirty individuals with autistic disorder or atypical autism diagnosed in childhood were followed up over 10 years and were evaluated almost every year up to 18-35 years of age. Their medical records related to perinatal conditions, IQ, social maturity scores and several factors of epilepsy were reviewed in October 2005. Thirty-three of the follow-up group (25%) exhibited epileptic seizures. The onset of epilepsy was distributed from 8 to 26 years of age. Two types of seizure were observed; partial seizure with secondarily generalized seizure and generalized seizure. Twenty of the epileptics (61%) showed the partial seizure. Although 18% of the non-epileptic group exhibited epileptic discharges on EEG, 68% of the epileptic group revealed epileptiform EEG findings before the onset of epilepsy. No differences were observed concerning the sex ratio, autistic disorder/atypical autism and past history of febrile seizures between the epileptic and non-epileptic groups. Lower IQ, lower social maturity score and higher frequency of prescribed psychotropics were observed in the epileptic group compared to the non-epileptics. Idiopathic autism was confirmed as the high risk factor for epilepsy. Epileptiformi EEG findings predict subsequent onset of epileptic seizures in adolescence. Epilepsy is one of negative factors on cognitive, adaptive and behavioral/emotional outcomes for individuals with autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yokohama Cent Area Habilitat Ctr Children, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Kanagawa Day Treatment & Guidance Ctr Children, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Hara, H (reprint author), Yokohama Cent Area Habilitat Ctr Children, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2006.12.012 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 207YG UT WOS:000249286400006 PM 17321709 ER PT J AU Itaba-Matsumoto, N Maegawa, S Yamagata, H Kondo, I Oshimura, M Nanba, E AF Itaba-Matsumoto, Noriko Maegawa, Shinji Yamagata, Hidehisa Kondo, Ikuko Oshimura, Mitsuo Nanba, Eiji TI Imprinting status of paternally imprinted DLX5 gene in Japanese patients with Rett syndrome SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome (RTT); methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2); imprinted gene; distal-less homeobox gene 5 (DLX5) ID CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION PATTERNS; MECP2 MUTATIONS; MOUSE MODEL; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; BRAIN; DEFICIENCY; LOCATION; AUTISM; BLOOD AB Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked severe neurodevelopmental disorder mostly affecting female and is mainly caused by mutations of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). MECP2, which has a crucial role for transcriptional repression and chromatin remodeling, consists of methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) and transcriptional repression domain (TRD). Paternally imprinted distal-less homeobox gene 5 (DLX5), that has an important role for the development of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons, was identified as a target of MECP2 recently. We selected the 12 samples from the 40 RTT lymphoblast cell lines by a mononucleotide repeat polymorphism within the 3'UTR of DLX5. In 12 samples, 5 and 6 samples have the mutations located in MBD and TRD, respectively. No expression and 25-75% expression of the mutated MECP2 allele were detected in 4 samples with MBD mutation and 4 samples with TRD mutation. In this study, the expression of mutated MECP2 alleles was low especially in the samples with the MBD mutation suggesting the biased frequency of the cells during the culture. However, a sample with high expression of mutated MECP2 in TRD mutation showed bialleic expression of DLX5 suggesting loss of imprinting. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tottori Univ, Res Ctr Biosci & Technol, Div Funct Genom, Tottori 6838503, Japan. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Toon City, Ehime 7910295, Japan. Ibaraki Prefectural Handicapped Childrens Ctr, Dept Pediat, Mito, Ibaraki 3100845, Japan. Tottori Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Biomed Sci Regenerat Med & Biofunct, Tottori 6838503, Japan. RP Nanba, E (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Res Ctr Biosci & Technol, Div Funct Genom, 86 Nishicho, Tottori 6838503, Japan. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.01.006 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 207YG UT WOS:000249286400007 PM 17363207 ER PT J AU Floricel, F Higaki, K Maki, H Nanba, E Ninomiya, H Ohno, K AF Floricel, Florin Higaki, Katsumi Maki, Hirotoshi Nanba, Eiji Ninomiya, Haruaki Ohno, Kousaku TI Antisense suppression of TSC1 gene product, hamartin, enhances neurite outgrowth in NGF-treated PC12h cells SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE hamartin; tuberin; cell cycle; neurite outgrowth; RhoA ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS GENE; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; DIRECT TARGET; GTPASE; PROTEINS; MTOR; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ADHESION; GROWTH AB Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by benign tumors (hamartomas) in various organs. The brain is one of the most severely affected organs with neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, mental retardation and autism. The identification of TSC genes (TSCI and TSC2) and their gene products (hamartin and tuberin, respectively), revealed that they function together as a complex. However, mutations in TSC2 are often accompanied by more severe neurologic deficits. Here, we show that hamartin and tuberin play different roles in NGF-treated cultured neuronal cells PC12h. The level of hamartin in PC12h cells was slightly and gradually increased, while those of tuberin rapidly increased upon NGF-induced neuronal differentiation in PC 1 2h cells. Antisense for TSC1 (TSC1 -AS) or TSC2-AS reduced expression of hamartin or tuberin, respectively, and enhanced S-phase of cell cycle in PC12h cells. Suppression of hamartin significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth after NGF-treatment in PC12h cells, while suppression of tuberin inhibited neurite outgrowth. Expression of activated Vl4RhoA reverted TSC I -AS induced abnormal neurite development. These results suggest that loss of hamartin results in abnormal neurite elongation through Rho inactivation in NGF-treated PC12h cells, which may be associated with the neurological manifestations of TSC. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Inst Neurol Sci, Div Child Neurol, Yonago, Tottori 6838503, Japan. Tottori Univ, Res Ctr Biosci & Technol, Div Funct Genom, Yonago, Tottori 6838503, Japan. Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Sch Life Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Yonago, Tottori 6838503, Japan. RP Ohno, K (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Inst Neurol Sci, Div Child Neurol, Yonago, Tottori 6838503, Japan. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.01.007 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 207YG UT WOS:000249286400009 PM 17376623 ER PT J AU Marui, T Funatogawa, I Koishi, S Yamamoto, K Matsumoto, H Hashimoto, O Nanba, E Nishida, H Sugiyama, T Kasai, K Watanabe, K Kano, Y Kato, N Sasaki, T AF Marui, Tetsuya Funatogawa, Ikuko Koishi, Shinko Yamamoto, Kenji Matsumoto, Hideo Hashimoto, Ohiko Nanba, Eiji Nishida, Hisami Sugiyama, Toshiro Kasai, Kiyoto Watanabe, Kelichiro Kano, Yukiko Kato, Nobumasa Sasaki, Tsukasa TI Tachykinin 1 (TAC1) gene SNPs and haplotypes with autism: A case-control study SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; chromosome 7; TAC1; genetic association; glutamate system; haplotype block ID SUBSTANCE-P; RETT-SYNDROME; ASSOCIATION; TWIN; MICE AB Autism (MIM 209850) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by disturbances in social interaction and communication, by repetitive body movements and restricted interests, and by atypical language development. Several twin and family studies have shown strong evidence for genetic factors in the etiology of autism. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain. Glutamate systems are involved in the pathophysiology of autism. There are many similarities between the symptoms evoked by glutamate antagonist treatment and symptoms of autism found in several human and animal studies. To elucidate the genetic background of autism, we analyzed the relationship between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Tachykinin 1 gene (TACI) and autism, because TACI is located in the candidate region for autism and produces substance P and neurokinins. These products modulate glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission and are also involved in inflammation. Many different inflammation-related mechanisms could be involved in the autistic brain. Therefore, TACI may have some functions associated with he presumable pathophysiology of autism. We compared the allele and haplotype frequencies between autistic patients (n = 170) and normal controls (n = 214) in the Japanese population, but no significant difference was observed. Thus, the TACI locus is not likely to play a major role in the development of autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Tokyo, Japan. Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Publ Hlth, Tokyo 173, Japan. Aichi Childrens Hlth & Med Ctr, Obu, Japan. Kitasato Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228, Japan. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Isehara, Kanagawa 25911, Japan. Aino Univ, Fac Nursing & Rehabil, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ibaraki, Japan. Tottori Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Yonago, Tottori, Japan. Asunaro Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Tsu, Mie, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Hlth Serv Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Marui, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Tokyo, Japan. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 510 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.01.010 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 207YG UT WOS:000249286400010 PM 17376622 ER PT J AU Avis, K Tan, L Anderson, C Tan, B Muhajarine, N AF Avis, Kyla Tan, Leonard Anderson, Cathy Tan, Ben Muhajarine, Nazeem TI Taking a closer look: An examination of measles, mumps, and rubella immunization uptake in Saskatoon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; POOR CHILDREN; VACCINE; AUTISM; OPPORTUNITIES; POPULATION; BARRIERS; COVERAGE AB Background: Immunization is one of the most successful public health initiatives in Canada, yet continuous monitoring of coverage rates is essential to ensure high uptake for sustained success. The purpose of this study was to utilize newly available data from the Saskatchewan immunization Management System (SIMS) to examine city and neighbourhood uptake of the Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine and identify potential factors that contribute to low immunization uptake in Saskatoon. Methods: The study examined records for 10,287 two year olds between 1999 and 2002 using an ecological study design. The first step consisted of simple rate calculations to determine the total, complete, up-to-date and not up-to-date immunization rates for the city of Saskatoon and in each residential neighbourhood. Quantitative neighbourhood-level data were then used to determine if neighbourhood variables could significantly contribute to the variation in immunization coverage. Results: The findings revealed MMR/MR immunization rates were relatively stable between 1999 and 2002. However, significant disparities were found at the neighbourhood level, with areas of social and economic disadvantage having lower rates of total, complete, and up-to-date immunization uptake compared to areas of greater social and economic wealth. Multivariate linear regression revealed 80.6% of variation in up-to-date immunization uptake in Saskatoon could be explained by the proportion of single mothers and vehicles per capita in the neighbourhood. Conclusion: Significant inequities in immunization uptake exist on the neighbourhood level in Saskatoon. These findings are supported by the literature and may indicate the presence of real or perceived barriers to immunization in some Saskatoon neighbourhoods. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Coll Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Nursing, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. Saskatoon Hlth Reg, Publ Hlth Serv, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 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TI Representation and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the primate ventral lateral prefrontal cortex SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Kavli Symposium on Dynamic Landscape of the Frontal Lobe held in Honour of Patricia Goldman-Rakic CY MAY 04-05, 2006 CL New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH-PERCEPTION; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; WORKING-MEMORY TASK; FRONTAL-CORTEX; RHESUS-MONKEY; MACAQUE MONKEYS; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; POPULATION CODES; AUTISM AB Through the influence of Goldman-Rakic, much research has been focused on the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in spatial working memory, decision making, and saccade generation, whereas functions of other parts of the frontal lobe including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VILPFC) are less clear. Previous studies in non-human primates have shown that some VLPFC cells are selectively responsive to faces. Recent findings indicate that adjacent to the region where face- and object-selective cells have been recorded are neurons which respond to complex sounds including human and monkey vocalizations. Furthermore, when neurons in this same region are tested with combined face and voice communication stimuli, it is apparent that some cells in VLPFC are multisensory and respond to audiovisual stimuli. The determination that ventral prefrontal neurons are multisensory and responsive to auditory and visual communication stimuli may help to establish an animal model to assist in the investigation of the circuit and cellular basis of human communication. This will also aid in the understanding of general frontal lobe function and the processes that go awry in disorders including autism and schizophrenia, where disturbances in prefrontal function have been noted. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Ctr Navigat & Commun Sci, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. 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TI Abnormal spatial frequency processing in high-functioning children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PDD; locally focused; visual processing; spatial frequency; visual evoked potentials (VEPs); dipoles ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; CORTICAL RESPONSES; CHECKERBOARD ONSET; GLOBAL PRECEDENCE; HUMAN INFANTS; CHECK-SIZE AB Objective: Basic abnormalities in visual information processing could be associated with the local visual bias often found in subjects with PDD. Therefore, the present study investigated the existence of deficits in spatial frequency processing at an early sensory level in children with PDD. Methods: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and VEP dipole sources elicited by high and low spatial frequency gratings were analyzed in high-functioning children with PDD and matched controls. Results: Around 80 ms (N80-latency) children with PDD did not show the same robust differences between high and low spatial frequencies in VEP amplitude and VEP brain sources as controls, because of atypical processing of high frequencies. Analyses at the P1-latency (130 ms) revealed that, although similar inferior-medial brain sources were activated for the processing of both spatial frequencies in the PDD and control group, source strength in response to both frequencies was weaker in the PDD compared to control group. Moreover, additional superior-lateral brain sources were activated during the processing of both frequencies in the PDD group. Conclusions: Decreased specialized processing of high and low spatial frequencies might be a robust characteristic of PDD, Early in processing abnormalities in high spatial frequency processing seem to occur in PDD. At a later phase in processing there seems to be both atypical high and low spatial frequency processing. Considering that the processing of specific spatial frequencies plays an important role in the processing of global and local aspects of hierarchical stimuli and faces and of emotions, present data suggest that peculiarities in PDD subjects with respect to these stimuli might be related to an abnormality in more fundamental visual processes. Significance: A basic abnormality in visual frequency processing is established in children with PDD. (C) 2007 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Maastricht Univ, Dept Neurocognit, Maastricht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Dept Psychonom & Psychopharmacol, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Boeschoten, MA (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, PO Box 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 118 IS 9 BP 2076 EP 2088 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.004 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 209BW UT WOS:000249364200023 PM 17591458 ER PT J AU McCarthy, J AF McCarthy, Jane TI Children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; autistic disorder; children; intellectual disability; mental disorder ID HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 22Q11.2 DELETION; YOUNG-PEOPLE; ADOLESCENTS; HYPERACTIVITY; EXPENDITURES; TEENAGERS; BEHAVIORS; CROSSOVER AB Purpose of review The present article reviews the increasing literature on comorbidity, treatment and use of health service resources for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability from January 2006 to January 2007. Recent findings Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability have a high prevalence of attention -deficit/hyperactive disorder, mood disorders, without autism. Psycho pharmacology is effective in reducing symptoms of behavioural problems and attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, although further studies are required Autism spectrum disorders are recognized to occur with Smith-Lemli-Optiz syndrome,and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders have a high use of mental health services. Summary There is increasing evidence of the comorbidity of psychiatric and behavioural disorders in young people with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability responding to established treatments. This high morbidity results in increased healthcare expenditure compared with children without autism and intellectual disability. C1 S London & Maudsely NHS Fdn Trust, London, England. 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Psychol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1169 DI 10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1156 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 205ZB UT WOS:000249152600008 PM 17723042 ER PT J AU Karatekin, C AF Karatekin, Canan TI Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development SO DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE development; eye movements; saccades; antisaccades; smooth pursuit; pupillary dilation; ADHD; schizophrenia; autism; pervasive developmental disorders ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; SACCADIC REACTION-TIME; OCULOMOTOR RESPONSE-INHIBITION; LATERAL INTRAPARIETAL AREA; SMOOTH-PURSUIT; WORKING-MEMORY; PUPILLARY RESPONSES; ANTISACCADE TASK AB This paper reviews the use of eye tracking measures (saccades, smooth-pursuit eye movements, fixations during scene and face perception, and pupillary dilation) to study typical and clinical populations of children and adolescents and evaluates the use of these measures. The studies are evaluated with a focus on points that may be of general interest to developmentalists (the contribution of contextual and temporal factors in performance, methods of analyzing age-related differences, and the role of the psychometric properties of the tests in interpretation of differences across age and clinical groups). Some limitations of eye tracking are pointed out (e.g., the nature of the relation between oculomotor and other motor systems, constraints in making inferences about the brain from psychophysiological data). Finally, the potential of eye tracking measures for probing normative and abnormal development is explored. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Karatekin, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, 51 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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The intraclass correlation (ICC) has been proposed as a useful statistic for evaluating heterogeneity because it allows one to compare an individual's auditory ERP with the grand average waveform from a typically developing reference group. We used this method to reanalyse auditory ERPs from a sample previously described by Uwer, Albrecht and von Suchodoletz (2002). In a subset of children with receptive SLI, there was less correspondence (i.e. lower ICC) with the normative waveform (based on the control grand average) than for typically developing children. This poorer correspondence was seen in responses to both tone and speech stimuli for the period 100-228 ms post stimulus onset. The effect was lateralized and seen at right- but not left-sided electrodes. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. Univ Munich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Bishop, DVM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. 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Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 10 IS 5 BP 576 EP 587 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00620.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 197ZA UT WOS:000248594800009 PM 17683344 ER PT J AU Mechling, LC AF Mechling, Linda C. TI Assistive technology as a self-management tool for prompting students with intellectual disabilities to initiate and complete daily tasks: A literature review SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review ID PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; MODERATE MENTAL-RETARDATION; PICTURE ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; OPERATED AUDITORY PROMPTS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; VOCATIONAL TASKS; TACTILE PROMPT; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB This paper summarizes the results of a review of the empirical literature (1990-2005) focusing on use of assistive technology as a self-management tool for persons with intellectual disabilities. Forty investigations were identified which provided information on assistive technology to assist persons with disabilities to initiate and complete daily tasks. Four areas of research were defined and analyzed through the identified studies: (a) pictorial prompts; (b) tactilee prompts; (c) auditoty prompts; and (d) computer-aided systems. Research supports assistive technology as an effective tool for providing antecedent prompts that can be self-operated by persons with intellectual disabilities. Implications of the research and suggestions for future research are discussed. C1 Donald R Watson Sch Educ, Dept Curriculum Studies, Wilmington, NC USA. RP Mechling, LC (reprint author), Donald R Watson Sch Educ, Dept Curriculum Studies, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC USA. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 252 EP 269 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 201OI UT WOS:000248841400002 ER PT J AU Duverger, H Da Fonseca, D Bailly, D Deruelle, C AF Duverger, H. Da Fonseca, D. Bailly, D. Deruelle, C. TI Theory of mind in Asperger syndrome SO ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE LA French DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; development; high functioning autism; theory of mind ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDS THEORY; ADULTS; ATTRIBUTION; INDIVIDUALS; COMMUNICATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; EXPLORATION; ABILITY; PEOPLE AB Theory of mind deficit can be used to explain social and communication impairments that define the autism spectrum disorder. Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states to self and others in order to understand and predict behavior. It involves the distinction between the real world and mental representations of the world. Several studies established that high functioning autistic individuals and individuals with Asperger syndrome (ASP) tend to be as proficient as controls in understanding first order false belief tasks. In contrast, they still lag behind their typical peers in understanding second order false belief tasks or more advanced tasks of theory of mind (e.g., Baron-Cohen, 1993). Most of these studies focus on the adult population and it seems particularly interesting to investigate whether children with ASP would present the same pattern of strengths and deficits as adults. In our research, children with ASP were tested in an advanced task of theory of mind based on a visual presentation of comic strips and in a more traditional assessment of false belief understanding :the Smarties test. Method - Two experimental groups participated in this study: a group of 16 high functioning children and adolescents with autism or with Asperger syndrome (ASP) and a group of 16 typically developing children matched on gender and age (CONT). The task was designed to assess the ability of children with ASP to infer the mental state of others. Stimuli were 26 different comic strips depicting a short story. Each comic strip was composed of three pictures and was shown on the upper half of the screen. Then three pictures numbered 1 to 3 showing possible outcomes of the scenario were superimposed on the bottom half of the screen. Only one of these three pictures represented a plausible conclusion to the scenario. This experiment contained two conditions: A Character intention (CI) condition and a Physical causality (PC) condition. The comic strips in the CI condition involved one character whose intentions had to be inferred by the subject in order to choose the correct picture. Comic strips in PC condition only required to understand physical causalities. Subjects were asked to watch the comic strip attentively and then they were required to make a choice between the three story endings by pressing the corresponding keyboard button. Both answers and response times were recorded. Additionally, all participants were enrolled in the classical false belief (Smarties) task. Results - Comic strips: An ANOVA [2 groups (CONT/ASP) x 2 conditions (CI/PC)] was performed on the number of correct responses. Neither the Group nor the Condition factor was significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, the interaction Group x Condition reached significance level[F(1-30) = 4.3, p < 0.05)]. Further analysis revealed that performance of the ASP group was significantly higher in the CP (M = 10.8, SD = 2.5) than in the CI (M = 9.8, SD = 2) condition [t (1-14) = 2.9, p < 0.001)], whereas there was no condition difference in the control group (p > 0.05). False belief : all ASP participants succeeded in the task. Discussion - Our data clearly demonstrated that children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism exhibited an impairment in understanding the intention of others. In the comic strip task, children with ASP have more difficulties in the character's intention condition than in the physical causality condition. This impairment is not imputable to a deficit in taking into account the context (Weack Central Coherence theory) since thy performed as well as controls in the physical causality condition which also required the processing of the whole scene. In contrast, all children with ASP succeeded at the false belief task. These contradictory findings suggest that, although testing theory of mind, the two tasks do not tap similar mechanisms. It is possible that the use of verbal material in the false belief task improved performance of the ASP children who are known to present particular strengths in this domain. Another possible explanation that needs further testing would be that the level of complexity differs between the two tasks. C1 [Duverger, H.; Da Fonseca, D.; Bailly, D.] Hop St Marguerite, Serv Pedopsychiat, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Da Fonseca, D.; Deruelle, C.] Inst Neurosci Cognit Mediterranee, CNRS, UMR 6193, Marseille, France. [Da Fonseca, D.; Deruelle, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Marseille, France. RP Da Fonseca, D (reprint author), Hop St Marguerite, Serv Pedopsychiat, 270 Blvd St Marguerite, F-13009 Marseille, France. 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Psychiatr. Clin. Biol. Ther. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 257IX UT WOS:000252793600009 PM 18033148 ER PT J AU Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Hertz-Picciotto, I TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) in relation to autism and developmental delay SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S192 EP S192 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300632 ER PT J AU Roberts, E English, P Grether, J Windham, G Somberg, L AF Roberts, E. English, P. Grether, J. Windham, G. Somberg, L. TI Maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications and autism among children in the California central valley SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300160 ER PT J AU Windham, G King, G Roberts, E Croen, L Grether, J AF Windham, G. King, G. Roberts, E. Croen, L. Grether, J. TI Autism and distribution of hazardous air pollutants at birth in California SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY SEP 05-09, 2007 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP S174 EP S174 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 204BQ UT WOS:000249018300573 ER PT J AU Saemundsen, E Ludvigsson, P Hilmarsdottir, I Rafnsson, V AF Saemundsen, Evald Ludvigsson, Petur Hilmarsdottir, Ingibjorg Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur TI Autism spectrum disorders in children with seizures in the first year of life - a population-based study SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy in infancy; autism spectrum disorder; Social Communication Questionnaire; Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INFANTILE SPASMS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; UNPROVOKED SEIZURES; ACTIVE EPILEPSY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS AB Purpose: To describe autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a cohort of children with history of unprovoked seizures other than infantile spasms in the first year of life. Methods: The source of data was computer records from all the three pediatric departments in Iceland. Children diagnosed 1982-2000 with unprovoked seizures with onset between 28 days and 12 months of age (N = 102) were invited to participate in a study. Children with known developmental disorders and those whose parents had concerns regarding their child's development or behavior were investigated for possible ASD. Parents were asked to complete the Social Communication Questionnaire and children scoring 10 points or higher were further examined with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and observational measures. Results: Eighty-four children (82.4%), 28 boys and 56 girls, participated in the study and 36.9% (31/84) were investigated for possible ASD. Twenty-four (28.6%) had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder, 14.3% had mental retardation (MR), and six (7.1%) were diagnosed with ASD, all of whom also had MR and three of whom had congenital brain abnormalities. Conclusion: These results suggest that the estimated prevalence of ASD is higher in children with history of seizure in the first year of life than it is in the general population. There are indications that support the view that children with ASD and history of seizure in the first year of life have higher prevalence of congenital brain abnormalities and are more often female, than other children with ASD. C1 Div Autism & Commun Disorders, State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Reykjavik, Iceland. Hlth Care Ctr Efstaleiti, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Iceland, Dept Prevent Med, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Saemundsen, E (reprint author), Div Autism & Commun Disorders, State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. 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SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; emotion; social cognition; impulsiveness ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILDREN; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; BEHAVIOR; FACE AB Research on emotion understanding in ADHD shows inconsistent results. This study uses control methods to investigate two questions about recognition and understanding of emotional expressions in 36 five- to eleven-year-old boys with ADHD: [1] Do they find this task more difficult than judging non-emotional information from faces, thus suggesting a specific social-cognitive impairment ? [2] Are their judgements about faces impaired by general limitations on task performance, such as impulsive responding? In Part 1, 19 boys with ADHD and 19 age-matched typically developing boys matched facial expressions of emotion to situations, and did a control non-emotional face-processing task. Boys with ADHD performed more poorly than age-matches on both tasks, but found the emotion task harder than the non-emotion task. In Part 2, 17 boys with ADHD and 13 five-to six-year-old typically developing boys performed the same tasks, but with an inhibitory scaffolding' procedure to prevent impulsive responding. Boys with ADHD performed as well as the younger controls on the non-emotional task, but still showed impairments in the emotion task. Boys with ADHD may show poorer task performance because of general cognitive factors, but also showed selective problems in matching facial emotions to situations. C1 Univ Sussex, Psychol Ctr Cognit Sci, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. RP Yuill, N (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Psychol Ctr Cognit Sci, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. EM nicolay@sussex.ac.uk CR Baron-Cohen S, 1993, UNDERSTANDING OTHER BUITELAAR JK, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLESC S1, V1, P1 DAVIES S, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1033, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01808.x Downs A, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P625, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5284-0 Friedman SR, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V17, P50, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.50 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Geurts HM, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00276.x Greene RW, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P571, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199605000-00011 GUEVREMONT DC, 1994, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V2, P164 HOBSON RP, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 LANDAU S, 1991, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V20, P235 Luteijn EF, 2000, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V9, P168 Oosterlaan J, 1996, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V24, P19, DOI 10.1007/BF01448371 Singh SD, 1998, BEHAV MODIF, V22, P128, DOI 10.1177/01454455980222002 ULLMAN RK, 1991, ACTERS PARENT FORM Wechsler D., 1991, MANUAL WECHSLER INTE NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 398 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00787-007-0612-5 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 202NZ UT WOS:000248911600006 PM 17401608 ER PT J AU Dietz, C Swinkels, SHN Buitelaar, JK van Daalen, E van Engeland, H AF Dietz, Claudine Swinkels, Sophie H. N. Buitelaar, Jan K. van Daalen, Emma van Engeland, Herman TI Stability and change of IQ scores in preschool children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE IQ; intellectual development; preschool period; autism ID EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMS; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; FOLLOW-UP; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AGE; CONTINUITY AB Aim To investigate cognitive development in preschool-age children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD; N = 39) compared with that of children diagnosed with mental retardation (MR; N = 14) and normally developing children (NC; N = 36). Method In a prospective longitudinal study, cognitive development was tested at age 24 months (T1; SD = 6 months) and 43 months (T2; SD = 5). Results Group IQ scores were stable between T1 and T2 as evidenced by high correlations (r = .81, P < .01) and consistency of average group scores. At the same time however, about a third of children with ASD showed an increase of cognitive scores of 15 points or more. This increase of IQ was correlated with lower scores at the early screening of autistic traits (ESAT) at T1, higher IQ level at T2 and higher expressive language skills at T2. Intensity of treatment was not related to IQ increase. Conclusions High correlations between cognitive scores in preschool children with ASD suggest that measurements of cognitive function are valid at this age. We found indications of both stability and change of IQ scores. Findings suggest that some children with ASD show catch-up intellectual development. To the best of our knowledge, this increase in IQ scores cannot be attributed to treatment effects. C1 Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Ctr Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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TI Identification of novel deletions of 15q11q13 in Angelman syndrome by array-CGH: molecular characterization and genotype-phenotype correlations SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Angelman syndrome; autism; chromosome 15 deletions; comparative genomic hybridization ID PRADER-WILLI; GENE CHRNA7; PROTEIN; 15Q; REARRANGEMENTS; 15Q11-Q13; DUPLICONS; CHILDREN; REPEATS; REGIONS AB Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, absent speech, ataxia, and a happy disposition. Deletions of the 15q11q13 region are found in approximately 70% of AS patients. The deletions are sub-classified into class I and class II based on their sizes of similar to 6.8 and similar to 6.0, respectively, with two different proximal breakpoints and a common distal breakpoint. Utilizing a chromosome 15-specific comparative genomic hybridization genomic microarray (array-CGH), we have identified, determined the deletion sizes, and mapped the breakpoints in a cohort of 44 cases, to relate those breakpoints to the genomic architecture and derive more precise genotype-phenotype correlations. Interestingly four patients of the 44 studied (9.1%) had novel and unusually large deletions, and are reported here. This is the first report of very large deletions of 15q11q13 resulting in AS; the largest deletion being >10.6 Mb. These novel deletions involve three different distal breakpoints, two of which have been earlier shown to be involved in the generation of isodicentric 15q chromosomes (idic15). Additionally, precise determination of the deletion breakpoints reveals the presence of directly oriented low-copy repeats (LCRs) flanking the recurrent and novel breakpoints. The LCRs are adequate in size, orientation, and homology to enable abnormal recombination events leading to deletions and duplications. This genomic organization provides evidence for a common mechanism for the generation of both common and rare deletion types. Larger deletions result in a loss of several genes outside the common Angelman syndrome-Prader-Willi syndrome (AS-PWS) critical interval, and a more severe phenotype. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Psychiat & Neurol, Boston, MA USA. RP Bacino, CA (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Clin Care Ctr, 6701 Fannin St,Suite 1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 9 BP 943 EP 949 DI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201859 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 205WB UT WOS:000249144200007 PM 17522620 ER PT J AU Karamouzi, A Kovachev, D Karamouzis, I Antontadou-Hitoglou, M Tsikoulas, M Aggelopoulou-Sakadami, N AF Karamouzi, A. Kovachev, D. Karamouzis, I. Antontadou-Hitoglou, M. Tsikoulas, M. Aggelopoulou-Sakadami, N. TI Saliva levels of 15-F-2t-isoprostane as biomarker of lipid peroxidation in autistic children SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MECHANISMS; ENZYMES AB Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually presents itself in early childhood and is thought to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of neurological, neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer disease, Down's syndrome and autism. The biological fluid levels of the 15-F-2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) are regarded as being the most significant biochemical index of oxidative stress. There are some studies that measured 15-F-2t-IsoP in the plasma and urine of children with autism. However 15-F-2t-IsoP has not been measured in the saliva of children with autism. This procedure is less stressful for the children with autism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate saliva levels of 15-F2t-IsoP in children diagnosed with autism. Saliva levels of 15-F2t-IsoP were determined in 18 children with autism age: 6.6 +/- 1.6 years and 21 healthy controls age: 7.5 +/- 1.4 years. Compared to the control group, the children with autism had significantly higher saliva levels of 15-F-2t-IsoP. From the above-mentioned it is concluded that a) lipid peroxidative biomarker 15-F-2t-IsoP is increased in autistic children, and b) saliva is the proper (optimal) biological fluid for the evaluation the lipid peroxidation in autistic children. C1 [Karamouzi, A.; Aggelopoulou-Sakadami, N.] Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys Educ & Sports Med, Lab Special Educ & Dev Med, Thessaloniki 55134, Greece. [Karamouzis, I.] Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Med, Biochem Lab, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Antontadou-Hitoglou, M.] Univ Thessaloniki, A ORL Clin, Unit Commun Disabil, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Tsikoulas, M.] Univ Thessaloniki, Ippocratio Hosp, Paediatr Clin 1, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Karamouzi, A (reprint author), Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys Educ & Sports Med, Lab Special Educ & Dev Med, 141 Zirganou Str, Thessaloniki 55134, Greece. 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J. Inflamm. PD SEP-DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 287LW UT WOS:000254919600004 ER PT J AU Tabor, HK Cho, MK AF Tabor, Holly K. Cho, Mildred K. TI Ethical implications of array comparative genomic hybridization in complex phenotypes: points to consider in research SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aCGH; prenatal genetic testing; ethics; complex traits; autism ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; DUPLICATION; DELETION; LOCI AB As with many new diagnostic technologies, the recent rapid emergence of array comparative genome hybridization in clinical genetics provides the power to observe new biological phenomena before their clinical significance is well understood. This raises ethical issues for clinicians when applying the technologies. However, at this early stage of research and development on array comparative genome hybridization, the ethical implications of the conduct of research, as well as how research findings are presented and interpreted, should also be considered by the research, clinical, and ethics communities. These considerations are especially important in the use of array comparative genome hybridization to study complex and common traits. We examined recent publications on autism as an example of the application of array comparative genome hybridization to a complex phenotype. Our goal was to identify points to consider for researchers, clinicians, and patients/families to ensure responsible and ethical design, presentation, and interpretation of these kinds of studies. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Eth, Dept Pediat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Tabor, HK (reprint author), 701 Welch Rd,Suite A1105, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. 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Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 9 IS 9 BP 626 EP 631 DI 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181485688 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 213BL UT WOS:000249640800010 PM 17873651 ER PT J AU Sun, H Yushkevich, PA Zhang, H Cook, PA Duda, JT Simon, TJ Gee, JC AF Sun, Hui Yushkevich, Paul A. Zhang, Hui Cook, Philip A. Duda, Jeffrey T. Simon, Tony J. Gee, James C. TI Shape-based normalization of the corpus callosum for DTI connectivity analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE corpus callosum; geometrical representation; image analysis; medial; medial representation; shape analysis; skeleton. ID CONTINUOUS MEDIAL REPRESENTATION; DIFFUSION TENSOR; ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES; TEMPORAL-LOBE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEGMENTATION; AUTISM; 3D; SKELETONS; SURFACES AB The continuous medial representation (cm-rep) is an approach that makes it possible to model, normalize, and analyze anatomical structures on the basis of medial geometry. Having recently presented a partial differential equation (PDE)-based approach for 3-D cm-rep modeling [1], here we present an equivalent 2-D approach that involves solving an ordinary differential equation. This paper derives a closed form solution of this equation and shows how Pythagorean hodograph curves can be used to express the solution as a piecewise polynomial function, allowing efficient and robust medial modeling. The utility of the approach in medical image analysis is demonstrated by applying it to the problem of shape-based normalization of the midsagittal section of the corpus callosum. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we show that shape-based normalization aligns subregions of the corpus callosum, defined by connectivity, more accurately than normalization based on volumetric registration. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 204KQ UT WOS:000249042900006 ER PT J AU Phadraig, BM AF Phadraig, Brian MacGiolla TI Towards inclusion: the development of provision for children with special educational needs in Ireland from 1991 to 2004 SO IRISH EDUCATIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Article AB This article traces the development of policy in regard to the provision for children with special educational needs from the report of the Special Education Review Committee in 1993 to the enactment of the Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act in 2004. It begins with definitions of the terms special educational needs and pupils with special educational needs. The main discussion includes reference to the O'Donoghue Case, the Comprehensive Initiatives scheme of 1998, the Education Act of 1998, the Study of Remedial Education in Irish Primary Schools 1998, the Learning Support Guidelines of 2000, the reports of the task forces on dyslexia and autism, as well as the circulars issued by the Department of Education and Science relevant to special education in that period. C1 Scoil gCeithre Maistri, Ath Luain, Na Hiarmhi, Ireland. RP Phadraig, BM (reprint author), Scoil gCeithre Maistri, Diseart Mhuire, Ath Luain, Na Hiarmhi, Ireland. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1080/03323310701491562 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 273RZ UT WOS:000253950700006 ER PT J AU Boso, M Emanuele, E Minazzi, V Abbamonte, M Politi, P AF Boso, Marianna Emanuele, Enzo Minazzi, Vera Abbamonte, Marta Politi, Pierluigi TI Effect of long-term interactive music therapy on Behavior profile and musical skills in young adults with severe autism SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RATING-SCALE CARS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; PSYCHIATRY; CHILDREN AB Background: Data on the potential behavioral effects of music therapy in autism are scarce. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a musical training program based on interactive music therapy sessions could enhance the behavioral profile and the musical skills of young adults affected by severe autism. Methodology: Young adults ( N = 8) with severe ( Childhood Autism Rating Scale > 30) autism took part in a total of 52 weekly active music therapy sessions lasting 60 minutes. Each session consisted of a wide range of different musical activities including singing, piano playing, and drumming. Clinical rating scales included the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Musical skills-including singing a short or long melody, playing the C scale on a keyboard, music absorption, rhythm reproduction, and execution of complex rhythmic patterns-were rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from " completely/ entirely absent" to " completely/ entirely present." Results: At the end of the 52-week training period, significant improvements were found on both the CGI and BPRS scales. Similarly, the patients' musical skills significantly ameliorated as compared to baseline ratings. Conclusions: Our pilot data seem to suggest that active music therapy sessions could be of aid in improving autistic symptoms, as well as personal musical skills in young adults with severe autism. C1 Univ Pavia, Interdept Ctr Res Mol Med, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Boso, M (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Psychiat, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 7 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.6334 PG 4 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 220XT UT WOS:000250191300006 PM 17931062 ER PT J AU Kelley, ME Shillingsburg, MA Castro, MJ Addison, LR Larue, RH AF Kelley, Michael E. Shillingsburg, M. Alice Castro, M. Jicel Addison, Laura R. Larue, Robert H., Jr. TI Further evaluation of emerging speech in children with developmental disabilities: Training verbal behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; communication training; developmental disabilities; generalization; language; speech; verbal behavior ID FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; REINFORCEMENT; CONTINGENCIES; ACQUISITION AB The conceptual basis for many effective language-training programs are based on Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior. Skinner described several elementary verbal operants including mands, tacts, intraverbals, and echoics. According to Skinner, responses that are the same topography may actually be functionally independent. Previous research has supported Skinner's assertion of functional independence (e.g., Hall & Sundberg, 1987; Lamarre & Holland, 1985), and some research has suggested that specific programming must be incorporated to achieve generalization across verbal operants (e.g., Sigafoos, Reichle, & Doss, 1990). The present study provides further analysis of the independence of verbal operants when teaching language to children with autism and other developmental disabilities. In the current study, 3 participants' vocal responses were first assessed as mands or tacts. Generalization for each verbal operant across alternate conditions was then assessed and subsequent training provided as needed. Results indicated that generalization across verbal operants occurred across some, but not all, vocal responses. These results are discussed relative to the functional independence of verbal operants as described by Skinner. C1 Marcus Inst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Shillingsburg, MA (reprint author), Marcus Inst, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM shillingsburg@marcus.