FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ekstrom, AB Hakenas-Plate, L Samuelsson, L Tulinius, M Wentz, E AF Ekstrom, Anne-Berit Hakenas-Plate, Louise Samuelsson, Lena Tulinius, Mar Wentz, Elisabet TI Autism spectrum conditons in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A study on 57 individuals with congenital and childhood forms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European-Pediatric-Neurology-Society Congress CY SEP 14-17, 2005 CL Goteborg, SWEDEN SP European Pediat Neurol Soc DE neuropsychiatry; mental retardation; ADI-R; genetics; adolescence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CTG-REPEAT; FOLLOW-UP; DIAGNOSTIC-INTERVIEW; UNTRANSLATED REGION; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an expansion of a CTG triplet repeat in the DMPK gene. The aims of the present study were to classify a cohort of children with DM1, to describe their neuropsychiatric problems and cognitive level, to estimate the size of the CTG expansion, and to correlate the molecular findings with the neuropsychiatric problems. Fifty-seven children and adolescents (26 females; 31 males) with DM1 (CTG repeats > 40) were included in the study. The following instruments were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), 5-15, Griffiths Mental Development Scales, and the Wechsler Scales. Based on age at onset and presenting symptoms, the children were divided into four DM1 groups; severe congenital (n = 19), mild congenital (n = 18), childhood (n = 18), and classical DM1 (n = 2). Forty-nine percent had an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic disorder was the most common diagnosis present in 35% of the subjects. Eighty-six percent of the individuals with DM1 had mental retardation (MR), most of them moderate or severe MR. ASD was significantly correlated with the DM1 form; the more severe the form of DM1, the higher the frequency of ASD. The frequency of ASD increased with increasing CTG repeat expansions. ASD and/or other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette's disorder were found in 54% of the total DM1. group. In conclusion, awareness of ASD comorbidity in DM1. is essential. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular etiology causing neurodevelopmental symptoms such as ASD and MR in DM1. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Ekstrom, Anne-Berit] No Alvsborg Cty Hosp, Dept Pediat, S-46185 Trollhattan, Sweden. [Ekstrom, Anne-Berit; Tulinius, Mar] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Pediat, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hakenas-Plate, Louise] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Clin, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wentz, Elisabet] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wentz, Elisabet] Swedish Inst Hlth Sci, Vardal Inst, Lund, Sweden. [Samuelsson, Lena] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Clin Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ekstrom, AB (reprint author), No Alvsborg Cty Hosp, Dept Pediat, S-46185 Trollhattan, Sweden. 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J. Med. Genet. B PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 147B IS 6 BP 918 EP 926 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30698 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA 346EB UT WOS:000259050100034 PM 18228241 ER PT J AU Kakinuma, H Ozaki, M Sato, H Takahashi, H AF Kakinuma, Hiroaki Ozaki, Mamoru Sato, Hitoshi Takahashi, Hiroaki TI Variation in GABA-A subunit gene copy number in an autistic patient with mosaic 4 p duplication (p12p16) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE 4p duplication; autism; FISH; CABA-A receptor subunit gene ID DISORDER; FAMILY AB Autism has been associated with chromosomal aberrations, including duplications at chromosome 4, and the identification of genetic factors contributing to the etiology of this disease is the focus of much research. Here we report a Japanese girl with mosaic of chromosome 4p duplication, mos 46,XX,dup(4)(p12p16)[54]/46,XX [6], who was diagnosed with autism at 3 years of age. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes covering the region spanning a cluster of the gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) receptor subunit genes in the proximal short arm of chromosome 4 demonstrated total three signals for the GABRG1, GABPLA4, and GABRA2 genes, but only two signals for GABRB1. This suggests that aberrant copy number of the GABA-A receptor subunit genes may contribute to the etiology of autism in this patient. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Kakinuma, Hiroaki; Sato, Hitoshi; Takahashi, Hiroaki] Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. [Kakinuma, Hiroaki; Ozaki, Mamoru] Kanazawa Med Univ, Med Res Inst, Div Human Genet, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. RP Kakinuma, H (reprint author), Kanazawa Med Univ, Dept Pediat, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan. 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J. Med. Genet. B PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 147B IS 6 BP 973 EP 975 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30663 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA 346EB UT WOS:000259050100041 PM 18163449 ER PT J AU Kent, L Gallagher, L Elliott, HR Mowbray, C Chinnery, PF AF Kent, Lindsey Gallagher, Louise Elliott, Hannah R. Mowbray, Catherine Chinnery, Patrick F. TI An investigation of mitochondrial haplogroups in autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE child psychiatry; molecular genetics; autism spectrum disorders ID CARRIER SLC25A12 GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DNA HAPLOGROUPS; CHILDREN; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION; PHENOTYPE; PARENTS; DISEASE AB Family and twin studies provide strong evidence of a major genetic influence in autism, but the underlying gene defects have yet to be characterized. The mothers of boys with autism share autistic traits, raising the possibility of a maternally inherited factor. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is almost exclusively inherited down the maternal line. We therefore explored the possibility that a particular mtDNA lineage contributes to the risk of developing autism. The mtDNA haplogroup was determined in 162 autism probands, and compared to two sets of population controls. Results show no compelling evidence of an association of any mitochondrial haplogroup in autism. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Kent, Lindsey] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Gallagher, Louise] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland. [Elliott, Hannah R.; Mowbray, Catherine; Chinnery, Patrick F.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Mitochondrial Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Elliott, Hannah R.; Mowbray, Catherine; Chinnery, Patrick F.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Inst Human Genet, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Kent, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Bute Med Sch, St Andrews KY16 9TS, Fife, Scotland. EM lsk8@st-andrews.ac.uk FU Wellcome Trust; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation FX This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation. PFC is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science. 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J. Med. Genet. B PD SEP 5 PY 2008 VL 147B IS 6 BP 987 EP 989 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30687 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA 346EB UT WOS:000259050100044 PM 18161860 ER PT J AU Hornig, M Briese, T Buie, T Bauman, ML Lauwers, G Siemetzki, U Hummel, K Rota, PA Bellini, WJ O'Leary, JJ Sheils, O Alden, E Pickering, L Lipkin, WI AF Hornig, Mady Briese, Thomas Buie, Timothy Bauman, Margaret L. Lauwers, Gregory Siemetzki, Ulrike Hummel, Kimberly Rota, Paul A. Bellini, William J. O'Leary, John J. Sheils, Orla Alden, Errol Pickering, Larry Lipkin, W. Ian TI Lack of Association between Measles Virus Vaccine and Autism with Enteropathy: A Case-Control Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; LYMPHOCYTE CYTOKINE PROFILES; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; NO EVIDENCE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; REGRESSIVE AUTISM AB Background: The presence of measles virus (MV) RNA in bowel tissue from children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances was reported in 1998. Subsequent investigations found no associations between MV exposure and ASD but did not test for the presence of MV RNA in bowel or focus on children with ASD and GI disturbances. Failure to replicate the original study design may contribute to continued public concern with respect to the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Methodology/Principal Findings: The objective of this case-control study was to determine whether children with GI disturbances and autism are more likely than children with GI disturbances alone to have MV RNA and/or inflammation in bowel tissues and if autism and/or GI episode onset relate temporally to receipt of MMR. The sample was an age-matched group of US children undergoing clinically-indicated ileocolonoscopy. Ileal and cecal tissues from 25 children with autism and GI disturbances and 13 children with GI disturbances alone (controls) were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for presence of MV RNA in three laboratories blinded to diagnosis, including one wherein the original findings suggesting a link between MV and ASD were reported. The temporal order of onset of GI episodes and autism relative to timing of MMR administration was examined. We found no differences between case and control groups in the presence of MV RNA in ileum and cecum. Results were consistent across the three laboratory sites. GI symptom and autism onset were unrelated to MMR timing. Eighty-eight percent of ASD cases had behavioral regression. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides strong evidence against association of autism with persistent MV RNA in the GI tract or MMR exposure. Autism with GI disturbances is associated with elevated rates of regression in language or other skills and may represent an endophenotype distinct from other ASD. C1 [Hornig, Mady; Briese, Thomas; Siemetzki, Ulrike; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Buie, Timothy] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA USA. [Bauman, Margaret L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Dept Pediat, LADDERS, Boston, MA USA. [Lauwers, Gregory] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. [Hummel, Kimberly; Rota, Paul A.; Bellini, William J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [O'Leary, John J.; Sheils, Orla] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Histopathol, Dublin, Ireland. [Alden, Errol] American Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. [Pickering, Larry] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hornig, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mady.hornig@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu FU CDC [U50 CCU522351]; National Institutes of Health [AI57158, HL083850, NS47537] FX This work was supported by CDC grant U50 CCU522351 to AAP and by National Institutes of Health awards AI57158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin), HL083850, and NS47537. Role of Study Sponsors: Members of the funding organization (AAP) and its sponsor (CDC) participated along with experts in virology and neurovirology, autism pathogenesis, and vaccine design and safety; representatives of the autism advocacy community; and study collaborators in an Oversight Committee that reviewed and agreed to all aspects of study design prior to data collection. The final decision to submit for publication was the responsibility of all study collaborators. 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Bale, Tracy L. TI Sex-specific programming of offspring emotionality after stress early in pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE placenta; neurodevelopment; DNA methylation; prenatal stress; depression; affective disorders ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; TAIL SUSPENSION TEST; FORCED SWIM TEST; PRENATAL STRESS; EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOCUS-CERULEUS; ANIMAL-MODEL; DEPRESSION; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Prenatal stress is associated with an increased vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. To determine the critical time window when fetal antecedents may induce a disease predisposition, we examined behavioral responses in offspring exposed to stress during early, mid, and late gestation. We found that male offspring exposed to stress early in gestation displayed maladaptive behavioral stress responsivity, anhedonia, and an increased sensitivity to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Long-term alterations in central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, as well as increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity, were present in these mice and likely contributed to an elevated stress sensitivity. Changes in CRF and GR gene methylation correlated with altered gene expression, providing important evidence of epigenetic programming during early prenatal stress. In addition, we found the core mechanism underlying male vulnerability may involve sex-specific placenta responsivity, where stress early in pregnancy significantly increased expression of PPAR alpha( peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), IGFBP-1 ( insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1), HIF3 alpha(hypoxia-inducible factor 3a), and GLUT4 ( glucose transporter 4) in male placentas but not females. Examination of placental epigenetic machinery revealed basal sex differences, providing further evidence that sex-specific programming begins very early in pregnancy, and may contribute to the timing and vulnerability of the developing fetus to maternal perturbations. Overall, these results indicate that stress experience early in pregnancy may contribute to male neurodevelopmental disorders through impacts on placental function and fetal development. C1 [Mueller, Bridget R.; Bale, Tracy L.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bale, TL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Biol, 201E,3800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tbale@vet.upenn.edu FU University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation; March of Dimes [5FY03-133]; National Institutes of Health Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience Training Grant [T32 MH-017168] FX This work was supported by the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation and March of Dimes 5FY03-133. B. R. M. was supported by the National Institutes of Health Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience Training Grant T32 MH-017168. We thank K. Carlin and C. Welle for technical support and D. Pankevich for editorial assistance. 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A long-term evaluation was also carried out. It included all massaged children still in daycare after 12 months (n = 34). Results: Children with high scores of behaviour problems, receiving massage and/or extra attention showed significant decrease in aggression scores after 3 months, but after 6 months significantly lowered scores were only found in massage-treated deviant children. Parents of the children receiving massage rated a significant decrease of somatic problems of their children. Staff rated that the massaged children's social problems decreased, compared to the control children. Attention problems tended to decrease, especially at home. A continuous decrease in aggressive behaviour and somatic problems over a 12-month period was observed in the children receiving massage. Conclusion: Daily touching by massage lasting for 5-10 min could be an easy and inexpensive way to decrease aggression among preschool children. 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This dysregulation, mediated by hypomethylation or hypermethylation of CpG sites within gene promoters, leads to overexpression or partial silencing of one or more brain-expressed genes, which in turn results in an unbalanced production of the proteins responsible for brain structure and function. This hypothesis accommodates the predominantly sporadic occurrence (95%), the male excess (4:1), and the usual absence of malformations or other syndromic manifestations in ASDs. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Jones, Julie R.; Skinner, Cindy; Friez, Michael J.; Schwartz, Charles E.; Stevenson, Roger E.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC USA. RP Stevenson, RE (reprint author), Greenwood Genet Ctr, 101 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC USA. 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A PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 17 BP 2213 EP 2220 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32396 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 347GP UT WOS:000259128900004 PM 18698615 ER PT J AU Croen, LA Matevia, M Yoshida, CK Grether, JK AF Croen, Lisa A. Matevia, Marilyn Yoshida, Cathleen K. Grether, Judith K. TI Maternal Rh D status, anti-D immune globulin exposure during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; perinatal risk factors; RhoGam; thimerosal ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL; METHYLMERCURY; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; CHILDREN; OUTCOMES AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the association between maternal Rh D status, prenatal exposure to anti-D immune globulin, and the risk of autism in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study among children born from 1995 to 1999 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals. Cases (n = 400) were children with an autism diagnosis; controls (n = 410) were children without autism, randomly sampled and frequency matched to cases on sex, birth year, and birth hospital. Maternal Rh D status and anti-D immune globulin exposure were ascertained from prenatal medical records. RESULTS: No case-control differences were observed for maternal Rh negative status (11.5% vs 10.0%, P =.5) or prenatal anti-D immune globulin exposure (10.0% vs. 9.3%, P =.7). Risk of autism remained unassociated with maternal Rh status or prenatal exposure to anti-D immune globulins after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION: These data support previous findings that prenatal exposure to thimerosal-containing anti-D immune globulins does not increase the risk of autism. C1 [Croen, Lisa A.; Matevia, Marilyn; Yoshida, Cathleen K.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA USA. RP Croen, LA (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM lisa.a.croen@kp.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, TASK FORC DSM 4 DIAG American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th [Anonymous], 2006, OBSTET GYNECOL, V108, P457 Socol ML, 1999, INT J GYNECOL OBSTET, V66, P63 Ball LK, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1147, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1147 Bernard S, 2004, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V291, P180, DOI 10.1001/jama.291.2.180-b Blaxill MF, 2004, MED HYPOTHESES, V62, P788, DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.11.033 Croen LA, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V115, pE135, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1870 Croen LA, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P151, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.2.151 Davidson PW, 1998, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V280, P701, DOI 10.1001/jama.280.8.701 *FDA CTR BIOL EV R, THIM MERC PLASM DER Fombonne E, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, pS4, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001162 Fombonne E, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE139, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-2993 Geier DA, 2007, J MATERN-FETAL NEO M, V20, P385, DOI 10.1080/14767050701228057 Grandjean P, 1997, NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL, V19, P417, DOI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00097-4 Holmes AS, 2003, INT J TOXICOL, V22, P277, DOI 10.1080/10915810390220054 Hviid A, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P1763, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.13.1763 Juul-Dam N, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, part. no., DOI 10.1542/peds.107.4.e63 KRIEGER N, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P703, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.82.5.703 Lawler CP, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P292, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20043 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Madsen KM, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P604, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.3.604 MASONBROTHERS A, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V86, P514 Mercer L, 2006, J Genet Couns, V15, P41, DOI 10.1007/s10897-005-9002-7 Miles JH, 2007, AM J MED GENET A, V143A, P1397, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31846 *PRACT MAN INF COR, 1999, INT CLASS DIS CLIN M Rosen NJ, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V119, pE61, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-1788 Schechter R, 2008, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V65, P19, DOI 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.1 Thompson WW, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V357, P1281, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa071434 Veenstra-VanderWeele J, 2004, ANNU REV GENOM HUM G, V5, P379, DOI 10.1146/annurev.genom5.061903.180050 Zandi PP, 2006, AM J MED GENET B, V141B, P643, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30391 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 199 IS 3 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.044 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 344VM UT WOS:000258955400006 ER PT J AU DeFranco, E Gross, G Shanks, A Johnson, T Shen, T AF DeFranco, Emily Gross, Gilad Shanks, Anthony Johnson, Traci Shen, Tammy TI Prenatal exposure to anti-D immune globulin and autism risk: Croen et al SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gross, Gilad] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT *CDCP, AUT INF CTR FREQ ASK Fombonne E, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, pS4, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001162 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 199 IS 3 BP 322 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.07.025 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 344VM UT WOS:000258955400043 PM 18772000 ER PT J AU DeFranco, E Gross, G Shanks, A Johnson, T Shen, T AF DeFranco, Emily Gross, Gilad Shanks, Anthony Johnson, Traci Shen, Tammy TI Discussion: Prenatal exposure to anti-D immune globulin and autism risk by Croen et al SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gross, Gilad] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. CR *CDCP, AUT INF CTR FREQ ASK Fombonne E, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, pS4, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001162 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 199 IS 3 BP E1 EP E4 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.07.026 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 344VM UT WOS:000258955400047 PM 18771966 ER PT J AU Silva, LMT Ayres, R Schalock, M AF Silva, Louisa M. T. Ayres, Robert Schalock, Mark TI Outcomes of a pilot training program in a qigong massage intervention for young children with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; pediatrics; qigong massage; Qigong Sensory Training; sensory impairment ID EQUIVALENCE; EFFICACY; TESTS AB Sensory impairment is a common and significant feature of children on the autism spectrum. In 2005, a qigong massage intervention based on Chinese medicine and delivered by a doctor of Chinese medicine was shown to improve sensory impairment and adaptive behavior in a small controlled study of young children with autism. In 2006, the Qigong Sensory Training (QST) program was developed to train early intervention professionals to provide the QST intervention. This article describes the preliminary evaluation of the QST program as piloted with 15 professionals and 26 children and outcomes testing using standardized tests of sensory impairment and adaptive behavior. Results of outcomes comparing delivery by QST-trained therapists with delivery by a doctor of Chinese medicine showed that both groups improved and that there was no difference in outcome between the two groups. The intervention and training program are described, and implications for future research are discussed. C1 [Ayres, Robert; Schalock, Mark] Western Oregon Univ, Teaching Res Inst, Monmouth, OR USA. RP Silva, LMT (reprint author), Western Oregon Univ, Teaching Res Inst, POB 688, Salem, OR 97308 USA. EM lmtsilvaqigong@comcast.net CR ARICK JR, 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P74 BARANEK G, 1997, AM J OCCUPATIONAL TH, V5, P91 BARANEK GT, 1999, 1 WORKSH COMM ED INT Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 BIELLA GM, 2000, NEUROIMAGE, V14, P60 Carvill S, 2001, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V45, P467, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00366.x CHEMGNAN S, 1990, CHINESE MASSAGE THER Cribbie RA, 2004, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V60, P1, DOI 10.1002/jclp.10217 Dawson G, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P415, DOI 10.1023/A:1005547422749 Dawson G., 1989, AUTISM NATURE DIAGNO, P49 Dunn W, 2006, SENSORY PROFILE S Dunn W, 1999, SENSORY PROFILE USER Eaves RC, 2006, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V43, P129, DOI 10.1002/pits.20122 Frost L. A., 1994, PECS PICTURE EXCHANG Kaptchuk TJ, 2002, ANN INTERN MED, V136, P374 KRUG D, 1980, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V2, P221 Krug DA, 1993, AUTISM SCREENING INS LORD C, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00269.x Mecklin C. 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TI You can know me now if you listen: Sensory, motor, and communication issues in a nonverbal person with autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism; communication; effectiveness; movement; sensory processing ID PROCESSING DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; INTEGRATION AB This case report describes an intensive approach to treating autism and provides an intersection between a first-person narrative paired with intervention and outcomes. In-depth conversations between a person with autism and an occupational therapist provide insight into understanding differences and difficulties in sensory processing and regulation, praxis, and communication. Individuals with autism may be intellectually and emotionally intact but hampered by deficits that interfere with the ability to move the body efficiently. These sensorimotor deficits underlie the ability to communicate with others and to develop relationships. This article illustrates the benefits of an intensive therapeutic program designed to address sensory and motor differences underlying communication, as well as the vital role the occupational therapist plays in addressing these underlying differences to improve functional communication and social participation. C1 [Shoener, Rachel Freret] TALK Inst & Sch, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Kinnealey, Moya] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Koenig, Kristie P.] New York Univ Steinhardt, Dept Occupat Therapy, New York, NY USA. RP Shoener, RF (reprint author), TALK Inst & Sch, 395H Bishop Hollow Rd, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM rach530@gmail.com CR Ahn RR, 2004, AM J OCCUP THER, V58, P287 *AM OCC THER ASS, 2003, AM J OCCUPATIONAL TH, V57, P652 American Occupational Therapy Association, 2002, AM J OCCUPATIONAL TH, V56, P609 Ayres A. J., 2004, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION BEERY KE, 2004, ADM SCORING REACHING Blanche E. 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J., 2004, SI FOCUS SUM, P6 Miller LJ, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P135 Mostofsky SH, 2006, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V12, P314, DOI 10.1017/S1355617706060437 MUKHOPADHYAY S, 2007, LEARNING RPM RPM OVE ONeill M, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P283, DOI 10.1023/A:1025850431170 Parham LD, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P216 ROSSETTI Z, 2002, COMMUNICATOR NEWSLET Rubin S, 2001, DISABIL SOC, V16, P415 STILLMAN W, 2003, DEMYSTIFYING AUTISTI Teitelbaum P, 2002, J DEV LEARNING DISOR, V6, P15 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 348ZK UT WOS:000259248400007 PM 18826015 ER PT J AU Hilton, CL Crouch, MC Israel, H AF Hilton, Claudia List Crouch, Mary Catherine Israel, Heidi TI Out-of-school participation patterns in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism; interpersonal relations; leisure activities; pediatrics; socialization ID RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; GENERAL-POPULATION; MOTOR IMPAIRMENT; TRAITS; ADOLESCENTS; VALIDATION AB PURPOSE. This study examined differences in out-of-school activity participation between typically developing children and those with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD). METHOD. Children with HFASD, ages 6 to 12 (N = 52), and a control group (N = 53) were assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and the Social Responsiveness Scale. RESULTS. Significant differences were seen in participation between typical and HFASD groups in number of activities in which children participate, the numbers of individuals with whom they participate, and the variety of environments in which they participate. CONCLUSIONS. These findings indicate that out-of-school participation is significantly different for children with HFASD than for typically developing peers. Findings suggest that social impairment is related to some aspects of participation and that addressing social skills in intervention could contribute to increased participation in out-of-school activities by children with HFASD, which would contribute to their long-term mental and physical health. C1 [Crouch, Mary Catherine] Barnes Jewish Hosp, Occupat Therapy Dept, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Israel, Heidi] St Louis Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM hiltonc@psychiatry.wustl.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Church C., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P12, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500102 Constantino JN, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P655, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.014 Constantino JN, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P719, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00266.x Constantino JN, 2003, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V42, P458, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000046811.95464.21 Constantino JN, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P427, DOI 10.1023/A:1025014929212 Constantino JN, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P294, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.294 Constantino JN, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P2043, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.2043 Constantino JN, 2000, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V21, P2 Constantino JN, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P524, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524 Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES GHAZIUDDIN M, 1994, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V38, P519 Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P43, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00065.x GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 Gillberg C, 2000, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V102, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x Green D, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P655, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00054 Hilton C, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P339, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.003 King G, 2004, CHILDRENS ASSESSMENT King GA, 2007, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V33, P28, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00613.x KIRSHNER B, 1985, J CHRON DIS, V38, P27, DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(85)90005-0 KLIN A, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1127, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01361.x Koning C, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P23, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001003 Larson RW, 1999, PSYCHOL BULL, V125, P701, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.125.6.701 Larson RW, 2000, AM PSYCHOL, V55, P170, DOI 10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.170 Law M, 2004, SCAND J OCCUP THER, V11, P156, DOI 10.1080/11038120410020755 Law M., 2000, TODAYS KIDS MOTION, V1, P10 Law M, 1998, CANADIAN J OCCUPATIO, V65, P81 Law M, 2006, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V48, P337, DOI 10.1017/S0012162206000740 Law M., 1996, CANADIAN J OCCUPATIO, V63, P9, DOI 10.1177/000841749906600304 Lawlor MC, 2003, AM J OCCUP THER, V57, P424 MANJIVIONA J, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P23, DOI 10.1007/BF02178165 Miyahara M, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P595, DOI 10.1023/A:1025834211548 Orsmond GI, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P245, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029547.96610.df Portney LG., 2000, FDN CLIN RES APPL PR SIEGEL DJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P398 TINSLEY HEA, 1995, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V42, P123, DOI 10.1037//0022-0167.42.2.123 Wilcock A., 1993, J OCCUPATIONAL SCI, V1, P17, DOI DOI 10.1080/14427591.1993.9686375 World Health Organisation, 2001, INT CLASS FUNCT DIS NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 554 EP 563 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 348ZK UT WOS:000259248400008 PM 18826016 ER PT J AU Ashburner, J Ziviani, J Rodger, S AF Ashburner, Jill Ziviani, Jenny Rodger, Sylvia TI Sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Federation of Occupational Therapists Congress CY JUL 25-28, 2006 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Greek Natl Scholarship Fdn, 2nd Div, Overseas Scholarships Sect DE pediatrics; pervasive development disorders; school; sensory ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; DEFICITS; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION; CEREBELLAR AB OBJECTIVE. We explored the associations between sensory processing and classroom emotional, behavioral, and educational outcomes of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD. Twenty-eight children with ASD (with average-range 10) were compared with 51 age- and gender-matched typically developing peers on sensory processing and educational outcomes. RESULTS. For children with ASD, the Short Sensory Profile scores Underresponsive/Seeks Sensation and Auditory Filtering explained 47% of the variance in academic performance, yet estimated intelligence was not a significant predictor of academic performance. Significant negative correlations were found between (1) auditory filtering and inattention to cognitive tasks, (2) tactile hypersensitivity and hyperactivity and inattention, and (3) movement sensitivity and oppositional behavior. CONCLUSION. A pattern of auditory filtering difficulties, sensory underresponsiveness, and sensory seeking was associated with academic underachievement in the children with ASD. Children who have difficulty processing verbal instructions in noisy environments and who often focus on sensory-seeking behaviors appear more likely to underachieve academically. C1 [Ashburner, Jill] Autism Queensland, Sunnybank, Qld 4109, Australia. [Ziviani, Jenny; Rodger, Sylvia] Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Div Occupat Therapy, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Ashburner, J (reprint author), Autism Queensland, POB 354, Sunnybank, Qld 4109, Australia. EM jilla@autismqld.com.au RI Rodger, Sylvia/F-8738-2010; Ziviani, Jenny/C-1708-2010 CR Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE Adamson A, 2006, BRIT J OCCUPATIONAL, V69, P357 Alcantara JI, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00303.x American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anderson J. 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G., 2001, SENSORY INTEGRATION NR 59 TC 46 Z9 48 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 62 IS 5 BP 564 EP 573 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 348ZK UT WOS:000259248400009 PM 18826017 ER PT J AU Hagerman, R AF Hagerman, Randi TI Clinical manual for the treatment of autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR HOLLANDER E, 2007, CLINICAL MANUAL TREA NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 165 IS 9 BP 1210 EP 1211 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08040492 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 344BF UT WOS:000258899500035 ER PT J AU Smith, LE Greenberg, JS Seltzer, MM Hong, J AF Smith, Leann E. Greenberg, Jan S. Seltzer, Marsha Mailick Hong, Jinkuk TI Symptoms and behavior problems of adolescents and adults with autism: Effects of mother-child relationship quality, warmth, and praise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EXPRESSED EMOTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; DOWN-SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; FAMILY AB Using a cross-lagged panel design, we investigated the impact of positive family processes on change in autism symptoms and behaviors. A sample of 149 co-residing mothers and their adolescent or adult child with autism was drawn from a large, longitudinal study. Maternal warmth and praise were measured using coded speech samples in which mothers talked about their son or daughter. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 387 EP 402 DI 10.1352/2008.113:387-402 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 351JQ UT WOS:000259421000006 PM 18702558 ER PT J AU Coben, R AF Coben, Robert TI Assessment guided neurofeedback for ASD: EEG analyses SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE neurofeedback; autism; EEG C1 [Coben, Robert] Long Isl Univ, Massapequa Pk, NY 11762 USA. EM drcoben@thebrainlabs.com NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD SEP PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 351GC UT WOS:000259411600015 ER PT J AU Sokhadze, T Tasman, A Baruth, J Sears, L Mathai, G Casanova, M AF Sokhadze, Tato Tasman, Allan Baruth, Joshua Sears, Lonnie Mathai, Grace Casanova, Manuel TI Dense-array event-related potential study of novelty processing abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE EEG; ERP; autism C1 [Sokhadze, Tato] Univ Louisville, Dept Psychiat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM emsokh01@louisville.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD SEP PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 179 EP 179 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 351GC UT WOS:000259411600025 ER PT J AU Cass, H Gringras, P March, J McKendrick, I O'Hare, AE Owen, L Pollin, C AF Cass, H. Gringras, P. March, J. McKendrick, I. O'Hare, A. E. Owen, L. Pollin, C. TI Absence of urinary opioid peptides in children with autism SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID DISORDERS AB Objective: It has been claimed for a number of years that the urine of children with autism contains exogenously derived opioid peptides. This finding is said to reflect a disturbance in the integrity of the gut epithelium, act as a diagnostic marker for autism and predict treatment response to a diet excluding gluten and casein. The aim of the present study was to determine whether exogenous or endogenous peptides were present in the urine of children with autism or of control children. Design: Case-control study Setting: Cases were recruited from two tertiary referral centres specialising in autistic spectrum disorders, while controls were recruited from mainstream primary and secondary schools in the same geographical area. Participants: 65 boys with autism, mean age 7.4 years (range 5-11) and 158 control boys, mean age 7.8 years (range 4.2-11). Investigations: Urine samples were examined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorbtion ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the presence of a number of putative opioid peptides. Outcomes: There were no significant differences between the HPLC urinary profiles of the children affected by autism and the typically developing controls. In those cases where HPLC showed peaks in the locations at which opioid peptides might be expected to be found, MALDI-TOF established that these peaks did not, in fact, represent opioid peptides. Conclusions: Given the lack of evidence for any opioid peptiduria in children with autism, opioid peptides can neither serve as a biomedical marker for autism nor be employed to predict or monitor response to a casein- and gluten-free diet. C1 [Cass, H.] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Gringras, P.] Evelina Childrens Hosp, London, England. [March, J.; Pollin, C.] Moredun Res Inst, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. [McKendrick, I.] JCMB, Biomathemat & Stat Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [O'Hare, A. E.] Univ Edinburgh, Coll Med & Vet Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Owen, L.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Family & Child Psychol Res Ctr, London EC1V 0HB, England. RP Cass, H (reprint author), Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, England. EM cassh@gosh.nhs.uk RI McKendrick, Iain/J-5687-2013 FU RD Fund; RHSC, Edinburgh; Chief Scientist Office, Edinburgh; Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics FX This research was funded by the R&D Fund, RHSC, Edinburgh and the Chief Scientist Office, Edinburgh. Dr Lucy Owen's post was funded by Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, a UK based diagnostics arm of Johnson and Johnson. 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Bryson, S. E. Garon, N. Roberts, W. Smith, I. M. Szatmari, P. Zwaigenbaum, L. TI Clinical assessment of autism in high-risk 18-month-olds SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism; early identification; infant; siblings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; FOLLOW-UP; AGE; POPULATION AB Earlier intervention improves outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but existing identification tools are at the limits of standardization with 18-month-olds. We assessed potential behavioural markers of ASD at 18 months in a high-risk cohort of infant siblings of children with ASD. Prospective data were collected using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) on 155 infant siblings and 73 low-risk controls at 18 months. 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Goldring, Stacy Thompson, Meagan Rogers, Sally J. TI Atypical object exploration at 12 months of age is associated with autism in a prospective sample SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; diagnosis; early identification; repetitive behavior ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPATIAL ATTENTION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; JOINT ATTENTION; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; INFANTS; COMMUNICATION; QUESTIONNAIRE AB This prospective study examined object exploration behavior in 66 12-month-old infants, of whom nine were subsequently diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Previous investigations differ on when the repetitive behaviors characteristic of autism are first present in early development. A task was developed that afforded specific opportunities for a range of repetitive uses of objects and was coded blind to outcome status. The autism/ASD outcome group displayed significantly more spinning, rotating, and unusual visual exploration of objects than two comparison groups. The average unusual visual exploration score of the autism/ASD group was over four standard deviations above the mean of the group with no concerns at outcome. Repetitive behaviors at 12 months were significantly related to cognitive and symptomatic status at 36 month outcome. These results suggest that repetitive or stereotyped behaviors may be present earlier than initially thought in very young children developing the autism phenotype. C1 [Ozonoff, Sally] Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Macari, Suzanne] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Ozonoff, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Messinger, Daniel S. Newell, Lisa Lambert, Brittany Sheskin, Mark TI Visual disengagement in the infant siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE at risk; autism spectrum disorders; disengagement; early deficits; siblings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; HOME VIDEOTAPES; COMMUNICATION; AGE; RECOGNITION; CAREGIVERS; BEHAVIORS; DEFICITS AB Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are impaired in visually disengaging attention in both social and non-social contexts. These impairments may, in subtler form, also affect the infant siblings of children with ASD (ASD-sibs). We investigated patterns of visual attention (gazing) in 6-month-old ASD-sibs (n = 17) and the siblings of typically developing children (COMP-sibs: n = 17) during the Face-to-Face/Still-Face Protocol (FFSF), in which parents are sequentially responsive, non-responsive, and responsive to their infants. Throughout the protocol, ASD-sibs shifted their gaze to and from their parents' faces less frequently than did COMP-sibs. The mean durations of ASD-sibs' gazes away from their parents' faces were longer than those of COMP-sibs. ASD-sibs and COMP-sibs did not differ in the mean durations of gazes at their parents' faces. In sum, ASD-sibs showed no deficits in visual interest to their parents' faces, but greater interest than COMP-sibs in non-face stimuli. C1 [Ibanez, Lisa V.] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Newell, Lisa] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Messinger, DS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Flipse Bldg Rm 341,5665 Ponce De Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. 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Brosnan-Maddox, Susan Peace, Vickie Newton, Laura TI Validation of the Infant-Toddler Checklist as a broadband screener for autism spectrum disorders from 9 to 24 months of age SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; diagnosis; Infant-Toddler Checklist; screening ID DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; FOLLOW-UP; 2ND YEAR; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; VALIDITY; LIFE AB There is an urgent requirement for the improvement of early detection of ASDs. This article provides a brief review of research on the accuracy of screeners for children with ASD that have been administered to general pediatric samples and then present results of a population-based study with a broadband screener to detect children with communication delays including children with ASD. C1 [Wetherby, Amy M.] Florida State Univ, FIRST WORDS Project, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. RP Wetherby, AM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, FIRST WORDS Project, 625B N Adams St, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. 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Boorstein, Hilary Klin, Ami Babitz, Tammy Chawarska, Katarzyna Volkmar, Fred Green, James Barton, Marianne Fein, Deborah TI Screening for autism in older and younger toddlers with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; early detection; early identification; pediatric screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EARLY RECOGNITION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; FIELD TRIAL; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; REGRESSION AB The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) was used to screen younger (16-23 months) versus older (24-30 months) high- and low-risk toddlers. Refusal rates for follow-up interview showed no group differences, but parents of younger/low-risk children were more likely to refuse evaluation than parents of high-risk children. PPP for an ASD diagnosis was: younger/high-risk 0.79, older/high-risk 0.74, younger/low-risk 0.28, and older/low-risk 0.61, with PPP differing by age within the low-risk group. Most of the children in all groups, however, were diagnosed with a developmental disorder. Symptom severity generally did not differ among groups. Cognitive and adaptive measures showed minimal group differences. Therefore, older and younger toddlers had similar symptomatology and developmental delays; PPP for ASD is better at 24 than 18 months for low-risk children; however, these children are still highly likely to show a developmental disorder. Clinical decision making should balance early identification against the lower specificity of M-CHAT screening for the younger/low-risk group. C1 [Pandey, Juhi; Verbalis, Alyssa; Boorstein, Hilary; Green, James; Barton, Marianne; Fein, Deborah] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Robins, Diana L.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Klin, Ami; Babitz, Tammy; Chawarska, Katarzyna; Volkmar, Fred] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Pandey, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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TI Screening for autism spectrum disorders in primary care settings SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; M-CHAT; screening; toddlers ID 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; AGE; TODDLERS; DIAGNOSIS AB The need for autism-specific screening during pediatric well-child visits has been established. However, additional support for specific screening instruments is needed. The current study used the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the M-CHAT Follow-Up Interview to screen 4797 children during toddler checkups. Of the 4797 cases, 466 screened positive on the M-CHAT; of the 362 who completed the follow-up interview, 61 continued to show risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A total of 41 children have been evaluated; 21 children have been diagnosed with ASD, 17 were classified with non-ASD delays, and three were typically developing. The PPV of M-CHAT plus interview was .57. It is notable that only four of the 21 cases of ASD were flagged by their pediatrician. These findings suggest that the M-CHAT is effective in identifying ASD in primary care settings. Future research will follow this sample longitudinally. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Robins, DL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. 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McMahon, Caitlin R. Henderson, Lynnette M. TI Use of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) for children under 24 months SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; early identification; infant; sensitivity; specificity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; EARLY RECOGNITION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; YOUNGER SIBLINGS AB The study examined the properties of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) for children under 24 months. The STAT provides a standard context for observing social-communicative behavior in play, imitation, and communication. Seventy-one children received the STAT between 12 and 23 months of age and a follow-up diagnostic evaluation after 24 months. All had an older sibling with an autism spectrum diagnosis (n = 59) or had been referred for evaluation for concerns about autism (n = 12). Signal detection analysis resulted in a cut score of 2.75 for this sample, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.95, specificity of 0.73, positive predictive value of 0.56, and negative predictive value of 0.97. False positives were highest for the 12- to 13-month-old age group; STAT screening properties were improved when the sample was limited to children 14 months and older. Implications for using the STAT with children under 24 months are discussed. C1 [Stone, Wendy L.; McMahon, Caitlin R.; Henderson, Lynnette M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Stone, WL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr TRIAD, Peabody Box 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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TI Reaction to diagnosis and parenting styles among mothers of young children with ASDs SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; parenting styles; resolution to diagnosis; parent-child interaction ID MATERNAL SENSITIVITY; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; SPECIFICITY; ATTACHMENT; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIORS; INTERVIEW; LANGUAGE AB When a child is diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) parents often experience a range of difficult feelings, which typically are not addressed in child-focused interventions. This study examined the relationship between a mother's acceptance of and sense of resolution regarding her child's diagnosis of an ASD and maternal interaction style, controlling for child competence, autism symptoms and maternal depression. Participants included 63 children with an ASD between 20 and 50 months of age and their mothers. Mothers who were more emotionally resolved were rated as higher in Cognitive Engagement and Supportive Engagement in play interactions, reflecting greater verbal and nonverbal scaffolding to enhance the child's play and attention to activities and greater reciprocity and mutual enjoyment. This study highlights the importance of considering a mother's resolution about her child's diagnosis, suggesting that maternal emotions and cognitions associated with the diagnosis may be potential targets for intervention. C1 [Carter, Alice S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Carter, AS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. 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Brain imaging findings take on special importance within behavior analysis when they indicate that dysfunctions in these areas are related to differential effects of our interventions, with some acquiring Substantially typical self-awareness skills and others failing to do so. It appears that those individuals whose brain dysfunctions are limited to these areas, and are not part of more generalized brain abnormalities, are amenable to Substantial acquisition of those most. basic of human skills called self-awareness, whereas individuals with more generalized brain dysfunction are not so disposed. Through a combination of less or more effective reaching contingencies during childhood, and degrees of dysfunction of those brain structures, some children grow up kicking self-reflective abilities and self-insight, whereas others are extraordinarily astute at those capacities. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5-6 MA S58 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 342DD UT WOS:000258763900081 ER PT J AU McLellan, AS Wynne, F Ning, Z Ball, M Moore, T AF McLellan, A. S. Wynne, F. Ning, Z. Ball, M. Moore, T. TI Sexual antagonism and autism susceptibility in the imprinted XQ/YQ pseudoautosomal region (PAR2) SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European-Behavioural-Pharmacology-Society Workshop on Behavioural Genertics and Neuropsychiatric Disorders CY AUG 25-27, 2008 CL Cork, IRELAND SP European Behavioural Pharmacol Soc C1 [McLellan, A. S.; Wynne, F.; Ning, Z.; Ball, M.; Moore, T.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Biochem, Biosci Inst, Cork, Ireland. EM t.moore@ucc.ie RI Moore, Tom/B-1471-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8810 J9 BEHAV PHARMACOL JI Behav. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5-6 MA S59 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 342DD UT WOS:000258763900082 ER PT J AU Greene, CM Braet, W Johnson, KA Bellgrove, MA AF Greene, Ciara M. Braet, Wouter Johnson, Katherine A. Bellgrove, Mark A. TI Imaging the genetics of executive function SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE neuroimaging; executive functions; dopamine; genetics ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; VAL(108/158) MET GENOTYPE; RESPONSE-INHIBITION TASK; CARD SORTING TEST; SUSTAINED ATTENTION AB Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have allowed ever more detailed studies of the human brain. The combination of neuroimaging techniques with genetics may provide a more sensitive measure of the influence of genetic variants on cognitive function than behavioural measures alone. Here we present a review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of genetic links to executive functions, focusing on sustained attention, working memory and response inhibition. In addition to studies in the normal population, we also address findings from three clinical populations: schizophrenia, ADHD and autism spectrum disorders. While the findings in the populations studied do not always converge, they all point to the usefulness of neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI as potential endophenotypes for parsing the genetic aetiology of executive function. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Greene, Ciara M.; Braet, Wouter; Johnson, Katherine A.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Coll, Inst Neurosci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Greene, Ciara M.; Johnson, Katherine A.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Bellgrove, Mark A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Bellgrove, Mark A.] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Coll, Inst Neurosci, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM cmgreene@gmail.com RI Braet, Wouter/A-5061-2009 FU Irish Health Research Board, Science Foundation Ireland; Irish Higher Education Authority's Programme FX This work was supported by grants from the Irish Health Research Board, Science Foundation Ireland and the Irish Higher Education Authority's Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions. KAJ is supported by the Health Research Board of Ireland. 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Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.009 PG 13 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 341TU UT WOS:000258738800004 PM 18178303 ER PT J AU Silverman, C AF Silverman, Chloe TI Fieldwork on Another Planet: Social Science Perspectives on the Autism Spectrum SO BIOSOCIETIES LA English DT Review DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Disability; Neurodiversity; Social Science AB The autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental syndromes of communication, behavior and social cognition. Over the past decade, they have received increasing attention from scholars in the social sciences. This research has been motivated by the prospect of critiquing and improving support services and therapies, by self-advocates who have argued that autism should be tolerated as a form of difference rather than treated as a disorder, and by the interest inherent in syndromes that seem to affect many of the attributes that we use to define personhood. In this commentary, I review social science research on the autism spectrum. I identify some key approaches in the work, including the idea of autism as a culture, transcultural comparisons, studies based on treatment strategies, investigations of subjectivity and interpersonal relations, and research on social movements. In the process, I suggest some further directions for this area of research. I also consider some reasons why the autism spectrum disorders are a particularly interesting site for studies of the ways that biomedical information is used to craft individual and group identities. C1 Penn State Univ, STS Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Silverman, C (reprint author), Penn State Univ, STS Program, 201 Old Bot, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 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Polli, Frida E. Joseph, Robert M. Tuch, David S. Hadjikhani, Nouchine Barton, Jason J. S. Manoach, Dara S. TI Response monitoring, repetitive behaviour and anterior cingulate abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO BRAIN LA English DT Review DE autism; anterior cingulate cortex; response monitoring; functional MRI; diffusion tensor imaging ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EMOTIONAL PROCESSING DISORDER; ERROR-RELATED NEGATIVITY; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; CORTICAL SURFACE; ANTISACCADE TASK; ANTI-SACCADES; PRO-SACCADES AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by inflexible and repetitive behaviour. Response monitoring involves evaluating the consequences of behaviour and making adjustments to optimize outcomes. Deficiencies in this function, and abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on which it relies, have been reported as contributing factors to autistic disorders. We investigated whether ACC structure and function during response monitoring were associated with repetitive behaviour in ASD. We compared ACC activation to correct and erroneous antisaccades using rapid presentation event-related functional MRI in 14 control and ten ASD participants. Because response monitoring is the product of coordinated activity in ACC networks, we also examined the microstructural integrity of the white matter (WM) underlying this brain region using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) in 12 control and 12 adult ASD participants. ACC activation and FA were examined in relation to Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ratings of restricted and repetitive behaviour. Relative to controls, ASD participants: (i) made more antisaccade errors and responded more quickly on correct trials; (ii) showed reduced discrimination between error and correct responses in rostral ACC (rACC), which was primarily due to (iii) abnormally increased activation on correct trials and (iv) showed reduced FA in WM underlying ACC. Finally, in ASD (v) increased activation on correct trials and reduced FA in rACC WM were related to higher ratings of repetitive behaviour. These findings demonstrate functional and structural abnormalities of the ACC in ASD that may contribute to repetitive behaviour. rACC activity following errors is thought to reflect affective appraisal of the error. Thus, the hyperactive rACC response to correct trials can be interpreted as a misleading affective signal that something is awry, which may trigger repetitive attempts at correction. Another possible consequence of reduced affective discrimination between error and correct responses is that it might interfere with the reinforcement of responses that optimize outcomes. Furthermore, dysconnection of the ACC, as suggested by reduced FA, to regions involved in behavioural control might impair on-line modulations of response speed to optimize performance (i.e. speed-accuracy trade-off) and increase error likelihood. These findings suggest that in ASD, structural and functional abnormalities of the ACC compromise response monitoring and thereby contribute to behaviour that is rigid and repetitive rather than flexible and responsive to contingencies. Illuminating the mechanisms and clinical significance of abnormal response monitoring in ASD represents a fruitful avenue for further research. C1 [Thakkar, Katharine N.; Polli, Frida E.; Manoach, Dara S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Polli, Frida E.] Suffolk Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Joseph, Robert M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Tuch, David S.; Hadjikhani, Nouchine] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Tuch, David S.; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Manoach, Dara S.] Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Neurol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Barton, Jason J. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Manoach, DS (reprint author), 149 13th St,Room 2608, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM dara@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu RI Hadjikhani, Nouchine/C-2018-2008; Barton, Jason/A-6362-2012; Joseph, Roy/D-8530-2015 OI Hadjikhani, Nouchine/0000-0003-4075-3106; FU National Institute for Mental Health [R01 MH67720]; Mental Illness Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute [DOE DE-FG02-99ER62764]; National Center for Research Resources [P41RR14075]; National Institute for Mental Health NRSA [MH72120] FX The authors wish to thank Mark Vangel for statistical consultation, Robert Levy, Kim Ono, Christopher Sherman and Jeremy Young for help with manuscript preparation, and Matt Cain and Jay Edelman for technical assistance. Some of these data were presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Washington, DC, in November, 2005. This study was supported by National Institute for Mental Health [R01 MH67720 (D. S. M.); MH72120 (F. E. P.)]; Mental Illness Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute (DOE DE-FG02-99ER62764): The National Center for Research Resources (P41RR14075). 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Bullmore, Edward T. Bernard, Frederic A. Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Brain hyper-reactivity to auditory novel targets in children with high-functioning autism SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE autism; novelty; fMRI; auditory; oddball ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; ODDBALL TASK; GENERAL-POPULATION; PARIETAL CORTEX; FRONTAL-CORTEX; ERP; POTENTIALS; P300 AB Although communication and social difficulties in autism have received a great deal of research attention, the other key diagnostic feature, extreme repetitive behaviour and unusual narrow interests, has been addressed less often. Also known as resistance to change this may be related to atypical processing of infrequent, novel stimuli. This can be tested at sensory and neural levels. Our aims were to (i) examine auditory novelty detection and its neural basis in children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and (ii) test for brain activation patterns that correlate quantitatively with number of autistic traits as a test of the dimensional nature of ASC. The present study employed event-related fMRI during a novel auditory detection paradigm. Participants were twelve 10- to 15-year-old children with ASC and a group of 12 age-, IQ- and sex-matched typical controls. The ASC group responded faster to novel target stimuli. Group differences in brain activity mainly involved the right prefrontalpremotor and the left inferior parietal regions, which were more activated in the ASC group than in controls. In both groups, activation of prefrontal regions during target detection was positively correlated with Autism Spectrum Quotient scores measuring the number of autistic traits. These findings suggest that target detection in autism is associated not only with superior behavioural performance (shorter reaction time) but also with activation of a more widespread network of brain regions. This pattern also shows quantitative variation with number of autistic traits, in a continuum that extends to the normal population. This finding may shed light on the neurophysiological process underlying narrow interests and what clinically is called need for sameness. C1 [Gomot, Marie] Univ Tours, CHRU, CHU Bretonneau, INSERM,U930,Ctr Pedopsychiat, F-37044 Tours 9, France. [Gomot, Marie; Belmonte, Matthew K.; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Belmonte, Matthew K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Human Dev, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bullmore, Edward T.; Bernard, Frederic A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Bernard, Frederic A.] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Etude Cognit, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Gomot, M (reprint author), Univ Tours, CHRU, CHU Bretonneau, INSERM,U930,Ctr Pedopsychiat, 2 Bd Tonnelle, F-37044 Tours 9, France. EM m.gomot@chu-tours.fr RI Bernard, Frederic/B-7860-2008; Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283 FU Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale; 'Region Centre' and the 'Fondation d'Entreprise France Telecom'; UK Medical Research Council; The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre FX This study was supported by grants from the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, the 'Region Centre' and the 'Fondation d'Entreprise France Telecom' (M. G.), Cure Autism Now (M. K. B.), Merck Sharp and Dohme Post-doctoral Fellowship award (F. A. B.) and the UK Medical Research Council (S. B.-C., E. T. B.). The Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre is supported by an MRC Cooperative Group grant. The authors thank Jose Alcantara and Matt Davis and most of all the participants and their parents for their contributions to this study. 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This pilot study examined whether patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) would display an empathizing-systemizing psychometric profile similar to that found in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and whether people with AN would score highly on a measure of autistic traits. Method. Self-report measures of empathy, systemizing, and autistic traits were administered to 22 female AN patients and 45 female healthy controls (HC). Results. AN patients and HCs did not differ significantly in their self-reported empathy and systemizing. AN patients scored significantly higher than HCs on the autism-spectrum quotient. Conclusions. Replication of these findings is required with larger samples and more sensitive measures. C1 [Hambrook, David; Tchanturia, Kate; Schmidt, Ulrike; Russell, Tamara; Treasure, Janet] Kings Coll London, Sect Eating Disorders, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Tchanturia, K (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Sect Eating Disorders PO59, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. 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J. Clin. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1348/014466507X272475 PN 3 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 333XC UT WOS:000258185900007 PM 18208640 ER PT J AU Cramer, H Carlin, J AF Cramer, Helen Carlin, Jeanne TI Family-based short breaks (respite) for disabled children: Results from the fourth national survey SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article DE family-based short breaks; respite; disabled children; services ID SERVICES; NEEDS; CARE; PARENTS AB A survey of family-based short breaks for disabled children in the UK was undertaken in order to investigate the state of current services. The research builds on the work of previous surveys and takes the perspective of the service co-ordinators. The findings show that family-based short breaks are rapidly changing and diversifying. The number of schemes with contract carers has gone up and the number of schemes with additional sitting and befriending services has gone down. The reasons for the growth in contract carers are understood better than the reasons for the decline in sitting and befriending. The changing population of disabled children and the increased number of children with complex needs wanting a service are key contributory factors in these trends. The most common profile of children waiting the longest for a service is still teenage boys with autism or 'challenging behaviour'. Some improvements have been observable in the numbers of families and children from ethnic minorities accessing services. The introduction of Care Standards has received a mixed response. The challenge for short breaks is to be flexible and responsive to the local needs of children and families. C1 [Cramer, Helen] Univ Bristol, Acad Unit Primary Care, Dept Community Based Med, Bristol BS8 2AA, Avon, England. RP Cramer, H (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Acad Unit Primary Hlth Care, 25-27 Belgrave Rd, Bristol BS8 2AA, Avon, England. 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J. Soc. Work PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1060 EP 1075 DI 10.1093/bjsw/bcl393 PG 16 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 356OG UT WOS:000259786900003 ER PT J AU Fatemi, SH Reutiman, TJ Folsom, TD Sidwell, RW AF Fatemi, S. Hossein Reutiman, Teri J. Folsom, Timothy D. Sidwell, Robert W. TI The role of cerebellar genes in pathology of autism and schizophrenia SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Review DE Psychiatric; infection; cerebellar; gene ID VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1; CAUSES DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PRENATAL VIRAL-INFECTION; ACID DECARBOXYLASE 65; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; ALTERED EXPRESSION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BIPOLAR-DISORDER; SYNAPTIC PATHOLOGY AB Schizophrenia and autism are neurodevelopmental diseases that have genetic as well as environmental etiologies. Both disorders have been associated with prenatal viral infection. Brain imaging and postmortem studies have found alterations in the structure of the cerebellum as well as changes in gene expression. Our laboratory has developed an animal model using prenatal infection of mice with human influenza virus that has demonstrated changes in behavior, pharmacology, structure, and gene expression in the brains of exposed offspring. In the current communication we describe altered expression of cerebellar genes associated with development of brain disorder in a mouse model for schizophrenia and autism and correlate these changes with those involved in the pathology of these two disorders. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Reutiman, Teri J.; Folsom, Timothy D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sidwell, Robert W.] Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, MMC 392,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM fatem002@umn.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [1R01 HD046589-01A2]; Jonty Foundation; NIH [N01-AI-15435] FX Grant support by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (#1R01 HD046589-01A2) to and Jonty Foundation SHF and from the virology branch NIAID, NIH (N01-AI-15435) to RWS is gratefully acknowledged. 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Kemper, Thomas L. Bauman, Margaret L. Rosene, Douglas L. Blatt, Gene J. TI Cerebellar Purkinje Cells are Reduced in a Subpopulation of Autistic Brains: A Stereological Experiment Using Calbindin-D28k SO CEREBELLUM LA English DT Article DE Purkinje cells; Autism; Calbindin-D28k ID COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; RHESUS-MONKEY; BASIS PONTIS; CEREBROCEREBELLAR SYSTEM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PHENYTOIN THERAPY; COUNTING METHODS; PROJECTIONS; DEGENERATION AB Although a decreased number of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) in the autistic brain has been widely reported with a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods, the more accurate method of cell counting with modern stereology has not yet been employed. An additional possible problem with prior reports is the use of Nissl staining to identify the PCs, as this can miss cells due to staining irregularities. In the present study, PCs were immunostained for calbindin-D28k (CB), as this has been shown to be a more reliable marker for PCs than the Nissl stain, with more than 99% of the PCs immunopositive (Whitney, Kemper, Rosene, Bauman, Blatt, J Neurosci Methods 168:42-47, 2008). Using stereology and CB immunostaining, the density of PCs was determined in serial sections from a consistently defined area of the cerebellar hemisphere in four control and six autistic brains, with the density of PCs then correlated with the clinical severity of autism. Overall, there was no significant difference in the density of PCs between the autistic and control groups. However, three of six autistic brains had PC numbers that fell within the control range, whereas the remaining three autistic brains revealed a reduction compared with the control brains. These data demonstrate that a reduction in cerebellar PCs was not a consistent feature of these autistic brains and that it occurred without discernible correlation between their density and the clinical features or severity of autism. C1 [Whitney, Elizabeth R.; Kemper, Thomas L.; Bauman, Margaret L.; Rosene, Douglas L.; Blatt, Gene J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Bauman, Margaret L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Whitney, ER (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, L-1004,715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. 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RP Skirrow, P (reprint author), Asperger Team, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. CR Paxton K., 2007, COUNSELLING PEOPLE A NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1475-357X J9 CHILD ADOL MENT H-UK JI Child Adolesc. Ment. Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00500_1.x PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA V16FA UT WOS:000207854300009 ER PT J AU Makhoul, S Le Couteur, A AF Makhoul, Samer Le Couteur, Ann TI Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism SO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Makhoul, Samer] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Fleming Nuffield Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Makhoul, S (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. CR Anagnostou E., 2007, CLIN MANUAL TREATMEN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1475-357X J9 CHILD ADOL MENT H-UK JI Child Adolesc. Ment. Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 3 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00500_6.x PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA V16FA UT WOS:000207854300014 ER PT J AU Akhondzadeh, S Tajdar, H Mohammadi, MR Mohammadi, M Nouroozinejad, GH Shabstari, OL Ghelichnia, HA AF Akhondzadeh, Shahin Tajdar, Hamid Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Nouroozinejad, Gholam-Hossein Shabstari, Omid L. Ghelichnia, Hossein-Ali TI A double-blind placebo controlled trial of piracetam added to risperidone in patients with autistic disorder SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE AMPA; autism; glutamate; piracetam ID GLUTAMATE HYPOTHESIS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RATING-SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDREN AB It has been reported that autism is a hypoglutamatergic disorder. Therefore, it was of interest to assess the efficacy of piracetam, a positive modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors in autistic disorder. About 40 children between the ages three and 11 years (inclusive) with a DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism and who were outpatients from a specialty clinic for children were recruited. The children presented with a chief complaint of severely disruptive symptoms related to autistic disorder. Patients were randomly allocated to piracetam + risperidone (Group A) or placebo + risperidone (Group B) for a 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 2 mg/day for children between 10 and 40 kg and 3 mg/day for children weighting above 40 kg. The dose of piracetam was titrated up to 800 mg/day. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of starting medication. The measure of the outcome was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Rating Scale (total score). The ABC-C Rating Scale scores improved with piracetam. The difference between the two protocols was significant as indicated by the effect of group, the between subjects factor (F = 5.85, d.f. = 1, P = 0.02). The changes at the endpoint compared with baseline were: -11.90 +/- 3.79 (mean +/- SD) and -5.15 +/- 3.04 for group A and B respectively. A significant difference was observed on the change in scores in the ABC-C Rating Scale in week 10 compared with baseline in the two groups (t = 6.017, d.f. = 38, P < 0.0001). The results suggest that a combination of atypical antipsychotic medications and a glutamate agent such as piracetam, might have increase synergistic effects in the treatment of autism. C1 [Akhondzadeh, Shahin; Tajdar, Hamid; Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Roozbeh Psychiat Hosp, Psychiat Res Ctr, Tehran 13337, Iran. [Mohammadi, Mohammad] Azad Univ, Fac Med, Tehran, Iran. [Nouroozinejad, Gholam-Hossein] Jondi Shapour Univ Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Ahwaz, Iran. [Shabstari, Omid L.] Avesina Res Inst, Reprod Biol Biotechnol & Infertil Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran. [Ghelichnia, Hossein-Ali] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Neurol, Tehran, Iran. RP Akhondzadeh, S (reprint author), Univ Tehran Med Sci, Roozbeh Psychiat Hosp, Psychiat Res Ctr, S Kargar St, Tehran 13337, Iran. EM s.akhond@neda.net CR Akhondzadeh S, 1998, J CLIN PHARM THER, V23, P243 Akhondzadeh S, 2004, J CLIN PHARM THER, V29, P145, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2004.00546.x AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P485 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ANDERSON LT, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P227, DOI 10.1007/BF02211843 CAMPBELL M, 1988, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V24, P251 Carlsson ML, 1998, J NEURAL TRANSM, V105, P525, DOI 10.1007/s007020050076 CHAKRABARTI S, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P3039 CHOUINARD G, 1980, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V7, P233 COHEN SA, 1993, PHARMACOLOGY, V47, P217, DOI 10.1159/000139100 COPANI A, 1999, J NEUROCHEM, V54, P1199 Goff DC, 1999, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V56, P21, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.21 GOULIAEV AH, 1994, BRAIN RES REV, V19, P180, DOI 10.1016/0165-0173(94)90011-6 Krystal JH, 1999, HARVARD REV PSYCHIAT, V7, P125, DOI 10.1093/hrp/7.3.125 LEVI G, 1987, CHILD HLTH DEV DEV D, V5, P129 Levy SE, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P131, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20062 Lord C, 2001, AM J MED GENET, V105, P36, DOI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<36::AID-AJMG1053>3.0.CO;2-4 Nilsson M, 2001, J NEURAL TRANSM, V108, P1181, DOI 10.1007/s007020170008 Noorbala AA, 1999, J CLIN PHARM THER, V24, P369, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1999.00238.x Pickett J, 2005, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V64, P925, DOI 10.1097/01.jnen.0000186921.42592.6c Polleux F, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P303, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20044 Posey DJ, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P2115, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2115 PURECELL AE, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P1618 REMY SM, 1995, EUR J PHARMACOL, V280, P367 Rutter M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P19 Serajee FJ, 2003, J MED GENET, V40, DOI 10.1136/jmg.40.4.e42 Winblad B, 2005, CNS DRUG REV, V11, P169 *WORLD MED ASS DEC, 2000, ETH PRINC MED RES IN NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-398X J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s10578-007-0084-3 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 312WD UT WOS:000256702200002 PM 17929164 ER PT J AU Meguid, NA Atta, HM Gouda, AS Khalil, RO AF Meguid, Nagwa A. Atta, Hazem M. Gouda, Amr S. Khalil, Rehab O. TI Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of Egyptian children with autism SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE autism; polyunsaturated fatty acids; fish oil; Efalex (R); tandem mass spectrometry ID DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Objective: Estimation of free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in blood and evaluation of behavior of autistic children before and after taking fish oil (Efalex (R))) were performed. Design and methods: 30 autistic children (18 males and 12 females) aged 3-11 years and 30 healthy children as control group were included in this study. Tandem mass spectrometry and CARS were used to estimate the free PUFAs from dried blood spot and to evaluate the autistic behavior respectively. Results: Before taking Efalex (R), linolenic acid showed a significant reduction (71%), followed by docosahexaenoic acid (65%) and arachidonic acid (45%), while linoleic acid was the least affected PUFA (32%). After taking Efalex (R), 66% of autistic children showed clinical and biochemical improvement, linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid showed the highest levels after Efalex,11 supplementation. Conclusion: PUFA supplementation may play an important role in ameliorating the autistic behavior. (C) 2008 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Atta, Hazem M.] Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Unit Biochem & Mol Biol, Cairo 11562, Egypt. [Meguid, Nagwa A.; Khalil, Rehab O.] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Res Children Special Needs, Cairo, Egypt. [Gouda, Amr S.] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Biochem Genet, Cairo, Egypt. RP Atta, HM (reprint author), Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Unit Biochem & Mol Biol, Cairo 11562, Egypt. EM hazemmahmoudatta@yahoo.ie CR AGOSTONI C, 1995, LANCET, V345, P1463 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Amminger GP, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V61, P551, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.007 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Bell JG, 2004, PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS, V71, P201, DOI 10.1016/j.plefa.2004.03.008 BOLTON P, 1995, PSYCHIATR GENET, V5, P51, DOI 10.1097/00041444-199522000-00001 Bu B, 2006, PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS, V74, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.02.001 Cavedon CT, 2005, CLIN CHEM, V51, P745, DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.043646 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Horrobin DF, 1999, PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS, V60, P141, DOI 10.1054/plef.1999.0027 Horrobin DF, 1998, SCHIZOPHR RES, V30, P193, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00151-5 Khan MM, 2002, SCHIZOPHR RES, V58, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00334-6 Lauritzen L, 2001, PROG LIPID RES, V40, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0163-7827(00)00017-5 MICHAEL D, 2001, ISR MED ASSOC J, V3, P188 MOSTAFA GA, 2005, EGYP J CHILD NEUROPS, V2, P179 MURPHY MG, 1990, J NUTR BIOCHEM, V1, P68, DOI 10.1016/0955-2863(90)90052-M Patrick L, 2005, AUTISM ASPERGERS JAN, P36 Schopler E., 1993, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Stevens L, 2000, AM J CLIN NUTR, V71, P327 Talat A., 2008, NATL STUDY AUTISM SA Vancassel S, 2001, PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS, V65, P1, DOI 10.1054/plef.2001.0281 Wolańczyk T, 2001, Psychiatr Pol, V35, P59 Zytkovicz TH, 2001, CLIN CHEM, V47, P1945 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 41 IS 13 BP 1044 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.05.013 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 342WO UT WOS:000258814500004 PM 18582451 ER PT J AU Nowak, C Heinrichs, N AF Nowak, Christoph Heinrichs, Nina TI A comprehensive meta-analysis of triple p-positive parenting program using hierarchical linear modeling: Effectiveness and moderating variables SO CLINICAL CHILD AND FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review DE parenting; review; behavioral family intervention; moderator; child behavior ID BEHAVIORAL FAMILY INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; ONSET CONDUCT PROBLEMS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENTS; METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY; EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; MARITAL ADJUSTMENT; AUTISM-SPECTRUM AB A meta-analysis encompassing all studies evaluating the impact of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on parent and child outcome measures was conducted in an effort to identify variables that moderate the program's effectiveness. Hierarchical linear models (HLM) with three levels of data were employed to analyze effect sizes. The results (N = 55 studies) indicate that Triple P causes positive changes in parenting skills, child problem behavior and parental well-being in the small to moderate range, varying as a function of the intensity of the intervention. The most salient findings of variables moderating the interventions' impact were larger effects found on parent report as compared to observational measures and more improvement associated with more intensive formats and initially more distressed families. Sample characteristics (e.g., child's age, being a boy) and methodological features (e.g., study quality) exhibited different degrees of predictive power. The analysis clearly identified several strengths of the Triple P system, most importantly its ability to effect meaningful improvement in parents and children. Some limitations pertain to the small evidence-base of certain formats of Triple P and the lack of follow-up data beyond 3 years after the intervention. Many of the present findings may be relevant to other evidence-based parenting programs. C1 [Nowak, Christoph] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Psychol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Heinrichs, Nina] Univ Bielefeld, Fac Psychol & Sports Sci, Dept Psychol, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Nowak, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Psychol, Humboldtstr 33, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. 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Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 114 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s10567-008-0033-0 PG 31 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 343DA UT WOS:000258831600002 PM 18509758 ER PT J AU Magnee, MJCM de Gelder, B van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Magnee, Maurice J. C. M. de Gelder, Beatrice van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI A typical processing of fearful face-voice pairs in Pervasive Developmental Disorder: An ERP study SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; facial expression; multisensory processing; voice prosody; EEG ID TIME-COURSE; EMOTION RECOGNITION; BRAIN RESPONSES; VISUAL-CORTEX; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; EXPRESSIONS; BINDING; HUMANS; INFORMATION AB Objective: An important premise for successful social-affective communication is rapid perception of visual and auditory emotional cues, as well as their multisensory integration (MSI). We investigated to what extent a deficit in recognition of emotions in individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) may have its roots in abnormal MSI of emotional cues provided by the sight of a facial expression and an emotional tone of voice. Methods: In twelve high-functioning, adult PDD individuals and thirteen age- and IQ-matched controls, (1) the processing of fearful faces was compared with that of happy faces; (2) MSI was assessed by characterizing the interaction effects of crossmodal presentation, using EEG. Results: Increased PI and N170 amplitudes were seen in response to fearful faces compared with happy faces in both groups. However, PDD individuals differed from healthy controls in NISI of fearful information from visual and auditory cues. Conclusions: Both groups show a similar pattern as concerns the early components of visual emotion processing, but there are anomalies in processing of fearful face-voice combinations in the PDD group. Significance: Because of the importance of rapid MSI for social competence, MSI anomalies in PDD may be linked to the observed deficits in their emotional behavior. (c) 2008 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Magnee, Maurice J. C. M.; van Engeland, Herman; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Magnee, Maurice J. C. M.; de Gelder, Beatrice] Tilburg Univ, Lab Cognit & Affect Neurosci, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. [Kemner, Chantal] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Sect Biol Dev Psychol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [de Gelder, Beatrice] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [de Gelder, Beatrice] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. RP Magnee, MJCM (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, B01-201,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM M.J.C.M.Magnec@umcutrecht.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [402-01-094] FX The work described was supported by an Innovational Research Incentives Grant (VIDI-scheme, 402-01-094) of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to Chantal Kemner. 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Neurophysiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 119 IS 9 BP 2004 EP 2010 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.05.005 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 342QS UT WOS:000258799200011 ER PT J AU Davidoff, J Fonteneau, E Fagot, J AF Davidoff, Jules Fonteneau, Elisabeth Fagot, Joel TI Local and global processing: Observations from a remote culture SO COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Local/global processing; Faces; Navon; Cross-culture ID WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; UPSIDE-DOWN FACES; HEMISPHERIC-SPECIALIZATION; HIERARCHICAL PATTERNS; CHILDRENS ANALYSIS; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; INVERTED FACES; HOMO-SAPIENS; AUTISM; PROSOPAGNOSIA AB In Experiment 1, a normal adult population drawn from a remote culture (Himba) in northern Namibia made similarity matches to [Navon, D. (1977). Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 353-383] hierarchical figures. The Himba showed a local bias stronger than that has been previously observed in any other non-clinical human population. However, in Experiment 2, their recognition of normal or distorted ("Thatcherized") faces did not appear to have been affected by their attention to detail as has been suggested for autistic populations. The data are consistent with a cultural/experiential origin for population differences in local processing and suggest that attention to the local and global properties of stimuli may differ for hierarchical figures and faces. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davidoff, Jules; Fonteneau, Elisabeth] Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Computat & Culture, London SW14 6NW, England. [Fagot, Joel] Mediterranean Inst Cognit Neurosci, CNRS, Marseille, France. [Fagot, Joel] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Marseille, France. 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Evidence from language-mediated eye-movements SO COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Autism; Central coherence; Eye-movements; Language impairment; Semantic processing ID CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPOKEN-LANGUAGE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; CHILDREN; COMPREHENSION; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; INTEGRATION; IMPAIRMENT AB it is widely argued that people with autism have difficulty processing ambiguous linguistic information in context. To investigate this claim, we recorded the eye-movements of 24 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 24 language-matched peers as they monitored spoken sentences for words corresponding to objects on a computer display, Following a target word, participants looked more at a competitor object sharing the same onset than at phonologically unrelated objects. This effect was, however, mediated by the sentence context such that participants looked less at the phonological competitor if it was semantically incongruous with the preceding verb. 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The two-process model exhibits abnormal sleep patterns such as internal desynchronization or sleep fragmentation. Early infants with autism often experience sleep difficulties. Large day-by-day changes are found in the sleep onset and waking times in autistic children. Frequent night waking is a prominent property of their sleep. Further, the sleep duration of autistic children is often fragmented. These sleep patterns in infants with autism are not fully understood yet. In the present study, the sleep patterns in autistic children were reproduced by a modified two-process model using nonlinear analysis. A nap term was introduced into the original two-process model to reproduce the sleep patterns in early infants. The nap term and the time course of Process S are mentioned in the present study. Those parameters led to bifurcation of the sleep-wake cycle in the modified two-process model. In a certain range of these parameter sets, a small external noise was amplified, and an irregular sleep-wake cycle appeared. The short duration of sleep led to another irregular sleep onset or waking. Consequently, an irregular sleep-wake cycle appeared in early infantile autism. C1 [Matsuura, Hirotsune; Tateno, Katsumi; Aou, Shuji] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Brain Sci & Engn, Grad Sch Life Sci & Syst Engn, Wakamatsu Ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8080196, Japan. RP Tateno, K (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Brain Sci & Engn, Grad Sch Life Sci & Syst Engn, Wakamatsu Ku, 2-4 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8080196, Japan. EM tateno@brain.kyutech.ac.jp FU 21th Century COE Program in the Kyushu Institute of Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Kunio Inanuma for support and discussion about his data. This work was supported by the 21th Century COE Program in the Kyushu Institute of Technology entitled "World of brain computing interwoven out of animals and robots". CR AKERSTEDT T, 1981, SLEEP, V4, P159 BEERSMA DGM, 1985, PSYCHIAT RES, V16, P253, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(85)90114-3 Borbély A A, 1982, Hum Neurobiol, V1, P195 Borbély A A, 1982, Hum Neurobiol, V1, P205 BORBELY AA, 1987, PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY, V20, P23, DOI 10.1055/s-2007-1017069 BROUGHTON R, 1992, J SLEEP RES, V1, P93 Daan S, 1984, MATH MODELS CIRCADIA, P129 DAAN S, 1984, AM J PHYSIOL, V246, pR161 Fukuda K, 2004, SLEEP BIOL RHYTHMS, V2, P129, DOI 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2004.00129.x Gaudreau H, 2001, J SLEEP RES, V10, P165, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00252.x HOSHINO Y, 1984, FOLIA PSYCHIAT NEU J, V38, P45 Iglowstein I, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P302, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.2.302 Inanuma K., 1984, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, V25, P205 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L, 1944, J PEDIATR-US, V25, P211, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(44)80156-1 Kleitman N., 1963, SLEEP WAKEFULNESS, P363 Nakao M, 1997, METHOD INFORM MED, V36, P282 ORNITZ EM, 1972, SLEEP MATURING NERVO, P363 RUTTER M, 1978, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V8, P139, DOI 10.1007/BF01537863 RUTTER M, 1968, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V9, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02204.x Takase M, 1998, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V52, P181, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1998.tb01017.x WALDHAUSER F, 1988, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V66, P648 Werth E, 1996, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V271, pR501 World Health Organisation, 1978, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID ZULLEY J, 1985, HUM NEUROBIOL, V4, P123 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4080 J9 COGN NEURODYNAMICS JI Cogn. Neurodynamics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11571-008-9051-3 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 450PJ UT WOS:000266413000005 PM 19003487 ER PT J AU Jones, SR de-Wit, L Fernyhough, C Meins, E AF Jones, Simon R. de-Wit, Lee Fernyhough, Charles Meins, Elizabeth TI A new spin on the Wheel of Fortune: Priming of action-authorship judgements and relation to psychosis-like experiences SO CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE agency; conscious will; delusions of control; forward model; hallucinations; passivity ID SELF-EFFICACY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RELIABILITY; INFORMATION; ASCRIPTION; AWARENESS; SYMPTOMS; IDEATION; ABILITY; AUTISM AB The proposal that there is an illusion of conscious will has been supported by findings that priming of stimulus location in a task requiring judgements of action-authorship can enhance participants' experience of agency. We attempted to replicate findings from the 'Wheel of Fortune' task [Aarts, H., Custers, R., & Wegner, D. M. (2005). On the inference of personal authorship: enhancing experienced agency by priming effect information. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 439-458]. We also examined participants' performance on this task in relation to self-reported passivity experiences and hallucination-proneness. We found a significant effect of priming, with primes being found to increase the experience of agency. An interaction between gender and priming was also found, with priming enhancing feelings of agency in women but not in men. There were no significant correlations between levels of self-reported passivity experiences or hallucination-proneness and participants' susceptibility to the priming effect on ratings of agency. Implications of these findings are discussed with regard to a prominent model of passivity experiences. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Simon R.; de-Wit, Lee; Fernyhough, Charles; Meins, Elizabeth] Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Jones, SR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. 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Cogn. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 576 EP 586 DI 10.1016/j.concog.2007.08.008 PG 11 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 334ZD UT WOS:000258259500003 PM 17949998 ER PT J AU Zaja, RH Rojahn, J AF Zaja, Rebecca H. Rojahn, Johannes TI Facial emotion recognition in intellectual disabilities SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome; emotion recognition; facial processing; intellectual disability; Williams syndrome ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; EXPRESSIONS; CHILDREN; PEOPLE; INDIVIDUALS; MILD AB Purpose of review Interpreting facial emotion is a requisite skill that enables us to navigate our social environment. Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by shortcomings in socio-cognitive abilities in general, and in emotion recognition in particular, and much has been written on this subject. Less research, however, has been conducted on individuals with intellectual disabilities. This review discusses recent emotion recognition research in this population. Recent findings Facial emotion recognition research in individuals with intellectual disabilities can be divided into two broad categories: studies on the causes of emotion recognition deficits (i.e. primary deficits or secondary phenomena) and studies on the effects of emotion recognition deficits (behavioral implications). Recent research on causes has not yet produced definitive conclusions and current research on specific effects has been limited to aggression and self-reported anger. Summary Some evidence exists that individuals with intellectual disability of heterogeneous etiology (excluding autism) have facial affect recognition deficits that cannot be fully accounted for by cognitive-intellectual abilities. In addition, cognitive processing strategies and genetic syndrome-specific differences in facial affect recognition have been discovered but further research is needed. We found no evidence that emotion recognition deficits contribute to the emergence of later antisocial behavior. C1 [Zaja, Rebecca H.; Rojahn, Johannes] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Rojahn, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 10340 Democracy Lane,Ste 202, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. 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The goal of this paper is to address the underlying cognitive processes and their neural underpinnings that constitute empathy within a developmental neuroscience perspective. In addition, we focus on how these processes go awry in developmental disorders marked by impairments in social cognition, such as autism spectrum disorder, and conduct disorder. We argue that empathy involves both bottom-up and top-down information processing, underpinned by specific and interacting neural systems. We discuss data from developmental psychology as well as cognitive neuroscience in support of such a model, and highlight the impact of neural dysfunctions on social cognitive developmental behaviour. Altogether, bridging developmental science and cognitive neuroscience helps approach a more complete understanding of social cognition. 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PD FAL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 SI SI BP 1053 EP 1080 DI 10.1017/S0954579408000503 PG 28 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 373SU UT WOS:000260993800003 PM 18838031 ER PT J AU Pelphrey, KA Carter, EJ AF Pelphrey, Kevin A. Carter, Elizabeth J. TI Charting the typical and atypical development of the social brain SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; BIOLOGICAL-MOTION; JOINT ATTENTION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; HUMAN AMYGDALA; CORTICAL ACTIVATION AB We describe recent progress in our program of research that aims to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify and delineate the brain systems involved in social perception and to chart the development of those systems and their roles as mechanisms supporting the development of social cognition in children, adolescents, and adults with and without autism. This research program was initiated with the intention of further specifying the role of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) region in the network of neuroanatomical structures comprising the social brain. Initially, this work focused on evaluating STS function when typically developing adults were engaged in the visual analysis of other people's actions and intentions. We concluded that that the STS region plays all important role in social perception via its involvement in representing and predicting the actions and social intentions of other people from an analysis of biological-motion cues. These studies of typically developing people a set of core findings and a methodologicalapproach that informed a set of fMRI studies of social perception dysfunction in autism. The work has established that dysfunction in the STS region, as well as reduced connectivity between this region and other social brain structures including the fusiform gyrus and amygdala, play a role in the pathophysiology of social perception derficits in autism. Most recently, this research program has incorporated a developmental perspective in beginning to chart the development of the STS region in children with and without autism. C1 [Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Pelphrey, KA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Baker Hall 342C,5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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PD FAL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1102 DI 10.1017/S0954579408000515 PG 22 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 373SU UT WOS:000260993800004 PM 18838032 ER PT J AU O'Hearn, K Asato, M Ordaz, S Luna, B AF O'Hearn, Kirsten Asato, Miya Ordaz, Sarah Luna, Beatriz TI Neurodevelopment and executive function in autism SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; WHITE-MATTER DEVELOPMENT; SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENTS; DEVELOPMENTAL CEREBELLAR ABNORMALITY; ANTISACCADE TASK-PERFORMANCE; RESONANCE-IMAGING EVIDENCE; HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Autisms is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits, and repititive behavior. Studies investigating the integrity of brain systems in autism suggest a wide range of gray and whited matter abnormalities that are present early in life and change with development. These abnormalities predominantly affect association areas and undermine functional integration. Executive function, which has a protracted developement into adolescence and reflects the integration of complex widely distributed brain function, is also affected in autism. Evidence from studies probing response inhibition and working memory indicate impairments in these core components of executive function, as well as compensatory mechanisms that permit normative function in autism. Studies also demonstrate age-related improvements in executive function from childhood to adolescence in autism, indicating the presence of plasticity and suggesting a prolonged window for effective treatment. Despite developmental gains, mature executive funcitoning is limited in autism, reflecting abnormalities abnormalities in wide-spread brain networks that may lead to impaired processing of complex information across all domains. 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TI The development of emotion-related neural circuitry in health and psychopathology SO DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; FEAR-POTENTIATED STARTLE; TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; INCREASED AMYGDALA; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX AB Disturbances in the detection of response to, and interpretation of emotion are common in many forms of psychopathology, The amygdala, striatum, and structures within the prefrontal cortex and highly involved in mediating these stages of emotion processing, and evidence indicates that these regions show structural and functional alterations in different types of psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. However, we do not know how genes and the environment interact to alter development of these brain regions in ways that give rise to emotion-related psychopathology, This review discusses the current understanding of brain regions that are involved in emotional funcitoning, how they develop, and how they are altered in three forms of psychopathology: anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Following this, a framework is described that may facilitate the integration of investigations of genetic variation and brain function with symptom and diagnostic measures. The framework involves three components: (a) a greater emphasis on simultaneously analyzing multiple levels (genes, brain function, behavior, symptoms, and diagnoses); (b) further integration of developmental considerations, including timing of environmental events, adaptations (or maladaptations). and disorder-related trajectories that guide some children toward atypical experiences; and (c) greater cross-talk between animal and human investigators to take advantage of biological measures that cannot be acquired in humans. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Monk, CS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 2000 E Hall,530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Psychopathol. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1231 EP 1250 DI 10.1017/S095457940800059X PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 373SU UT WOS:000260993800012 PM 18838040 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn TI The prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in the ALSPAC cohort SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CR *CDCP, 2007, MMWR 0209, P56 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Golding J, 2001, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V15, P74 Posserud MB, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01462.x NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 50 IS 9 BP 646 EP 646 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 337NF UT WOS:000258442100004 PM 18754911 ER PT J AU Williams, E Thomas, K Sidebotham, H Emond, A AF Williams, Emma Thomas, Kate Sidebotham, Helen Emond, Alan TI Prevalence and characteristics of autistic spectrum disorders in the ALSPAC cohort SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; TOTAL POPULATION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) within a large representative population sample: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Cases of ASD were identified from the clinical notes of children in the ALSPAC with a suspected developmental disorder and from the Pupil Level Annual Schools Census (PLASC) for England in 2003. Seventy-one cases of ASD diagnosed after a multidisciplinary assessment were identified from health records. There were an additional 15 cases from PLASC data in which ASD was mentioned as a principal difficulty, thus giving a total of 86 children diagnosed by the age of 11 years. Prevalence of ASD per 10 000 population at 11 years was 51.1 for those with a multi-professional diagnosis, and 61.9 if cases from education were included, made up of 21.6 for childhood autism, 10.8 for atypical autism, 16.6 for Asperger syndrome, and 13.0 for unspecified ASD. The male:female ratio was 6.8:1. Median age at diagnosis ranged from 45 months in childhood autism to 116 months in Asperger syndrome. A comorbid developmental disorder was recorded in 33.8% of cases, including learning disability* in 14.7%, epilepsy in 10.3%, and mixed developmental disorder in 4.4%. We conclude that the prevalence of ASD diagnosed at 11 years in a UK representative population-based sample is at least 51.1/10 000. C1 [Williams, Emma; Sidebotham, Helen; Emond, Alan] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol BS6 6JS, Avon, England. [Thomas, Kate] Univ Bristol, ALSPAC, Bristol BS6 6JS, Avon, England. RP Emond, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Hampton House, Bristol BS6 6JS, Avon, England. EM alan.emond@bristol.ac.uk FU University of Bristol; Wellcome Trust [59579] FX We are grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This study was supported by a steering group consisting of the authors and Dr Jon Pollock, Ms Sue Bonnell, Ms Karen Birmingham, and Professor Jean Golding. We thank Andy Boyd and Mike Crawford for their help with data management and linkage, and Debbie Johnson for her help with data extraction from notes. This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust, ( grant 59579). 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A sequential functional model of nonverbal exchange. Psychological Review, 89, 231-249] described as the "dual usage" problem in the study of behaviour. The dual usage problem manifests when the behaviours of interest are used interchangeably with the function served by those behaviours. Similarly, the behaviours or skills that are taken to show joint attention are used interchangeably with the functions served by these behaviours. Scant attention is given to how the behaviours are generated and regulated and how they contribute to development. 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We suggest that a reconceptualization and revised definition of joint attention as a process served by a particular sequence of complementary and well-timed events in the behaviour of mother-child interaction are particularly well-suited to testing joint attention as an early prelingual mechanism and to detecting early problems with psychosocial and adaptive development created by ineffective patterns of social interaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tasker, Susan L.; Schmidt, Louis A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Schmidt, LA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. 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Rieffe, Carolien Terwogt, Mark Meerum Stegge, Hedy TI Emotional competence in children with autism: Diagnostic criteria and empirical evidence SO DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE autism; mental retardation; intelligence; emotion; emotional development; theory of mind; diagnostic assessment; DSM ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FACE-PROCESSING DEFICIT; DOWN-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION AB The diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include emotional impairments. However, scientific evidence for these impairments is varied and subtle. In this contribution, recent empirical studies that examined the emotional competence in children and adolescents with ASD are reviewed. Four aspects of emotional competence that are important to children's daily social functioning (expression, perception, responding, and understanding) are discussed, differentiating between mentally retarded and normally intelligent children and adolescents with and without ASD in natural and structured contexts. On various accounts, the emotional impairments of children with ASD that are found in scientific studies provide a more differentiated view on the impairments suggested by the diagnostic literature. Consistent empirical findings and gaps in the field are discussed. Theoretical and clinical recommendations for assessment procedures are suggested. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Begeer, Sander; Koot, Hans M.; Terwogt, Mark Meerum; Stegge, Hedy] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, Fac Psychol & Educ, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Rieffe, Carolien] Leiden Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Begeer, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, Fac Psychol & Educ, Van der Boechorststr 1, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 324 EP 333 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 335GA UT WOS:000258277600004 ER PT J AU Whalon, K Hanline, MF AF Whalon, Kelly Hanline, Mary Frances TI Effects of a reciprocal questioning intervention on the question generation and responding of children with autism spectrum disorder SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE; COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS; SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; SELF-MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION; ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT; INTEGRATION STRATEGY; BEGINNING READERS; TEACHING-CHILDREN; STUDENTS AB A multiple baseline design across participants was used to investigate the effects of reciprocal questioning strategy instruction delivered in cooperative pairs on the question generation and responding of children with autism spectrum disorder. 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S., 1996, SCORE SKILLS SOCIAL Wahlberg T, 2004, DISCOURSE PROCESS, V38, P119, DOI 10.1207/s15326950dp3801_5 WETHERBY AM, 1986, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V16, P295, DOI 10.1007/BF01531661 Wetherby Amy M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P109 Williams C, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P71, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006001006 NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 367 EP 387 PG 21 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 335GA UT WOS:000258277600008 ER PT J AU Kakooza-Mwesige, A Wachtel, LE Dhossche, DM AF Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina Wachtel, Lee E. Dhossche, Dirk M. TI Catatonia in autism: implications across the life span SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; benzodiazepines; catatonia; classification; electroconvulsive therapy; pervasive developmental disorders; psychosis; treatment ID CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; ELECTROCONVULSIVE-THERAPY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RELAPSE PREVENTION; ECT; CONTINUATION; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENCE; EXPRESSION; LORAZEPAM AB Background There is increasing evidence that catatonia is an important source of impairment in adolescents and adults with autism. Aim Review of the evaluation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of catatonia in autism. Method Presentation and discussion of a case-vignette spanning early childhood to adulthood. Results Autistic and catatonic symptoms overlap, yet catatonia is diagnosable in about one of seven adolescents and young adults with autism. Case-reports suggest that benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are effective treatments in the acute and maintenance phase for people with autism who develop catatonia. Conclusions Catatonia should be assessed in people with autism when there is an obvious and marked deterioration in movement, vocalizations, pattern of activities, self-care, and practical skills. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are favored options for acute and maintenance treatment in these cases. Further studies on the possible biological- genetic overlap between autism and catatonia would be helpful. C1 [Wachtel, Lee E.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kakooza-Mwesige, Angelina] Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Dhossche, Dirk M.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Dhossche, DM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00787-008-0676-x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 356MM UT WOS:000259782300001 PM 18427869 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Dempsey, T Wilkins, J AF Matson, Johnny L. Dempsey, Timothy Wilkins, Jonathan TI Rett syndrome in adults with severe intellectual disability: Exploration of behavioral characteristics SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; adults; behavioral characteristics ID SEVERE RETARDATION MESSIER; MATSON EVALUATION; SOCIAL-SKILLS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; MECP2; EXPRESSION; GENE; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Rett syndrome is a genetically linked form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) accompanied by intellectual disability (ID). The disorder is also characterized by cardiorespiratory dysregulation, disturbance in muscle tone, reduced brain growth and scoliosis. Over 300 studies have been published on the disorder, most of which has focused on identification of causative factors, which appears to be the result of mutations of gene MECP,. Rarely have adults with Rett syndrome been studied, and behavioral characteristics in these individuals are largely unknown. The present study aimed to extend what little is known about behavioral characteristics of Rett syndrome in adults, with particular emphasis on social, communicative, and adaptive behavior. Rett syndrome adults with severe ID were matched to autistic adults with ID and ID only controls. The implications of these data for more fully describing and diagnosing the condition in adults are discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Dempsey, Timothy; Wilkins, Jonathan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, 324 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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TI Comparing Number Lines and Touch Points to Teach Addition Facts to Students With Autism SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; mathematics; computation; elementary AB Three elementary students with autism were taught single-digit addition problem-solving skills using number and touch-point strategies. Prior to the study, all students were unable to correctly calculate single-digit addition problems. An alternating-treatments design was used to compare the acquisition performance of single-digit addition problem-solving skills. The results indicated that the touch-point strategy was more effective in teaching single-digit addition skills. The touch-point strategy was then replicated using the nonpreferred strategy's content, improving all students' addition skills. C1 [Cihak, David F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Theory & Practice Teacher Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cihak, DF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Theory & Practice Teacher Educ, A412 Bailey Educ Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dcihak@utk.edu CR Adams G., 1996, RES DIRECT INSTRUCTI ALPERN G, 1988, DEV PROFILE 2 Baroody AJ, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P72 BROWN F, 2000, INSTRUCTION STUDENTS Bullock J., 1989, TOUCH MATH Burns M., 1996, INSTRUCTOR, V105, P45 Butler FM, 2001, MENT RETARD, V39, P20, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0020:TMTSWM>2.0.CO;2 Copeland SR, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P32, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0032:AIPTSH>2.0.CO;2 ERNEST P, 1985, EDUC STUD MATH, V16, P11 Gilliam J. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1177/1088357608318950 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA V10GA UT WOS:000207451300001 ER PT J AU Goin-Kochel, RP Cohen, R AF Goin-Kochel, Robin P. Cohen, Robert TI Screening Cases Within a Statewide Autism Registry A Comparison of Parental Reports Using DSM-IV-TR Criteria Versus the SCQ SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; research registry; Social Communication Questionnaire; diagnostic AB Parents and caregivers of 70 children enrolled in a university-based, statewide autism registry (M age = 9.5 years) completed two questionnaires, one generated from criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and the other the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), to determine the number of cases likely to have autism. Based on DSM-IV-TR questionnaire (DSM-Q) results, 94.3% met criteria for probable autism. In contrast, 88.6% met criteria for possible autism with the SCQ. The two instruments agreed on 89% of the cases, and the frequencies of cases meeting criteria on each measure were not statistically different (p > .05). Results are discussed in terms of their application to the creation of local autism registries. C1 [Goin-Kochel, Robin P.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cohen, Robert] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychiat, Richmond, VA USA. RP Goin-Kochel, RP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 6621 Fannin St,CC1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kochel@bcm.tmc.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Brooke E, 1974, CURRENT FUTURE USE R COHEN IL, 2005, PERVASIVE DEV DISORD Janosky JE, 2005, FAM PRACT, V22, P358, DOI 10.1093/fampra/cmi053 Jensen OM, 1991, CANC REGISTRATION PR KOZINETZ CA, 1995, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V48, P1069, DOI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00233-G Rabeneck L, 2001, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V54, P1195, DOI 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00397-3 Rice C., 2007, PREVALENCE AUTISM SP Rutter M., 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1177/1088357608316270 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA V10GA UT WOS:000207451300003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, CD Sweeney, DP Lopez-Wagner, MC Hodge, D Nam, CY Botts, BH AF Hoffman, Charles D. Sweeney, Dwight P. Lopez-Wagner, Muriel C. Hodge, Danelle Nam, Cindy Y. Botts, Betsy H. TI Children With Autism Sleep Problems and Mothers' Stress SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; sleep problems; maternal stress AB Parenting a child with autism has been associated with maternal stress. The present investigation examined children's sleep difficulties and severity of autism along with mothers' sleep problems in relation to stress levels reported by mothers (N = 72). Mothers' reports of their children's sleep problems were related to mothers' reports of their own sleep difficulties and to the severity of children's autistic symptoms. Severity of autism was predictive of mothers' stress. After controlling for child age and gender, mothers' sleep, and severity of autism, children's sleep was a significant predictor (p < .001) of maternal stress. Findings suggest including children's sleep problems along with their symptomatic behavior when examining factors that contribute to stress in mothers of children with autism. C1 [Hoffman, Charles D.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Psychol, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. [Nam, Cindy Y.] Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Botts, Betsy H.] Univ W Florida, Special Educ Program, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Hoffman, CD (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Psychol, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. 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Disabil. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1177/1088357608316271 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA V10GA UT WOS:000207451300004 ER PT J AU Bird, EKR Cleave, PL Curia, J Dunleavy, M AF Bird, Elizabeth Kay-Raining Cleave, Patricia L. Curia, Joanne Dunleavy, Michelle TI Parental Talk About Internal States to Their Child With Autism SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; language development; internal state language; parental input; theory of mind AB In this case study, all parental talk directed to a young child with autism at home over a 3-day period was analyzed for internal state (IS) language, which explicitly focuses upon the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of animate beings. The mother and father used IS terms in 33% and 24% of their utterances, respectively, with sensory and desire categories occurring most frequently. Rarely did either parent elaborate on the causes or consequences of the IS terms they used. Comparison of these data to the literature on typically developing children with the same language age suggests similarities in the pattern of IS language input. However, the overall frequency appeared to be lower. Implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Bird, Elizabeth Kay-Raining] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Human Commun Disorders, Halifax, NS B3H 1R2, Canada. RP Bird, EKR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Sch Human Commun Disorders, 5599 Fenwick St, Halifax, NS B3H 1R2, Canada. 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Disabil. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1177/1088357608316272 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA V10GA UT WOS:000207451300007 ER PT J AU Darley, SD AF Darley, Sharon D. TI That's what's different about me! Helping children understand autism spectrum disorders SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review RP Darley, SD (reprint author), Ficquett Elementary, 2207 Williams St, Covington, GA 30014 USA. EM kitdkitd@aol.com CR MCCRAKEN H, 2006, THATS WHATS DIFFEREN NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 188 EP 189 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA V10GA UT WOS:000207451300009 ER PT J AU Gantert, M Hurter, HE van Kooten, IAJ Garnier, Y Mallmann, P Schmitz, C AF Gantert, M. Huerter, H. E. van Kooten, I. A. J. Garnier, Y. Mallmann, P. Schmitz, C. TI Increased number of cerebral granular cells after LSP injection in sheep's fete a possible animal model for autism investigation SO GEBURTSHILFE UND FRAUENHEILKUNDE LA German DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gantert, M.; Huerter, H. E.; Garnier, Y.; Mallmann, P.] Klinikum Univ Koln, Univ Frauenklin Koln, Cologne, Germany. [van Kooten, I. A. J.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Schmitz, C.] Univ Maastricht, Dept Neurosci, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Schmitz, C.] Univ Maastricht, European Grad Sch Neurosci EURON, Maastricht, Netherlands. RI Mallmann, Peter/B-1220-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0016-5751 J9 GEBURTSH FRAUENHEILK JI Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 68 SU 1 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 353OO UT WOS:000259577500017 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JA Scherer, SW AF Buchanan, Janet A. Scherer, Stephen W. TI Contemplating effects of genomic structural variation SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE structural variation; copy number variants; CNV; genome scanning; autism; complex traits ID COPY-NUMBER-VARIATION; CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY; FAMILIAL PARKINSONS-DISEASE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MICRODELETION SYNDROME; SOTOS-SYNDROME; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; LOCUS DUPLICATION; SPORADIC DISEASE AB Two developments have sparked new directions in the genetics-to-genomics transition for research and medical applications: the advance of whole-genome assays by array or DNA sequencing technologies, and the discovery among human genomes of extensive submicroscopic genomic structural variation, including copy number variation. For health care to benefit from interpretation of genomic data, we need to know how these variants contribute to the phenotype of the individual. Research is revealing the spectrum, both in size and complexity, of structural genotypic variation, and its association with a broad range of human phenotypes. Genomic disorders associated with relatively large, recurrent contiguous variants have been recognized for some time, as have certain Mendelian traits associated with functional disruption of single genes by structural variation. More recent examples from phenotype- and genotype-driven studies demonstrate a greater level of complexity, with evidence of incremental dosage effects, gene interaction networks, buffering and modifiers, and position effects. Mechanisms underlying such variation are emerging to provide a handle on the bulk of human variation, which is associated with complex traits and adaptive potential. Interpreting genotypes for personalized health care and communicating knowledge to the individual will be significant challenges for genomics professionals. C1 [Buchanan, Janet A.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Buchanan, Janet A.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, 14th Floor,Toronto Med Discovery Tower MaRS Disco, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. EM steve@genet.sickkids.on.ca RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999 FU Centre for Applied Genomics; Genome Canada/Ontario Genomics Institute; the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR); the Canadian Institutes for Advanced Research; McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine; Canadian Foundation For Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Hospital for Sick Children Foundation FX Supported by The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genome Canada/Ontario Genomics Institute, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Institutes for Advanced Research, the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, the Canadian Foundation For Innovation, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Hospital for Sick Children Foundation.We thank Andrew Carson, Lars Feuk, Jeff MacDonald, Christian Marshall, and Dalila Pinto for theoretical ideas and contributions to the display items. S.W.S. holds the GlaxoSmith Kline/CIHR Chair in Genetics and Genomics at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. 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Rissman, Emilie F. TI Sex chromosome complement affects social interactions in mice SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE affective disorders; autism; depression; anxiety; sexual differentiation; X inactivation; cognition; pain ID SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION; X-CHROMOSOME; Y-CHROMOSOME; MOUSE-BRAIN; PSEUDOAUTOSOMAL REGION; INTERMALE AGGRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE AB Sex differences in behavior can be attributed to differences in steroid hormones. Sex chromosome complement can also influence behavior, independent of gonadal differentiation. The mice used for this work combined a spontaneous mutation of the Sty gene with a transgene for Sty that is incorporated into an autosome thus disassociating gonad differentiation from sex chromosome complement. The resulting genotypes are XX and XY- females (ovary-bearing) along with XXSry and XY(-)Sry males (testes-bearing). Here we report results of basic behavioral phenotyping conducted with these mice. Motor coordination, use of olfactory cues to find a food item, general activity, foot shock threshold, and behavior in an elevated plus maze were not affected by gonadal sex or sex chromosome complement. In a one-way active avoidance learning task females were faster to escape an electric shock than males. In addition, sex chromosome complement differences were noted during social interactions with submissive intruders. Female XY- mice were faster to follow an intruder than XX female mice. All XY- mice spent more time sniffing and grooming the intruder than the XX mice, with XY- females spending the most amount of time in this activity. Finally, XX females were faster to display an asocial behavior, digging, and engaged in more digging than XXSry male mice. All of these behaviors were tested in gonadectomized adults, thus, differences in circulating levels of gonadal steroids cannot account for these effects. Taken together, these data show that sex chromosome complement affects social interaction style in mice. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McPhie-Lalmansingh, Anika A.; Tejada, Lucia D.; Weaver, Jessica L.; Rissman, Emilie F.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Program Neurosci, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Rissman, EF (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Program Neurosci, POB 800733, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM Rissman@virginia.edu FU [T32 DK007646]; [R01 NS55218]; [T32 GM008328] FX The authors would like to thank Aileen Wills for care of the animals and Savera Shetty for genotyping. We thank Dr. Marcia McDuffie for verification of our crosses into C57BL/6j. This work was supported by T32 DK007646, R01 NS55218, and T32 GM008328. 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In this work, we address the problem of how to make the computer-based ASD intervention tools affect-sensitive by designing therapist-like affective models of the children with ASD based on their physiological responses. Two computer-based cognitive tasks are designed to elicit the affective states of liking, anxiety, and engagement that are considered important in autism intervention. A large set of physiological indices are investigated that may correlate with the above affective states of children with ASD. In order to have reliable reference points to link the physiological data to the affective states, the subjective reports of the affective states from a therapist, a parent, and the child himself/herself were collected and analyzed. A support vector machines (SVM)-based affective model yields reliable prediction with approximately 82.9% success when using the therapist's reports. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the affective states of children with ASD have been experimentally detected via physiology-based affect recognition technique. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Changchun; Conn, Karla; Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Stone, Wendy] Vanderbilt Treatment & Res Inst Autism Spectrum D, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Stone, Wendy] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Liu, CC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, VU Stn B 351679,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. 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TI Using social stories to increase positive behaviors for children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; IMPROVE C1 [Spencer, Vicky G.] George Mason Univ, Heller Inst Human Disabil, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Simpson, Cynthia G.; Lynch, Sharon A.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Language Literacy & Special Populat, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. RP Spencer, VG (reprint author), Sam Houston State Univ, Teacher Educ Ctr, 1908 Bobby K Marks Dr, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. EM vspencer@shsu.edu CR Agosta E, 2004, INTERV SCH CLIN, V39, P276, DOI 10.1177/10534512040390050401 BARRY LM, 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P43 Crozier S., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P150, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576050200030301 Crozier S., 2005, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V37, P26 Gray C., 2000, WRITING SOCIAL STORI Gray C. 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L., 1995, FOCUS AUTISTIC BEHAV, V10, P1 Theimann K., 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P425 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1053-4512 J9 INTERV SCH CLIN JI Interv. Sch. Clin. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1177/1053451208318876 PG 4 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 345HS UT WOS:000258987700009 ER PT J AU Nazni, P Wesely, EG Nishadevi, V AF Nazni, Peerkhan Wesely, Edward Gnanaraj Nishadevi, Veerappan TI Impact of casein and gluten free dietary intervention on selected autistic children SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; gluten; casein; opioid peptide; children; dietary intervention ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; BRAIN AB Objective: Autism is a life long developmental disorder that emerges in early childhood and results in significant lifelong disability. The goal of treatment is to promote the child's social and language development and minimize behaviors that interfere with the child's functioning and learning. This study evaluated the impact of casein and gluten free diet among selected autistic children. Methods: Three private special schools in Salem District, Tamilnadu, India were selected. A total number of 50 autistic children 10 from SIMEC, 10 from MMIC and 30 from CSI comprised the study sample. Background information, clinical history and nutritional status, dietary pattern were collected from the 50 selected autistic children. Out of 50 autistic children 30 autistic children were selected for the dietary intervention. Diet counseling regarding casein free diet was imparted to Group I (n=10), gluten free diet to Group 11 (n=10) and both casein and gluten free diet for Group III (n=10). The diet was followed for a period of 2 months. The efficacy of the dietary exclusion of casein and gluten was evaluated using a food and behavior diary on a day to day basis, using observation method. Findings: Results about Group I autistic children who followed dietary exclusion of casein free diet showed that the mean scores before and after casein free dietary intervention depiticted these improvements as, 1 to 1.2 for attention, 2.8 to 2.9 for sleep, 1.1 to 1.3 for hyperactivity, 1.1 to 1.2 for anxiety/compulsion. For Group 11 autistic children who followed dietary exclusion of gluten free diet showed the improvements as 1.1 to 1.4 for attention 2.5 to 3 for sleep, 1.7 to 1.9 for hyperactivity, 1.1 to 1.2 for anxiety/compulsion. About Group III autistic children who followed dietary exclusion of both casein and gluten free diet showed the improvements as 1.1 to 1.3 for attention, 2.5 to 2.7 for sleep, 1.3 to 1.7 for hyperactivity, and 1.1 to 1.2 for anxiety/compulsion. Conclusion:The impact of dietary intervention made using dietary guide books found to be useful to reduce various behavior symptoms among the selected autistic children. C1 [Nazni, Peerkhan; Nishadevi, Veerappan] Periyar Univ, Dept Food Sci, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. [Wesely, Edward Gnanaraj] Muthayammal Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Nazni, P (reprint author), Periyar Univ, Dept Food Sci, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. EM naznip@gmail.com FU Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai FX The authors are immensely thankful to the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, for approving a grant towards the conduct of the study. 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J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 244 EP 250 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 354XL UT WOS:000259673100005 ER PT J AU Volkert, VM Lerman, DC Trosclair, N Addison, L Kodak, T AF Volkert, Valerie M. Lerman, Dorothea C. Trosclair, Nicole Addison, Laura Kodak, Tiffany TI An exploratory analysis of task-interspersal procedures while teaching object labels to children with autism SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; behavioral momentum; high-probability instructional sequence; interspersal procedures; reinforcer potency ID BEHAVIORAL MOMENTUM; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; ACQUISITION; RETENTION; REINFORCEMENT; PERCEPTIONS; PERFORMANCE; ASSIGNMENT; DISORDERS AB Research has demonstrated that interspersing mastered tasks with new tasks facilitates learning under certain conditions; however, little is known about factors that influence the effectiveness of this treatment strategy. The initial purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of similar versus dissimilar interspersed tasks while teaching object labels to children diagnosed with autism or developmental delays. We then conducted a series of exploratory analyses involving the type of reinforcer delivered for correct responses on trials with unknown or known object labels. Performance was enhanced under the interspersal condition only when either brief praise was delivered for all correct responses or presumably more preferred reinforcers were provided for performance on known trials rather than on unknown trials. C1 [Volkert, Valerie M.; Trosclair, Nicole; Addison, Laura; Kodak, Tiffany] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lerman, Dorothea C.] Univ Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Volkert, VM (reprint author), 900 Farnam St,Apt 813, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-335 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 345AU UT WOS:000258969200003 PM 18816973 ER PT J AU Roscoe, EM Carreau, A MacDonald, J Pence, ST AF Roscoe, Eileen M. Carreau, Abbey MacDonald, Jackie Pence, Sacha T. TI Further evaluation of leisure items in the attention condition of functional analyses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism; functional analysis; problem behavior ID MAINTAINED DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; NONCONTINGENT DELIVERY; ALTERNATIVE STIMULI; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; ASSESSMENTS AB Research suggests that including leisure items in the attention condition of a functional analysis may produce engagement that masks sensitivity to attention. In this study, 4 individuals' initial functional analyses indicated that behavior was maintained by nonsocial variables (n = 3) or by attention (n = 1). A preference assessment was used to identify items for subsequent functional analyses. Four conditions were compared, attention with and without leisure items and control with and without leisure items. Following this, either high- or low-preference items were included in the attention condition. Problem behavior was more probable during the attention condition when no leisure items or low-preference items were included, and lower levels of problem behavior were observed during the attention condition when high-preference leisure items were included. These findings suggest how preferred items may hinder detection of behavioral function. C1 [Roscoe, Eileen M.; Carreau, Abbey; MacDonald, Jackie; Pence, Sacha T.] NE Univ, New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Roscoe, EM (reprint author), NE Univ, New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-351 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 345AU UT WOS:000258969200004 PM 18816974 ER PT J AU Taylor, BA Hoch, H AF Taylor, Bridget A. Hoch, Hannah TI Teaching children with autism to respond to and initiate bids for joint attention SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; joint attention; social skills; teaching language ID INTERVENTION; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE; INFANT AB A multiple baseline design across 3 children with autism was used to assess the effects of prompting and social reinforcement to teach participants to respond to an adult's bid for joint attention and to initiate bids for joint attention. Participants were taught to respond to an adult's bid for joint attention by looking in the direction of an object at which the adult pointed, by making a comment about the object, and by looking back at the adult. Additional training and reinforcement were needed to teach the participants to initiate bids for joint attention. Findings are discussed in terms of the social relevance of reaching children with autism to respond to and initiate bids for joint attention. C1 [Taylor, Bridget A.; Hoch, Hannah] Alpine Learning Grp, Paramus, NJ 07652 USA. RP Taylor, BA (reprint author), Alpine Learning Grp, 777 Paramus Rd, Paramus, NJ 07652 USA. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 377 EP 391 DI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-377 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 345AU UT WOS:000258969200006 PM 18816976 ER PT J AU Chan, JM O'Reilly, MF AF Chan, Jeffrey M. O'Reilly, Mark F. TI A Social Stories (TM) intervention package for students with autism in inclusive classroom settings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; inclusion classroom; role play; social skills training; Social Stories ID SOCIAL STORIES; CHILDREN; FEEDBACK; BEHAVIOR AB A Social Stories (TM) intervention package was used to teach 2 Students with autism to read Social Stories, answer comprehension questions, and engage in role plays. Appropriate social behaviors increased and inappropriate behaviors decreased for both participants, and the effects were maintained for up to 10 months. This intervention package appears to be useful in inclusive classroom environments and does not require intensive Supervision of the child's behavior. C1 [Chan, Jeffrey M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Chan, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn,D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jeffchan@mail.utexas.edu CR Delano M, 2006, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V8, P29, DOI 10.1177/10983007060080010501 Digennaro FD, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-447 Fryxell D, 1995, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V20, P259 Gray C., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P219 Gray C. 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TI Some effects of noncontingent positive reinforcement on multiply controlled problem behavior and compliance in a demand context SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; escape behavior; noncontingent reinforcement; problem behavior; reinforcement density ID MAINTAINED DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; SELF-INJURY; ESCAPE; DISABILITIES AB Functional analysis suggested that the problem behavior of an 8-year-old girl with autism was maintained by escape from demands and access to edible items. Noncontingent delivery of an edible item was sufficient to increase compliance and reduce the rate of problem behavior without the use of escape extinction in a demand context. Leaner and richer schedules of noncontingent reinforcement were equally effective, and there were minimal differences between noncontingent reinforcement and differential reinforcement of compliance. C1 [Ingvarsson, Einar T.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Psychol, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Kahng, SungWoo] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kahng, SungWoo; Hausman, Nicole L.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ingvarsson, ET (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Psychol, DeBartolo Hall,1 Univ Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM etingvarsson@ysu.edu RI Kahng, SungWoo/A-9994-2009 CR CAUTELA JR, 1984, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V15, P109, DOI 10.1016/0005-7916(84)90004-1 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 GOH HL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P173, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-173 HAGOPIAN LP, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P317, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-317 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P215, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 Lalli JS, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-285 Piazza CC, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P569, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-569 Vollmer TR, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P269, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-269 Wilder DA, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P549, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.132-04 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-435 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 345AU UT WOS:000258969200013 PM 18816983 ER PT J AU Lang, R O'Reilly, M Machalicek, W Lancioni, G Rispoli, M Chan, JM AF Lang, Russell O'Reilly, Mark Machalicek, Wendy Lancioni, Giulio Rispoli, Mandy Chan, Jeffrey M. TI A preliminary comparison of functional analysis results when conducted in contrived versus natural settings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; contrived settings; functional analysis; natural settings; assessment ID DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AB A preliminary evaluation of the correspondence between functional analysis outcomes across setting; was conducted with 2 children who had been diagnosed with autism and who engaged in challenging behavior. Differences across settings (a therapy room and a classroom) were demonstrated in ABAB reversal designs. Three potential patterns of results that may occur when comparing functional analyses across environments are described, and one possible explanation for the occurrence of discrepancies between environments (differing learning histories within separate environments) is offered. C1 [Lang, Russell] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Lang, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM russlang@mail.utexas.edu CR Bowman LG, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P251, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-251 Carr EG, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P673, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-673 Fisher WW, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P513, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-513 Hanley GP, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 Iwata B A, 1994, J Appl Behav Anal, V27, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-131 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 Ringdahl JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P247, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-247 Tiger J. H., 2006, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V29, P107 Van Camp CM, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P207, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-207 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 41 IS 3 BP 441 EP 445 DI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-441 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 345AU UT WOS:000258969200014 PM 18816984 ER PT J AU Nyden, A Myren, KJ Gillberg, C AF Nyden, Agneta Myren, Karl-Johan Gillberg, Christopher TI Long-Term Psychosocial and Health Economy Consequences of ADHD, Autism, and Reading-Writing Disorder A Prospective Service Evaluation Project SO JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADHD; autism; costs; health economy; psychosocial outcome AB Objective: The study aims to evaluate psychosocial, societal, and family cost consequences of a psychoeducational intervention program. Methods: Sixty boys with ADHD, Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism (AS/HFA), and reading and writing disorder (RD/WD) were allocated to participate in a service evaluation project. Every other boy in each diagnostic group was randomly allocated to receive either (a) a special education program (clinical index group) or (b) follow-up without the special education program (clinical comparison group). Nine years after initial assessments the stability of the psychosocial and economic resource consequences over time was studied. Results: ADHD, AS/HFA, and RD/WD all had severe impact on family life quality. The societal costs were high, but no significant differences in resource use or in total costs were found between the clinical index and the comparison groups. Conclusions: The results underscore the very long-term need for support including individually tailored reevaluations and carefully monitored intervention programs adapted to family needs and severity of child disorder. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 12(2) 141-148) C1 [Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Nyden, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Kungsgatan 12, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM agneta.nyden@vgregion.se FU Eli Lilly, Sweden AB; Swedish Inheritance Fund for Christopher Gillberg FX This study was supported by grants from the Eli Lilly, Sweden AB, Box 721, 169 27 Solna, Sweden. Disclosures: The study was partly funded by grant from the Swedish Inheritance Fund for Christopher Gillberg, and grants for Agneta Nyden and Karl Johan Myren by Eli Lilly, Sweden. Address correspondence to Agneta Nyden, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Goteborg, Kungsgatan 12, 411 19 Goteborg, Sweden; e-mail: agneta.nyden@vgregion.se. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1177/1087054707306116 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA V11GT UT WOS:000207520800004 PM 17968030 ER PT J AU Goldberg, MC Mostow, AJ Vecera, SP Larson, JCG Mostofsky, SH Mahone, EM Denckla, MB AF Goldberg, Melissa C. Mostow, Allison J. Vecera, Shaun P. Larson, Jennifer C. Gidley Mostofsky, Stewart H. Mahone, E. Mark Denckla, Martha B. TI Evidence for impairments in using static line drawings of eye gaze cues to orient visual-spatial attention in children with high functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE eye gaze; high functioning autism; orienting; attention; cueing ID FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SOCIAL ATTENTION; DIRECTION CUES; DEFICITS; SHIFTS; PERCEPTION; INFANTS; ARROW AB We examined the ability to use static line drawings of eye gaze cues to orient visual-spatial attention in children with high functioning autism (HFA) compared to typically developing children (TD). The task was organized such that on valid trials, gaze cues were directed toward the same spatial location as the appearance of an upcoming target, while on invalid trials gaze cues were directed to an opposite location. Unlike TD children, children with HFA showed no advantage in reaction time (RT) on valid trials compared to invalid trials (i.e., no significant validity effect). The two stimulus onset asynchronies (200 ms, 700 ms) did not differentially affect these findings. The results suggest that children with HFA show impairments in utilizing static line drawings of gaze cues to orient visual-spatial attention. C1 [Goldberg, Melissa C.; Larson, Jennifer C. Gidley; Mostofsky, Stewart H.; Mahone, E. Mark; Denckla, Martha B.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mostow, Allison J.] Kenney Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. [Goldberg, Melissa C.; Mostofsky, Stewart H.; Mahone, E. Mark; Denckla, Martha B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Vecera, Shaun P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Goldberg, MC (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway,Room 232, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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P., 1995, Visual Cognition, V2, DOI 10.1080/13506289508401722 Vecera SP, 2004, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V42, P1657, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.009 Vecera SP, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P150, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.010 Vlamings PHJM, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P267, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3289-y WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 Wechsler D., 2003, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd ZILBOVICIUS M, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P248 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1405 EP 1413 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0506-x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400001 PM 18074212 ER PT J AU Allison, C Baron-Cohen, S Wheelwright, S Charman, T Richler, J Pasco, G Brayne, C AF Allison, Carrie Baron-Cohen, Simon Wheelwright, Sally Charman, Tony Richler, Jennifer Pasco, Greg Brayne, Carol TI The Q-CHAT (Quantitative CHecklist for autism in toddlers): A normally distributed quantitative measure of autistic traits at 18-24 months of age: Preliminary report SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum conditions; Q-CHAT; childhood screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; GENERAL-POPULATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; PREVALENCE; 2-YEAR-OLDS AB We report a major revision of the CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT). This quantitative CHAT (Q-CHAT) contains 25 items, scored on a 5 point scale (0-4). The Q-CHAT was completed by parents of n = 779 unselected toddlers (mean age 21 months) and n = 160 toddlers and preschoolers (mean age 44 months) with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). The ASC group (mean (SD) = 51.8 (14.3)) scored higher on the Q-CHAT than controls (26.7 (7.8)). Boys in the control group (27.5 (7.8)) scored higher than girls (25.8 (7.7)). The intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability was 0.82 (n = 330). The distribution in the control group was close to normal. Full examination of the clinical validity of the Q-CHAT and test properties is underway. C1 [Allison, Carrie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Richler, Jennifer; Pasco, Greg] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Charman, Tony] UCL Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Brayne, Carol] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. RP Allison, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1414 EP 1425 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0509-7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400002 PM 18240013 ER PT J AU Luyster, RJ Kadlec, MB Carter, A Tager-Flusberg, H AF Luyster, Rhiannon J. Kadlec, Mary Beth Carter, Alice Tager-Flusberg, Helen TI Language assessment and development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE language; toddlers; early childhood; development; assessment ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; PRELINGUISTIC PREDICTORS; MOTOR CORTEX; 2ND YEAR; IMITATION; PLAY AB One of the primary diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is the presence of a language delay or impairment. Children with ASD are now being identified at significantly younger ages, and prior research has consistently found that early language skills in this population are heterogeneous and an important predictor for later outcome. The goal of this study was to systematically investigate language in toddlers with ASD and to identify early correlates of receptive and expressive language in this population. The study included 164 toddlers with ASD between the ages of 18 and 33 months who were evaluated on several cognitive, language and behavioral measures. Results suggested good agreement among different measures of early language, including direct assessment and parent report measures. Significant concurrent predictors of receptive language included gestures, non-verbal cognitive ability and response to joint attention. For expressive language, the most significant predictors were non-verbal cognitive ability, gestures and imitation. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1426 EP 1438 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0510-1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400003 PM 18188685 ER PT J AU Honey, E McConachie, H Randle, V Shearer, H Le Couteur, AS AF Honey, Emma McConachie, Helen Randle, Val Shearer, Heather Le Couteur, Ann S. TI One-year change in repetitive behaviours in young children with communication disorders including autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE longitudinal; repetitive behaviour; autism spectrum disorder; ability; early identification; ADI-R ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDHOOD AB Repetitive behaviours are a relatively neglected area of study in autism. Previous research has concluded that repetitive behaviour is inversely related to ability and that it tends to increase over the preschool years. One-hundred and four children ages 24-48 months, with autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other disorders, were followed for 13 months. Twelve items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R) were analysed, as well as diagnostic algorithm scores. Ability was related to degree of repetitive behaviours, except for one cluster of relatively able children. ADI-R repetitive behaviour algorithm scores increased over time; however, when all 12 behaviours were considered, there was a general decrease in impact upon the child's and family's activities. Reasons for this decrease are discussed. C1 [McConachie, Helen; Randle, Val; Le Couteur, Ann S.] Univ Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sir James Spence Inst, Sch Clin Med Sci, Newcastle NE1 4LP, NSW, England. [Honey, Emma; Shearer, Heather] Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP McConachie, H (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirm, Sir James Spence Inst, Sch Clin Med Sci, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle NE1 4LP, NSW, England. EM h.r.mcconachie@ncl.ac.uk CR ABELSON AG, 1983, J PSYCHIAT TREAT EV, V5, P31 Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 Baird G, 2001, ARCH DIS CHILD, V84, P468, DOI 10.1136/adc.84.6.468 Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 BARTAK L, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P383, DOI 10.1007/BF01540396 BERKSON B, 2000, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V23, P1 Bishop D. V. 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A., 1996, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE Wing L., 1996, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM GU WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 Young RL, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P125, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002002 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1450 DI 10.1007/s10803-006-0191-1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400004 PM 16900401 ER PT J AU Shamay-Tsoory, SG AF Shamay-Tsoory, Simone G. TI Recognition of 'fortune of others' emotions in asperger syndrome and high functioning autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE asperger syndrome; fortune of others emotions; envy; schadenfreude ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COMPLEX EMOTIONS; EMPATHY DEFICITS; JOINT ATTENTION; REVISED VERSION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; ENVY; SCHADENFREUDE AB 'Fortune of others' emotions, such as envy and gloating over the other's misfortune, are complex emotions experienced in situations where events are presumed to be desirable or undesirable for another person. The present paper explores the notion that individuals with AS and HFA are impaired in understanding of envy and gloating. We tested the ability of adults with AS/HFA to understand envy and gloating and compared their performance to that of age-matched healthy controls. The 'fortune of others' emotion task and an additional theory-of-mind (ToM) task were based on a task designed to assess ToM on the basis of eye gaze direction. Individuals with AS and HFA showed no difficulty on basic ToM conditions, but were impaired in their ability to identify envy and gloating. Furthermore, the ability to recognize these emotions was related to scores on a self-rating scale of perspective-taking ability and the ToM task. C1 Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Shamay-Tsoory, SG (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1451 EP 1461 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0515-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400005 PM 18161015 ER PT J AU Horrocks, JL White, G Roberts, L AF Horrocks, Judy L. White, George Roberts, Laura TI Principals' attitudes regarding inclusion of children with autism in Pennsylvania public schools SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; principals; inclusion ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EDUCATION; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; LONELINESS; TEACHERS AB This study sought to identify the attitudes that principals held regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities, and the relationship between their attitudes and their placement recommendations for children with autism and to identify the relationship between specific demographic factors and attitudes toward inclusion and placement. A stratified random sample was drawn from the active list of 3,070 principals in the Pennsylvania public schools. From 1,500 surveys, 571 principal responses were received. The most significant factor in predicting both a positive attitude toward inclusion of children with disabilities and higher recommendations of placements for children with autism was the principal's belief that children with autism could be included in a regular education classroom. C1 [Horrocks, Judy L.] Timothy Sch, Berwyn, PA 19312 USA. [White, George] Lehigh Univ, Coll Educ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Roberts, Laura] Roberts Educ Res, Lansdale, PA USA. RP Horrocks, JL (reprint author), Timothy Sch, 973 Old Lancaster Rd, Berwyn, PA 19312 USA. EM jhorrocks@timothyschool.com CR ACCARDO PJ, 2000, AUTISM CLIN RES ISSU Avissar G., 2003, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V18, P355, DOI 10.1080/0885625032000120233 Barnett C, 1998, REM SPEC EDUC, V19, P181 Bauminger N, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1025827427901 Bauminger N, 2000, CHILD DEV, V71, P447, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 COLLINS L, 2003, THESIS LEHIGH U BETH Cook BG, 1999, REM SPEC EDUC, V20, P199, DOI 10.1177/074193259902000403 Fullan M., 2001, LEADING CULTURE CHAN GAMEROS P, 1995, NASSP B, V79, P15, DOI 10.1177/019263659507956803 HASAZI SB, 1994, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V60, P491 HORROCKS J, 2005, THESIS LEHIGH U BETH Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kasari C, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P297, DOI 10.1023/A:1022159302571 Marks S., 2003, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V35, P50 *MERC, 2002, AUT EP SOARS AM PARKER SA, 1997, NASSP B, V81, P83, DOI 10.1177/019263659708158712 Praisner CL, 2003, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V69, P135 SEMMEL M, 1986, ED276245 COUNC EXC C Simpson RL, 2004, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V70, P135 Simpson RL, 2003, TOP LANG DISORD, V23, P116 Simpson RL, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V21, P7 STAINBACK S, 1982, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V17, P88 *US DEP ED, 2000, ED444333 US DEP ED Villa RA, 1996, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V63, P29 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1462 EP 1473 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0522-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400006 PM 18256916 ER PT J AU Solomon, M Ozonoff, S Carter, C Caplan, R AF Solomon, Marjorie Ozonoff, Sally Carter, Cameron Caplan, Rochelle TI Formal thought disorder and the autism spectrum: Relationship with symptoms, executive control, and anxiety SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; schizophrenia; thought disorder; executive functions; anxiety ID COMMUNICATION IMPAIRMENTS; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AFFECTIVE REACTIVITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; LANGUAGE; MIND; SYMPTOMATOLOGY AB This study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit formal thought disorder (FTD), and whether this is related to ASD symptoms, executive control, and anxiety. Participants aged 8-17 with ASDs exhibited significantly more illogical thinking and loose associations than matched typically developing control subjects. In participants with ASDs, illogical thinking was related to aspects of cognitive functioning and to executive control. Loose associations were related to autism communication symptoms and to parent reports of stress and anxiety. When FTD is present in ASDs, it generally is not a co-morbid schizophrenia symptom, but is related to pragmatic language abnormalities found in ASDs. The clinical and neurobiological significance of this work is discussed. C1 [Solomon, Marjorie; Ozonoff, Sally] MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Solomon, Marjorie; Ozonoff, Sally; Carter, Cameron] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Solomon, Marjorie; Carter, Cameron] UC Davis Imaging Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Caplan, Rochelle] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Solomon, M (reprint author), MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM marjorie.solomon@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; sally.ozonoff@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; cameron.carter@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Andreasen NC, 2000, HDB PSYCHIAT MEASURE, P498 BALTAXE CAM, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01046399 Barber AD, 2005, CEREB CORTEX, V15, P899, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhh189 Belser RC, 2001, AM J MENT RETARD, V106, P28, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0028:CCOCWF>2.0.CO;2 BENDER L, 1947, HDB CORRECTIONAL PSY, P17 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bishop DVM, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P7, DOI 10.1177/1362361305049027 Bishop DVM, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P29, DOI 10.1177/1362361305049028 CAPLAN R, 1994, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V33, P605, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199406000-00001 Caplan R, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P965, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200108000-00019 CAPLAN R, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P408, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198905000-00018 CARON C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1063, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00350.x Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd COHEN JD, 1992, PSYCHOL REV, V99, P45, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.45 CORBETT BA, 2006, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V31, P9 DOCHERTY NM, 1994, J NERV MENT DIS, V182, P98, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199402000-00006 Docherty NM, 1996, J NERV MENT DIS, V184, P535, DOI 10.1097/00005053-199609000-00004 DYKENS E, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P291, DOI 10.1007/BF02207326 FINE J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P359 Geschwind DH, 2007, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V17, P103, DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2007.01.009 Groden J, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P207, DOI 10.1023/A:1010755300436 Howlin P, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P3, DOI 10.1023/A:1022270118899 Irani F, 2006, SCHIZOPHR RES, V88, P151, DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.016 Joseph RM, 2004, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V16, P137, DOI 10.1017/S095457940404444X Kerns JG, 2002, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V111, P211, DOI 10.1037//0021-843X.111.2.211 Keshavan Matcheri S, 2007, Curr Psychiatry Rep, V9, P325, DOI 10.1007/s11920-007-0040-8 KOLVIN I, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P381, DOI 10.1192/bjp.118.545.381 Konstantareas MM, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P19, DOI 10.1023/A:1005605528309 KREHER D, 2007, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, V43, P550 Kuperberg GR, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V20, P442, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.20.4.442 Kuperberg GR, 2007, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V64, P138, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.138 Leitman DI, 2006, PSYCHOL MED, V36, P1075, DOI 10.1017/S0033291706007653 Leyfer OT, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P849, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Macintosh KE, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P421, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00234.x Mouridsen SE, 1999, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V32, P177, DOI 10.1159/000029087 Ozonoff S., 2007, ASSESSMENT CHILDHOOD, P487 Ozonoff S, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P72 Ozonoff S, 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, P332 Prizant B. M., 2006, SCERTS MODEL COMPREH, V1 Reynolds C. R., 1992, BEHAV ASSESSMENT SYS Rosano C, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V28, P881, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.059 RUTTER M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P315, DOI 10.1007/BF01537622 Sasson N, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P2580, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.009 Schiffman J, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P2021, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2021 SHEITMAN BB, 2004, SCHIZOPHR RES, V69, P2 Snitz BE, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P2322, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2322 SOLOMON M, 2006, 53 ANN M AM AC CHILD SOLOMON M, 2007, INT J DEV NEUROSCIEN Sporn AL, 2004, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V55, P989, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.019 SUDHALTER V, 2001, AM J MENT RETARD, V106, P11 Symond MB, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P459, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.459 Szatmari P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P520, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00141 Tager-Flusberg H., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P335 The Psychological Corporation, 1999, WECHSL ABBR SCAL INT TOWBIN KE, 2006, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V2, P165 van der Gaag RJ, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P465 VOLDEN J, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P109, DOI 10.1007/BF02284755 VOLKMAR FR, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P1705 WALKER EF, 1993, AM J PSYCHIAT, V150, P1654 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED NR 63 TC 29 Z9 29 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1474 EP 1484 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400007 PM 18297385 ER PT J AU Minshew, NJ Hobson, JA AF Minshew, Nancy J. Hobson, Jessica A. TI Sensory sensitivities and performance on sensory perceptual tasks in high-functioning individuals with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; sensory sensitivities; sensory perception; sensory neglect ID CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DISTURBED-CHILDREN; MOTOR INTEGRATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ABNORMALITIES; CONNECTIVITY AB Most reports of sensory symptoms in autism are second hand or observational, and there is little evidence of a neurological basis. Sixty individuals with high-functioning autism and 61 matched typical participants were administered a sensory questionnaire and neuropsychological tests of elementary and higher cortical sensory perception. Thirty-two percent of autism participants endorsed more sensory sensitivity items than any control participants. Both groups made few errors on elementary sensory perception items. Controls made few errors on higher cortical sensory perception items, but 30% of the autism participants made high numbers of errors. These findings support the common occurrence of sensory symptoms in high functioning autism based on first person report, and the presence of neurological abnormalities in higher cortical sensory perception. C1 [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, NICHD, Collaborat Program Excellence Autism, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hobson, Jessica A.] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Minshew, NJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, NICHD, Collaborat Program Excellence Autism, 3811 OHara St,Suite 300 Webster Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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M., 1985, HALSTEADREITAN NEURO Rogers SJ, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P631, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006000.38991.a7 Rogers SJ, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P1255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01431.x RUMSEY JM, 1988, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V10, P201, DOI 10.1080/01688638808408236 RUTTER M, 1966, EARLY CHILDHOOD AUTI, P39 Spreen O., 1998, COMPENDIUM NEUROPSYC Talay-Ongan A., 2000, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V47, P201, DOI DOI 10.1080/713671112 VERBATEN MN, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P449, DOI 10.1007/BF02206870 Waterhouse L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P457, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.457 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Williams DL, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V20, P21, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.21 WILLIAMS DL, NEUROIMAGIN IN PRESS WING L, 1969, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V10, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02066.x ZISSERMANN L, 1992, AM J OCCUP THER, V46, P547 NR 85 TC 21 Z9 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1485 EP 1498 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0528-4 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400008 PM 18302014 ER PT J AU Shane, HC Albert, PD AF Shane, Howard C. Albert, Patti Ducoff TI Electronic screen media for persons with autism spectrum disorders: Results of a survey SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; media; video modeling; observational learning ID CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; SPEECH; SKILLS AB Social and anecdotal reports suggest a predilection for visual media among individuals on the autism spectrum, yet no formal investigation has explored the extent of that use. Using a distributed questionnaire design, parents and caregivers report on time allotted toward media, including observable behaviors and communicative responses. More time was spent engaged with electronic screen media (ESM) than any other leisure activity. Television and movie viewing was more popular than computer usage. Across media platforms, animated programs were more highly preferred. Prevalent verbal and physical imitation was reported to occur during and following exposure to ESM. Clinical implications to strategically incorporate ESM into learning approaches for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are provided. C1 [Albert, Patti Ducoff] Childrens Hosp Boston, Hartford, CT USA. [Shane, Howard C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shane, Howard C.] MGH Inst Hlth Profess, Boston, MA USA. [Shane, Howard C.] Childrens Hosp, Ctr Commun Enhancement, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Albert, PD (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Boston, Hartford, CT USA. 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M., 2000, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1499 EP 1508 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0527-5 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400009 PM 18293074 ER PT J AU Bitterman, A Daley, TC Misra, S Carlson, E Markowitz, J AF Bitterman, Amy Daley, Tamara C. Misra, Sunil Carlson, Elaine Markowitz, Joy TI A national sample of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders: Special education services and parent satisfaction SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; ASD; IDEA; preschoolers; services; parent satisfaction ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL VALIDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; PROGRAMS; BEHAVIOR AB The Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study (PEELS) examines the preschool and early elementary school experiences of a nationally representative sample of 3,104 children ages 3-5 with disabilities from 2004 through 2009. This paper describes the special education and related services received by a subsample of 186 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in 2003-2004 and parental satisfaction with those services. Past research and patterns of litigation suggest that parents of children with ASD are not wholly satisfied with the special education and related services their children receive. In the current study, the authors found many similarities between children with ASD and children with other disabilities in the type of services received under IDEA and in parent satisfaction with these services. Still, some significant differences emerged in the number of services received, the amount of time children with ASD spent in special education settings, and parent satisfaction with the amount of time children spent with typically developing peers. Implications about the importance of parent satisfaction and social validity measures are discussed. C1 [Bitterman, Amy; Daley, Tamara C.; Misra, Sunil; Carlson, Elaine; Markowitz, Joy] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Carlson, E (reprint author), Westat Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 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Barber, Angie Morgan, Lindee TI Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE repetitive stereotyped behavior; autism spectrum disorder; second year ID NORMAL HUMAN INFANTS; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FOLLOW-UP; COMMUNICATION; AGE; RELIABILITY; GENERALIZABILITY AB This study examined repetitive and stereotyped behaviors (RSB) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, n = 50), developmental delays without ASD (DD; n = 25) and typical development (TD, n = 50) between 18 and 24 months of age. Children with ASD demonstrated significantly higher frequency and longer duration of RSB with objects, body, and sensory behaviors during a systematic behavior sample than both the DD and TD groups. RSB with objects were related to concurrent measures of symbolic capacity and social competence in the second year and predicted developmental outcomes as well as severity of autism symptoms at 3 years in children with communication delays. RSB in the second year appear to be important for early identification and prediction of developmental outcomes. C1 [Watt, Nola] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Human & Community Dev, Discipline Speech Pathol & Audiol, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Wetherby, Amy M.; Barber, Angie; Morgan, Lindee] Florida State Univ, Dept Commun Disorders, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Watt, N (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Human & Community Dev, Discipline Speech Pathol & Audiol, 1 Jan Smuts Ave,Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. EM nola.watt@wits.ac.za CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bakeman R, 1997, OBSERVING INTERACTIO Bishop SL, 2006, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V12, P247, DOI 10.1080/09297040600630288 Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855 BOPP KD, 2005, ANN AM SPEECH LANG H Bruckner CT, 2006, AM J MENT RETARD, V111, P433, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[433:IKIORB]2.0.CO;2 Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Charman T, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P325 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Cohen J, 1960, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V20, P46 Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 Cuccaro ML, 2003, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V34, P3, DOI 10.1023/A:1025321707947 Einfeld S. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1518 EP 1533 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0532-8 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400011 PM 18266099 ER PT J AU Golan, O Baron-Cohen, S Golan, Y AF Golan, Ofer Baron-Cohen, Simon Golan, Yael TI The 'Reading the Mind in Films' task [child version]: Complex emotion and mental state recognition in children with and without autism spectrum conditions SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE emotion recognition; complex emotions; empathy; social cognition; childhood; autism spectrum ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; NORMAL ADULTS; FACE; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; DISORDERS; ABILITIES; DECEPTION AB Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties recognizing others' emotions. Research has mostly focused on basic emotion recognition, devoid of context. This study reports the results of a new task, assessing recognition of complex emotions and mental states in social contexts. An ASC group (n = 23) was compared to a general population control group (n = 24). Children with ASC performed lower than controls on the task. Using task scores, more than 87% of the participants were allocated to their group. This new test quantifies complex emotion and mental state recognition in life-like situations. Our findings reveal that children with ASC have residual difficulties in this aspect of empathy. The use of language-based compensatory strategies for emotion recognition is discussed. C1 [Golan, Ofer] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Golan, Ofer; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Golan, Yael] Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge, England. RP Golan, O (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1534 EP 1541 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0533-7 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400012 PM 18311514 ER PT J AU Wallace, AE Anderson, GM Dubrow, R AF Wallace, Anna E. Anderson, George M. Dubrow, Robert TI Obstetric and parental psychiatric variables as potential predictors of autism severity SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; preeclampsia; psychiatric; obstetric; hypertension; depression ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RIGID-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; INFANTILE-AUTISM; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; POSTNATAL FACTORS; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION AB Associations between obstetric and parental psychiatric variables and subjects' Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) domain scores were examined using linear mixed effects models. Data for the 228 families studied were provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange. Hypertension (P = 0.002), preeclampsia (P = 0.021) and generalized edema (P = 0.011) were associated with higher ADI-R communication scores. Hypertension (P = 0.011), albuminuria (P = 0.039) and generalized edema (P = 0.009) were associated with higher ADI-R repetitive behaviors scores. Parent depression was associated with higher ADI-R repetitive behaviors scores (P = 0.005), and parent anxiety with lower ADOS social/communication composite scores (P = 0.025). The associations between hypertension-related obstetric conditions and autistic severity warrant further investigation and raise intriguing questions regarding potential causal and modifying factors in autism. C1 [Wallace, Anna E.; Dubrow, Robert] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. [Anderson, George M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1542 EP 1554 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0536-4 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400013 PM 18324467 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, RA Bartels, M Cath, DC Boomsma, DI AF Hoekstra, Rosa A. Bartels, Meike Cath, Danielle C. Boomsma, Dorret I. TI Factor structure, reliability and criterion validity of the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): A study in dutch population and patient groups SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; factor analysis; validity; reliability; autism phenotype ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENERAL-POPULATION; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; FAMILY HISTORY; PHENOTYPE; TRAITS; IMPAIRMENT; CHILDREN; PARENTS; VERSION AB The factor structure of the Dutch translation of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ; a continuous, quantitative measure of autistic traits) was evaluated with confirmatory factor analyses in a large general population and student sample. The criterion validity of the AQ was examined in three matched patient groups (autism spectrum conditions (ASC), social anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder). A two factor model, consisting of a "Social interaction" factor and "Attention to detail" factor could be identified. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the AQ were satisfactory. High total AQ and factor scores were specific to ASC patients. Men scored higher than women and science students higher than non-science students. The Dutch translation of the AQ is a reliable instrument to assess autism spectrum conditions. C1 [Hoekstra, Rosa A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Dev Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Bartels, Meike; Boomsma, Dorret I.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Biol Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Cath, Danielle C.] GGZ Buitenamstel, Dept Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Hoekstra, RA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Dev Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1566 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0538-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400014 PM 18302013 ER PT J AU Kopra, K von Wendt, L Wendt, TNV Paavonen, EJ AF Kopra, Kristiina von Wendt, Lennart Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von Paavonen, E. Juulia TI Comparison of diagnostic methods for asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE asperger syndrome; diagnostic criteria; sensitivity; specificity ID DSM-IV; TOTAL POPULATION; AUTISM; DISORDER; CHILDREN; CRITERIA AB Several different diagnostic sets of criteria exist for Asperger syndrome (AS), but there is no agreement on a gold standard. The aim of this study was to compare four diagnostic sets of criteria for AS: the ICD-10, the DSM-IV, the Gillberg & Gillberg, and the Szatmari criteria. The series consists of 36 children who had been referred to two centers with a tentative diagnosis of AS. The best agreement was between the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV criteria (Kappa coefficient 0.48), and the lowest between the Gillberg & Gillberg and Szatmari criteria (Kappa coefficient -0.21). The poor agreement between these sets of diagnostic criteria compromises the comparability of studies on AS. C1 [Paavonen, E. Juulia] Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth STAKES, Helsinki 00531, Finland. [Kopra, Kristiina; von Wendt, Lennart] HUCH Hosp Children & Adolescents, Dept Child Neurol, Helsinki, Finland. [Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von] Neuropsychiat Rehabil Ctr Neuromental, Helsinki, Finland. [Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von] Jorvi Hosp, Dept Adolescent Psychiat, SF-02740 Espoo, Finland. [Paavonen, E. Juulia] Univ Helsinki, Dept Child Psychiat, Helsinki, Finland. RP Paavonen, EJ (reprint author), Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth STAKES, POB 220,Lintulahdenkuja 4, Helsinki 00531, Finland. EM juulia.paavonen@helsinki.fi CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 EHLERS S, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P1327, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02094.x GHAZIUDDIN M, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF01046332 GILLBERG C, 1989, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V31, P520 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x Green D, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P655, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00054 Kadesjo B, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P327, DOI 10.1023/A:1022115520317 Kopp S., 1992, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V1, P89 Lord C, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P501, DOI 10.1023/A:1025873925661 Mattila ML, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P636, DOI 10.1097/chi.0b013e318033ff42 Mayes SD, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P81, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001008 Mayes SD, 2001, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V29, P263, DOI 10.1023/A:1010337916636 Miller JN, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P247 Nieminen-von Wendt T, 2005, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V5, DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-5-20 NIEMINENVONWEND.T, 2004, THESIS U HELSINKI SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 Wazana A, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P721, DOI 10.1097/chi.0b013e31804a7f3b WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 Woodbury-Smith M, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P235, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-2002-5 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1567 EP 1573 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0537-y PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400015 PM 18324466 ER PT J AU Saalasti, S Lepistoe, T Toppila, E Kujala, T Laakso, M Wendt, TNV von Wendt, L Jansson-Verkasalo, E AF Saalasti, Satu Lepistoe, Tuulia Toppila, Esko Kujala, Teija Laakso, Minna Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von von Wendt, Lennart Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira TI Language abilities of children with asperger syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE asperger syndrome; language; comprehension of instructions; executive dysfunction ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; ADULTS; IMPAIRMENTS; PERCEPTION; SPEECH AB Current diagnostic taxonomies (ICD-10, DSM-IV) emphasize normal acquisition of language in Asperger syndrome (AS). Although many linguistic sub-skills may be fairly normal in AS there are also contradictory findings. There are only few studies examining language skills of children with AS in detail. The aim of this study was to study language performance in children with AS and their age, sex and IQ matched controls. Children with AS had significantly lower scores in the subtest of Comprehension of Instructions. Results showed that although many linguistic skills may develop normally, comprehension of language may be affected in children with AS. The results suggest that receptive language processes should be studied in detail in children with AS. C1 [Saalasti, Satu; Laakso, Minna] Univ Helsinki, Dept Speech Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Saalasti, Satu; Lepistoe, Tuulia; Kujala, Teija; Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira] Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychol, Cognit Brain Res Unit, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Saalasti, Satu; Lepistoe, Tuulia; von Wendt, Lennart] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Toppila, Esko] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. [Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von] Jorvi Hosp, Dept Adolescent Psychiat, SF-02740 Espoo, Finland. [Wendt, Taina Nieminen-von] Med Ctr Dextra, Helsinki, Finland. [Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Oulu, Finland. RP Saalasti, S (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Speech Sci, POB 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1574 EP 1580 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0540-3 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400016 PM 18324464 ER PT J AU Nordahl, CW Simon, TJ Zierhut, C Solomon, M Rogers, SJ Amaral, DG AF Nordahl, Christine Wu Simon, Tony J. Zierhut, Cynthia Solomon, Marjorie Rogers, Sally J. Amaral, David G. TI Brief report: Methods for acquiring structural MRI data in very young children with autism without the use of sedation SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE MRI; autism; natural sleep; sedation; children; toddlers ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; NORMAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; NIH MRI; AGE; SPECTRUM; DISORDER AB We describe a protocol with which we achieved a 93% success rate in acquiring high quality MRI scans without the use of sedation in 2.5-4.5 year old children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. Our main strategy was to conduct MRIs during natural nocturnal sleep in the evenings after the child's normal bedtime. Alternatively, with some older and higher functioning children, the MRI was conducted while the child was awake and watching a video. Both strategies relied heavily on the creation of a child and family friendly MRI environment and the involvement of parents as collaborators in the project. Scanning very young children with autism, typical development, and developmental delays without the use of sedation or anesthesia was possible in the majority of cases. C1 [Nordahl, Christine Wu; Simon, Tony J.; Zierhut, Cynthia; Solomon, Marjorie; Rogers, Sally J.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Nordahl, Christine Wu; Simon, Tony J.; Solomon, Marjorie; Rogers, Sally J.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1581 EP 1590 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0514-x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400017 PM 18157624 ER PT J AU Mitchell, P O'Keefe, K AF Mitchell, Peter O'Keefe, Kelly TI Brief report: Do individuals with autism spectrum disorder think they know their own minds? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE self knowledge; theory of mind; estimations; subjectivity ID CHILDREN; SELF AB How much do individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) think they know about their inner states? To find out, we asked 24 participants with ASD and 24 non-clinical participants to rate how well they knew about six topics of self knowledge; they also rated how well a comparison individual knew these things about them. Participants with ASD differed from the non-clinical participants in assigning about the same amount of knowledge to the comparison individual as to themselves. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1598 EP 1604 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0534-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 338TI UT WOS:000258531400019 PM 18293073 ER PT J AU Ward, LM Pinto, T Lawrence, S Lawson, M Bastepe, M Juppner, H Rauch, F AF Ward, L. M. Pinto, T. Lawrence, S. Lawson, M. Bastepe, M. Jueppner, H. Rauch, F. TI Hypothyroidism and Autism Combined with Pseudohypoparathyroidism in the Absence of Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy and GNAS Imprinting Changes: A Novel Clinical Syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-16, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Ward, L. M.; Pinto, T.; Lawrence, S.; Lawson, M.] Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Div Endocrinol, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. [Bastepe, M.; Jueppner, H.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rauch, F.] Shriners Hosp Children, Genet Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 BP S183 EP S183 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 351FX UT WOS:000259411001056 ER PT J AU Frye, RE Zimmerman, AW Shoffner, JN AF Frye, Richard E. Zimmerman, Andrew W. Shoffner, John N. TI Conflict of interest statement concerning "Developmental Regression and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Child With Autism" SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Frye, Richard E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat & Neurol, Houston, TX USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Shoffner, John N.] LLC, Med Neurogenet, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frye, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat & Neurol, Houston, TX USA. CR Poling JS, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P170, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00032 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1090 DI 10.1177/0883073808322336 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 343GR UT WOS:000258841800024 ER PT J AU Poling, JS AF Poling, Jon S. TI Correspondence on "Developmental Regression and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Child with Autism" SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter CR Poling JS, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P170, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00032 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1089 DI 10.1177/0883073808322330 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 343GR UT WOS:000258841800023 ER PT J AU Brumback, RA AF Brumback, Roger A. TI The appalling Poling Saga SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM; VACCINES RI Brumback, Roger/A-2404-2008 CR Frye RE, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P1089, DOI 10.1177/0883073808322336 Offit PA, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V358, P2089, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp0802904 Offit PA, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V359, P656 Poling JS, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P1089, DOI 10.1177/0883073808322330 Poling JS, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V359, P655, DOI 10.1056/NEJMc086269 Poling JS, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P170, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00032 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1090 EP 1091 DI 10.1177/0883073808322333 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 343GR UT WOS:000258841800025 PM 18827280 ER PT J AU Magnee, MJCM de Gelder, B van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Magnee, Maurice J. C. M. de Gelder, Beatrice van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI Audiovisual speech integration in pervasive developmental disorder: evidence from event-related potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE multisensory integration; language and communication; autism; EEG; visual; auditory ID AUDITORY-VISUAL INTEGRATION; AUTISM; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION AB Background: Integration of information from multiple sensory sources is an important prerequisite for successful social behavior, especially during face-to-face conversation. It has been suggested that communicative impairments among individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) might be caused by an inability to integrate synchronously presented visual and auditory cues. Method: We investigated audiovisual integration of speech stimuli among a group of high-functioning adult PDD individuals and age- and IQ-matched controls using electroencephalography, measuring both early pre-phonological, as well as late phonologically driven integration. Results: Pre-phonological AV interactions are intact, while AV interactions corresponding to more complex phonological processes are impaired in individuals with PDD. Conclusions: The present findings argue for a pattern of impairments on tasks related to complex audiovisual integration combined with relative sparing of low-level integrational abilities. This combination may very well contribute to the communicative disabilities which are typical for the disorder. C1 [Magnee, Maurice J. C. M.; van Engeland, Herman; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Magnee, Maurice J. C. M.; de Gelder, Beatrice] Tilburg Univ, Lab Cognit & Affect Neurosci, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. [Kemner, Chantal] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Sect Biol Dev Psychol, Maastricht, Netherlands. [de Gelder, Beatrice] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [de Gelder, Beatrice] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA USA. RP Magnee, MJCM (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, B01-201,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM M.J.C.M.Magnee@umcutrecht.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [402-01-094] FX This research was funded by an Innovational Research Incentives grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; VIDI-scheme, 402-01-094) to Chantal Kemner. 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Psychiatry PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 9 BP 995 EP 1000 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01902.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 342KL UT WOS:000258782900012 PM 18492039 ER PT J AU Dykens, EM Roof, E AF Dykens, Elisabeth M. Roof, Elizabeth TI Behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome: relationship to genetic subtypes and age SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; genetic subtypes; age; CYFIP1 ID MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; DELETION; PEOPLE; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; ABILITIES; SYMPTOMS; AUTISM AB Background: Some behavioral features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are associated with the major genetic subtypes of this disorder. While most agree that those with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) have a distinctive cognitive and psychiatric profile, findings are more controversial regarding possible differences among persons who vary in paternal deletion size. Methods: Caregivers of 88 persons with PWS aged 5 to 51 years (M = 22 years) were administered measures of problem behavior, compulsivity, hyperphagia, and adaptive skills. The sample was well characterized as having relatively large, Type I (n = 26) or smaller, Type II (n = 29) deletions, or UPD (n = 33). Results: No significant behavioral differences were found between the Type I versus Type II deletion groups. Within each genetic subtype, however, differences emerged in how advancing age related to behavior. Although age did not emerge as a significant correlate of behavior in the Type II or UPD groups, in the Type I group age was consistently associated with lower problem behaviors, adaptive skills, and externalizing symptoms. Conclusion: Although differences between deletion subtypes were not found, significant within-subtype differences emerged in relationships between age and behavior. Negative associations between age and behavior in the Type I group only may relate to non-imprinted genes that are deleted in Type I but not Type II cases, including CYFIP1. Altered expression of CYFIP1 is seen in other developmental disabilities, including 15q disorders, and haploinsufficiency of CYFIP1 in Type I PWS cases may be associated with age-related phenotypic effects. Findings underscore the importance of a life-span perspective in phenotypic research. C1 [Dykens, Elisabeth M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. RP Dykens, EM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, 230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM elisabeth.dykens@vanderbilt.edu FU NICHD [R01HD135681, P30HD15052]; Vanderbilt General Clinical Research Center; Prader-Willi Syndrome Association (USA) FX This research was supported by NICHD grant R01HD135681 to EMD, and P30HD15052 to the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, the Vanderbilt General Clinical Research Center, and a pilot grant from the Prader-Willi Syndrome Association (USA). The authors thank the families for their enthusiastic participation, Merlin Butler, M. D., and Douglas Bittel, Ph. D., for their subtyping of deletion cases, Elizabeth Pantino and Rebecca Kossler for assistance in data collection, and Robert Hodapp, Ph. D, for his helpful comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. 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Haine, Rachel A. Hough, Richard L. TI School-Based Service Use by Youth With ADHD in Public-Sector Settings SO JOURNAL OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ADD/ADHD/autism disorders/disabilities; community services; mental health; school-based services; mental health access issues; cross-system collaboration ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; MEDICATION ALGORITHM PROJECT; CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SPECIAL-EDUCATION SERVICES; CONSENSUS CONFERENCE PANEL; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; MENTAL-HEALTH-PROGRAMS; NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AB This study investigates rates and predictors of school-based services (SBSs) for 390 youth meeting criteria for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and served in the San Diego public sectors. Only 60% of youth had received an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis; these youth were younger, male, Caucasian (versus Latino), and active to public mental health and special education (Emotional Disturbance category) at enumeration of study participants. Higher rates of SBSs (64%) were revealed than in community samples. Only 26% accessed multimodal treatment including SBSs, medication, and mental health. In multivariate modeling, SBSs displayed a curvilinear relationship with age, which may explain previously conflicting results regarding that relationship. Youth with private insurance or receiving mental health or medication were more likely to receive SBSs. Gender, race/ethnicity, and caregiver education, health, and mental health were not related to SBSs use. These findings may reflect sample characteristics. Further exploration of factors influencing SBSs use in different populations is warranted. C1 [Leslie, Laurel K.] Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. 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Emot. Behav. Disord. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.1177/1063426608314290 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 394AA UT WOS:000262416400003 ER PT J AU Lopez-Wagner, MC Hoffman, CD Sweeney, DP Hodge, D Gilliam, JE AF Lopez-Wagner, Muriel C. Hoffman, Charles D. Sweeney, Dwight P. Hodge, Danelle Gilliam, James E. TI Sleep problems of parents of typically developing children and parents of children with autism SO JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; parents; sleep problems ID SEVERE LEARNING-DISABILITIES; QUALITY INDEX; SCHOOL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL HANDICAP; RATING-SCALE; STRESS; DISORDERS; FAMILIES; DISTURBANCES; INSTRUMENT AB Few researchers have investigated the relation of children's sleep problems to their parents' sleep problems. Children with autism have been reported to evidence greater sleep problems than do typically developing children (C. D. Hoffman, D. P. Sweeney, J. E. Gilliam, & M. C. Lopez-Wagner, 2006: P. G. William, L. L. Sears, & A. Allard, 2004). 111 the present study, parents (N = 106) of children independently diagnosed with autism (4-16 years of age; M = 8.20 years, SD = 2.69 years) reported greater sleep problems for themselves than did parents (N = 168) of typically developing children (4-15 years of age; M = 8.62 years, SD = 3.28 years). Children's sleep problems were related to parents' sleep problems for both groups; in the autism group, children's level of symptomatology was not related to their parents' sleep. The authors suggest areas for further research oil the sleep problems of children and their parents, the potential interaction of these problems with children's symptomatic behavior, and the relations of these factors to child, parent, and family functioning. C1 [Lopez-Wagner, Muriel C.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Off Inst Res, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. 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K.; Huang, S.] Salisbury Dist Hosp, Salisbury NHS Fdn Trust, Wessex Reg Genet Lab, Salisbury, Wilts, England. [Ozgen, H. M.; van Daalen, E.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ozgen, H. M.; van Daalen, E.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London, England. [Lachlan, K. L.] Princess Anne Hosp, Southampton Univ Hosp Trust, Wessex Clin Genet Serv, Southampton, Hants, England. [Cresswell, L.; Barrow, M.] Leicester Royal Infirm, Leicester Genet Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [de Boogaard, M. J. van; Eleveld, M. J.; van t'Slot, R.; Hochstenbach, R.; Beerner, F. A.; Poot, M.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM john.barber@salisbury.nhs.uk RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 351PM UT WOS:000259436400202 ER PT J AU Miedzybrodzka, Z Neves-Pereira, M Muller, B Massie, D Williams, JHG O'Brien, PCM Hughes, A Shen, S StClair, D AF Miedzybrodzka, Zosia Neves-Pereira, M. Muller, B. Massie, D. Williams, J. H. G. O'Brien, P. C. M. Hughes, A. Shen, S. StClair, D. TI Disruption of the EIF4E Gene in Non-Syndromic Autism SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT British Human Genetics Conference CY SEP 15-17, 2008 CL York, ENGLAND HO Univ York C1 [Miedzybrodzka, Zosia; Neves-Pereira, M.; Muller, B.; Williams, J. H. G.; Hughes, A.; Shen, S.] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, Scotland. Univ Cambridge, Cytogenet Grp, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM zosia@abdn.ac.uk RI Shen, Sanbing/E-3750-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 351PM UT WOS:000259436400006 ER PT J AU Williams, J Williams, S AF Williams, Jill Williams, S. TI Rate of Abnormality in Paediatric Referrals with autism- a retrospective study (The Sheffield Experience) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT British Human Genetics Conference CY SEP 15-17, 2008 CL York, ENGLAND HO Univ York C1 [Williams, Jill; Williams, S.] Sheffield Reg Cytogenet Serv, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. EM jill.williams@sch.nhs.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-2593 J9 J MED GENET JI J. Med. Genet. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 351PM UT WOS:000259436400224 ER PT J AU Losh, M Sullivan, PF Trembath, D Piven, J AF Losh, Molly Sullivan, Patrick F. Trembath, Dimitri Piven, Joseph TI Current developments in the genetics of autism: From phenome to genome SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE autism; copy number variation (CNV); endophenotype; genetic ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; RIGID-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BROADER PHENOTYPE; FAMILY-HISTORY; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE AB Despite compelling evidence from twin and family studies indicating a strong genetic involvement in the etiology of autism, the unequivocal detection of autism susceptibility genes remains an elusive goal. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current state of autism genetics research, with attention focused on new techniques and analytic approaches. We first present a brief overview of evidence for the genetic basis of autism, followed by an appraisal of linkage and candidate Cleric study findings and consideration of new analytic approaches to the study of complex psychiatric conditions, namely, genome-wide association studies, assessment of structural variation within the genome, and the incorporation of endophenotypes in genetic analysis. C1 [Losh, Molly] Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Losh, Molly; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Trembath, Dimitri] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Losh, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Allied Hlth Sci, CB 7190, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM losh@med.unc.edu FU [K12RR023248]; [R03MH079998]; [Autism Speaks] FX ML was supported by K12RR023248, R03MH079998, and a grant from Autism Speaks. 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SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; autism; Asperger disorder; pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified; prevalence; data collection ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FOLLOW-UP; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; STATES AB Aim: To assess whether existing data collection mechanisms can provide accurate and sufficient information about the prevalence of autism in Australia. Methods: Summary data about the number of children aged 0-16 years known to have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were gathered from State and Territory health, disability, education sources and autism associations. Summary data were also provided by national sources. Initial contact was made by letter, and follow-up was undertaken by telephone or email. Results: For the years 2003-2004, the estimated prevalence of autism for 6- to 12-year-olds ranged from 9.6 to 40.8/10 000 for the State and Territory data, and from 12.1 to 35.7/10 000 for the national data. There was a similar variation in prevalence estimates for children aged 0-5 and 13-16 years. There was also a variation in prevalence estimates between age groups. Conclusion: Inconsistencies in autism prevalence estimates calculated from existing data sources suggest that further efforts are needed to ensure the collection of reliable information about the prevalence of ASD for national, State and Territory use. Existing data systems need to be improved or additional data systems need to be developed to ensure the collection of reliable information. Reliable and consistent ASD prevalence data would ensure that services are being provided to those who need them and would enhance the opportunities to undertake meaningful population-based research. C1 [Williams, Katrina] Sydney Childrens Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Williams, Katrina] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [MacDermott, Sarah; Wray, John A.] Univ Western Australia, State Child Dev Ctr, Children & Adolescent Hlth Serv, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [MacDermott, Sarah; Glasson, Emma J.] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ridley, Greta] Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Glasson, Emma J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Williams, K (reprint author), Sydney Childrens Community Hlth Ctr Child Hlth, Cnr Avoca & Barker St, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. EM katrina.williams@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au RI Glasson, Emma/H-5339-2013; Williams, Katrina/B-6828-2015 OI Glasson, Emma/0000-0003-3996-9049; Williams, Katrina/0000-0002-1686-4458 FU Australian Advisory Boards on Autism Spectrum Disorders; Commonwealth Department of Department of Family; Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaCSIA) FX The authors of the study would like to acknowledge the support of the Australian Advisory Boards on Autism Spectrum Disorders (formerly the Autism Council of Australia, Ltd) who funded this study through a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Department of Family, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaCSIA).We also wish to acknowledge the support of the following individuals and organizations who assisted in providing the data for the study;ACT: Lindy Abbott (DET), Therapy ACT; NSW: Adrien Ford & Trevor Clarke (ASPECT), Brian Smyth King (DET), Brendan O'Reilly (DADHC); NT: Carolyn Borci (DEET), Gail Bowker (TEMHS), Alison Bird (AANT); QLD: Michael Keates (DSQ), Penny Beeston & Frances Scodellaro (AQ), Andres Toro (QH); SA: Piet Crosby (DECS), Claire Wittwer-Smith (DFC), Susan Deeprose & Lyn Zeidler (IDSC), Jon Martin (ASA); TAS: Brodrick Smith (DHHS), Lynne James (DE); VIC: Geoff Riley (DET), Amanda Golding (AV), Justin McDermott (DHS); WA: David Hounsome & Anne Lawson (DSC), Val McKelvey (Cath Ed), Karen Lee Clark & Bernadette Long (DET), Susan Rosendorff (AISWA), Joan McKenna Kerr (AAWA); Centrelink: Cris Trevillian, Malinda Kirley & BI Frontdoor team: AIHW: Timothy Beard & Xing-yan Wen, and Andrew Hayen for providing advice about calculation of 95% confidence intervals.This report was presented, on invitation, to the Board of the Autism Council of Australia Ltd by one of the authors (John Wray) on September 2nd 2006. 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S., 2003, NATL AUTISM PLAN CHI *NEW YORK STATE DE, 1999, CLIN PRACT GUID REP Powell JE, 2000, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V42, P624, DOI 10.1017/S001216220000116X Prior M, 2003, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V39, P81, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00097.x *QUEENSL PAED QUAL, 2003, PAED MORB MORT QUEEN Rice C, 2004, AM J MED GENET C, V125C, P22, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30006 Schmidt M., 1983, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPR, P164 Shavelle RM, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P569, DOI 10.1023/A:1013247011483 Shields J, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P49, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001005 Skellern C, 2005, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V41, P413, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00667.x Skellern C, 2005, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V41, P407, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00634.x *VICT GOV DEP HUM, 2003, AUT VICT INV PREV SE Von Knorring A.-L., 1993, EUROPEAN CHILD ADOLE, V2, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02098864 *WAADF, 2005, DIAGN PROC CHILDR AD Williams JG, 2006, ARCH DIS CHILD, V91, P8, DOI 10.1136/adc.2004.062083 Williams K, 2005, MED J AUSTRALIA, V182, P108 WILLIAMS K, 2005, ADV SPEECH LANG PATH, V7, P35 Wing L, 2002, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V8, P151, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.10029 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1034-4810 J9 J PAEDIATR CHILD H JI J. Paediatr. Child Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01331.x PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 339SI UT WOS:000258597200007 PM 18564076 ER PT J AU Bourke, J Ricciardo, B Bebbington, A Alberti, K Jacoby, P Dyke, P Msall, M Bower, C Leonard, H AF Bourke, Jenny Ricciardo, Bernadette Bebbington, Ami Alberti, Karina Jacoby, Peter Dyke, Paula Msall, Michael Bower, Carol Leonard, Helen TI Physical and mental health in mothers of children with Down syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PARENTS; STRESS; ADOLESCENTS; ADAPTATION; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; AUTISM AB Objective To identify the relationship between characteristics of the child with Down syndrome and the health of their mother. Study design Families with a child/young adult with Down syndrome (< 25 years) provided information related to the health of the child, functioning and behavior, and the health and well-being of the mother (n = 250). Results The mean physical health score of mothers was 50.2 (SD = 9.6). Factors associated with lower mean physical health scores were as follows: child having a current heart problem (P = .036), a higher body mass index (P = .006), and higher (poorer) scores on the Developmental Behavior Checklist. Better physical health scores were seen in mothers whose children required no help/supervision in learning new skills (P = .008) and domestic tasks (P = .014). The mean mental health score of mothers was 45.2 (SD = 10.6), significantly lower than the norm of 50 (P < .0001). Associated child factors included current car problems (P = .079), muscle/bone problems (P = .004), > 4 episodes of illness in past year (P = .016), and higher scores on the DBC (P < .0001). Conclusions The most important predictors of maternal health were children's behavioral difficulties, everyday functioning and current health status. Mothers of children with Down syndrome appear to experience poorer mental health and may require greater support and services to improve behavior management skills for their child and their own psychological well-being. C1 [Bourke, Jenny; Bebbington, Ami; Alberti, Karina; Jacoby, Peter; Dyke, Paula; Bower, Carol; Leonard, Helen] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Ricciardo, Bernadette] Princess Margaret Hosp Children, Perth, WA, Australia. [Msall, Michael] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Kennedy Mental Retardat Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Msall, Michael] Comer Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev & Behav Pediat, Chicago, IL USA. [Msall, Michael] La Rabida Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Leonard, H (reprint author), Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, POB 855, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. RI Leonard, Helen/A-1010-2013 OI Leonard, Helen/0000-0001-6405-5834 FU National Institutes of Health [5 R01 HD43100-04]; NHMRC [353514, 353628] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health (5 R01 HD43100-04) and NHMRC program grant 353514, and CB by NHMRC Fellowship 353628. CR Abbeduto L, 2004, AM J MENT RETARD, V109, P237, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2 Avery J DGE, 2004, QUALITY LIFE S AUSTR Baker BL, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P575, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x Bittles AH, 2007, EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH, V17, P221, DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckl103 Boyce G., 1991, COUNS PSYCHOL, V4, P273, DOI 10.1080/09515079108254436 Douma JCH, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P570, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00825.x Einfeld S. L., 2002, MANUAL DEV BEHAV CHE Einfeld SL, 1996, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V40, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00611.x EINFELD SL, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P81, DOI 10.1007/BF02178498 Eisenhower AS, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x Emerson E, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P862, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00900.x Glidden LM, 2003, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V47, P250, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00487.x Gray KM, 2004, CURR OPIN PSYCHIATR, V17, P365, DOI 10.1097/01.yco.0000139971.60436.3c Hassall R, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P405, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x Hauser-Cram P., 2001, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V66, P115 Hauser-Cram P, 2001, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V66, P1, DOI 10.1111/1540-5834.00151 King G, 1999, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V24, P41, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/24.1.41 Laurvick CL, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE1152, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-0439 Leonard S, 2002, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V38, P160, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00736.x Mackey Sandra, 2006, J Intellect Disabil, V10, P305, DOI 10.1177/1744629506070055 Manuel J, 2003, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V28, P197, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsg007 Montes G, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V119, pE1040, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-2819 Most DE, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P501, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00796 NEZU CM, 1992, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY PERS Petterson B, 2005, ANN HUM BIOL, V32, P237, DOI 10.1080/03014460500075035 Raina P, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V115, pE626, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1689 Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Sanderson K, 2002, AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL, V26, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00182.x SLOPER P, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P167, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00978.x StataCorp, 2003, STAT STAT SOFTW REL TAYLOR A, 2002, COLLABORATIVE HLTH W Waddington S R, 1992, Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr, V118, P293 WALLANDER JL, 1990, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V58, P818, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.818 Ware J, 2002, SCORE VERSION 2 SF 1 World Health Organization, 2001, ICF INT CLASS FUNCT NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.047 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 348JV UT WOS:000259207700007 PM 18534233 ER PT J AU Roza, SJ Govaert, PP Lequin, MH Jaddoe, VWV Moll, HA Steegers, EAP Hofman, A Verhulst, FC Tiemeier, H AF Roza, Sabine J. Govaert, Paul P. Lequin, Maarten H. Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. Moll, Henriette A. Steegers, Eric A. P. Hofman, Albert Verhulst, Frank C. Tiemeier, Henning TI Cerebral ventricular volume and temperamental difficulties in infancy. The generation R study SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attention deficit and disruptive behaviour disorders; fetal development; child development ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; CHILD AB Background: Numerous studies have provided evidence for subtle deviations in brain morphology in children with psychiatric disorders, but much less is known about the onset and developmental trajectory of these deviations early in life. We sought to determine whether variances in cerebral ventricular size in fetuses and newborns are associated with temperamental difficulties in infants. Methods: Within a population-based cohort study, we measured the size of the lateral ventricle of the fetus' brain twice during pregnancy. We used 3-dimensional cranial ultrasound to measure the cerebral ventricular volume of infants at age 6 weeks. We then related the size of the cerebral ventricular system to temperamental dimensions at age 3 months using the Mother and Baby Scales, and at age 6 months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire for a total of 1028 infants. Results: The size of the lateral ventricle of the fetuses in mid-pregnancy was not related to temperamental difficulties in infants; however, smaller lateral ventricles in late pregnancy were associated with higher activity levels at the age of 6 months. Infants with smaller ventricular volumes at age 6 weeks experienced higher activity levels, more anger or irritability and poorer orienting later in infancy. Children with the lowest ventricular volumes scored on average 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.06-0.23, p = 0.001) points higher (23%) on activity levels than children with the highest ventricular volumes. Conclusion: Variations in ventricular size before and shortly after birth are associated with temperamental difficulties. Some of the morphologic differences between children with and without psychiatric disorders may develop very early in life. C1 [Roza, Sabine J.; Verhulst, Frank C.; Tiemeier, Henning] Erasmus MC, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Hofman, Albert; Tiemeier, Henning] Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Steegers, Eric A. P.] Erasmus MC, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Govaert, Paul P.; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.; Moll, Henriette A.] Erasmus MC, Dept Pediat, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Roza, Sabine J.; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.] Erasmus MC, Generat R Study Grp, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Lequin, Maarten H.] Erasmus MC, Dept Radiol, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Tiemeier, H (reprint author), Erasmus MC, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, POB 2060, NL-3000 CB Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl FU Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development [10.000.1003] FX The Generation R Study is conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam ill close collaboration with the Faculty Of Social Sciences Of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area, the Rotterdam Homecare Foundation and the Stichting Trombosedienst & Artsenlabortorium Rijnmond (STAR), Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of general practitioners, hospitals, mid-wives and pharmacies ill Rotterdam. The first phase of the Generation R Study is made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw). This study was supported by an additional grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, 'Geestkraht' programme 10.000.1003). 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Yildirim, Gonca Bercin TI A Study of the Relationships and Acknowledgement of Non-Disabled Children with Disabled Siblings SO KURAM VE UYGULAMADA EGITIM BILIMLERI LA English DT Article DE Sibling Relations; Relations with Handicap Sibling; Attitudes Tended to Handicap Child ID CHILDHOOD AB This study investigated the relationships of healthy children with their handicap siblings and analyzed their acceptance of the siblings. The study was conducted in 16 different special education and rehabilitation centers in Ankara. Two hundred twenty eight healthy children between the ages of 10 to 17 years voluntarily participated in the investigation. All participating children had siblings diagnosed with one of the six disabilities: Learning disability (LD), mental retardation (MR), cerebral palsy (CP), mental-motor retardation (MMR), Down syndrome (DS), or autism (A). The attitudes of the healthy children towards their handicap siblings (EKYTO) and towards other handicap people (EBYTO) were studied. Results show that healthy children dispay positive attitudes towards their own handicap siblings whereas less positive attitudes towards other handicapped people. The investigation takes into consideration diagnosis and degree of the handicap. In general, it is observed that the healthy children's attitudes towards their handicap sibling are clearly changing according to diagnosis and level of handicap whereas the same factors do not make any difference in terms of attitudes towards other handicapped people. C1 [Aksoy, Ayse B.] Gazi Univ, Fac Vocat Educ, Main Discipline Children Dev & Educ, Ankara, Turkey. RP Aksoy, AB (reprint author), Gazi Univ, Fac Vocat Educ, Main Discipline Children Dev & Educ, Ankara, Turkey. 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A closer look at a possible link SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT MISCARRIAGES; REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; HOMOCYSTEINE; OUTCOMES; WOMEN AB The inverse association between maternal folate status and incidence of infants born with neural tube defects (NTD's) was recognized over twenty years ago and led the US health agencies in the early 1990s to recommend that women of childbearing age consume 400 mu g of folic acid each day. The FDA followed by mandating that certain foods be fortified with folic acid and this has resulted in a significant enhancement of maternal folate status to levels that are often difficult to otherwise achieve naturally. At Least one study indicates that this has decreased the incidence of NTD's. However, this same time period directly coincides with what many feet is the apparent beginning and continuous increase in the prevalence of Autism and related Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD's) in the US. Are these similar time frames of changes in maternal folate status and possible Autism prevalence a random event or has improved maternal (and fetal) folate status during pregnancy played a role? It is not only plausible but highly likely. A particular polymorphic form to a key enzyme required to activate folate for methylation in neurodevelopment, 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), demonstrates reduced activity under low or normal folate Levels but normal activity under conditions of higher folate nutritional status. A consequence of the presence of the polymorphic form of this enzyme during normal or reduced folate status are higher plasma homocysteine levels than noncarriers and the combination of these factors have been shown in several studies to result in an increase rate of miscarriage via thrombotic events. However, the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia in the presence of the polymorphism is reduced under the common condition of enhanced folate status and thereby masks the latent adverse effects of the presence of this enzyme form during pregnancy. Of great importance is that this polymorphism, although common in the normal population, is found in significantly higher frequency in Autisic individuals. It is hypothesized here that the enhancement of maternal folate status before and during pregnancy in the last 15 years has altered natural selection by increasing survival rates during pregnancy of infants possessing the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, via reduction in hyperhomocysteinemia associated with this genotype and thereby miscarriage rates. This also points directly to an increased rate of births of infants with higher postnatal requirements for folic acid needed for normal methylation during this critical neurodevelopmental period. If these numbers have increased then so have the absolute number of infants that after birth fait to maintain the higher folate status experienced in utero thus leading to an increased number of cases of developmental disorders such as Autism. Detection of the C677T polymorphism as well as other methionine cycle enzymes related to folate metabolism and methylation at birth as part of newborn screening programs could determine which newborns need be monitored and maintained on diets or supplements that ensure adequate folate status during this critical postnatal neurodevelopment period. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Rogers, EJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, 3 Solomont Way,Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. 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Thier, Peter TI The posterior superior temporal sulcus is involved in social communication not specific for the eyes SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); social cognition; social attention; gaze following; temporal lobe ID BIOLOGICAL MOTION PERCEPTION; JOINT ATTENTION; GAZE DIRECTION; AUTISM; CORTEX; CUES; SENSITIVITY; MOVEMENTS; NEURONS; CELLS AB Neuroimaging and lesion studies suggest that the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region is involved in eye gaze processing. Hence, the STS region is suggested to be the location of the "eye-direction detector", a key element in the "mindreading model" proposed by Baron-Cohen [Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge: The MIT Press]. Not only the eyes, but also a pointing finger of another person can inform us about the direction of attention of the other one. In an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, healthy human subjects actively followed a directional cue provided either by the eyes or. alternatively, the pointing finger of another person to make an eye movement toward an object in space. Our results show clearly that the posterior STS region is equally involved in processing directional information from either source. The only difference between the two cues was found in the lingual gyrus, in which a stronger blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response was observed during the finger pointing compared to the gaze following task. We suggest that different structures might be involved in the initial processing of directional information coming from the eyes or the pointing finger. These different streams of information may then converge in the posterior STS region, orchestrating the usage of a wider range of socially relevant directional cues able to inform us about the direction of attention and the intentions of another person. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Materna, Simone; Dicke, Peter W.; Thier, Peter] Univ Tubingen, Dept Cognit Neurol, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Tubingen, Germany. RP Materna, S (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Cognit Neurol, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Tubingen, Germany. EM simone.kamphuis@uni-tuebingen.de; thier@uni-tuebingen.de FU European Union; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01 GA0503] FX This work was supported by the European Union research program 'PERACT and a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 01 GA0503). 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Johnston, Patrick J. Herring, Sally E. Hoy, Kate E. Fitzgerald, Paul B. TI Mirror neuron activation is associated with facial emotion processing SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE mirror neurons; premotor cortex; facial emotion processing; facial cognition; transcranial magnetic stimulation ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MOTOR FACILITATION; SOCIAL COGNITION; SYSTEM; EMPATHY; EXPRESSIONS; DYSFUNCTION; MIMICRY; OTHERS; RECOGNITION AB Theoretical accounts suggest that mirror neurons play a crucial role in social cognition. The current study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the association between mirror neuron activation and facial emotion processing, a fundamental aspect of social cognition, among healthy adults (n = 20). Facial emotion processing of static (but not dynamic) images correlated significantly with an enhanced motor response, proposed to reflect mirror neuron activation. 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Hancock, Peter J. B. TI Viewing it differently: Social scene perception in Williams syndrome and Autism SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE eye-tracking; Williams syndrome; autism; social cognition ID REAL-WORLD SCENES; FACE; CHILDREN; HYPERSOCIABILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREDICTORS; ATTENTION; FIXATION; PATTERNS; THREAT AB The genetic disorder Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with a propulsion towards social stimuli and interactions with people. In contrast, the neuro-developmental disorder autism is characterised by social withdrawal and lack of interest in socially relevant information. Using eye-tracking techniques we investigate how individuals with these two neuro-developmental disorders associated with distinct social characteristics view scenes containing people. The way individuals with these disorders view social stimuli may impact upon successful social interactions and communication. Whilst individuals with autism spend less time than is typical viewing people and faces in static pictures of social interactions, the opposite is apparent for those with WS whereby exaggerated fixations are prevalent towards the eyes. The results suggest more attention should be drawn towards understanding the implications of atypical social preferences in WS, in the same way that attention has been drawn to the social deficits associated with autism. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Riby, Deborah M.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hancock, Peter J. B.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Riby, DM (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Psychol, Ridley Bldg 1,Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM D.M.Riby@newcastle.ac.uk RI Hancock, Peter/A-4633-2009 OI Hancock, Peter/0000-0001-6025-7068 FU Economic and Social Research Council [R000222030] FX This research was entirely supported by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (R000222030)to PJBH and DMR. 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Howard, James H., Jr. Gilotty, Lisa Kenworthy, Lauren Gaillard, William D. Vaidya, Chandan J. TI Intact implicit learning of spatial context and temporal sequences in childhood autism spectrum disorder SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frontostriatal circuits; medial temporal lobes; spatial attention; sequence learning; developmental disorders ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; CENTRAL COHERENCE; MEMORY; CHILDREN; BRAIN; ADOLESCENTS; HIPPOCAMPUS; EXPLICIT AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by atypicalities in domains that are posited to rely on implicit learning processes Such as social communication, language, and motor behavior. The authors examined 2 forms of implicit learning in 14 children with high-functioning ASD (10 of whom were diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome) and 14 control children, learning of spatial context known to be mediated by the medial temporal lobes (using the contextual cueing task) and of sequences known to be mediated by frontal-striatal and frontal-cerebellar circuits (using the alternating serial reaction time task). Both forms of learning were unimpaired in ASD. Spatial contextual implicit learning was spared in ASD despite slower visual search of spatial displays. The present findings provide evidence for the integrity of learning processes dependent on integration of spatial and sequential contextual information in high-functioning children with ASD. C1 [Barnes, Kelly Anne; Howard, Darlene V.; Vaidya, Chandan J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Howard, James H., Jr.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Howard, James H., Jr.; Gaillard, William D.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Gilotty, Lisa; Kenworthy, Lauren; Gaillard, William D.; Vaidya, Chandan J.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Barnes, KA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, 306L White Gravenor, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM kab69@georgetown.edu FU Georgetown University; National Alliance for Autism Research; National Institute of Mental Health [MH 065395, NIA R37AG15450]; Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation FX Funding support came from Georgetown University, National Alliance for Autism Research, National Institute of Mental Health Grants MH 065395, NIA R37AG15450, and the Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation. We thank Jennifer Foss-Feig and Margaret Benner for assistance with data collection, and Sunbin Song and Marvin Chun for providing the ASRT and CC tasks, respectively. Lisa Gilotty is now with the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institutes of Health. 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This study evaluated the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and polymorphisms of PTGS2 (the gene encoding Cox-2) with 151 Korean family trios including children with ASDs. We found that the A allele of rs2745557 was preferentially transmitted in ASDs (p < 0.01) and that the GAAA haplotype was significantly associated with ASDs (p < 0.01). We also observed statistically significant associations between each genotype and the specific symptom domain scores of ADOS and ADI-R, including communication, qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interaction, and overactivity/agitation. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. C1 [Kim, Soon Ae] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Taejon 301832, South Korea. [Yoo, Hee Jeong; Cho, Eunchung] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Songnam, Kyeonggi, South Korea. [Cho, In Hee] Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Gil Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Inchon, South Korea. [Park, Mira] Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Taejon 301832, South Korea. [Cho, Soo Churl; Kim, Bung Nyun; Kim, Jae Won] Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Seoul 110744, South Korea. RP Kim, SA (reprint author), Eulji Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, 143-5 Youngdu Dong, Taejon 301832, South Korea. EM sakim@eulji.ac.kr RI Kim, Jae Won/J-5430-2012; Kim, Boong Nyun/J-5397-2012; Cho, Soo Churl/J-5667-2012; Yoo, Hee Jeong/J-5555-2012 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2006-311-E00266]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [R14-2003-002-01001-0]; Gachon University of Medicine and Science FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2006-311-E00266). Mira Park was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (R14-2003-002-01001-0). In Hee Cho was supported by a Grant for Young Scientists funded by the Gachon University of Medicine and Science. 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Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.neures.2008.05.008 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 342XT UT WOS:000258817600010 PM 18579107 ER PT J AU Doja, A AF Doja, Asif TI Genetics and the myth of vaccine encephalopathy SO PAEDIATRICS & CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; AUTISM; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATIONS; PERTUSSIS; SEIZURES; RECEIPT; RUBELLA; MEASLES; MUMPS C1 Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Div Neurol, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. RP Doja, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Div Neurol, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. EM adoja@cheo.on.ca CR Bardenheier B, 2004, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V158, P569, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.158.6.569 Barlow WE, 2001, NEW ENGL J MED, V345, P656, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa003077 Berkovic SF, 2006, LANCET NEUROL, V5, P488, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70446-X Brown NJ, 2007, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V20, P181, DOI 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3280555160 Claes L, 2001, AM J HUM GENET, V68, P1327, DOI 10.1086/320609 Doja A, 2006, CAN J NEUROL SCI, V33, P341 Flanagan-Klygis EA, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P929, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.10.929 Gellin BG, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V106, P1097, DOI 10.1542/peds.106.5.1097 HARRIS G, DEAL AUTISM CASE FUE Lerman-Sagie T, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P379, DOI 10.1177/088307380401900510 Manzi B, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P307, DOI 10.1177/0883073807308698 Offit PA, 2008, NEW ENGL J MED, V358, P2089, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp0802904 Poling JS, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P170, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00032 *PUBL HLTH AG CAN, 2006, CAN NAT REP IMM *PUBL HLTH AG CAN, DIS INF MEASL Smith PJ, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114, P187, DOI 10.1542/peds.114.1.187 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PULSUS GROUP INC PI OAKVILLE PA 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE, ONTARIO L6J 7L6, CANADA SN 1205-7088 J9 PAEDIATR CHILD HEALT JI Paediatr. Child Health PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 7 BP 597 EP 599 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 352YB UT WOS:000259532200004 PM 19436557 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Sheller, B Mancl, L Williams, BJ AF Marshall, Jennifer Sheller, Barbara Mancl, Lloyd Williams, Bryan J. TI Parental Attitudes Regarding Behavior Guidance of Dental Patients with Autism SO PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY; BEHAVIOR GUIDANCE; PARENTAL ATTITUDES; AUTISM AB Purposes: The purposes of this study were to evaluate: (1) parents' ability to predict dental treatment cooperation by their autistic child; (2) behavior guidance techniques (BGTs) used during treatment; and (3) parental attitudes regarding basic and advanced BGTs. Methods: Data were collected from 85 parent/autistic child pairs and their dentists using surveys and treatment records. Results: Parents most accurately predicted If their child would permit an examination in the dental choir (>= 88%) and would cooperate for radiographs (>= 84%). BGTs utilized most often (>50%) were positive verbal reinforcement (PVR), tell-show-do (TSD), mouthprops, and rewards. In general, basic BGTs were more acceptable (>81%) than advanced BGTs (>54%). The most acceptable techniques (>90%) in order were: PVR, TSD, distraction, rewards, general anesthesia, hand-holding by parent, and mouthprops. When parents evaluated only BGTs used for their child, all BGTs, including a stabilization device, were highly acceptable (>91%), except for staff restraint (74%). Conclusions: Parents were accurate in predicting cooperation for some procedures. The most acceptable and efficacious BGTs in order were: PVR, TSD, distraction, rewords, and hand-holding by parent. Parental perceptions of BGTs were influenced by whether or not they had been used for their child. (Pediatr Dent 2008;30:400-7) Received June 22, 2007 / Last Revision October 10, 2007 / Revision Accepted October 15, 2007 C1 [Sheller, Barbara] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Dent Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Mancl, Lloyd] Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mammelon@hotmail.com CR *AAPD, GUID US AN CAR PROV *AAPD, GUID BEH GUID PED DE Adair SM, 2004, PEDIATR DENT, V26, P167 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Arnrup K, 2002, EUR J ORAL SCI, V110, P75, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.11190.x Barbaresi WJ, 2006, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V160, P1167, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1167 Braff M., 1979, J DENT CHILD, V46, P404 Brandes D A, 1995, Spec Care Dentist, V15, P119, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00493.x BRILL WA, 2002, J DENT CHILD, V69, P310 Bross DC, 2004, PEDIATR DENT, V26, P125 Carr Kimberly R., 1999, Pediatric Dentistry, V21, P347 CORAH NL, 1978, J AM DENT ASSOC, V97, P816 CORAH NL, 1969, J DENT RES, V48, P596, DOI 10.1177/00220345690480041801 Davila J M, 1988, Spec Care Dentist, V8, P58, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1988.tb00692.x DAWSON G, 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P7 Eaton JJ, 2005, PEDIATR DENT, V27, P107 elBadrawy H E, 1986, Pediatr Dent, V8, P206 FIELDS H W JR, 1984, Pediatric Dentistry, V6, P199 FRANKEL R I, 1991, Pediatric Dentistry, V13, P284 Havelka C, 1992, Pediatr Dent, V14, P376 Hulland S, 2000, Spec Care Dentist, V20, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2000.tb01149.x Kamen S, 1985, Spec Care Dentist, V5, P20, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1985.tb00928.x Kientz MA, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P530 Klein Ulrich, 1998, Pediatric Dentistry, V20, P312 Kupietzky A, 2005, PEDIATR DENT, V27, P380 LAWERENCE SM, 1991, PEDIAT DENT, V13, P151 Lindemann R, 1983, Spec Care Dentist, V3, P72, DOI 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1983.tb01312.x LOWE O, 1998, SPEC CARE DENT, V8, P58 Manning-Courtney Patricia, 2003, Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, V33, P283, DOI 10.1016/S1538-5442(03)00108-1 Marshall J, 2007, PEDIATR DENT, V29, P369 MORGAN SB, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P263, DOI 10.1007/BF02211952 MURPHY M G, 1984, Pediatric Dentistry, V6, P193 Peretz B, 1999, Pediatr Dent, V21, P201 Peretz B, 2002, Int J Paediatr Dent, V12, P392, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-263X.2002.00395.x Scott S, 1998, J DENT CHILD, V65, P128 Thomas A., 1999, GOODNESS FIT CLIN AP *US BUR CENS, CENS 2000 DAT STAT W NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVENUE SUITE 1036, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2616 USA SN 0164-1263 J9 PEDIATR DENT JI Pediatr. Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 400 EP 407 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA V13JR UT WOS:000207663600005 PM 18942599 ER PT J AU Kuwaik, G Roberts, W Brian, J Bryson, S Smith, IM Szatmari, P Zwaigenbaum, L AF Kuwaik, Ghassan Roberts, Wendy Brian, Jessica Bryson, Susan Smith, Isabel M. Szatmari, Peter Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie TI Immunization uptake in siblings of children with autism SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Kuwaik, Ghassan] Bloorview Kids Rehab, Child Dev Program, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. [Kuwaik, Ghassan; Roberts, Wendy; Brian, Jessica] Hosp Sick Children, Autism Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Roberts, Wendy] Univ Toronto, Dept Pediat, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Bryson, Susan; Smith, Isabel M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax B3K 6R8, NS, Canada. [Bryson, Susan; Smith, Isabel M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychol, Halifax B3K 6R8, NS, Canada. [Bryson, Susan; Smith, Isabel M.] IWK Hlth Ctr, Toronto M4G 1R8, ON, Canada. [Szatmari, Peter] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Glenrose Rehabil Hosp, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada. RP Kuwaik, G (reprint author), Bloorview Kids Rehab, Child Dev Program, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. CR SMITH MJ, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121 *TOR PUBL HLTH, MEASL CONT CIRC GREA *WHO UN CHILDR FUN, REV NAT IMM COV 1980 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 684 EP 685 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1624 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 342ZR UT WOS:000258822600044 PM 18762548 ER PT J AU Smith, MJ Ellenberg, SS Bell, LM Rubin, DM AF Smith, Michael J. Ellenberg, Susan S. Bell, Louis M. Rubin, David M. TI Immunization uptake in siblings of children with autism - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID PARENTS C1 [Smith, Michael J.] Univ Louisville, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. [Ellenberg, Susan S.; Rubin, David M.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bell, Louis M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bell, Louis M.; Rubin, David M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Smith, MJ (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Louisville, KY 40205 USA. CR Gellin BG, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V106, P1097, DOI 10.1542/peds.106.5.1097 Salmon DA, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P470, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.5.470 SMITH MJ, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121 Woo EJ, 2004, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V94, P990, DOI 10.2105/AJPH.94.6.990 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 685 EP 686 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1957 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 342ZR UT WOS:000258822600045 ER PT J AU Cukier, HN Perez, AM Collins, AL Zhou, ZL Zoghbi, HY Botas, J AF Cukier, Holly N. Perez, Alma M. Collins, Ann L. Zhou, Zhaolan Zoghbi, Huda Y. Botas, Juan TI Genetic Modifiers of MeCP2 Function in Drosophila SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE MENTAL-RETARDATION; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; RETT-SYNDROME BRAIN; METHYL-CPG; DNA METHYLATION; NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS; SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; UBE3A EXPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL AB The levels of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) are critical for normal post-natal development and function of the nervous system. Loss of function of MeCP2, a transcriptional regulator involved in chromatin remodeling, causes classic Rett syndrome (RTT) as well as other related conditions characterized by autism, learning disabilities, or mental retardation. Increased dosage of MeCP2 also leads to clinically similar neurological disorders and mental retardation. To identify molecular mechanisms capable of compensating for altered MeCP2 levels, we generated transgenic Drosophila overexpressing human MeCP2. We find that MeCP2 associates with chromatin and is phosphorylated at serine 423 in Drosophila, as is found in mammals. MeCP2 overexpression leads to anatomical (i.e., disorganized eyes, ectopic wing veins) and behavioral (i.e., motor dysfunction) abnormalities. We used a candidate gene approach to identify genes that are able to compensate for abnormal phenotypes caused by MeCP2 increased activity. These genetic modifiers include other chromatin remodeling genes (Additional sex combs, corto, osa, Sex combs on midleg, and trithorax), the kinase tricornered, the UBE3A target pebble, and Drosophila homologues of the MeCP2 physical interactors Sin3a, REST, and N-CoR. These findings demonstrate that anatomical and behavioral phenotypes caused by MeCP2 activity can be ameliorated by altering other factors that might be more amenable to manipulation than MeCP2 itself. C1 [Cukier, Holly N.; Perez, Alma M.; Collins, Ann L.; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zhou, Zhaolan] Childrens Hosp, Neurobiol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zhou, Zhaolan] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zhou, Zhaolan] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Botas, Juan] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cukier, HN (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jbotas@bcm.edu FU Rett Syndrome Research Foundation; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1 F31 GM067501-01A1]; National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS042179, NS057819]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD024064] FX This work was supported by a G.E.A.R. award from the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation to JB, and by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences predoctoral fellowship to HNC (1 F31 GM067501-01A1), National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke grants to JB (NS042179) and to HYZ. (NS057819), and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant to the Baylor College of Medicine Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (HD024064). HYZ is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 4 IS 9 AR e1000179 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000179 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 365MR UT WOS:000260411200030 PM 18773074 ER PT J AU Da Fonseca, D Viellard, M Fakra, E Bastard-Rosset, D Deruelle, C Poinso, F AF Da Fonseca, David Viellard, Marine Fakra, Eric Bastard-Rosset, Delphine Deruelle, Christine Poinso, Francois TI Schizophrenia or Asperger syndrome? SO PRESSE MEDICALE LA French DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; CLASSIFICATION; CHILDREN AB Patients with Asperger syndrome ore often diagnosed late or ore wrongly considered to hove schizophrenia. Misdiagnosing Asperger syndrome creates serious problems by preventing effective therapy. Several clinical signs described in Asperger syndrome could also be considered as clinical signs of schizophrenia, including impaired social interactions, disabilities in communication, restricted interests, and delusions of persecution. A number of clinical features may facilitate the differential diagnosis: younger age at onset, family history of pervasive developmental disorder, recurring conversations on the some topic, pragmatic aspects of language use, oddities of intonation and pitch, lock of imagination, and incomprehension of social rules are more characteristic of Asperger syndrome. Accurate distinction between Asperger syndrome and schizophrenia would make it possible to offer more treatment appropriate to the patient's functioning. C1 [Da Fonseca, David; Viellard, Marine; Bastard-Rosset, Delphine; Poinso, Francois] Hop St Marguerite, Serv Pedopsychiat, Ctr Ressources Autisme PACA, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Da Fonseca, David; Bastard-Rosset, Delphine; Deruelle, Christine; Poinso, Francois] CNRS, UMR 6193, Inst Neurosci Cognit Mediterranee, F-13000 Marseille, France. [Da Fonseca, David; Bastard-Rosset, Delphine; Deruelle, Christine; Poinso, Francois] Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13000 Marseille, France. [Fakra, Eric] Hop St Marguerite, F-13009 Marseille, France. RP Da Fonseca, D (reprint author), 270 Blvd St Marguerite, F-13009 Marseille, France. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1268 EP 1273 DI 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.01.020 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356YP UT WOS:000259813800014 PM 18417316 ER PT J AU Davis, E Saeed, SA Antonacci, DJ AF Davis, Ervin Saeed, Sy Atezaz Antonacci, Diana J. TI Anxiety disorders in persons with developmental disabilities: Empirically informed diagnosis and treatment - Reviews literature on anxiety disorders in DD population with practical take-home messages for the clinician SO PSYCHIATRIC QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE developmental disability; anxiety; diagnosis; treatment ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEVERE MENTAL-RETARDATION; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; AUTISTIC DISORDER; RETARDED ADULTS; NORMAL-CHILDREN; DUAL DIAGNOSIS AB Anxiety disorders are common in individuals with developmental disabilities (DDs), although they may not be diagnosed and treated as often as they are in patients without DDs. Patients with mental retardation, autism, and other pervasive developmental disorders may exhibit comorbid anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, and other anxiety symptoms at much higher rates than in the general population, but identification of these comorbid anxiety disorders may be made more difficult by the presence of the DD and concurrent difficulties with communication, other behavior problems, the lack of standardized assessments specific to diagnosing patients with DDs and psychiatric comorbidities, and the need for greater collateral sources of assessment information. In addition, systematic study of the treatment of anxiety in patients with DD is limited to a relatively small number of empirical studies done specifically in these patients along with case reports and theoretical reviews on the extension and modification of more well-studied treatments used for anxiety in patients without DDs. The present article reviews the literature on the prevalence, features, assessment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders in individuals with DDs, and also reviews empirical studies of pharmacological and psychological treatment of patients with comorbid anxiety and DD and summarizes the findings. Recommendations are made to guide treatment and further research in this area. C1 [Davis, Ervin] E Carolina Univ, Dept Psychol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Saeed, Sy Atezaz; Antonacci, Diana J.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Psychiat Med, Brody Sch Med, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Davis, E (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Psychol, Rawl Bldg, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. 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Q. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s11126-008-9081-3 PG 15 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 346QR UT WOS:000259084600007 PM 18726156 ER PT J AU Lahuis, BE Durston, S Nederveen, H Zeegers, M Palmen, SJMC Van Engeland, H AF Lahuis, B. E. Durston, S. Nederveen, H. Zeegers, M. Palmen, S. J. M. C. Van Engeland, H. TI MRI-based morphometry in children with multiple complex developmental disorder, a phenotypically defined subtype of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autism; MCDD; MRI; PPD-NOS ID AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BORDERLINE SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; BRAIN; CHILDHOOD; CLASSIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VOLUME AB Background. The DSM-IV-R classification Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) is based on the symptoms for autism and includes a wide variety of phenotypes that do not meet full criteria for autism. As such, PDD-NOS is a broad and poorly defined residual category of the autism spectrum disorders. In order to address the heterogeneity in this residual category it may be helpful to define clinical and neurobiological subtypes. Multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD) may constitute such a subtype. In order to study the neurobiological specificity of MCDD in comparison with other autism spectrum disorders, we investigated brain morphology in children (age 7-15 years) with MCDD compared to children with autism and typically developing controls. Method. Structural MRI measures were compared between 22 high-functioning subjects with MCDD and 21 high-functioning subjects with autism, and 21 matched controls. Results. Subjects with MCDD showed an enlarged cerebellum and a trend towards larger grey-matter volume compared to control subjects. Compared to subjects with autism, subjects with MCDD had smaller intracranial volume. Conclusions. We report a pattern of volumetric changes in the brains of subjects with MCDD, similar to that seen in autism. However, no enlargement in head size was found. This suggests that although some of the neurobiological changes associated with MCDD overlap with those in autism, others do not. These neurobiological changes may reflect differences in the developmental trajectories associated with these two subtypes of autism spectrum disorders. C1 Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Lahuis, BE (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, B 01201,POB 85500, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM b.e.lahuis@umcutrecht.nl FU Korczak Foundation FX The authors acknowledge Rutger Jan van der Gaag, Margreet Scherpenisse, and Jacqueline Jansen, for their contribution to subject recruitment and screening. Research support was provided by the Korczak Foundation. 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Med. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1361 EP 1367 DI 10.1017/S0033291707001481 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 344FF UT WOS:000258911400015 PM 17825125 ER PT J AU Santaella, ML Varela, Y Linares, N Disdier, OM AF Santaella, Maria L. Varela, Yessica Linares, Nicolas Disdier, Orville M. TI Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in relatives of patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency SO PUERTO RICO HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autism; autism specitrum disorders; selective; IgA deficiency ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; PROTEIN AB Background: An association of selective IgA (immunoglobulin A) deficiency in individuals with autism has been previously described. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and siblings of selective IgA deficient patients. Objective: to assess the likelihood of parents with the most common type of primary immunodeficiency (selective IgA deficiency) having children with ASD and to investigate the occurrence of ASD in siblings of the immunodeficient patients. Methods: A study was conducted in 31 selective IgA deficient patients and 62 age and gender-matched controls. Children and siblings of IgA deficient patients and controls were screened for an ASD (autism spectrum disorder) using a standard questionnaire. Results: Only one patient in the IgA deficient group had classical autism. Three children in that group (10.3%) had an ASD compared to only one in the control group (1.6%) and this difference was statistically significant. In terms of siblings, there was a higher occurrence of an ASD in the IgA deficient group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. A high incidence of allergies (71%) was documented in IgA deficient patients. All individuals with allergies had food sensitivities. There was a predominance of the male gender in cases identified with an ASD in all groups. Conclusions: A lower prevalence of ASD was observed in the IgA deficient group, as compared to other reports. The study suggests that screening for an ASD seems appropriate for children of IgA deficient patients. C1 [Santaella, Maria L.; Varela, Yessica; Linares, Nicolas] Univ Puerto Rico, FILIUS Inst, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. RP Santaella, ML (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, FILIUS Inst, 1187 Calle Flamboyan, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 349BX UT WOS:000259254900003 PM 18782963 ER PT J AU Friesen, E AF Friesen, Eric TI Oliver Sacks Interviewed SO QUEENS QUARTERLY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Dr Oliver Sacks was born in London to a family of physicians and scientists. He earned his medical degree at Oxford University, and has lived in New York since 1965. As a neurologist, he has written extensively on the struggles of human beings afflicted by Tourette's Syndrome, autism, parkinsonism, musical hallucination, Alzheimer's Disease, and many other conditions. His latest book examines the deep and complex relationship between music and the human brain. CBC Radio's Eric Friesen, host of Studio Sparks, recently interviewed him in Ottawa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU QUEENS QUARTERLY PI KINGSTON PA QUEENS UNIV, KINGSTON, ON K7L 3N6, CANADA SN 0033-6041 J9 QUEENS QUART JI Queens Q. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 115 IS 3 BP 443 EP 454 PG 12 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 372DF UT WOS:000260881200009 ER PT J AU Kliewer, C AF Kliewer, Christopher TI Joining the Literacy Flow: Fostering Symbol and Written Language Learning in Young Children With Significant Developmental Disabilities Through the Four Currents of Literacy SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE early childhood inclusion; literacy; severe disability ID MULTIPLE DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; EMERGENT LITERACY; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS; INSTRUCTION; AWARENESS; STUDENTS; AUTISM AB This article is both an ethnographic and an action-based description of how excellent early, childhood teachers in seven inclusive preschool and kindergarten classrooms fostered the developing literacy profiles of young children with significant developmental disabilities alongside their typically developing peers through active, engaging, social means. 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PD FAL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 103 EP 121 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 501ZH UT WOS:000270422900005 ER PT J AU Dukes, C Wade, D AF Dukes, Charles Wade, Dorett TI Autism & the Transition to Adulthood-Success Beyond the Classroom. SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review ID BEHAVIOR C1 [Dukes, Charles; Wade, Dorett] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Dukes, Charles; Wade, Dorett] Broward Cty Publ Sch, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Dukes, C (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. CR Carothers D. E., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P102, DOI 10.1177/10883576040190020501 Carr EG, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P4, DOI 10.1177/109830070200400102 Lovaas O. I., 2003, TEACHING INDIVIDUALS Maurice C., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTIONS Maurice C, 2001, MAKING DIFFERENCE BE SCHMITZ T, 2008, EXCEPTIONAL PARENT, V38, P37 Snell ME, 2005, RES PRACT PERS SEV D, V30, P11, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.30.1.11 Thoma CA, 2002, REM SPEC EDUC, V23, P82, DOI 10.1177/074193250202300204 WEHMAN P, AUTISM TRANSITION A Zhang D., 2005, CAREER DEV EXCEPTION, V28, P15 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TASH PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE, NW 7TH FLR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0274-9483 J9 RES PRACT PERS SEV D JI Res. Pract. Pers. Sev. Disabil. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 170 EP 171 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 501ZH UT WOS:000270422900016 ER PT J AU Peters-Scheffer, N Didden, R Green, VA Sigafoos, J Korzilius, H Pituch, K O'Reilly, MF Lancioni, G AF Peters-Scheffer, Nienke Didden, Robert Green, Vanessa A. Sigafoos, Jeff Korzilius, Hubert Pituch, Keenan O'Reilly, Mark F. Lancioni, Giulio TI The behavior flexibility rating scale-revised (BFRS-R): Factor analysis, internal consistency, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, and convergent validity SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE behavior flexibility rating scale-revised (BFRS-R); children with developmental disabilities; factor analysis; internal consistency; inter-rater reliability; intra-rater reliability; convergent validity ID AUTISM; DISORDERS AB We examined the psychometric properties of the behavior flexibility rating scale-revised (BFRS-R), a new scale intended for assessing behavioral flexibility in individuals with developmental disabilities. Seventy-six direct care staff members and 56 parents completed the BFRS-R for 70 children with developmental disabilities. Factor analysis revealed three factors (i.e., Flexibility towards objects, Flexibility towards the environment, and Flexibility towards persons) and results of several analyses indicated an excellent internal consistency and good intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the total scale. These data suggest that the BFRS-R may provide a reliable rating of behavioral flexibility when used by direct-care staff and parents of children with developmental disabilities. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peters-Scheffer, Nienke; Didden, Robert; Korzilius, Hubert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Green, Vanessa A.; Sigafoos, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Sch Educ, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Pituch, Keenan; O'Reilly, Mark F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, I-70121 Bari, Italy. RP Didden, R (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM R.Didden@pwo.ru.nl RI Peters-Scheffer, Nienke`/F-1012-2012 CR Cicchetti D. V., 1994, PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT, V6, P284, DOI [DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284, 10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284] Green V. A., 2007, AUTISM RES ADV, P63 Green V. A., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P230, DOI [10.1177/10883576060210040401, DOI 10.1177/10883576060210040401] Lewis MH, 1998, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V4, P80, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<80::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-0 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Pituch KA, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P55, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.07.005 PRIOR M, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P154, DOI 10.1007/BF01537990 Rutter M, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P231, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00676.x Wahlberg T, 2001, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P53 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.07.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 347QK UT WOS:000259155900002 PM 17826945 ER PT J AU Ben Itzchak, E Lahat, E Burgin, R Zachor, AD AF Ben Itzchak, Esther Lahat, Eliezer Burgin, Ruth Zachor, A. Ditza TI Cognitive, behavior and intervention outcome in young children with autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; developmental disabilities; cognition; ADOS; IQ ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AGE; IQ; PRESCHOOLERS; PREDICTORS; DIAGNOSIS; BIRTH AB The relations between cognition and autism severity, head size and intervention outcome, were examined. Change in cognitive level with intervention was measured in children with autism and compared to children with developmental disabilities (DD). Eighty-one children (mean age 25.9 months) with autism (n = 44) and DD (n = 37) were assessed at pre- and post I year of intervention. Cognitive abilities and autism severity were measured by standardized tests. Three pre-intervention cognitive level groups: normal (IQ > 90), borderline (70 < IQ < 89) and impaired (50 < IQ < 69) were examined. The impaired group had more severe autism symptoms than the borderline and the normal cognitive groups. However, following intervention the groups did not differ in the change in core autism symptoms. IQ scores increased significantly more in the autism group than in the DD group. IQ improvements correlated significantly with reduction in autism symptoms and mostly in stereotyped behaviors. Conclusions: Cognitive ability in autism is associated with autism severity. Two distinct subtypes based on cognitive level are identified. However, baseline cognitive level cannot predict the progress rate in autism symptoms with intervention. Improvement of social-communicative behaviors and the intensive intervention are related to significant cognitive increments in autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 [Ben Itzchak, Esther] Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, Univ Ctr Samaria, Dept Commun Disorders, Zerifin, Israel. [Lahat, Eliezer] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Med, Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Child Dev Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zachor, A. Ditza] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Med, Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ben Itzchak, E (reprint author), Asaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, Univ Ctr Samaria, Dept Commun Disorders, Zerifin, Israel. 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D., 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P304 NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.08.003 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 347QK UT WOS:000259155900007 PM 17923388 ER PT J AU Hsieh, HC AF Hsieh, Hsieh-Chun TI Effects of ordinary and adaptive toys on pre-school children with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE adaptive toys; early intervention; play; developmental disabilities; single-subject design ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PLAY; AUTISM AB Toys help children in mastering developmental tasks. This study investigated toy effect on children with developmental disabilities as they engage in using ordinary and adaptive toys. A single-subject design was used to identify the effects on their toy play abilities. Differences in toy effects between playing ordinary and adaptive toys were examined. Three special education teachers chose ordinary toys and modified ordinary toys. Modified ordinary toys, i.e., adaptive toys, were designed according to the individual disabilities of participating children, treatment goals, and the toy types. Three children with developmental disabilities from pre-schools in Taiwan were enrolled. Appropriate participation of three pre-schoolers increased dramatically in playing adaptive toys during intervention phase. The toy effects demonstrate that when using adaptive toys, children with developmental disabilities may response better during toy play sessions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Hsinchu Univ Educ, Dept Special Educ, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Hsieh, HC (reprint author), Natl Hsinchu Univ Educ, Dept Special Educ, 521 Nanda Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 29 IS 5 BP 459 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.08.004 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 347QK UT WOS:000259155900008 PM 17936580 ER PT J AU Gallup, GG Frederick, MJ Pipitone, RN AF Gallup, Gordon G., Jr. Frederick, Michael J. Pipitone, R. Nathan TI Morphology and behavior: Phrenology revisited SO REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluctuating asymmetry; facial attractiveness; body configuration; reproductive competition; evolution and behavior ID 4TH DIGIT RATIO; TO-HIP RATIO; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; FEMALE PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FINGER-LENGTH; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; COLLEGE SAMPLE AB Research conducted by evolutionary psychologists and biologists shows that Subtle individual differences in body morphology can be related to Surprising and important differences in human behavior and reproductive Success. The authors summarize recent work on these effects as they relate to fluctuating asymmetry, facial attractiveness, finger digit morphology, sexually dimorphic differences in body configuration, and head circumference. Examples include the discovery that women who have sex with bilaterally symmetrical men report more orgasms; men with attractive faces have higher quality sperm; the length of the index finger in relation to the ring finger is related to verbal fluency, spatial ability, and the risk of autism; women with all hourglass figure have more regular menstrual cycles and are more fertile; and the Sound of a person's voice predicts his or her sexual behavior. C1 [Gallup, Gordon G., Jr.; Frederick, Michael J.; Pipitone, R. Nathan] SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Gallup, GG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Psychol, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. 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Gen. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1037/1089-2680.12.3.297 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 343NS UT WOS:000258861400006 ER PT J AU Marteleto, MRF Menezes, CGDE Tamanaha, AC Chiari, BM Perissinoto, J AF Fumagalli Marteleto, Marcia Regina de Lima e Menezes, Camila Gioconda Tamanaha, Ana Carina Chiari, Brasilia Maria Perissinoto, Jacy TI Administration of the Autism Behavior Checklist: agreement between parents and professionals' observations in two intervention contexts SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; behavior; evaluation studies; questionnaires; reproducibility of results ID CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION; RELIABILITY; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTIONS; ADOLESCENT; DIAGNOSES; MOTHERS AB Objective: To determine the agreement between responses on the Autism Behavior Checklist by mothers and healthcare professionals. Method: Twenty-three mothers of children from the autism spectrum (DSM-IV-TR, 2002) were interviewed. The children were part of an educational program of the Autistic Friends Association-SP The healthcare professionals in charge of the children at the institution filled out a questionnaire regarding the method for observing behavior For comparison purposes, an additional 15 mothers of children from the autism spectrum were interviewed at the speech therapy clinic of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, and the speech therapists responsible for the children filled out the questionnaire on the observation method. The Kappa index was employed to obtain the frequency of agreement between mothers and healthcare professionals' observations on the overall Autism Behavior Checklist, as well as its individual components. The Student's t-test was used to assess differences or similarities between the Kappa results. Results: The agreement index was low for the total score, with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p < 0.001). Agreement was also low for each Autism Behavior Checklist components, but there was greater agreement in the group treated at the public service in the Language, Body and Use of Objects components (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was disagreement between the observations in both intervention contexts, but agreement was better at the public service than at Autistic Friends Association. C1 [Fumagalli Marteleto, Marcia Regina; de Lima e Menezes, Camila Gioconda] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fonoaudiol, Posgrad Program Human Commun Disorders, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Tamanaha, Ana Carina; Chiari, Brasilia Maria; Perissinoto, Jacy] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Speech & Language Therapy, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Marteleto, MRF (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fonoaudiol, Posgrad Program Human Commun Disorders, Rua Botucatu,802 Vila Clementino, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 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Bras. Psiquiatr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1590/S1516-44462008000300005 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 348FS UT WOS:000259197000006 PM 18833419 ER PT J AU Gomez, SL Torres, RMR Ares, EMT AF Lopez Gomez, Santiago Rivas Torres, Rosa Ma. Taboada Ares, Eva Ma. TI Detection of the perinatal maternal risks in the pervasive developmental disorders SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD); perinatal risk ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; NEONATAL FACTORS; COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; CALIFORNIA; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; MOTHERS AB Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) refer to a group of severe neuropsychologic alterations. Symptoms affect three development components: social-interaction skills, language and communication skills and a set of behaviours and activities that become restricted and stereotyped. PDDs include the following disorders: Autistic, Rett's, Infantile Disintegrative, Asperger's and Generalized Non-specific Development Disorder. Regarding to its unknown causes, several explanations have been gathered as a challenging task. They highlight the idea of generalised alterations in the Central Nervous System (CNS). However, the strongest thesis defines a multicausal etiology, with different factors associated to PDDs. Never the less, over the past few years, the review of problems associated with pregnancy and tabour have been stressed. This perspective is complemented by other elements that point towards genetic alterations and CNS deficits as causes behind PDD. It has been suggested that pregnancy, labour and even neonatal complications can act on different fronts: increasing the risk of autism or any other PDD, or interacting along with genetic determinants to increase the potential risk of a critical moment in the perinatal development process. The goal of this paper is to study the presence of perinatal risk in mothers of children with and without PDD. A total of 259 mothers took part in the study; 95 were used as an experimental group: they all hod a PDD-diagnosed. child, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria (68 had autistic disorder, six had Asperger's disorder, one had Rett's disorder and 19 had non-specific PDD). The remaining 165 women had children with a normal evolutive development and were selected as a control group. In order to collect information about perinatal risk, a Maternal Perinatal Risk Questionnaire (MPRQ) was used. This is a structured and specifically-designed autoreport that evaluates the presence or absence of 40 pregestational and perigestational risk factors annalysed from six perspectives: pregestational, perigestational, intrapartum, neonatal, psychosocial and sociodemographic. For every factor evaluated in the MPRQ, an analysis of the average scores and typical deviations was made, along with a frequency and percentage study. Furthermore, a comparative of the frequencies in the control and experimental groups was carried out for every MPRQ item. By means of descriptive analysis, both groups were classified according to the children's age and birth order, the mother's age during pregnancy, current parent's age and their educational and professional levels. When comparing the experimental group's frequencies to those of the control group in the pregestational stage, two significative items were found in Chi-square: the number of previous spontaneous abortions and the use of contraceptive methods. As a result, the control group had fewer spontaneous abortions than the experimental group (10.9% and 22.4% respectively). The use of contraceptive methods previous to pregnancy described the control group's superiority both for hormonal methods and intrauterine devices (IUD). The experimental group was defined by the absence of IUD and the scarce use of hormonal contraceptives (4.3%). In the perigestational dimension, the three significative items in Chi-square were: pharmacological consumption and presence of edema during pregnancy, and premature rupture of amniotic sac. Pharmacological consumption during pregnancy stresses the consumption of medicine or vitamines and iron in control group (81.2%), compared to the group of mothers of children with PDD (60.6%). The presence of gestational edema has been conclusively linked to the control group. As for the premature rupture of waters, a significantly higher presence of amniotic rupture was found in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the intrapartum dimension, the experimental group confirmed higher frequencies in situations that imply a higher perinatal risk such as: a very quick tabour or one lasting over 12 hours. In the neonatal dimension, the control group showed with higher percentages (87.9%), the absence of blue coloration-which would be indicative of cyanosis-, when compared to the experimental group (79.8%). The psycho-social dimension included two significant items: the desired gender for the newborn and the desired pregnancy. The desired gender item confirmed that situations of happiness about finding out the baby's gender were higher in the control group (68.4%) than in the experimental group. The desired pregnancy item proved that situations of desired pregnancy were higher in the control group (91.5%) compared to the experimental group (84.0%). Finally, in the socio-demographic dimension, two siginificative items were identified when comparing both groups: the mother's profession and the baby's gender. In one hand, regarding the mother's profession, it was observed that mothers of PDD children were mainly found within home enviroment (37.2%) or unqualfied worker categories (18.1%). On the other hand, in the control group, the mothers who adscribed to the qualified professional category was notably higher (33.3%). Regarding the child's gender, a higher risk is detected in males, at a proportion of 1 to 3. The results of this study showed that there are significative differences between PDD children who developed perinatal risks, compared to children who have a regular evolutive development. Children with PDD will thus show significant differences compared to non-PDD children: they have an unequal perinatal development and developed perinatal risks. Therefore, many risks are present in a higher measure in PDD children when compared to the control group. An innovative contribution is also made, by strongly suggesting that physical risks define the presence of perinatal risks in PDD. However, the psychosocial and sociodemographic dimensions must also be taken into account. C1 [Lopez Gomez, Santiago; Rivas Torres, Rosa Ma.; Taboada Ares, Eva Ma.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Psicol, Dpto Psicol Evolut & Educ, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. RP Torres, RMR (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Psicol, Dpto Psicol Evolut & Educ, Campus Sur, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. 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The current study investigated whether GFAP and CX43 expressions are affected by several commonly used psychotropic medications (clozapine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, lithium, olanzapine, and valproic acid). Using SDS-PAGE and western blotting technique, we observed that CX43 protein expression in prefrontal cortex was significantly increased following chronic treatment with fluoxetine and clozapine, while it was significantly decreased by haloperidol and lithium. GFAP protein expression was significantly decreased following chronic treatment with clozapine and valproic acid. These results suggest that astroglial markers GFAP and CX43 could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.; Reutiman, Teri J.; Pandian, Twinkle; Braun, Natalie N.; Haug, Kari] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Pandian, Twinkle] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM fatem002@umn.edu; folso013@umn.edu; reuti003@umn.edu; Pandian.Twinkle@mayo.edu; brau0291@umn.edu; haugx037@umn.edu FU Stanley Medical Research Institute [02R-232] FX Grant Support by Stanley Medical Research Institute (02R-232) to SHF is acknowledged. Additionally. we would like to acknowledge the kind gift of olanzapine from Eli Lilly and Company and provided by Dr. L. Jaton. We wish to thank L. Iversen for secretarial assistance. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 104 IS 1-3 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.029 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 357XE UT WOS:000259879700029 PM 18554872 ER PT J AU Clarke, CE AF Clarke, Christopher E. TI A question of balance - The autism-vaccine controversy in the British and American elite press SO SCIENCE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE vaccination; autism; media; ethics; risk communication ID ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISK COMMUNICATION; MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS; RUBELLA VACCINATION; NEWSPAPER COVERAGE; MMR VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; SCIENCE; MEASLES; MUMPS AB Although balance is a well-known and arguably important journalistic norm, how should journalists adhere to this norm when the bulk of scientific evidence clearly favors one (presumably accurate) perspective? Should balance be defined in terms of the quantity of information or the quality of viewpoints presented? 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Commun. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 77 EP 107 DI 10.1177/1075547008320262 PG 31 WC Communication SC Communication GA 336LC UT WOS:000258364300003 ER PT J AU Kayser, MA AF Kayser, Michael A. TI Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Neurodevelopmental and Neurobehavioral Disorders SO SEMINARS IN PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review AB In the past few years, there has been a veritable explosion in the discovery of "new" inborn errors of metabolism. These new conditions are involved in complex pathways of intermediary metabolism affecting processes heretofore unknown. The phenotypes of these new conditions are in many ways milder than the classically described metabolic disorders. Several of these conditions present as nonsyndromic neurodevelopmental and/or neurobehavioral disorders. As such, these conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions such as mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, movement disorders, and cerebral palsy. 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Neurosci. PD SEP-DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3-4 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1080/17470910701563681 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 382FE UT WOS:000261589800013 PM 18979385 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Okere, K AF Jones, Melissa C. Okere, Kennedy TI Treatment of hypersexual behavior with oral estrogen in an autistic male SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autism; hypersexual behavior; hormonal agents AB Hypersexual behavior can be exhibited by patients with autism. Several medications have been used in hypersexual paraphiliac male and elderly patient populations, including antiandrogens, estrogen, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Due to limited research in autistic patients exhibiting hypersexuality, physicians must base their medication selection on outcomes seen in patients with other conditions. C1 [Jones, Melissa C.; Okere, Kennedy] Mem Family Med Ctr, Savannah, GA USA. 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PD SEP PY 2008 VL 101 IS 9 BP 959 EP 960 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353QL UT WOS:000259583200024 PM 18708975 ER PT J AU Popovic-Deusic, S Pejovic-Milovancevic, M Draganic-Gajic, S Aleksic-Hil, O Lecic-Tosevski, D AF Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica Draganic-Gajic, Saveta Aleksic-Hil, Olivera Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica TI PSYCHOTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN CHILDHOOD SO SRPSKI ARHIV ZA CELOKUPNO LEKARSTVO LA Serbian DT Review DE early onset psychoses; pervasive developmental disorders; psychotic spectrum in childhood; classification systems ID AUTISM AB For a long time, there was a strong belief of existing continuity between childhood-onset psychoses and adult psychoses. Important moment in understanding psychotic presentations during infancy and childhood is Kanner's description of early infantile autism. Later studies of Rutter and Kolvin, as well as new classification systems, have delineated pervasive developmental disorders from all other psychotic disorders in childhood. But clinical experience is showing that in spite of existence of the group of pervasive developmental disorders with subgroups within it and necessary diagnostic criteria - there are children with pervasive symptoms, who are not fulfilling all necessary diagnostic criteria for pervasive developmental disorder. Therefore, in this paper we are discussing and pointing at psychotic spectrum presentations in children, which have not the right place in any existing classification system (ICID-10, DSM-IV). C1 [Popovic-Deusic, Smiljka; Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica; Draganic-Gajic, Saveta; Aleksic-Hil, Olivera; Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica] Inst Mental Hlth, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Popovic-Deusic, S (reprint author), Inst Mental Hlth, Palmoticeva 37, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. 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Ark. Celok. Lek. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9-10 BP 555 EP 558 DI 10.2298/SARH0810555P PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376RQ UT WOS:000261201100017 ER PT J AU Chevreuil, C Reymann, JM Fremaux, T Polard, E Seveno, T Bentue-Ferrer, D AF Chevreuil, Claire Reymann, Jean-Michel Fremaux, Tanya Polard, Elisabeth Seveno, Tanguy Bentue-Ferrer, Daniele CA Grp Etud Interdisciplinaire Bretag TI Risperidone Use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Patients. SO THERAPIE LA French DT Review DE risperidone; child; adolescent; psychiatric somatic therapies; psychotic disorders; conduct disorders ID DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LONG-TERM SAFETY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INDUCED WEIGHT-GAIN; OPEN-LABEL TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISTIC DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER AB Risperidone Use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Patients. In a plural and multidisciplinary process of care, it would be fruitful to ally complementary, pharmacologic and psychodynamic approaches. We have done a review of the literature on the effectiveness and the cautions for prescription of risperidone, a second generation antipsychotic drug. Risperidone has proved helpful in treating children and adolescents with autism spectrum, conduct and bipolar disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and schizophrenia. The principal side effects are sedation, weight gain, and metabolic disturbances. Extrapyramidal symptoms, QTc prolongation, and hyperprolactemia with clinical signs are infrequent and not clinically significant. The benefit/risk is clearly in favor of the prescription when it is accompanied with the precautions and with the adequate monitoring. C1 [Reymann, Jean-Michel; Bentue-Ferrer, Daniele] Fac Med, Pharmacol Lab, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Chevreuil, Claire; Fremaux, Tanya; Seveno, Tanguy] CH Guillaume Regnier, Rennes, France. 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P319, DOI 10.1089/104454603322572651 Zuddas A, 2000, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V10, P79, DOI 10.1089/cap.2000.10.79 NR 106 TC 7 Z9 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0040-5957 J9 THERAPIE JI Therapie PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 63 IS 5 BP 359 EP 375 DI 10.2515/therapie:2008059 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 404LS UT WOS:000263154400002 PM 19154706 ER PT J AU Baykara, B Gencer, O Ilkin, Z Miral, S AF Baykara, Burak Gencer, Oezlem Ilkin, Zeynep Miral, Sueha TI Neurocognitive Features of the Frontal Lobe in Parents of Autistic Children SO TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI LA Turkish DT Article DE Autism; parent; neurocognitive test; executive function; intelligence ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FAMILY HISTORY; PHENOTYPE; DEFICITS; CLASSIFICATION; DYSFUNCTION; PROFILES; SIBLINGS; GENETICS; STANDARD AB Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the neurocognitive functions of the frontal lobe in parents of autistic children. Method: The study group included 64 parents of children (aged 4-18 years) diagnosed with autism, according to DSM-IV criteria, that were followed-up at the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Parents of children with Down syndrome (n = 60) were selected as the control group. We administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS) to both groups in order to evaluate executive functions, attention, inhibition, and intelligence. Results: Mothers of children with autism performed better than the control group mothers on the executive function measures of WCST There were no group differences in Stroop Test measures of attention and inhibition, or in the verbal and performance intelligence subtests of WAIS. Fathers of children with severe autistic symptoms performed better on some WAIS subtests compared to other, however there were no significant differences in IQ between the parents in both groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that parents of autistic children could display different cognitive styles, but we did not observe any distinctive cognitive profile pertaining to frontal lobe functions. The cognitive ability of parents of autistic children and its neurobiological basis should be further investigated. C1 [Baykara, Burak; Gencer, Oezlem; Ilkin, Zeynep; Miral, Sueha] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk Psikiyatrisi AD, Izmir, Turkey. RP Baykara, B (reprint author), Dokuz Eylul Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk Psikiyatrisi AD, Izmir, Turkey. 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Psikiyatr. Derg. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 359NF UT WOS:000259993100002 PM 18791875 ER PT J AU de Smith, AJ Walters, RG Coin, LJM Steinfeld, I Yakhini, Z Sladek, R Froguel, P Blakemore, AIF AF de Smith, Adam J. Walters, Robin G. Coin, Lachlan J. M. Steinfeld, Israel Yakhini, Zohar Sladek, Rob Froguel, Philippe Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. TI Small Deletion Variants Have Stable Breakpoints Commonly Associated with Alu Elements SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Copy number variants (CNVs) contribute significantly to human genomic variation, with over 5000 loci reported, covering more than 18% of the euchromatic human genome. Little is known, however, about the origin and stability of variants of different size and complexity. We investigated the breakpoints of 20 small, common deletions, representing a subset of those originally identified by array CGH, using Agilent microarrays, in 50 healthy French Caucasian subjects. By sequencing PCR products amplified using primers designed to span the deleted regions, we determined the exact size and genomic position of the deletions in all affected samples. For each deletion studied, all individuals carrying the deletion share identical upstream and downstream breakpoints at the sequence level, suggesting that the deletion event occurred just once and later became common in the population. This is supported by linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, which has revealed that most of the deletions studied are in moderate to strong LD with surrounding SNPs, and have conserved long-range haplotypes. Analysis of the sequences flanking the deletion breakpoints revealed an enrichment of microhomology at the breakpoint junctions. More significantly, we found an enrichment of Alu repeat elements, the overwhelming majority of which intersected deletion breakpoints at their poly-A tails. We found no enrichment of LINE elements or segmental duplications, in contrast to other reports. Sequence analysis revealed enrichment of a conserved motif in the sequences surrounding the deletion breakpoints, although whether this motif has any mechanistic role in the formation of some deletions has yet to be determined. Considered together with existing information on more complex inherited variant regions, and reports of de novo variants associated with autism, these data support the presence of different subgroups of CNV in the genome which may have originated through different mechanisms. C1 [de Smith, Adam J.; Walters, Robin G.; Froguel, Philippe; Blakemore, Alexandra I. F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Hammersmith Hosp, Sect Genom Med, London, England. [Coin, Lachlan J. M.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. [Steinfeld, Israel; Yakhini, Zohar] Agilent Lab, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. [Sladek, Rob] McGill Univ, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Sladek, Rob] McGill Univ, Genome Quebec Innovat Ctr, Dept Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Froguel, Philippe] Inst Pasteur, Inst Biol, CNRS 8090, Lille, France. RP de Smith, AJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Hammersmith Hosp, Sect Genom Med, London, England. EM a.blakemore@imperial.ac.uk RI Walters, Robin/E-6069-2010; Coin, Lachlan/A-9001-2014 OI Walters, Robin/0000-0002-9179-0321; Coin, Lachlan/0000-0002-4300-455X FU Hammersmith Hospital Trust; Genome Quebec FX This work was supported by the Hammersmith Hospital Trust, and SNP genotyping was funded by Genome Quebec. 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TI Autism genes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item CR Morrow EM, 2008, SCIENCE, V321, P218, DOI 10.1126/science.1157657 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 300 IS 8 BP 891 EP 891 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341AR UT WOS:000258687100008 ER PT J AU Scattoni, ML Gandhy, SU Ricceri, L Crawley, JN AF Scattoni, Maria Luisa Gandhy, Shruti U. Ricceri, Laura Crawley, Jacqueline N. TI Unusual Repertoire of Vocalizations in the BTBR T plus tf/J Mouse Model of Autism SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL TASKS RELEVANT; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; INBRED STRAINS; LABORATORY RATS; DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCES; COMMUNICATION CALLS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER AB BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that displays social abnormalities and repetitive behaviors analogous to the first and third diagnostic symptoms of autism. Here we investigate ultrasonic vocalizations in BTBR, to address the second diagnostic symptom of autism, communication deficits. As compared to the commonly used C57BL/6J (B6) strain, BTBR pups called more loudly and more frequently when separated from their mothers and siblings. Detailed analysis of ten categories of calls revealed an unusual pattern in BTBR as compared to B6. BTBR emitted high levels of harmonics, two-syllable, and composite calls, but minimal numbers of chevron-shaped syllables, upward, downward, and short calls. Because body weights were higher in BTBR than B6 pups, one possible explanation was that larger thoracic size was responsible for the louder calls and different distribution of syllable categories. To test this possibility, we recorded separation calls from FVB/NJ, a strain with body weights similar to BTBR, and 129X1/SvJ, a strain with body weights similar to B6. BTBR remained the outlier on number of calls, displaying low numbers of complex, upward, chevron, short, and frequency steps calls, along with high harmonics and composites. Further, developmental milestones and growth rates were accelerated in BTBR, indicating an unusual neurodevelopmental trajectory. Overall, our findings demonstrate strain-specific patterns of ultrasonic calls that may represent different lexicons, or innate variations in complex vocal repertoires, in genetically distinct strains of mice. Particularly intriguing is the unusual pattern of vocalizations and the more frequent, loud harmonics evident in the BTBR mouse model of autism that may resemble the atypical vocalizations seen in some autistic infants. C1 [Scattoni, Maria Luisa; Gandhy, Shruti U.; Crawley, Jacqueline N.] NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Scattoni, Maria Luisa; Ricceri, Laura] Ist Superiore Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Behav Neurosci Sect, Rome, Italy. RP Scattoni, ML (reprint author), NIMH, Lab Behav Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM marialuisa.scattoni@iss.it FU National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program [Z01-MH-002498-17, ISS-NIH 0F14] FX Supported by the National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (Z01-MH-002498-17, JNC), and ISS-NIH 0F14 Neurobehavioral phenotyping of genetically modified mouse models of mental retardation(LR). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the NIMH, NIH, or the United States Government. 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TI Co-occurring conditions associated with FMR1 gene variations: Findings from a national parent survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; co-occuring conditions ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME FXTAS; SECONDARY CONDITIONS; FULL MUTATION; CGG REPEATS; PREMUTATION; MALES; PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Parents enrolling in a national survey of families of children with fragile X (FX) reported whether each of their children had been diagnosed or treated for developmental delay or eight conditions frequently associated with FX: attention problems, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, self-injury, autism seizures, anxiety, or depression. This article reports results for 976 full mutation males, 259 full mutation females. 57 premutation males, and 199 premutation females. Co-occuring conditions were frequently reported for all FMR1 gene variations. The number of co-occurring conditions experienced was strongly associated with parent reports of their child's ability to learn, adaptability, and quality of life. Most individuals with the full mutation experienced multiple co-occuring conditions, with a modal number of 4 for males and 2 for females. Most (>80%) full mutation males and females had been diagnosed or treated for attention problems. Premutation males, when compared with a matched group of non-FX males, were more likely to have been diagnosed or treated for developmental delay, attention problems, aggression. seizures, autism, and anxiety. Premutation females were more likely to have been diagnosed or treated for attention problems, anxiety, depression, and developmental delay. Clusters of conditions were identified, seeming to occur in an additive fashion. Self-injury autism, and seizures rarely occured in isolation, but were more likely in individuals who also had problems with attention, anxiety, and hyperactivity. The findings provide a reference point for future studies on the prevalence and nature of co-occurring conditions in FX; suggest the possibility that certain conditions cluster together; provide evidence that male and female carriers experience elevated rates of co-occuring conditions compared with matched groups of non-carrier children: and emphasize the importance of including an assessment of co-occuring conditions in any clinical evaluation of individuals with abnormal variation in the FMR1 gene. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Bailey, Donald B., Jr.; Raspa, Melissa; Olmsted, Murrey; Holiday, David B.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bailey, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dbailey@rti.org FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR) [U50/CCU300860, TS-1380] FX Preparation of this article was supported in part by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR) Cooperative Agreement No. U50/CCU300860, Project TS-1380. The authors express their appreciation to the research collaborators and organizations who supported the recruitment of study participants, the families who completed the survey, and the RTI staff who assisted in survey programming (Venkat Yetuktiri), data management (Anne Kenyon and Kirstin Miller), and call center services (Ellen Fay). 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We have generated a PTLS mouse model, Dp(11)17/+, that recapitulates some of the physical and neurobehavioral phenotypes present in patients. Here, we investigated the social behavior and gene expression pattern of this mouse model in a pure C57BL/6-Tyr(c-Brd) genetic background. Dp(11)17/+ male mice displayed normal home-cage behavior but increased anxiety and increased dominant behavior in specific tests. A subtle impairment in the preference for a social target versus an inanimate target and abnormal preference for social novelty (the preference to explore an unfamiliar mouse versus a familiar one) was also observed. Our results indicate that these animals could provide a valuable model to identify the specific gene(s) that confer abnormal social behaviors and that map within this delimited genomic deletion interval. In a first attempt to identify candidate genes and for elucidating the mechanisms of regulation of these important phenotypes, we directly assessed the relative transcription of genes within and around this genomic interval. In this mouse model, we found that candidates genes include not only most of the duplicated genes, but also normal-copy genes that flank the engineered interval; both categories of genes showed altered expression levels in the hippocampus of Dp(11)17/+ mice. C1 [Molina, Jessica; Carmona-Mora, Paulina; Krall, Paola M.; Canales, Cesar P.; Walz, Katherina] Ctr Estudios Cient, Ctr Estudios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile. [Molina, Jessica; Carmona-Mora, Paulina; Krall, Paola M.; Canales, Cesar P.] Univ Austral Chile, Valdivia, Chile. [Chrast, Jacqueline; Reymond, Alexandre] Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Gen, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Lupski, James R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lupski, James R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lupski, James R.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Walz, K (reprint author), Avda Prat 514, Valdivia 5110246, Chile. 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PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 16 BP 2486 EP 2495 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddn148 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 330SL UT WOS:000257963000008 PM 18469339 ER PT J AU Maussion, G Carayol, J Lepagnol-Bestel, AM Tores, F Loe-Mie, Y Milbreta, U Rousseau, F Fontaine, K Renaud, J Moalic, JM Philippi, A Chedotal, A Gorwood, P Ramoz, N Hager, J Simonneau, M AF Maussion, Gilles Carayol, Jerome Lepagnol-Bestel, Aude-Marie Tores, Frederic Loe-Mie, Yann Milbreta, Ulla Rousseau, Francis Fontaine, Karine Renaud, Julie Moalic, Jean-Marie Philippi, Anne Chedotal, Alain Gorwood, Philip Ramoz, Nicolas Hager, Joerg Simonneau, Michel TI Convergent evidence identifying MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1) as a susceptibility gene for autism SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NEURONAL POLARITY; UNIFIED APPROACH; PROTEIN; ASSOCIATION; COMPLEX; EVOLUTION; LINKAGE; FAMILY; BRAIN AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable, but genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions. We recently defined a susceptibility locus for ASDs on chromosome 1q41-q42. High-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphisms (126 SNPs) genotyping across the chromosome 1q41-q42 region, followed by a MARK1 (microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1)-tagged-SNP association study in 276 families with autism from the Autism Genetic Research Exchange, showed that several SNPs within the MARK1 gene were significantly associated with ASDs by transmission disequilibrium tests. Haplotype rs12740310*C-rs3737296*G-rs12410279*A was overtransmitted (Pcorrected= 0.0016), with a relative risk for autism of 1.8 in homozygous carriers. Furthermore, ASD-associated SNP rs12410279 modulates the level of transcription of MARK1. We found that MARK1 was overexpressed in the prefrontal cortex (BA46) but not in cerebellar granule cells, on postmortem brain tissues from patients. MARK1 displayed an accelerated evolution along the lineage leading to humans, suggesting possible involvement of this gene in cognition. MARK1 encodes a kinase-regulating microtubule-dependent transport in axons and dendrites. Both overexpression and silencing of MARK1 resulted in significantly shorter dendrite length in mouse neocortical neurons and modified dendritic transport speed. As expected for a gene encoding a key polarity determinant Par-1 protein kinase, MARK1 is involved in axon-dendrite specification. Thus, MARK1 overexpression in humans may be responsible for subtle changes in dendritic functioning. C1 [Maussion, Gilles; Lepagnol-Bestel, Aude-Marie; Loe-Mie, Yann; Moalic, Jean-Marie; Gorwood, Philip; Ramoz, Nicolas; Simonneau, Michel] Univ Paris 07, INSERM, U675, IFR2,Fac Med Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France. [Carayol, Jerome; Tores, Frederic; Rousseau, Francis; Fontaine, Karine; Philippi, Anne; Hager, Joerg] IntegraGen SA Genopole, Evry, France. 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Mol. Genet. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 16 BP 2541 EP 2551 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddn154 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 330SL UT WOS:000257963000013 PM 18492799 ER PT J AU Young, HA Geier, DA Geier, MR AF Young, Heather A. Geier, David A. Geier, Mark R. TI Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: An assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ADD; ADHD autistic disorder; ASD; ethylmercury; merthiolate; thiomersal ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISTIC DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; MERCURY EXPOSURE; UNITED-KINGDOM; BLOOD MERCURY; CHILDREN; COHORT; METHYLMERCURY AB The study evaluated possible associations between neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and exposure to mercury (Hg) from Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) by examining the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). A total of 278,624 subjects were identified in birth cohorts from 1990-1996 that had received their first oral polio vaccination by 3 months of age in the VSD. The birth cohort prevalence rate of medically diagnosed International Classification of Disease, 9th revision (ICD-9) specific NDs and control outcomes were calculated. 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Neurol. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jns.2008.04.002 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 330RA UT WOS:000257959300017 PM 18482737 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Sinha, S Ghosh, S Chatterjee, A Ahmed, S Usha, R AF Dutta, Shruti Sinha, Swagata Ghosh, Saurabh Chatterjee, Anindita Ahmed, Shabina Usha, Rajamma TI Genetic analysis of reelin gene (RELN) SNPs: No association with autism spectrum disorder in the Indian population SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD-NOS; case-control analysis; family-based analyses; linkage disequilibrium ID VULNERABILITY FACTOR; POLYMORPHISMS; ALLELES; RISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; HAPLOTYPES; PROTEINS; REPEAT; TESTS AB Involvement of reelin with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been implicated through several biochemical as well as genetic studies. Reelin is an extracellular signaling protein, which plays a significant role in cytoarchitectonic pattern formation of different brain areas during development. Reelin gene (RELN) is located on chromosome 7q22; an important autism critical region identified through several genome-wide scans. A number of genetic studies have been carried out to investigate the association of reelin with autism. Recently we reported possible paternal effect in the transmission of CGG repeat alleles of RELN in the susceptibility towards autism. Further analysis on other polymorphisms is warranted to validate the status of RELN as a candidate for autism. Therefore in the present study, we have investigated six more SNPs (rs727531, rs2072403, rs2072402, rs362691, rs362719, rs736707) in 102 patients, 182 parents and 101 healthy controls. We have followed DSM-IV criteria and the screening for autism was carried out using CARS. Genomic DNA isolated from blood was used for PCR and subsequent RFLP analysis. Finally, case-control and family-based association studies were carried out to examine the genetic association of these SNP markers with ASD in the Indian population. But, we failed to detect either preferential parental transmission of any alleles of the markers to affected offspring or any biased allelic or genotypic distribution between the cases and controls. Thus the present study suggests that these SNPs of RELN are unlikely to be associated with ASO in the Indian population. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dutta, Shruti; Sinha, Swagata; Chatterjee, Anindita; Usha, Rajamma] Manovikas Kendra Rehabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Out Patients Dept, Kolkata 700107, India. [Ghosh, Saurabh] Indian Stat Inst, Human Genet Unit, Kolkata 700108, India. [Ahmed, Shabina] Assam Autism Fdn, Christian Basti 781005, Guwahati, India. 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Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 441 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.022 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 333TD UT WOS:000258174400012 PM 18597938 ER PT J AU Fecteau, S Pascual-Leone, A Theoret, H AF Fecteau, Shirley Pascual-Leone, Alvaro Theoret, Hugo TI Psychopathy and the mirror neuron system: Preliminary findings from a non-psychiatric sample SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE psychopathy; empathy; mirror neuron system; pain; motor cortex ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; MOTOR CORTEX; EMPATHY; VALIDITY; AUTISM; EXCITABILITY; POPULATIONS; DISORDERS; IMITATION AB Recent advances in social neuroscience suggest a link between empathy and the mirror neuron system (MNS). Impaired empathy is one of the core diagnostic features of psychopathic personality disorder. In the present study, we investigated whether psychopathic personality traits in a non-psychiatric sample were related to MNS function. Healthy participants viewed short videos known to activate the sensorimotor MNS for pain (a needle penetrating a human hand) while transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded as a measure of motor cortex excitability. Individual psychopathic personality traits were assessed using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) and correlated with the MEP findings. Consistent with previous data, observation of the painful stimulus was associated with a significant reduction in the amplitude of the TMS-induced MEP. Interestingly, the level of corticospinal excitability modulation was positively correlated with individual scores on the coldheartedness subscale of the PPI, such that individuals with the greatest MEP reduction were the ones scoring highest on the coldheartedness measure. These data suggest the existence of a functional link between 'motor empathy' and psychopathy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 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CR Jansen VAA, 2003, SCIENCE, V301, P804, DOI 10.1126/science.1086726 McBrien J, 2003, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V22, P580, DOI 10.1097/00006454-200307000-00002 Mulholland EK, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V355, P440, DOI 10.1056/NEJMp068149 Smith MJ, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121, pE836, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-1760 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 6 BP 656 EP 656 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 334IY UT WOS:000258216700027 ER PT J AU Montgomery, KS Mackey, J Thuett, K Ginestra, S Bizon, JL Abbott, LC AF Montgomery, Karienn S. Mackey, Jessica Thuett, Kerry Ginestra, Stephanie Bizon, Jennifer L. Abbott, Louise C. TI Chronic, low-dose prenatal exposure to methylmercury impairs motor and mnemonic function in adult C57/B6 mice SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE locomotor activity; Morris water maze; open field activity; rotarod; spatial learning; cue learning ID DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; WATER MAZE; MERCURY; CHILDREN; BENEFITS; LESIONS; RISKS; BRAIN AB Methylmercury (MeHg) has cytotoxic effects on animals and humans, and a major target organ for MeHg is the central nervous system (CNS). It is well known that the developing CNS is extremely vulnerable to MeHg-induced changes in comparison to the mature brain. Most studies have concentrated on the direct effects of high levels of prenatal MeHg exposure. Surprisingly, behavioral outcomes found in adult offspring exposed developmentally to the neurotoxic effects of chronic, low-dose mercury more akin to ingestion in humans are not well characterized. The objective of this study was to determine whether such exposure produces deleterious effects on behavior in adult mice, including motor/coordination abilities, overall activity and mnemonic function. Developing mouse fetuses were exposed in utero during gestational days 8-18 by giving pregnant C57B1/6j female mice food containing MeHg at a daily dose of 0.01 mg/kg body weight. Adult mice prenatally exposed to MeHg exhibited significant deficits in motor abilities, coordination, and overall activity, as measured by rotarod, footprint analysis and open field. In addition, MeHg-exposed mice were impaired with respect to reference memory but not in a visible, cued version of the Morris water maze task. These results indicate that prenatal exposure to the lowest dose of MeHg examined to date can have long-lasting motor and cognitive consequences on adult offspring. These findings have far reaching implications related to putative safe levels of MeHg ingestion, particularly during pregnancy, and increasing rates of cognitive and psychological disorders (e.g. attention hyperactivity deficit disorder, autism) in our society. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thuett, Kerry; Ginestra, Stephanie; Abbott, Louise C.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bizon, Jennifer L.; Abbott, Louise C.] Texas A&M Univ, Fac Neurosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Montgomery, Karienn S.; Bizon, Jennifer L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mackey, Jessica] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Shreveport, LA 71101 USA. RP Abbott, LC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 191 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.008 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 314CP UT WOS:000256786700008 PM 18436314 ER PT J AU Saverino, C Gerlai, R AF Saverino, Cristina Gerlai, Robert TI The social zebrafish: Behavioral responses to conspecific, heterospecific, and computer animated fish SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behavioral phenotyping; Dania rerio; shoaling; social behavior; zebrafish ID DANIO-RERIO; SHOALING BEHAVIOR; TRANSGENIC MICE; GENETIC MODEL; HUMAN-DISEASE; AUTISM; SIZE; QUANTIFICATION; PREFERENCES; FAMILIARITY AB Zebrafish has been in the forefront of developmental biology and genetics, but only recently has interest in their behavior increased. Zebrafish are small and prolific, which lends this species to high throughput screening applications. A typical feature of zebrafish is its propensity to aggregate in groups, a behavior known as shoaling. Thus, zebrafish has been proposed as a possible model organism appropriate for the analysis of the genetics of vertebrate social behavior. However, shoaling behavior is not well characterized in zebrafish. Here, using a recently developed software application, we first investigate how zebrafish respond to conspecific and heterospecific fish species that differ in coloration and/or shoaling tendencies. We found that zebrafish shoaled with their own species but not with two heterospecific species, one of which was a shoaling the other a non-shoaling species. In addition, we have started the analysis of visual stimuli that zebrafish may utilize to determine whether to shoal with a fish or not. We systematically modified the color, the location, the pattern, and the body shape of computer animated zebrafish images and presented them to experimental zebrafish. The subjects responded differentially to some of these stimuli showing preference for yellow and avoidance of elongated zebrafish images. Our results suggest that computerized stimulus presentation and automated behavioral quantification of zebrafish responses are feasible, which in turn implies that high throughput forward genetic mutation or drug screening will be possible in the analysis of social behavior with this model organism. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Saverino, Cristina; Gerlai, Robert] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Gerlai, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Room 3035,3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 191 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.013 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 314CP UT WOS:000256786700012 PM 18423643 ER PT J AU Moy, SS Nadler, JJ Young, NB Nonneman, RJ Segall, SK Andrade, GM Crawley, JN Magnuson, TR AF Moy, Sheryl S. Nadler, Jessica J. Young, Nancy B. Nonneman, Randal J. Segall, Samantha K. Andrade, Gabriela M. Crawley, Jacqueline N. Magnuson, Terry R. TI Social approach and repetitive behavior in eleven inbred mouse strains SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; morris water maze; reversal learning; sociability; social preference; spectrum disorders; stereotypy; T-maze ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; MODEL; GENE; PHENOTYPE; RELEVANT; SOCIABILITY; ENVIRONMENT; CHILDREN AB Core symptoms of autism include deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The repetitive behavior domain encompasses abnormal motoric stereotypy, an inflexible insistence on sameness, and resistance to change. In recent years, many genetic mouse models of autism and related disorders have been developed, based on candidate genes for disease susceptibility. The present studies are part ofan ongoing initiative to develop appropriate behavioral tasks for the evaluation of mouse models relevant to autism. We have previously reported profiles for sociability, preference for social novelty, and resistance to changes in a learned pattern of behavior, as well as other functional domains, for 10 inbred mouse strains of divergent genetic backgrounds. The present studies extend this multi-component behavioral characterization to several additional strains: C58/J, NOD/LtJ, NZB/B1NJ, PL/J, SJL/J, SWR/J, and the wild-derived PERA/EiJ. C58/J, NOD/LEJ, NZB/B1NJ, SJL/J, and PERA/EiJ demonstrated low sociability, measured by time spent in proximity to an unfamiliar conspecific, with 30-60% of mice from these strains showing social avoidance. In the Morris water maze, NZB/B1NJ had a persistent bias for the quadrant where the hidden platform was located during acquisition, even after 9 days of reversal training. A particularly interesting profile was found for C58/J, which had low social preference, poor performance in the T-maze, and overt motoric stereotypy. Overall, this set of tasks and observational methods provides a strategy for evaluating novel mouse models in behavioral domains relevant to the autism phenotype. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moy, Sheryl S.; Nadler, Jessica J.; Young, Nancy B.; Nonneman, Randal J.; Andrade, Gabriela M.; Crawley, Jacqueline N.; Magnuson, Terry R.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Although GABA and glutamate receptors seem to be two of those factors, very little is known about the functional properties of the autistic receptors. Autistic tissue samples stored in brain banks usually have relatively long postmortem times, and it is highly desirable to know whether neurotransmitter receptors in such tissues are still functional. Here we demonstrate that native receptors microtransplanted from autistic brains, as well as de novo mRNA-expressed receptors, are still functional and susceptible to detailed electrophysiological characterization even after long postmortem intervals. The opportunity to study the properties of human receptors present in diseased brains not only opens new avenues toward understanding autism and other neurological disorders, but it also makes the microtransplantation method a useful translational system to evaluate and develop novel medicinal drugs. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 31 BP 10973 EP 10977 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804386105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 335RT UT WOS:000258308500063 PM 18645182 ER PT J AU Sinzig, J Bruning, N Morsch, D Lehmkuhl, G AF Sinzig, Judith Bruning, Nicole Morsch, Dagmar Lehmkuhl, Gerd TI Attention profiles in autistic children with and without comorbid hyperactivity and attention problems SO ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA LA English DT Article DE ADHD; attention; autism; neuropsychology ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COEXISTING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR DOMAINS; GENOMEWIDE SCAN AB Objective: Psychopathological, neuropsychological and genetic findings indicate an association between ASD Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this study was to compare the neuropsychological profiles of attention functions in children with ADHD and with ASD and without comorbid ADHD. The hypothesis was that either ADHD and autistic children with comorbid ADHD symptoms were more impaired in inhibition and sustained attention performance and that all individuals with ASD show more deficits in divided attention. Method: Children aged 6 to 18 years old with ADHD (n = 30) or ASD with (n = 21) and without comorbid ADHD (n = 20) and 30 healthy children were included consecutively. Psychopathology was evaluated using the KIDDIE-SADS and symptom checklists for ADHD and ASD according to DSM-IV. Assessed neuropsychological functioning included inhibition, sustained as well as divided attention and alertness tasks. Results: Age and IQ-corrected z-scores were used. Statistically significant group effects were found for the variables sustained attention median (F = 3.2, = .02), hits (F = 3.3, p = .02) and false alarms (F = 3.9, p = .01), divided attention hits (F = 3.3, p = .02), errors (F = 3.1, p = .03) and false alarms (F = 3.3, p = .03) and alertness false alarms (F = 2.9, p = .04). Pearson Correlations revealed associations between ADHD symptoms and sustained attention in the ADHD group and between ADHD symptoms and inhibition in the ASD+ group. Conclusion: Our hypothesis was partly confirmed as ADHD children showed more deficits in sustained attention and ASD children in divided attention tasks. However there was no evidence that children with ASD and comorbid ADHD symptoms have a specific profile in comparison to pure ASD children. C1 [Sinzig, Judith; Bruning, Nicole; Morsch, Dagmar; Lehmkuhl, Gerd] Univ Cologne, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. 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EM daniel_kondziella@yahoo.com CR Brody SL, 2004, AM J RESP CELL MOL, V30, P435, DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0004PS Gotz M, 2005, DEVELOPMENT, V132, P3327, DOI 10.1242/dev.01931 Harris GJ, 2006, BRAIN COGNITION, V61, P54, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.015 Herbert MR, 2002, ANN NEUROL, V52, P588, DOI 10.1002/ana.10349 Kennedy DN, 1999, NEUROLOGY, V53, P1260 Quast TM, 2005, SCHIZOPHR RES, V74, P283, DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.009 ZARBALIS K, 2004, PLOS BIOL, V2, P219 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0924-2708 J9 ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATR JI Acta Neuropsychiatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 227 EP U1 DI 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00298.x PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 327UG UT WOS:000257753400011 ER PT J AU Garcia-Nonell, C Ratera, ER Harris, S Hessl, D Ono, MY Tartaglia, N Marvin, E Tassone, F Hagerman, RJ AF Garcia-Nonell, Catalina Ratera, Euienia Rigau Harris, Susan Hessl, David Ono, Michele Y. Tartaglia, Nicole Marvin, Emily Tassone, Flora Hagerman, Randi J. TI Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism; PDDNOS; autism spectrum disorder; seizures; Prader-Willi like phenotype ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WILLI-LIKE PHENOTYPE; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EEG FINDINGS; MALES; EPILEPSY; FMRP; COMMUNICATION AB This study examine whether secondary medical diagnoses that affects CNS function (i.e., seizures, malformations, or genetic disorders), are more likely to occur in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (FXS + ASD) or FXS alone. Ninety males (3-25 years) with FXS or FXS + ASD were evaluated for secondary medical diagnoses by medical history and examination. A significant difference in the incidence of medical problems was found between patients with FXS + ASD (38.6%) and FXS alone (18.2%, P < 0.05). Medical problems that affect the CNS are more likely to occur in those with FXS + ASD and it is probable that additional brain dysfunction associated with these medical problems enhance the risk of autism in those with FXS. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, Dept Pediat, Endowed Chair Fragile X Res, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Garcia-Nonell, Catalina] PSYNCRON, Barcelona, Spain. [Ratera, Euienia Rigau] Hosp Sabadell, Corp Sanit Parc Tauli, GIRMOGEN, Unidad Neuropediat, Sabadell, Spain. [Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Tartaglia, Nicole] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Child Dev Unit, Denver, CO USA. [Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Hagerman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, Dept Pediat, Endowed Chair Fragile X Res, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM randi.hagerman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NICHD [HD36071, HD02274]; NIH Pediatric Research LRP FX This study was partially supported by NICHD HD36071 and HD02274, and the NIH Pediatric Research LRP for Dr. Tartaglia. We would also like to thank the M.I.N.D. Institute and Dr. Josep Artigas for providing the opportunity for Catalina Garcia Nonell and Eugenia Rigau Ratera to study at the M.I.N.D Institute. 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A PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 15 BP 1911 EP 1916 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32290 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 338AI UT WOS:000258476800002 PM 18627038 ER PT J AU Calounova, G Hedvicakova, P Silhanova, E Kreckova, G Sedlacek, Z AF Calounova, Gabriela Hedvicakova, Petra Silhanova, Eva Kreckova, Gabriela Sedlacek, Zdenek TI Molecular and clinical characterization of two patients with Prader-Willi syndrome and atypical deletions of proximal chromosome 15q SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE Prader-Willi syndrome; atypical deletions; methylation-specific MLPA; microarray CGH; deletion breakpoints; breakpoint cloning ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; GENETIC SUBTYPES; ARRAY-CGH; PHENOTYPE; DISEASE; REGION; REARRANGEMENTS; EXPRESSION AB Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the disturbed expression of genes from the imprinted region of 15q11-q13, but the specific contributions of individual genes remain unknown. Most paternal PWS deletions are bracketed by recurrent breakpoints BP1 or BP2 and BP3. Atypical deletions are very rare. In the present work, we describe the molecular analysis of two patients with atypical deletions using microsatellite analysis, methylation-specific MLPA, and microarray CGH. A deletion of about 2 Mb in Patient 1 started at BP2 and ended in the middle of the typically deleted region within the UBE3A gene. The deletion in Patient 2 started 1.3 Mb distal from BP2 within the C15ORF2 gene, extended over 9.5 Mb, and ended within the AVEN gene in proximal 15q14. In Patient 1 both deletion breakpoints involved repetitive regions, which precluded cloning of the junction and pointed to non-allelic homologous recombination as a possible mechanism of this rearrangement. The breakpoints in Patient 2 were sequenced, and their structure suggested non-homologous end joining as the most likely cause of this deletion. The phenotype of both patients did not depart significantly from the typical clinical picture of PWS, although some symptoms in Patient 2 were also reminiscent of the phenotype of individuals with the recently described 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Our findings support previous observations of relatively mild phenotypic effects resulting from deletions that extend distally from the PWS region and observations of the modest effects of different types of genetic defects on the spectrum and severity of symptoms in PWS. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Calounova, Gabriela; Hedvicakova, Petra; Sedlacek, Zdenek] Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Dept Biol & Med Genet, Prague 15006 5, Czech Republic. [Calounova, Gabriela; Hedvicakova, Petra; Sedlacek, Zdenek] Univ Hosp Motol, Prague 15006 5, Czech Republic. [Silhanova, Eva] Univ Ostrava, Univ Hosp Ostrava, Dept Med Genet, Ostrava, Czech Republic. [Kreckova, Gabriela] Gennet, Liberec, Czech Republic. RP Sedlacek, Z (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Sch Med 2, Dept Biol & Med Genet, Uvalu 84, Prague 15006 5, Czech Republic. EM zdenek.sedlacek@ifmotol.cuni.cz FU Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [NR/9457-3] FX Grant sponsor Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic; Grant number; NR/9457-3 CR Amos-Landgraf JM, 1999, AM J HUM GENET, V65, P370, DOI 10.1086/302510 AUTIO S, 1988, CLIN GENET, V34, P293 Bielinska B, 2000, NAT GENET, V25, P74 Bittel Douglas C., 2005, Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, V7, P1, DOI 10.1017/S1462399405009531 Bressler J, 2001, NAT GENET, V28, P232, DOI 10.1038/90067 Buiting K, 2007, GENOMICS, V89, P588, DOI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.12.008 Butler MG, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V113, P565, DOI 10.1542/peds.113.3.565 Calounova G, 2006, NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT, V27, P579 Erdogan F, 2007, AM J MED GENET A, V143A, P172, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31541 GALAN F, 1991, AM J MED GENET, V38, P532, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320380406 HERVA R, 1980, CLIN GENET, V17, P26 Hogart A, 2007, HUM MOL GENET, V16, P691, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddm014 Lupski JR, 2005, PLOS GENET, V1, P627, DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010049 Makedonski K, 2005, HUM MOL GENET, V14, P1049, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddi097 Mignon-Ravix C, 2007, EUR J HUM GENET, V15, P432, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201775 Milner KM, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P1089, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01520.x Murthy SK, 2007, CYTOGENET GENOME RES, V116, P135, DOI 10.1159/000097433 Pujana MA, 2002, EUR J HUM GENET, V10, P26, DOI 10.1038/sj/ejhg/5200760 Robertson KD, 2005, NAT REV GENET, V6, P597, DOI 10.1038/nrg1655 Sahoo T, 2007, EUR J HUM GENET, V15, P943, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201859 Sharp AJ, 2008, NAT GENET, V40, P322, DOI 10.1038/ng.93 Soejima H, 2005, J CELL BIOCHEM, V95, P226, DOI 10.1002/jcb.20443 TONK V, 1995, CLIN GENET, V48, P151 Torrado M, 2007, AM J MED GENET A, V143A, P460, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31520 Varela MC, 2005, CLIN GENET, V67, P47, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00377.x Veltman MWM, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P42, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0354-6 Whittington JE, 2007, EUR J HUM GENET, V15, P127, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201716 Zarcone J, 2007, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V51, P478, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00916.x NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 15 BP 1955 EP 1962 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32416 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 338AI UT WOS:000258476800007 PM 18627056 ER PT J AU Williams, CA Dagli, A Battaglia, A AF Williams, Charles A. Dagli, Aditi Battaglia, Agatino TI Genetic disorders associated with macrocephaly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Review DE macrocephaly syndromes; familial macrocephaly; autism; megalencephaly; genetics; macrocephaly ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MARMORATA-TELANGIECTATICA-CONGENITA; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CAUSE NOONAN-SYNDROME; FRONTAL SUBARACHNOID SPACE; FACIO-CUTANEOUS SYNDROME; MUTATIONS CAUSE NOONAN; OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS AB Macrocephaly is associated with many genetic disorders and is a frequent cause of referral to the clinical geneticist. In this review we classify the commonly encountered macrocephaly disorders into useful categories and summarize recent genetic advances. Conditions where macrocephaly is a predominant aspect of the clinical presentation are discussed and a diagnostic approach to the common macrocephaly disorders is provided. Some emphasis is placed on familial macrocephaly (sometimes referred to as benign external hydrocephalus) and on the macrocephaly associated with autism spectrum disorders. The more recent conditions associated with the leukodystrophies and the organic acidurias are reviewed, but the well known conditions involving storage disorders and bone dysplasias are mentioned but not discussed. The genetic macrocephaly conditions cover a broad spectrum of gene disorders and their related proteins have diverse biological functions. As of yet it is not clear what precise biological pathways lead to generalized brain overgrowth. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Williams, Charles A.; Dagli, Aditi] Univ Florida, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Raymond C Philips Res & Educ Unit, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Pisa, Italy. RP Williams, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Raymond C Philips Res & Educ Unit, POB 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM willicx@peds.ufl.edu FU Raymond C. Philips Research and Education Contract, State of Florida, USA. FX The authors declare that they have no competing or financial interests related to this scientific work. This study was funded in part by the Raymond C. Philips Research and Education Contract, State of Florida, USA. 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He has strong interests in the Titanic and baseball that involve recitation of facts, dates, and numbers. He will talk at length on these topics, often using language that is more formal than expected for his age, but he is unable to sustain conversations on other topics. Although Marc prefers to interact with adults, he does describe himself as having friends; later his parents reveal that he does not interact with peers outside of school, and when asked, Marc is unable to describe what it means to be a friend. Marc's parents are very concerned about the widening gap between Marc's social development and that of his peers. Marc's history includes perinatal problems, and his family history includes autism spectrum disorder. C1 [King, Bryan H.] Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP King, BH (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. 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Wendt, Oliver TI Effects of augmentative and alternative communication intervention on speech production in children with autism: A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE augmentative and alternative communication; autism spectrum disorders; speech improvement; systematic review ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SIGN LANGUAGE; PHASE-III; PECS; INDIVIDUALS; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIOR; OUTPUT; DISORDERS AB Purpose: This systematic review aimed to determine the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention on speech production in children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. Method: A systematic review methodology was utilized to limit bias in searching, selecting, coding, and synthesizing relevant treatment studies. This involved a multifaceted search for studies written between 1975 and May 2007 using various bibliographic databases, dissertation databases, hand searches of selected journals and published compilations of AAC theses and dissertations, and ancestry searches. To be included, studies had to meet stringent criteria. A coding manual and form facilitated data extraction in terms of participant characteristics, treatment characteristics, design and measurement, and outcomes. Results: Nine single-subject experimental design (27 participants) and 2 group studies (98 participants) were included. Results indicated that AAC interventions do not impede speech production. In fact, most studies reported an increase in speech production. However, in-depth analyses revealed. that the gains were rather modest. Conclusions: Although AAC interventions do not appear to impede speech production and may result in increased speech production, the modest gains observed require realistic expectations among clinicians and other stakeholders. Future research should be more hypothesis driven and aim to identify predictive child characteristics, such as prior speech imitation and object exploration skills. C1 [Schlosser, Ralf W.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wendt, Oliver] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schlosser, RW (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Speech Language Pathol & Audiol, 151B Forsyth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Alden-Anderson, Elizabeth Haley, Tom TI Teaching a young child with autism to request assistance conditionally: A preliminary study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; children; intervention; communication; conditional discrimination; generalized requesting ID FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; RESPONSE EFFICIENCY; REINFORCEMENT; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIORS; MAND AB Purpose: Investigators taught a 5-year-old boy with autistic disorder and severe language delay to conditionally use requests for assistance. Method: A within-participant multiple-probe design across 3 functional tasks was implemented in order to evaluate the child's acquisition and conditional use of requests for assistance during intervention with each task. Results: Results indicated initial acquisition of requests for assistance followed by a brief period of overgeneralization. As independence in completing a task increased, requests for assistance correspondingly decreased. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2008/022) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 334DB UT WOS:000258201400003 PM 18663108 ER PT J AU Nadon, G Feldman, DE Gisel, E AF Nadon, G. Feldman, D. Ehrmann Gisel, E. TI Review of assessment methods used to evaluate feeding for children with pervasive developmental disorder SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article ID TREAT FOOD SELECTIVITY; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; SYMPTOMS; REINFORCEMENT; INTERVENTION; DISABILITIES; RELIABILITY; CONSUMPTION AB Current evaluations used by occupational therapists to assess and treat feeding problems derive mainly from the domain of dysphagia. 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Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1332 EP 1348 DI 10.1016/j.arcped.2008.04.022 PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 335TC UT WOS:000258312600014 PM 18562184 ER PT J AU Jones, W Carr, K Klin, A AF Jones, Warren Carr, Katelin Klin, Ami TI Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; HUMAN AMYGDALA; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; GAZE; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; FACE; MOVEMENTS AB Context: Within the first week of life, typical human newborns give preferential attention to the eyes of others. Similar findings in other species suggest that attention to the eyes is a highly conserved phylogenetic mechanism of social development. For children with autism, however, diminished and aberrant eye contact is a lifelong hallmark of disability. Objective: To quantify preferential attention to the eyes of others at what is presently the earliest point of diagnosis in autism. Design: We presented the children with 10 videos. Each video showed an actress looking directly into the camera, playing the role of caregiver, and engaging the viewer ( playing pat- a- cake, peek- a- boo, etc). Children's visual fixation patterns were measured by eye tracking. Participants: Fifteen 2- year- old children with autism were compared with 36 typically developing children and with 15 developmentally delayed but nonautistic children. Main Outcome Measure: Preferential attention was measured as percentage of visual fixation time to 4 regions of interest: eyes, mouth, body, and object. Level of social disability was assessed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: Looking at the eyes of others was significantly decreased in 2- year- old children with autism ( P <. 001), while looking at mouths was increased ( P <. 01) in comparison with both control groups. The 2 control groups were not distinguishable on the basis of fixation patterns. In addition, fixation on eyes by the children with autism correlated with their level of social disability; less fixation on eyes predicted greater social disability ( r=- 0.669, P <. 01). Conclusions: Looking at the eyes of others is important in early social development and in social adaptation throughout one's life span. Our results indicate that in 2- year- old children with autism, this behavior is already derailed, suggesting critical consequences for development but also offering a potential biomarker for quantifying syndrome manifestation at this early age. C1 [Klin, Ami] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Klin, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 205 EP 206 DI 10.1002/aur.37 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900001 PM 19360669 ER PT J AU Bailey, AJ AF Bailey, Anthony J. TI The Neuroscience of Autism Education SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material EM anthony.bailey@psych.ox.ac.uk RI Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1939-3792 J9 AUTISM RES JI Autism Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 207 EP 207 DI 10.1002/aur.36 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900002 PM 19360670 ER PT J AU Tek, S Jaffery, G Fein, D Naigles, LR AF Tek, Saime Jaffery, Gul Fein, Deborah Naigles, Letitia R. TI Do Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Show a Shape Bias in Word Learning? SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shape bias; word learning; language; development ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE-ACQUISITION; LATE TALKERS; CATEGORIZATION; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENT; BEHAVIOR; SYNTAX; TASK AB Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) acquire a sizeable lexicon. However, these children also seem to understand and/or store the meanings of words differently from typically developing children. One of the mechanisms that helps typically developing children learn novel words is the shape bias, in which the referent of a noun is mapped onto the shape of an object, rather than onto its color, texture, or size. We hypothesized that children with autistic disorder would show reduced or absent shape bias. Using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm, we compared the performance of young children with ASD and typically developing children (TYP), across four time points, in their use of shape bias. Neither group showed a shape bias at Visit 1, when half of the children in both groups produced fewer than 50 count nouns. Only the TYP group showed a shape bias at Visits 2, 3, and 4. According to the growth curve analyses, the rate of increase in the shape bias scores over time was significant for the TYP children. The fact that the TYP group showed a shape bias at 24 months of age, whereas children with ASD did not demonstrate a shape bias despite a sizeable vocabulary, supports a dissociation between vocabulary size and principles governing acquisition in ASD children from early in language development. C1 [Tek, Saime] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Tek, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Unit 1020, 406 Babbidge Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 208 EP 222 DI 10.1002/aur.38 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900003 PM 19360671 ER PT J AU Tannan, V Holden, JK Zhang, Z Baranek, GT Tommerdahl, MA AF Tannan, Vinay Holden, Jameson K. Zhang, Zheng Baranek, Grace T. Tommerdahl, Mark A. TI Perceptual Metrics of Individuals With Autism Provide Evidence for Disinhibition SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; inhibition; adaptation; habituation; amplitude discrimination; sensory discrimination ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; VIBROTACTILE ADAPTATION; RECEPTIVE-FIELD; SI CORTEX; MINICOLUMNAR ORGANIZATION; AMPLITUDE DISCRIMINATION; SPATIAL LOCALIZATION; DYNAMIC CHANGES; STIMULATION; CAT AB Adults with autism exhibit inhibitory deficits that are often manifested in behavioral modifications, such as repetitive behaviors, and/or sensory hyper-responsiveness. If such behaviors are the result of a generalized deficiency in inhibitory neurotransmission, then it stands to reason that deficits involving localized cortical-cortical interactions-such as in sensory discrimination tasks-could be detected and quantified. This study exemplifies a newly developed method for quantifying sensory testing metrics. Our novel sensory discrimination tests may provide (a) an effective means for biobehavioral assessment of deficits specific to autism and (b) an efficient and sensitive measure of change following treatment. The sensory discriminative capacity of ten Subjects with autism and ten controls was compared both before and after short duration adapting stimuli. Specifically, vibrotactile amplitude discriminative capacity was obtained both in the presence and absence of I sec adapting stirmili that were delivered 1 sec prior to the comparison stimuli. Although adaptation had a pronounced effect on the amplitude discriminative capacity of the control subjects, little or no impact was observed on the sensory discriminative capacity of the subjects with autism. This lack of impact of the adapting stimuli on the responses of the subjects with autism was interpreted to be consistent with the reduced GABAergic-mediated inhibition described in previous reports. One significant aspect of this Study is that the methods could prove to be a useful and efficient way to detect specific neural deficits and monitor the efficacy of pharmacological or behavioral treatments in autism. C1 [Tannan, Vinay; Holden, Jameson K.; Zhang, Zheng; Baranek, Grace T.; Tommerdahl, Mark A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Tommerdahl, MA (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tommerda@med.unc.edu FU Cure Autism Now Foundation; Department of Defense [W81XWH-07-1-0287] FX Grant sponsor: Cure Autism Now Foundation; Grant sponsor: Department of Defense; Grant number: W81XWH-07-1-0287. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1002/aur.34 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900004 PM 19360672 ER PT J AU Dalton, KM Holsen, L Abbeduto, L Davidson, RJ AF Dalton, Kim M. Holsen, Laura Abbeduto, Leonard Davidson, Richard J. TI Brain Function and Gaze Fixation During Facial-Emotion Processing in Fragile X and Autism SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; autism; face processing; brain function; fMRI ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SOCIAL COGNITION; ACTIVATION; SPECTRUM; AMYGDALA; FACE; UNDERCONNECTIVITY; COMMUNICATION; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly known genetic disorder associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Overlapping features in these populations include gaze aversion, Communication deficits, and social withdrawal. Although the association between FXS and ASD has been well documented at the behavioral level, the underlying neural mechanisms associated with the social/emotional deficits in these groups remain unclear. We collected functional brain images and eye-gaze fixations from 9 individuals with FXS and 14 individuals with idiopathic ASD, as well as 15 typically developing (TD) individuals, while they performed a facial-emotion discrimination task. The FXS group showed a similar yet less aberrant pattern of gaze fixations compared with the ASD group. The FXS group also showed fusiform gyrus (FG) hypoactivation compared with the TD control group. Activation in FG was strongly and positively associated with average eye fixation and negatively associated with ASD characteristics in the FXS group. The FXS group displayed significantly greater activation than both the TD control and ASD groups in the left hippocampus (HIPP), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula (INS), and left postcentral gyrus (PCG). These group differences in brain activation are important as they suggest unique underlying face-processing neural circuitry in FXS versus idiopathic ASD, largely supporting the hypothesis that ASD characteristics in FXS and idiopathic ASD reflect partially divergent impairments at the neural level, at least in FXS individuals without a co-morbid diagnosis of ASD. C1 [Dalton, Kim M.; Holsen, Laura; Davidson, Richard J.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Holsen, Laura] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Med, Boston, MA USA. [Holsen, Laura] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Davidson, Richard J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Davidson, Richard J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Educ Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dalton, KM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr T 127, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM kmdalton@wisc.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Studies [U54MH066398]; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD); NIH [P30 HD03352]; NICHD [T32 HD07489] FX Grant sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment (STAART); Grant number: U54MH066398; Grant sponsor: National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD); Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant number: P30 HD03352; Grant sponsor: NICHD; Grant number: T32 HD07489. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1002/aur.32 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900005 PM 19360673 ER PT J AU Talebizadeh, Z Butler, MG Theodoro, MF AF Talebizadeh, Zohreh Butler, Merlin G. Theodoro, Mariana F. TI Feasibility and Relevance of Examining Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines to Study Role of microRNAs in Autism SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microRNA; autism; lymphoblastoid cell lines; differential expression ID X MENTAL-RETARDATION; NONCODING RNAS; MAMMALIAN MICRORNAS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; REVEALS; TARGETS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB To assess the feasibility and relevance of using lymphoblastoid cell lines to study the role of noncoding RNAs in the etiology of autism, we evaluated global expression profiling of 470 mature human microRNAs from six subjects with autism compared with six matched controls. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.1002/aur.33 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497CL UT WOS:000270031900006 PM 19360674 ER PT J AU Sakurai, T Reichert, J Hoffman, EJ Cai, GQ Jones, HB Faham, M Buxbaum, JD AF Sakurai, Takeshi Reichert, Jennifer Hoffman, Ellen J. Cai, Guiqing Jones, Hywel B. Faham, Malek Buxbaum, Joseph D. TI A Large-Scale Screen for Coding Variants in SERT/SLC6A4 in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE resequencing; rare variants; serotonin; rigid-compulsive behavior ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; SLC6A4; ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHENOTYPE; LOCUS AB In the current study we explored the hypothesis that rare variants in SLC6A4 contribute to autism susceptibility and to rigid-compulsive behaviors in autism. We made use of a large number of unrelated cases with autism spectrum disorders (similar to 350) and controls (similar to 420) and screened for rare exonic variants in SLC6A4 by a high-throughput method followed by sequencing. We observed no difference in the frequency of such variants in the two groups, irrespective of how we defined the rare variants. Furthermore, we did not observe an association of rare coding variants in SLC6A4 with rigid-compulsive traits scores in the cases. These results do not Support a significant role for rare coding variants in SLC6A4 in autism spectrum disorders, nor do they support a significant role for SLC6A4 in rigid-compulsive traits in these disorders. C1 [Sakurai, Takeshi; Reichert, Jennifer; Hoffman, Ellen J.; Cai, Guiqing; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Sakurai, Takeshi; Reichert, Jennifer; Hoffman, Ellen J.; Cai, Guiqing; Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Lab Mol Neuropsychiat, Seaver Autism Res Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Jones, Hywel B.; Faham, Malek] ParAllele Biosci Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Buxbaum, JD (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1668, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM joseph.buxbaum@mssm.edu FU New York State Spinal Cord Injur grant; Stanley Medical Research Institute; Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Foundation; Milton & Miriam Handler Foundation; Autism Speaks; National Institutes of Health [MH-066673, NS-042165] FX Grant sponsors: New York State Spinal Cord Injury grant, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Beatrice and Samuel A. Seaver Foundation; Milton & Miriam Handler Foundation; Autism Speaks; Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant numbers: MH-066673, NS-042165. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 398 EP + DI 10.1017/S0140525X08004688 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 370SP UT WOS:000260783700023 ER PT J AU Bird, A AF Bird, Adrian TI The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 and neurological disease SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE DNA methylation; MeCP2; methyl-CpG-binding protein; Rett syndrome; sin3a ID DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR; RETT-SYNDROME; DNA METHYLATION; MOUSE MODEL; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; CHROMOSOMAL-PROTEIN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BDNF TRANSCRIPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHROMATIN AB The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 can recruit the Sin3a co-repressor complex to promoters leading to transcriptional repression, therefore suggesting that MeCP2 can interpret the DNA methylation signal to bring about gene silencing. Mutations in the human MECP2 gene cause the autism spectrum disorder Rett Syndrome. MeCP2 is most highly expressed in neurons, and mice lacking this protein show symptoms that strikingly parallel those of Rett patients. Surprisingly, these symptoms are efficiently reversed by delayed activation of a 'stopped' Mecp2 gene, raising hopes that human Rett syndrome may also be reversible. Future studies of MeCP2 promise to shed light upon brain function, neurological disease and the biology of DNA methylation. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bird, A (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Biol, Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. EM a.bird@ed.ac.uk FU MRC (medical Research Council); CRUK (Cancer Research UK); Rett Syndrome Research Foundation; Rett Syndrome UK/Jeans for Genes FX I am indebted to members of my laboratory, past and present, who have helped to understand MBPs. Structural studies of MeCP2 have depended on long-term collaborations with Professor Paul Barlow and Professor Malcolm Walkinshaw at The University of Edinburgh. The Wellcome Trust have funded much of our research, with significant contributions from MRC (medical Research Council), CRUK (Cancer Research UK), the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation and Rett Syndrome UK/Jeans for Genes. 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Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.1042/BST0360575 PN 4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 338QI UT WOS:000258522200003 PM 18631120 ER PT J AU Bello, KD Goharpey, N Crewther, SG Crewther, DP AF Bello, Katrina D. Goharpey, Nahal Crewther, Sheila G. Crewther, David P. TI A puzzle form of a non-verbal intelligence test gives significantly higher performance measures in children with severe intellectual disability SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID COLORED-PROGRESSIVE-MATRICES; DOWN-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM; ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; ENGAGEMENT; PROFILE AB Background: Assessment of 'potential intellectual ability' of children with severe intellectual disability (ID) is limited, as current tests designed for normal children do not maintain their interest. Thus a manual puzzle version of the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) was devised to appeal to the attentional and sensory preferences and language limitations of children with ID. It was hypothesized that performance on the book and manual puzzle forms would not differ for typically developing children but that children with ID would perform better on the puzzle form. Methods: The first study assessed the validity of this puzzle form of the RCPM for 76 typically developing children in a test-retest crossover design, with a 3 week interval between tests. A second study tested performance and completion rate for the puzzle form compared to the book form in a sample of 164 children with ID. Results: In the first study, no significant difference was found between performance on the puzzle and book forms in typically developing children, irrespective of the order of completion. The second study demonstrated a significantly higher performance and completion rate for the puzzle form compared to the book form in the ID population. Conclusion: Similar performance on book and puzzle forms of the RCPM by typically developing children suggests that both forms measure the same construct. These findings suggest that the puzzle form does not require greater cognitive ability but demands sensory-motor attention and limits distraction in children with severe ID. Thus, we suggest the puzzle form of the RCPM is a more reliable measure of the non-verbal mentation of children with severe ID than the book form. C1 [Bello, Katrina D.; Goharpey, Nahal; Crewther, David P.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Brain Sci Inst, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Crewther, Sheila G.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. RP Bello, KD (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Brain Sci Inst, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM katrinabello@hotmail.com; goharpey@hotmail.com; s.crewther@latrobe.edu.au; dcrewther@swin.edu.au FU ARC [LP0346984] FX This research was supported by an ARC Linkage grant LP0346984. We thank Bella Irlicht, Dr. Carl Parsons, as well as the staff, parents, students of Port Phillip Specialist School, Bulleen Heights School, and St. Pius X Primary School, along with Dr. Sue Cotton. 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TI Reduced neural synchronization of gamma-band MEG oscillations in first-degree relatives of children with autism SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; NETWORK OSCILLATIONS; INTERNEURON NETWORKS; AUDITORY M100; IN-VITRO; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BRAIN; RESPONSES AB Background: Gamma-band oscillations recorded from human electrophysiological recordings, which may be associated with perceptual binding and neuronal connectivity, have been shown to be altered in people with autism. Transient auditory gamma-band responses, however, have not yet been investigated in autism or in the first-degree relatives of persons with the autism. Methods: We measured transient evoked and induced magnetic gamma-band power and intertrial phase-locking consistency in the magnetoencephalographic recordings of 16 parents of children with autism, 11 adults with autism and 16 control participants. 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Bennetto, Loisa Watson, Duane Gunlogson, Christine McDonough, Joyce TI Resolving ambiguity: A psycholinguistic approach to understanding prosody processing in high-functioning autism SO BRAIN AND LANGUAGE LA English DT Article DE autism; prosody; language; comprehension; intonation; syntax; pragmatics; high-functioning ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; SPEECH; ADULTS; COMPREHENSION; CONSTRAINTS; CONTEXT AB Individuals with autism exhibit significant impairments in prosody production, yet there is a paucity of research on prosody comprehension in this population. The current study adapted a psycholinguistic paradigm to examine whether individuals with autism are able to use prosody to resolve syntactically ambiguous sentences. Participants were 21 adolescents with high-functioning autism (HFA), and 22 typically developing controls matched on age, 10, receptive language, and gender. The HFA group was significantly less likely to use prosody to disambiguate syntax, but scored comparably to controls when syntax alone or both prosody and syntax indicated the correct response. These findings indicate that adolescents with HFA have difficulty using prosody to disambiguate syntax in comparison to typically developing controls, even when matched on chronological age, IQ, and receptive language. The implications of these findings for how individuals with autism process language are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Diehl, Joshua J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Diehl, Joshua J.; Bennetto, Loisa] Univ Rochester, Dept Clin & Social Sci Psychol, Rochester, NY USA. [Watson, Duane] Univ Rochester, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Rochester, NY USA. [Watson, Duane] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Champaign, IL USA. [Gunlogson, Christine; McDonough, Joyce] Univ Rochester, Dept Linguist, Rochester, NY USA. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.bandl.2008.04.002 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 337MC UT WOS:000258439200006 PM 18502497 ER PT J AU Martin, LA Ashwood, P Braunschweig, D Cabanlit, M Van de Water, J Amaral, DG AF Martin, Loren A. Ashwood, Paul Braunschweig, Daniel Cabanlit, Maricel Van de Water, Judy Amaral, David G. TI Stereotypies and hyperactivity in rhesus monkeys exposed to IgG from mothers of children with autism SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE repetitive; primate; macaque; macaca mulatta; activity; Asperger syndrome ID ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA; NEONATAL AMYGDALA LESIONS; MATERNAL MYASTHENIA; ANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIBODIES; BEHAVIOR; DISORDERS; ATTENTION; DISEASE; ANTIGEN AB Autism together with Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified form a spectrum of conditions (autism spectrum disorders or ASD) that is characterized by disturbances in social behavior, impaired communication and the presence of stereotyped behaviors or circumscribed interests. Recent estimates indicate a prevalence of ASD of 1 per 150 (Kuehn, 2007). The cause(s) of most cases of ASD are unknown but there is an emerging consensus that ASD have multiple etiologies. One proposed cause of ASD is exposure of the fetal brain to maternal autoantibodies during pregnancy [Dalton, P., Deacon, R., Blamire, A., Pike, M., McKinlay, I., Stein, J., Styles, P., Vincent, A., 2003. Maternal neuronal antibodies associated with autism and a language disorder. Ann. Neurol. 53, 533-537]. To provide evidence for this hypothesis, four rhesus monkeys were exposed prenatally to human IgG collected from mothers of multiple children diagnosed with ASD. Four control rhesus monkeys were exposed to human IgG collected from mothers of multiple typically developing children. Five additional monkeys were untreated controls. Monkeys were observed in a variety of behavioral paradigms involving unique social situations. Behaviors were scored by trained observers and overall activity was monitored with actimeters. Rhesus monkeys gestationally exposed to IgG class antibodies from mothers of children with ASD consistently demonstrated increased whole-body stereotypies across multiple testing paradigms. These monkeys were also hyperactive compared to controls. Treatment with IgG purified from mothers of typically developing children did not induce stereotypical or hyperactive behaviors. These findings support the potential for an autoimmune etiology in a subgroup of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. This research raises the prospect of prenatal evaluation for neurodevelopmental risk factors and the potential for preventative therapeutics. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Loren A.; Ashwood, Paul; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Martin, Loren A.; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Ctr Neurosci, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ashwood, Paul; Van de Water, Judy; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, NIEHS Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Braunschweig, Daniel; Cabanlit, Maricel; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Amaral, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Immun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.007 PG 11 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 325RL UT WOS:000257605900003 PM 18262386 ER PT J AU Ming, X Gordon, E Kang, N Wagner, GC AF Ming, Xue Gordon, Emily Kang, Ning Wagner, George C. TI Use of clonidine in children with autism spectrum disorders SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; clonidine; sleep disorders; attention deficit hyperactivity disorders; aggression; mood instability ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SLEEP PROBLEMS; DOUBLE-BLIND; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CONDUCT DISORDER; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLACEBO; SYMPTOMS AB Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit sleep and behavioral disorders. Treatment of sleep disorders can be difficult in these children. Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to be effective in reducing impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity, as well as in serving as a sedative for medial procedures. An open labeled retrospective study of clonidine in treatment of insomnia, and/or hyperactivity, inattention, mood disorder, and aggressive behaviors was conducted using parent reports of sleep initiation and maintenance, as well as behaviors prior and during clonidine treatment. Clonidine was effective in reducing sleep initiation latency and night awakening, to a less degree in improving attention deficits hyperactivity, mood instability and aggressiveness in this cohort of 19 children with ASD. The side,effects were largely tolerable. Further evaluation with placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of clonidine use in ASD will provide more insight into the clinical efficacy and safety of the medicine in ASD. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ming, Xue] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Gordon, Emily] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Kang, Ning] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Wagner, George C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Ming, X (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Pediat, 90 Bergen St,Doctors Off Ctr 8100, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM mingxu@umdnj.edu CR Agarwal V, 2001, MENT RETARD, V39, P259, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0259:DBPCTO>2.0.CO;2 ALI N. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 7 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.12.007 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 329CB UT WOS:000257843400003 PM 18280681 ER PT J AU Zannolli, R Buoni, S de Santi, M Miracco, C Vonella, G Tassini, M Vivi, A Viviano, M Rossi, T Orsi, A Scarinci, R D'Ambrosio, A Livi, W Volterrani, L Fois, A Willems, P Hayek, J AF Zannolli, Raffaella Buoni, Sabrina de Santi, Margherita Miracco, Clelia Vonella, Giuseppina Tassini, Maria Vivi, Antonio Viviano, Massimo Rossi, Tiziana Orsi, Alessandra Scarinci, Renato D'Ambrosio, Alfonso Livi, Walter Volterrani, Luca Fois, Alberto Willems, Patrick Hayek, Joseph TI New neurocutaneous syndrome with defect in cell trafficking and melanosome pathway: The future challenge SO BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cell trafficking; intracellular vesicular compartment; melanosomes; mental delay; neurocutaneous syndrome ID ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA SYNDROME; INBORN-ERRORS; MENTAL DELAY; SPECTROSCOPY; OSTEOPENIA; METABOLISM; PTOSIS; CHILD AB Objective: Case study of a CNS impairment lacking in presumptive cause; case presents with a clinical phenotype encompassing multiple differently expressed and combined symptoms, as well as a subtle skin defect. Materials and methods: A 6-year-old male with apparently isolated mental delay, speech delay, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and subtle and insignificant skin dyschromias. The patient underwent a systematic evaluation, including clinical history; medical, neurological and ophthalmologic examinations. Skin, teeth, nails, hair and sudation were examined for defects, Routine laboratory tests for blood, urine, were performed. The proband had thyroid function tests, electrocardiography, genitourinary system and abdominal examinations. Special examinations pertaining to mental performance, biochemistry, chromosome studies, imaging and electrodiagnostic studies, and skin biopsy were also performed. Results: Investigators ruled out genetic syndromes, congenital infections, fetal deprivation, perinatal insults, intrauterine exposure to drug abuse, and postnatal events such as CNS infections as possible common causes of brain impairment. Being all further test negative, the patient exhibited an ultrastructural defect of the skin, identical to that previously described [Buoni S, Zannolli R, de Santi MM, Macucci F, Hayek J, Orsi A et al. Neurocutaneous syndrome with mental delay, autism, blockage in intracellular vesicular trafficking and melanosome defects. Eur J Neurol 2006;13:842-51], suggesting that some cell compartments, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and the vesicular zone (racket) of Birbeck granules, sharing similar components, can be altered, resulting in a common defect in cell trafficking, associated to melanosome defects. Conclusions: This new devasting, ultrastructural phenotype accompanied by apparently unspecific and mixed neurological symptoms should represent a future challenge to finally discover the pathogenesis of many childhood CNS symptoms, that currently seem to lack any apparent cause. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zannolli, Raffaella; Scarinci, Renato; D'Ambrosio, Alfonso; Fois, Alberto] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Azienda Osped Univ Senese, Sect Pediat Neurol,Dept Pediat, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Zannolli, Raffaella; Scarinci, Renato; D'Ambrosio, Alfonso; Fois, Alberto] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Azienda Osped Univ Senese, Pediat Neuropsychiat Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [de Santi, Margherita; Miracco, Clelia; Rossi, Tiziana] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Sect Pathol Anat & Istol, Dept Human Pathol & Oncol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Viviano, Massimo] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Dept Odontostomatol Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Livi, Walter] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Dept ENT, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Volterrani, Luca] Univ Siena, Policlin Le Scotte, Sect Radiol & Radiotherapy, Dept Human Pathol & Oncol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Willems, Patrick] GENDIA Network, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. 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C1 [Tavares, Paula] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Inst Biofis & Engn Biomed, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lawrence, Andrew D.; Barnard, Philip J.] MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England. [Lawrence, Andrew D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Wales Inst Cognit Neurosci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. RP Tavares, P (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Inst Biofis & Engn Biomed, Campo Grande, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. 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Cortex PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1876 EP 1885 DI 10.1093/cercor/bhm212 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 328GV UT WOS:000257787300013 PM 18065722 ER PT J AU Sadoni, N Targosz, BS Englmann, A Fesser, S Koch, J Schindelhauer, D Zink, D AF Sadoni, Nicolas Targosz, Bianca-Sabrina Englmann, Andreas Fesser, Stephanie Koch, Jeannette Schindelhauer, Dirk Zink, Daniele TI Transcription-dependent spatial arrangements of CFTR and conserved adjacent loci are not conserved in human and murine nuclei SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID INTERPHASE CHROMOSOME TERRITORIES; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; CELL-NUCLEI; DNA-REPLICATION; GENE DENSITY; GLOBIN GENES; CHROMATIN; MOUSE; ORGANIZATION; AUTISM AB The human genes CFTR, ASZ1/GASZ, and CTTNBP2/CORTBP2 map to adjacent loci on chromosome 7q31 and display characteristic patterns of nuclear positioning, which strictly correlate with the state of activity. To address the evolutionary conservation of gene positioning, we investigated transcriptional activity and nuclear positioning of the highly conserved murine orthologs and of additional murine genes mapping to the region of conserved synteny on mouse chromosome 6. The results showed that all murine loci investigated constitutively localized in the nuclear interior irrespective of their functional state. Silenced loci did not display preferential association with the nuclear periphery or with chromocenters, respectively, and no differential positioning with respect to the chromosome 6 territory could be observed. This positional behavior of the murine loci was in striking contrast to the positioning of the human orthologs, and the results show that the transcription-dependent positioning of CFTR and adjacent loci has not been conserved. 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Liu, X. Harvard, C. Hildebrand, M. J. Rajcan-Separovic, E. Holden, J. J. A. Lewis, M. E. S. TI Autism-associated familial microdeletion of Xp11.22 SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE array comparative genomic hybridization; autism spectrum disorder; cleft lip/palate; microdeletion of Xp11.22; X-linked mental retardation ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; CLEFT LIP/CLEFT PALATE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; PHF8 GENE; MUTATIONS; SPECTRUM; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; DEFICITS AB We describe two brothers with autistic disorder, intellectual disability (ID) and cleft lip/palate with a microdeletion of Xp11.22 detected through screening individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) for microdeletions and duplications using 1-Mb resolution array comparative genomic hybridization. The deletion was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization/real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and shown to be inherited from their unaffected mother who had skewed (100%) X inactivation of the aberrant chromosome. RT-qPCR characterization of the del(X)(p11.22) region (similar to 53,887,000-54,359,000 bp) revealed complete deletion of the plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8) gene as well as deletions of the FAM120C and WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase 3 (WNK3) genes, for which a definitive phenotype has not been previously characterized. Xp11.2 is a gene-rich region within the critical linkage interval for several neurodevelopmental disorders. Rare interstitial microdeletions of Xp11.22 have been recognized with ID, craniofacial dysmorphism and/or cleft lip/palate and truncating mutations of the PHF8 gene within this region. Despite evidence implicating genes within Xp11.22 with language and cognitive development that could contribute to an ASD phenotype, their involvement with autism has not been systematically evaluated. Population screening of 481 (319 males/81 females) and 282 X chromosomes (90 males/96 females) in respective ASD and control cohorts did not identify additional subjects carrying this deletion. Our findings show that in addition to point mutations, a complete deletion of the PHF8 gene is associated with the X-linked mental retardation Siderius-Hamel syndrome (OMIM 300263) and further suggest that the larger size of the Xp11.22 deletion including genes FAM120C and WNK3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism. C1 [Lewis, M. E. S.] Univ British Columbia, Child & Family Res Inst, BC Childrens & Womens Hlth Center, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada. 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TI Deficient brainstem encoding of pitch in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE auditory brainstem; autism; pitch tracking; prosody ID FREQUENCY-FOLLOWING RESPONSE; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFERIOR COLLICULUS; AFFERENT PATTERNS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; EVOKED-RESPONSES; SPEECH SOUNDS; HEARING-LOSS; LANGUAGE AB Objective: Deficient prosody is a hallmark of the pragmatic (socially contextualized) language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Prosody communicates emotion and intention and is conveyed through acoustic cues such as pitch contour. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the subcortical representations of prosodic speech in children with ASD. Methods: Using passively evoked brainstem responses to speech syllables with descending and ascending pitch contours, we examined sensory encoding of pitch in children with ASD who had normal intelligence and hearing and were age-matched with typically developing (TD) control children. Results: We found that some children on the autism spectrum show deficient pitch tracking (evidenced by increased Frequency and Slope Errors and reduced phase locking) compared with TD children. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of subcortical involvement in prosody encoding deficits in this population of children. Significance: Our findings may have implications for diagnostic and remediation strategies in a subset of children with ASD and open up an avenue for future investigations. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. C1 [Russo, N. 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Neurophysiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1720 EP 1731 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.01.108 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 331PD UT WOS:000258023300005 PM 18558508 ER PT J AU Senju, A Csibra, G Johnson, MH AF Senju, Atsushi Csibra, Gergely Johnson, Mark H. TI Understanding the referential nature of looking: Infants' preference for object-directed gaze SO COGNITION LA English DT Article DE eye gaze; face; infant; looking time; social cognition ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; NEURAL BASIS; EYE CONTACT; PERCEPTION; SHIFTS; ATTRIBUTION; HYPOTHESIS; AUTISM AB In four experiments, we investigated whether 9-month-old infants are sensitive to the relationship between gaze direction and object location and whether this sensitivity depends on the presence of communicative cues like eye contact. Infants observed a face, which repeatedly shifted its eyes either toward, or away from, unpredictably appearing objects. 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Costi TI Autism and digital learning environments: Processes of interaction and mediation SO COMPUTERS & EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism; digital learning environments; social interaction; mediation process AB Using a socio-historical perspective to explain social interaction and taking advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) currently available for creating digital learning environments (DLEs), this paper seeks to redress the absence of empirical data concerning technology-aided social interaction between autistic individuals. In terms of social interaction, autism can be likened to the negative of a photograph and it is currently one of the most disturbing and challenging syndromes. This study puts forward another viewpoint on the processes of interaction and mediation established in digital environments. 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TI It's fascinating research - The cognition of verbal irony SO CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE verbal irony; sarcasm; figurative language; parallel constraint satisfaction; communicative intent; humor ID DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; COMPREHENSION; AUTISM; MIND AB Verbal irony is nonliteral language that makes salient a discrepancy between expectations and reality. For researchers who study verbal irony, a critical question is: How do we grasp the meaning of ironic language? The parallel-constraint-satisfaction approach holds promise as an answer to this question. By this account, multiple cues to ironic intent, such as tone of voice, incongruity, and knowledge of the speaker, are processed rapidly and in parallel and this information is coordinated with the utterance itself in order to construct a coherent interpretation that is the best fit for the activated information. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00591.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 331BK UT WOS:000257987500010 ER PT J AU Gatto, CL Broadie, K AF Gatto, Cheryl L. Broadie, Kendal TI Temporal requirements of the fragile X mental retardation protein in the regulation of synaptic structure SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Drosophila; gene-switch; neuromuscular junction; bouton; futsch ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; PRESYNAPTIC TRANSMITTER RELEASE; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; MOUSE MODEL; NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; DEPENDENT TRANSLATION; MICROTUBULE STABILITY; RETROGRADE SIGNAL; DENDRITIC SPINES; CIRCADIAN OUTPUT AB Fragile X syndrome (FraX), caused by the loss-of-function of one gene ( FMR1), is the most common inherited form of both mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders. The FMR1 product ( FMRP) is an mRNA-binding translation regulator that mediates activity-dependent control of synaptic structure and function. To develop any FraX intervention strategy, it is essential to define when and where FMRP loss causes the manifestation of synaptic defects, and whether the reintroduction of FMRP can restore normal synapse properties. In the Drosophila FraX model, dFMRP loss causes neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse over-elaboration ( overgrowth, overbranching, excess synaptic boutons), accumulation of development-arrested satellite boutons, and altered neurotransmission. We used the Gene-Switch method to conditionally drive dFMRP expression to define the spatiotemporal requirements in synaptic mechanisms. Constitutive induction of targeted neuronal dFMRP at wild-type levels rescues all synaptic architectural defects in Drosophila Fmr1 (dfmr1)-null mutants, demonstrating a presynaptic requirement for synapse structuring. By contrast, presynaptic dFMRP expression does not ameliorate functional neurotransmission defects, indicating a postsynaptic dFMRP requirement. Strikingly, targeted early induction of dFMRP effects nearly complete rescue of synaptic structure defects, showing a primarily early-development role. In addition, acute dFMRP expression at maturity partially alleviates dfmr1-null defects, although rescue is not as complete as either early or constitutive dFMRP expression, showing a modest capacity for late-stage structural plasticity. We conclude that dFMRP predominantly acts early in synaptogenesis to modulate architecture, but that late dFMRP introduction at maturity can weakly compensate for early absence of dFMRP function. C1 [Gatto, Cheryl L.; Broadie, Kendal] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Broadie, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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TI Serotonin and dopamine transporter binding in children with autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP McDougle, CJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. CR McDougle C. J., 2003, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, P199 MCDOUGLE CJ, 2008, CLIN HDB OBSESSIVE C, P238 McDougle CJ, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, P9 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 8 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 333LQ UT WOS:000258154400003 PM 18754890 ER PT J AU Makkonen, I Riikonen, R Kokki, H Airaksinen, MM Kuikka, JT AF Makkonen, Ismo Riikonen, Raili Kokki, Hannu Airaksinen, Mauno M. Kuikka, Jyrki T. TI Serotonin and dopamine transporter binding in children with autism determined by SPECT SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOR-BETA-CIT; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; BRAIN; DISORDER; TOMOGRAPHY; GENE AB Disturbances in the serotonergic system have been recognized in autism. To investigate the association between serotonin and dopamine transporters and autism, we studied 15 children (14 males, one female; mean age 8y 8mo [SD 3y 10mo]) with autism and 10 non-autistic comparison children (five males, five females; mean age 9y 10mo [SD 2y 8mo]) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [I-123] nor-beta-CIT. The children, with autism were studied during light sedation. They showed reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) binding capacity in the medial frontal cortex, midbrain, and temporal lobe areas. However, after correction due to the estimated effect of sedation, the difference remained significant only in the medial frontal cortex area (p=0.002). In the individuals with autism dopamine transporter (DAT) binding did not differ from that of the comparison group. The results indicate that SERT binding capacity is disturbed in autism. The reduction is more evident in adolescence than in earlier childhood. The low SERT binding reported here and the low serotonin synthesis capacity shown elsewhere may indicate maturation of a lesser number of serotonergic nerve terminals in individuals with autism. C1 [Makkonen, Ismo] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Unit Child Neurol, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Kokki, Hannu] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Anaesthesiol & Intens Care, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. [Airaksinen, Mauno M.] Univ Kuopio, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Kuikka, Jyrki T.] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland. RP Makkonen, I (reprint author), Kuopio Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Unit Child Neurol, POB 1777, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. 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The aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate the prevalence of autism in children with parents from Somalia, living in Stockholm county, and to compare the prevalence in children of Somali background with that in the non-Somali group. We reviewed the records of 17 children (13 males, four females), born between 1988 and 1998 (age range 7-17y) and with a Somali background, who had a diagnosis of autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) and were registered at either of the two autism habilitation centres for school-aged children. The prevalence of autistic disorder or PDDNOS was found to be three to four times higher than in the non-Somali group (0.7% vs 0.19%). All children also had learning disability.* Our findings warrant further investigations of possible aetiological factors behind the increased prevalence of autistic disorders in children of Somali origin found in this area in Sweden. C1 [Fernell, Elisabeth] Habilitat Ctr Sch Children Autism, S-10462 Stockholm, Sweden. [Barnevik-Olsson, Martina] Jarva BUP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Stockholm, Sweden. [Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Fernell, E (reprint author), Habilitat Ctr Sch Children Autism, S-10462 Stockholm, Sweden. 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In more mature stages of development and in adults, GABA(A) receptors acquire their classical hyperpolarizing signaling. The switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA(A)-ergic signaling is triggered through the developmental shift in the balance of chloride cotransporters that either increase (i.e. NKCC1) or decrease (i.e. KCC2) intracellular chloride. The maturation of GABA(A) signaling follows sex-specific patterns, which correlate with the developmental expression profiles of chloride cotransporters. This has first been demonstrated in the substantia nigra, where the switch occurs earlier in females than in mates. As a result, there are sensitive periods during development when drugs or conditions that activate GABA(A) receptors mediate different transcriptional effects in mates and females. Furthermore, neurons with depolarizing or hyperpolarizing GABA(A)-ergic signaling respond differently to neurotrophic factors like estrogens. Consequently, during sensitive developmental periods, GABA(A) receptors may act as broadcasters of sexually differentiating signals, promoting gender-appropriate brain development. This has particular implications in epilepsy, where both the pathophysiology and treatment of epileptic seizures involve GABA(A) receptor activation. It is important therefore to study separately the effects of these factors not only on the course of epilepsy but also design new treatments that may not necessarily disturb the gender-appropriate brain development. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galanopoulou, Aristea S.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Kennedy Ctr, Saul R Korey Dept Neurol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Galanopoulou, Aristea S.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dominick P Purpura Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Galanopoulou, AS (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Kennedy Ctr, Saul R Korey Dept Neurol, 1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM agalan@aecom.yu.edu FU NIH NINDS [45243]; Rett Syndrome Research Foundation FX I would like to acknowledge the grant support from NIH NINDS (grant 45243) and the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.013 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 341QE UT WOS:000258728900001 PM 18524541 ER PT J AU Skovgaard, AM Houmann, T Christiansen, E Olsen, EM Landorph, SL Lichtenberg, A Jorgensen, T AF Skovgaard, Anne Mette Houmann, Tine Christiansen, Eva Olsen, Else Marie Landorph, Susanne Lassen Lichtenberg, Anne Jorgensen, Torben TI Can a general health surveillance between birth and 10 months identify children with mental disorder at 1 1/2 year? A case-control study nested in cohort CCC 2000 SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE screening; mental health; infant-toddler; psychopathology; birth cohort; risks ID ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUTISM; DESIGN AB Mental health surveillance in infancy was studied in an existing child health surveillance programme with child psychiatric disorder at 1 1/2 year as the outcome. Methods Children considered of concern by community health nurses were cases in a case control study nested in the Copenhagen Child Cohort (CCC 2000). Outcome was mental health status at 1 1/2 year assessed by clinical and standardised strategies, including videotape recordings, parent interviews and the instruments: CBCL 1 1/2-5, ITSCL, CHAT, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, PC ERA and PIRGAS. Results The positive predictive value of concern in the first 10 months of living was 24% (CI 17.0-31.9), the negative predictive value was 85% (CI 77.9-89.6) and the sensitivity was 56% (CI 42.4-69.0). Concern about development was significantly associated with the child having a neuro-developmental disorder at 1 1/2 year, and concern about mother-child relationship was associated with emotional, behavioural, eating, and sleeping disturbances. Conclusions A general health surveillance program seems to have potentials to identify infants at risk for mental health problems provided standardised measures and specific training of the involved health professionals. C1 [Skovgaard, Anne Mette; Houmann, Tine; Christiansen, Eva; Olsen, Else Marie; Landorph, Susanne Lassen] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Ctr, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. [Olsen, Else Marie; Jorgensen, Torben] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. [Lichtenberg, Anne] Dept Res & Dev Hlth Care, Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark. RP Skovgaard, AM (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Ctr, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s00787-007-0666-4 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 356MJ UT WOS:000259782000005 PM 18301939 ER PT J AU Leboyer, M AF Leboyer, M. TI The first autism disease genes: role of synapse formation SO EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Congress of the European-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Coll Neuropsychopharmacol ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MUTATIONS C1 [Leboyer, M.] Univ Paris 12, Dept Psychiat & Psychiat Genet, INSERM Unit, Creteil, France. CR Durand CM, 2007, NAT GENET, V39, P25, DOI 10.1038/ng1933 Jamain S, 2003, NAT GENET, V34, P27, DOI 10.1038/ng1136 Melke J, 2008, MOL PSYCHIATR, V13, P90, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4002016 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-977X J9 EUR NEUROPSYCHOPHARM JI Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 SU 4 BP S173 EP S173 DI 10.1016/S0924-977X(08)70161-5 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 353UK UT WOS:000259593800052 ER PT J AU Walker, MA AF Walker, Michael A. TI Treatment of autism spectrum disorders: neurotransmitter signaling pathways involved in motivation and reward as therapeutic targets SO EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS LA English DT Review DE acetylcholine; Asperger; dopamine; gamma-aminobutyric acid; nicotinic acid; oxyrocin; Rett; vasopressin ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AMINO-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; PEPTIDE-HORMONE-OXYTOCIN; VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; GABA(A) RECEPTORS; MESSENGER-RNA; DOUBLE-BLIND; ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID AB Background: There is a growing body of literature describing the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Some of the targets suggested belong to neurochemical transmitter pathways implicated in the behavior and motivation reward pathway. Objective: To examine data linking potential targets to ASD and the feasibility of developing drugs targeting these pathways. While the inhibitors are mostly being developed for other indications, it is beneficial to examine them to determine the responsiveness of the targets to small-molecule modulation. Methods: A search in Medline and Scifinder(R) for articles concerning relevant targets in the context of ASD and their relation to the reward signaling pathway. Results: There is evidence suggesting that behaviors controlled by these targets are related to behaviors exhibited by individuals with ASD. The targets appear to be involved in neurotransmitter pathways controlling motivation and reward, further implicating this system in ASD. Sufficient research has been conducted to identify lead compounds for discovering agents for treatment of ASD. 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Ther. Targets PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 8 BP 949 EP 967 DI 10.1517/14728220802198140 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 330CL UT WOS:000257916900004 PM 18620518 ER PT J AU Kumbier, E Haack, K Herpertz, SC AF Kumbier, E. Haack, K. Herpertz, S. C. TI Autism: Exploring historical psychiatric and psychological concepts SO FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Article DE autism; Bleuler; history of psychiatry; psychopathology; schizophrenia ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; PSYCHOPATHY AB Autism today is a widely used term, yet what is understood by autism has changed considerably since first being introduced in scientific discourse almost 100 years ago. Autism is one example for the influence of the psychoanalytic school of Sigmund Freud on scientific psychiatry at the beginning of the 20th century. In particular psychoanalysis had an impact on Eugen Bleuler's concept of schizophrenia. The Swiss psychiatrist did not only acknowledge and follow a biological, but also a psychological approach to psychiatry and thus opened up his subject to psychoanalytic thoughts. This paper provides insights into the term's conceptual history - or, more specifically and precisely - sheds light on the expansion of the term's scope, which got to be used for more and more symptoms and phenomena. When Bleuler first presented the term autism, he used it to refer to a classical schizophrenic symptom. Since, however, Bleuler was not very specific and exclusive in his definition, the term was soon used for other phenomena as well, such as to describe a schizoid symptom in the sense of today's schizoid personality disorder (schizoid autism). The concepts of autistic hebephrenia and depressive autism are further examples how the term was used and give insight into how the contents behind the term changed, got less and less specific and widened its scope. Due to its growing vagueness its suitability and usability as a psychopathological term decreased. This process further was strengthened when the word autism got more and more widely used in colloquial language for different aspects of day-to-day routine and thinking. Thus in psychiatry today, autism is exclusively used in connection with the so-called autism spectrum disorders, but has, as other formerly exclusively technical terms, different and rather unspecific meanings in everyday communication. C1 [Kumbier, E.; Herpertz, S. C.] Univ Rostock, Klin & Poliklin Psychiat & psychotherapie, Zentrum Nervenheilkunde, D-18147 Rostock, Germany. RP Kumbier, E (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Klin & Poliklin Psychiat & psychotherapie, Zentrum Nervenheilkunde, Gehlsheimer Str 20, D-18147 Rostock, Germany. 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Identifying the thresholds at which each body system perceives, how much, how often, how long the gravity stimulus is needed and in which direction should it be presented for maximum effectiveness, is fundamental knowledge required for using artificial gravity as a therapeutic or maintenance countermeasure treatment in exploration missions. Here on earth, although Surrounded by gravity we are negligent in using gravity as it was intended, to maintain the level of health that is appropriate to living in 1G. These, changes in lifestyle or pathologies caused by various types of injury call benefit as well from artificial gravity ill Much the same way as we are now considering for astronauts in space. C1 [Kourtidou-Papadeli, C.; Papadelis, C. L.; Vernikos, J.; PD, Bamidis; Perantoni, E.] Greek Aerosp Med Assoc & Space Res, Thessaloniki, Greece. [PD, Bamidis] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Med, Lab Med Informat, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. 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This paper introduces a self-organizing map (SOM)-based computational model of sensory abnormalities in autism, and of a feedback system to compensate for them. Feedback relies on a measure of balance of coverage over four (sensory) domains. Different methods to compute this measure are discussed, as is the flexibility to configure the system using different control mechanisms. Statistically significant improvements throughout training are demonstrated for compensation of a simple (i.e., monotonically decreasing) hypersensitivity in one of the domains. Fine-tuning control parameters can lead to further gains, but a standard setup results in good performance. Significant improvements are also shown for complex hypersensitivities (i.e., increasing and decreasing through time) in two domains. Although naturally best suited to compensate hypersensitivities-stimuli filtering may mitigate neuron migration to a hypersensitive domain-the system is also shown to perform effectively when compensating hyposensitivities. With poor coverage balance in the model akin to poor global perception, WCC would be consistent with inadequate feedback, resulting in uncontrolled hyper- and/or hyposensitivities characteristic of autism, as seen in the topologies of the resulting SOMs. C1 RMS Instruments Ltd, Mississauga, ON L4V 1L9, Canada. RP Noriega, G (reprint author), RMS Instruments Ltd, Mississauga, ON L4V 1L9, Canada. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1402 EP 1414 DI 10.1109/TNN.2008.2000447 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 338KD UT WOS:000258505700007 PM 18701370 ER PT J AU Liu, CC Conn, K Sarkar, N Stone, W AF Liu, Changchun Conn, Karla Sarkar, Nilanjan Stone, Wendy TI Online affect detection and robot behavior adaptation for intervention of children with autism SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE DE autism intervention; closed-loop human-robot interaction (HRI); physiological sensing ID HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION; EMOTION RECOGNITION; SOCIAL-SKILLS; ANXIETY; PEOPLE; TASK AB Investigation into robot-assisted intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has gained momentum in recent years. Therapists involved in interventions must overcome the communication impairments generally exhibited by children with ASD by adeptly inferring the affective cues of the children to adjust the intervention accordingly. Similarly, a robot must also be able to understand the affective needs of these children-an ability that the current robot-assisted ASD intervention systems lack-to achieve effective interaction that addresses the role of affective states in human-robot interaction and intervention practice. In this paper, we present a physiology-based affect-inference mechanism for robot-assisted intervention where the robot can detect the affective states of a child with ASD as discerned by a therapist and adapt its behaviors accordingly. This paper is the first step toward developing "understanding" robots for use in future ASD intervention. Experimental results with six children with ASD from a proof-of-concept experiment (i.e., a robot-based basketball game) are presented. The robot learned the individual liking level of each child with regard to the game configuration and selected appropriate behaviors to present the task at his/her preferred liking level. Results show that the robot automatically predicted individual liking level in real time with 81.1 % accuracy. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that the affective states of children with ASD have been detected via a physiology-based affect recognition technique in real time. This is also the first time that the impact of affect-sensitive closed-loop interaction between a robot and a child with ASD has been demonstrated experimentally. C1 [Liu, Changchun; Conn, Karla; Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Stone, Wendy] TRIAD, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Stone, Wendy] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, MARI, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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Ted Frackowiak, Janusz TI Application of neuronal progenitors to study pathomechanisms of autism in vitro SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mazur-Kolecka, Bozena; Cohen, Ira L.; Jenkins, Edmund C.; Brown, W. Ted; Frackowiak, Janusz] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM mazur-kolecka@omr.state.ny.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 341HK UT WOS:000258704600022 ER PT J AU Robledo, JA Donnellan, AM AF Robledo, Jodi A. Donnellan, Anne M. TI Properties of supportive relationships from the perspective of academically successful individuals with autism SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; STUDENTS; CHILDREN; LIFE AB This qualitative Study explored supportive relationships from the perspective of 5 academically successful individuals with autism. To ensure that data were rich and based on personal experience, participants with autism identified between 2 and 4 people with whom they had a successful supportive relationship. The participants in this study identified and described properties within these relationships. Analysis of in-depth interviews and documents using the constant comparative method revealed 6 properties of the Successful supportive relationships: trust, intimacy, the presumption of competence, understanding, shared vision of independence, and good communication. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1352/2008.46:299-310 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 339WX UT WOS:000258609100004 PM 18671444 ER PT J AU Lim, MA Stack, CM Cuasay, K Stone, MM McFarlane, HG Waschek, JA Hill, JM AF Lim, Maria A. Stack, Conor M. Cuasay, Katrina Stone, Madeleine M. McFarlane, Hewlet G. Waschek, James A. Hill, Joanna M. TI Regardless of genotype, offspring of VIP-deficient female mice exhibit developmental delays and deficits in social behavior SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vasoactive intestinal peptide; developmental milestones; developmental delays; social behavior; neurodevelopmental disorders; autism; neuropeptide; maternal attachment; play behavior ID VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; DEPENDENT NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE; EMBRYONIC GROWTH; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; IGF-I; MOUSE; ANTAGONIST AB Pharmacological studies indicate that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may be necessary for normal embryonic development in the mouse. For example, VIP antagonist treatment before embryonic day I I resulted in developmental delays, growth restriction, modified adult brain chemistry and reduced social behavior. Here, developmental milestones, growth, and social behaviors of neonates of VIP-deficient mothers (VIP +/-) mated to VIP +/- males were compared with the offspring of wild type mothers (VIP +/+) mated to VIP +/+ and +/- males, to assess the contributions of both maternal and offspring VIP genotype. Regardless of their own genotype, all offsprings of VIP-deficient mothers exhibited developmental delays. No delays were seen in the offspring of wild type mothers, regardless of their own genotype. Body weights were significantly reduced in offspring of VIP-deficient mothers, with VIP null (-/-) the most affected. Regardless of genotype, all offspring of VIP-deficient mothers expressed reduced maternal affiliation compared with wild type offspring of wild type mothers; +/- offspring of wild type mothers did not differ in maternal affiliation from their wild type littermates. Play behavior was significantly reduced in all offsprings of VIP-deficient mothers. Maternal behavior did not differ between wild type and VIP-deficient mothers, and cross-fostering of litters did not change offspring development, indicating that offspring deficits were induced prenatally. This study illustrated that the VIP status of a pregnant mouse had a greater influence on the growth, development and behavior of her offspring than the VIP genotype of the offspring themselves. Deficiencies were apparent in +/+, +/- and -/- offspring born to VIP-deficient mothers; no deficiencies were apparent in +/- offspring born to normal mothers. These results underscore the significant contribution of the uterine environment to normal development and indicate a potential usefulness of the VIP knockout mouse in furthering the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders with social behavior deficits such as autism. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISDN. C1 [Lim, Maria A.; Stack, Conor M.; Cuasay, Katrina; Stone, Madeleine M.; McFarlane, Hewlet G.; Hill, Joanna M.] NIMH, Behav Sci Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McFarlane, Hewlet G.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Psychol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Waschek, James A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), NIMH, Behav Sci Lab, NIH, Bldg 35,Room 1C903,35 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.03.002 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 312EC UT WOS:000256650900006 PM 18423945 ER PT J AU Weiss, HR Liu, X Chi, OZ AF Weiss, Harvey R. Liu, Xia Chi, Oak Z. TI Cerebral O-2 consumption in young Eker rats, effects of GABA blockade: implications for autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; gamma-aminobutyric acid; GABA(A) receptors; cerebral blood flow; cerebral O-2 consumption ID RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BICUCULLINE; METABOLISM; ISCHEMIA; SYSTEM AB Since there is a strong correlation between tuberous sclerosis and autism, we used a tuberous sclerosis model (Eker rat) to test the hypothesis that the increased regional cerebral O-2 consumption in the Eker rat might be associated with autism. We also examined whether this increased cerebral O-2 consumption was related to changes in the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory system. Young (4 weeks) male control Long Evans (n = 14) and Eker (n = 14) rats (70-100 g) were divided into control and bicuculline (1 mg/kg/min for 2 min then 0.1 mg/kg/min for 13 min, GABA(A) receptor antagonist) treated animals. Cerebral regional blood flow (C-14-iodoantipyrine) and O-2 consumption (cryomicrospectrophotometry) were determined in isoflurane anesthetized rats. We found significantly increased basal O-2 consumption in the cortex (6.3 +/- 0.7 ml O-2/min/100 g Eker vs. 5.1 +/- 0.2 ml O-2/min/100 g control), hippocampus and cerebellum, but not the pons. Regional cerebral blood flow was also elevated in the cortex and hippocampus in Eker rats at baseline, but cerebral O-2 extractions were similar. Bicuculline significantly increased O-2 consumption in the cortex (6.5 +/- 0.3) and all other regions of the control rats, but had no effect on cortex (5.9 +/- 1.5) or other regions of the Eker rats. Cerebral blood flow followed a similar pattern. In conclusion, Eker rats had significantly elevated cerebral O-2 consumption and blood flow, but this was not affected by GABA receptor blockade. This suggested a reduced activity of the GABA(A) receptor in the brains of Eker rats. This may have important implications in the treatment of autism. (C) 2008 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiss, Harvey R.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Liu, Xia; Chi, Oak Z.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Anesthesia, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Weiss, HR (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 675 Hoes Lane W, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 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J. Dev. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.01.002 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 312EC UT WOS:000256650900015 PM 18282678 ER PT J AU Grynszpan, O Martin, JC Nadelc, J AF Grynszpan, Ouriel Martin, Jean-Claude Nadelc, Jacqueline TI Multimedia interfaces for users with high functioning autism: An empirical investigation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE multimodality; autism; design; animated conversational agent; facial expression; training ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; ADULTS; VOCABULARY AB This article focuses on issues relevant to human-computer interaction in the case of autism. We designed training software that target specific communicative disorders attributed to autism and defined an empirical protocol to test this software. The experimental software platform that we developed manages each game's interface modalities and logs users' actions, for the purpose of exploring the impact of various human-computer interfaces, which involve text, speech and images. Ten adolescents diagnosed with autism used this software during 13 sessions, at the rate of one session per week. The first and last sessions were dedicated for evaluating participants' skills. The experiment was also performed by a group of 10 typically developing children matched on developmental age and academic level. Results show that participants with autism had poorer performances on the richer multimedia interfaces. They seemed to lack the initiative of organizing the available multimodal sources of information. In this article, we specifically discuss the impact of executive disorders on the use of multimodal interfaces with an emphasis on Animated Conversational Agents. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grynszpan, Ouriel] CNRS, LIMSI, F-91403 Orsay, France. [Martin, Jean-Claude] Univ Paris 08, CNRS, LIMSI, LINC, F-91403 Orsay, France. [Grynszpan, Ouriel; Nadelc, Jacqueline] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UMR 7593, F-75013 Paris, France. RP Grynszpan, O (reprint author), Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UMR 7593, 47 Bd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. EM ouriel@chups.jussieu.fr; martin@limsi.fr; jnadel@extjussieu.fr CR American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Attwood T, 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME GU BARBIERI T, 2004, EL P ICCHP 2004 PAR BaronCohen S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x Bernard-Opitz V, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P377, DOI 10.1023/A:1010660502130 Bosseler A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P653, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006002.82367.4f Chen M. 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J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 66 IS 8 BP 628 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.04.001 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 325GU UT WOS:000257577900004 ER PT J AU Ivarsson, T Melin, K AF Ivarsson, Tord Melin, Karin TI Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) SO JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE obsessive-compulsive disorder; autistic traits; autism spectrum disorders; co-morbidity; childhood; adolescence ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TIC DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; FAMILY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; RELIABILITY AB Objective: Assess the prevalence of autistic traits (AST) in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and relate them to OCD co-morbidity and compare them with published normative data. Methods: Pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 109) according to the DSM-IV were studied using parent ratings of the Autistic Symptom/Syndrome Questionnaire to assess AST symptoms as a continuous rather than categorical trait. The KSADS, a semi-structured psychiatric interview, was used for the psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. Also, the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was used to assess OCD severity and other clinical features. Results: AST was common among our patients. Symptom scores were highest in cases with co-morbid Autistic Spectrum Disorders, but cases with other co-morbidities as tics/Tourette and attention/behavioral disorders also scored higher. All sub-groups, including OCD without these co-morbidities scored higher than the Swedish normative group. Using ANOVA, co-morbid ASD and tics/Tourette (plus a term for gender by tic interaction indicating that girls with tics scored high, otherwise low) and pathological doubt contributed (R-2 = .41) to the AST-traits, while OCD severity and co-morbid anxiety- and depressive disorders did not. Conclusion: AST traits are prevalent in OCD and seem to be intricately associated with the co-morbidities as well as the OCD syndrome itself. The findings might have implication for our nosological understanding of OCD which currently is discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ivarsson, Tord] Ctr Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, N-0484 Oslo, Norway. [Ivarsson, Tord] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ivarsson, Tord; Melin, Karin] Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ivarsson, T (reprint author), R BUR, Postboks 4623 Nydalen, N-0405 Oslo, Norway. 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TI Comparison of form and motion coherence processing in autistic spectrum disorders and dyslexia SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high-functioning autism; Asperger's disorder; dyslexia; visual system; motion processing; form processing ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MAGNOCELLULAR DEFICIT THEORY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EYE-MOVEMENTS; DORSAL-STREAM; DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; VISUAL-ATTENTION; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; REACTION-TIME AB A large body of research has reported visual perception deficits in both people with dyslexia and autistic spectrum disorders. In this study, we compared form and motion coherence detection between a group of adults with high-functioning autism, a group with Asperger's disorder, a group with dyslexia, and a matched control group. It was found that motion detection was intact in dyslexia and Asperger. Individuals with high-functioning autism showed a general impaired ability to detect coherent form and motion. Participants with Asperger's syndrome showed lower form coherence thresholds than the dyslexic and normally developing adults. The results are discussed with respect to the involvement of the dorsal and ventral pathways in developmental disorders. C1 [Tsermentseli, Stella; O'Brien, Justin M.; Spencer, Janine V.] Brunel Univ, Ctr Cognit & Neuroimaging, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [O'Brien, Justin M.; Spencer, Janine V.] Brunel Univ, Ctr Res Infant Behav, Inst Psychol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Tsermentseli, S (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Ctr Cognit & Neuroimaging, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1210 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0500-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100001 PM 18034294 ER PT J AU Bauminger, N Solomon, M Aviezer, A Heung, K Brown, J Rogers, SJ AF Bauminger, Nirit Solomon, Marjorie Aviezer, Anat Heung, Kelly Brown, John Rogers, Sally J. TI Friendship in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder: Mixed and non-mixed dyads SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE high-functioning children with ASD; Asperger syndrome; friendship; social-emotional functioning ID PEER RELATIONSHIPS; MIDDLE CHILDHOOD; SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS; EMOTION REGULATION; SUPPORT NETWORKS; ATTACHMENT; COMPETENCE; ADJUSTMENT; ADOLESCENCE; PRESCHOOL AB Friendships containing a child with autism and a friend with typical development ("mixed" friendships, n = 26) and those of children with autism and a friend with a disability ("non-mixed," n = 16) were contrasted with friendships of typically developing subjects and their friends (n = 31). Measures included dyadic interaction samples, and interview and questionnaire data from subjects, friends, and parents. Mixed friendship interactions resembled typical friendships. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1211 EP 1229 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0501-2 PG 19 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100002 PM 18058212 ER PT J AU Auyeung, B Baron-Cohen, S Wheelwright, S Allison, C AF Auyeung, Bonnie Baron-Cohen, Simon Wheelwright, Sally Allison, Carrie TI The Autism Spectrum Quotient: Children's Version (AQ-Child) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version; Autism; sex differences ID ASPERGER; PHENOTYPE; PERSONALITY; DISORDERS; PARENTS AB The Autism Spectrum Quotient-Children's Version (AQ-Child) is a parent-report questionnaire that aims to quantify autistic traits in children 4-11 years old. The range of scores on the AQ-Child is 0-150. It was administered to children with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) (n = 540) and a general population sample (n = 1,225). Results showed a significant difference in scores between those with an ASC diagnosis and the general population. Receiver-operating-characteristic analyses showed that using a cut-off score of 76, the AQ-Child has high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (95%). The AQ-Child showed good test-retest reliability and high internal consistency. Factor analysis provided support for four of the five AQ-Child design subscales. Future studies should evaluate how the AQ-C performs in population screening. C1 [Auyeung, Bonnie; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Wheelwright, Sally; Allison, Carrie] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Auyeung, B (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1230 EP 1240 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0504-z PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100003 PM 18064550 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Best, CS Moffat, VJ Spencer, MD Philip, RCM Power, MJ Johnstone, EC AF Harris, Jonathan M. Best, Catherine S. Moffat, Vivien J. Spencer, Michael D. Philip, Ruth C. M. Power, Michael J. Johnstone, Eve C. TI Autistic traits and cognitive performance in young people with mild intellectual impairment SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum; intellectual impairment; central coherence; theory of mind; executive performance ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; DISORDERS; TASK AB Cognitive performance and the relationship between theory of mind (TOM), weak central coherence and executive function were investigated in a cohort of young people with additional learning needs. Participants were categorized by social communication questionnaire score into groups of 10 individuals within the autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) range, 14 within the pervasive developmental disorder range and 18 with few autistic traits. The ASD group were significantly poorer than the other groups on a test of cognitive flexibility. In the ASD group only, there was a strong relationship between executive performance and TOM which remained after controlling for IQ. Our findings suggest that the relationship between cognitive traits may more reliably distinguish autism than the presence of individual deficits alone. C1 [Harris, Jonathan M.; Best, Catherine S.; Moffat, Vivien J.; Spencer, Michael D.; Philip, Ruth C. M.; Power, Michael J.; Johnstone, Eve C.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hosp, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Harris, JM (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hosp, Div Psychiat, Kennedy Tower,Morningside Pk, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Midlothian, Scotland. 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TI Facial feedback mechanisms in Autistic Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; facial feedback; mimicry; imitation; emotions; facial expressions ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; NEWBORN-INFANTS; IMITATION; INDIVIDUALS; EXPRESSIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTION; ACTIVATION; EMOTIONS AB Facial feedback mechanisms of adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) were investigated utilizing three studies. Facial expressions, which became activated via automatic (Studies 1 and 2) or intentional (Study 2) mimicry, or via holding a pen between the teeth (Study 3), influenced corresponding emotions for controls, while individuals with ASD remained emotionally unaffected. Thus, individuals with ASD do not experience feedback from activated facial expressions as controls do. This facial feedback-impairment enhances our understanding of the social and emotional lives of individuals with ASD. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1270 EP 1277 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0507-9 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100007 PM 18058009 ER PT J AU Davis, NO Carter, AS AF Davis, Naomi Ornstein Carter, Alice S. TI Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE toddlers; parenting stress; autism spectrum disorders; mothers and fathers ID EMOTIONAL ASSESSMENT ITSEA; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; 3-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MATERNAL STRESS; FAMILY STRESS; DISABILITIES; PERCEPTIONS AB Elevated parenting stress is observed among mothers of older children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but little is known about parents of young newly-diagnosed children. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1278 EP 1291 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100008 PM 18240012 ER PT J AU Pan, CY AF Pan, Chien-Yu TI Objectively measured physical activity between children with autism spectrum disorders and children without disabilities during inclusive recess settings in Taiwan SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE physical activity; autism; children; recess; accelerometry ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS; YOUTH; MOTOR AB The purpose of this study was to compare the percent time children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during inclusive recess settings. Forty-eight children (ASD, 23 boys and 1 girl; Non-ASD, 23 boys and 1 girl) aged 7-12 years from 14 schools had their physical activity during recess quantified using a uniaxial accelerometer over a 5-day in school period. Children with ASD were less active during overall recess, lunchtime, first and second morning recess compared to those without disabilities (p < .01). All children in this study did not achieve 40% of recess time in physical activity, suggesting that interventions for increasing physical activity of children during inclusive recess settings are warranted. C1 Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. RP Pan, CY (reprint author), Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 116,He Ping 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. EM chpan@nknucc.nknu.edu.tw CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Berkeley SL, 2001, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V18, P405 Biddle SJH, 2004, J SPORT SCI, V22, P679, DOI 10.1080/02640410410001712412 DAVIES PSW, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V98, P349 *EX YUAN, 2006, LEV DIS Faison-Hodge J., 2004, ADAPTED PHYS ACTIVIT, V21, P139 FOLEY JT, 2005, THESIS U OREGON EUGE Fox KR, 2000, P NUTR SOC, V59, P497, DOI 10.1017/S0029665100000720 Freedson P. 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Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, HLTH PEOPL 2010, V2nd US Department of Health and Human Services, 2002, HLTH PEOPL 2010 VANDENBERGEMONS HJG, 1995, J PEDIATR-US, V127, P578, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70115-X Verstraete SJM, 2006, EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH, V16, P415, DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckl008 Wehmeyer ML, 2003, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V16, P255, DOI 10.1046/j.1468-3148.2003.00161.x Wolfberg P. J., 1999, PLAY IMAGINATION CHI Zask A, 2001, PREV MED, V33, P402, DOI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0905 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1292 EP 1301 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0518-6 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100009 PM 18157623 ER PT J AU Gadow, KD DeVincent, CJ Drabick, DAG AF Gadow, Kenneth D. DeVincent, Carla J. Drabick, Deborah A. G. TI Oppositional defiant disorder as a clinical phenotype in children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE oppositional defiant disorder; autism spectrum disorder; autism; Asperger's syndrome; PDDNOS; pervasive developmental disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DSM-IV; diagnosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ADHD SYMPTOM SUBTYPES; PAST 10 YEARS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CONDUCT DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; AGE-CHILDREN; ODD; COMORBIDITY AB To examine the validity of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as a clinical phenotype distinct from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents and teachers completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale and a background questionnaire for 608 children (ages 3-12 years) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD sample was separated into four groups: ODD, ADHD, ODD + ADHD, and neither (NONE). Comparison samples were non-ASD clinic (n = 326) and community (n > 800) controls. In the ASD sample, all three ODD/ADHD groups were clearly differentiated from the NONE group, and the ODD + ADHD group had the most severe co-occurring symptoms, medication use, and environmental disadvantage. There were few differences between ASD + ODD and ASD + ADHD groups. Findings for ASD and control samples were similar, supporting overlapping mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ODD. C1 [Gadow, Kenneth D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [DeVincent, Carla J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. [Drabick, Deborah A. G.] Temple Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Gadow, KD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Putnam Hall S Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM kenneth.gadow@stonybrook.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Burke JD, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P1275, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000024839.60748.E8 Carlson CL, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P1706, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199712000-00019 DeVincent CJ, 2007, J CHILD NEUROL, V22, P161, DOI 10.1177/0883073807300310 Dick DM, 2005, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V33, P219, DOI 10.1007/s10802-005-1829-8 Drabick DAG, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P92, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000242245.00174.90 Drabick DAG, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P735, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000120019.48166.le FEIGHNER JP, 1972, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V26, P57 Gadow K, 1994, CHILD SYMPTOM INVENT Gadow K. D., 2000, EARLY CHILDHOOD INVE Gadow K. D., 2002, CHILD SYMPTOM INVENT Gadow K. D., 1997, EARLY CHILDHOOD INVE Gadow KD, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P392, DOI 10.1177/1362361305056079 GADOW KD, 2007, SYMPTOM INVENTORIES Gadow KD, 2005, J CHILD NEUROL, V20, P481, DOI 10.1177/08830738050200060301 Gadow KD, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P379, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000037415.21458.93 Gadow KD, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P271, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0060-3 Gadow KD, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00306.x Gadow Kenneth D, 2007, J Atten Disord, V11, P374, DOI 10.1177/1087054706295609 Gadow KD, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P191, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00012 Hollingshead A. B., 1975, 4 FACTOR INDEX SOCIA Hudziak JJ, 2005, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V44, P907, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000169011.73912.27 Klin A, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P163, DOI 10.1023/A:1005415823867 Loeber R, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P1468, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Martin N, 2002, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V180, P260, DOI 10.1192/bjp.180.3.260 Nolan EE, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P241, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200102000-00020 ROBINS E, 1970, AM J PSYCHIAT, V126, P983 Sprafkin J, 2002, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V41, P604, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200205000-00018 Weisbrot DM, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P477, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.477 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1302 EP 1310 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0516-8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100010 PM 18188684 ER PT J AU Reichow, B Volkmar, FR Cicchetti, DV AF Reichow, Brian Volkmar, Fred R. Cicchetti, Domenic V. TI Development of the evaluative method for evaluating and determining evidence-based practices in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; evidence-based practice ID EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; PSYCHOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; QUALITY; SOCIETY AB Although research in autism has grown more sophisticated, the gap between research knowledge and applicability of research in real world settings has grown. There have been a number of different reviews of evidence-based practices of treatments for young children with autism. Reviews which have critically evaluated the empirical evidence have not found any treatments that can be considered evidence-based. Reasons for this shortcoming are explored, and a new method for the evaluation of empirical evidence is provided. Future uses of this evaluative method are provided as well as a discussion of how this tool might aid in narrowing the research to practice gap. C1 [Reichow, Brian] Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Dept Special Educ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Volkmar, Fred R.; Cicchetti, Domenic V.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Reichow, B (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Peabody Coll, Dept Special Educ, Box 328, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1311 EP 1319 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0517-7 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100011 PM 18095149 ER PT J AU Chambres, P Auxiette, C Vansingle, C Gil, S AF Chambres, Patrick Auxiette, Catherine Vansingle, Carole Gil, Sandrine TI Adult attitudes toward behaviors of a six-year-old boy with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; problematic and non-problematic behaviors; attitudes; standard of comparison ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDRENS ATTITUDES; DISABILITY; INDIVIDUALS; INTERVENTION; PERCEPTIONS; INFORMATION; INTENTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; STUDENTS AB Parents report that their children with autism are often judged as undisciplined and rude (e.g., Peeters, Autism: From theoretical understanding to educational intervention, 1997). The phenomenon of a negative view of individuals with autism was studied here. Four behaviors (two problematic and two non-problematic) produced by a six-year-old child with autism were assessed on social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions by 88 adults in an "informed" or "uninformed" condition. The child was perceived more positively when identified as having autism. However, this effect was dependent on the type of behavior and the evaluative dimension used. The results indicate that the mere fact of being informed of a child's disability triggers the use of a different standard of comparison than that employed to evaluate typical children (Mussweiler and Strack, J Pers Soc Psychol 78:1038-1052, 2000). C1 [Chambres, Patrick; Auxiette, Catherine; Vansingle, Carole; Gil, Sandrine] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Psychol Sociale & Cognit, UMR 6024, F-63037 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Chambres, P (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Psychol Sociale & Cognit, UMR 6024, 34 Ave Carnot, F-63037 Clermont Ferrand, France. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1320 EP 1327 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0519-5 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100012 PM 18297387 ER PT J AU Jarvinen-Pasley, A Peppe, S King-Smith, G Heaton, P AF Jarvinen-Pasley, Anna Peppe, Susan King-Smith, Gavin Heaton, Pamela TI The relationship between form and function level receptive prosodic abilities in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; language; perception; prosody; speech ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; SPEECH; INTONATION; DISCRIMINATION; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENT; PERCEPTION; SPEAKERS AB Prosody can be conceived as having form (auditory-perceptual characteristics) and function (pragmatic/linguistic meaning). No known studies have examined the relationship between form- and function-level prosodic skills in relation to the effects of stimulus length and/or complexity upon such abilities in autism. Research in this area is both insubstantial and inconclusive. Children with autism and controls completed the receptive tasks of the Profiling Elements of Prosodic Systems in Children (PEPS-C) test, which examines both form- and function-level skills, and a sentence-level task assessing the understanding of intonation. While children with autism were unimpaired in both form and function tasks at the single-word level, they showed significantly poorer performance in the corresponding sentence-level tasks than controls. Implications for future research are discussed. C1 [Peppe, Susan; King-Smith, Gavin] Queen Margaret Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Jarvinen-Pasley, Anna; Heaton, Pamela] Univ London, Goldsmiths Coll, London, England. RP Jarvinen-Pasley, A (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cognit Neurosci Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1328 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0520-z PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100013 PM 18172749 ER PT J AU Joosten, AV Bundy, AC AF Joosten, Annette V. Bundy, Anita C. TI The motivation of stereotypic and repetitive behavior: Examination of construct validity of the motivation assessment scale SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE motivation; stereotypic; repetitive; validity; Rasch analysis ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; AUTISM; RELIABILITY; DISORDERS; CHILDREN AB Construct validity of the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) (Durand, Crimmins, The Motivation Assessment Scale 1988) was studied using Rasch analysis data from 67 children (246 MASs), with dual diagnosis of autism and intellectual disability or with intellectual disability only. Results failed to support the proposed unidimensional construct or the original 4-factor structure. Some motivators appear to form a unidimensional construct: "to gain attention", "to gain a tangible object", and "to escape". There was evidence that sensory stimulation represents a different construct. Children with intellectual disability were more apt to be motivated by desire to gain a tangible item or attention. Children with the dual diagnoses were more apt to have sensory stimulation or escape from task demand as a motivator for stereotypic and repetitive behavior. C1 [Joosten, Annette V.; Bundy, Anita C.] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2165, Australia. RP Joosten, AV (reprint author), Ballarat Specialist Sch, 25 Gillies St, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia. 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V., 2004, INTRO RASCH MEASUREM, P575 Spreat S, 1996, AM J MENT RETARD, V100, P528 STURMEY P, 1988, J MENT DEFIC RES, V32, P31 Turner M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P839, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004278 WIESELER NA, 1985, MENT RETARD, V23, P230 Wright B. D., 1979, BEST TEST DESIGN NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0523-9 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100014 PM 18172748 ER PT J AU Mongillo, EA Irwin, JR Whalen, DH Klaiman, C Carter, AS Schultz, RT AF Mongillo, Elizabeth A. Irwin, Julia R. Whalen, D. H. Klaiman, Cheryl Carter, Alice S. Schultz, Robert T. TI Audiovisual processing in children with and without autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE audiovisual processing; visual influence; McGurk effect ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; LISTENING PREFERENCES; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INFANTS; INDIVIDUALS; INTEGRATION; STIMULI; HEARING AB Fifteen children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and twenty-one children without ASD completed six perceptual tasks designed to characterize the nature of the audiovisual processing difficulties experienced by children with ASD. Children with ASD scored significantly lower than children without ASD on audiovisual tasks involving human faces and voices, but scored similarly to children without ASD on audiovisual tasks involving nonhuman stimuli (bouncing balls). Results suggest that children with ASD may use visual information for speech differently from children without ASD. Exploratory results support an inverse association between audiovisual speech processing capacities and social impairment in children with ASD. C1 [Mongillo, Elizabeth A.; Carter, Alice S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Irwin, Julia R.; Whalen, D. H.] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT USA. [Klaiman, Cheryl; Schultz, Robert T.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Yale Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Mongillo, EA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. 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Through early diagnosis and intervention many of these children are now able to consider post secondary education. However, these students will need specific interventions and supports in order to be successful. This article reviews the nosology of ASDs, the legal basis for providing accommodations to students on the autism spectrum, and the incidence and prevalence of ASDs. The authors provide specific recommendations regarding the academic, independent living, social, vocational and counseling needs of college students who are on the autism spectrum. With a carefully planned transition, appropriate accommodations, and support, ASD students can be successful academically and socially in college. C1 [VanBergeijk, Ernst] New York Inst Technol, Vocat Independence Program, Cent Islip, NY 11722 USA. [Klin, Ami; Volkmar, Fred] Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. 