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2003, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bourret J, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-129 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 DURAND VM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P17, DOI 10.1007/BF01487257 FISHER W, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P23, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-23 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P375, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00004 Hall G, 1987, Anal Verbal Behav, V5, P41 Handleman J. 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F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV Sundberg M. L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH Sundberg ML, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P698, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255003 Twyman J., 1996, ANAL VERBAL BEHAV, V13, P1 WACKER DP, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P417, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-417 Worsdell AS, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P167, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-167 Yoon S Y, 2000, Anal Verbal Behav, V17, P75 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 431 EP 445 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-431 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 216QX UT WOS:000249895200003 PM 17970258 ER PT J AU Fisher, WW Kodak, T Moore, JW AF Fisher, Wayne W. Kodak, Tiffany Moore, James W. TI Embedding an identity-matching task within a prompting hierarchy to facilitate acquisition of conditional discriminations in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; differential observing response; identity matching; prompts; stimulus control; conditional discriminations ID MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; STIMULUS-CONTROL; TIME-DELAY; TO-SAMPLE; DISABILITIES; RETARDATION; STUDENTS; MODEL AB Least-to-most prompting hierarchies (e.g., progressing from verbal to modeled to physical prompts until the target response occurs) may be ineffective when the prompts do not cue the individual to attend to the relevant stimulus dimensions. In such cases, emission of the target response persistently requires one or more of the higher level prompts, a condition called prompt dependence (Clark & Green, 2004). Reinforcement of differential observing responses (DORs) has sometimes been used to ensure that participants attend to the relevant stimulus dimensions in matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks (e.g., Dube & McIlvane, 1999). For 2 participants with autism, we embedded an identity-matching task within a prompting hierarchy as a DOR to increase the likelihood that the participants attended to and discriminated the relevant features of the comparison stimuli in an MTS task. This procedure was compared with a traditional least-to-most prompting hierarchy and a no-reinforcement control condition in a multielement design. Results for both participants indicated that mastery-level acquisition of spoken-word-to-picture relations occurred only under the identity-matching condition. Findings are discussed relative to the use of DORs to facilitate acquisition of conditional discriminations in persons with autism or other conditions who do not attend to the comparison stimuli. C1 Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Munroe Meyer Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Kodak, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Munroe Meyer Inst, 985330 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM tkodak@unmc.edu CR Aman MG, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P451, DOI 10.1023/A:1005559725475 BAER DM, 1967, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V10, P405, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1967.10-405 BROWN KE, 2006, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V83, P155 Catania A. C., 1992, LEARNING CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 CHENEY T, 1974, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V17, P313, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(74)90075-7 Clark KM, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P503, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-503 CONSTANTINE B, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V79, P680 DINSMOOR JA, 1985, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V43, P365, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-365 Dube WV, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P25, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-25 ETZEL BC, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P361, DOI 10.1007/BF01531445 Friman PC, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-583 Geren MA, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P339, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-339 Green G., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P72, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600203 GURALNICK MJ, 1975, AM J MENT DEF, V80, P202 HALLE JW, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P431, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-431 HORNER RD, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P301, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-301 JOHNSON C, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V59, P333, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.59-333 KOEGEL RL, 1976, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V4, P59, DOI 10.1007/BF00917605 LOVAAS OI, 1979, PSYCHOL BULL, V86, P1236, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.86.6.1236 MCILVANE WJ, 1990, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P283 OPPENHEIMER M, 1993, RES DEV DISABIL, V14, P425, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(93)90036-J Perez-Gonzalez LA, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P293, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0293:MPTTCD>2.0.CO;2 REPP AC, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P43, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-43 ROMSKI MA, 1988, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V53, P94 SAUNDERS KJ, 1993, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V60, P571, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-571 SAUNDERS KJ, 1989, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V52, P1, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1989.52-1 SAUNDERS KJ, 1990, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V54, P239, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1990.54-239 Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV STEEGE MW, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P293, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-293 Williams G, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P555, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.65-04 Wolery M, 1997, J SPEC EDUC, V31, P61 Wolery M., 1992, TEACHING STUDENTS MO WOLFE VF, 1978, AM J MENT DEF, V83, P297 WYCKOFF LB, 1952, PSYCHOL REV, V59, P431, DOI 10.1037/h0053932 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 489 EP 499 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-489 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 216QX UT WOS:000249895200007 PM 17970262 ER PT J AU Meany-Daboul, MG Roscoe, EM Bourret, JC Ahearn, WH AF Meany-Daboul, Maeve G. Roscoe, Eileen M. Bourret, Jason C. Ahearn, William H. TI A comparison of momentary time sampling and partial-interval recording for evaluating functional relations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE measurement; momentary time sampling; partial-interval recording ID REAPPRAISAL; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB In the current study, momentary time sampling (MTS) and partial-interval recording (PIR) were compared to continuous-duration recording of stereotypy and to the frequency of self-injury during a treatment analysis to determine whether the recording method affected data interpretation. Five previously conducted treatment analysis data sets were analyzed by creating separate graphic displays for each measurement method (duration or frequency, MTS, and PIR). An expert panel interview and structured criterion visual inspection were used to evaluate treatment effects across measurement methods. Results showed that treatment analysis interpretations based on both discontinuous recording methods often matched those based on frequency or duration recording; however, interpretations based on MTS were slightly more likely to match those based on duration and those based on PIR were slightly more likely to match those based on frequency. C1 New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Roscoe, EM (reprint author), New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM eroscoe@necc.org CR Ahearn WH, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P263, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.30-06 Fisher WW, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P387, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-387 Gardenier NC, 2004, RES DEV DISABIL, V25, P99, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2003.05.004 HARROP A, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P73, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-73 MURPHY G, 1980, BEHAV RES THER, V18, P147, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(80)90109-6 POWELL J, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P463, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-463 SUEN HK, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P803, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-803 NR 7 TC 24 Z9 25 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-501 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 216QX UT WOS:000249895200008 PM 17970263 ER PT J AU Jones, EA Feeley, KM Takacs, J AF Jones, Emily A. Feeley, Kathleen M. Takacs, Jennifer TI Teaching spontaneous responses to young children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; spontaneous responses; discrete-trial instruction; generalization ID TIME-DELAY; LANGUAGE; VERBALIZATIONS AB Using a multiple probe design across responses, we demonstrated the effectiveness of intensive intervention in establishing spontaneous verbal responses to 2 3-year-old children with autism with generalization to novel settings involving novel persons. Intervention involved discrete-trial instruction (i.e., repeated instructional opportunities presented in close proximity to high rates of reinforcement), specific prompts, and error correction. Spontaneous responses were defined as specific verbal utterances (e.g., the child says "bless you") following discriminative stimuli that did not involve explicit vocal directives (e.g., adult sneeze). The development of effective interventions to address the social-communicative needs of very young children with autism is discussed. C1 Long Isl Univ, Dept Psychol, Greenvale, NY 11548 USA. Dev Disabil Inst, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Jones, EA (reprint author), Long Isl Univ, Dept Psychol, CW Post Campus, Greenvale, NY 11548 USA. EM emily.jones@liu.edu CR Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT CARR EG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-297 CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 CHARLOP MH, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P307, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-307 CHARLOP MH, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P747, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-747 MATSON JL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P227, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-227 MATSON JL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P389, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-389 PRUTTING CA, 1987, J SPEECH HEAR DISORD, V52, P105 Reichle J., 1991, IMPLEMENTING AUGMENT, P157 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Wetherby A. M., 1998, TRANSITIONS PRELINGU Zimmerman I.L., 1992, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-565 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 216QX UT WOS:000249895200016 PM 17970271 ER PT J AU Kelley, ME Shillingsburg, MA Castro, MJ Addison, LR Larue, RH Martins, MP AF Kelley, Michael E. Shillingsburg, M. Alice Castro, M. Jicel Addison, Laura R. Larue, Robert H., Jr. Martins, Megan P. TI Assessment of the functions of vocal behavior in children with developmental disabilities: A replication SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental disabilities; functional analysis; language; speech; verbal behavior AB Although experimental analysis methodologies have been useful for identifying the function of a wide variety of target behaviors (e.g., Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994), only recently have such procedures been applied to verbal operants (Lerman et al., 2005). In the current study, we conducted a systematic replication of the methodology developed by Lerman et al. Participants were 4 children who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities and who engaged in limited vocal behavior. The function of vocal behavior was assessed by exposing target vocal responses to experimental analyses. Results showed that experimental analyses were generally useful for identifying the functions of vocal behavior across all participants. C1 Marcus Inst, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Kelley, ME (reprint author), Marcus Inst, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM kelleym@marcus.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2003, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 LAMARRE J, 1985, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V43, P5, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-5 Lerman DC, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P303, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.106-04 Michael J, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-401 Miguel Caio F, 2002, Anal Verbal Behav, V18, P3 Skinner B. F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV Sundberg M. L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-571 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 216QX UT WOS:000249895200017 PM 17970272 ER PT J AU Zareba, G Cernichiari, E Hojo, R Mc Nitt, S Weiss, B Mumtaz, MM Jones, DE Clarkson, TW AF Zareba, Grazyna Cernichiari, Elsa Hojo, Rieko Mc Nitt, Scott Weiss, Bernard Mumtaz, Moiz M. Jones, Dennis E. Clarkson, Thomas W. TI Thimerosal distribution and metabolism in neonatal mice: comparison with methyl mercury SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thimerosal; methyl mercury; distribution; metabolism; mice; neonatal exposure ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; METHYLMERCURY; VACCINES; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; ETHYLMERCURY; THIOMERSAL; TOXICOLOGY; INFANTS; AUTISM AB Thimerosal, which releases the ethyl mercury radical as the active species, has been used as a preservative in many currently marketed vaccines throughout the world. Because of concerns that its toxicity could be similar to that of methyl mercury, it is no longer incorporated in many vaccines in the United States. There are reasons to believe, however, that the disposition and toxicity of ethyl mercury compounds, including thimerosal, may differ substantially from those of the methyl form. The current study sought to compare, in neonatal mice, the tissue concentrations, disposition and metabolism of thimerosal with that of methyl mercury. ICR mice were given single intramuscular injections of thimerosal or methyl mercury (1.4 mg Hg kg(-1)) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). Tissue samples were collected daily on PND 11-14. Most analysed tissues demonstrated different patterns of tissue distribution and a different rate of mercury decomposition. The mean organic mercury in the brain and kidneys was significantly lower in mice treated with thimerosal than in the methyl mercury-treated group. In the brain, thimerosal-exposed mice showed a steady decrease of organic mercury levels following the initial peak, whereas in the methyl mercury-exposed mice, concentrations peaked on day 2 after exposure. In the kidneys, thimerosal-exposed mice retained significantly higher inorganic mercury levels than methyl mercury-treated mice. In the liver both organic and inorganic mercury concentrations were significantly higher in thimerosal-exposed mice than in the methyl mercury group. Ethyl mercury was incorporated into growing hair in a similar manner to methyl mercury. The data showing significant kinetic differences in tissue distribution and metabolism of mercury species challenge the assumption that ethyl mercury is toxicologically identical to methyl mercury. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zareba, G (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, 575 Elmwood Ave,Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. 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Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 27 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1002/jat.1272 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 201IP UT WOS:000248825000013 PM 17582588 ER PT J AU White, SW Scahill, L Klin, A Koenig, K Volkmar, FR AF White, Susan Williams Scahill, Lawrence Klin, Ami Koenig, Kathleen Volkmar, Fred R. TI Educational placements and service use patterns of individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high functioning autism; Asperger's disorder; school; inclusion; social skills ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS; PEER; INTERVENTION; CLASSROOMS; INCLUSION AB This project was undertaken to identify child characteristics associated with educational placement and service use in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders. The sample of 101 (nine females) had a mean age of 12 +/- 3 years (mean IQ = 101.77 +/- 19.50). Results indicate that lower-cognitive ability and communication skill were associated with placement in special education. Based on parent-report, most students stayed in the same placement (regular or special education) in which they began first grade and the majority of students received special services in their schools (most often speech/language intervention). Findings highlight the emphasis placed on certain child characteristics (e.g., cognitive ability), with far less emphasis on other areas (e.g., degree of social deficit), in educational placement and service provision. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Virginia Treatement Ctr Children, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP White, SW (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Virginia Treatement Ctr Children, 515 N 10th St, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1403 EP 1412 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0281-0 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600001 PM 17082975 ER PT J AU Boucher, J Pons, F Lind, S Williams, D AF Boucher, Jill Pons, Francisco Lind, Sophie Williams, David TI Temporal cognition in children with autistic spectrum disorders: Tests of diachronic thinking SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; temporal cognition; episodic memory; neural binding; metarepresentation ID EPISODIC MEMORY; HYPOTHESIS; MIND; BINDING AB Impaired diachronic thinking-(the propensity and capacity to think about events spreading across time)-was demonstrated in a 2-Phase study in which children with autism were compared with age and ability matched controls. Identical tests of diachronic thinking were administered in both phases of the study, but to different participant groups, with the same results. The marked impairments shown are therefore robust. Various non-temporal explanations of the findings were eliminated by the results of control tasks in Phase 2. Diachronic thinking did not correlate with verbal or non-verbal ability, age, or mentalising ability, consistent with other evidence of the specificity of diachronic thinking ability. Possible causes of impaired diachronic thinking in autism are discussed. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Psychol, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark. RP Boucher, J (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Psychol, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM j.boucher@warwick.ac.uk RI Lind, Sophie/F-6956-2010; Williams, David/F-6954-2010; Williams, David/A-1214-2010; Williams, David/E-7827-2011; Williams, David/B-9804-2013 CR Bennetto L, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P1816, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01830.x Boucher J, 2001, TIME MEMORY Boucher J, 2000, NEW DIRECTIONS IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND DISORDERS, P13 Bowler DM, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P295, DOI 10.1023/A:1005575216176 Brock J, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P209 Brown C, 2005, CORTEX, V41, P364, DOI 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70273-9 DELONG GR, IN PRESS MEMORY AUTI Dunn L. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1429 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0285-9 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600002 PM 17171540 ER PT J AU Herzinger, CV Campbell, JM AF Herzinger, Caitlin V. Campbell, Jonathan M. TI Comparing functional assessment methodologies: A quantitative synthesis SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; problem behaviors; maladaptive behaviors; functional assessment; functional analysis ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; EFFECT SIZES; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; SUPPORT; VALIDITY AB There has been much research concerning functional assessment over the past 20 years, but several important research considerations have yet to be explained. One is the comparison of different types of functional assessment (e.g., experimental functional analysis and non-experimental functional assessment). The current study aims to compare the different methodologies of functional assessment and their effectiveness in ascribing function to a target behavior and in the treatment selection that follows such an assessment. Quantitative synthesis data were used to answer questions regarding behavioral function, assessment type, and treatment effectiveness. Results indicate that assessment type can impact treatment effectiveness and that there is a relationship between behavior type and ascribed function. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Educ Psychol & Instruct Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Herzinger, CV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Educ Psychol & Instruct Technol, 610 Anderhold Hall, Athens, GA 30602 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1430 EP 1445 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0219-6 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600003 PM 17004118 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, B Lewis, E Kroman, E AF Ingersoll, Brooke Lewis, Elizabeth Kroman, Emily TI Teaching the imitation and spontaneous use of descriptive gestures in young children with autism using a naturalistic behavioral intervention SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; imitation; gesture; intervention; social communication ID JOINT ATTENTION; SPONTANEOUS SPEECH; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; POSITIVE AFFECT; LANGUAGE; SKILLS; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; DEFICITS; PARENTS AB Children with autism exhibit deficits in the imitation and spontaneous use of descriptive gestures. Reciprocal Imitation Training (RIT), a naturalistic imitation intervention, has ben shown to increase object imitation skills in young children with autism. A single-subject, multiple-baseline design acroess five young children with autism was used to determine whether RIT could be adapted to target the imitation of descriptive gestures. All participants increased their imitation of gestures in the treatment setting and on a structured imitation assessment. Gains generalized to a novel therapist, setting, and materials and maintained at a 1-month follow-up. Three participants also increased their spontaneous use of descriptive gestures. These results provide support for the effectiveness of a naturalistic intervention for teaching gesture imitation. C1 Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Psychol, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Ingersoll, B (reprint author), Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Psychol, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Rd, Portland, OR 97219 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1457 EP 1468 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0222-y PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600005 PM 17151800 ER PT J AU Tardif, C Laine, F Rodriguez, M Gepner, B AF Tardif, Carole Laine, France Rodriguez, Melissa Gepner, Bruno TI Slowing down presentation of facial movements and vocal sounds enhances facial expression recognition and induces facial-vocal imitation in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE autism; emotional facial expression; expression recognition; facial imitation; facial movements; vocal sounds; slowing down; synchrony; connectivity; reeducation ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ACOUSTICALLY MODIFIED SPEECH; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DEVELOPMENTAL APHASIA; EMOTION RECOGNITION; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; MOTION PERCEPTION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM AB This study examined the effects of slowing down presentation of facial expressions and their corresponding vocal sounds on facial expression recognition and facial and/or vocal imitation in children with autism. Twelve autistic children and twenty-four normal control children were presented with emotional and non-emotional facial expressions on CD-Rom, under audio or silent conditions, and under dynamic visual conditions (slowly, very slowly, at normal speed) plus a static control. Overall, children with autism showed lower performance in expression recognition and more induced facial-vocal imitation than controls. In the autistic group, facial expression recognition and induced facial-vocal imitation were significantly enhanced in slow conditions. Findings may give new perspectives for understanding and intervention for verbal and emotional perceptive and communicative impairments in autistic populations. C1 Ctr Hosp Motperrin, Serv Psychiat Infanto Juvenile, F-13617 Aix En Provence, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, UFR Psychol, Lab Psychol Connaissance Langage & Emot, PSYCLE, Aix En Provence, France. RP Gepner, B (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Motperrin, Serv Psychiat Infanto Juvenile, 109 Ave Petit Barthelemy, F-13617 Aix En Provence, France. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1484 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0223-x PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600006 PM 17029018 ER PT J AU Hastings, RP AF Hastings, Richard P. TI Longitudinal relationships between sibling behavioral adjustment and behavior problems of children with developmental disabilities SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE siblings; behavioral adjustment; longitudinal design; autism; down syndrome ID MENTAL-HEALTH STATUS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS; PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ECONOMIC-SITUATION; EXPRESSED EMOTION; PARENTING STRESS; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Siblings of children with developmental disabilities were assessed twice, 2 years apart (N = 75 at Time 1, N = 56 at Time 2). Behavioral adjustment of the siblings and their brother or sister with developmental disability was assessed. Comparisons of adjustment for siblings of children with autism, Down syndrome, and mixed etiology mental retardation failed to identify group differences. Regression analysis showed that the behavior problems of the child with developmental disability at Time 1, but not the change in their behavior over time, predicted sibling adjustment over 2 years. There was no evidence that this putative temporal relationship operated bidirectionally: sibling adjustment did not appear to be related to the behavior problems of the children with developmental disabilities over time. C1 Univ Wales bangor, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Hastings, RP (reprint author), Univ Wales bangor, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1485 EP 1492 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0230-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600007 PM 17006776 ER PT J AU Bolte, S Holtmann, M Poustka, F Scheurich, A Schmidt, L AF Boelte, Sven Holtmann, Martin Poustka, Fritz Scheurich, Armin Schmidt, Lutz TI Gestalt perception and local-global processing in high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; gestalt psychology; perception; cognition; visual illusions; visual-spatial functioning ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; DEPRESSION; DISORDER; MIND; ORGANIZATION; PRECEDENCE; ILLUSIONS AB This study examined gestalt perception in high-functioning autism (HFA) and its relation to tasks indicative of local visual processing. Data on of gestalt perception, visual illusions (VI), hierarchical letters (HL), Block Design (BD) and the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) were collected in adult males with HFA, schizophrenia, depression and normative controls. Individuals with HFA processed gestalt stimuli less in accord with gestalt laws, particularly regarding the principle of similarity. Gestalt processing correlated positively with global processing of the HL. EFT and BD performance correlated negatively with VI susceptibility in HFA. All clinical groups succumbed less to VI than the normative sample. Results suggest decreased gestalt perception in HFA, being associated with a more general local visual processing bias. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendal, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendal, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1493 EP 1504 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0231-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600008 PM 17029017 ER PT J AU Olive, ML de la Cruz, B Davis, TN Chan, JM Lang, RB O'Reilly, MF Dickson, SM AF Olive, Melissa L. de la Cruz, Berenice Davis, Tonya N. Chan, Jeffrey M. Lang, Russell B. O'Reilly, Mark F. Dickson, Sarah M. TI The effects of enhanced milieu teaching and a voice output communication aid on the requesting of three children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE enhanced milieu teaching; voice output communication aid; communication intervention; naturalistic intervention ID PARENTS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of enhanced milieu teaching when combined with a voice output communication aid on the requesting skills of three children with autism. The research design was a multiple probe across participants. All sessions were conducted during 5-min play sessions in the child's classroom. All three children learned to use the voice output communication aid to request items during play. Additionally, all three children increased their total requesting during play. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Olive, ML (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM molive@mail.utexas.edu CR Alberto P. 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Kim, Nina TI Assessment of stimulus overselectivity with tactile compound stimuli in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; simultaneous discrimination; extended testing; tactile stimuli; overselectivity; joint attention; theory of mind; cognitive development; mental age ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; JOINT ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; BRAIN-STEM; MIND AB Autistic and typical children mastered a simultaneous discrimination task with three sets of all-tactile compound stimuli. During training, responding to one stimulus (S+) resulted in rewards whereas responding to the alternative (S-) was extinguished. Test 1 was conducted with recombinations of S+ and S- elements. In Test 2, the test stimulus to which the child responded most in Test 1 was pitched against the training S+. In Test 1, all children responded exclusively to one test probe, spuriously implying stimulus overselectivity in both populations. However, in Test 2, the typical children responded mostly to the training S+ indicating control by both S+ elements; the autistic children responded to both stimuli indicating reduced control by the second S+ element (indicating overselectivity). C1 CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Psychol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, Staten Isl, NY USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, Staten Isl, NY USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ploog, BO (reprint author), CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Psychol, 2800 Victory Blvd,4S-105, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1514 EP 1524 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0244-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600010 PM 17072754 ER PT J AU Lewis, FM Murdoch, BE Woodyatt, GC AF Lewis, Fiona M. Murdoch, Bruce E. Woodyatt, Gail C. TI Communicative competence and metalinguistic ability: Performance by children and adults with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; test of language competences-expanded edition; DSM-IV language criterion; subgroups ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; DSM-IV; LANGUAGE; SYMPTOMS AB The Test of Language Competence-Expanded Edition (TLC-E) was administered to children and adults with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Relative to controls, those with ASD were less competent on a range of TLC-E tasks. No differences were found for either child or adult ASD groups on any of the TLC-E measures when re-classified as Asperger syndrome (AS) and high functioning autism (HFA) using DSM-IV language criterion. Hierarchical cluster analyses of individuals with ASD identified subgroups within the spectrum. The use of developmental language history as an identifying marker in autism is questioned. The findings suggest that comprehensive language assessments on individuals with ASD can provide clinically relevant information regarding the heterogeneity of language skills within the autistic spectrum. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Head Sch, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Lewis, FM (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Speech Pathol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1525 EP 1538 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0265-0 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600011 PM 17665298 ER PT J AU Korpilahti, P Jansson-Verkasalo, E Mattila, ML Kuusikko, S Suominen, K Rytky, S Pauls, DL Moilanen, I AF Korpilahti, Pirjo Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira Mattila, Marja-Leena Kuusikko, Sanna Suominen, Kalervo Rytky, Seppo Pauls, David L. Moilanen, Irma TI Processing of affective speech prosody is impaired in Asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; auditory perception; affective prosody; familial pattern; ERP ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; MISMATCH NEGATIVITY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; N1 WAVE; TOTAL POPULATION; MIND HYPOTHESIS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS AB Many people with the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome (AS) show poorly developed skills in understanding emotional messages. The present study addressed discrimination of speech prosody in children with AS at neurophysiological level. Detection of affective prosody was investigated in one-word utterances as indexed by the N1 and the mismatch negativity (MMN) of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). Data from fourteen boys with AS were compared with those for thirteen typically developed boys. These results suggest atypical neural responses to affective prosody in children with AS and their fathers, especially over the RH, and that this impairment can already be seen at low-level information processes. Our results provide evidence for familial patterns of abnormal auditory brain reactions to prosodic features of speech. C1 Univ Turku, Sch Finnish & Gen Linguist, Turku, Finland. Oulu Univ Hosp, Cognit Lab, Oulu, Finland. Univ Oulu, Dept Finnish Informat Studies & Logoped, Oulu, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Cognit Brain Res Unit, Dept Psychol, Helsinki, Finland. Oulu Univ Hosp, Dept Child Psychiat, Oulu, Finland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Unit,Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Un, Charlestown, MA USA. RP Korpilahti, P (reprint author), Univ Turku, Sch Finnish & Gen Linguist, Turku, Finland. 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T.-S., 2005, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V23, P221 NR 75 TC 42 Z9 43 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1539 EP 1549 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0271-2 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600012 PM 17086440 ER PT J AU Boyd, BA Conroy, MA Mancil, GR Nakao, T Alter, PJ AF Boyd, Brian A. Conroy, Maureen A. Mancil, G. Richmond Nakao, Taketo Alter, Peter J. TI Effects of circumscribed interests on the social behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; circumscribed interests; pervasive developmental disorders; restricted interests; repetitive behaviors; structural analysis ID SELF-STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; PERCEPTUAL REINFORCEMENT; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATING-SCALE; PROFILES AB This study compared the effects of circumscribed interests (CI) to less preferred (LP) tangible stimuli on the social behaviors of three children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on single subject design methodology, the CI experimental sessions resulted in longer durations of target-child initiated social interactions in comparison to LP sessions. In addition, latency of participant's initial social bids to peers was decreased when CI were present. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1550 EP 1561 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0286-8 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600013 PM 17146704 ER PT J AU Schertz, HH Odom, SL AF Schertz, Hannah H. Odom, Samuel L. TI Promoting joint attention in toddlers with autism: A parent-mediated developmental model SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE joint attention; early intervention; toddlers; parent mediation; autism ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; EDUCATION AB Joint attention, a foundational nonverbal social-communicative milestone that fails to develop naturally in autism, was promoted for three toddlers with early-identified autism through a parent-mediated, developmentally grounded, researcher-guided intervention model. A multiple baseline design compared child performance across four phases of intervention: focusing on faces, turn-taking, responding to joint attention, and initiating joint attention. All toddlers improved performance and two showed repeated engagement in joint attention, supporting the effectiveness of developmentally appropriate methods that build on the parent-child relationship. A complementary qualitative analysis explored family challenges, parent resilience, and variables that may have influenced outcomes. Intervention models appropriate for toddlers with autism are needed as improved early identification efforts bring younger children into early intervention services. C1 Univ No Colorado, Coll Educ & Behav Sci, Sch Special Educ, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Special Educ, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Schertz, HH (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Coll Educ & Behav Sci, Sch Special Educ, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1562 EP 1575 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0290-z PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600014 PM 17096190 ER PT J AU Reed, CL Beall, PM Stone, VE Kopelioff, L Pulham, DJ Hepburn, SL AF Reed, Catherine L. Beall, Paula M. Stone, Valerie E. Kopelioff, Lila Pulham, Danielle J. Hepburn, Susan L. TI Brief report: Perception of body posture-what individuals with autism spectrum disorder might be missing SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; face inversion effect; body inversion effect; configural processing; face recognition ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADOLESCENTS; UPSIDE-DOWN FACES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; INVERSION; FEATURES; DEFICIT; MEMORY AB Autism has been associated with atypical face and configural processing, as indicated by the lack of a face inversion effect (better recognition of upright than inverted faces). We investigated whether such atypical processing was restricted to the face or extended to social information found in body postures. An inversion paradigm compared recognition of upright and inverted faces, body postures, and houses. Typical adults demonstrated inversion effects for both faces and body postures, but adults with autism demonstrated only a face inversion effect. Adults with autism may not have a configural processing deficit per se, but instead may have strategies for recognizing faces not used for body postures. Results have implications for therapies employing training in imitation and body posture perception. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Reed, CL (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM creed@du.edu CR ATTWOOD A, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P241, DOI 10.1007/BF02211950 BARONCOHEN S, 1991, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P301 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Blake R, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P151, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.01434 BOUCHER J, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x Brosnan MJ, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00237.x CAREY S, 1992, PROCESSING FACIAL IM, P95 Charman T, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P217 Cipolotti L, 1999, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V37, P455, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00086-4 CORSELLO CM, 2000, DISSERTATION ABSTR B, V61, P2196 Dawson G, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P403, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_6 Dawson G, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P700, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00433 Dawson G., 1990, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V2, P151, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400000675 DIAMOND R, 1986, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V115, P107, DOI 10.1037/0096-3445.115.2.107 FRITH U, 1989, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AUTISM, P33 Gepner B, 1996, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V2, P123, DOI 10.1080/09297049608401357 Grelotti DJ, 2002, DEV PSYCHOBIOL, V40, P213, DOI 10.1002/dev.10028 Happe F, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P299, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00723 Happe F. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1576 EP 1584 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0220-0 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600015 PM 17029019 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Martel, C Wilson, A Dechambre, N Amy, C Duverger, L Guile, JM Pipiras, E Benzacken, B Cave, H Cohen, L Heron, D Plaza, M AF Cohen, David Martel, Claire Wilson, Anna Dechambre, Nicole Amy, Celine Duverger, Ludovic Guile, Jean-Marc Pipiras, Eva Benzacken, Brigitte Cave, Helene Cohen, Laurent Heron, Delphine Plaza, Monique TI Brief report: Visual-spatial deficit in a 16-year-old girl with maternally derived duplication of proximal 15q SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE chromosome 15; Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region; maternally derived interstitial duplication; pervasive developmental disorder; visual-spatial deficit ID INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; ISODICENTRIC CHROMOSOME-15; AUTISM; DISORDERS; 15Q11-Q13; PHENOTYPE; GENETICS; REGION; FAMILY AB Duplications of chromosome 15 may be one of the most common single genetic causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), aside from fragile X. Most of the cases are associated with maternally derived interstitial duplication involving 15q11-13. This case report describes a female proband with a maternally derived interstitial duplication of proximal 15q. She did not exhibit any symptoms of ASD apart from some developmental delay. By adolescence, she showed mild dysmorphism, a discrepant profile on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Verbal IQ = 87; Performance IQ = 65) and a major deficit in visual-spatial abilities affecting fine motor skills, mathematical reasoning, visual memory and some global reading tasks. This is one of the first reports of a child with a maternal duplication who exhibits a visual-spatial deficit without ASD. C1 Univ Paris 06, Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, AP HP, F-75013 Paris, France. Univ Paris 05, CNRS Cognit & Comportement, Boulogne, France. CEA, DRM, DSV,Unit 526 Cognit Neuroimaging, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot,INSERM CEA, Orsay, France. Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Grp Hosp Jean Verdier, Cytogenet Serv, Bondy, France. Grp Hosp Robert Debre, Serv Biochim Genet, Paris, France. Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, F-75634 Paris, France. RP Cohen, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, AP HP, 47 Bd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1585 EP 1591 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0228-5 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600016 PM 17006777 ER PT J AU Bauminger, N AF Bauminger, Nirit TI Brief report: Individual social-multi-modal intervention for HFASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high-functioning children with autism; Asperger syndrome; social skill intervention; cognitive-behavioral therapy ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; LONELINESS; DISORDER; SKILLS; ADOLESCENTS; ADJUSTMENT; SPECTRUM AB This research is the first part of a 2-year cognitive-behavioral-ecological (CB-E) social skills training for high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). Current study examined efficacy of an individual CB-E intervention in facilitating children's dyadic interactions (immediately after treatment and 4 months later) and their social cognition capabilities (e.g., emotion understanding and recognition, social problem solving). Participants were 19 HFASD children aged 7 years and 7 months to 11 years and 6 months. Results demonstrated improvement in children's social cognition and positive dyadic interaction and decrease in children's low-level social interaction behavior. Long-term evaluation revealed maintenance of improvement. Progress in children's cooperation, self-control, and assertiveness was reported by their teachers. Discussion focused on CB-E intervention efficacy in promoting integral social functioning for HF children with ASD. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Bauminger, N (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING Hadwin J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P345 HARE DJ, 1997, CLIN PSYCHOL FORUM, V110, P5 Hart K.J., 1993, COGNITIVE BEHAV PROC Hauck M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P579, DOI 10.1007/BF02178189 Hay DF, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P84, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x Howlin P, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002138 KASARI C, 2001, PERSPECTIVES DEV AUT, P309 Klin A., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P94 Krasny L, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P107, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2 LANDA R, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P121 Lemerise EA, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P107, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00124 Liss M, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P261, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006679 LOCHMAN JE, 1986, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V14, P605, DOI 10.1007/BF01260527 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Lord C, 1984, ADV APPL DEV PSYCHOL, P165 LORD C, 1995, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V7, P611 Loveland KA, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P367, DOI 10.1023/A:1010608518060 Macintosh KE, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P421, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00234.x OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 Ozonoff S., 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME HI Paul R, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P87, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00047-0 Reaven J, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P145, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002003 Ronen T., 1998, COGNITIVE BEHAV THER, P1 Rubin E, 2004, TOP LANG DISORD, V24, P271 SEIDNER LB, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01472.x Sigman M., 1999, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V64 Sofronoff K., 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1 Solomon M, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P649, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5286-y Spence S. H., 2003, CHILD ADOLESCENT MEN, V8, P84, DOI 10.1111/1475-3588.00051 SPENCE SH, 1998, COGNITIVE BEHAV THER, P217 STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 Travis LL, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P65, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<65::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-W Volkmar F. R., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P340 Wechsler D, 1974, WISC R MANUAL WECHSL NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1604 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0245-4 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600018 PM 17072753 ER PT J AU Bauminger, N AF Bauminger, Nirit TI Brief report: Group social-multimodal intervention for HFASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high-functioning children with autism; Asperger syndrome; social skill intervention; cognitive behavior therapy; group intervention ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTISM SPECTRUM; SKILLS; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS; MIND AB Current study is the second part of a 2-year cognitive-behavioral-ecological (CB-E) intervention for high-functioning (HF) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined the utility of a group-centered intervention on children's ability to interact cooperatively with peers during structured and non-structured social situations. Direct (e.g., social problem solving) and indirect (theory of mind; executive function) treatment effects on social cognitive capabilities were also examined. Participants were 26 preadolescent HF children with ASD. Study results demonstrated direct and indirect treatment effects on social cognition and mixed results regarding children's social interaction capabilities. Although children's cooperative capabilities within the intervention group improved, dyadic, and group social interactions during school recess did not. Discussion focused on the utility of such group-intervention in increasing social functioning. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Bauminger, N (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Sch Educ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM bauminn@mail.biu.ac.il CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Attwood T, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P65, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00054-8 Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 BAUMINGER N, IN PRESS J AUTISM DE Bauminger N, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1025827427901 Bauminger N, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P283, DOI 10.1023/A:1016378718278 Bauminger N, 2005, J LEARN DISABIL-US, V38, P45, DOI 10.1177/00222194050380010401 BRONFENBRENNER U, 1992, ANN CHILD DEV 6 THEO, P178 Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV EX Delis DC, 2001, DELIS KAPLAN EXECUTI Frith U, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P672, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x Gray C.A., 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME HI, P167 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 Hart K.J., 1993, COGNITIVE BEHAV PROC Howlin P, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002138 Krasny L, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P107, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2 LOCHMAN JE, 1986, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V14, P605, DOI 10.1007/BF01260527 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 Orsmond GI, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P245, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029547.96610.df OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 Paul R, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P87, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00047-0 Ronen T., 1998, COGNITIVE BEHAV THER, P1 SEIDNER LB, 1988, CHILD DEV, V59, P367, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01472.x Seltzer MM, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P565, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005995.02453.0b Sigman M, 1999, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V64, P1, DOI 10.1111/1540-5834.00002 Solomon M, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P649, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-5286-y Spence S. H., 2003, CHILD ADOLESCENT MEN, V8, P84, DOI 10.1111/1475-3588.00051 Travis LL, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P65, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<65::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-W Volkmar F. R., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P340 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1605 EP 1615 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0246-3 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 201GD UT WOS:000248818600019 PM 17072752 ER PT J AU Saemundsen, E Ludvigsson, P Rafnsson, V AF Saemundsen, Evald Ludvigsson, Petur Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur TI Autism spectrum disorders in children with a history of infantile spasms: A population-based study SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE infantile spasms; autism spectrum disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; PREVALENCE; EPILEPSY; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB The objective of this article is to describe autistic spectrum disorders in children diagnosed with infantile spasms in the first year of life. The source of data was the records of all 3 pediatric departments in Iceland. Twenty children born between 1981 and 1998 who had infantile spasms were invited to participate. When appropriate, the parents of these children were asked to complete the Social Communication Questionnaire. Children scoring 10 points or higher on the questionnaire were selected for further examination using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and either the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule or the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. All participants were given appropriate cognitive tests or measures of adaptive behavior. The parents of 17 children (10 boys, 7 girls) agreed to participate in the study Age at assessment ranged from 5 to 19 years with a mean age of I I years and 6 months. Fourteen children had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder. Six (6/17), or 35.3%, were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (3 boys, 3 girls), five of these had a history of symptomatic infantile spasms, and four were profoundly mentally retarded (IQ/DQ < 20). if the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder was restricted to children with a developmental age of 24 months or more (3 cases), the prevalence was 17.6%. The estimates found in this study exceed the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the general population. C1 State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Div Autism & Commun Disorders, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Iceland, Dept Prevent Med, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Saemundsen, E (reprint author), State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Div Autism & Commun Disorders, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. 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Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1102 EP 1107 DI 10.1177/0883073807306251 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 213MU UT WOS:000249672600006 PM 17890408 ER PT J AU Tsao, CY Mendell, JR AF Tsao, Chang-Yong Mendell, Jerry R. TI Autistic disorder in 2 children with mitochondrial disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial; autism ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DYSFUNCTION AB Autistic disorder is a heterogeneous disorder. The majority of the cases are idiopathic, and only a small number of the autistic children have associated secondary diagnosis. This article reports 2 children with mitochondrial disorders associated with autistic disorder fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association Manual of Psychiatric Diseases, 4th edition, and briefly reviews the literature on autistic disorder associated with mitochondrial disorders. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Pediat & Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Tsao, CY (reprint author), 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. EM tsaoc@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARKOVICH AJ, 1993, AM J NEURORADIOL, V14, P1119 Dinopoulos A, 2005, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V36, P290, DOI 10.1055/s-2005-872807 FELIPEK PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Filipek PA, 2003, ANN NEUROL, V53, P801, DOI 10.1002/ana.10596 Fillano James J, 2002, J Child Neurol, V17, P435 Folstein SE, 2001, NAT REV GENET, V2, P943, DOI 10.1038/35103559 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Gilliam J. E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN Graf WD, 2000, J CHILD NEUROL, V15, P357, DOI 10.1177/088307380001500601 LASZLO A, 1994, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V229, P205, DOI 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90243-7 Lerman-Sagie T, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P379, DOI 10.1177/088307380401900510 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 MARTINGARCIA J, 1999, PEDIATR NEUROL, V21, P538 Musumeci O, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V56, P849 Oliveira G, 2005, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V47, P185, DOI 10.1017/S0012162205000332 Poling JS, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P170, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00032 Pons R, 2004, J PEDIATR-US, V144, P81, DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.10.023 Schopler E., 1988, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Tuchman R, 2002, LANCET NEUROL, V1, P352, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00160-6 Valanne L, 1998, AM J NEURORADIOL, V19, P369 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1121 EP 1123 DI 10.1177/0883073807306266 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 213MU UT WOS:000249672600010 PM 17890412 ER PT J AU Corsello, C Hus, V Pickles, A Risi, S Cook, EH Leventhal, BL Lord, C AF Corsello, Christina Hus, Vanessa Pickles, Andrew Risi, Susan Cook, Edwin H., Jr. Leventhal, Bennett L. Lord, Catherine TI Between a ROC and a hard place: decision making and making decisions about using the SCQ SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; diagnosis; screening; Social Communication Questionnaire ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS; INSTRUMENT; AGE AB Background: The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), formerly the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), is based on a well-validated parent interview, the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI). It has shown promise as a screening measure for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a research-referred older sample, though recent studies with younger children reported lower sensitivities when using the suggested cutoff of >= 15 to differentiate ASDs from children with nonspectrum disorders (NS). Methods: Diagnostic discrimination of the SCQ was evaluated alone and in combination with the ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) in a clinical and research-referred sample of 590 children and adolescents (2 to 16 years), with best estimate consensus diagnoses of autism, pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and non-ASD disorders. The SCQ was completed before the evaluation in most cases. Performance of the SCQ was also compared with the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R). Results: Absolute scores and sensitivity in the younger children and specificity for all groups were lower than reported in the original study. Using receiver operating curves (ROC) to examine the area under the curve (AUC), the SCQ was more similar to the ADI-R total score in differentiating ASD from NS disorders in the older (8-10, > 11) than younger age groups (< 5, 5-7). Lowering the cutoff score in the 2 younger groups improved sensitivity, with specificity remaining relatively low in all groups. Using the SCQ in combination with the ADOS resulted in improved specificity. Diagnostic discrimination was best using the ADI-R and ADOS in combination. Conclusions: Those interested in using the SCQ should consider adjusting cutoff scores according to age and purpose, and using it in combination with another measure. Sensitivity or specificity may be prioritized for research or screening depending on goals. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Michigan Autism, Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Corsello, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM ccorsello@ucsd.edu RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bishop DVM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P917, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00114 Charman T, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P289, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00022 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Eaves L.C., 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, P95, DOI DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00007 Elliot C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY Gilliam JE, 2006, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN Howlin P, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P175, DOI 10.1177/1362361304042721 Krug D. 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Psychiatry PD SEP PY 2007 VL 48 IS 9 BP 932 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01762.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 205QX UT WOS:000249130800010 PM 17714378 ER PT J AU Loukusa, S Leinonen, E Jussila, K Mattila, ML Ryder, N Ebeling, H Moilanen, I AF Loukusa, Soile Leinonen, Eeva Jussila, Katja Mattila, Marja-Leena Ryder, Nuala Ebeling, Hanna Moilanen, Irma TI Answering contextually demanding questions: Pragmatic errors produced by children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; RELEVANCE THEORY; SPEECH ACTS; ADULTS; COMMUNICATION; COMPREHENSION; DISORDER; ABILITY; EXPLORATION AB This study examined irrelevant/incorrect answers produced by children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism (7-9-year-olds and 10-12-year-olds) and normally developing children (7-9-year-olds). The errors produced were divided into three types: in Type 1, the child answered the original question incorrectly, in Type 2, the child gave a correct answer, but when asked a follow-up question, he/she explained the answer incorrectly, and in Type 3, the child first gave a correct answer or explanation, but continued answering, which ultimately led to an irrelevant answer. Analyses of Type I and 2 errors indicated that all the children tried to utilize contextual information, albeit incorrectly. Analyses of Type 3 errors showed that topic drifts were almost non-existent in the control group, but common in the clinical group, suggesting that these children had difficulties in stopping processing after deriving a relevant answer. Learning outcomes: The reader becomes aware of the different instances which may lead to the irrelevance of answers and get knowledge about features of answers of children with AS/HFA. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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TI Antecedent classroom factors and disruptive behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article ID ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; SETTING EVENTS; STUDENTS; OPERATIONS; INCLUSION AB This study examined relationships between antecedent classroom factors and the disruptive behaviors of five elementary-aged students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the influence of four types of molar antecedent classroom factors (i.e., instructional setting, instructional activity, availability of materials, and adult proximity) occurring within the general education classroom on target children's disruptive behavior. Sequential analyses were conducted to identify possible influences of these factors on the relationship between adult directives and subsequent target child disruptive behavior. Results showed different antecedent classroom factors influenced the occurrence of and the strength and direction of the sequential relationships between teacher directives and child disruptive behavior across participants. Although idiosyncratic findings occurred, for the majority of participants, specific antecedent factors decreased the rate of disruptive behavior including: a group setting, academic adult-directed activities, no materials present, and no adult proximity. Implications for practitioners and future research are discussed. C1 [Conroy, Maureen A.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Special Educ & Policy Dev, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Asmus, Jennifer M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boyd, Brian A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ladwig, Crystal N.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Conroy, MA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Special Educ & Policy Dev, 1015 W Mainj St,Box 842020, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. 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Lecavalier, Luc TI Autism screening tools: An evaluation of the social communication questionnaire and the developmental behaviour checklist-autism screening algorithm SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorder; autism; behaviour problems; intellectual disability; diagnosis; instrument; screening; validity ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DSM-IV; PEOPLE AB Background This study is the first to evaluate the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and the Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Autism Screening Algorithm (DBC-ASA) in the same sample of school-aged children with intellectual disability (ID) with and without Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs). Method Parents of 49 children (36 with PDDs and 13 with ID) completed a survey that included a demographic form, a measure of adaptive behaviour (the SIB-R), the SCQ, and the DBC-ASA. Results According to established cut-offs, the SCQ's sensitivity was .92 and specificity was .62, and the DBC-ASA's sensitivity was .94 and specificity was .46. Six of the seven false positives on the DBC-ASA had DBC Total Problem Behaviour scores above the clinical cut-off. By contrast, all six true negatives had Total Problem Behaviour scores below the clinical cut-off. No such pattern was noted for the SCQ. Conclusion While both instruments have good psychometric properties, the results of this study suggest that clinicians and researchers should exercise caution when utilising the DBC-ASA to screen for PDDs in individuals with significant behaviour problems, as this could decrease its diagnostic validity. C1 Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lecavalier, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, 305 McCampbell Hall,1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lecavalier.l@osu.edu CR Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bishop DVM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P917, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00114 Brereton AV, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P1369, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000024838.94814.A5 Bruininks R., 1996, SCALES INDEPENDENT B CORSELLO C, 2003, SOC RES CHILD DEV BI Crijnen AAM, 1999, AM J PSYCHIAT, V156, P569 Ehlers S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P129, DOI 10.1023/A:1023040610384 Einfeld S., 1992, MANUAL DEV BEHAV CHE Einfeld S. L., 2002, MANUAL DEV BEHAV CHE Gadow KD, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P392, DOI 10.1177/1362361305056079 Gilliam J. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1080/13668250701604776 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 233JO UT WOS:000251087400002 PM 17885895 ER PT J AU Oliver, C Hagerman, R AF Oliver, Chris Hagerman, Randi TI Trends and challenges in behavioural phenotype research SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PREMUTATION; RNA; RECEPTOR; AUTISM C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Oliver, C (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. CR Arocena DG, 2005, HUM MOL GENET, V14, P3661, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddi394 Bear MF, 2004, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V27, P370, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2004.04.009 COFFEY SM, AM J MED GENETICS D'Hulst C, 2006, BRAIN RES, V1121, P238, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.115 Farzin F, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS137, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00012 Hagerman PJ, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V74, P805, DOI 10.1086/386296 Hagerman RJ, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, P63, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200602000-00012 Karmiloff-Smith A, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1258, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00322.x MORTON, 2004, UNDERSTANDING DEV DI Nowicki ST, 2007, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V28, P133, DOI 10.1097/01.DBP.0000267563.18952.c9 Porter RHP, 2005, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V315, P711, DOI 10.1124/jpet.105.089839 Ranum LPW, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V74, P793, DOI 10.1086/383590 Selby L, 2007, NEUROSCI LETT, V412, P227, DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.062 Tassone F, 2000, AM J HUM GENET, V66, P6, DOI 10.1086/302720 Westmark CJ, 2007, PLOS BIOL, V5, P629, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050052 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 649 EP 652 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00987.x PN 9 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100001 ER PT J AU Corbett, BA Mendoza, S Wegelin, J Carmean, V Levine, S AF Corbett, B. A. Mendoza, S. Wegelin, J. Carmean, V. Levine, S. TI Variable diurnal rhythm cortisol and anticipatory stress in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE autism; cortisol; stress; diurnal rhythm; MRI C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 654 EP 654 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100006 ER PT J AU Howlin, P Magiati, I Charman, T AF Howlin, P. Magiati, I. Charman, T. TI Early intensive behavioural intervention vs specialist nursery provision for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE autism; early intervention; EIBI C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London WC2R 2LS, England. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011; Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 657 EP 657 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100018 ER PT J AU Solomon, M Ozonoff, S Ursu, S Ravizza, S Cummings, N Carter, C AF Solomon, M. Ozonoff, S. Ursu, S. Ravizza, S. Cummings, N. Carter, C. TI The neural substrates of cognitive control in autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Autistic Spectrum Disorder; cognitive control; fMRI C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 657 EP 657 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100016 ER PT J AU Macedoni-Luksic, M Greiss-Hess, L Rogers, SJ Gosar, D Chitwood, KL Hagerman, R AF Macedoni-Luksic, M. Greiss-Hess, L. Rogers, S. J. Gosar, D. Chitwood, K. L. Hagerman, R. TI Imitation in children with Fragile X syndrome: implications for autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Fragile X syndrome; imitation; autism spectrum disorders C1 Univ Pediat Hosp, Dept Child & Dev Neurol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 658 EP 658 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100019 ER PT J AU Alaghband-Rad, J Nejatisafa, A Kazemi, MR AF Alaghband-rad, J. Nejatisafa, A. Kazemi, M. R. TI Autistic spectrum symptoms and its correlates: the impact of subject of study among Masters and PhD students SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE autism; Aspergers syndrome; students C1 Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 659 EP 659 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100021 ER PT J AU Abbeduto, L Lewis, P Kover, S AF Abbeduto, L. Lewis, P. Kover, S. TI Theory of mind in adolescents with Fragile X syndrome with and without autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Fragile X syndrome; autism; social cognition; theory of mind; behavioural phenotypes C1 Waisman Ctr UW, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 660 EP 660 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100025 ER PT J AU Zingerevich, C Hagerman, RJ Hess, LG Lemons-Chitwood, K Harris, SW AF Zingerevich, C. Hagerman, R. J. Hess, L. G. Lemons-Chitwood, K. Harris, S. W. TI Motor abilities of children diagnosed with FXS with and without autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE fragile X syndrome; autism; motor abilities; behavioural phenotype C1 MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 663 EP 663 PN 9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100033 ER PT J AU Basile, E Villa, L Selicorni, A Molteni, M AF Basile, E. Villa, L. Selicorni, A. Molteni, M. TI The behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: a study of 56 individuals SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; behavioural phenotypes; cognitive level; Cornelia de Lange Syndrome; intellectual disability; self-injury ID BRACHMANN-DELANGE SYNDROME; SELF-MUTILATIVE BEHAVIOR; NORMAL INTELLIGENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; NIPBL AB Background Few studies have investigated functional and behavioural variables of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) in a large sample of individuals. The aim of this study is to provide greater insight into the clinical, behavioural and cognitive characteristics that are associated with CdLS. Methods In total, 56 individuals with CdLS participated in the study. During hospitalization, their mothers received a number of questionnaires to complete. The behavioural phenotype was investigated using the following scales: Developmental Behaviour Scale Primary Carer Version; Autism Behaviour Checklist; Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results Our participants demonstrated some behavioural characteristics that are frequently associated with CdLS (hyperactivity, attention disorder, anxiety, compulsive disorders, self-injurious behaviour and autistic-like features). Our findings demonstrate the variability of behavioural characteristics in CdLS in addition to highlighting the contribution of some variables to both the CdLS behavioural profile and the developmental trajectory of the behavioural pattern. Conclusions The behavioural characteristics identified in our sample were correlated with some clinical and functional aspects (chronological age, cognitive level and clinical phenotype). The variability of the behavioural profile in CdLS reflected the wide variability in cognitive and adaptive functioning across individuals and led us to conclude that there may be multiple behavioural phenotypes associated with the syndrome. Further comparative studies between CdLS and individuals with intellectual disability or other genetic syndromes may help to provide further understanding of the behavioural phenotype of CdLS. C1 Dept Pediat, Clin Genet, Milan, Italy. RP Basile, E (reprint author), Via Don Luigi Monza,20 Bosisio Parini, I-23842 Lecce, Italy. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00977.x PN 9 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100041 PM 17845236 ER PT J AU Orsmond, GI Seltzer, MM AF Orsmond, G. I. Seltzer, M. M. TI Siblings of individuals with autism or Down syndrome: effects on adult lives SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adulthood; autism; Down syndrome; siblings ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHRONIC DISABILITIES; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; BROTHERS; SISTERS; INVOLVEMENT; ADJUSTMENT; COMPETENCE; FAMILIES AB Background In this study, we examine instrumental and affective involvement in the sibling relationship for adults who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or Down syndrome (DS). We ask three research questions: (i) How do adult siblings of individuals with ASD differ from siblings of individuals with DS in their assessment of the quality of the sibling relationship and their experience of growing up with a brother or sister with a disability? (2) Are there gender effects on the sibling relationship and sibling experience in these two groups? (3) Which factors are predictive of variation in the sibling relationship for siblings of adults with ASD or DS? Methods Data from 154 siblings who participated in two linked longitudinal studies were used. Seventy-seven siblings with a brother or sister with ASD were matched by age and gender to 77 siblings with a brother or sister with DS. The siblings in each group were between 21 and 56 years of age and over half were sisters. Siblings completed questionnaires on instrumental and affective involvement with their brother or sister with ASD or DS, the impact of growing up with a brother or sister with a disability on their lives, and their coping skills and feelings of pessimism. Results Compared with the siblings of adults with DS, siblings of adults with ASD had less contact with their brother or sister, reported lower levels of positive affect in the relationship, felt more pessimistic about their brother or sister's future, and were more likely to report that their relationships with their parents had been affected. For siblings of adults with ASD, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling had lower educational levels, lived closer to the brother or sister with ASD, used more problem-focused coping strategies, and when his or her brother or sister with ASD had higher levels of functional independence. In contrast, for siblings of adults with DS, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling did not have children, had lower levels of education, lived closer to the brother or sister with DS, when he or she used more problem-focused coping, was less pessimistic about the brother or sister's future, and when his or her life had been impacted to a greater extent by growing up with a brother or sister with DS. Conclusions We discuss the implications of these findings for future caregiving roles for siblings. Siblings of individuals with ASD may face difficulty when their parents are no longer able to be the primary caregivers for their brother or sister with ASD, as they tend to have less emotional closeness and are more pessimistic about their brother or sister's future than siblings of individuals with DS. Moreover, in both groups, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling used more problem-focused coping strategies, which may have implications for intervention. C1 Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 01867 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Orsmond, GI (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 01867 USA. EM gorsmond@bu.edu CR Abbeduto L, 2004, AM J MENT RETARD, V109, P237, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2 American Psychiatric Association, 2002, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAGENHOLM A, 1991, J MENT DEFIC RES, V35, P291 BEGUN AL, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V93, P566 Bengston V., 1973, LIFE SPAN DEV PSYCH, P207 Bruininks R. 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I., 1983, MARRIAGE FAM REV, V6, P7, DOI DOI 10.1300/J002V06N01_02 MCHALE SM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P399, DOI 10.1007/BF01531707 MCHALE SM, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P421, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.421 Orsmond GI, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P486, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0486:BASOAW>2.0.CO;2 PIVEN J, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P177, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199003000-00004 Pruchno RA, 1996, FAM RELAT, V45, P318, DOI 10.2307/585504 PTACEK JT, 1992, J PERS, V60, P747, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00272.x RODRIGUE JR, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P665, DOI 10.1007/BF01046108 Seltzer MM, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P267 Seltzer MM, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P565, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000005995.02453.0b SELTZER MM, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P303 Shaked M, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P35, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018072.42845.83 Sheskin D.J., 2004, HDB PARAMETRIC NONPA SMALLEY SL, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P19, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320600105 STONEMAN Z, 1991, AM J MENT RETARD, V95, P537 STONEMAN Z, 1989, AM J MENT RETARD, V94, P195 WILSON CJ, 1992, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V36, P325 WILSON J, 1989, MENT RETARD, V27, P167 Yirmiya N, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P511, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01528.x ZETLIN AG, 1986, AM J MENT RETARD, V91, P217 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 682 EP 696 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00954.x PN 9 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100042 PM 17845237 ER PT J AU Bayat, M AF Bayat, M. TI Evidence of resilience in families of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; disability; family; meaning; resilience; strength ID STRESS THEORY; DISABILITIES AB Background Family resilience is a growing field of inquiry, investigating factors that contribute to a family's becoming stronger in spite of dealing with adversity. Despite the growing interest in studying family resilience, the topic has not been explored in families with children who have disabilities. This report, a part of a larger study - using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies - is an examination of factors of family resilience in the families of children with autism. Evidence of family resilience such as family connectedness and closeness, positive meaning-making of the disability, and spiritual and personal growth were identified and examined in this part of the study. Method The study uses a survey methodology, analysing responses to several rating scales and written responses to three open-ended questions. Survey respondents consisted of 175 parents and other primary caregivers of a child with autism ages between 2 and 18 years. Results Results suggest identification of specific resilience processes, such as: making positive meaning of disability, mobilization of resources, and becoming united and closer as a family; finding greater appreciation of life in general, and other people in specific, and gaining spiritual strength. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 51 BP 702 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00960.x PN 9 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 206IC UT WOS:000249176100044 PM 17845239 ER PT J AU Tan, WH Baris, HN Burrows, PE Robson, CD Alomari, AI Mulliken, JB Fishman, SJ Irons, MB AF Tan, Wen-Hann Baris, Hagit N. Burrows, Patricia E. Robson, Caroline D. Alomari, Ahmad I. Mulliken, John B. Fishman, Steven J. Irons, Mira B. TI The spectrum of vascular anomalies in patients with PTEN mutations: implications for diagnosis and management SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RILEY-RUVALCABA-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL VENOUS ANOMALIES; BANNAYAN-ZONANA-SYNDROME; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; COWDEN-SYNDROME; ARTERIOVENOUS-MALFORMATIONS; GERMLINE; PATHWAY; PROTEIN; CLASSIFICATION AB Background: Mutations in the PTEN gene cause two disorders that predispose to cancer, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba and Cowden syndromes. Some patients with a PTEN mutation have only macrocephaly and autism, but they may still be at risk for neoplasms. Vascular anomalies occur in patients with a PTEN mutation, but they have not been systematically studied or precisely defined. Method: We analysed the clinical and radiological features of the vascular anomalies in 26 patients with PTEN mutations who were either seen or had their medical records reviewed at Children's Hospital Boston. Results: All 23 patients who had their head circumference measured were macrocephalic, and all 13 male patients who were fully examined had penile freckling. Vascular anomalies were found in 14/26 (54%) of patients: 8/14 (57%) had multiple lesions and 11/13 (85%) who had cross-sectional imaging had intramuscular vascular lesions. Radiographic studies showed that 12/14 (86%) were fast-flow vascular anomalies, and angiography typically showed focal segmental dilatation of draining veins. Excessive ectopic fat in the vascular anomalies was present in 11/ 12 (92%) of patients on CT or MRI. Intracranial developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) were found in 8/9 (89%) of patients who had brain MRI with contrast. Conclusions: Vascular anomalies in patients with a PTEN mutation are typically multifocal intramuscular combinations of fast-flow channels and ectopic fat. Cerebral DVAs are very common. 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TI Early intervention for the ocular and neurodevelopmental sequelae of Fetal Valproate Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE amblyopia; Autistic Spectrum Disorder; sodium valproate ID ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; EPILEPSY; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB The established teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs raises important issues in women of child-bearing age. While the association between neural tube defects and antiepileptic drugs is well recognised, other congenital malformations are known to occur. We report two siblings with characteristic craniofacial features of Fetal Valproate Syndrome who also had associated ocular and neurodevelopmental problems which would benefit from early recognition and intervention. C1 Royal Hosp Sick Children, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Lanark, Scotland. So Gen Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol & Orthopt, Glasgow G51 4TF, Lanark, Scotland. 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TI Using perseverative interests to elicit joint attention behaviors in young children with autism: Theoretical and clinical implications for understanding motivation SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INTERVENTION; SPEECH; DEFICITS; PARENTS; INFANT; SKILLS AB Various explanations have been offered in the literature on the underlying cause of joint attention deficits in autism. One possible explanation is that children with autism are capable of producing joint attention but lack the social motivation to share their interests with others. The current study used a single-subject reversal design with alternating treatments to examine whether joint attention initiations for social sharing would occur as a collateral effect of utilizing the motivational techniques of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) in conjunction with perseverative interest stimuli for three young nonverbal children with autism. Results indicated an immediate increase in joint attention initiations when perseverative, or highly preferred, interests were incorporated within the motivational techniques of PRT. Additional findings included collateral increases in joint attention initiations toward less preferred interests, as well as improvements in the quality of interaction between the children and caregivers. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and clinical implications for understanding the role of motivation in the development of joint attention in autism. C1 Univ Calif Davis, MIND, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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Posit. Behav. Interv. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 214 EP 228 DI 10.1177/10983007070090040401 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 215LE UT WOS:000249809100004 ER PT J AU Rose, TE Zirkel, P AF Rose, Tessie E. Zirkel, Perry TI Orton-Gillingham methodology for students with reading disabilities - 30 years of case law SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; INSTRUCTION AB Although numerous studies have investigated autism methodology case law, few studies have investigated case law regarding reading methodology, particularly the Orton-Gillingham approach, for students with reading disabilities. We provide the results of a systematic case analysis of all published Orton-Gillingham decisions from the original passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) through 2005. 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We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure cortical activation while normal subjects casually talked to an actor (communication task) or verbally described a situation (description task) while observing video clips of an action performed by a familiar or an unfamiliar actor in a typical daily situation. We assumed that the communication task differed from the description task in the involvement of behavioral aspects of communicative speech production, which may involve the processing of interaction-relevant biographical information. Significantly higher activation was observed during the communication task than during the description task in the medial prefrontal cortex (polar and dorsal parts), the bilateral anterior superior temporal sulci, and the left temporciparietal junction. The results suggest that these regions play a role in the behavioral aspects of communicative speech production, presumably in understanding of the context of the social interaction. The activation of the polar part of the medial prefrontal cortex during the communication task was greater when the actor was familiar than when the actor was unfamiliar, suggesting that this region is involved in communicative speech production with reference to biological information. The precuneus was activated during the communication task only with the familiar actor, suggesting that this region is related to access to biographical information per se. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, IDAC, Dept Funct Brain Imaging, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. JST, RISTEX, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. NIPS, Dept Cerebral Res, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. JSPS, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028471, Japan. Tohoku Univ, GSICS, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808576, Japan. RP Sassa, Y (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, IDAC, Dept Funct Brain Imaging, Aoba Ku, Sieryo Cho 4-1, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. 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It is caused by deficiency of gene expression from maternally derived chromosome 15q11-q13. Study Design: The authors present the clinical picture of 9 children (median age, 4.9 years; range, 1 to 10 years) with confirmed Angelman syndrome. The patients complied with the international consensus criteria for AS and were consecutively investigated for psychomotor development, epilepsy, and electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 3.9 years. The motor milestones were delayed. Median developmental quotient level was 26. All patients but 1 experienced predominantly polymorphic seizures. In 4 cases, the epilepsy was refractory to treatment. The EEG of all patients displayed an abnormal sleep pattern and generalized abnormalities, with a maximum over the posterior areas. Conclusions: Milder or less typical phenotypes of AS may remain undiagnosed, leading to an overall underdiagnosis of the disease. The EEG shows no clear relation to genotype, clinical picture, or to the presence and severity of epilepsy. AS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with severe cryptogenic epilepsy and a characteristic configuration of clinical features. C1 Silesia Univ Med, Dept Child Neurol, Uppersilesian Child & Mother Hlth Inst, PL-40756 Katowice, Poland. Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Dept Med Genet, Warsaw, Poland. RP Paprocka, J (reprint author), Silesia Univ Med, Dept Child Neurol, Uppersilesian Child & Mother Hlth Inst, Ul Medykow 16, PL-40756 Katowice, Poland. 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Posey, David J. Stigler, Kimberly A. McDougle, ChristopherJ. TI Pharmacologic treatment of autism and related disorders SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CROSSOVER TRIAL; CHILDREN; HALOPERIDOL C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Riley Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat Clin, Dept Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Erickson, CA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Riley Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat Clin, Dept Psychiat, 702 Barnhill Dr,Room 4300, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 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Annu. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 36 IS 9 BP 575 EP 585 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 209TN UT WOS:000249411000008 PM 17910205 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Sheller, B Williams, BJ Mand, L Cowan, C AF Marshall, Jennifer Sheller, Barbara Williams, Bryan J. Mand, Lloyd Cowan, Charles TI Cooperation predictors for dental patients with autism SO PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE autism; pediatric dentistry; cooperation; behavior guidance ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ATTITUDES; UPDATE; CARE AB Purpose: This study evaluated potential predictors of cooperation during dental appointments for children with autism. Methods. Data were collected from 108 parent/child pairs and their dentists, Questions included: (7) medical/dental history; (2)function(71 language; (3) personal hygiene skills; (4) academic setting, and (5) achievements. Behavior was scored using the Frankl scale. Results. Subjects were 80 males and 28 females 2.7 to 19 years old with a mean age of 9.8 years. Frankl scores were 65% uncooperative (definitely negative or negative) and 35% cooperative (positive or definitely positive). Multiple factors predicted uncooperative behavior; (7) appointment type (P=.03); (2) concurrent medical diagnoses (P=.04); (3) nonverbal/minimal or echolalic language (P=.005); (4) inability to understand language appropriate for age (P=.02); (5) inability to follow multistep instructions (P=.04); (6) parents providing most/all tooth-brushing (P=.004); (7) partially or not toilet trained at 4+ years (P=.02); (8) inability to sit for a haircut (P=.01); (9) attending special education (P <.007); and (10) inability to read at 6+ years (P <.001). Conclusions. Five questions readily answered by a caregiver may indicate a child's cooperative potential. Preappointment inquiry about toilet training, toothbrushing, haircuts, academic achievement and language can give the dentist insight into the child's ability to respond positively to behavior guidance techniques based on communication. C1 [Williams, Bryan J.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Dent Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Bryan J.] Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Mand, Lloyd; Cowan, Charles] Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mammelon@hotmail.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Armstrong D, 1999, Spec Care Dentist, V19, P72, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01371.x Arnrup K, 2002, EUR J ORAL SCI, V110, P75, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11190.x Backman B, 1999, J DENT CHILD, V66, P325 Braff M., 1979, J DENT CHILD, V46, P404 CORAH NL, 1969, J DENT RES, V48, P596, DOI 10.1177/00220345690480041801 Crossley ML, 2002, BRIT DENT J, V192, P517, DOI 10.1038/sj.bdj.4801416a Davila J M, 1988, Spec Care Dentist, V8, P58, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1988.tb00692.x Dawson G, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P415, DOI 10.1023/A:1005547422749 Eigsti I., 2003, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V9, P206, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10081 Fahlvik-Planefeldt C, 2001, SWED DENT J, V25, P113 Fombonne E, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, P3 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Frankl S. 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Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA 267HO UT WOS:000253500300003 PM 18027770 ER PT J AU Chugani, HT Juhasz, C Behen, ME Ondersma, R Muzik, O AF Chugani, Harry T. Juhasz, Csaba Behen, Michael E. Ondersma, Ross Muzik, Otto TI Autism with facial port-wine stain: A new syndrome? SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STURGE-WEBER-SYNDROME; BILATERAL OCCIPITAL CALCIFICATIONS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CELIAC-DISEASE; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN AB The hallmark of Sturge-Weber syndrome is leptomeningeal angiomatosis. Over 15 years, four children were identified (2 boys, age 2.9-6 years) with unilateral facial port-wine stain, referred for presumable Sturge-Weber syndrome but who were also autistic. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans failed to show evidence of leptomeningeal angioma in all four children. Three of the children had a history of seizures. Detailed neuropsychologic testing of three children revealed a similar presentation, characterized by developmental disturbance, particularly involving delayed onset of language, and early-emerging social atypicality. Positron emission tomography scanning of cerebral glucose metabolism revealed hypometabolism in the bilateral medial temporal regions, anterior cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex, right temporal cortex, and cerebellum. The pattern of glucose hypometabolism differed from that of 12 children with infantile autism (age 2.7-7.9 years) who had mild left medial temporal but more severe right temporal cortical hypometabolism and showed a reversal of normal frontotemporal asymmetry of glucose metabolism. Unilateral facial port-wine stain and autism with no intracranial angioma on conventional imaging may represent a rare clinical entity distinct from both infantile autism and previously described variants of Sturge-Weber syndrome. (C) 2007 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Sch Med, PET Ctr,Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Sch Med, PET Ctr,Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI USA. RP Chugani, HT (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Sch Med, PET Ctr,Dept Neurol, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. 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Neurol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.05.005 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 211TC UT WOS:000249545200006 PM 17765807 ER PT J AU Limperopoulos, C Bassan, H Gauvreau, K Robertson, RL Sullivan, NR Benson, CB Avery, L Stewart, J Soul, JS Ringer, SA Volpe, JJ du Plessis, AJ AF Limperopoulos, Catherine Bassan, Haim Gauvreau, Kimberlee Robertson, Richard L. Sullivan, Nancy R. Benson, Carol B. Avery, Lauren Stewart, Jane Soul, Janet S. Ringer, Steven A. Volpe, Joseph J. du Plessis, Adre J. TI Does cerebellar injury in premature infants contribute to the high prevalence of long-term cognitive, learning, and behavioral disability in survivors? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cerebellar injury; prematurity; MRI; developmental; outcome ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EXTREMELY PRETERM BIRTH; WHITE-MATTER INJURY; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITY; CEREBRAL-PALSY; RISK-FACTORS; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE. Although cerebellar hemorrhagic injury is increasingly diagnosed in infants who survive premature birth, its long-term neurodevelopmental impact is poorly defined. We sought to delineate the potential role of cerebellar hemorrhagic injury in the long-term disabilities of survivors of prematurity. DESIGN. We compared neurodevelopmental outcome in 3 groups of premature infants ( N = 86; 35 isolated cerebellar hemorrhagic injury, 35 age-matched controls, 16 cerebellar hemorrhagic injury plus supratentorial parenchymal injury). Subjects underwent formal neurologic examinations and a battery of standardized developmental, functional, and behavioral evaluations ( mean age: 32.1 +/- 11.1 months). Autism-screening questionnaires were completed. RESULTS. Neurologic abnormalities were present in 66% of the isolated cerebellar hemorrhagic injury cases compared with 5% of the infants in the control group. Infants with isolated cerebellar hemorrhagic injury versus controls had significantly lower mean scores on all tested measures, including severe motor disabilities ( 48% vs 0%), expressive language ( 42% vs 0%), delayed receptive language ( 37% vs 0%), and cognitive deficits ( 40% vs 0%). Isolated cerebellar hemorrhagic injury was significantly associated with severe functional limitations in day-to-day activities. Significant differences were noted between cases of cerebellar hemorrhagic injury versus controls on autism screeners ( 37% vs 0%) and internalizing behavioral problems ( 34% vs 9%). Global developmental, functional, and social-behavioral deficits were more common and profound in preterm infants with injury to the vermis. Preterm infants with cerebellar hemorrhagic injury and supratentorial parenchymal injury were not at overall greater risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities, although neuromotor impairment was more severe. CONCLUSIONS. Cerebellar hemorrhagic injury in preterm infants is associated with a high prevalence of long-term pervasive neurodevelopment disabilities and may play an important and underrecognized role in the cognitive, learning, and behavioral dysfunction known to affect survivors. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Fetal Neonatal Neurol Res Grp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Sch Phys & Occupat Therapy, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dev Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Infant Follow Up Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Newborn Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP du Plessis, AJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Fetal Neonatal Neurol Res Grp, Fegan 11,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Using four groups of Japanese participants (heterosexual and non-heterosexual men and women), we demonstrated that there was a robust association within each of the groups. The association of self-monitoring with sociosexuality was considerably stronger and more stable than that of other putative factors such as family stress in the early stages of life or the level of self-esteem. The possible effect of prenatal androgen levels on self-monitoring and sociosexuality was investigated using the masculinity of preferred play in childhood as an alternative measure; however, no significant correlation was observed. These results suggested that common substrates between self-monitoring and sociosexuality exist, irrespective of population differences. However, the difference in the prenatal androgen levels to which the participants had been exposed was an unlikely candidate. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Cognit & Behav Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tokyo 171, Japan. RP Sakaguchi, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Cognit & Behav Sci, Meguro Ku, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. 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Ann. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 37 IS 9 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 212YV UT WOS:000249633900012 ER PT J AU Mchugh, L Barnes-Holmes, Y Barnes-Holmes, D Whelan, R Stewart, I AF Mchugh, Louise Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne Barnes-Holmes, Dermot Whelan, Robert Stewart, Ian TI Knowing me, knowing you: Deictic complexity in falsebelief understanding SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article ID RELATIONAL COMPLEXITY; AUTISM; MIND AB Investigators examined the role of deictic complexity in the context of false-belief understanding. Deictic relations (i.e., I and You, HERE and THERE, and Now and THEN) are used to describe one's perspective on events in the environment. Differences in complexity between responding in accordance with "I" (self) and "You" (other) relations are thought to be critical in explaining the relative difficulty of false-belief tasks in which taking the perspective of another plays a central role. Reaction times for false-belief tasks in which the presence of self and other relations was systematically manipulated were compared. A significant difference emerged between mean reaction times for these two sets of tasks, thus providing direct evidence that deictic relations are involved in false-belief tasks. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Psychol, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. RP Mchugh, L (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Psychol, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. 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Bull, Rebecca TI Exploring the specificity of age-related differences in theory of mind tasks SO PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING LA English DT Article DE social understanding; aging; theory of mind; emotion ID LOBE CONTRIBUTIONS; WORKING-MEMORY; OLD-AGE; AUTISM; STORY AB Tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM) and non-mental state control tasks were administered to young and older adults to examine previous contradictory findings about age differences in mental state decoding. Age differences were found on a verbal TOM task after controlling for vocabulary levels. Older adults achieved significantly lower scores than did younger adults on static and dynamic visual ToM tasks, and a similar pattern was found on non-ToM control tasks. Rather than a specific ToM deficit, older adults exhibited a more general impairment in the ability to decode cues from verbal and visual information about people. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Coll Life Sci & Med, Sch Psychol, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, Scotland. RP Slessor, G (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Coll Life Sci & Med, Sch Psychol, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, Scotland. EM gillian.slessor@abdn.ac.uk RI Bull, Rebecca/A-7895-2008; Phillips, Louise/A-7952-2008 OI Phillips, Louise/0000-0003-1005-8567 CR Apperly IA, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P1773, DOI 10.1162/0898929042947928 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006643 Brune M, 2005, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULL, V31, P21, DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbi002 BULL R, 2007, UNPUB ROLE CONTROL F Carstensen LL, 1999, AM PSYCHOL, V54, P165, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.54.3.165 Channon S, 2000, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V38, P1006, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00154-2 De Beni R, 2004, MEMORY, V12, P75, DOI 10.1080/09658210244000568 Frith U, 2003, PHILOS T R SOC B, V358, P459, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1218 German TP, 2006, COGNITION, V101, P129, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.05.007 Greenwood PM, 2000, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V6, P705, DOI 10.1017/S1355617700666092 Happe FGE, 1998, DEV PSYCHOL, V34, P358, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.34.2.358 Heavey L, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P225, DOI 10.1023/A:1005544518785 Keightley ML, 2006, PSYCHOL AGING, V21, P558, DOI 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.558 MacPherson SE, 2002, PSYCHOL AGING, V17, P598, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.598 Maylor EA, 2002, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V93, P465, DOI 10.1348/000712602761381358 McKinnon MC, 2007, COGNITION, V102, P179, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.12.011 Perner J, 1999, TRENDS COGN SCI, V3, P337, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01362-5 Phillips LH, 2002, J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL, V57, pP526 Raven J. 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TI Introduction to the special issue on autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wilczynski, SM (reprint author), 41 Pacella Pk Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. EM info@nationalautismcenter.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0033-3085 J9 PSYCHOL SCHOOLS JI Psychol. Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 651 EP 651 DI 10.1002/pits PG 1 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700001 ER PT J AU Wilczynski, SM Menousek, K Hunter, M Hunter, M Mudgal, D AF Wilczynski, Susan M. Menousek, Kathryn Hunter, Melissa Hunter, Melissa Mudgal, Dipti TI Individualized education programs for youth with autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRETEND PLAY; COMMUNICATION; REINFORCERS; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIORS; ADULTS AB Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) present with a broad array of deficits and excesses that require educational intervention. The Individualized Education Program (IEP) serves as the blueprint for educational intervention but it can sometimes be difficult to identify which goals and objectives should be addressed with this population. It is necessary to be familiar with the defining features of ASD and the associated characteristics that youth may demonstrate in order to develop appropriate educational goals and objectives. The purpose of this article is to review the broad range of characteristics often evidenced by youth with ASD and to associate these features with specific skills to consider when developing IEP goals and objectives. This article primarily concentrates on providing an extensive list of skills and subskills that should be considered whenever children have been diagnosed or verified with an ASD. Finally, resources that may aid educators in developing IEPs are provided. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wilczynski, SM (reprint author), 41 Pacella Pk Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. EM info@nationalautismcenter.org CR Adams C, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P679, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00056 Adolphs R, 2001, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V13, P232, DOI 10.1162/089892901564289 ALBERTO PA, 2005, APPL BEHAV ANAL TEAC American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baker J. E., 2003, SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINI Baker M. J., 2000, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V2, P66, DOI 10.1177/109830070000200201 Bass JD, 2007, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V44, P727, DOI 10.1002/pits.20261 BATEMAN B, 2003, WRITING MEASURABLE I Blanc R, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361305053253 Bregman J. 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A., 2000, DO WATCH LISTEN SAY Ross DE, 2002, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V37, P343 Rubin E, 2004, TOP LANG DISORD, V24, P271 RYDELL RJ, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P719 Schreibman L, 1973, J Abnorm Child Psychol, V1, P152, DOI 10.1007/BF00916110 SCHREIBMAN L, 1975, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V8, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-91 SIEGEL LM, 2004, COMPLETE JEP GUIDE A SIEGEL LM, 2004, COMPLETE IEP GUIDE A SIGMAN M, 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P248 Simpson R., 2005, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P367 Smith M. J., 2001, TEACHING PLAY SKILLS Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Taylor BA, 1999, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V11, P253, DOI 10.1023/A:1021800716392 THORP DM, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF02179288 Volkmar F. R., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Whalen C, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P456, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00135 Williams E, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P67, DOI 10.1023/A:1005665714197 NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0033-3085 J9 PSYCHOL SCHOOLS JI Psychol. Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 653 EP 666 DI 10.1002/pits PG 14 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700002 ER PT J AU Sterling-Turner, HE Jordan, SS AF Sterling-Turner, Heather E. Jordan, Sara S. TI Interventions addressing transition difficulties for individuals with autism SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; MOMENTUM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; PROBABILITY; DISORDERS; INCREASE; REQUESTS; STUDENTS; TIMES AB Transitioning between activities can pose difficulties when working with students with autism. Individuals with autism may resist transitions by exhibiting a host of problem behaviors such as aggression and tantrums. Although scant, there is available research that provides sound recommendations for assessing and intervening for problem behaviors occurring during transition times. The present article presents a summary of the current transition literature, with a special emphasis on interventions for students with autism. Recommendations for the functional assessment and treatment evaluation of transitional difficulties are presented as well. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Sterling-Turner, HE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, 118 Coll Dr 5025, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM heather.turner@usm.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Carothers D. E., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P102, DOI 10.1177/10883576040190020501 Davis CA, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-471 Dettmer S., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P163, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500307 Dooley P., 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P57, DOI 10.1177/109830070100300108 Ferguson A, 2004, CHILD FAM BEHAV THER, V26, P17, DOI 10.1300/J019v26n01_02 Flannery K. B., 1994, J BEHAVIORAL ED, V4, P157, DOI 10.1007/BF01544110 FLANNERY KB, 1995, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V18, P499 HENLEY M, 2006, CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Kern L, 2000, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V25, P212, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.25.4.212 MACDUFF GS, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-89 McCord BE, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P195, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-195 MCLANNAHN LE, 1999, ACTIVITY SCHEDULES C Mesibov G. 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TI Using naturalistic procedures to enhance learning in individuals with autism: A focus on generalized teaching within the school setting SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; PIVOTAL RESPONSE; DISCRETE-TRIAL; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; LANGUAGE; INITIATIONS; ADJECTIVES AB Children with autism often have difficulty successfully applying newly acquired skills to novel situations. Naturalistic teaching procedures have been developed to help address this problem with generalization. These naturalistic procedures promote generalization through the use of natural consequences, diverse training, and the incorporation of mediators. The purpose of this article is to define these tactics and then describe and review three popular naturalistic teaching approaches: incidental teaching, pivotal response training, and script-fading. The article will also review the research support for these procedures and conclude with a discussion of implications for research and practice. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Educ Fdn & Special Serv, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst Genet & Rehabil, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Cowan, RJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Educ Fdn & Special Serv, 405 White Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM rcowanl@kent.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 2004, INDIVIDUALS DISABILI Bass JD, 2007, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V44, P727, DOI 10.1002/pits.20261 Delprato DJ, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P315, DOI 10.1023/A:1010747303957 EDELSTEIN BA, 1989, BEHAV THER, V20, P311, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80052-8 Gresham FM, 1997, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V20, P233 HART B, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-243 HART BM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P109, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-109 Hart B. 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E., 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P119, DOI 10.1177/10883576020170020701 THORP DM, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF02179288 WITCZYNKSI SM, 2003, PROVEN PRACTICE, V5, P23 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0033-3085 J9 PSYCHOL SCHOOLS JI Psychol. Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 701 EP 715 DI 10.1002/pits.20259 PG 15 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700006 ER PT J AU Scattone, D AF Scattone, Dorothy TI Social skills interventions for children with autism SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; SELF-MANAGEMENT; TEACHING-CHILDREN; PLAY; BEHAVIORS; INITIATIONS; STORIES; PEERS AB Autism is characterized by deficits in pretend play, perspective taking, initiating and responding to others, and other profound social impairments. As the incidence of children being identified with autism increases, so does the need for effective interventions that target social skills development. Over the last decade, social skills interventions have become more sophisticated, incorporating video technology and naturalistic teaching procedures. Many of these studies have been shown to generalize across settings, participants, and to individuals not directly involved in these studies. Although the small sample sizes make generalization of findings to the population at large somewhat problematic, continued replication of these studies and the development of increasingly sophisticated social skills interventions may lead to broader interpretation and application. This article reviews critical research conducted over the past 15 years on social skills interventions. To aid in the implementation of these interventions, suggestions for application and a list of references follow the review. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Child Dev & Behav Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Scattone, D (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Child Dev & Behav Med, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM dscattone@ped.umsmed.edu CR Apple AL, 2005, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V7, P33, DOI 10.1177/10983007050070010401 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BROWNELL MD, 2002, J MUSIC THER, V2, P117 Charlop-Christy MH, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P537, DOI 10.1023/A:1005635326276 Charlop-Christy MH, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P12, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010101 D'Ateno P, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P5, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010801 GOLDSTEIN H, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-289 Gonzalez-Lopez A., 1997, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V12, P2 Gray C, 2000, NEW SOCIAL STORIES B GRAY C, 1998, MORNING NEWS, V10, P2 Howell K. 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L., 1995, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V10, P1 Taylor BA, 1999, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V11, P253, DOI 10.1023/A:1021800716392 Thiemann KS, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P425, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-425 THORP DM, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P265, DOI 10.1007/BF02179288 Zanolli K, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P407, DOI 10.1007/BF02172826 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0033-3085 J9 PSYCHOL SCHOOLS JI Psychol. Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1002/pits.20260 PG 10 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700007 ER PT J AU Bass, JD Mulick, JA AF Bass, Jennifer D. Mulick, James A. TI Social play skill enhancement of children with autism using peers and siblings as therapists SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID WITHDRAWN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; INITIATIONS; INTERVENTION; SETTINGS; SPECTRUM; SCHOOL; MODEL; HOME AB Peer-mediated approaches represent the largest and most empirically supported type of social intervention for children with autism. In this article, we discuss peer-initiation strategies, the peer-mediated intervention that has been most used to teach typically developing peers or siblings to improve the social play skills of children with autism. Also discussed are additional intervention strategies that have preliminary research support including: integrated play groups, peer buddy systems, and group oriented contingencies. Practical information regarding how to apply peer-initiation strategies and peer buddy systems in the school setting is also provided. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Helping Hands Ctr Special Needs, Worthington, OH 43085 USA. RP Bass, JD (reprint author), Helping Hands Ctr Special Needs, POB 1223, Worthington, OH 43085 USA. EM jenniferdbass@gmail.com CR Baker M. 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Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1002/pits.20261 PG 9 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700008 ER PT J AU Ellis, CR Lutz, RE Schaefer, GB Woods, KE AF Ellis, Cynthia R. Lutz, Richard E. Schaefer, G. Bradley Woods, Kathryn E. TI Physician collaboration involving students with autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL EXPOSURE; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; PEDIATRICIANS ROLE; UNITED-KINGDOM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; RISPERIDONE; MANAGEMENT; FEATURES AB Each year, an increasing number of children and adolescents are diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASDs involve impairment to an individual's social, language, and behavioral functioning. Due to the complexity of this disorder, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment and treatment approach is recommended in order to meet the unique needs of these individuals. This article discusses the role of the medical team in this interdisciplinary process and provides a review of the biomedical issues encountered by this population, including associated medical conditions and medically based treatment options. A case example is also described demonstrating the collaborative treatment approach that is recommended when working with individuals with ASDs. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Ellis, CR (reprint author), 985380 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM cellis@unmc.edu CR *AM AC PED COMM CH, 2003, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Amir RE, 1999, NAT GENET, V23, P185 Andrews N, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P584, DOI 10.1542/peds.2003-1177-L Black C, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P419, DOI 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 Bodfish JW, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P318, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20045 Bryson SE, 2003, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V48, P506 Butter EM, 2003, PEDIATR ANN, V32, P677 Sandler AD, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107 Sandler AD, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1221 Drotar D, 2004, HANDBOOK OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY IN SCHOOL SETTINGS, P21 DUMONTMATHIEU T, 2005, MENTAL RETRDATION DE, V11, P254 Elder JH, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P413, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0079-0 Ellis CR, 1999, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V5, P335, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1999)5:4<335::AID-MRDD11>3.0.CO;2-2 *EXP CONS PAN MENT, 2000, AM J MENT RET, V105, P159 Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Filipek PA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P439, DOI 10.1023/A:1021943802493 Folstein SE, 2001, NAT REV GENET, V2, P943, DOI 10.1038/35103559 Handen BL, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P245, DOI 10.1023/A:1005548619694 Heron J, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P577, DOI 10.1542/peds.2003-1176-L Horvath K, 1998, J Assoc Acad Minor Phys, V9, P9 Horvath K, 2002, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V14, P583, DOI 10.1097/01.MOP.0000030221.71203.46 Kerrell H, 2001, Nurs Stand, V15, P33 Kientz MA, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P530 Klin A., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P94 Landa R, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P629, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x Levy SE, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P131, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20062 Levy SE, 2003, PEDIATR ANN, V32, P685 Lord C, 2006, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V63, P694, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694 McDougle CJ, 2000, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V9, P201 Nickel RE, 1996, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V8, P29 Nordin V, 1996, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V38, P297 Owley Thomas, 2002, CNS Spectr, V7, P663 Parker SK, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P793, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-0434 PIVEN J, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V32, P158 POTENZA MN, 1997, MEDSCAPE PSYCHIAT ME, V2 Power T., 2003, PROMOTING CHILDRENS Reiss S., 1998, PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICAT Mccracken JT, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1361 McCracken JT, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P314, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa013171 *RETT SYNDR DIAGN, 1988, DIAGN CRIT RETT SYND, V23, P425 Ringman JM, 2000, J CHILD NEUROL, V15, P394, DOI 10.1177/088307380001500608 Robinson PD, 2001, AM J MED GENET, V100, P30, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1187 ROSSI PG, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P169, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00019-8 Sandler AD, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P598 SCAHILL L, 2004, PEER VIEW REV ASD CU, P10 SCHAEFER GB, 2005, P AM COLL MED GEN 36 SHAW W, 1995, CLIN CHEM, V41, P1094 SHLIENBERGER S, 1984, SCH PSYCHOL REV, V13, P211 Smith T, 2000, BEHAV INTERVENT, V15, P83, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(200004/06)15:2<83::AID-BIN47>3.0.CO;2-W Swedo SE, 1998, AM J PSYCHIAT, V155, P264 SZATMARI P, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P1264, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199311000-00022 Towbin KE, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P23, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00049-4 Trevena L, 2003, PATIENT EDUC COUNS, V50, P265, DOI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00047-8 Tuchman R, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P135, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20026 Volkmar Fred, 1999, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, V38, p32S VOLKMAR FR, 1990, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V29, P127, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0033-3085 J9 PSYCHOL SCHOOLS JI Psychol. Schools PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1002/pits.20262 PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 200RY UT WOS:000248781700009 ER PT J AU Schneider, T Ziolkowska, B Gieryk, A Tyminska, A Przewlocki, R AF Schneider, Tomasz Ziolkowska, Barbara Gieryk, Agnieszka Tyminska, Anna Przewlocki, Ryszard TI Prenatal exposure to valproic acid disturbs the enkephalinergic system functioning, basal hedonic tone, and emotional responses in an animal model of autism SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal model; autism; enkephalins; opioids; valproic acid ID PROENKEPHALIN MESSENGER-RNA; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; CONDITIONED PLACE AVERSION; STRESS-INDUCED ANXIETY; ONE-TRIAL TEST; BRAIN-STEM; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS; RECEPTOR ACTIVATION AB Rationale It has been suggested that behavioral aberrations observed in autism could be the result of dysfunction of the neuroregulatory role performed by the endogenous opioid peptides. Many of those aberrations have been recently modeled in rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on the 12th day of gestation (VPA rats). Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate functioning of the enkephalinergic system, one of the endogenous opioid peptide systems strongly involved in emotional responses, in VPA rats using both biochemical and behavioral methods. Materials and methods In situ hybridization was used to measure proenkephalin mRNA expression in adult VPA rats' central nucleus of the amygdala, the dorsal striatum, and the nucleus accumbens. Additional groups of animals were examined in a conditioned place aversion to naloxone, the elevated plus maze, and object recognition tests to assess their basal hedonic tone, anxiety, learning and memory, respectively. Results Prenatal exposure to VPA decreased proenkephalin mRNA expression in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens but not in the central nucleus of the amygdala. It also increased anxiety and attenuated conditioned place aversion to naloxone but had no impact on learning and memory. Conclusions The present results suggest that prenatal exposure to VPA may lead to the decreased activity of the striatal enkephalinergic system and in consequence to increased anxiety and disregulated basal hedonic tone observed in VPA rats. Presented results are discussed in light of interactions between enkephalinergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic systems in the striatum and mesolimbic areas of the brain. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Pharmacol, Dept Mol Neuropharmacol, PL-31343 Krakow, Poland. Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat P049, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Przewlocki, R (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Pharmacol, Dept Mol Neuropharmacol, 12 Smetna St, PL-31343 Krakow, Poland. 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TI The encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders SO REFERENCE & USER SERVICES QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sinn, RN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Sinn, Robin/B-6110-2008 OI Sinn, Robin/0000-0001-7609-9594 CR TURKINGTON CA, 2007, ENCY AUTISM SPECTRUM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 1094-9054 J9 REF USER SERV Q JI Ref. User Serv. Q. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 220II UT WOS:000250150000026 ER PT J AU Bock, MA AF Bock, Marjorie A. TI A social-behavioral learning strategy intervention for a child with Asperger syndrome - Brief report SO REMEDIAL AND SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; AUTISM AB This study examined the effect of a social-behavioral learning strategy intervention (Stop-Observe-Deliberate-Act: SODA) on the social interaction skills of one middle school student with Asperger syndrome (AS). More specifically, the study investigated the effect of SODA training on the ability of one student with AS to participate in cooperative learning activities, play board games, and visit his peers during lunch. A multiple-baseline-across-settings design was used to analyze social behavior without SODA (baseline) and with SODA (intervention) during seventh-grade English, lunch, and activity periods. Maintenance probes occurred twice a month for 2 months following the completion of intervention activities. The participant benefited from the SODA intervention: He presented an increased percentage of time spent learning cooperatively, playing board games, and visiting during lunch when SODA training began. When SODA training was discontinued, he maintained high performance across all study conditions, nearly matching that of a peer without disabilities. Moreover, the participant presented long-term memory of SODA 2 months after maintenance. C1 Associated Coll Cent Kansas, Dept Special Educ, McPherson, KS 67460 USA. RP Bock, MA (reprint author), Associated Coll Cent Kansas, Dept Special Educ, 210 S Main St, McPherson, KS 67460 USA. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1177/07419325070280050101 PG 8 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 214FZ UT WOS:000249722700001 ER PT J AU Caballero, F Fresan, A Palacios, JJ Rodriguez-Verdugo, S AF Caballero, Francisco Fresan, Ana Palacios, Juan Jorge Rodriguez-Verdugo, Soledad TI Minor physical anomalies and schizophrenia SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE schizophrenia; minor physical,anomalies; neurodevelopment ID WALDROP SCALE; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL HYPOTHESIS; NEUROLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CEREBRAL STRUCTURE; GENETIC LIABILITY; RISK-FACTORS; COMPLICATIONS; SIBLINGS; ASSOCIATION AB The neurodevelopment hypothesis in schizophrenia is a theoretic construction that tries to explain, at least partially, the etiopathogeny of this disease. Since Kraepelin's early descriptions it has been suggested that schizophrenia is a disease linked to the Central Nervous System structure, and vast efforts have been made to prove the existence of the biological markers of schizophrenia that include clinically distinguishable features (like dermatoglyphs and neuropsychological tests), electrophysiological, endocrine, immunologic and genetic tests, and neuroimaging studies. The Minor Physical Anomalies (MPAs) are slight anatomical deviations of an individual's external physical features, which imply neither a serious medical consequence nor an aesthetic problem. MPAs could be considered a valid biological marker in the evaluation of schizophrenia if we interpret this disease as a disorder originating in the early months of intrauterine life during the first stages of neurodevelopment. Like dermatoglyphs, the MPAs may be seen as "fossil" signs that reflect the intrauterine environment. They could be useful as an indirect measurement of an alteration of structures related to the Central Nervous System in its embryologic origin, or in nervous structures and non-neuronal epidermic and other superficial tissues derived from ectoderm, especially in skin, eyes and ears, or else with those that belong to embrionary developmental fields adjacent to brain structures, that may induce cranial-facial alterations. This developmental fields theory explains the existence of a relationship between tissues or structures that do not have a common embryologic origin. After embryogenesis, they determine topographic zones of development, and the presence of a defect could affect a single structure (monotopic defect), but those that appear earlier would promote several areas in the body (polytopic field defects). Due to these complex interactions, it is not easy to correlate the intensity of the damage with the moment in which this occurred. A minor malformation could even have been generated in blastogenesis and could therefore be related to associated defects. It is not always a 'benign' abnormality. This observation is important if we consider that several generic syndromes exist that present specific malformations. These are strongly associated with a high risk to develop schizophrenia (around 25 fold), such as the 22q11.2 deletion (velocardio facial syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome and other variations). There has been speculation around a so-called "congenital" schizophrenia subtype on the basis of an association with several clinical features such as gender, age of onset, positive or negative symptoms, brain abnormalities that show up in MRI scans, additional cognitive impairment and a worse evolution and prognosis in which the neurodevelopmental disturbances factor would have a,widespread significance in the etiopathogeny of the disease. The Waldrop's Scale for Minor Physical Anomalies has been the most used tool to measure these abnormalities and has been subject to numerous modifications. Even though it is considered a reliable instrument, with a good internal consistence, numerous limitations in results interpretation have been noted, most of them derived of limited inter-evaluator reliability, lack of consensus about the relative importance of each item and the extensive interracial variability in the presentation of MPAs. In the 1980's, the neurodevelopmental theory emerged as an explanation of the origin of schizophrenia and a number of investigations have been carried out, to measure MPAs and other biologic markers of neurodevelopment (Eke dermatoglyphs). Most studies have shown a greater prevalence of MPAs in schizophrenic patients compared to control groups, as it has been observed in other disorders like mental retardation, autism, attention-deficit disorder and violent behavior in adolescence. Nevertheless, there are only a few consistent data sets that correlate with an increased number of MPAs, and amongst them we can point out a positive correlation with male gender, neuroimaging brain alterations, genetic charge for schizophrenia, more frequent obstetric complications and a more perceptible cognitive impairment. Additionally, other investigations draw attention to a positive correlation with a lower premorbid adjustment, an earlier beginning of the disease, a predominance of negative symptoms and a larger tendency to develop late dyskinesia, although these data show contradictory results. Even though the diverse ethnic groups' phenotypic variants tend to limit the interpretation of each minor physical anomaly, most investigations have found a prevalence of these abnormalities in the cranial-facial area, most of them in ears and mouth, although the peripheral zones are not unaffected. When we consider those studies, we notice that the diversity of data is predominant. We can explain this if we bear in mind that some of the MPAs can be normal phenotypic features in some ethnic groups, or frequent enough to be a normal variant without discriminative meaning. We must also take into account that different scales have been used for the measurements. For this specific problem it has been suggested to use anthropometric scales, similar to those used by cranial-facial surgeons. The variability of the presentation of MPAs and the phenotypic variations compel us to conduct local investigations focused on determining which variants are outstanding or not in any ethnic group in relation to neurodevelopment deviations. We can conclude than MPAs might be a biological marker that can help us to characterize at least a subgroup of clinically recognizable schizophrenic patients, or those that have predisposition to present some clinical features, but it is necessary to develop an objective evaluation tool that ideally would incorporate anthropometric measurements in order to compare these MPAs with the phenotypic variants in each ethnic group. It is necessary to design and carry out genetic studies (first among first and second-degree relatives and afterwards in bigger populations and also comparative studies with the general population) with the aim to distinguish between genetically determined variants and those resulting from environmental factors, as well as establishing the interaction of both types of variants. The existence of a clinically recognizable subtype of. schizophrenia on which we can rely on as an etiopathogeny hypothesis is an appreciable area that is still under discussion and which deserves further investigation efforts. This could have implications on our approach to nosologic, diagnostic and even prognostic features of this heterogeneous disorder. Such investigation could help us to reformulate the schizophrenia notion itself. C1 [Caballero, Francisco] Hosp Salud Mental Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico. Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Subdirecc Invest Clin, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Gen Med Serv, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Jefa Clin Esquizofrenia, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Caballero, F (reprint author), Hosp Salud Mental Villahermosa, Ramon Mendoza S-N Col Jose Maria Pino Suarez Vill, Tabasco, Mexico. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 30 IS 5 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 240QB UT WOS:000251601000003 ER PT J AU Blanchard, R Kolla, NJ Cantor, JM Klassen, PE Dickey, R Kuban, ME Blak, T AF Blanchard, Ray Kolla, Nathan J. Cantor, James M. Klassen, Philip E. Dickey, Robert Kuban, Michael E. Blak, Thomas TI IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source SO SEXUAL ABUSE-A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE child pornography; education; handedness; IQ; laterality; pedophilia; phallometry; sexual abuse; sexual offending; sinistrality ID SEXUAL OFFENDERS; VOLUNTARY CONTROL; HAND PREFERENCE; INCREASED RISK; SCHOOL-AGE; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; AROUSAL; AUTISM AB This study investigated whether the previously observed association of pedophilia with lower IQs is an artifact of heterogeneity in referral source. The subjects were 832 adult male patients referred to a specialty clinic for evaluation of their sexual behavior. The patients' erotic preferences for prepubescent, pubescent, or adult partners were assessed with phallometric testing. Full scale IQ was estimated using six subtests from the WAIS-R. The results showed that the relations between pedophilia and lower IQ, lesser education, and increased rates of non-right-handedness were the same in homogeneous groups referred by lawyers or parole and probation officers as they were in a heterogeneous group referred by a miscellany of other sources. Those results, along with secondary analyses in the study, supported the conclusion that the relation between pedophilia and cognitive function is genuine and not artifactual. The findings were interpreted as evidence for the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental perturbations increase the risk of pedophilia in males. C1 Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth Coll, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Law & Mental Hlth Program, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Blanchard, R (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth Coll, St Site,250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. 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TI Empathy and enduring depersonalization: The role of self-related processes SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; SPEECH RATE; INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; SHARED REPRESENTATIONS; AUTONOMIC RESPONSE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; WOULD FEEL; DISORDER AB Empathy has two key components: affective and cognitive. It relies on "embodied" processes such as the generation, representation and perception of feeling states. People diagnosed with Depersonalization Disorder (DPD) report disturbances in affective experience, such as emotional numbing, alongside aberrations in "body image" such as increased self-focus and feelings of "disembodiment". DPD therefore provides a test bed for the role of such self-related processes in empathy. We tested 16 participants diagnosed with DPD and 48 control volunteers on measures of cognitive and affective empathy. We used self-report measures (EQ; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004), an objective measure of cognitive empathy-the "Eyes" task (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), and a novel task tapping affective empathy, utilizing speech rate as an implicit measure of physiological arousal. We also measured participants' tendency to use mental representations that relate to the self during the affective empathy task. The DPD group showed intact performance on the cognitive empathy task. However, there was a disruption in the physiological component of affective empathy alongside a more pronounced reliance on mental representations of the self. These findings suggest affective empathy to be reliant on intact emotional experience in the observer. In addition, excessive self-focus may be detrimental to an empathic response. 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Neurosci. PD SEP-DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 292 EP 306 DI 10.1080/17470910701391794 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 249RA UT WOS:000252245400009 PM 18633820 ER PT J AU Hobson, RP Lee, A Hobson, JA AF Hobson, R. Peter Lee, Anthony Hobson, Jessica A. TI Only connect? Communication, identification, and autism SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; CHILDREN; IMITATION; SELF; COGNITION; EMOTIONS; EMPATHY; INFANTS AB In this paper, we elaborate a theoretical position and report an empirical study on a specific form of interpersonal engagement: the propensity to identify with the subjective orientation of another person. On the basis of a hypothesis that individuals with autism have a relative lack of this form of intersubjective connectedness (Hobson, 1993, 2002), we predicted that children and adolescents with autism would contrast with matched participants without autism (n = 12 per group) in specific aspects of communication when someone requested them to "Get Pete to do this" and demonstrated actions in Pete's absence. As predicted, on blind ratings of videotapes of participants' communication, those with autism achieved lower scores on four indices of identification that were selected a priori: emotional engagement, sharing experience in joint attention, communication of style, and shifting in communicative role. The two groups were almost completely separate on a composite measure of identification. We consider the implications of these findings for typical and atypical development. C1 [Hobson, R. 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Neurosci. PD SEP-DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 320 EP 335 DI 10.1080/17470910701376852 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 249RA UT WOS:000252245400011 PM 18633821 ER PT J AU Casiday, RE AF Casiday, Rachel Elizabeth TI Children's health and the social theory of risk: Insights from the British measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) controversy SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE UK; vaccination; risk; children's health; decision-making; vulnerability; measles; mumps and rubella (MMR) ID VACCINE-WORRIES; TRUST; PARENTS; COMMUNICATION; IMMUNIZATION; RESISTANCE; AUTISM AB Recent debates in the United Kingdom about the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and its alleged link with autism have centred on contested notions of risk. This paper presents findings from 87 parents' focus group and interview discussions of their decision-making about the vaccine in light of three streams of theoretical literature on risk (cultural theory, risk society, psychometric models of risk perception) and models of vaccination acceptance and resistance. In addition to the risks of infectious disease and autism, parents balanced other risk concerns-both biological and social-in making their decisions. Such decisions, made on behalf of children unable to choose for themselves, and in the midst of contradictory information and uncertainty, symbolised what it means to be a 'good parent'. To cope with uncertainty, parents sought explanations for why some children seem to be more vulnerable to adverse outcomes than others. Debates about children's risks may need special theoretical consideration beyond that offered by the current risk literature. Specific aspects of the MMR debate, namely, selecting between potentially competing risks, making risk judgements on behalf of dependent others, and tensions between private and public good, provide a platform for exploring how social theories of risk might be adapted for children's health controversies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Durham, Stockton On Tees, England. RP Casiday, RE (reprint author), Univ Durham, Stockton On Tees, England. 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PD SEP PY 2007 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/i.socscimed.2007.04.023 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 204XQ UT WOS:000249077700018 PM 17540488 ER EF