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TI Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE emotion perception; face perception; scan path; eye tracking ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FACE RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; INFORMATION; FEATURES; EYES; DISCRIMINATION; ADOLESCENTS; INVERSION AB Typical adults use predictable scan patterns while observing faces. Some research suggests that people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) instead attend to eyes less, and perhaps to the mouth more. The current experiment was designed as a direct measure of scan paths that people with and without ASD use when identifying simple and complex emotions. Participants saw photos of emotions and chose emotion labels. Scan paths were measured via infrared corneal reflectance. Both groups looked significantly longer at eyes than mouth, and neither overall looking time at eyes nor first fixations distinguished the groups. These results are contrary to suggestions that those with ASD attend preferentially to the mouth and avoid the eyes. Furthermore, there was no interaction between group and area of the face: the ratio of attention between eyes and mouth did not differ between the ASD and control groups. However, those with ASD looked at the eyes less than the control group when viewing complex emotions. C1 [Rutherford, M. D.; Towns, Ashley M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RP Rutherford, MD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Psychol Neurosci & Behav, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM rutherm@mcmaster.ca CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARONCOHEN S, 1995, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V13, P379 BaronCohen S, 1997, VIS COGN, V4, P311, DOI 10.1080/713756761 Baron-Cohen S, 1992, MIND LANG, V6, P173 Barton JJS, 2001, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V92, P527, DOI 10.1348/000712601162329 BOUCHER J, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P843, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01960.x BOUCHER JD, 1975, J COMMUN, V25, P21, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1975.tb00577.x BRAVERMAN M, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02211848 Buitelaar JK, 1999, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V11, P39, DOI 10.1017/S0954579499001947 Caldara R, 2005, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V17, P1652, DOI 10.1162/089892905774597254 Celani G, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P57, DOI 10.1023/A:1025970600181 DAVIES G, 1977, PERCEPTION, V6, P263, DOI 10.1068/p060263 De Gelder B, 1991, EUROPEAN J COGNITIVE, V3, P69, DOI 10.1080/09541449108406220 Dunlap K, 1927, GENETIC PSYCHOL MONO, V2, P199 EKMAN P, 1971, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V17, P129 Faul F, 2007, BEHAV RES METHODS, V39, P175, DOI 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149 FRASER IH, 1990, PERCEPTION, V19, P661, DOI 10.1068/p190661 Gepner B, 1996, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V2, P123, DOI 10.1080/09297049608401357 Hadwin J, 1996, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V8, P345 HAIG ND, 1985, PERCEPTION, V14, P601, DOI 10.1068/p140601 HAIG ND, 1986, PERCEPTION, V15, P235, DOI 10.1068/p150235 Hanawalt NG, 1944, J GEN PSYCHOL, V31, P23 Happe F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P5, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 HOBSON RP, 1986, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V27, P321, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb01836.x HOBSON RP, 1988, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V79, P441 Howlin P., 1999, TEACHING CHILDREN AU Joseph RM, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P529, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00142 Klin A, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P499, DOI 10.1023/A:1022299920240 Klin A, 2002, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V59, P809, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 LANGDELL T, 1978, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V19, P255, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Loveland KA, 1997, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V9, P579 NISHIMURA M, 2007, VISUAL COGNITION OZONOFF S, 1990, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V31, P343, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x Pelphrey KA, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P249, DOI 10.1023/A:1016374617369 Plaisted K, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P375, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1211 Rutherford MD, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P187, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0151-9 Rutherford MD, 2007, VISION RES, V47, P2099, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2007.01.029 Schyns PG, 2002, PSYCHOL SCI, V13, P402, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00472 SERGENT J, 1984, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V10, P554, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.10.4.554 Silver M, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P299, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005003007 Spezio ML, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P144, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.027 Spezio ML, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P929, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0232-9 Sullivan LA, 1996, GENET SOC GEN PSYCH, V122, P389 TANAKA JW, 1993, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V46, P225 TANTAM D, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P623, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00274.x Teunisse JP, 2003, BRAIN COGNITION, V52, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00042-3 Teunisse JP, 2001, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P1, DOI 10.1076/chin.7.1.1.3150 van der Geest JN, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P669, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00055 NR 49 TC 68 Z9 68 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1371 EP 1381 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0525-7 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100017 PM 18297386 ER PT J AU McGonigle-Chalmers, M Bodner, K Fox-Pitt, A Nicholson, L AF McGonigle-Chalmers, Margaret Bodner, Kimberly Fox-Pitt, Alicia Nicholson, Laura TI Size sequencing as a window on executive control in children with autism and Asperger's Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE executive functioning; autism; Asperger's syndrome; working memory; sequencing ID PREFRONTAL COGNITIVE-PROCESSES; WORKING-MEMORY; INDIVIDUALS; DYSFUNCTION; DISORDERS; SERIATION; MIND AB A study is reported in which size sequencing on a touch screen is used as a measure of executive control in 20 high-functioning children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The data show a significant and age-independent effect of the length of sequence that can be executed without errors by these children, in comparison with a chronologically age-matched group of children with normal development. Error data and reaction times are analysed and are interpreted as revealing a constraint on the prospective component of working memory in children on the autistic spectrum even when there is no change in goal or perceptual set. It is concluded that the size sequencing paradigm is an effective measure of executive difficulties associated with autism. C1 [McGonigle-Chalmers, Margaret; Bodner, Kimberly; Fox-Pitt, Alicia; Nicholson, Laura] Univ Edinburgh, PPLS, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP McGonigle-Chalmers, M (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, PPLS, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, 7 George Sq, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM M.McGonigle@ed.ac.uk CR AMELI R, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P601, DOI 10.1007/BF02211878 *BMDP, 1992, STAT SOFTW CHALMERS M, 1997, PIAGET VYGOTSKY, P183 Courchesne E, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P245 COURCHESNE E, 1994, ATYPICAL COGNITIVE D Dawson G, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P179, DOI 10.1007/BF02172008 Frith U, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P672, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00262.x Goldberg MC, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P279, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3291-4 Goldstein G, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P433, DOI 10.1023/A:1010620820786 GRIFFITH EM, 1999, CHILD DEV, V70, P814 HALLETT PE, 1978, VISION RES, V18, P1279, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(78)90218-3 HERMELIN B, 1970, EXPT AUTISTIC CHILDR Hill EL, 2004, DEV REV, V24, P189, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Kaufman AS, 1983, KAUFMAN ASSESSMENT B LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MCGONIGLE B, 1993, EXPT ANAL ORDERING S MCGONIGLE B, 2007, INT J COMP IN PRESS McGonigle B., 1996, CRITICAL READINGS PI McGonigle B, 2003, ANIM COGN, V6, P185, DOI 10.1007/s10071-003-0174-y MINSHEW NJ, 2000, RES MENTAL RETARDATI, P111 Minshew NJ, 1999, NEUROLOGY, V52, P917 OCONNOR N, 1965, LANG SPEECH, V8, P197 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Ozonoff S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P257, DOI 10.1023/A:1010794902139 Ozonoff S, 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P179 Ozonoff S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1023052913110 Pascualvaca DM, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P467, DOI 10.1023/A:1026091809650 Pennington B. F., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS Piaget J., 1952, CHILDS CONCEPTION NU ROBBINS TW, 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS ROBERTS RJ, 1994, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V123, P374, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.123.4.374 Roberts RJ, 1996, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V12, P105 Russell J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P673, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01459.x Turner M., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS van der Geest JN, 2001, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V50, P614, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01070-8 Wechsler D., 1992, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Yirmiya N, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P2045, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01842.x NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1382 EP 1390 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0396-y PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100018 PM 17594137 ER PT J AU Messmer, RL Nader, R Craig, KD AF Messmer, Rosemary L. Nader, Rami Craig, Kenneth D. TI Brief report: Judging pain intensity in children with autism undergoing venepuncture: The influence of facial activity SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; pain; facial expression; observer report; biasing information ID CODING SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; INFANTS AB The biasing effect of pain sensitivity information and the impact of facial activity on observers' judgements of pain intensity of children with autism were examined. Observers received information that pain experience in children with autism is either the same as, more intense than, or less intense than children without autism. After viewing six video clips of children with autism undergoing venepuncture, observers estimated pain intensity using a visual analogue scale. Facial activity as coded by Chambers et al. (Child Facial Action Coding System Revised Manual, 1996) had a significant impact on observers' estimates of pain intensity; pain sensitivity information did not. These results have important implications for the assessment and management of pain in children with autism. C1 [Messmer, Rosemary L.; Nader, Rami; Craig, Kenneth D.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Educ, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Messmer, RL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Educ, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM rmessmer@interchange.ubc.ca CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Breau LM, 2001, CLIN J PAIN, V17, P178, DOI 10.1097/00002508-200106000-00011 Chambers CT, 1996, CHILD FACIAL CODING Craig KD, 1996, CLIN J PAIN, V12, P232, DOI 10.1097/00002508-199609000-00011 Gilbert CA, 1999, CLIN J PAIN, V15, P192, DOI 10.1097/00002508-199909000-00006 HADJISTAVROPOUL.HD, 1994, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V19, P483 Jensen M. P., 2001, HDB PAIN ASSESSMENT, V2nd, P15 LaChapelle DL, 1999, CLIN J PAIN, V15, P13, DOI 10.1097/00002508-199903000-00004 MCGRATH PJ, 1993, J PEDIATR-US, V122, pS2 Nader R, 2004, CLIN J PAIN, V20, P88, DOI 10.1097/00002508-200403000-00005 Powers M. D., 1989, CHILDREN AUTISM PARE PRKACHIN KM, 1983, CAN J BEHAV SCI, V15, P409, DOI 10.1037/h0080757 Schopler E., 1998, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT WALCO GA, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V331, P541, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199408253310812 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1391 EP 1394 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0511-0 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100019 PM 18161016 ER PT J AU Walenski, M Mostofsky, SH Gidley-Larson, JC Ullman, MT AF Walenski, Matthew Mostofsky, Stewart H. Gidley-Larson, Jennifer C. Ullman, Michael T. TI Brief report: Enhanced picture naming in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; language; memory; sex difference ID NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM; WORD PRODUCTION; LEXICAL ACCESS; HUMAN-MEMORY; LANGUAGE; ESTROGEN; SYSTEM; MODEL; BDNF AB Language and communication deficits are key diagnostic criteria for autism. However, not all aspects of language are equally affected. Here we present evidence of enhanced performance of a critical aspect of language-word processing-in children with autism. The results have implications for explanatory theories of autism and language, and for the development of therapeutic approaches. C1 [Walenski, Matthew; Ullman, Michael T.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Brain & Language Lab, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.; Gidley-Larson, Jennifer C.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ullman, MT (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Brain & Language Lab, POB 571464, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM michael@georgetown.edu CR Ben Shalom D, 2003, CORTEX, V39, P1129 Church K., 1988, 2 C APPL NAT LANG PR Egan MF, 2003, CELL, V112, P257, DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00035-7 Francis N., 1982, FREQUENCY ANAL ENGLI Friederici AD, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P78, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01839-8 FRITH U, 1994, COGNITION, V50, P115, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Hariri AR, 2003, J NEUROSCI, V23, P6690 Indefrey P, 2004, COGNITION, V92, P101, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001 Kessler B, 2002, J MEM LANG, V47, P145, DOI 10.1006/jmla.2001.2835 Kjelgaard MM, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P287 Levelt W. J., 1999, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V22, P38 Levelt WJM, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P13464, DOI 10.1073/pnas.231459498 Levelt WJM, 1999, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V22, P1 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Mostofsky SH, 2000, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V6, P752, DOI 10.1017/S1355617700677020 Muller RA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P19, DOI 10.1023/A:1025914515203 Murphy DD, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P11412, DOI 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11412 Pezawas L, 2004, J NEUROSCI, V24, P10099, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2680-04.2004 Reich W., 1997, DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW Scharfman HE, 2005, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V28, P79, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2004.12.005 Simpkins J. W., 1997, AM J MED, V103, P19 Spence Sarah J., 2006, UNDERSTANDING AUTISM, P1 Treffert DA, 2005, SCI AM, V293, P108 Tsai SJ, 2005, MED HYPOTHESES, V65, P79, DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.01.034 Ullman MT, 1999, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V14, P47, DOI 10.1080/016909699386374 Ullman MT, 2004, COGNITION, V92, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008 ULLMAN MT, 2007, SEX BRAIN GENES BEHA Ullman MT, 2001, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V2, P717, DOI 10.1038/35094573 Ullman MT, 1997, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V9, P266, DOI 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.266 Walenski M., 2006, UNDERSTANDING AUTISM, P175 Woolley CS, 1999, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V9, P349, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80051-8 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1395 EP 1399 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0513-y PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100020 PM 18163206 ER PT J AU Manev, H Manev, R AF Manev, Hari Manev, Radmila TI Pharmacological probing of type 1 autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID CONTACTIN-ASSOCIATED-PROTEIN-LIKE-2; DISORDERS; CNTNAP2 C1 [Manev, Hari; Manev, Radmila] Univ Illinois, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Manev, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, 1601 W Taylor St,MC912, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM hmanev@psych.uic.edu CR Alarcon M, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P150, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.005 Arking DE, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P160, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.015 Bakkaloglu B, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P165, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.017 Manev R, 2001, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V1, DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-1-5 Stephan DA, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P7, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.003 Strauss KA, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V354, P1370, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa052773 Welch EM, 2007, NATURE, V447, P87, DOI 10.1038/nature05756 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1400 EP 1401 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0594-2 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100021 PM 18512134 ER PT J AU Talbot, C AF Talbot, Catherine TI Building social relationships: A systematic approach to teaching social interaction skills to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and other social difficulties (Textbook edition, 1st ed.) SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Talbot, C (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM cat38@email.med.yale.edu CR Bellini S, 2008, BUILDING SOCIAL RELA NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1402 EP 1403 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0565-7 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 330IU UT WOS:000257935100022 ER PT J AU Mandy, WPL Skuse, DH AF Mandy, William P. L. Skuse, David H. TI Research Review: What is the association between the social-communication element of autism and repetitive interests, behaviours and activities? SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SYMPTOM DOMAINS; FAMILY HISTORY; RATING-SCALE; CHILDREN AB Autism is currently conceptualised as a unitary disorder, in which social-communication impairments are found alongside repetitive interests, behaviours and activities (RIBAs). This relies upon the validity of the assumption that social-communication impairments and RIBAs co-occur at an above chance level as a result of sharing underlying causes. In the current review it is argued that the evidence for this assumption is scarce: the very great majority of RIBA research has not been intended for or suited to its examination. In fact only three studies are fit to address directly the question of the relationship between social-communication impairment and RIBAs, and these contradict each other. In consequence, further relevant evidence was sought in the behavioural and genetic literature. This approach suggested that the correlation between social-communication impairments and RIBAs has been exaggerated in the current consensus about the autism syndrome, and that these aspects of autism may well share largely independent underlying causes. Some clinical and research implications are discussed. C1 [Mandy, William P. L.] UCL, Sub Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, London, England. [Mandy, William P. L.; Skuse, David H.] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Skuse, David H.] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London, England. RP Mandy, WPL (reprint author), UCL, Sub Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, Gower St, London, England. 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De Bildt, A. A. Van Engeland, H. Minderaa, R. B. TI A new symptom model for autism cross-validated in an independent sample SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; symptom model; cross-validation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; DOMAINS; ADOLESCENCE; COMPONENTS AB Background: Results from several studies indicated that a symptom model other than the DSM triad might better describe symptom domains of autism. The present study focused on a) investigating the stability of a new symptom model for autism by cross-validating it in an independent sample and b) examining the invariance of the model regarding three covariates: symptom severity, intelligence, and age. Method: The validity of the symptom model was examined in an independent sample of N = 263 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, and model invariance was studied in a larger sample of N = 356 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. The fit of the symptom model to the sample data was compared to that of alternative models (including the DSM triad), and the invariance of the new model was investigated for each covariate by multiple-group comparisons. Results: The fit of the new symptom model was better than that of two alternative models. It could not be compared to that of the DSM triad, because the latter encountered empirical identification problems. There were no significant or substantive differences between the estimated model in each of the dichotomised groups for any of the three covariates, which indicated factorial invariance of both structural form and factor loadings. Conclusions: The symptom model appeared to be relatively stable: It could be cross-validated in the independent sample and factorial invariance was shown between the dichotomised groups for each covariate. Further model validation with instruments other than the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is recommended. C1 [Van Lang, N. D. J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescents Psychiat, NL-2300 AA Leiden, Netherlands. [Boomsma, A.] Univ Groningen, Dept Stat & Measurement Theory, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [De Jonge, M. V.; Van Engeland, H.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [De Bildt, A. A.; Minderaa, R. B.] Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Van Lang, NDJ (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescents Psychiat, POB 15, NL-2300 AA Leiden, Netherlands. EM N.D.J.van_Lang@Curium.nl CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th Bleichrodt N, 1987, INTELLIGENTIE METING Brown T. A., 2006, CONFIRMATORY FACTOR Charman T, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P500, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00377.x Coplan J, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116, P117, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1118 de Bildt A, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P275, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00346.x FRAZIER TW, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE Georgiades S, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P188, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000242236.90763.7f Grice JW, 2001, PSYCHOL METHODS, V6, P430, DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.6.4.430 Hoogland J. J., 2001, STRUCTURAL EQUATION, P139 Hu LT, 1999, STRUCT EQU MODELING, V6, P1, DOI 10.1080/10705519909540118 Palferman S, 2001, HUM MOL GENET, V10, P973 Joreskog K. G., 1996, LISREL 8 STRUCTURAL Kolevzon A, 2004, AM J MED GENET B, V129B, P76, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30011 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Marsh HW, 2004, STRUCT EQU MODELING, V11, P320, DOI 10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2 McGovern CW, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P401, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00361.x Muthen L. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 809 EP 816 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01897.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 331CA UT WOS:000257989100003 PM 18492042 ER PT J AU Ben-Sasson, A Cermak, SA Orsmond, GI Tager-Flusberg, H Kadlec, MB Carter, AS AF Ben-Sasson, A. Cermak, S. A. Orsmond, G. I. Tager-Flusberg, H. Kadlec, M. B. Carter, A. S. TI Sensory clusters of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: differences in affective symptoms SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; clusters; sensory profile; affective; toddlers; anxiety; depression ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; ABNORMALITIES; RESPONSIVITY; INTEGRATION; MODULATION; SAMPLES; PDD; AGE AB Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) show variability in their sensory behaviors. In this study we identified clusters of toddlers with ASDs who shared sensory profiles and examined differences in affective symptoms across these clusters. Method: Using cluster analysis 170 toddlers with ASDs were grouped based on parent rating of the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (Dunn, 2002) under-responsivity, over-responsivity, and seeking scales. Affective symptoms were evaluated with the Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (Carter & Briggs-Gowan, 2005). Results: Three clusters were identified: (1) low frequency of sensory symptoms (n = 44); (2) high frequency of symptoms (n = 49); and (3) mixed (n = 77); high frequency of under-and over-responsivity and low frequency of seeking). Relative to the low frequency cluster, parents rated toddlers in the high frequency and mixed clusters (both characterized by high frequencies of sensory under- and over-responsivity) as higher on negative emotionality, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Sensory and affective differences among clusters remained after co-varying severity of ASD symptoms. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary assessments are recommended for toddlers with ASDs in order to identify the interplay of sensory and affective symptoms. C1 [Ben-Sasson, A.] Univ Haifa, Dept Occupat Therapy, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. [Cermak, S. A.; Orsmond, G. I.] Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kadlec, M. B.; Carter, A. S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Studies Adv Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Carter, A. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ben-Sasson, A (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Occupat Therapy, Eshkol Bldg,Mt Carmel, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. EM ayelet@bu.edu RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009 CR Aron EN, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P345, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.345 AYRES AJ, 1980, AM J OCCUP THER, V34, P375 Baranek GT, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x Ben-Sasson A, 2007, INFANT MENT HEALTH J, V28, P536, DOI 10.1002/imhj.20152 Briggs-Gowan MJ, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P849, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000220849.48650.59 Bryson S. E., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P117, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004002002 Carter A. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 817 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01899.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 331CA UT WOS:000257989100004 PM 18498344 ER PT J AU Morgan, L Wetherby, AM Barber, A AF Morgan, Lindee Wetherby, Amy M. Barber, Angie TI Repetitive and stereotyped movements in children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year of life SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism spectrum disorders; developmental delay; infancy; repetitive and stereotyped behavior ID SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR SCALES; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; 2ND YEAR; AGE; COMMUNICATION; RELIABILITY AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine group differences and relationships with later developmental level and autism symptoms using a new clinical tool developed to measure repetitive and stereotyped movements (RSM) in young children. Method: Videotaped behavior samples using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS; Wetherby & Prizant, 2002) were coded for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n = 50), developmental delays without ASD (DD; n = 25), and typical development (TD; n = 50) between 18 and 24 months of age. Results: Children with ASD demonstrated significantly higher rate and larger inventory of RSM with objects and body during a systematic behavior sample than both the DD and TD groups. Measures of RSM were related to concurrent measures of social communication and predicted developmental outcomes and autism symptoms in the fourth year for the ASD group. None of the correlations between RSM and autism symptoms remained significant when controlling for CSBS Symbolic level. RSM with objects predicted unique variance in the severity of autism symptoms in the fourth year beyond that predicted by social communication measures alone. Conclusions: This study provides support for the diagnostic significance of RSM in children under 24 months of age and documents the utility of this RSM measurement tool as a companion to the CSBS. C1 [Morgan, Lindee; Wetherby, Amy M.; Barber, Angie] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Morgan, L (reprint author), 625 B N Adams St, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. 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Suzanne Behrmann, Marlene Minshew, Nancy Luna, Beatriz TI Atypical development of face and greeble recognition in autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; visual processing; configural processing; face recognition; greebles; perceptual development; expertise; adolescence; child development; cognition ID UPSIDE-DOWN FACES; OBJECT RECOGNITION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; INVERSION; INDIVIDUALS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCEPTION; ACTIVATION AB Background: Impaired face processing is a widely documented deficit in autism. Although the origin of this deficit is unclear, several groups have suggested that a lack of perceptual expertise is contributory. We investigated whether individuals with autism develop expertise in visuoperceptual processing of faces and whether any deficiency in such processing is specific to faces, or extends to other objects, too. Method: Participants performed perceptual discrimination tasks, including a face inversion task and a classification-level task, which requires especially fine-grained discriminations, on three classes of stimuli: socially-laden faces, perceptually homogenous novel objects, greebles, and perceptually heterogeneous common objects. Results: We found that children with autism develop typical levels of expertise for recognition of common objects. However, they evince poorer recognition for perceptually homogenous objects, including faces and, most especially, greebles. Conclusions: Documenting the atypical recognition abilities for greebles in children with autism has provided an important insight into the potential origin of the relatively poor face recognition skills. Our findings suggest that, throughout development, individuals with autism have a generalized deficit in visuoperceptual processing that may interfere with their ability to undertake configural processing, and that this, in turn, adversely impacts their recognition of within-class perceptually homogenous objects. C1 [Scherf, K. Suzanne; Behrmann, Marlene] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minshew, Nancy; Luna, Beatriz] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Minshew, Nancy] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Luna, Beatriz] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Scherf, KS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Baker Hall 330,5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01903.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 331CA UT WOS:000257989100006 PM 18422548 ER PT J AU Geurts, HM Luman, M van Meel, CS AF Geurts, Hilde M. Luman, Mariolein van Meel, Catharina S. TI What's in a game: the effect of social motivation on interference control in boys with ADHD and autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; ADHD; motivation; cognitive control ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ERROR-RELATED NEGATIVITY; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; CHILDREN; AMYGDALA AB Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have cognitive control deficits. Some studies suggest that such deficits may be reduced when motivation is increased through tangible reinforcers. Whether these deficits can also be modulated by non-tangible reinforcers has hardly been studied. Methods: Therefore, the effect of social motivation on the ability to suppress irrelevant information (i.e., interference control) was investigated in 22 ADHD boys, 22 ASD boys, and 33 typically developing (TD) boys. An adapted Eriksen Flanker task was administered under a motivational condition in which the boys were told that they were competing with peers, and under a neutral condition in which standard instructions were given. Results: In comparison with TD boys, boys with ADHD were impaired even when no interference was present, while this was not the case for the ASD boys. All groups benefited from the motivation manipulation, i.e., their performance increased when they thought they were competing with peers. Although the boys with ADHD were still slower than TD boys when motivated, they performed as accurately as TD boys. Children with ASD also improved slightly in accuracy and response speed, but this did not reach significance. Conclusion: Children with ADHD are able to exert sufficient cognitive control when they are motivated, which is in line with the current models of ADHD. However, motivation seems to have a general effect on performance and is not solely related to cognitive control abilities. In contrast, this effect was not obtained in children with ASD. C1 [Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ Amsterdam, Div Psychon, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Luman, Mariolein] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Neuropsychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Meel, Catharina S.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Psychol Res, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [van Meel, Catharina S.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Geurts, HM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Div Psychon, Roetersstraat 15, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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TI Dexmedetomidine for sedation during electroencephalographic analysis in children with autism, pervasive developmental disorders, and seizure disorders SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article DE dexmedetomidine; EEG analysis; procedural sedation; autism ID INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE; ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS; CHLORAL HYDRATE; ANESTHESIA; THRESHOLD; RATS; VENTILATION; VOLUNTEERS; EXPERIENCE; DECREASES AB Study Objective: To assess the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in providing sedation during electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis in children with autism, seizure disorders, or pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: University medical center. Measurements: The charts of 42 children, aged two to 11 years, who received dexmedetomidine for sedation during EEG analysis, were studied. Information collected included route of administration of dexmedetomidine (oral and/or intravenous [IV]), loading dose, and infusion rate. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and level of sedation were monitored every 5 minutes, and oxygen saturation was monitored continuously during the procedure. Interventions (administration of fluid or use of an anticholinergic agent) for hypotension or bradycardia were identified. Main Results: 18 children received oral dexmedetomidine (range, 2.9-4.4 mu g/kg) before placement of an TV. Forty patients received an IV loading dose of dexmedetomidine (2.1 +/- 0.8 mu g/kg), which was given in increments of 0.5 to one mu g/kg every three to 5 minutes until a sedation score of 3 to 4 was achieved. Effective sedation was eventually achieved in all patients. An IV infusion of dexmedetomidine was started (1.5 +/- 0.2 mu g kg(-1) hr(-1)) in all patients. During performance of the EEG, adjustments in the infusion rate (increase or decrease) or additional bolus doses were necessary in 25 patients. No significant hemodynamic or respiratory effects were noted. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine provides effective sedation during EEG analysis in children with autism or PDD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tobias, Joseph D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anesthesiol, Sch Med, Div Pediat Anesthesiol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Tobias, Joseph D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Russell & Mary Shelden Chair Pediat Intens Care M, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RP Tobias, JD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anesthesiol, Sch Med, Div Pediat Anesthesiol, 3W-27G HSC,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. 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Clin. Anesth. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 5 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.03.004 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 349GH UT WOS:000259268800009 PM 18761245 ER PT J AU Handen, BL Sahl, R Hardan, AY AF Handen, Benjamin L. Sahl, Robert Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Guanfacine in children with autism and/or intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; intellectual disability; guanfacine ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; OPEN TRIAL; METHYLPHENIDATE; CLONIDINE; PLACEBO; RETARDATION; EFFICACY; ADHD AB Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3%-5% of typical school-age children. However, considerably higher rates of ADHD (15%-25%) are observed in children with intellectual disability and autism. Studies of psychostimulants in the latter two populations have found poorer response rates compared to typically developing children. In addition, evidence suggests that children with developmental disabilities experience higher rates of adverse events. Guanfacine, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, has shown some promise as an alternative to psychostimulants. Methods: The present study involved a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of guanfacine in 11 children (ages 5-9 years) with developmental disabilities and symptoms of inattention/overactivity. The 6-week trial involved a maximum dose of 3 mg/day of guanfacine. Results: Significant benefits were observed on the Hyperactivity subscale of the parent and teacher Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Global Improvement Ratings. No gains were noted on other ABC subscales. Five of the 11 subjects (45%) were judged to be responders based on a 50% decrease in the ABC Hyperactivity subscale score between the placebo and guanfacine conditions. Several side effects were reported, including drowsiness and irritability. Conclusion: While guanfacine appears to be an alternative to psychostimulants among children with developmental disabilities, clinicians need to remain vigilant to the possibility of side effects. C1 [Handen, Benjamin L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sahl, Robert] Inst Living, Hartford, CT USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Handen, BL (reprint author), 1011 Bingham St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. CR AMAN MG, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P851, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199307000-00022 AMAN MG, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P246, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00013 Aman M.G., 1986, MANUAL ABERRANT BEHA American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Arnold L. 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Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181739b9d PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 337CA UT WOS:000258411900012 PM 18552703 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, V AF Krishnamurthy, Vibha TI A clinical experience of autism in India SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Krishnamurthy, Vibha] Ummeed Child Dev Ctr, Bombay 400011, Maharashtra, India. [Krishnamurthy, Vibha] Jaslok Hosp & Res Ctr, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Krishnamurthy, V (reprint author), Ummeed Child Dev Ctr, Bombay 400011, Maharashtra, India. EM vibha_krish@hotmail.com CR [Anonymous], 2007, MMWR SURVEILL SUMM, V56, P12 Batliwalla B. 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Wilkins, Jonathan TI Reliability of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE reliability; comorbidity; autism spectrum disorders ID PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; COMMUNITY; SAMPLE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children are a serious and complex set of conditions that researchers have been attempting to quantify for many decades. In addition to the core symptoms of ASD, comorbid psychopathology is often present as well. Despite this fact and despite the many attempts to develop scaling methods for ASD, little has been done to develop tests specific to childhood psychopathology in ASD children. In this study we describe the initial psychometric properties of a new scale designed specifically to fill this assessment need, the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC). 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s10882-008-9100-1 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 312WK UT WOS:000256702900002 ER PT J AU Ramaekers, V Sequeira, J Blau, N Quadros, E AF Ramaekers, V Sequeira, J. Blau, N. Quadros, E. TI Asperger autism associated with folate receptor autoantibodies and cerebral folate deficiency SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramaekers, V] CHU Liege, Dept Ped Neurol, Liege, Belgium. [Sequeira, J.; Quadros, E.] SUNY, Dept Cell Biol, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Blau, N.] Univ Child Hosp, Div Clin Chem, Zurich, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 SU 1 MA 290P BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity GA 340PB UT WOS:000258656400290 ER PT J AU Njenga, F AF Njenga, F. TI Autism in Africa: A challenge in the diagnosis and management of an important disorder SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Njenga, F.] Upper Hill Med Ctr, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. EM fnjenga@africaonline.co.ke NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 639 EP 639 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700005 ER PT J AU Brown, WT Kuchna, I Nowicki, K Wegiel, J Wisniewski, T Wegiel, J AF Brown, W. T. Kuchna, I. Nowicki, K. Wegiel, J. Wisniewski, T. Wegiel, J. TI Enhanced accumulation of AB neurons in autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, W. T.; Kuchna, I.; Nowicki, K.; Wegiel, J.; Wisniewski, T.; Wegiel, J.] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM Ted.Brown@OMR.State.NY.US NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 659 EP 659 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700117 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, RAS Patton, M Morgan, E Turk, J Rossiter, R AF Mukherjee, R. A. S. Patton, M. Morgan, E. Turk, J. Rossiter, R. TI Identical triplets with different types of autism: An exploration of the aetiological causes of difference SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mukherjee, R. A. S.; Patton, M.; Morgan, E.; Turk, J.; Rossiter, R.] Surrey & Borders Partnership NHS Trust, Surrey, England. EM rmukherj@sgul.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 660 EP 660 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700126 ER PT J AU Senechal, C Larivee, S AF Senechal, C. Larivee, S. TI The link between MMR vaccine and autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Senechal, C.; Larivee, S.] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N, Canada. EM carolesenechal@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 660 EP 660 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700125 ER PT J AU McClean, B AF McClean, B. TI Rapport-based intervention for people with severe intellectual disability and autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract EM bmcclean@indigo.ie NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 670 EP 670 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700182 ER PT J AU Esposito, G de Falco, S Venuti, P AF Esposito, G. de Falco, S. Venuti, P. TI Analysis of gait during the second year of life in children with autism spectrum disorders and evidence for early diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Esposito, G.; de Falco, S.; Venuti, P.] Univ Trent, I-38100 Trento, Italy. EM gianluca.esposito@unitn.it RI Esposito, Gianluca/B-1374-2012 OI Esposito, Gianluca/0000-0002-9442-0254 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 672 EP 672 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700187 ER PT J AU Turk, J Amin, P Bax, M Gillberg, C AF Turk, J. Amin, P. Bax, M. Gillberg, C. TI Autistic disorder and epilepsy in children: Implications for the autism construct SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turk, J.; Amin, P.; Bax, M.; Gillberg, C.] Univ London, London SW17 0RE, England. EM jturk@sgul.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 673 EP 673 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700191 ER PT J AU Lyng, K AF Lyng, K. TI Autonomy as explained by autism diagnosis, age, cohort, language skills and challenging behaviour SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lyng, K.] Molde Univ Coll, N-6402 Molde, Norway. EM kolbein.lyng@himolde.no NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 674 EP 674 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700198 ER PT J AU Liefhebber-van der Veer, T AF Liefhebber-van der Veer, T. TI Autism and coping behaviour SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract EM t.liefhebber@philadelphia.nl NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 678 EP 678 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700225 ER PT J AU Senechal, C Larivee, S AF Senechal, Carole Larivee, Serge TI Autism: Another intelligence? SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Senechal, Carole; Larivee, Serge] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM carolesenechal@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 679 EP 679 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700226 ER PT J AU Wenke, A Mophosho, M AF Wenke, A. Mophosho, M. TI The role of speech and language therapists as perceived by neurologists, paediatricians and child psychiatrists before and after a child is diagnosed with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wenke, A.; Mophosho, M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM Munyane.mophosho@wits.ac.za NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 679 EP 679 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700228 ER PT J AU Keen, D AF Keen, D. TI Seizing the moment: Enhancing engagement and learning opportunities for children with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keen, D.] Griffith Univ, Sch Educ & Profess Studies, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM d.keen@griffith.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 684 EP 684 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700252 ER PT J AU Graves, P AF Graves, P. TI Attention deficit disorders and autism spectrum disorders: Contributions, challenges and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Graves, P.] So Hlth Australia, Oakleigh, Vic 3166, Australia. EM gravespj@connexus.net.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 687 EP 687 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700268 ER PT J AU Blacher, J Howell, E AF Blacher, J. Howell, E. TI Meeting the needs of families and children with high functioning autism and asperger syndrome in schools SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blacher, J.; Howell, E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jan.blacher@ucr.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 713 EP 713 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700411 ER PT J AU Hines, M Balandin, S Togher, L AF Hines, M. Balandin, S. Togher, L. TI Gender and the meaning of parenting an adult with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hines, M.; Balandin, S.; Togher, L.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM mhin0228@usyd.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 715 EP 715 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700419 ER PT J AU Hines, M Balandin, S Togher, L AF Hines, M. Balandin, S. Togher, L. TI Blaming the autism: Older parents' perceptions of their adult sons and daughters with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hines, M.; Balandin, S.; Togher, L.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM mhin0228@usyd.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 715 EP 715 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700421 ER PT J AU Tait, K AF Tait, K. TI The impact of children with autism on the family system in Negara Brunei Darussalam SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tait, K.] Univ New England, Sch Educ, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. EM kathleen.tait@une.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 715 EP 715 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700424 ER PT J AU Orsmond, GI Kuo, HS Seltzer, MM AF Orsmond, G. I. Kuo, H. S. Seltzer, M. M. TI Father involvement with adolescents and adults with autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Orsmond, G. I.; Kuo, H. S.; Seltzer, M. M.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM gorsmond@bu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 716 EP 716 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700427 ER PT J AU Baum, N AF Baum, N. TI Can a monthly programme for South Asian children with autism and a skills programme for their parents affect family quality of life (FQOL)? SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baum, N.] MukiBaum Treatment Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM nehama@mukibaum.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 724 EP 724 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700470 ER PT J AU Jegatheesan, B AF Jegatheesan, B. TI From symptom recognition to services: How South Asian muslim immigrant families navigate autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jegatheesan, B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM binda@u.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 724 EP 724 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700471 ER PT J AU Seidel, M AF Seidel, M. TI The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) - Its heuristic potential for a better understanding of autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Seidel, M.] Bodelschwinghsche Anstalten Bethel, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany. EM Michael.seidel@bethel.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 726 EP 726 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700482 ER PT J AU Symalla, R AF Symalla, R. TI An ICF based core set for autism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Symalla, R.] Bodelschwingsche Anstalen Bethel, Fachdienst Autismus, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany. EM autismusprogramm@bethel.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 726 EP 726 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700484 ER PT J AU Seidel, M AF Seidel, M. TI Chronic catatonic courses vs autism spectrum disorders - An outstanding diagnostic challenge SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Seidel, M.] Bodelschwinghsche Anstalten Bethel, D-33617 Bielefeld, Germany. EM michael.seidel@bethel.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 727 EP 727 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700491 ER PT J AU Gobrial, E Raghavan, R AF Gobrial, E. Raghavan, R. TI Anxiety disorders in children and young people with autism and ID SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Northumbria Univ, Sch Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7XA, Tyne & Wear, England. Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt. EM ereny.gobrial@unn.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 731 EP 731 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700513 ER PT J AU Drahota, A Wood, JJ AF Drahota, A. Wood, J. J. TI Intervening with the adaptive functioning of children with autism and concurrent anxiety disorders SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Drahota, A.; Wood, J. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM adrahota@ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 733 EP 733 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700524 ER PT J AU Gobrial, E AF Gobrial, E. TI Consensus model of management strategies for anxiety disorders for children with autism and ID SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gobrial, E.] Northumbria Univ, Sch Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7XA, Tyne & Wear, England. [Gobrial, E.] Zagazig Univ, Zagazig, Egypt. EM ereny.gobrial@unn.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 733 EP 733 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700526 ER PT J AU Jegatheesan, B Braun, K AF Jegatheesan, B. Braun, K. TI Knowledge of autism and diagnostic practices in health care settings: Asian immigrant families in the USA SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jegatheesan, B.; Braun, K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brinda@u.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 761 EP 761 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700680 ER PT J AU Felce, D Lowe, K Jones, E AF Felce, D. Lowe, K. Jones, E. TI The impact of autism or severe challenging behaviour on lifestyle outcome in community housing SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Felce, D.; Lowe, K.; Jones, E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Welsh Ctr Learning Disabil, Cardiff CF14 4YS, S Glam, Wales. EM felce@cf.ac.uk RI turton, miranda/F-4682-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 784 EP 784 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700808 ER PT J AU Baum, N AF Baum, N. TI An assessment of the effect a well designed transition process has on individuals with Autism and other intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baum, N.] MukiBaum Treatment Ctr, Toronto, ON M6A 1J6, Canada. EM nehama@mukibaum.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 789 EP 789 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700836 ER PT J AU Baum, N AF Baum, N. TI The affect architecture and building design have on the quality of life of people with autism and other intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baum, N.] Mukibaum Treatment Ctr, Toronto, ON M6A 1J6, Canada. EM nehama@mukibaum.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 52 BP 790 EP 790 PN 8-9 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 328KQ UT WOS:000257797700840 ER PT J AU Kent, L Emerton, J Bhadravathi, V Weisblatt, E Pasco, G Willatt, LR McMahon, R Yates, JRW AF Kent, L. Emerton, J. Bhadravathi, V. Weisblatt, E. Pasco, G. Willatt, L. R. McMahon, R. Yates, J. R. W. TI X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) is associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and social communication deficits SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS-GENE-SYNDROME; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; VCX-A; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; VARIABLE PHENOTYPE; TURNER-SYNDROME; XP22.3; FAMILY; NLGN4 AB Background: X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) ( steroid sulfatase deficiency) is caused by deletions or point mutations of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene on chromosome Xp22.32. Deletions of this region can be associated with cognitive behavioural difficulties including autism. Animal work suggests the STS gene may be involved in attentional processes. We have therefore undertaken a systematic study of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in boys with XLI. Methods: Cases of XLI were recruited from families originally ascertained when pregnancies with STS deficiency were identified through a routine maternal screening programme. Boys with XLI were assessed for ADHD and autism using standardised questionnaires and interviews. Deletions of the STS gene were identified and characterised by analysis of genomic DNA and/or fluorescent in situ hybridisation. Results: 25 boys with XLI were assessed for autism and ADHD. 40% fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD, 80% of which were inattentive subtype. ADHD diagnoses were present in those with both deletions and presumed point mutations of STS. Additionally, five boys, from three unrelated families, fulfilled criteria for an autistic spectrum disorder or related language/communication difficulty, and all had an unusually large deletion of the STS gene with loss of the neuroligin 4 (NLGN4) gene. None of the boys with the typical deletion or presumed point mutations of STS demonstrated autistic difficulties. Conclusions: STS deficiency may be a risk factor for ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms. Boys with XLI and large deletions encompassing STS and NLGN4 are at increased risk of developing autism and related disorders. C1 [Weisblatt, E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Expt Psychol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Pasco, G.] Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Willatt, L. R.; McMahon, R.; Yates, J. R. W.] Addenbrookes Hosp, Med Genet Serv, Cambridge, England. [Yates, J. R. W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Med Genet, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Kent, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Bute Med Sch, St Andrews KY16 9TS, Fife, Scotland. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 8 MA 15 BP 972 EP 972 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA 328KF UT WOS:000257796600045 ER PT J AU Moore, C AF Moore, Charlotte TI Thoughts About the Autism Label: A Parental View SO JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB The number of people diagnosed with autism has risen exponentially in recent years. Are the diagnostic labels currently in use adequate to describe such a vast range of symptoms? Should we reconsider the appropriateness of the language we use to discuss autism? A mother of two autistic sons describes what the autism label has meant for her and her family. EM csmoore@csmoore.freeserve.co.uk CR Baron-Cohen S., 2003, ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0309-8249 J9 J PHILOS EDUC JI J. Philos. Educ. PD AUG-NOV PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00652.x PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; History Of Social Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 397PD UT WOS:000262673700012 ER PT J AU Simonoff, E Pickles, A Charman, T Chandler, S Loucas, T Baird, G AF Simonoff, Emily Pickles, Andrew Charman, Tony Chandler, Susie Loucas, Tom Baird, Gillian TI Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sample SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; child psychiatric disorders; prevalence; Special Needs and Autism Project ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; YOUNG-ADULTS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENTS; PEOPLE AB Objective: Autism spectrum disorders are now recognized to occur in up to 1% of the population and to be a major public health concern because of their early onset, lifelong persistence, and high levels of associated impairment. Little is known about the associated psychiatric disorders that may contribute to impairment. We identify the rates and type of psychiatric comorbidity associated with ASDs and explore the associations with variables identified as risk factors for child psychiatric disorders. Method: A subgroup of 112 ten- to 14-year old children from a population-derived cohort was assessed for other child psychiatric disorders (3 months' prevalence) through parent interview using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. DSM-IV diagnoses for childhood anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, trichotillomania, enuresis, and encopresis were identified. Results: Seventy percent of participants had at least one comorbid disorder and 41% had two or more. The most common diagnoses were social anxiety disorder (29.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI)] 13.2-45.1), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (28.2%, 95% CI 13.3-43.0), and oppositional defiant disorder (28.1%, 95% CI 13.9-42.2). Of those with attention/deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 84% received a second comorbid diagnosis. There were few associations between putative risk factors and psychiatric disorder. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are common and frequently multiple in children with autism spectrum disorders. They may provide targets for intervention and should be routinely evaluated in the clinical assessment of this group. C1 [Simonoff, Emily] Kings Coll London, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Pickles, Andrew] Univ Manchester, Div Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Charman, Tony; Chandler, Susie] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Loucas, Tom] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Simonoff, E (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, Crespigay Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM e.simonoff@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Simonoff, Emily/B-7593-2011; Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR Abidin RR, 1995, PARENTING STRESS IND Ambrosini PJ, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P49, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200001000-00016 ANDO H, 1978, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V6, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF00924737 ANGOLD A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P755 Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baker KD, 2005, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V186, P115, DOI 10.1192/bjp.186.2.115 Blacher J, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P184, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x Brereton AV, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P863, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0125-y CARON C, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1063, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00350.x CHUNG SY, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P1990 Clark T, 1999, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V8, P50 Costello EJ, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P837, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 Einfeld S. 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Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 331WR UT WOS:000258043800013 PM 18645422 ER PT J AU Goodlin-Jones, BL Tang, K Liu, JY Anders, TF AF Goodlin-Jones, Beth L. Tang, Karen Liu, Jingyi Anders, Thomas F. TI Sleep patterns in preschool-age children with autism, developmental delay, and typical development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE sleep; preschool children; autism; developmental disability; actigraphy; neurodevelopment ID HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; PREVALENCE; ACTIGRAPHY; SEVERITY; ISSUES AB Objective: A prominent noncore symptom of autistic disorder is disturbed sleep, but relatively few studies have investigated this symptom. Method: A multimethod approach assessed the quantity and quality of sleep in 194 children (68 with autism [AUT], 57 with developmental delay without autism [DD], 69 with typical development) recorded over 1 week. Parent perceptions, structured questionnaires, and actigraphy were compared. In addition, problem sleep as defined by parents was compared with research diagnostic criteria for behavioral insomnia obtained from actigraph recordings. Results: On actigraphy, children in the DID group, after sleep onset, exhibited more and longer awakenings than the other two groups. In contrast, children in the AUT group exhibited less total sleep time in 24 hours than the other two groups. Parent reports of sleep problems were higher in the AUT and DD groups than the typical development group, but parent reports did not concur with more objective RDC for behavioral insomnia. 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TI Dietary intake and parents' perception of mealtime behaviors in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder and in typically developing children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; FOOD; PREVALENCE; TODDLERS; INFANTS AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently report that their children have selective eating behaviors and refuse many foods, which could result in inadequate nutrient intake. This preliminary cross-sectional descriptive study investigated dietary intake and parents' reported perception of food behaviors of 20 3- to 5-year-old children with ASD. Twenty typically developing children matched for sex, age, and ethnicity were also studied as a case-control comparison. Nutrient intake determined from 3-day food records was adjusted for day-to-day variation to determine the estimate of usual intake distribution for the two groups. This distribution was compared with the Estimated Average Requirement or Adequate Intake recommendations. The reported food behaviors and use of vitamin or mineral supplements were compared for matched pairs using the exact McNemar test. Nutrient intake was similar for both groups of children, with the majority of children consuming more than the recommended amounts for most nutrients. Nutrients least likely to be consumed in recommended amounts were vitamin A, vitamin E, fiber, and calcium. Children with ASD were more likely to consume vitamin/mineral supplements than typically developing children. Compared with parents of typically developing children, parents of children with ASD were more likely to report that their children were picky eaters and resisted trying new foods, and they were less likely to describe their children as healthy eaters or that they eat a variety of foods. Despite the similar and generally adequate nutrient intake for the 40 children in this study, parents of children with ASD had more negative perceptions of their children's dietary behaviors. C1 [Lockner, Donna W.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Nutr Program, Dept Individual Family & Community Educ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Skipper, Betty J.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Crowe, Terry K.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Occupat Therapy, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lockner, DW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Nutr Program, Dept Individual Family & Community Educ, MSC05 3040, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dlockner@unm.edu CR Ahern WH, 2001, J. Autism Dev. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 133 IS 13 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 341LB UT WOS:000258714900245 ER PT J AU Chamak, B AF Chamak, Brigitte TI Autism and social movements: French parents' associations and international autistic individuals' organizations SO M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES LA French DT Article RP Chamak, B (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, CESAMES Ctr Rech Psychotropes, CNRS, UMR 8136,Inserm U611, 45 Rue St Peres, F-75270 Paris 06, France. 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PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8-9 BP 768 EP 770 DI 10.1051/medsci/20082489768 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 353LL UT WOS:000259569100025 PM 18789226 ER PT J AU Rout, UK Dhossche, DM AF Rout, Ujjwal K. Dhossche, Dirk M. TI A pathogenetic model of autism involving Purkinje cell loss through anti-GAD antibodies SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; STIFF-MAN SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BRAIN; CEREBELLAR; CHILDREN; AUTOANTIBODIES; ACTIVATION; EPILEPSY AB Autism is a medical enigma, lacking truly effective treatments. Both genetics and environmental factors are recognized as players in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Nevertheless, the exact mechanism(s) for the development of ASDs is (are) not known primarily because current understanding about the etiology of the disease is limited. Selective loss of Purkinje cells and the cerebellar atrophies are the neurological abnormalities most consistently found in persons diagnosed with autism. Because Purkinje cells are involved in motor coordination, working memory and learning, toss of these cells are likely to cause symptoms defining behavioral parameters of ASD. Currently the mechanism(s) for the loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebella of autistic individual is (are) not understood. Here we postulate a hypothesis for the development of autistic symptoms, severity of which is based on the extent of Purkinje cell loss triggered by Glutamate acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab). This model accommodates any genetic basis of autism and immunogenic triggers resulting GAD-Ab in the blood of the mother while pregnant with the child diagnosed autistic after birth or of an individual diagnosed with autism some time in the life time. Identification and characterization of GAD-Abs from pregnant mothers with a family history of autism, from children with autistic siblings, and individuals diagnosed with autism may allow find preventive and new therapeutic avenues. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rout, Ujjwal K.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ctr Psychiat Neurosci, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Rout, Ujjwal K.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Psychiat Neurosci, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Dhossche, Dirk M.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Rout, UK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ctr Psychiat Neurosci, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. 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TI Engrailed-2 regulates genes related to vesicle formation and transport in cerebellar Purkinje cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cell polarity; cerebellum; cholecystokinin; Mtss1/mim; polarity; tetraspanin; autism ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; AUTISM-SPECTRUM-DISORDER; MICROARRAY DATA; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PROTEIN; OXYTOCIN; NEURONS; MICE AB Engrailed transcription factors regulate survival, cell fate decisions and axon pathfinding in central neurons. En-2 can also attenuate Purkinje cell (PC) maturation. Here, we use array analysis to scrutinize gene expression in developing PCs overexpressing Engrailed-2 (L7En-2). The majority (70%) of regulated genes was found down-regulated in L7En-2 cerebella, consistent with the known repressive function of Engrailed-2. Differential gene expression, verified by in situ hybridization or Western blotting, was particularly evident during the first postnatal week, when L7En-2 PCs display conspicuous deficits in dendritogenesis. Functional classification revealed clusters of genes linked to vesicle formation and transport. Consistently, Golgi stacks located at the axonal pole of wild type PC somata were rarely detected in L7En-2 PCs. In addition, long continuous stretches of endoplasmic reticulum typically found around the axonal pole of wild type PCs were less frequently observed in transgenic cells. Engrailed-2 might therefore orchestrate PC survival and process formation as a regulator of subcellular organization. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Holst, Martin I.; Pintea, Bogdan; Liebig, Christian; Jankowski, Jakob; Martini, Julia; Schilling, Karl; Baader, Stephan L.] Univ Bonn, Inst Anat Anat & Cell Biol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. 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Cell. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.04.010 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 336EO UT WOS:000258347300005 PM 18562208 ER PT J AU Howlin, P AF Howlin, Patricia TI Redressing the balance in autism research SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Howlin, P (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1745-834X J9 NAT CLIN PRACT NEURO JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 BP 407 EP 407 DI 10.1038/ncpneuro0860 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 332TM UT WOS:000258106000001 PM 18679169 ER PT J AU Ehninger, D Han, S Shilyansky, C Zhou, Y Li, WD Kwiatkowski, DJ Ramesh, V Silva, AJ AF Ehninger, Dan Han, Sangyeul Shilyansky, Carrie Zhou, Yu Li, Weidong Kwiatkowski, David J. Ramesh, Vijaya Silva, Alcino J. TI Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2(+/-) mouse model of tuberous sclerosis SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; RAT MODEL; FRAGILE-X; COMPLEX; MEMORY; HIPPOCAMPUS; TSC1; TRANSLATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Tuberous sclerosis is a single-gene disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the TSC1 (9q34) or TSC2 (16p13.3) gene(1,2) and is frequently associated with mental retardation, autism and epilepsy. Even individuals with tuberous sclerosis and a normal intelligence quotient (approximately 50%)(3-5) are commonly affected with specific neuropsychological problems, including long-term and working memory deficits(6,7). Here we report that mice with a heterozygous, inactivating mutation in the Tsc2 gene (Tsc2(+/-) mice)(8) show deficits in learning and memory. Cognitive deficits in Tsc2(+/-) mice emerged in the absence of neuropathology and seizures, demonstrating that other disease mechanisms are involved(5,9-11). We show that hyperactive hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling led to abnormal long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and consequently to deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning. These deficits included impairments in two spatial learning tasks and in contextual discrimination. Notably, we show that a brief treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in adult mice rescues not only the synaptic plasticity, but also the behavioral deficits in this animal model of tuberous sclerosis. The results presented here reveal a biological basis for some of the cognitive deficits associated with tuberous sclerosis, and they show that treatment with mTOR antagonists ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of this disorder. C1 [Ehninger, Dan; Shilyansky, Carrie; Zhou, Yu; Li, Weidong; Silva, Alcino J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ehninger, Dan; Shilyansky, Carrie; Zhou, Yu; Li, Weidong; Silva, Alcino J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ehninger, Dan; Shilyansky, Carrie; Zhou, Yu; Li, Weidong; Silva, Alcino J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ehninger, Dan; Shilyansky, Carrie; Zhou, Yu; Li, Weidong; Silva, Alcino J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Han, Sangyeul; Ramesh, Vijaya] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res,Richard B Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kwiatkowski, David J.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Genet Lab,Div Translat Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Silva, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, 695 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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Med. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 843 EP 848 DI 10.1038/nm1788 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 334QY UT WOS:000258237500031 PM 18568033 ER PT J AU Hrdlicka, M AF Hrdlicka, Michal TI EEG abnormalities, epilepsy and regression in autism: A review SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE autism; EEG abnormalities; epilepsy; autistic regression, mental retardation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HOME VIDEOTAPES; ETIOLOGIC YIELD; CHILDREN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS; SYMPTOMS AB Autism is associated with a high frequency of epileptiform EEG abnormalities (prevalence range 10.3-72.4%) and epilepsy (prevalence range 0-44.5%). A significant subgroup of autistic children (20-49%) experience autistic regression. The relationship among EEG abnormalities, epilepsy, and regression in autistic patients is not yet well understood. In this review, the current knowledge of the relationship is summarized. The evidence from clinical studies does not support the view that EEG abnormalities play a role in autistic regression. The majority of studies also failed to find any significant relationship between epilepsy and autistic regression. However, some results indicated that the higher the prevalence of epilepsy in the sample, the greater the probability of there being a significant association between epilepsy and autistic regression. Further research on the topic is needed. C1 [Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Prague 12108, Czech Republic. RP Hrdlicka, M (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. EM michal.hrdlicka@lfmotol.cuni.cz FU [MSM 0021620849]; [FNM MZ000064203] FX Supported by grants MSM 0021620849 and FNM MZ000064203. CR AMIET C, 2008, BIOL PSYCHIAT 0617 Baird G, 2006, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V48, P604, DOI 10.1017/S0012162206001265 BAIRD G, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DI 0501 Battaglia A, 2006, AM J MED GENET C, V142C, P3, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30076 Bernabei P, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P580, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0201-3 Canitano R, 2005, J CHILD NEUROL, V20, P27, DOI 10.1177/08830738050200010401 Challman TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P187, DOI 10.1023/A:1022995611730 FOMBONNE E, 2004, BMC PUBLIC HLTH Geier DA, 2006, NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT, V27, P401 GIANNOTTI F, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DI 0516 GILLBERG C, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007/BF02206998 GILLBERG CL, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x Goldberg WA, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1136, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0498-6 Hansen RL, 2008, AMBUL PEDIATR, V8, P25, DOI 10.1016/j.ambp.2007.08.006 Hashimoto Toshiaki, 2001, Journal of Medical Investigation, V48, P175 Hrdlicka M, 2004, STUD PSYCHOL, V46, P229 Hrdlicka M, 2004, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V13, P209, DOI 10.1007/s00787-004-0353-7 Kagan-Kushnir T, 2005, J CHILD NEUROL, V20, P197 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kawasaki Y, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P605, DOI 10.1023/A:1025886228387 Kobayashi R, 1998, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V98, P296, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10087.x KOMAREK V, 2002, EPILIPSIA, V43, P176 Kosinovsky B, 2005, J NEURAL TRANSM, V112, P587, DOI 10.1007/s00702-004-0198-8 KURITA H, 1992, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V22, P175, DOI 10.1007/BF01058149 Lewine JD, 1999, PEDIATRICS, V104, P405, DOI 10.1542/peds.104.3.405 Lord C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P936, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00287.x Ming X, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P6, DOI 10.1177/0883073807307102 Nass R, 1998, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V40, P453 OLSSON I, 1988, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V45, P666 Oslejskova H, 2007, NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT, V28, P895 OSLEJSKOVA H, 2007, EPILEPTIC DISORD S1, V9, P9 Ozonoff S, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P461, DOI 10.1177/1362361305057880 Robins DL, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1010738829569 ROSSI PG, 1995, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V17, P169, DOI 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00019-8 RUTTER M, 1970, SEMIN PSYCHIAT, V2, P435 Rutter M, 2005, ACTA PAEDIATR, V94, P2, DOI 10.1080/08035250410023124 Shevell MI, 2001, J CHILD NEUROL, V16, P509, DOI 10.1177/088307380101600710 Shinnar S, 2001, PEDIATR NEUROL, V24, P185, DOI 10.1016/S0887-8994(00)00266-6 Stone WL, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P219, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003370 Trevathan E, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P49 TUCHMAN RF, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V88, P1219 Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 Volkmar F. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 356JJ UT WOS:000259774200003 PM 18766157 ER PT J AU Kulisek, R Hrncir, Z Hrdlicka, M Faladova, L Sterbova, K Krsek, P Vymlatilova, E Palus, M Zumrova, A Komarek, V AF Kulisek, Robert Hrncir, Zbynek Hrdlicka, Michal Faladova, Ludvika Sterbova, Katalin Krsek, Pavel Vymlatilova, Eva Palus, Milan Zumrova, Alena Komarek, Vladimir TI Nonlinear analysis of the sleep EEG in children with pervasive developmental disorder SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE autism; EEG analysis; sleep; synchronization; connectivity ID CORPUS-CALLOSUM; NEURAL SYSTEMS; CORTICAL CONNECTIVITY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTISM PHENOTYPE; BRAIN; SYNCHRONIZATION; RECORDINGS; ARCHITECTURE AB OBJECTIVES: Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a high rate of epilepsy and subclinical epileptiform activity. High physical connectivity on a microcolumnar level leading to epileptiform activity and low functional informational connectivity are assumed in autism. The aim of this study was to investigate nonlinear EEG brain dynamics in terms of synchronization in a group of children with autism spectrum disorders compared to a control group. We expected a lower degree of synchronization in autistic subjects. METHODS: The autistic group consisted of 27 patients with autism spectrum disorders diagnosed according to ICD-10. The mean age of the sample was 7.1 (SD 3.6) years, 14 of them were mentally retarded. Normal EEG was found in 9 patients, epileptiform EEG in 18 autistic patients. Four patients had a history of epileptic seizures, fully compensated in long term. The control group consisted of 20 children (mean age of 8.4, SD 2.3 years) with normal intelligence, without an epileptic history, investigated within the frame of the research program for cochlear implantation. They had normal neurological examination and suffered from perceptive deafness. Normal EEG was found in 17 of the control subjects, epileptiform EEG was in 3 control subjects. We analyzed night sleep EEG recordings from 10 channels (F3, F4, F7, F8, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3 and P4) with the inclusion of sleep stages NREM 2, 3 and 4 in the subsequent analyses. Coarse-grained entropy information rates between neighbouring electrodes were computed, expressing the synchronization between 11 selected electrode couples. RESULTS: Synchronization was significantly lower in the autistic group in all three examined NREM stages even when age and intelligence were taken into account as covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study confirmed the validity of the underconnectivity model in autism. C1 [Kulisek, Robert; Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Hrncir, Zbynek; Faladova, Ludvika; Sterbova, Katalin; Krsek, Pavel; Zumrova, Alena; Komarek, Vladimir] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Neurol, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Vymlatilova, Eva] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. [Palus, Milan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Comp Sci, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Prague 12108, Czech Republic. RP Kulisek, R (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Dept Child Psychiat, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006, Czech Republic. EM robertkulisek@seznam.cz RI Palus, Milan/I-6899-2012 OI Palus, Milan/0000-0001-8474-1436 FU Faculty Hospital Motol [FNM V2 MZO 000 64203-6504]; MSM [0021620849] FX This study was supported by the Research project of the Faculty Hospital Motol FNM V2 MZO 000 64203-6504 and by the Research project MSM 0021620849. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 356JJ UT WOS:000259774200022 PM 18766147 ER PT J AU Oslejskova, H Dusek, L Makovska, Z Pejcochova, J Autrata, R Slapak, I AF Oslejskova, Hana Dusek, Ladislav Makovska, Zuzana Pejcochova, Jana Autrata, Rudolf Slapak, Ivo TI Complicated relationship between autism with regression and epilepsy SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; autism with regression; epilepsy; epileptiform abnormalities in EEG; IQ; functionality of autism; Landau-Kleffner syndrome ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; DIAGNOSIS AB We retrospectively evaluated a set of 205 children with autism and compared it to the partial sub-set of 71 (34.6%) children with a history of regression. From 71 children with regression, signs of epileptic processes were present in 43 (60.6%), 28 (65.12%) suffered clinical epileptic seizures, and 15 (34.9%) just had an epileptiform abnormality on the EEG. In our analysis, autistic regression is substantially more associated with epileptic process symptoms than in children with autism and no history of regression. More than 90% of children with a history of regression also show IQ < 70 and reduced functionality. Functionality and IQ further worsens with the occurrence of epileptic seizures (98% of children with regression and epilepsy have IQ < 70). We proved that low IQ and reduced functionality significantly correlate rather with epileptic seizures than just sub-clinical epileptiform abnormality on EEG. Clinical epileptic seizures associated with regression significantly influence the age of regression and its clinical type. The age of regression is higher compared to children with regression without epileptic seizures (in median: 35 months of age in patients with seizures while only 24 months in other patients). Patients with seizures revealed regression after 24(th) months of age in 68% of cases, while patients without seizures only in 27%. However, coincidence with epilepsy also increased the occurrence of regression before the 18(th) month of age (23% of patients), while only 4% of patients without epilepsy revealed regression before the 18th month. Epileptic seizures are significantly associated especially with behaviour regression rather than speech regression or regression in both behaviour and speech. Also epileptic seizures diagnosed before correct diagnosis of autism were significantly associated with delayed regression (both behavioural and speech regression). C1 [Oslejskova, Hana] Univ Hosp, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Paediat Neurol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Dusek, Ladislav] Masaryk Univ, Inst Biostat & Anal, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Autrata, Rudolf] Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Ophthalmol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. [Slapak, Ivo] Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Otorhinolaryngol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. RP Oslejskova, H (reprint author), Univ Hosp, Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Paediat Neurol, Brno 62500, Czech Republic. 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Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 558 EP 570 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 356JJ UT WOS:000259774200029 PM 18766162 ER PT J AU Schulte-Ruther, M Markowitsch, HJ Shah, NJ Fink, GR Piefke, M AF Schulte-Ruether, Martin Markowitsch, Hans J. Shah, N. Jon Fink, Gereon R. Piefke, Martina TI Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; NEURAL MECHANISMS; MIRROR NEURON; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONAL MRI; MIND; AUTISM AB Females frequently score higher on standard tests of empathy, social sensitivity, and emotion recognition than do males. It remains to be clarified, however, whether these gender differences; are associated with gender specific neural mechanisms of emotional social cognition. We investigated gender differences in an emotion attribution task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects either focused on their own emotional response to emotion expressing faces (SELF-task) or evaluated the emotional state expressed by the faces (OTHER-task). Behaviorally, females rated SELF-related emotions significantly stronger than males. Across the sexes, SELF-and OTHER-related processing of facial expressions activated a network of medial and lateral prefrontal, temporal, and parietal brain regions involved in emotional perspective taking. During SELF-related processing, females recruited the right inferior frontal cortex and superior temporal sulcus stronger than males. In contrast, there was increased neural activity in the left temporoparietal junction in males (relative to females). When performing the OTHER-task, females showed increased activation of the right inferior frontal cortex while there were no differential activations in males. The data suggest that females recruit areas containing mirror neurons to a higher degree than males during both SELF- and OTHER-related processing in empathic face-to-face interactions. This may underlie facilitated emotional "contagion" in females. Together with the observation that males differentially rely on the left temporoparietal junction (an area mediating the distinction between the SELF and OTHERS) the data suggest that females and males rely on different strategies when assessing their own emotions in response to other people. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schulte-Ruether, Martin] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Neurosci & Biophys INB3 Med, Inst Med, Cognit Neurol Sect, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schulte-Ruether, Martin] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Hosp Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Child Neuropsychol Sect, Aachen, Germany. [Markowitsch, Hans J.; Piefke, Martina] Univ Bielefeld, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. 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TI Investigating the functional integrity of the dorsal visual pathway in autism and dyslexia SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dorsal-stream functioning; autism; dyslexia; developmental disorders; visual perception ID MOTION PERCEPTION; MAGNOCELLULAR DEFICIT; DISABLED READERS; STREAM FUNCTION; COHERENCE; IMPAIRMENTS; CHILDREN AB Numerous reports of elevated global motion thresholds across a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders have prompted researchers to suggest that abnormalities in global motion perception are a result of a general deficiency in the dorsal visual pathway. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the integrity of the dorsal visual pathway at lower subcortical (sensitivity to flicker contrast) and higher cortical (sensitivity to global motion) levels in children with autism, children with dyslexia, and typically developing children, of similar age and ability. While children with autism demonstrated intact lower-level, but impaired higher-level dorsal-stream functioning, children with dyslexia displayed abnormalities at both lower and higher levels of the dorsal visual stream. These findings suggest that these disorders can be dissociated according to the origin of the impairment along the dorsal-stream pathway. implications for general cross-syndrome accounts are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pellicano, Elizabeth] Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England. [Pellicano, Elizabeth] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Gibson, Lisa Y.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England. RP Pellicano, E (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, 12A Priory Rd, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England. 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We describe our own experience with long-term video EEG monitoring (VEEG), including the recording technique and objective and subjective monitoring difficulties specific to children. The usefulness of VEEG was demonstrated in cases where non-epileptic and epileptic seizures occurred frequently), however VEEG was not useful when seizures were infrequent. In practice it is recommended to combine neurological methods to differentiate non-epileptic and epileptic seizures and to use VEEG more frequently, especially prior to initiating potentially toxic anti-epileptic pharmacotherapy This is particularly important in children with autism, mental retardation, other neurological dysfunctions and those with refractory epilepsies. Timely diagnosis of non-epileptic seizures with initiation of appropriate therapy will certainly improve the final outcome. 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PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 52 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 389WB UT WOS:000262124100007 ER PT J AU Brenton, JN Devries, SP Barton, C Minnich, H Sokol, DK AF Brenton, James N. Devries, Seth P. Barton, Christine Minnich, Heike Sokol, Deborah K. TI Absolute pitch in a four-year-old boy with autism SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN; CHILDREN AB Absolute pitch is the ability to identify the pitch of an isolated tone. We report on a 4-year-old boy with autism and absolute pitch, one of the youngest reported in the literature. Absolute pitch is thought to be attributable to a single gene, transmitted in an autosomal-dominant fashion. The association of absolute pitch with autism raises the speculation that this talent could be linked to a genetically distinct subset of children with autism. Further, the identification of absolute pitch in even young children with autism may lead to a lifelong skill. (C) 2008 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brenton, James N.; Devries, Seth P.; Barton, Christine; Minnich, Heike; Sokol, Deborah K.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Sect, Dept Neurol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Sokol, DK (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Pediat Sect, Dept Neurol, 575 West Dr,XE 40, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM dksokol@iupui.edu CR Athos EA, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P14795, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0703868104 Baharloo S, 1998, AM J HUM GENET, V62, P224, DOI 10.1086/301704 Bonnel A, 2003, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V15, P226, DOI 10.1162/089892903321208169 Brown WA, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P163, DOI 10.1023/A:1022987309913 Buchanan TW, 2004, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V56, P651, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.014 Chugani DC, 1999, ANN NEUROL, V45, P287, DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(199903)45:3<287::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-9 FRITH U, 1989, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN, P118 Gordon E. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.05.004 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 336LO UT WOS:000258365500015 PM 18639762 ER PT J AU Grigorenko, EL Han, SS Yrigollen, CM Leng, L Mizue, Y Anderson, GM Mulder, EJ de Bildt, A Minderaa, RB Volkmar, FR Chang, JT Bucala, R AF Grigorenko, Elena L. Han, Summer S. Yrigollen, Carolyn M. Leng, Lin Mizue, Yuka Anderson, George M. Mulder, Erik J. de Bildt, Annelies Minderaa, Ruud B. Volkmar, Fred R. Chang, Joseph T. Bucala, Richard TI Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autism spectrum disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; ASD; MIF; neurodevelopmental disorders; genetic association; genetic polymorphisms; immunologic insult ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATIONS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; FACTOR MIF; CHILDREN; BRAIN; POLYMORPHISM; ANTIBODIES; LINKAGE AB OBJECTIVE. Autistic spectrum disorders are childhood neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and communicative impairment and repetitive and stereotypical behavior. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of innate immunity that promotes monocyte/macrophage-activation responses by increasing the expression of Toll-like receptors and inhibiting activation-induced apoptosis. On the basis of results of previous genetic linkage studies and reported altered innate immune response in autism spectrum disorder, we hypothesized that MIF could represent a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder or its diagnostic components. METHODS. Genetic association between autism spectrum disorder and MIF was investigated in 2 independent sets of families of probands with autism spectrum disorder, from the United States (527 participants from 152 families) and Holland (532 participants from 183 families). Probands and their siblings, when available, were evaluated with clinical instruments used for autism spectrum disorder diagnoses. Genotyping was performed for 2 polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MIF gene in both samples sequentially. In addition, MIF plasma analyses were conducted in a subset of Dutch patients from whom plasma was available. RESULTS. There were genetic associations between known functional polymorphisms in the promoter for MIF and autism spectrum disorder - related behaviors. Also, probands with autism spectrum disorder exhibited higher circulating MIF levels than did their unaffected siblings, and plasma MIF concentrations correlated with the severity of multiple autism spectrum disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS. These results identify MIF as a possible susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder. Additional research is warranted on the precise relationship between MIF and the behavioral components of autism spectrum disorder, the mechanism by which MIF contributes to autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis, and the clinical use of MIF genotyping. C1 [Grigorenko, Elena L.; Yrigollen, Carolyn M.; Anderson, George M.; Volkmar, Fred R.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Grigorenko, Elena L.; Volkmar, Fred R.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Grigorenko, Elena L.; Leng, Lin; Bucala, Richard] Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Chang, Joseph T.] Yale Univ, Dept Stat, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Leng, Lin; Bucala, Richard] Yale Univ, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Leng, Lin; Bucala, Richard] Yale Univ, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Han, Summer S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Psychol, Moscow, Russia. [Mizue, Yuka] Sapporo Immuno Diagnost Lab, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. 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The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man No. 606232) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes hypotonia, severely impaired development of speech and language, autistic-like behavior, and minor dysmorphic features. Although the number of reported cases is increasing, the 22q13.3 deletion remains underdiagnosed because of failure in recognizing the clinical phenotype and detecting the 22qter deletion by routine chromosome analyses. Our goal is to contribute to the description of the neurobehavioral phenotype and brain abnormalities of this microdeletional syndrome. METHODS. We assessed neuromotor, sensory, language, communication, and social development and performed cerebral MRI and study of regional cerebral blood flow measured by positron emission tomography in 8 children carrying the 22q13.3 deletion. RESULTS. Despite variability in expression and severity, the children shared a common developmental profile characterized by hypotonia, sleep disorders, and poor response to their environment in early infancy; expressive language deficit contrasting with emergence of social reciprocity from ages similar to 3 to 5 years; sensory processing dysfunction; and neuromotor disorders. Brain MRI findings were normal or showed a thin or morphologically atypical corpus callosum. Positron emission tomography study detected a localized dysfunction of the left temporal polar lobe and amygdala hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS. The developmental course of the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome belongs to pervasive developmental disorders but is distinct from autism. An improved description of the natural history of this syndrome should help in recognizing this largely underdiagnosed condition. C1 [Philippe, Anne; Malan, Valerie; de Blois, Marie-Christine; Colleaux, Laurence; Munnich, Arnold] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Paris, France. [Philippe, Anne; de Blois, Marie-Christine; Colleaux, Laurence; Munnich, Arnold] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Genet, Paris, France. [Boddaert, Nathalie] Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Mixed Unit Res 0205, Orsay, France. [Vaivre-Douret, Laurence; Robel, Laurence; Golse, Bernard] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Psychiat, Paris, France. [Vaivre-Douret, Laurence] Univ Paris 10, Mixed Unit Res S0669, Univ Paris 05, Univ Paris 11, Paris 10, France. [Vaivre-Douret, Laurence] Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Paris, France. [Danon-Boileau, Laurent] Natl Ctr Sci Res, Mixed Unit Res 7114, Paris, France. [Heron, Delphine] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Genet, Paris, France. RP Philippe, A (reprint author), Hop Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM, U781, 149 Rue Sevres, F-75015 Paris, France. 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Following CRT normalization, excesses of porphyrins and isoprostanes have been reported in the urines of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. It was suggested (Whiteley et al., 2006, Pediatr. Int. 2006; 48: 292-297) that urinary CRT levels may be depressed in children with autism spectrum disorders. This prompted re-evaluation of CRT levels in such children. Methods: First matinal urinary CRT levels were compared between subjects in different diagnostic categories including autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and hyperactivity, before and after correction for age and gender. A larger reference group, consisting of subjects with unrelated disorders and Asperger disorder, with no reported porphyrin excess, was also compared to the group with autistic disorder, both for CRT and for porphyrin (coproporphyrin, COPRO) excess. Results: No significant difference in CRT was observed between any of the categories analyzed, also when corrected for age and gender. In contrast, urinary COPRO levels were significantly higher in autistic disorder versus reference groups, either when expressed as absolute values (independent of CRT levels) or when normalized to CRT. Conclusions: These data do not support a systematic reduction in urinary CRT levels in subjects with autism spectrum disorders including autistic disorder and PDD-NOS. Urinary COPRO excess in autistic disorder was not associated with or consequent upon urinary CRT deficiency. Differences between affected and control subjects in age and sampling time, as reported by Whiteley et al., may underlie the apparent CRT reduction. C1 [Lathe, Richard] Pieta Res, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nataf, Robert; Lam, Alain] Philippe Auguste Lab, Paris, France. [Skorupka, Corinne] Assoc ARIANE, Clichy, France. 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Int. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 528 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02621.x PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 341RK UT WOS:000258732300023 PM 19143977 ER PT J AU Mouridsen, SE Rich, B Isager, T AF Mouridsen, Svend E. Rich, Bente Isager, Torben TI Body mass index in male and female children with pervasive developmental disorders SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; atypical autism; body mass index; developmental disorder; endophenotype; pervasive ID ASPERGERS-DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ADOLESCENTS; WEIGHT; PSYCHIATRY; CURVES; BIRTH; AGE AB Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate body mass index (BMI) of children with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) attending two university clinics during the 1960-84 period. Methods: BMI derived from medical records of 83 consecutively admitted children with atypical autism and 115 children with Asperger syndrome were compared with the corresponding BMI percentiles in an age- and sex-matched reference population. Results: The BMI distribution of the boys, but not the girls, in both diagnostic categories was significantly lower than those of the age-matched reference populations. Approximately 15% of the boys had a BMI below the fifth percentile. Conclusions: The present findings are comparable to the results of other studies. Particular attention is given to low BMI as a potential endophenotype in boys with PDD. C1 [Mouridsen, Svend E.] Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rich, Bente] Odense Univ Hosp, Child Adolescent Psychiat Dept, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Isager, Torben] Glostrup Univ Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Glostrup, Denmark. RP Mouridsen, SE (reprint author), Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM sem01@bbh.hosp.dk FU Mindelegat FX The authors wish to thank C. Hermansen's Mindelegat for financial support and Dr Bernadette Buhl-Nielsen for linguistic revision of this paper. 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Int. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 50 IS 4 BP 569 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02618.x PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 341RK UT WOS:000258732300031 PM 19143984 ER PT J AU Liss, M Mailloux, J Erchull, MJ AF Liss, Miriam Mailloux, Jennifer Erchull, Mindy J. TI The relationships between sensory processing sensitivity, alexithymia, autism, depression, and anxiety SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE sensory processing sensitivity; highly sensitive people; alexithymia; autism; anxiety; depression ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; SOCIAL ANXIETY; DISORDER; STIMULATION; RELIABILITY; INVENTORY; VALIDITY; STRESS; SCALE AB The goal of the current investigation was to better understand the relationships between the three recently-developed factors of sensory processing sensitivity (ease of excitation - EOE, low sensory threshold - LST, and aesthetic sensitivity - AES) and alexithymia, autism symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Two hundred and one college students completed the highly sensitive person scale, as well as measures of anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and autism symptoms. EOE and LST were related to autism symptoms, alexithymia, anxiety, and depression. AES was related to attention to details (a symptom of autism) and anxiety but not to depression. It was also negatively related to externally-oriented thinking (a symptom of alexithymia). Results indicate that AES is conceptually distinct from LST and EOE. Furthermore, EOE interacted with difficulty identifying feelings in predicting anxiety, indicating that being both easily excited by stimuli and unable to identify one's feelings is particularly anxiety provoking. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liss, Miriam; Mailloux, Jennifer; Erchull, Mindy J.] Univ Mary Washington, Dept Psychol, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. RP Liss, M (reprint author), Univ Mary Washington, Dept Psychol, 1301 Coll Ave, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. 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TI Normal, pathological and mendable synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex SO PSN-PSYCHIATRIE SCIENCES HUMAINES NEUROSCIENCES LA French DT Article DE cerebral cortex; synaptogenesis; synaptic pathologies; plasticity ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC SPINES; CRITICAL PERIOD; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VISUAL-CORTEX; PLASTICITY; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM AB In the cerebral cortex, different phases of synaptogenesis coincide with the main maturation stages of sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Early in development, synapses are generated and differentiated under the control of robust mechanisms governed by genes. Then, during multiple critical periods, extending from the end of gestation to the end of puberty, the way in which the synaptic structure develops is highly dependent upon the quality of the environment. The duration of these critical periods increases significantly through evolution. This "epigenetic opening'' of synaptogenesis to the environment is maximal in the human cerebral cortex. It is the source of the exceptional cognitive adaptability and cultural creativity of our species. It is also, possibly, one of our multiple psychological fragilities. Analysis of the human genome reveals that mutations in genes related to synaptic structure and signalisation are linked to many psychiatric disorders. Neurobiologists are able to manipulate the critical periods of synaptogenesis during development and have begun to do so in the adult cerebral cortex. These epigenetic manipulations might allow us to restore synaptic plasticity and, potentially, repair the disorganised synaptic circuits observed in psychiatric pathologies. You said epigenetic manipulations? C1 Inst Pasteur, CNRS URA2182 Gene Synapse & Cognit, Lab Genet Humaine & Fonct Cognit, Dept Neurosci, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Bourgeois, JP (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, CNRS URA2182 Gene Synapse & Cognit, Lab Genet Humaine & Fonct Cognit, Dept Neurosci, 25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. 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TI Analysis of the neuroligin 4Y gene in patients with autism SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; mutation detection; neuroligin 4Y ID MUTATIONS; NLGN4; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHROMOSOME; BINDING AB Frameshift and missense mutations in the X-linked neuroligin 4 (NLGN4, MIM# 300427) and neuroligin 3 (NLGN3, MIM# 300336) genes have been identified in patients with autism, Asperger syndrome and mental retardation. We hypothesize that sequence variants in NLGN4Y are associated with autism or mental retardation. The coding sequences and splice junctions of the NLGN4Y gene were analyzed in 335 male samples (290 with autism and 45 with mental retardation). A total of 1.1 Mb of genomic DNA was sequenced. One missense variant, p.1679V, was identified in a patient with autism, as well as his father with learning disabilities. The 1679 residue is highly conserved in three members of the neuroligin family. The absence of p.1679V in 2986 control Y chromosomes and the high similarity of NLGN4 and NLGN4Y are consistent with the hypothesis that p.1679V contributes to the etiology of autism. The presence of only one structural variant in our population of 335 males with autism/mental retardation, the unavailability of significant family cosegregation and an absence of functional assays are, however, important limitations of this study. C1 [Yan, Jin; Feng, Jinong; Li, Wenyan; Sommer, Steve S.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Schroer, Richard; Skinner, Cindy; Schwartz, Charles E.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Cook, Edwin H., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Sommer, SS (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 204 EP 207 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 331OF UT WOS:000258020800009 PM 18628683 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Inada, N Tsujii, H Kurita, H AF Koyama, Tomonori Inada, Naoko Tsujii, Hiromi Kurita, Hiroshi TI Predicting children with pervasive developmental disorders using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pervasive developmental disorders; screening; sensitivity; specificity; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition ID WISC-III; PROFILES; AUTISM AB An original combination score (i.e. the sum of Vocabulary and Comprehension subtracted from the sum of Block Design and Digit Span) was created from the four Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) subtests identified by discriminant analysis on WISC-III data from 139/129 children with/without pervasive developmental disorders (PDD; mean, 8.3/8.1 years) and its utility examined for predicting PDD. 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PD AUG PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 476 EP 478 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01826.x PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 332RB UT WOS:000258099700015 PM 18778447 ER PT J AU Turner, M AF Turner, Mark TI Robots, mirror, neurons, virtual reality and autism SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMITATION; DYSFUNCTION; PREMOTOR; CHILDREN; FMRI AB To address a growing public awareness and apparent increase in prevalence of autism (Prior, 2003), psychologists need to devise improved treatment options based on the latest scientific discoveries. One popular treatment option is the use of 'psychoeducational' intervention strategies. The use of such strategies by educationists might be more fruitful in helping children with autism with the added application of scientific methods that seem to monitor what has been called a 'mirror neuron' (MN) dysfunction in autism. So why do MN system dysfunction and difficulties in imitation apply to children with autism, and how can educationists facilitate such discoveries for the benefit of those affected? 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Denning, Christopher B. Jamison, Kristen Roorbach TI Exploring the effects of a social communication intervention for improving requests and word diversity in preschoolers with disabilities SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEAD-START; SKILLS; AUTISM; SCHOOL; COMPETENCE; DISCOURSE; BEHAVIOR; ACCESS AB This study examined the effects of a multicomponent social communication intervention to promote language learning and peer-directed social interactions in preschool children with disabilities. Participants were eight children with developmental disabilities who met the specified Criteria for the study. The intervention consisted of three components: (a) a planning, period for instructional purposes. (b) a play session to practice skills. and (c) a brief reporting period to review skill performance. A Multiple baseline design across two dyads replicated across two additional dyads was used. 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SCI. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 12 IS 8 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.tics.2008.05.002 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 337JU UT WOS:000258433200002 PM 18606560 ER PT J AU Theoharides, TC Doyle, R Francis, K Conti, P Kalogeromitros, D AF Theoharides, Theoharis C. Doyle, Robert Francis, Konstantinos Conti, Pio Kalogeromitros, Dimitris TI Novel therapeutic targets for autism SO TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN MAST-CELLS; CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; FOOD ALLERGY AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are pervasive neuro-developmental disorders, diagnosed in early childhood when acquired skills are lost or the acquisition of new skills becomes delayed. ASDs are associated with varying degrees of dysfunctional communication and social skills, in addition to repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. The diagnosis has increased considerably to approximately one in 180 people, but it is not clear whether this is because of a higher prevalence of the disorder, improved awareness by clinicians or a combination of both. There are no defined mechanisms of pathogenesis or curative therapy presently available. Oxidative stress, overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increased gut-blood-brain-barrier permeability might be involved. The scope of this article is to integrate these findings and present the opinion that non-allergic activation of gastrointestinal and brain mast cells could contribute to many of the pathologic findings and provide unique targets for ASD therapy. We make suggestions for new research directives and possible novel therapies from readily available molecules. C1 [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut,Tufts Med Ctr, Lab Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.; Kalogeromitros, Dimitris] Attikon Gen Hosp, Athens Med Sch, Allergy Unit, Allergy Clin Res Ctr, Athens 12462, Greece. [Doyle, Robert] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat Psychopharmacol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Francis, Konstantinos] Attikon Gen Hosp, Athens Med Sch, Dept Psychiat 2, Athens 12462, Greece. [Conti, Pio] Univ G dAnnunzio, Sch Med, Dept Canc & Neurosci, Div Immunol, I-66013 Chieti, Italy. RP Theoharides, TC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut,Tufts Med Ctr, Lab Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM theoharis.theoharides@tufts.edu FU NIH [NS38326, AR47652]; Mastocytosis Society (USA); Theta Biomedical Consulting and Development (Brookline, MA) FX Aspects of this work were funded in part by NIH grants NS38326 and AR47652, the Mastocytosis Society (USA) and Theta Biomedical Consulting and Development (Brookline, MA) to T.C.T. Many thanks to Jessica Christian for her word-processing skills. 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Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 8 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.002 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 341WQ UT WOS:000258746600001 PM 18606459 ER PT J AU Hu, HL Qin, Y Bochorishvili, G Zhu, YH van Aelst, L Zhu, JJ AF Hu, Hailan Qin, Yi Bochorishvili, Genrieta Zhu, Yinghua van Aelst, Linda Zhu, J. 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Here, we report an examination of small GTPase Ras signaling and synaptic AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) trafficking in cultured slices and intact brains of wild-type and FMR1 knock-out mice. In FMR1 knock-out mice, synaptic delivery of GluR1-, but not GluR2L- and GluR4-containing AMPA-Rs is impaired, resulting in a selective loss of GluR1- dependent long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Although Ras activity is upregulated, its downstream MEK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling appears normal, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB; or Akt) signaling is compromised in FMR1 knock-out mice. Enhancing Ras-PI3K-PKB signaling restores synaptic delivery of GluR1-containing AMPA-Rs and normal LTP in FMR1 knock-out mice. 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PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 1221 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.080 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 334XF UT WOS:000258254300014 PM 18555209 ER PT J AU Adolphs, R Spezio, ML Parlier, M Piven, J AF Adolphs, Ralph Spezio, Michael L. Parlier, Morgan Piven, Joseph TI Distinct face-processing strategies in parents of autistic children SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYGDALA VOLUME; GAZE-FIXATION; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPE; FAMILIES; BUBBLES; BRAIN AB In his original description of autism, Kanner [1] noted that the parents of autistic children often exhibited unusual social behavior themselves, consistent with what we now know about the high heritability of autism [2]. We investigated this so-called Broad Autism Phenotype in the parents of children with autism, who themselves did not receive a diagnosis of any psychiatric illness. Building on recent quantifications of social cognition in autism [3], we investigated face processing by using the "bubbles" method [4] to measure how viewers make use of information from specific facial features in order to judge emotions. Parents of autistic children who were assessed as socially aloof (N = 15), a key component of the phenotype [5], showed a remarkable reduction in processing the eye region in faces, together with enhanced processing of the mouth, compared to a control group of parents of neurotypical children (N = 20), as well as to nonaloof parents of autistic children (N = 27, whose pattern of face processing was intermediate). The pattern of face processing seen in the Broad Autism Phenotype showed striking similarities to that previously reported to occur in autism [3] and for the first time provides a window into the endophenotype that may result from a subset of the genes that contribute to social cognition. C1 [Parlier, Morgan; Piven, Joseph] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Adolphs, Ralph; Spezio, Michael L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Spezio, Michael L.] Scripps Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Piven, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Biol. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 14 BP 1090 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.073 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 336PW UT WOS:000258378100034 PM 18635351 ER PT J AU Skogstrand, K Ekelund, CK Thorsen, P Vogel, I Jacobsson, B Norgaard-Pedersen, B Hougaard, DM AF Skogstrand, Kristin Ekelund, Charlotte K. Thorsen, Poul Vogel, Ida Jacobsson, Bo Norgaard-Pedersen, Bent Hougaard, David M. TI Effects of blood sample handling procedures on measurable inflammatory markers in plasma, serum and dried blood spot samples SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE blood spots; plasma; storage; inflammatory markers; Luminex ID NEONATAL CYTOKINES; CEREBRAL-PALSY; WHOLE-BLOOD; NEUROTROPHINS; CHILDREN; NEUROPEPTIDES; AUTISM AB The interests in monitoring inflammation by immunoassay determination of blood inflammatory markers call for information on the stability of these markers in relation to the handling of blood samples. The increasing use of stored biobank samples for such ventures that may have been collected and stored for other purposes, justifies the study hereof. Blood samples were stored for 0, 4, 24, and 48 h at 4 degrees C, room temperature (RT), and at 35 degrees C, respectively, before they were separated into serum or plasma and frozen. Dried blood spot samples (DBSS) were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 30 days at the same temperatures. 27 inflammatory markers in serum and plasma and 25 markers in DBSS were measured by a previously validated multiplex sandwich immumoassay using Luminex xMAP technology. The measurable concentrations of several cytokines in serum and plasma were significantly increased when blood samples were stored for a period of time before the centrifugation, for certain cytokines more than 1000 fold compared to serum and plasma isolated and frozen immediately after venepuncture. The concentrations in serum generally increased more than in plasma. The measurable concentrations of inflammatory markers also changed in DBSS stored under various conditions compared to controls frozen immediately after preparation, but to a much lesser degree than in plasma or serum. The study demonstrates that trustworthy measurement of several inflammatory markers relies on handling of whole blood samples at low temperatures and rapid isolation of plasma and serum. Effects of different handling procedures for all markers studied are given. DBSS proved to be a robust and convenient way to handle samples for immunoassay analysis of inflammatory markers in whole blood. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Skogstrand, Kristin; Norgaard-Pedersen, Bent; Hougaard, David M.] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. [Skogstrand, Kristin; Ekelund, Charlotte K.; Thorsen, Poul; Vogel, Ida; Jacobsson, Bo] Univ Aarhus, NANEA, Inst Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark. [Ekelund, Charlotte K.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Fetal Med & Ultrasound, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Vogel, Ida] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. [Jacobsson, Bo] Univ Gothenburg, Perinatal Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Skogstrand, K (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. 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Methods PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 336 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2008.04.006 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 317TY UT WOS:000257044200011 PM 18495149 ER PT J AU Stokstad, E AF Stokstad, Erik TI Medicine - Stalled trial for autism highlights dilemma of alternative treatments SO SCIENCE LA English DT News Item CR 2001, SCIENCE 1005, P37 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5887 BP 326 EP 326 DI 10.1126/science.321.5887.326 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 327FB UT WOS:000257713900005 PM 18635766 ER PT J AU Wadman, M AF Wadman, Meredith TI Autism study panned by critics SO NATURE LA English DT News Item CR Stangle DE, 2007, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V115, P201, DOI 10.1289/ehp.9263 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7202 BP 259 EP 259 DI 10.1038/454259a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326ND UT WOS:000257665300006 PM 18633377 ER PT J AU Yamagata, T Urano, H Weeber, EJ Nelson, DL Nishijima, I AF Yamagata, T. Urano, H. Weeber, E. J. Nelson, D. L. Nishijima, I. TI Impaired hippocampal synaptic function in secretin deficient mice SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE peptide hormone; knock-out mice; hippocampus; synapse; autism; beta-galactosidase ID STEM-CELLS; AUTISM; RECEPTORS; TRANSMISSION; CEREBELLUM; ACTIVATION; CORTEX; BRAIN AB Secretin is a gut peptide hormone that is also expressed in the CNS. To explore the potential neuroactive role of secretin in the brain, we have generated secretin deficient mice. Secretin deficient mice demonstrated impairment in synaptic plasticity (significant reduction in long term potentiation (LTP) induction and LTP maintenance) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Using a beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter in the targeted allele and secretin antibody staining, we have detected secretin gene expression in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and the brain stem in adult mouse brain. In the hippocampus, secretin was expressed in the dentate gyrus, the hilus, and the molecular layer. These findings suggest that secretin is involved in synaptic function in the adult brain. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Urano, H.; Nishijima, I.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pediat, Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Mol & Human Genet,Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. [Yamagata, T.] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. [Weeber, E. J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Physiol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. [Nelson, D. L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nishijima, I (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Pediat, Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Ctr Mol & Human Genet,Res Inst, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. 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Understanding autism SO QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE LA French DT Book Review CR REYFLAUD H, ENFANT QUI SEST ARRE NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE PI PARIS PA 135 RUE SAINT-MARTIN, 75194 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0048-6493 J9 QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE JI Quinz. Litt. PD JUL 16 PY 2008 IS 973 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Literature SC Literature GA 329FI UT WOS:000257851900026 ER PT J AU Catani, M Jones, DK Daly, E Embiricos, N Deeley, Q Pugliese, L Curran, S Robertson, D Murphy, DGM AF Catani, Marco Jones, Derek K. Daly, Eileen Embiricos, Nitzia Deeley, Quinton Pugliese, Luca Curran, Sarah Robertson, Dene Murphy, Declan G. M. TI Altered cerebellar feedback projections in Asperger syndrome SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Asperger; cerebellum; white matter; diffusion tensor; tractography; autism ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CEREBRAL WHITE-MATTER; DIFFUSION TENSOR MRI; INFANTILE-AUTISM; HUMAN BRAIN; FIBER TRACTOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ABNORMALITIES; CHILDREN AB It has been proposed that the biological basis of autism spectrum disorder includes cerebellar 'disconnection'. However, direct in vivo evidence in support of this is lacking. Here, the microstructural integrity of cerebellar white matter in adults with Asperger syndrome was studied using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tractography. Fifteen adults with Asperger syndrome and 16 age-IQ-gender-matched healthy controls underwent diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. For each subject, tract-specific measurements of mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were made within the inferior, middle, superior cerebellar peduncles and short intracerebellar fibres. No group differences were observed in mean diffusivity. However, people with Asperger syndrome had significantly lower fractional anisotropy in the short intracerebellar fibres (p < 0.001) and right superior cerebellar (output) peduncle (p < 0.001) compared to controls; but no difference in the input tracts. Severity of social impairment, as measured by the Autistic Diagnostic Interview, was negatively correlated with diffusion anisotropy in the fibres of the left superior cerebellar peduncle. These findings suggest a vulnerability of specific cerebellar neural pathways in people with Asperger syndrome. The localised abnormalities in the main cerebellar outflow pathway may prevent the cerebral cortex from receiving those cerebellar feedback inputs necessary for a successful adaptive social behaviour. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Catani, Marco; Daly, Eileen; Embiricos, Nitzia; Deeley, Quinton; Pugliese, Luca; Curran, Sarah; Robertson, Dene; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Sect Brain Maturat, Dept Psychol Med & Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Jones, Derek K.] CUBRIC Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. RP Catani, M (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Sect Brain Maturat, Dept Psychol Med & Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Connors, Caitlin M. Schultz, Robert T. TI Self, mother and abstract other: An fMRI study of reflective social processing SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE self; self reference; theory of mind; social attribution; dorsal medial prefrontal cortex; temporal pole ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; REPRESENTATION; METAANALYSIS; PERSPECTIVE; JUDGMENTS; KNOWLEDGE; BEHAVIOR; SEARCH; AUTISM AB Using fMRI, we studied the neural correlates of self-referential processing by comparing BOLD signal changes during self and mother conditions of a self-reference effect (SRE) task. Conjunction analysis of these two conditions showed several common areas of significant activation, including the medial aspects of the superior frontal gyri, left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral temporal poles, left superior temporal sulcus and left precuneus. The locations of the 7 strongest peak activations for the self condition and for the mother condition were compared on a subject-by-subject basis in native space. Of the 119 pairs of peaks explored, 87% were located within 2 voxels of each other, demonstrating the commonality of the brain regions subserving both self- and mother-referential processing within an individual subject. In group analyses of the self-referential vs. mother-referential contrast, small differences in activation strength were observed in the left superior frontal sulcus, right cingulate gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus. Greater activation for mother than for self was observed in bilateral temporal lobes. Subjects also performed a social attribution task (SAT) in which they inferred mental states about interacting geometric shapes. Activations from this visual theory of mind task were compared with the activations demonstrated during self-referential processing. Striking similarities were found, including overlapping activations in bilateral medial prefrontal cortices, left inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus. These data suggest that reflective analysis of self, mother and abstract others relies predominantly on the same neural architecture. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanderwal, Tamara; Grupe, Daniel W.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Connors, Caitlin M.] London Sch Econ, London, England. [Hunyadi, Elinora; Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Ctr Austism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Vanderwal, T (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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L. Braesicke, K. Man, M. S. Roberts, A. C. TI Uncoupling of behavioral and autonomic responses after lesions of the primate orbitofrontal cortex SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE behavioral inhibition; emotion; reversal learning ID PREFRONTAL CORTICAL PROJECTIONS; CENTRAL NUCLEUS FUNCTION; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; INFRALIMBIC CORTEX; MACAQUE MONKEYS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; RHESUS-MONKEYS; LONGITUDINAL COLUMNS; PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY; EXTINCTION AB Successful adaptation to changes in an animal's emotional and motivational environment depends on behavioral flexibility accompanied by changes in bodily responses, e.g., autonomic and endocrine, which support the change in behavior. Here, we identify the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as pivotal in the flexible regulation and coordination of behavioral and autonomic responses during adaptation. Using an appetitive Pavlovian task, we demonstrate that OFC lesions in the marmoset (i) impair an animal's ability to rapidly suppress its appetitive cardiovascular arousal upon termination of a conditioned stimulus and (ii) cause an uncoupling of the behavioral and autonomic components of the adaptive response after reversal of the reward contingencies. These findings highlight the role of the OFC in emotional regulation and are highly relevant to our understanding of disorders such as schizophrenia and autism in which uncoupling of emotional responses may contribute to the experiential distress and disadvantageous behavior associated with these disorders. C1 [Reekie, Y. L.; Braesicke, K.; Man, M. S.; Roberts, A. C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Physiol Dev & Neurosci, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England. [Braesicke, K.; Man, M. S.; Roberts, A. C.] Univ Cambridge, Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Cambridge CB2 3EB, England. 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The performances of the 30 outpatients with schizophrenia on a psychometric measure, the Empathy Quotient (EQ), were compared with those of 30 control subjects matched for age, duration of education and gender. The relatives or spouses of the patients also filled out the EQ. A neuropsychological battery, including emotion recognition, emotional reasoning and theory of mind tasks, was also administered. Schizophrenia patients had severe empathy dysfunction based on their relative EQ ratings. There was a serious discrepancy between the self and relative/spouse assessments of the empathic skills of schizophrenia patients. Consistent with the previous findings schizophrenia patients were impaired in nearly all cognitive tasks. The empathy deficits of schizophrenia patients were associated with their impairments in other social cognitive tasks. Studies focusing on dysfunctional brain networks underlying empathy deficits and studies using more experimental measures of empathy should be helpful to unravel the true nature of the empathic failure in patients with schizophrenia. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bora, Emre] Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Bora, E (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne Neuropsychiat Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. 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PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.017 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 326GE UT WOS:000257645800004 PM 18514324 ER PT J AU Hardan, AY Minshew, NJ Melhem, NM Srihari, S Jo, B Bansal, R Keshavan, MS Stanley, JA AF Hardan, Antonio Y. Minshew, Nancy J. Melhem, Nadine M. Srihari, Sumana Jo, Booil Bansal, Rahul Keshavan, Matcheri S. Stanley, Jeffrey A. TI An MRI and proton spectroscopy study of the thalamus in children with autism SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE sensory profile questionnaire (SPQ); sensory abnormalities; N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ID SENSORY PROFILE; BRAIN SIZE; AGE; INFANCY; MOTOR; ABNORMALITIES; INTERVENTIONS; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; METABOLITES AB Thalamic alterations have been reported in autism, but the relationships between these abnormalities and clinical symptoms, specifically sensory features, have not been elucidated. The goal of this investigation is to combine two neuroimaging methods to examine further the pathophysiology of thalamic anomalies in autism and to identify any association with sensory deficits. Structural MRI and multi-voxel, short echo-time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 MRS) measurements were collected from 18 male children with autism and 16 healthy children. Anatomical measurements of thalamic nuclei and absolute concentration levels of key H-1 MRS metabolites were obtained. Sensory abnormalities were assessed using a sensory profile questionnaire. Lower levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphocreatine and creatine, and choline-containing metabolites were observed on the left side in the autism group compared with controls. No differences in thalamic volumes were observed between the two groups. Relationships, although limited, were observed between measures of sensory abnormalities and H-1 MRS metabolites. Findings from this study support the role of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of autism and more specifically in the sensory abnormalities observed in this disorder. Further investigations of this structure are warranted, since it plays an important role in information processing as part of the cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hardan, Antonio Y.; Jo, Booil] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.; Melhem, Nadine M.; Srihari, Sumana] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bansal, Rahul; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Stanley, Jeffrey A.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Detroit, MI USA. RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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Neuroimaging PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 163 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.12.002 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 325HY UT WOS:000257581200001 PM 18508243 ER PT J AU Vidal, CN Nicolson, R Boire, JY Barra, V DeVito, TJ Hayashi, KM Geage, JA Drost, DJ Williamson, PC Rajakumar, N Toga, AW Thompson, PM AF Vidal, Christine N. Nicolson, Rob Boire, Jean-Yves Barra, Vincent DeVito, Timothy J. Hayashi, Kiralee M. Geage, Jennifer A. Drost, Dick J. Williamson, Peter C. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Toga, Arthur W. Thompson, Paul M. TI Three-dimensional mapping of the lateral ventricles in autism SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Organization-for-Human-Brain-Mapping CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Org Human Brain Mapping DE autism; lateral ventricles; brain; MRI ID CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BRAIN STRUCTURE; REGIONAL BRAIN; MATTER VOLUME; ABNORMALITIES; DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDREN; SIZE; MRI AB In this study, a computational mapping technique was used to examine the three-dimensional profile of the lateral ventricles in autism. T1-weighted three-dimensional magnetic resonance images of the brain were acquired from 20 males with autism (age: 10.1 +/- 3.5 years) and 22 male control subjects (age: 10.7 +/- 2.5 years). The lateral ventricles were delineated manually and ventricular volumes were compared between the two groups. Ventricular traces were also converted into statistical three-dimensional maps, based on anatomical surface meshes. These maps were used to visualize regional morphological differences in the thickness of the lateral ventricles between patients and controls. Although ventricular volumes measured using traditional methods did not differ significantly between groups, statistical surface maps revealed subtle, highly localized reductions in ventricular size in patients with autism in the left frontal and occipital horns. These localized reductions in the lateral ventricles may result from exaggerated brain growth early in life. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nicolson, Rob] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada. [Vidal, Christine N.; Hayashi, Kiralee M.; Geage, Jennifer A.; Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Lab Neuro Imaging,Brain Mapping Div, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. 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Neuroimaging PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 163 IS 2 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.11.002 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 325HY UT WOS:000257581200002 PM 18502618 ER PT J AU Sutcliffe, JS AF Sutcliffe, James S. TI Genetics - Insights into the pathogenesis of autism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; 16P11.2; RISK C1 [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Sutcliffe, JS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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Yoo, Seung-Yun Flavell, Steven W. Kim, Tae-Kyung Lin, Yingxi Hill, Robert Sean Mukaddes, Nahit M. Balkhy, Soher Gascon, Generoso Hashmi, Asif Al-Saad, Samira Ware, Janice Joseph, Robert M. Greenblatt, Rachel Gleason, Danielle Ertelt, Julia A. Apse, Kira A. Bodell, Adria Partlow, Jennifer N. Barry, Brenda Yao, Hui Markianos, Kyriacos Ferland, Russell J. Greenberg, Michael E. Walsh, Christopher A. TI Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MUTATIONS; LINKAGE; PROTEIN; MEMBER; ASSOCIATION; SUPERFAMILY; INHERITANCE AB To find inherited causes of autism- spectrum disorders, we studied families in which parents share ancestors, enhancing the role of inherited factors. We mapped several loci, some containing large, inherited, homozygous deletions that are likely mutations. The largest deletions implicated genes, including PCDH10 ( protocadherin 10) and DIA1 ( deleted in autism1, or c3orf58), whose level of expression changes in response to neuronal activity, a marker of genes involved in synaptic changes that underlie learning. A subset of genes, including NHE9 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 9), showed additional potential mutations in patients with unrelated parents. Our findings highlight the utility of "homozygosity mapping" in heterogeneous disorders like autism but also suggest that defective regulation of gene expression after neural activity may be a mechanism common to seemingly diverse autism mutations. C1 [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Greenblatt, Rachel; Gleason, Danielle; Ertelt, Julia A.; Apse, Kira A.; Bodell, Adria; Partlow, Jennifer N.; Barry, Brenda; Yao, Hui; Markianos, Kyriacos; Walsh, Christopher A.] Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Greenblatt, Rachel; Gleason, Danielle; Ertelt, Julia A.; Apse, Kira A.; Bodell, Adria; Partlow, Jennifer N.; Barry, Brenda; Yao, Hui; Markianos, Kyriacos; Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Greenblatt, Rachel; Gleason, Danielle; Ertelt, Julia A.; Apse, Kira A.; Bodell, Adria; Partlow, Jennifer N.; Barry, Brenda; Walsh, Christopher A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Greenblatt, Rachel; Gleason, Danielle; Ertelt, Julia A.; Apse, Kira A.; Bodell, Adria; Partlow, Jennifer N.; Barry, Brenda; Walsh, Christopher A.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Walsh, Christopher A.] MIT, Program Med & Populat Genet, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Hill, Robert Sean; Walsh, Christopher A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Morrow, Eric M.; Yoo, Seung-Yun; Flavell, Steven W.; Kim, Tae-Kyung; Lin, Yingxi; Hill, Robert Sean; Ware, Janice; Joseph, Robert M.; Apse, Kira A.; Greenberg, Michael E.; Walsh, Christopher A.] Autism Consortium, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Flavell, Steven W.; Kim, Tae-Kyung; Lin, Yingxi; Greenberg, Michael E.] Childrens Hosp, FM Kirby Neurobiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Flavell, Steven W.; Kim, Tae-Kyung; Lin, Yingxi; Greenberg, Michael E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Flavell, Steven W.; Kim, Tae-Kyung; Lin, Yingxi; Greenberg, Michael E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mukaddes, Nahit M.] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Child Psychiat, Istanbul, Turkey. [Balkhy, Soher; Gascon, Generoso] King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Neurosci & Pediat, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Gascon, Generoso] Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hashmi, Asif] Combined Mil Hosp, Dept Neurol, Lahore, Pakistan. [Al-Saad, Samira] Kuwait Ctr Autism, Kuwait, Kuwait. [Ware, Janice] Childrens Hosp, Dev Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Joseph, Robert M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Ferland, Russell J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Walsh, CA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Genet, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Bychowski, Meaghan E. Forbes-Lorman, Robin M. Auger, Catherine J. Auger, Anthony P. TI Mecp2 organizes juvenile social behavior in a sex-specific manner SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mecp2; siRNA; amygdala; sex difference; behavior; epigenetic ID RETT-SYNDROME; PLAY; EXPRESSION; RATS; TESTOSTERONE; AUTISM; PERIOD; MUTATIONS; RELEVANT; PROTEINS AB Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) binds methylated DNA and recruits corepressor proteins to modify chromatin and alter gene transcription. Mutations of the MECP2 gene can cause Rett syndrome, whereas subtle reductions of MeCP2 expression may be associated with male-dominated social and neurodevelopmental disorders. We report that transiently decreased amygdala Mecp2 expression during a sensitive period of brain sexual differentiation disrupts the organization of sex differences in juvenile social play behavior. Interestingly, neonatal treatment with Mecp2 small interfering RNA within the developing amygdala reduced juvenile social play behavior in males but not females. Reduced Mecp2 expression did not change juvenile sociability or anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that this disruption is associated with subtle behavioral modification. This suggests that Mecp2 may have an overlooked role in the organization of sexually dimorphic behaviors and that male juvenile behavior is particularly sensitive to Mecp2 disruption during this period of development. C1 [Kurian, Joseph R.; Forbes-Lorman, Robin M.; Auger, Catherine J.; Auger, Anthony P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bychowski, Meaghan E.; Auger, Catherine J.; Auger, Anthony P.] Univ Wisconsin, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Auger, AP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 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TI Transcription factor MEF2C influences neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation and maturation in vivo SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neurogenesis; synaptogenesis; autism; Rett syndrome ID RETT-SYNDROME; MOUSE EMBRYOGENESIS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; MECP2; MICE; NEURONS; PROTEIN; GENE; DEFICIENCY; EXPRESSION AB Emerging evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors act as effectors of neurogenesis in the brain, with MEF2C the predominant isoform in developing cerebrocortex. Here, we show that conditional knockout of Mef2c in nestin-expressing neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) impaired neuronal differentiation in vivo, resulting in aberrant compaction and smaller somal size. NSC proliferation and survival were not affected. 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TI A DRD1 haplotype is associated with risk for autism spectrum disorders in male-only affected sib-pair families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; dopamine D1 receptor; family-based association tests; case-control study; candidate gene ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR GENE; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; PRIMATE PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; CARD SORTING TEST; BETA-HYDROXYLASE; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have impairments in executive function and social cognition, with males generally being more severely affected in these areas than females. Because the dopamine D1 receptor (encoded by DRD1) is integral to the neural circuitry mediating these processes, we examined the DRD1 gene for its role in susceptibility to ASDs by performing single marker and haplotype case-control comparisons, family-based association tests, and genotype-phenotype assessments (quantitative transmission disequilibrium. tests: QTDT) using three DRD1 polymorphisms, rs265981C/T, rs4532A/G, and rs686T/C. Our previous findings suggested that the dopaminergic system may be more integrally involved in families with affected males only than in other families. We therefore restricted our study to families with two or more affected males (N = 112). There was over-transmission of rs265981-C and rs4532-A in these families (P = 0.040, P = 0.038), with haplotype TDT analysis showing over-transmission of the C-A-T haplotype (P=0.022) from mothers to affected sons (P = 0.013). 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J. Med. Genet. B PD JUL 5 PY 2008 VL 147B IS 5 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30655 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry SC Genetics & Heredity; Psychiatry GA 323LG UT WOS:000257447000013 PM 18205172 ER PT J AU Rommelse, NNJ Arias-Vasquez, A Altink, ME Buschgens, CJM Fliers, E Asherson, P Faraone, SV Buitelaar, JK Sergeant, JA Osterlaan, J Franke, B AF Rommelse, Nanda N. J. Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro Altink, Marieke E. Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M. Fliers, Ellen Asherson, Philip Faraone, Stephen V. Buitelaar, Jan K. Sergeant, Joseph A. Osterlaan, Jaap Franke, Barbara TI Neuropsychological endophenotype approach to genome-wide linkage analysis identifies susceptibility loci for ADHD on 2q21.1 and 13q12.11 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHILDREN; AUTISM; ASSOCIATION; DYSLEXIA; ADOLESCENTS; SIBLINGS; DEFICITS; ADULTS; SCAN AB ADHD linkage findings have not all been consistently replicated, suggesting that other approaches to linkage analysis in ADHD might be necessary, such as the use of (quantitative) endophenotypes (heritable traits associated with an increased risk for ADHD). Genome-wide linkage analyses were performed in the Dutch subsample of the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study comprising 238 DSM-IV combined-type ADHD probands and their 112 affected and 195 nonaffected siblings. Eight candidate neuropsychological ADHD endophenotypes with heritabilities > 0.2 were used as quantitative traits. In addition, an overall component score of neuropsychological functioning was used. A total of 5407 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to run multipoint regression-based linkage analyses. Two significant genome-wide linkage signals were found, one for Motor Timing on chromosome 2q21.1 (LOD score: 3.944) and one for Digit Span on 13q12.11 (LOD score: 3.959). Ten suggestive linkage signals were found (LOD scores > 2) on chromosomes 2p, 2q, 3p, 4q, 8q, 12p, 12q, 14q, and 17q. The suggestive linkage signal for the component score that was found at 2q14.3 (LOD score: 2.878) overlapped with the region significantly linked to Motor Timing. Endophenotype approaches may increase power to detect susceptibility loci in ADHD and possibly in other complex disorders. C1 [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Altink, Marieke E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Fliers, Ellen; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Donders Ctr Neurosci, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Osterlaan, Jaap] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Neuropsychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Human Genet, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Asherson, Philip] Kings Coll London, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 A87, England. [Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Franke, B (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Donders Ctr Neurosci, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 83 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.06.006 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 328FO UT WOS:000257784000012 PM 18599010 ER PT J AU Case-Smith, J Arbesman, M AF Case-Smith, Jane Arbesman, Marian TI Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or of relevance to occupational therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; pediatrics; systematic review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INTEGRATION; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; PARENTS; RESPONSIVITY; DISABILITIES; BENEFITS AB Occupational therapy practitioners are among the professionals who provide services to children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), embracing both leadership and supportive roles in service delivery. The study's primary aims were as follows: (1) to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the research literature on interventions for ASD of relevance to occupational therapy and (2) to interpret and apply the research literature to occupational therapy. A total of 49 articles met the authors' criteria and were included in the review. Six categories of research topics were identified, the first 3 of which are most closely related to occupational therapy: (1) sensory integration and sensory-based interventions, (2) relationship-based, interactive interventions, (3) developmental skill-based programs, (4) social cognitive skill training, (5) parent-directed or parent-mediated approaches; and (6) intensive behavioral intervention. Under each category, themes supported by research evidence and applicable to occupational therapy were defined. 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J. Occup. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 62 IS 4 BP 416 EP 429 PG 14 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 330MB UT WOS:000257944600006 PM 18712004 ER PT J AU Moss, JF Oliver, C Berg, K Kaur, G Jephcott, L Cornish, K AF Moss, Joanna F. Oliver, Chris Berg, Katy Kaur, Gurmeash Jephcott, Lesley Cornish, Kim TI Prevalence of Autism spectrum phenomenology in Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID DE-LANGE-SYNDROME; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS; DELANGE-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; COHEN-SYNDROME; NIPPED-B; INDIVIDUALS AB Autism spectrum disorder characteristics have not been evaluated in Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes using robust assessments. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Social Communication Questionnaire were administered to 34 participants with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and a comparison group of 23 participants with Cri du Chat syndrome (M ages 12.4 [SD = 3.8] and 10.3 years [SD = 3.6], respectively). Twenty-one participants with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (61.8%) scored above the autism cutoff on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule compared to 9 with Cri du Chat syndrome (39.2%). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder characteristics is heightened in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The profile of characteristics is atypical to that of idiopathic autism. C1 [Moss, Joanna F.; Oliver, Chris; Berg, Katy; Kaur, Gurmeash; Jephcott, Lesley] Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Cornish, Kim] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Oliver, C (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 278 EP 291 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2008)113[278:POASPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 327VU UT WOS:000257757400004 PM 18564888 ER PT J AU Barisnikov, K Hippolyte, L Van der Linden, M AF Barisnikov, Koviijka Hippolyte, Loyse Van der Linden, Martial TI Face processing and facial emotion recognition in adults with Down syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL ON MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; NONRETARDED-CHILDREN; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; EXPRESSIONS; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; ADOLESCENTS; PERFORMANCE; MEMORY AB Face processing and facial expression recognition was investigated in 17 adults with Down syndrome, and results were compared with those of a child control group matched for receptive vocabulary. On the tasks involving faces without emotional content, the adults with Down syndrome performed significantly worse than did the controls. However, their performance was good on the tests with complete faces. On the facial expression tasks, participants with Down syndrome exhibited particular difficulties with the neutral and surprised expressions. Analysis of their error pattern suggest they had a tendency to judge faces more positively than did the controls. Finally, there were significant relationships among emotional processing, receptive vocabulary, and inhibition measures; nonverbal reasoning ability was not related to any of the tasks. C1 Univ Geneva, Child Clin Neuropsychol Unit, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Barisnikov, K (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Child Clin Neuropsychol Unit, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. 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J. Ment. Retard. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 113 IS 4 BP 292 EP 306 DI 10.1352/0895-8017(2008)113[292:FPAFER]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 327VU UT WOS:000257757400005 ER PT J AU Bitsika, V AF Bitsika, Vicki TI Including an analysis of difficult behaviour in the assessment of children with an autism spectrum disorder: Implications for school psychologists SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING LA English DT Article DE ASD; assessment; behaviour; functional assessment ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FUTURE AB School psychologists who contribute to the assessment of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are required by various Australian state government authorities to use standardised testing of cognitive skills, adaptive behaviour and some autism-based Symptomatology to demonstrate the eligibility of those children for support funding in the school environment. However, this process does not always address the needs of parents and teachers for detailed and particular analysis of the reasons for the pervasive behavioural difficulties often shown by children with an ASD. Such difficult behaviour has been shown to contribute to high levels of stress among caregivers and often prevents the child with an ASD from successful school inclusion. Therefore, it would be advantageous for parents and teachers to have access to information obtained from an analysis of the child's behavioural difficulties as one outcome of the formal testing process that is conducted to examine the possible presence of an ASD. This paper presents, a brief example of how a basic behavioural investigation might be incorporated into the assessment of children with a suspected ASD. C1 Bond Univ, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Gold Coast, Qld 4229, Australia. RP Bitsika, V (reprint author), Bond Univ, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Gold Coast, Qld 4229, Australia. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1375/ajgc.18.1.1 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Social Work SC Education & Educational Research; Social Work GA 350WS UT WOS:000259384900002 ER PT J AU Dahlgren, S Sandberg, AD AF Dahlgren, Svenolof Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren TI Referential communication in children with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; memory; referential communication; theory of mind ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE; MEMORY; MIND; DEFICITS; SPEAKERS; RECALL; DELAY AB Referential communication was studied in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including children with autism and Asperger syndrome. The aim was to study alternative explanations for the children's communicative problems in such situations. Factors studied were theory of mind, IQ, verbal ability and memory. The main results demonstrated diminished performance in children with autism spectrum disorder, mirroring performance in everyday life, in comparison to verbal IQ and mental age matched typically developing children. Among children with autism spectrum disorders, there was a positive relationship between performance in referential communication and theory of mind. Memory capacity also proved to play a role in success in the task. C1 [Dahlgren, Svenolof] Stockholm Cty Council, Stockholm, Sweden. [Dahlgren, Svenolof; Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Dahlgren, S (reprint author), Stockholm Cty Council, Stockholm, Sweden. 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SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE animations; Asperger syndrome; autism; mentalizing; theory of mind ID HIGHER-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; ATTRIBUTION; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; CAUSALITY; INTENTION AB Are children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but normal-range intelligence, impaired on theory of mind skills measured by responses to abstract animations in the form of a computerized cartoon? Fifty-six cases and closely matched comparisons were tested. We rated verbal responses according to the length of their descriptions, their appropriateness and the children's use of 'mentalizing' terms. Children with ASD used 'mentalizing' language to describe the animations as well as comparisons, although the content of their descriptions was significantly less appropriate. 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The study is distinctive in its large size, low attrition rate and use of systematic interviews to obtain clinical information. Questionnaires completed by caregivers asked about the development of new psychiatric disorders. For the 39 individuals with a possible new disorder, a detailed psychiatric assessment was undertaken through parental interview. Of all participants, 16 percent developed a definite new psychiatric disorder. A further 6 percent developed a possible new disorder. Five individuals developed an obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or catatonia; eight an affective disorder with marked obsessional features; three complex affective disorders; four more straightforward affective disorders; one a bipolar disorder; and one an acute anxiety state complicated by alcohol excess. There was no case of schizophrenia. C1 [Hutton, Jane] Inst Psychiat, London, England. [Goode, Susan] CAMHS, Croydon, England. [Murphy, Margaret] Ida Darwin Hosp, Cambridge, England. 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The groups were matched for age (mean 13 years), sex (M: F 16: 3) and ethnicity (white British). Participants completed four quantitative measures examining self-competencies, social approval, anxiety, depression and self-worth. Findings revealed significant group differences: the adolescents with Asperger syndrome perceived themselves to be less competent in social and athletic domains, and to receive less peer approval. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the variables studied were particularly relevant in distinguishing group differences and worked together in predicting group membership. Indeed the variables in the final model accurately predicted group membership for all individuals in the sample. Exploratory hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that the two groups had different patterns of relationships between measures of self-competencies, social approval and psychological outcomes. 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H., 1997, CHILD PSYCHOL PORTFO SZATMARI P, 1989, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V34, P554 Wechsler D., 2003, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1177/1362361308091652 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 331AS UT WOS:000257985700005 PM 18579646 ER PT J AU Mouridsen, SE Hansen, HB Rich, B Isager, T AF Mouridsen, Svend Erik Hansen, Henrik Bronnum Rich, Bente Isager, Torben TI Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders - An update SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; cause of death; mortality; standardized mortality ratio ID ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; CHILD; POPULATION; REGISTER AB This study compared mortality among Danish citizens with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with that of the general population. A clinical cohort of 341 Danish individuals with variants of ASD, previously followed over the period 1960-93, now on average 43 years of age, were updated with respect to mortality and causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for various times after diagnosis. In all, 26 persons with ASD had died, whereas the expected number of deaths was 13.5. Thus the mortality risk among those with ASD was nearly twice that of the general population. The SMR was particularly high in females. The excess mortality risk has remained unchanged since our first study in 1993. Eight of the 26 deaths were associated with epilepsy and four died from epilepsy. Future staff education should focus on better managing of the complex relationships between ASD and physical illness to prevent avoidable deaths. C1 [Mouridsen, Svend Erik] Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hansen, Henrik Bronnum] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. 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RP Hudry, K (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. CR Aldred C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1420, DOI 10.1111/j1469-7610.2004.00338.x Baird G, 2001, ARCH DIS CHILD, V84, P468, DOI 10.1136/adc.84.6.468 Drew A, 2002, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V11, P266, DOI 10.1007/s00787-002-0299-6 Hobson R. Peter, 1993, AUTISM DEV MIND Kasari C, 2008, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V76, P125, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.125 MCCONACHIE H, 2005, J PEDIATR, V146, P335 Seach D., 2007, INTERACTIVE PLAY CHI Wetherby AM, 2006, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V26, P67, DOI 10.1177/02711214060260020201 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 415 EP 417 DI 10.1177/1362361308092100 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 331AS UT WOS:000257985700007 ER PT J AU Lechago, SA Carr, JE AF Lechago, Sarah A. Carr, James E. TI Recommendations for reporting independent variables in outcome studies of early and intensive behavioral intervention for autism SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; behavioral treatment; clinical trials ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MAINTENANCE TASKS; CHILDREN; INTERSPERSAL; PROJECT; SETTINGS; PROGRAMS AB Early and intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) has been established as an effective treatment for autism. However, the complexity and intensity of EIBI programs make it difficult to fully report all critical aspects of the independent variable. Consequently, scientific reports of EIBI outcomes have been criticized for providing less than comprehensive treatment descriptions. In an effort to address this problem, the present article provides a template to aid outcome researchers in (a) clearly reporting each participant's curricular targets and (b) describing critical aspects of treatment. 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L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH Sundberg M. L., 1999, AUTISM BEHAV ANAL PE, P139 Wetherby AM, 2006, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V26, P67, DOI 10.1177/02711214060260020201 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1177/0145445507309034 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 312NF UT WOS:000256677400004 PM 18525063 ER PT J AU Friedman, A Luiselli, JK AF Friedman, Abby Luiselli, James K. TI Excessive daytime sleep - Behavioral assessment and intervention in a child with autism SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE excessive daytime sleep; autism; sleep problems; behavioral intervention AB Some children with autism have excessive daytime sleep but intervention research for this problem has not been conducted. The present study evaluated procedures with a 13 year old boy who had autism and slept for prolonged periods during the day. Classroom staff at a specialized school implemented procedures with the boy according to an ABAB experimental design. Intervention eliminated daytime sleep through a 6-month follow-up assessment. The study adds to the literature concerning sleep problems in children with autism and extends intervention to excessive daytime sleep. C1 [Friedman, Abby; Luiselli, James K.] May Inst, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), May Inst, 41 Pacella Pk Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. EM jluiselli@mayinstitute.org CR Allik H, 2006, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V6, P6 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BIJOU SW, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-175 Chokroverty S, 1999, SLEEP DISORDERS MED DURAND VM, 1988, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V18, P99 Eshbaugh B., 2004, MENTAL HLTH ASPECTS, V7, P21 HARRIS JC, 1996, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V150, P120 Hoffman C. D., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P146, DOI [10.1177/10883576060210030301, DOI 10.1177/1088357] Liu XC, 2006, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V37, P179, DOI 10.1007/s10578-006-0028-3 Richdale A., 2001, SLEEP DISTURBANCE CH, P181 Roth T, 1996, CLIN THER, V18, P562, DOI 10.1016/S0149-2918(96)80207-4 SCHRECK K, 2001, BEHAV INTERVENT, V4, P265 Thorpy M., 1990, HDB SLEEP DISORDERS Williams PG, 2004, J SLEEP RES, V13, P265 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1177/0145445507312187 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 312NF UT WOS:000256677400008 PM 18258994 ER PT J AU Anan, RM Warner, LJ McGillivary, JE Chong, IM Hines, SJ AF Anan, Ruth M. Warner, Lori J. McGillivary, Jamie E. Chong, Ivy M. Hines, Stefani J. TI Group intensive family training (gift) for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; PARENTS; DISABILITIES; PROGRAM; TRIAL; SKILLS AB Early, intensive behavioral intervention is effective in treating children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but can be cost prohibitive. Expenses may be defrayed if children can benefit from parents acting as therapists. This quantitative case series examines the efficacy of the Group Intensive Family Training (GIFT) program, a 12-week (180h, delivered 3h each weekday) parent-training for preschoolers with ASDs. Parents were individually mentored in the hands-on application of behavior analytic techniques, implementing these skills in vivo within a group of six parent-child dyads. Seventy-two parents and children (ages 25-68 months) with ASDs participated in this study. Children's cognitive and adaptive functioning was assessed before and after the intervention program. Analyses revealed average gains of eight standard score points on the Mullen Early Learning Composite and five standard score points on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite after 12 weeks of treatment. Additionally, 14% and 11% of the children moved from the 'impaired' to 'non-impaired' range on Mullen and Vineland composite scores, respectively. This preliminary investigation suggests that GIFT's behavioral, group parent-training can lead to significant, yet cost- and time-efficient gains for children with ASDs. Results must be interpreted with caution because of the absence of a control group. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Anan, Ruth M.; Warner, Lori J.; McGillivary, Jamie E.; Chong, Ivy M.; Hines, Stefani J.] William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Dev Behav Pediat, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. RP Anan, RM (reprint author), William Beaumont Hosp, 1695 W 12 Mile,Suite 120, Berkley, MI 48072 USA. EM ranan@beaumont.edu CR Barbera M. L., 2007, VERBAL BEHAV APPROAC Bibby P, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P425, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00082-8 BRADLEYJOHNSON S, 1997, PSYCHOL SCH, V34, P379, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(199710)34:4<379::AID-PITS14>3.0.CO;2-E Butter EM, 2003, PEDIATR ANN, V32, P677 CARR EG, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P345, DOI 10.1007/BF01531444 Carr J. 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L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH Sweeney-Kerwin Emily J, 2007, Anal Verbal Behav, V23, P89 Symes MD, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P30, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.07.007 Taubman M, 2001, RES DEV DISABIL, V22, P205, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(01)00068-3 Tonge B, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P561, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000205701.48324.26 Volkmar F., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P5 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 165 EP 180 DI 10.1002/bin.262 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 332BC UT WOS:000258055600002 ER PT J AU Schreck, KA Mazur, A AF Schreck, Kimberly A. Mazur, Alison TI Behavior analyst use of and beliefs in treatments for people with autism SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article AB With the increase in the numbers of children diagnosed with autism and scientific support solely for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) treatment, a proliferation of professionals have sought ABA training to provide services to this population. However, not all have been reportedly providing solely ABA services. This study surveyed Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs; N = 469) concerning their beliefs, endorsement, and use of a variety of scientifically supported and unsupported treatments for people with autism. Although not all endorsed using ABA, BCBA professionals most widely reported using ABA and ABA-related treatments. Surprisingly, BCBAs endorsed and used all types of treatments, despite their beliefs that the treatments were difficult to implement, not cost effective, and not Supported by research. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Penn State Univ, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. Penn State Univ, Harrisburg, PA USA. [Mazur, Alison] Pathway Sch, Norristown, PA USA. RP Schreck, KA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. EM kas24@psu.edu CR Jacobson J. W, 2005, CONTROVERSIAL THERAP Metz B, 2005, CONTROVERSIAL THERAPIES FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITES: FAD, FASHION, AND SCIENCE IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, P237 *NEW YORK DEP HLTH, 1999, PUBL NEW YORK DEP HL, V4217 Richdale AL, 2008, PRACT RESOUR MENT, P3, DOI 10.1016/B978-012373606-2.50003-6 U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999, MENT HLTH REP SURG G NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1002/bin.264 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 332BC UT WOS:000258055600004 ER PT J AU Sze, KM Wood, JJ AF Sze, Karen M. Wood, Jeffrey J. TI Enhancing CBT for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Concurrent Anxiety SO BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Asperger syndrome; autism; cognitive-behavioural therapy ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; THERAPY AB Because anxiety and other concurrent psychological problems are common among children with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. research initiatives have been devoted to the development of efficacious treatments to address the multifaceted needs of youth with this presentation. Emerging research indicates that when carefully adapted to accommodate for the unique needs of children with autism Spectrum disorders (ASD), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) may be a viable treatment modality. Because inherent features of ASD may compromise the efficacy of traditional CBT, our preliminary work suggests that it may be important to gear intervention efforts towards directly addressing core autism symptoms to promote optimal treatment response. This article describes,in evidence-based CBT treatment manual modified and expanded to address core ASD features above and beyond anxiety symptomatology. A case example of a 10-year-old boy with Asperger syndrome is presented with supporting data to illustrate the treatment modifications and their rationale. The positive treatment response attained in this Case suggests that in enhanced variant of a standard CBT programme may be an efficacious treatment approach for children with ASD and concurrent anxiety. C1 [Wood, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Grad Sch Educ & Informat Studies, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wood, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Grad Sch Educ & Informat Studies, Moore Hall,Box 951521, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jeffwood@ucla.edu CR ACHENBACB TM, 1991, CHILD BEHAV CHECKLIS Attwood T, 2004, BEHAV CHANGE, V21, P147, DOI 10.1375/bech.21.3.147.55995 Chalfant AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1842, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0318-4 Gresham F. M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING Hare D. J., 1997, AUTISM, V1, P215, DOI [10.1177/1362361397012007, DOI 10.1177/1362361397012007] KENDALL PC, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P100, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.62.1.100 March J. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1017/S1352465808004384 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 363XF UT WOS:000260300100004 ER PT J AU Pinkston, JW Madden, GJ Fowler, SC AF Pinkston, Jonathan W. Madden, Gregory J. Fowler, Stephen C. TI Effects of white and infrared lighting on apomorphine-induced pecking in pigeons SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apomorphine; force; infrared light; peck; pigeon; stereotypy; white light ID INDUCED STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL-MODELS; SENSITIZATION; AMPHETAMINE; DOPAMINE; DYNAMICS; AUTISM; FORM AB This experiment was concerned with the role of the environment in the production and form of apomorphine-induced pecking of pigeons. Earlier literature has suggested that the pecking occurs even when pigeons are placed in complete darkness, but there are no systematic or quantitative reports of such pecking. Six pigeons were tested with doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg apomorphine. Tests were made in conditions of white and infrared light. The apparatus used novel force transduction measures that provided for both the detection of a peck as well as its peak forcefulness. At the lowest dose tested, apornorphine elicited pecking when the pigeon was placed in white light, but not when the dose was examined under infrared lighting. As the dose increased, however, pecking was observed regardless of lighting condition. No consistent differences were found in forcefulness of pecking as a function of lighting condition or dose. Though response output was seemingly unaffected by the lighting condition at higher doses, videotaped analysis revealed important changes in the formal characteristics of pecking. In white light, apomorphine elicited pecking at stimuli in the chamber (e.g. screw heads or the pigeon's own toes), whereas in infrared light pecking was directed at the floor directly in front of the pigeon. Such differences may be attributable to shifts in control to other stimulus modalities when vision is limited. Additionally, apomorphine may have direct effects on retinal dopamine function modulating the expression of pecking in the dark. Behavioural Pharmacology 19:347-352 (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Fowler, Stephen C.] Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Madden, Gregory J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Appl Behav Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Fowler, Stephen C.] Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Pinkston, JW (reprint author), Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, 1000 Sunnyside Ave,1000 Sunnyside Ave,Dole HDC,Rm, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM pinkston@ku.edu RI Madden, Gregory/E-8524-2010 CR Acerbo MJ, 2004, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V118, P1080, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.118.5.1080 BOWMAKER JK, 1977, VISION RES, V17, P1129, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(77)90147-X BOWMAKER JK, 1991, VISION VISUAL DYSFUN, V2, P63 CHENG HC, 1974, EUR J PHARMACOL, V26, P313, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(74)90242-8 Delius JD, 1985, BEHAV ANAL CONT PSYC, P53 DEVICHE P, 1984, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V33, P581, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(84)90375-5 DJAMGOZ MBA, 1992, NEUROCHEM INT, V20, P139, DOI 10.1016/0197-0186(92)90166-O Eilam D, 2005, CNS SPECTRUMS, V10, P191 Ellenbroek BA, 2002, BEHAV GENET, V32, P349, DOI 10.1023/A:1020214322065 ELLINWOOD EH, 1980, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V15, P749 Fowler SC, 2001, J NEUROSCI METH, V107, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00359-4 Garner JP, 2003, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V145, P125, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4328(03)00115-3 Geary EH, 2007, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V90, P818, DOI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.010 Godoy AM, 1999, BEHAV PHARMACOL, V10, P367 Godoy AM, 2000, MED SCI RES, V28, P39 Gontar V, 2000, DISCRETE DYN NAT SOC, V5, P19, DOI 10.1155/S1026022600000352 GOODMAN IJ, 1981, PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE, V15, P701, DOI 10.1016/0091-3057(81)90008-3 JENKINS HM, 1973, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V20, P163, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1973.20-163 KONOPACKI J, 1986, ACTA NEUROBIOL EXP, V46, P205 Lewis MH, 2007, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V176, P66, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.023 LOVAAS I, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P45, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-45 POLING A, 1990, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V53, P423, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1990.53-423 RIDLEY RM, 1994, PROG NEUROBIOL, V44, P221, DOI 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90039-6 RILLING M, 1970, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V13, P267, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-267 Staddon J. E. R., 1977, HDB OPERANT BEHAVIOR, P125 STEVENS J, 1977, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V18, P809, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(77)90188-3 Witkovsky P, 2004, DOC OPHTHALMOL, V108, P17, DOI 10.1023/B:DOOP.0000019487.88486.0a NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8810 J9 BEHAV PHARMACOL JI Behav. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 328TV UT WOS:000257821600010 PM 18622183 ER PT J AU Senju, A Kikuchi, Y Hasegawa, T Tojo, Y Osanai, H AF Senju, Atsushi Kikuchi, Yukiko Hasegawa, Toshikazu Tojo, Yoshikuni Osanai, Hiroo TI Is anyone looking at me? Direct gaze detection in children with and without autism SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; gaze; direct gaze; face processing; visual search; search asymmetry; face inversion effect ID UPSIDE-DOWN FACES; EYE-GAZE; VISUAL-SEARCH; REACTION-TIME; EARLY RECOGNITION; SOCIAL ATTENTION; HOME VIDEOTAPES; COGNITIVE-STYLE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CONTACT AB Atypical processing of eye contact is one of the significant characteristics of individuals with autism, but the mechanism underlying atypical direct gaze processing is still unclear. This study used a visual search paradigm to examine whether the facial context would affect direct gaze detection in children with autism. Participants were asked to detect target gazes presented among distracters with different gaze directions. The target gazes were either direct gaze or averted gaze, which were either presented alone (Experiment 1) or within facial context (Experiment 2). As with the typically developing children, the children with autism, were faster and more efficient to detect direct gaze than averted gaze, whether or not the eyes were presented alone or within faces. In addition, face inversion distorted efficient direct gaze detection in typically developing children, but not in children with autism. These results suggest that children with autism use featural information to detect direct gaze, whereas typically developing children use configural information to detect direct gaze. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Senju, Atsushi] Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Kikuchi, Yukiko; Hasegawa, Toshikazu] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Tojo, Yoshikuni] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki, Japan. [Osanai, Hiroo] Musashino Higashi Gakuen, Tokyo, Japan. RP Senju, A (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Henry Wellcome Bldg,Torrington Sq, London WC1E 7HX, England. 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H., 1824, PHILOS T ROY SOC LON, V114, P247, DOI DOI 10.1098/RSTL.1824.0016 YIN RK, 1969, J EXP PSYCHOL, V81, P141, DOI 10.1037/h0027474 NR 74 TC 26 Z9 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0278-2626 J9 BRAIN COGNITION JI Brain Cogn. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 67 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.12.001 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 323YN UT WOS:000257484600001 PM 18226847 ER PT J AU Dougall, A Fiske, J AF Dougall, A. Fiske, J. TI Access to special care dentistry, part 2. Communication SO BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL SURVEY; AUTISM; IMPAIRMENT; DYSARTHRIA; DISEASE; APHASIA AB This article considers what communication is, its elements, what helps and what hinders it, and why it matters. It also considers managing people with communication differences and when communication is affected in special care dentistry (SCD). The article focuses on patients with hearing and visual impairments and considers how communication is affected and what techniques can be used to improve the situation. It offers recommendations for communicating with patients with neurological impairments typically seen after stroke, such as aphasia and dysarthria, with tips for the listener including the use of communication aids where appropriate. Finally it will consider communicating with patients who have autistic spectrum conditions and discuss how effective techniques and a tailored approach to their specific needs and anxieties can increase the likelihood of a successful dental visit. C1 [Fiske, J.] Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, Dept Sedat & Special Care Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. [Dougall, A.] Dublin Dent Sch & Hosp, Div Special Care Dent 1, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Fiske, J (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, Dept Sedat & Special Care Dent, Floor 26,Guys Tower, London SE1 9RT, England. 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J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 205 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.533 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 324JR UT WOS:000257515400009 PM 18617935 ER PT J AU Japundza-Milisavljevic, M Macesic-Petrovic, D AF Japundza-Milisavljevic, Mirjana Macesic-Petrovic, Dragana TI Executive functions in children with intellectual disabilities SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; MEMORY; HANOI C1 [Japundza-Milisavljevic, Mirjana; Macesic-Petrovic, Dragana] Fac Special Educ & Rehabil, Belgrade, Serbia. RP Japundza-Milisavljevic, M (reprint author), Fac Special Educ & Rehabil, Visokog Stevana Br 2, Belgrade, Serbia. 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Thompson, Ann Wainwright, Ann TI Prevalence of autism among adolescents with intellectual disabilities SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article DE intellectual disabilities; autism; prevalence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; TEENAGERS; BEHAVIOR; CLASSIFICATION AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of autism in an epidemiologically-derived population of adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). Method: The prevalence of autism was examined using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, with appropriate care taken in assessing lower functioning individuals and those with additional physical and sensory impairments. Individual assessment during psychological evaluation, and consensus classification of complex cases, involving clinicians experienced in the assessment of autism, contributed to the identification of autism. Results: Overall, 28% of individuals, or 2.0 of the 7.1/1000 with ID in the target population (as we have previously identified in another study), were identified with autism. Autism rates did not differ significantly across severe ID (32.0%) and mild ID (24.1%); males predominated (2.3 males to 1 female), but less so for severe ID (2 males to 1 female, compared with 2.8 males to 1 female for mild ID). Socioeconomic status did not distinguish the groups with and without autism. Less than one-half of the adolescents who met diagnostic criteria for autism were previously diagnosed as such. Conclusions: Our overall prevalence estimate for autism is in the higher range of estimates reported in previous studies of ID (more so for mild ID). 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 7 BP 449 EP 459 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 335DJ UT WOS:000258270700010 PM 18674403 ER PT J AU Berthoz, S Wessa, M Kedia, G Wicker, B Grezes, J AF Berthoz, Sylvie Wessa, Michele Kedia, Gayannee Wicker, Bruno Grezes, Julie TI Cross-cultural validation of the Empathy Quotient in a French-speaking sample SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE LA English DT Article DE empathizing; sex differences; autism spectrum disorders; reliability ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; AUTISM; SELF; ADULTS; VENTURESOMENESS; IMPULSIVENESS; PERSONALITY; STABILITY; ABILITIES AB Objective: The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report that was developed to measure the cognitive and affective aspects of empathy. We further evaluated its validity in 2 studies. Method: The psychometric qualities of the French version of the EQ, and its correspondence with 2 other measures of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Scale of the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy Questionnaire), and with dimensions of the emotional state (depression and anxiety), were evaluated in a sample of 410 students (201 men and 209 women). Second, the clinical validity of the EQ was investigated in participants expected to have dysfunctional empathy. For this purpose, EQ scores of 16 people with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) were collected. Results: The EQ showed satisfying internal, convergent, test-retest and discriminant validity. The confirmatory factorial analyses suggested a 3-factor structure offered a good fit to the data. The women's superiority in empathy was replicated. As expected, the ASD EQ scores were very low. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that the EQ is reliable in this population and should be recommended to estimate empathy problems, notably in individuals with troubled interpersonal interaction patterns. C1 [Berthoz, Sylvie] Univ Paris 05, Serv Psychiat Adolescent & Jeune Adulte, Inst Mutualiste Montsouris, Dept Psychiat Adolescents & Young Adults, F-75674 Paris 14, France. [Wessa, Michele] Univ Heidelberg, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Clin & Cognit Neurosci, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. [Kedia, Gayannee] CEA, Hosp Dept Frederic Joliot, IFR49, Inserm U Neuroimaging Psychiat 797, Orsay, France. [Wicker, Bruno] Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cognit Mediterranee, Marseille, France. [Grezes, Julie] Coll France, CNRS, Lab Physiol Percept & Act, F-75231 Paris, France. [Kedia, Gayannee] Univ Toulouse, Dept Social Psychol, Toulouse, France. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 7 BP 469 EP 477 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 335DJ UT WOS:000258270700012 PM 18674405 ER PT J AU Hazell, P Williams, R AF Hazell, Philip Williams, Richard TI Editorial review: shifting views on juvenile bipolar disorder and pervasive developmental disorder SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE child; culture; diagnosis; mental disorders; prevalence ID SEVERE MOOD DYSREGULATION; CHILD-BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; TREATMENT GUIDELINES; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; AUTISM; ONSET; PREVALENCE; PHENOTYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS AB Purpose of review To examine the changes in prevalence estimates and concepts of core disorder in two child mental disorders that were once considered rare, and to place these changes in a cultural context. Recent findings Up to one-quarter of people with bipolar disorder may have experienced onset of symptoms prior to puberty, but the precision of the diagnosis in children is uncertain. An ongoing challenge is differentiating bipolar disorder from other child mental disorders. Reliable markers of persistent bipolarity have yet to be identified. Despite a popular perception, pervasive developmental disorder is unlikely to have increased in the population, but recognition rates have increased as much as ten-fold since 1980. The increase is largely accounted for by shifts in diagnostic practice and in attitudes towards the condition. Summary Changes in diagnostic practice and in clinician and public attitude account for much of the apparent variation in the prevalence of child mental disorders. C1 [Hazell, Philip] Univ Newcastle, Discipline Psychiat, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Hazell, Philip] Univ Sydney, Discipline Psychol Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Williams, Richard] Univ Glamorgan, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, M Glam, Wales. RP Hazell, P (reprint author), Thomas Walker Hosp, Hosp Rd, Concord W, NSW 2138, Australia. 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Opin. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328305b6f9 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 318ZB UT WOS:000257130200007 PM 18520735 ER PT J AU Soh, NL Walter, G AF Soh, Nerissa L. Walter, Garry TI Complementary medicine for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents SO CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; bipolar disorder; depression; omega-3 fatty acids; St John's wort ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; GINKGO-BILOBA; DOUBLE-BLIND; FOOD COLORINGS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; FATTY-ACIDS AB Purpose of review To examine recent empirical studies of herbal and dietary treatments for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Recent findings Very few quality studies into the use of omega-3 fatty acids, St John's wort, dietary manipulations, kava, gingko and lemon balm in managing psychiatric disorders have been conducted in children and adolescents. Summary A number of herbal treatments show promise, but much more empirical research is required to establish their efficacy in the paediatric population. C1 No Sydney Cent Coast Area Hlth, Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth Serv, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Sydney, Discipline Psychol Med, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Soh, NL (reprint author), Coral Tree Family Serv, POB 142, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. 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Opin. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328303672f PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 318ZB UT WOS:000257130200011 PM 18520739 ER PT J AU Moon, J Ota, KT Driscoll, LL Levitsky, DA Strupp, BJ AF Moon, J. Ota, K. T. Driscoll, L. L. Levitsky, D. A. Strupp, B. J. TI A mouse model Fragile X syndrome exhibits heightened arousal and/or emotion following errors or reversal of contingencies SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fragile X; autism; arousal; emotion; attention; learning set; reversal learning; fmr1 knockout mouse; mouse; fmr1 gene; transfer of learning; Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) ID FMR1 KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL-PHENOTYPE; YOUNG MALES; MICE; ATTENTION; GENE; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; PROFILE AB This study was designed to further assess cognitive and affective functioning in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the Fmr1(tm1Cgr) "knockout" (KO) mouse. 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Psychobiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 50 IS 5 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1002/dev.20308 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 322GM UT WOS:000257363200005 PM 18551464 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, AJO Bishop, DVM AF Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. Bishop, Dorothy V. M. TI Do children with autism 'switch off' to speech sounds? An investigation using event-related potentials SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LISTENING PREFERENCES; ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENTS; INHIBITION; STANDARD; LANGUAGE; SPECTRUM; DEFICITS; STIMULI AB Autism is a disorder characterized by a core impairment in social behaviour. A prominent component of this social deficit is poor orienting to speech. It is unclear whether this deficit involves an impairment in allocating attention to speech sounds, or a sensory impairment in processing phonetic information. In this study, event-related potentials of 15 children with high functioning autism (mean nonverbal IQ = 109.87) and 15 typically developing children (mean nonverbal IQ = 115.73) were recorded in response to sounds in two oddball conditions. Participants heard two stimulus types: vowels and complex tones. In each condition, repetitive 'standard' sounds (condition 1: vowel; condition 2: complex tone) were replaced by a within stimulus-type 'deviant' sound and a between stimulus-type 'novel' sound. Participants' level of attention was also varied between conditions. Children with autism had significantly diminished obligatory components in response to the repetitive speech sound, but not to the repetitive nonspeech sound. This difference disappeared when participants were required to allocate attention to the sound stream. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00697.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 313DK UT WOS:000256721100010 PM 18576959 ER PT J AU Marin, JCM Moura, PJ Cysneiros, RM Colugnati, DB Cavalheiro, EA Scorza, FA Xavier, GF Zilbovicius, M Mercadante, MT AF Marin, Joao Carlos M. Moura, Paula J. Cysneiros, Roberta M. Colugnati, Diego B. Cavalheiro, Esper A. Scorza, Fulvio A. Xavier, Gilberto F. Zilbovicius, Monica Mercadante, Marcos T. TI Temporal lobe epilepsy and social behavior: An animal model SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE temporal lobe epilepsy; social behavior; social inemory; social discrimination paradigm; autism animal model; pilocarpine ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PILOCARPINE MODEL; AMYGDALA; RECOGNITION; MIND; HIPPOCAMPUS; PERCEPTION; DEFICITS; RAT AB Social behavior depends on the integrity of social brain circuitry. The temporal lobe is an important part of the social brain, and manifests morphological and functional alterations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), induced with pilocarpine, were subjected to a social discrimination test that has been used to investigate potential animal models of ASD, and the results were compared with those for the control group. Rats with TLE exhibited fewer social behaviors than controls. No differences were observed in nonsocial behavior between groups. The results suggest an important role for the temporal lobe in regulating social behaviors. This animal model might be used to explore some questions about ASD pathophysiology. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marin, Joao Carlos M.; Mercadante, Marcos T.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Moura, Paula J.; Xavier, Gilberto F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cysneiros, Roberta M.; Colugnati, Diego B.; Cavalheiro, Esper A.; Scorza, Fulvio A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Neurol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Zilbovicius, Monica] CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, INSERM, URM Brain Imaging Psychiat 0205, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Mercadante, MT (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Rua Botucatu 740-3 Andar, BR-04023900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mt.mercadante@uol.com.br RI Xavier, Gilberto/B-9464-2013; Neurociencia, Inct/I-1011-2013; Scorza, Fulvio/C-7048-2013; COLUGNATI, DIEGO/G-1954-2012; Cysneiros, Roberta/H-6224-2012 OI Xavier, Gilberto/0000-0002-8567-7031; Scorza, Fulvio/0000-0002-0694-8674; Cysneiros, Roberta/0000-0002-3191-9146 CR Adolphs R, 2003, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V4, P165, DOI 10.1038/nrn1056 Babb T L, 1999, Adv Neurol, V79, P763 Baron-Cohen S, 2000, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V24, P355, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00011-7 Brennan PA, 2006, PHILOS T R SOC B, V361, P2061, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2006.1931 Canitano R, 2007, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V16, P61, DOI 10.1007/s00787-006-0563-2 CAVALHEIRO EA, 1995, ITAL J NEUROL SCI, V16, P33, DOI 10.1007/BF02229072 CENDES F, 1993, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V17, P206 Chez MG, 2006, EPILEPSY BEHAV, V8, P267, DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.11.001 Dager SR, 2007, AM J NEURORADIOL, V28, P672 ENGELMANN M, 1995, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V58, P315, DOI 10.1016/0031-9384(95)00053-L Ferguson JN, 2001, J NEUROSCI, V21, P8278 Fombonne E, 2005, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V66, P3 Kagan-Kushnir T, 2005, J CHILD NEUROL, V20, P197 Klitgaard H, 2002, EPILEPSY RES, V51, P93, DOI 10.1016/S0920-1211(02)00099-2 Levitt P, 2004, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V27, P400, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2004.05.008 MELLO LEAM, 1993, EPILEPSIA, V34, P985, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02123.x Mercadante MT, 2008, MED HYPOTHESES, V70, P352, DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.018 Mercadante MT, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIATR, V28, pS12, DOI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500003 Quinn LP, 2005, BRAIN RES, V1031, P118, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.036 Saxe R, 2003, NEUROIMAGE, V19, P1835, DOI 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00230-1 Schultz RT, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012 Siegal M, 2002, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V3, P463, DOI 10.1038/nrn844 Trottier G, 1999, J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI, V24, P103 Vollm BA, 2006, NEUROIMAGE, V29, P90, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.022 Zilbovicius M, 2006, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V29, P359, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.004 Zilbovicius M, 2006, REV BRAS PSIQUIATR, V28, pS21, DOI 10.1590/S1516-44462006000500004 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.03.004 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 317HA UT WOS:000257009400009 PM 18439879 ER PT J AU Slifer, KJ Avis, KT Frutchey, RA AF Slifer, Keith J. Avis, Kristin T. Frutchey, Robin A. TI Behavioral intervention to increase compliance with electroencephalographic procedures in children with developmental disabilities SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE electroencephalogram; seizure; pediatric; developmental disability; sleep; behavioral intervention; compliance; anxiety; tactile defensiveness ID CHLORAL HYDRATE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEDATION; EFFICACY; AUTISM AB The EEG, or electroencephalogram, is a neurophysiological technique used to detect and record electrical activity in the brain. It is critical to the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders, such as epilepsy, as well as other neurological conditions. The EEG procedure is often not well tolerated by children with developmental disabilities because of anxiety about unfamiliar equipment, difficulty inhibiting motion, and tactile defensiveness. The inability of children with developmental disabilities to tolerate an EEG procedure is especially problematic because the incidence of epilepsy is considerably higher in children with disabilities. This clinical outcome study sought to determine the efficacy of using behavioral intervention to teach children with developmental disorders to cooperate with an EEG procedure. The behavioral training employed modeling, counterconditioning, escape extinction, and differential reinforcement-based shaping procedures. Results indicated that behavioral training is successful in promoting EEG compliance without restraint, anesthesia, or sedation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Slifer, Keith J.; Frutchey, Robin A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.01.013 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 317HA UT WOS:000257009400033 PM 18348911 ER PT J AU Zhu, JL Vestergaard, M Madsen, KM Olsen, J AF Zhu, Jin Liang Vestergaard, Mogens Madsen, Kreesten M. Olsen, Jorn TI Paternal age and mortality in children SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; mortality; paternal age ID POPULATION-BASED COHORT; PARENTAL AGE; RISK-FACTORS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; CHILDHOOD CANCERS; PRETERM BIRTH; DEATH; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ASSOCIATION AB Background Since paternal age correlates with some diseases that have a high case-fatality, a paternal age effect on offspring's survival is expected but unsettled. We examined the association between paternal age and mortality in children in a large population-based cohort taking maternal age and socioeconomic factors into account. Methods From the Danish Fertility Database (1980-1996), we identified 102,879 couples and their firstborn singleton children. Information on childhood death (N = 831) was obtained by linking the cohort to the nationwide register on cause of death (1980-1998). Results We observed a U-shaped association between paternal age and the overall mortality rate in children up to 18 years of age. Adjustment for maternal age and other confounders reduced the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for children of younger fathers but not for children of older fathers. Compared with children of fathers aged between 25 and 29 years, the adjusted MRR was 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.45) for children of fathers aged between 45 and 49 years and 1.59 (1.03-2.46) for children of fathers aged 50 years or more. The cause-specific MRRs were highest for congenital malformations [2.35 (1.42-3.88)] and injury or poisoning [3.43 (1.49-7.92)] for children of fathers aged 45 years or more. Conclusion Our data revealed a higher mortality in offspring of fathers aged 45 years or more that lasted into adulthood. This adds to the cumulating evidence on adverse effects of advanced paternal age in procreation. C1 [Zhu, Jin Liang; Vestergaard, Mogens; Madsen, Kreesten M.] Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Vestergaard, Mogens] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Gen Practice, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Olsen, Jorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zhu, JL (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 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Quadrelli, Roberto TI A 21 years follow-up of a girl patient with a pseudodicentric bisatellited chromosome 22 associated with partial trisomy 22pter -> 22q12.1: Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular observations SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chromosome 22; pseudodicentric; partial trisomy 22 ID CAT-EYE SYNDROME; DELETION SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM; 22Q13 DELETION; DUPLICATION; SEGMENT; DISORDERS; INVERSION; SHANK3; CHILD AB We present clinical and developmental data on a patient with a de novo recombinant pseudodicentric bisatellited chromosome 22 associated with a partial trisomy 22pter-22q12.1. The patient was evaluated at birth and followed-up until 21 years of age. Clinical findings include facial and digital dysmorphism, hydrocephalus and postnatal-onset growth deficiency. The patient showed bilateral microphthalmia with severe palpebral ptosis and coloboma of the iris and left optic nerve. She also has skeletal and neurological abnormalities, cholesteatoma and seizures. She had absence of speech, poor mobility, poor vision and required help with all daily living skills. Conventional chromosome GTG banded analysis showed that the proband had an abnormal karyotype:46,XX,add(22)(q13). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses and microsatellite markers for DNA polymorphism study ascertained the karyotype as 46,XX,add(22)(q13.3).ish psu dic(22;22)(q13.3;q12.1)(D14Z1/D22Z1++, N25++, ARSA+, PCP22q+). The recombinant chromosome was stable and present in all cells examined. The paternal origin of the psu dic(22;22) chromosome was determined by using five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located to the region of chromosome 22q11.2-22q13.33. A 22q13.3 monosomy was ruled out with 22q13.3 cosmid probes covering the terminal 22q-140 Kb. The proband carried a recombinant pseudodicentric bisatellited chromosome psu dic(22;22)(q13.3;q12.1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such rearrangement resulting in partial trisomy 22pter-22q12.1. (C) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Vaglio, Alicia; Quadrelli, Andrea; Mechoso, Burix; Quadrelli, Roberto] Hosp Italiano, Inst Med Genet, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Milunsky, Aubrey; Huang, Xin-Li; Maher, Thomas A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genet, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Vaglio, A (reprint author), Hosp Italiano, Inst Med Genet, Bulevar Artigas 1632, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. 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J. Med. Genet. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 332 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.01.001 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 339CR UT WOS:000258556200007 PM 18316257 ER PT J AU Vlamings, PHJM Jonkman, LM Hoeksma, MR van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Vlamings, Petra H. J. M. Jonkman, Lisa M. Hoeksma, Marco R. van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI Reduced error monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder: an ERP study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACC; ERN; ERP; Pe; self-monitoring ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; MEDIAL-FRONTAL-CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; NEURAL BASIS; NEGATIVITY; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION; COMPONENTS AB This study investigated self-monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with event-related potentials looking at both the error-related negativity (ERN) and error-related positivity (Pe). The ERN is related to early error/conflict detection, and the Pe has been associated with conscious error evaluation or attention allocation. In addition, post-error slowing in reaction times (RTs) was measured. Children with ASD and age- and IQ- matched controls were administered an easy and a hard version of an auditory decision task. Results showed that the ERN was smaller in children with ASD but localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in both groups. In addition we found a negativity on correct trials (CRN) that did not differ between the groups. Furthermore, a reduced Pe and a lack of post-error slowing in RTs were found in children with ASD. The reduced ERN in children with ASD, in the presence of an intact CRN, might suggest a specific insensitivity to detect situations in which the chance of making errors is enhanced. This might in turn lead to reduced error awareness/attention allocation to the erroneous event (reduced Pe) and eventually in a failure in change of strategy to deal with a situation, as becomes evident from the lack of post-error slowing in the ASD group. This relates well to the perseverative behaviour that is seen in children with ASD. We discuss these results in terms of a general deficit in self-monitoring, underlying social disturbance in ASD and the involvement of the ACC. C1 [Vlamings, Petra H. J. M.; Jonkman, Lisa M.; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Maastricht, Fac Psychol, Dept Neurocognit, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Hoeksma, Marco R.; van Engeland, Herman; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Vlamings, PHJM (reprint author), Univ Maastricht, Fac Psychol, Dept Neurocognit, Maastricht, Netherlands. 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TI Abnormal spatiotemporal processing of emotional facial expressions in childhood autism: dipole source analysis of event-related potentials SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BESA; brain; electroencephalography; emotion; faces ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; TEMPORAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MRI; TACTILE INPUT; BRAIN AB Previous studies of face processing in autism suggest abnormalities in anatomical development, functioning and connectivity/coordination of distributed brain systems involved in social cognition, but the spatial sequence and time course of rapid (sub-second) neural responses to emotional facial expressions have not been examined in detail. Source analysis of high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) is an optimal means to examine both the precise temporal profile and spatial location of early electrical brain activity in response to emotionally salient stimuli. Therefore, we recorded 128-channel ERPs from high-functioning males with autism (aged 6-10 years), and age-, sex- and IQ-matched typically developing controls during explicit and implicit processing of emotion from pictures showing happy, angry, fearful, sad and neutral facial expressions. Children with autism showed normal patterns of behavioural and ERP (P1, N170 and P2) responses. However, dipole source analysis revealed that ERP responses relating to face detection (visual cortex) and configural processing of faces (fusiform gyrus), as well as mental state decoding (medial prefrontal lobe), were significantly weaker and/or slower in autism compared with controls during both explicit and implicit emotion-processing tasks. Slower- and larger-amplitude ERP source activity in the parietal somatosensory cortices possibly reflected more effortful compensatory analytical strategies used by the autism group to process facial gender and emotion. Such aberrant neurophysiological processing of facial emotion observed in children with autism within the first 300 ms of stimulus presentation suggests abnormal cortical specialization within social brain networks, which would likely disrupt the development of normal social-cognitive skills. C1 [Wong, Teresa K. W.; Fung, Peter C. W.; Chua, Siew E.; McAlonan, Grainne M.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychiat, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Fung, Peter C. W.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chua, Siew E.; McAlonan, Grainne M.] Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Brain & Cognit Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wong, TKW (reprint author), 10-64 Lab Block,21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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TI The effect of respiration variations on independent component analysis results of resting state functional connectivity SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE default-mode network; respiration; independent component analysis; functional connectivity; rest ID DEFAULT-MODE; HUMAN BRAIN; FMRI DATA; ACTIVITY FLUCTUATIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; BOLD SIGNAL; MRI; AUTISM; HYPOTHESIS AB The analysis of functional connectivity in fMRI can be severely affected by cardiac and respiratory fluctuations. While some of these artifactual signal changes can be reduced by physiological noise correction routines, signal fluctuations induced by slower breath-to-breath changes in the depth and rate of breathing are typically not removed. These slower respiration-induced signal changes occur at low frequencies and spatial locations similar to the fluctuations used to infer functional connectivity, and have been shown to significantly affect seed-ROI or seed-voxel based functional connectivity analysis, particularly in the default mode network. In this study, we investigate the effect of respiration variations on functional connectivity maps derived from independent component analysis (ICA) of resting-state data. Regions of the default mode network were identified by deactivations during a lexical decision task. Variations in respiration were measured independently and correlated with the MRI time series data. ICA appears to separate the default mode network and the respiration-related changes in most cases. In some cases, however, the component automatically identified as the default mode network was the same as the component identified as respiration-related. Furthermore, in most cases the time series associated with the default mode network component was still significantly correlated with changes in respiration volume per time, suggesting that current methods of ICA may not completely separate respiration from the default mode network. An independent measure of the respiration provides valuable information to help distinguish the default mode network from respiration-related signal changes, and to assess the degree of residual respiration related effects. C1 [Birn, Rasmus M.; Murphy, Kevin; Bandettini, Peter A.] NIMH, Sect Funct Imaging Methods, Lab Brain & Cognit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Birn, RM (reprint author), NIMH, Sect Funct Imaging Methods, Lab Brain & Cognit, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 1D80, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 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Brain Mapp. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 740 EP 750 DI 10.1002/hbm.20577 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 312MB UT WOS:000256674400002 PM 18438886 ER PT J AU Calhoun, VD Kiehl, KA Pearlson, GD AF Calhoun, Vince D. Kiehl, Kent A. Pearlson, Godfrey D. TI Modulation of temporally coherent brain networks estimated using ICA at rest and during cognitive tasks SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE fMRI; auditory oddball; independent component analysis; P3; schizophrenia ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AUDITORY ODDBALL TASK; LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS; FUNCTIONAL MRI DATA; DEFAULT-MODE; BLIND SEPARATION; FMRI ANALYSIS; BOLD SIGNAL; CONNECTIVITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Brain regions which exhibit temporally coherent fluctuations, have been increasingly studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Such networks are often identified in the context of an fMRI scan collected during rest (and thus are called "resting state networks"); however, they are also present during (and modulated by) the performance of a cognitive task. In this article, we will refer to such networks as temporally coherent networks (TCNs). Although there is still some debate over the physiological source of these fluctuations, TCNs are being studied in a variety of ways. Recent studies have examined ways TCNs can be used to identify patterns associated with various brain disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, autism or Alzheimer's disease). Independent component analysis (ICA) is one method being used to identify TCNs. ICA is a data driven approach which is especially useful for decomposing activation during complex cognitive tasks where multiple operations occur simultaneously. In this article we review recent TCN studies with emphasis on those that use ICA. We also present new results showing that TCNs are robust, and can be consistently identified at rest and during performance of a cognitive task in healthy individuals and in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, multiple TCNs show temporal and spatial modulation during the cognitive task versus rest. In summary, TCNs show considerable promise as potential imaging biological markers of brain diseases, though each network needs to be studied in more detail. C1 [Calhoun, Vince D.; Kiehl, Kent A.] MIND Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Calhoun, Vince D.; Kiehl, Kent A.; Pearlson, Godfrey D.] Inst Living, Olin Neuropsychiat Res Ctr, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. [Calhoun, Vince D.; Kiehl, Kent A.; Pearlson, Godfrey D.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Calhoun, Vince D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept ECE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kiehl, Kent A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Calhoun, VD (reprint author), MIND Inst, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. 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Alterations of epigenetic pathways are known to be associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism. Our previous studies showed that the loss of Mbd1 led to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired learning in mice. However, whether MBD1 regulates the autism-related cognitive functions remains unknown. Here we show that Mbd1 mutant (Mbd1(-/-)) mice exhibit several core deficits frequently associated with autism, including reduced social interaction, learning deficits, anxiety, defective sensory motor gating, depression and abnormal brain serotonin activity. Furthermore, we find that Mbd1 can directly regulate the expression of Htr2c, one of the serotonin receptors, by binding to its promoter, and the loss of Mbd1 led to elevated expression of Htr2c. Our results, therefore, demonstrate the importance of epigenetic regulation in mammalian brain development and cognitive functions. 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PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2047 EP 2057 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddn102 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 316VQ UT WOS:000256978200017 PM 18385101 ER PT J AU Borck, G Molla-Herman, A Boddaert, N Encha-Razavi, F Philippe, A Robel, L Desguerre, I Brunelle, F Benmerah, A Munnich, A Colleaux, L AF Borck, Guntram Molla-Herman, Anahi Boddaert, Nathalie Encha-Razavi, Ferechte Philippe, Anne Robel, Laurence Desguerre, Isabelle Brunelle, Francis Benmerah, Alexandre Munnich, Arnold Colleaux, Laurence TI Clinical, cellular, and neuropathologlical consequences of AP1S2 mutations: Further delineation of a recognizable X-linked mental retardation syndrome SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE mental retardation; clathrin; adaptor protein complex 1; AP-1; cerebral calcifications; elevated CSF protein levels; AP1S2 ID ADAPTER PROTEIN-1 COMPLEX; CLATHRIN ADAPTER; COATED VESICLES; GAMMA-ADAPTIN; BASAL GANGLIA; AP-1 BINDING; HIV-1 NEF; MEMBRANE; IDENTIFICATION; HEMICOMPLEXES AB Mutations in the AP1S2 gene, encoding the sigma 1B subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex (AP)-1, have been recently identified in five X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) families, including the original family with Fried syndrome. Studying four patients in two unrelated families in which AP1S2 nonsense and splice-site mutations segregated, we found that affected individuals presented, in addition to previously described features, with elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, computed tomography scans demonstrated that the basal ganglia calcifications associated with AP1S2 mutations appeared during childhood and might be progressive. Based on these observations, we propose that AP1S2 mutations are responsible for a clinically recognizable XLMR and autism syndrome associating hypotonia, delayed walking, speech delay, aggressive behavior, brain calcifications, and elevated CSF protein levels. Using the AP-2 complex, in which the sigma subunit is encoded by one single gene, as a model system, we demonstrated that a subunits are essential for the stability of human AP complexes. By contrast, no major alteration of the stability, subcellular localization, and function of the AP-1 complex was observed in fibroblasts derived from a patient carrying an AP1S2 mutation. Similarly, neither macro- nor microscopic defects were observed in the brain of an affected fetus. Altogether, these data suggest that the absence of an AP-1 defect in peripheral tissues is due to functional redundancy among AP-1 sigma subunits (sigma 1A, sigma 1B, and sigma 1C) and that the phenotype observed in our patients results from a subtle and brain-specific defect of the AP-1-dependent intracellular protein traffic. C1 [Borck, Guntram; Philippe, Anne; Munnich, Arnold; Colleaux, Laurence] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM U781,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Borck, Guntram; Philippe, Anne; Munnich, Arnold; Colleaux, Laurence] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Med Genet,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Boddaert, Nathalie; Brunelle, Francis] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM U797,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Boddaert, Nathalie; Brunelle, Francis] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Pediat Radiol,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Encha-Razavi, Ferechte] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Genet,Embryo Fetal Pathol Unit,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Robel, Laurence] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Child Psychiat,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Desguerre, Isabelle] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Neuropediat,AP HP, F-75015 Paris, France. [Benmerah, Alexandre] INSERM, U567, Paris, France. [Benmerah, Alexandre] Univ Paris 05, CNRS UMR 8104, Inst Cochin, Paris, France. RP Colleaux, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, INSERM U781,AP HP, Tour Lavoisier,149 Rue Sevres, F-75015 Paris, France. EM colleaux@necker.fr RI Borck, Guntram/F-1868-2015 CR ALLEN RC, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V51, P1229 Ballabh P, 2004, NEUROBIOL DIS, V16, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.016 Battaglia A, 2003, AM J MED GENET C, V117C, P25, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.10017 Blondeau F, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P3833, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0308186101 Boehm M, 2002, GENE, V286, P175, DOI 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00422-5 Burtey A, 2007, TRAFFIC, V8, P61, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00512.x Carpenter NJ, 1999, AM J MED GENET, V85, P266, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990730)85:3<266::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-P Chaudhuri R, 2007, J VIROL, V81, P3877, DOI 10.1128/JVI.02725-06 Doray B, 2007, MOL BIOL CELL, V18, P1887, DOI 10.1091/mbc.E07-01-0012 Dwyer ND, 2001, NEURON, V31, P277, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00361-0 Eskelinen EL, 2002, EMBO REP, V3, P471, DOI 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf092 FRIED K, 1972, CLIN GENET, V3, P258 Geschwind DH, 1999, AM J HUM GENET, V65, P764, DOI 10.1086/302558 Goutieres F, 2005, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V27, P201, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2003.12.011 Hirst J, 2003, MOL BIOL CELL, V14, P625, DOI 10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0552 Horikawa HPM, 2002, MOL CELL NEUROSCI, V21, P454, DOI 10.1006/mcne.21002.1191 Janvier K, 2003, J CELL BIOL, V163, P1281, DOI 10.1083/jc6.200307157 Janvier K, 2005, MOL BIOL CELL, V16, P4231, DOI 10.1091/mbc.E05-03-0213 MESSNER DJ, 1993, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V306, P391, DOI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1528 Meyer C, 2000, EMBO J, V19, P2193, DOI 10.1093/emboj/19.10.2193 Mochida GH, 2001, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V14, P151, DOI 10.1097/00019052-200104000-00003 Montagnac G, 2005, TRAFFIC, V6, P230, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00262.x Motley A, 2003, J CELL BIOL, V162, P909, DOI 10.1083/jcb.200305145 Nakatsu F, 2003, CELL STRUCT FUNCT, V28, P419, DOI 10.1247/csf.28.419 PAGE LJ, 1995, J CELL BIOL, V131, P619, DOI 10.1083/jcb.131.3.619 Raymond FL, 2006, HUM MOL GENET, V15, pR110, DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddl189 Robinson MS, 2004, TRENDS CELL BIOL, V14, P167, DOI 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.02.002 Ropers HH, 2006, CURR OPIN GENET DEV, V16, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.017 Saillour Y, 2007, J MED GENET, V44, P739, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2007.051334 Sato Yutaka, 2003, Semin Pediatr Neurol, V10, P96, DOI 10.1016/S1071-9091(02)00015-3 Shim J, 2000, MOL BIOL CELL, V11, P2743 Strain L, 1997, J MED GENET, V34, P535, DOI 10.1136/jmg.34.7.535 Takatsu H, 1998, J BIOL CHEM, V273, P24693, DOI 10.1074/jbc.273.38.24693 Tarpey PS, 2006, AM J HUM GENET, V79, P1119, DOI 10.1086/510137 TRAUB LM, 1995, J BIOL CHEM, V270, P4933 Turner G, 2003, AM J MED GENET A, V117A, P245, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.10005 Zhu YX, 1998, MOL BIOL CELL, V9, P1323 Zizioli D, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P5385, DOI 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5385 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 966 EP 974 DI 10.1002/humu.20531 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 323WR UT WOS:000257479600009 PM 18428203 ER PT J AU Ghosh, M Shah, AH Dhir, K Merchant, KF AF Ghosh, Madhumita Shah, Amita H. Dhir, Kiran Merchant, Kaneez Fatima TI Behavior in children with Down syndrome SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Down syndrome (DS); Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); socialization skills; communication skills; repetitive stereotyped behaviors ID AUTISM AB Objective. To highlight the differences in behaviors in children with diagnosis of down syndrome. Method. Eight children with Down syndrome who displayed autistic features were compared with eight Down syndrome children without autistic features. These children were randomly selected and were matched for age and level of retardation. Standardized Psychological tests were administered to tap the behavioral differences. Mann-Whitney U test was used for significance of difference between both the groups. Results. Down syndrome children without Autism Spectrum Disorder had better communication and socialization skills than children with Down syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Down syndrome children with Autism Spectrum Disorder displayed more restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviors, interests and activities. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that Autism Spectrum Disorder manifests as a distinct behavioral phenomenon in Down syndrome. Hence it is important for professionals to consider the possibility of a dual diagnosis which will entitle the child to a more specialized and effective educational and intervention services. C1 [Ghosh, Madhumita] Res Soc Care Treatment & Training Children Specia, Dept Psychol, Smt Motibai Thackersey Inst Res Field Mental Reta, Bombay 400033, Maharashtra, India. RP Ghosh, M (reprint author), Res Soc Care Treatment & Training Children Specia, Dept Psychol, Smt Motibai Thackersey Inst Res Field Mental Reta, Sewri Rd, Bombay 400033, Maharashtra, India. CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1995, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P66 CAPONE GT, 2001, DOWNS SYNDROME ASS N Capone GT, 2005, AM J MED GENET A, V134A, P373, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30622 CARTER JC, 2006, AM J MED GENET B, V9999, P1 HOWARD J, 2006, KENTUCKY JUNIOR ACAD HOWLIN P, 1995, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V37, P406 Kent L, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P153, DOI 10.1017/S001216229900033X MADHAVAN T, 1989, MENTAL RETARDATION M MALIN AJ, 1971, INDIAN ADAPTATION VI PARY RJ, 1997, HABILITATIVE MENTAL, V16 PATTERSON B, 2005, DUAL DIAGNOSES IMPOR PESHAWARIA R, 1992, BEHAV ASSESSMENT SCA Reddy Kavita S, 2005, BMC Med Genet, V6, P3, DOI 10.1186/1471-2350-6-3 Schopler E, 2008, CHILDHOOD AUTISM RAT Starr EM, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P665, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0010-0 VATTER G, 1998, DIAGNOSIS AUTISM CHI NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ALL INDIA INST MEDICAL SCIENCES PI NEW DELHI PA ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110 029, INDIA SN 0019-5456 J9 INDIAN J PEDIATR JI Indian J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 75 IS 7 BP 685 EP 689 DI 10.1007/s12098-008-0129-z PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 340PU UT WOS:000258658300003 PM 18716736 ER PT J AU Tyminski, RF Moore, PJ AF Tyminski, Robert F. Moore, Philip J. TI The impact of group psychotherapy on social development in children with pervasive developmental disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; PREVALENCE; SKILLS AB Thirty-nine children with a diagnosed pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) participated in homogeneous psychotherapy groups. Their social development was assessed at home and at school both before and after treatment. Significant improvements in social functioning were observed in both settings, and these gains were not attributable to demographic variables or cognitive development. This research provides psychometric validation for the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS; Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984) and the Tyminski Social Skills Checklist (SSC), a new index designed to assess children's social functioning in educational settings. The results suggest that group therapy may be an important modality for better understanding and developing crucial social skills among the growing number of children diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder. C1 [Tyminski, Robert F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Moore, Philip J.] George Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Tyminski, RF (reprint author), 3529 Sacramento St, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. 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J. Group Psychother. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 363 EP 379 DI 10.1521/ijgp.2008.58.3.363 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 317RN UT WOS:000257037400005 PM 18573027 ER PT J AU Vojdani, A AF Vojdani, A. TI ANTIBODIES AS PREDICTORS OF COMPLEX AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND CANCER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE predictive antibodies; neuroimmune disorders; autoimmune diseases; cancer; environmental triggers; polyreactive antibodies; ELISAIntroduction ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; PROSTATE-CANCER; B-CELLS; AUTOANTIBODIES; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS; EPITOPES; PROTEIN AB The pathologic role of autoantibodies in many autoimmune diseases is widely accepted. An enzyme immunoassay was used for measurement of antibodies against disease-specific antigens and etiologic agents for cross-reactive antigens associated with them. This antibody assay was applied to a panel of antigens for the detection of different neuroautoimmune diseases that included multiple sclerosis, motor peripheral neuropathies, multifocal motor neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection. We studied women with pregnancies complicated by neural tube defect, neuroborreliosis, autism and patients with possible somatic hypermutation. Antibodies were also measured against antigens and etiologic agents associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. And, finally, antibodies were measured against several tumor antigens or peptides which are expressed in prostatic, breast and colon tissues. This panel of different autoantibodies was applied to 290 patients with neuroautoimmune disorders, cancer, and possible somatic hypermutation. The levels of these antibodies against different tissue-specific antigens and etiologic agents associated with them were significantly elevated in patients versus controls. We hope that this novel 96 antigen-specific ELISA will be used in additional studies that will prove its clinical efficacy, not only for the early diagnosis of many neuroautoimmune, liver and lung autoimmune disorders, but also for prognosis and the implementation of preventive steps for many complex diseases. C1 [Vojdani, A.] Immunisci Lab Inc, Beverly Hills, CA USA. RP Vojdani, A (reprint author), 8693 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 200, Beverly Hills, CA 90211 USA. EM immunsci@ix.netcom.com CR AHMED S, 2007, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V186, P101 ALLEN SD, 2002, J IMMUNOL, V179, P472 Berger T, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V349, P139, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa022328 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1995, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V44, P590 CHALLONER PB, 1995, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V92, P7440, DOI 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7440 ENGSTROM SM, 1995, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V33, P419 Hsu HC, 2007, J IMMUNOL, V178, P5357 Kebir H, 2007, NAT MED, V13, P1173, DOI 10.1038/nm1651 Keogh E, 2001, J IMMUNOL, V167, P787 Kim JV, 2006, J IMMUNOL, V177, P5269 Kirvan CA, 2007, J IMMUNOL, V178, P7412 Kotlan B, 2005, J IMMUNOL, V175, P2278 KUBLE J, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V356, P371 Lee SH, 2007, NAT MED, V13, P567, DOI 10.1038/nm1583 Leung PSC, 2007, J IMMUNOL, V179, P2651 Mell LK, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116, P56, DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-2058 Missmer SA, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, P237, DOI 10.1289/ehp.8221 Nilsson BO, 2001, UPSALA J MED SCI, V106, P43 Notkins AL, 2007, SCI AM, V296, P72 PATERSON G, 1995, J IMMUNOL, V155, P3049 PEGGY C, 2007, INFECT IMMUN, V75, P1245 Penna G, 2007, J IMMUNOL, V179, P1559 Peterson LK, 2007, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V183, P69, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.024 Phares TW, 2007, J IMMUNOL, V178, P7334 Raine CS, 1999, ANN NEUROL, V46, P144, DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(199908)46:2<144::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-K Rakhit R, 2007, NAT MED, V13, P754, DOI 10.1038/nm1559 Rogers SW, 1996, MOL MED TODAY, V2, P76, DOI 10.1016/1357-4310(96)88742-9 Rothenberg SP, 2004, NEW ENGL J MED, V350, P134, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa031145 SEQUIN P, 1987, J OCCUP MED, V29, P340 Siegel S, 2006, J IMMUNOL, V176, P6935 Soares MM, 2001, J IMMUNOL, V166, P6555 Soussi T, 2000, CANCER RES, V60, P1777 Steinman L, 1996, CELL, V85, P299, DOI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81107-1 STONE LA, 1995, NEUROLOGY, V45, P1122 Tsunoda I, 2007, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V188, P22, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.05.012 Vojdani A, 2003, INT J IMMUNOPATH PH, V16, P189 Vojdani A, 2003, J INTERN MED, V254, P363, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01203.x VOJDANI A, NOVEL DIAGNOSIS LYME, DOI DOI 10.1093/ECAM/NEM138 Wang XJ, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V353, P1224, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa051931 Wilson NJ, 2007, NAT IMMUNOL, V8, P950, DOI 10.1038/ni1497 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 PU BIOLIFE SAS PI SILVA MARINA (TE) PA VIA S STEFANO 39 BIS, 64029 SILVA MARINA (TE), ITALY SN 0394-6320 J9 INT J IMMUNOPATH PH JI Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 553 EP 566 PG 14 WC Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 359KR UT WOS:000259986100008 PM 18831922 ER PT J AU Kakooza-Mwesige, A Wachtel, L Dhossche, D AF Kakooza-Mwesige, A. Wachtel, L. Dhossche, D. TI Catatonia in autism: Implications across the life span SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress (CINP) CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Dhossche, D.] Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 SU 1 BP 90 EP 91 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 343LO UT WOS:000258855500381 ER PT J AU Fatemi, SH Reutiman, T Folsom, T Thuras, P AF Fatemi, S. H. Reutiman, T. Folsom, T. Thuras, P. TI Global reductions in levels of GABAA and GARAB receptors in brains of subjects with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress (CINP) CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Fatemi, S. H.; Reutiman, T.; Folsom, T.; Thuras, P.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 SU 1 BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 343LO UT WOS:000258855501250 ER PT J AU Dhossche, D Kakooza, A Wachtel, L AF Dhossche, D. Kakooza, A. Wachtel, L. TI Catatonia in autism: Implications across the life span SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress (CINP) CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Dhossche, D.] Univ Mississippi, Jackson, MS USA. [Kakooza, A.] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Wachtel, L.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 SU 1 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 343LO UT WOS:000258855501491 ER PT J AU Martenkoysky, I Bikshaeva, Y Martsenkovska, I Butenko, L AF Martenkoysky, I. Bikshaeva, Y. Martsenkovska, I. Butenko, L. TI Divalproex sodium and risperidone for the treatment of preschool children with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress (CINP) CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Martenkoysky, I.; Bikshaeva, Y.; Martsenkovska, I.; Butenko, L.] URI SF PDA, Kiev, Ukraine. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 11 SU 1 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 343LO UT WOS:000258855501492 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, N Ang, RP Goh, DH AF Wilkinson, Nathan Ang, Rebecca P. Goh, Dion H. TI Online video game therapy for mental health concerns: A review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE online video games; therapy; mental health; review ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; VIRTUAL-REALITY; COMPUTER GAMES; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; EXPOSURE THERAPY; IN-VIVO; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; ENVIRONMENTS AB Background: There has been research on the use of offline video games for therapeutic purposes but online video game therapy is still fairly under-researched. Online therapeutic interventions have only recently included a gaming component. Hence, this review represents a timely first step toward taking advantage of these recent technological and cultural innovations, particularly for the treatment of special-needs groups such as the young, the elderly and people with various conditions such as ADHD, anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. Material: A review integrating research findings on two technological advances was conducted: the home computer boom of the 1980s, which triggered a flood of research on therapeutic video games for the treatment of various mental health conditions; and the rise of the internet in the 1990s, which caused computers to be seen as conduits for therapeutic interaction rather than replacements for the therapist. Discussion: We discuss how video games and the internet can now be combined in therapeutic interventions, as attested by a consideration of pioneering studies. Conclusion: Future research into online video game therapy for mental health concerns might focus on two broad types of game: simple society games, which are accessible and enjoyable to players of all ages, and online worlds, which offer a unique opportunity for narrative content and immersive remote interaction with therapists and fellow patients. Both genres might be used for assessment and training purposes, and provide an unlimited platform for social interaction. The mental health community can benefit from more collaborative efforts between therapists and engineers, making such innovations a reality. C1 [Ang, Rebecca P.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Div Psychol, Singapore, Singapore. [Goh, Dion H.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Wee Kim Kee Sch Commun & Informat, Div Informat Studies, Singapore, Singapore. RP Ang, RP (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Div Psychol, Singapore, Singapore. 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TI Level of functioning in autism spectrum disorders: Phenotypic congruence among affected siblings SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE AGRE; broad spectrum; twins; IQ; adaptive behavior ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SYMPTOM DOMAINS; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; MULTIPLEX; FAMILIES; GENETICS; TWIN AB Little evidence supports that siblings with autism exhibit the same behaviors; however, some findings suggest that level of functioning shows familial aggregation. We tested this notion among multiplex families participating with the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium, using scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition (N = 204 families), the Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices (N = 226 families), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (N = 348 families). Intraclass Correlation Coefficients revealed that siblings with autism/autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were more similar on measures of verbal and nonverbal IQ and adaptive functioning than were unrelated children with autism/ASD. Preliminary twin correlations indicated strong genetic effects for some skill domains and the influence of shared environmental factors for others. C1 [Goin-Kochel, Robin P.] Baylor Univ, Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mazefsky, Carla A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Mazefsky, Carla A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Riley, Brien P.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA USA. RP Goin-Kochel, RP (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Texas Childrens Hosp, 6621 Fannin St,CC1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kochel@bcm.tmc.edu CR *AUT GEN RES EXCH, 2006, AGRE AFF STAT CAT BAILEY A, 1995, PSYCHOL MED, V25, P63 Bibby Peter, 2002, Research in Developmental Disabilities, V23, P81, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00095-1 Boyle MH, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P141, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006606 Carter AS, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P287, DOI 10.1023/A:1026056518470 Cuccaro ML, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P87, DOI 10.1023/A:1022286622534 Dunn L. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0476-z PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700003 PM 17968643 ER PT J AU Knickmeyer, RC Wheelwright, S Baron-Cohen, SB AF Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. Wheelwright, Sally Baron-Cohen, Simon B. TI Sex-typical play: Masculinization/Defeminization in girls with an autism spectrum condition SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; sex differences; play; fetal testosterone ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; GENDER-ROLE DEVELOPMENT; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; SYMBOLIC PLAY; TUMBLE PLAY; SCHOOL-AGE; MALE BRAIN; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; ANDROGENS AB We tested the hypothesis that prenatal masculinization of the brain by androgens increases risk of developing an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Sex-typical play was measured in n = 66 children diagnosed with an ASC and n = 55 typically developing age-matched controls. Consistent with the hypothesis, girls with autism did not show the female-typical play preferences, though this was only seen on non-pretence items. Boys with autism showed a preference for male play on non-pretence items, in keeping with their sex. Girls with autism engaged in more pretend play than boys with autism, suggesting that pretence is relatively more protected in females with autism. We conclude that play preference studies in ASC provide partial support for the fetal androgen theory. C1 [Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Knickmeyer, RC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, CB 7160,7023 Neurosci Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM rebecca_knickmeyer@med.unc.edu RI Knickmeyer, Rebecca/G-8128-2014 OI Knickmeyer, Rebecca/0000-0001-7708-1388 CR American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN Baron-Cohen S, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P819, DOI 10.1126/science.1115455 BARONCOHEN S, 1987, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V5, P139 Baron-Cohen S, 2004, PRENATAL TESTOSTERON Baron-Cohen S, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P248, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 BATES JE, 1973, DEV PSYCHOL, V9, P20, DOI 10.1037/h0035057 BERENBAUM SA, 1992, PSYCHOL SCI, V3, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00028.x BERENBAUM SA, 1995, DEV PSYCHOL, V31, P31, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.31 CHAPMAN E, 2006, J SOCIAL NEUROSCIENC, V1, P135 Creswell CS, 1999, NEUROCASE, V5, P511, DOI 10.1080/13554799908402746 De Vries GJ, 2002, HORMONES BRAIN BEHAV, V4, P137 DIPIETRO JA, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P50, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.17.1.50 DITTMANN RW, 1990, PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO, V15, P401, DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(90)90065-H EHRHARDT AA, 1968, JOHNS HOPKINS MED J, V122, P160 Finegan JAK, 1996, BRIT J OBSTET GYNAEC, V103, P214, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09708.x GREIF EB, 1976, PLAY ITS ROLE DEV EV, P385 Hazlett HC, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P1366, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1366 HINES M, 1994, CHILD DEV, V65, P1042 Ingudomnuku E, 2007, HORM BEHAV, V51, P597, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001 JARROLD C, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF01046221 Knickmeyer RC, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P825, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00213 Knickmeyer RC, 2005, DEV PSYCHOL, V41, P517, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.41.3.517 Lindsey EW, 1997, SEX ROLES, V37, P643, DOI 10.1007/BF02936333 Lindsey EW, 2001, SEX ROLES, V44, P155, DOI 10.1023/A:1010950919451 Lutchmaya S, 2002, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V25, P327, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00094-2 Lutchmaya S, 2002, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V24, P418 LYTTON H, 1991, PSYCHOL BULL, V109, P267, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.109.2.267 Nordenstrom A, 2002, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V87, P5119, DOI 10.1210/jc.2001-011531 Pellegrini AD, 1998, CHILD DEV, V69, P577, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06226.x Servin A, 2003, DEV PSYCHOL, V39, P440, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.3.440 Simerly RB, 2002, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V25, P507, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142745 Skuse DH, 1997, NATURE, V387, P705, DOI 10.1038/42706 Skuse DH, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V47, P9, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200001000-00006 Smith P. K., 1984, PLAY ANIMALS HUMANS, P241 Sparks BF, 2002, NEUROLOGY, V59, P184 TAMISLEMONDA CS, 1991, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V14, P143, DOI 10.1016/0163-6383(91)90002-A Thomas NS, 1999, HUM GENET, V104, P43, DOI 10.1007/s004390050908 Vreugdenhil HJI, 2002, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V110, pA593 World Health Organization (WHO ICD-10), 1994, ICD10 WHO Zucker KJ, 1996, HORM BEHAV, V30, P300, DOI 10.1006/hbeh.1996.0038 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1028 EP 1035 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0475-0 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700004 PM 17985222 ER PT J AU Coo, H Ouellette-Kuntz, H Lloyd, JEV Kasmara, L Holden, JJA Lewis, MES AF Coo, Helen Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene Lloyd, Jennifer E. V. Kasmara, Liza Holden, Jeanette J. A. Lewis, M. E. Suzanne TI Trends in autism prevalence: Diagnostic substitution revisited SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; diagnostic substitution; prevalence; Edudata Canada; British Columbia Ministry of Education ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHANGING PREVALENCE; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; CALIFORNIA; STATES AB There has been little evidence to support the hypothesis that diagnostic substitution may contribute to increases in the administrative prevalence of autism. We examined trends in assignment of special education codes to British Columbia (BC) school children who had an autism code in at least 1 year between 1996 and 2004, inclusive. The proportion of children with an autism code increased from 12.3/10,000 in 1996 to 43.1/10,000 in 2004; 51.9% of this increase was attributable to children switching from another special education classification to autism (16.0/10,000). Taking into account the reverse situation (children with an autism code switching to another special education category (5.9/10.000)), diagnostic substitution accounted for at least one-third of the increase in autism prevalence over the study period. C1 [Coo, Helen; Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene] Queens Univ, Ongwanada Resource Ctr, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. [Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene; Holden, Jeanette J. A.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. [Lloyd, Jennifer E. V.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Educ, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Kasmara, Liza; Lewis, M. E. Suzanne] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Holden, Jeanette J. A.] Queens Univ, Dept Physiol, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. [Lewis, M. E. Suzanne] Child & Family Res Inst, BC Childrens & Womens Hlth Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Ouellette-Kuntz, H (reprint author), Queens Univ, Ongwanada Resource Ctr, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, 191 Portsmouth Ave, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1036 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0478-x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700005 PM 17975721 ER PT J AU Thorsen, KL Goldberg, WA Osann, K Spence, MA AF Thorsen, Kara L. Goldberg, Wendy A. Osann, Kathryn Spence, M. Anne TI Birthday and non-birthday videotapes: The importance of context for the behavior of young children with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; videotapes; methodology; birthday; adaptive functioning; sensory ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; HOME MOVIES; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; EARLY RECOGNITION; INFANTS; AGE; LIFE; 1ST; DIAGNOSIS; SYMPTOMS AB The present study examines whether children display different frequencies of behaviors at birthday party as compared to non-birthday party settings, and elucidates in which setting behavior is more predictive of later child functioning. Behavior in birthday and non-birthday contexts was examined at 12 and 24 months of age for 56 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results of this study indicate that context does matter for young children's behavior and leads to a different picture of behavioral functioning. For children with ASD, behaviors from non-birthday videotapes are more predictive of functioning later in childhood. The findings suggest that close attention must be paid to contextual factors that may influence young children's behavior. C1 [Thorsen, Kara L.; Goldberg, Wendy A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol 2 3375, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Osann, Kathryn] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Spence, M. Anne] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Goldberg, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol 2 3375, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 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L., 1986, GUIDE ADM SCORING 4 Waterhouse L, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P457, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.457 Werner E, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P157, DOI 10.1023/A:1005463707029 Werner E, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P889, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.889 Williams D, 1994, SOMEBODY SOMEWHERE Woods JJ, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P180, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/015) NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1058 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0479-9 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700006 PM 17985221 ER PT J AU Mandell, DS AF Mandell, David S. TI Psychiatric hospitalization among children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; hospitalization; health services ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPY; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; RESPITE CARE; PEOPLE; ADOLESCENTS; INPATIENT; DIAGNOSIS; COSTS; INTERVENTIONS AB This study examined predictors of psychiatric hospitalization among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Data were collected from 760 caregivers of children with ASD. Cox regression was used to determine factors associated with hospitalization. Almost 11% were hospitalized. Youth in single parent homes were more likely to be hospitalized (OR = 2.54), as were youth diagnosed at a later age (OR = 1.10). Engaging in self-injurious behavior (OR = 2.14), aggressive behavior (OR = 4.83), and being diagnosed with depression (OR = 2.48) or obsessive compulsive disorder (OR = 2.35) increased the odds of hospitalization. Risk for hospitalization increased with age and over time. The results suggest early diagnosis and community-based interventions for aggressive and self-injurious behaviors may reduce hospitalizations. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mandell, DS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Mental Hlth Policy & Serv Res, 3535 Market St,3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0481-2 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700007 PM 17975720 ER PT J AU Robertson, MA Sigalet, DL Holst, JJ Meddings, JB Wood, J Sharkey, KA AF Robertson, Marli A. Sigalet, David L. Holst, Jens J. Meddings, Jon B. Wood, Julie Sharkey, Keith A. TI Intestinal permeability and glucagon-like peptide-2 in children with autism: A controlled pilot study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; nutrition; intestinal permeability; glucagon-like peptide 2 ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; CROHNS-DISEASE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS; CELIAC-DISEASE; GLP-2 LEVELS; PREVALENCE; ADAPTATION; LACTULOSE AB We measured small intestinal permeability using a lactulose:mannitol sugar permeability test in a group of children with autism, with current or previous gastrointestinal complaints. Secondly, we examined whether children with autism had an abnormal glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) response to feeding. Results were compared with sibling controls and children without developmental disabilities. We enrolled 14 children with autism, 7 developmentally normal siblings of these children and 8 healthy, developmentally normal, unrelated children. Our study did not detect differences in these measures of gastrointestinal function in a group of children with autism. C1 [Robertson, Marli A.; Wood, Julie] Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. [Sigalet, David L.; Sharkey, Keith A.] Univ Calgary, Inst Infect Immun & Inflammat, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Sigalet, David L.] Univ Calgary, Dept Surg, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Holst, Jens J.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Physiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Meddings, Jon B.] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Sharkey, Keith A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Biophys, Calgary, AB, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1066 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0482-1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700008 PM 18311517 ER PT J AU Corden, B Chilvers, R Skuse, D AF Corden, Ben Chilvers, Rebecca Skuse, David TI Emotional modulation of perception in Asperger's syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE social cognition; amygdala; autism; fear; attentional blink; emotion ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; HUMAN AMYGDALA; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ATTENTIONAL BLINK; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; FEAR RECOGNITION AB Using an attentional blink paradigm, we show that the typical enhancement of perception for emotionally arousing events is significantly reduced in Asperger's syndrome (AS) at short inter-target intervals. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1080 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0485-y PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700009 PM 17990090 ER PT J AU Moss, J Magiati, I Charman, T Howlin, P AF Moss, Jo Magiati, Iliana Charman, Tony Howlin, Patricia TI Stability of the autism diagnostic interview-revised from pre-school to elementary school age in children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism diagnostic interview-revised; autism spectrum disorder; autism; longitudinal study; symptom severity ID FOLLOW-UP; ADOLESCENCE; SYMPTOMS; CHILDHOOD; ADULTS; TIME AB This study examined the stability of scores on the ADI-R from pre-school to elementary school age in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants were 35 children who, at T1, all had a clinical diagnosis of ASD. On initial assessment (mean age 3.5 years; SD 0.6 years), all met ADI-R algorithm criteria for autism. ADI-R assessments were repeated at follow up (FU; mean age 10.5 years; SD 0.8 years). Changes in ADI-R total, domain and ADI-R algorithm item scores were assessed. Twenty-eight children continued to score above the ADI-R cut-off for autism at FU, although significant decreases in ADI-R domain and item scores were also found. In conclusion while classification of children according to ADI-R criteria generally remained stable between pre-school and elementary school age, many children demonstrated significant improvements in symptom severity. C1 [Moss, Jo; Howlin, Patricia] St Georges Univ London, Dept Community Hlth Sci, London, England. [Charman, Tony] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. RP Moss, J (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, Henry Wellcome Bldg,PO 77,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0487-9 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700010 PM 18058215 ER PT J AU Elder, LM Dawson, G Toth, K Fein, D Munson, J AF Elder, Lauren M. Dawson, Geraldine Toth, Karen Fein, Deborah Munson, Jeff TI Head circumference as an early predictor of autism symptoms in younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; head circumference; infant siblings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY INTERVENTION; EARLY RECOGNITION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; HOME VIDEOTAPES; TODDLERS; AGE; 1ST; DIAGNOSIS AB Siblings of children with autism have an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As children with autism often exhibit an atypical trajectory of head circumference (HC) growth, HC may be an indicator of vulnerability to autism. This study investigated whether infant siblings of children with ASD (n = 77) with an atypical trajectory of HC growth were more likely than those without an atypical HC trajectory to develop autism symptoms. Results showed that infants who had larger HC at 12 months, and whose HC growth rate decelerated more rapidly between 12 and 24 months were more likely to exhibit autism symptoms than infants with more typical HC trajectories. Among infant siblings of children with autism, atypical HC growth might alert pediatricians to provide screening and/or referral for further evaluation. C1 [Elder, Lauren M.; Dawson, Geraldine] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Toth, Karen] Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. [Fein, Deborah] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT USA. [Dawson, Geraldine; Munson, Jeff] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dawson, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Autism Ctr, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0495-9 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700012 PM 18058011 ER PT J AU Kaland, N Callesen, K Moller-Nielsen, A Mortensen, EL Smith, L AF Kaland, Nils Callesen, Kirsten Moller-Nielsen, Annette Mortensen, Erik Lykke Smith, Lars TI Performance of children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism on advanced theory of mind tasks SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autism spectrum disorders; eyes Task; story tasks; perceptual-affective; social-cognitive ID THEORY-OF-MIND; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; STRANGE STORIES TEST; NONRETARDED-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; FALSE BELIEF; ADULTS; ATTRIBUTION; COGNITION; INDIVIDUALS AB Although a number of advanced theory of mind tasks have been developed, there is a dearth of information on whether performances on different tasks are associated. The present study examined the performance of 21 children and adolescents with diagnoses of Asperger syndrome (AS) and 20 typically developing controls on three advanced theory of mind tasks: The Eyes Task, the Strange Stories, and the Stories from Everyday Life. The participants in the clinical group demonstrated lower performance than the controls on all the three tasks. The pattern of findings, however, indicates that these tasks may share different information-processing requirements in addition to tapping different mentalizing abilities. C1 [Kaland, Nils] Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Social Sci, N-2604 Lillehammer, Norway. [Callesen, Kirsten; Moller-Nielsen, Annette] Danish Univ Educ, Dept Psychol & Special Educ, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. [Mortensen, Erik Lykke] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Psychol, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. [Smith, Lars] Univ Oslo, Natl Network Study Infant Mental Hlth Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Smith, Lars] Univ Oslo, Inst Psychol, Oslo, Norway. RP Kaland, N (reprint author), Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Social Sci, Postboks 952, N-2604 Lillehammer, Norway. EM nils@kaland.net CR ABELL F, 2000, J COGNITIVE DEV, V15, P1 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H., 1944, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37 Astington JW, 2001, CHILD DEV, V72, P685, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00305 Astingtons J. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1112 EP 1123 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0496-8 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700013 PM 18058213 ER PT J AU Loftin, RL Odom, SL Lantz, JF AF Loftin, Rachel L. Odom, Samuel L. Lantz, Johanna F. TI Social interaction and repetitive motor behaviors SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; social skills; initiations; self-monitoring; repetitive motor behavior; peer training; stereotypic behavior ID SELF-STIMULATORY-BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT TREATMENT PACKAGE; STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR; COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; SEVERE DISABILITIES; TEACHING-CHILDREN; REINFORCEMENT; SKILLS; STUDENTS AB Students with autism have difficulty initiating social interactions and may exhibit repetitive motor behavior (e.g., body rocking, hand flapping). Increasing social interaction by teaching new skills may lead to reductions in problem behavior, such as motor stereotypies. Additionally, self-monitoring strategies can increase the maintenance of skills. A multiple baseline design was used to examine whether multi-component social skills intervention (including peer training, social initiation instruction, and self-monitoring) led to a decrease in repetitive motor behavior. Social initiations for all participants increased when taught to initiate, and social interactions continued when self-monitoring was introduced. Additionally, participants' repetitive motor behavior was reduced. Changes in social behavior and in repetitive motor behavior maintained more than one month after the intervention ended. C1 [Loftin, Rachel L.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. [Odom, Samuel L.] Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Lantz, Johanna F.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Loftin, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Juvenile Res, 1747 W Roosevelt,M-C 747, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1135 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0499-5 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700014 PM 18064552 ER PT J AU Goldberg, WA Thorsen, KL Osann, K Spence, MA AF Goldberg, Wendy A. Thorsen, Kara L. Osann, Kathryn Spence, M. Anne TI Use of home videotapes to confirm parental reports of regression in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; regression; language; videotapes; parent report; methodology ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EARLY RECOGNITION; AGE; TEMPERAMENT; VALIDITY; 1ST; COMMUNICATION; QUESTIONNAIRE AB The current study examined consistency between parental reports on early language development and behaviors in non-language domains and observer-coded videotapes of young children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic regression. Data are reported on 56 children (84% male) with ASD (early onset or autistic regression) and 14 typically developing children (57% male) who had home videotapes. Unique to the current study is the independent identification of loss/no loss for each child by both parental report and observer-coded home videotapes and the examination of agreement between these two methods. Results indicate substantial concordance between parental report and observer codes for onset and loss of expressive language, but minimal concordance for loss in non-language domains, suggesting a need for supplementation of parental reports in these areas. C1 [Goldberg, Wendy A.; Thorsen, Kara L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol 2 3389, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Osann, Kathryn] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Spence, M. Anne] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Goldberg, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Social Ecol 2 3389, Dept Psychol & Social Behav, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1136 EP 1146 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0498-6 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700015 PM 18058010 ER PT J AU Lee, LC Harrington, RA Louie, BB Newschaffer, CJ AF Lee, Li-Ching Harrington, Rebecca A. Louie, Brian B. Newschaffer, Craig J. TI Children with autism: Quality of life and parental concerns SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; ADD; ADHD; quality of life; parental concern ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FAMILY STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB Past research has shown that children with autism and their families have compromised quality of life (QOL) in several domains. This study examined QOL and parental concerns in children with autism during early childhood, childhood, and adolescence compared to children with Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) and to typical controls from a US national sample. Families with children diagnosed with autism reported more profound QOL effects than families of children with ADD/ADHD or unaffected controls. Children with autism were significantly less likely to attend religious services, more likely to miss school, and less likely to participate in organized activities. Parental concerns over learning difficulty, being bullied, stress-coping, and achievement were overwhelming in the autism group relative to the comparison groups. C1 [Lee, Li-Ching; Harrington, Rebecca A.; Louie, Brian B.; Newschaffer, Craig J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Lee, LC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite E6032, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1160 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0491-0 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700016 PM 18058214 ER PT J AU Kaland, N Smith, L Mortensen, EL AF Kaland, Nils Smith, Lars Mortensen, Erik Lykke TI Brief report: Cognitive flexibility and focused attention in children and adolescents with asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism as measured on the computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; executive function; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; attention problems ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MIND DEVELOPMENT; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; DYSFUNCTION AB The aim of the present study was to assess mental flexibility and set maintenance of a group of individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) (N = 13; mean age 16,4), as compared with a matched group of typically developing children and adolescents (N = 13; mean age 15,6) on the computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The participants in the AS/HFA group performed less well than the controls on all categories of the WCST, but the differences did not reach conventional statistical significance on most categories of the WCST. On the category failure to maintain set, however, the AS/HFA participants performed significantly less well than the controls, suggesting a deficit of focused attention. C1 [Kaland, Nils] Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Social Sci, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway. [Smith, Lars] Univ Oslo, Inst Psychol, Oslo, Norway. [Mortensen, Erik Lykke] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Psychol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Kaland, N (reprint author), Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Social Sci, Gudbrandsdalsvegen 350, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway. EM nils@kaland.net CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Asperger H., 1944, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND, P37 GARRETSON HB, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P101, DOI 10.1007/BF02206860 Heaton RK, 1993, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI Hill EL, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P2822, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.007 Hill EL, 2004, DEV REV, V24, P189, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 HUGHES C, 1994, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V32, P477, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Kaland N, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P517, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00042 Liss M, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P219, DOI 10.1023/A:1010707417274 LORD C, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P185, DOI 10.1007/BF02211841 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 MCINTOSH KE, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P421 MINSHEW NJ, 1992, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V14, P749, DOI 10.1080/01688639208402860 NELSON HE, 1976, CORTEX, V12, P313 Nyden A., 1999, AUTISM, V3, P213, DOI 10.1177/1362361399003003002 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1081, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Ozonoff S, 2005, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V34, P523, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_8 Ozonoff S, 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P72 Ozonoff S, 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P179 OZONOFF S, 1994, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V6, P415, DOI 10.1017/S0954579400006027 Ozonoff S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P139, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022605.81989.cc Ozonoff S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1023052913110 Pennington BF, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x Roberts A. C., 1998, PREFRONTAL CORTEX EX SCHNEIDER SG, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P29, DOI 10.1007/BF00916464 Shu BC, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P165, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005002006 Stuss D. T., 2002, PRINCIPLES FRONTAL L Stuss DT, 2000, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V38, P388, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00093-7 Turner M. A., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P57 Wechsler D., 1998, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Wellman HM, 2001, CHILD DEV, V72, P655, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00304 WHO, 1993, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 32 TC 25 Z9 27 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1165 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0474-1 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700017 PM 17965928 ER PT J AU Overton, T Fielding, C de Alba, RG AF Overton, Terry Fielding, Cheryl de Alba, Roman Garcia TI Brief report: Exploratory analysis of the ADOS revised algorithm: Specificity and predictive value with hispanic children referred for autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; ADOS; algorithm; diagnostic specificity AB This study compared Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) algorithm scores of a sample of 26 children who were administered modules 1-3 of the ADOS with the scores obtained applying the revised ADOS algorithm proposed by Gotham et al. (2007). Results of this application were inconsistent, yielding slightly more accurate results for module 1. New algorithm scores on modules 2 and 3 remained consistent with the original algorithm scores. The Mann-Whitney U was applied to compare revised algorithm and clinical levels of social impairment to determine if significant differences were evident. Results of Mann-Whitney U analyses were inconsistent and demonstrated less specificity for children with milder levels of social impairment. The revised algorithm demonstrated accuracy for the more severe autistic group. C1 [Overton, Terry] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept School Specialties, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Fielding, Cheryl] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Educ Psychol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [de Alba, Roman Garcia] Brownsville ISD, Brownsville, TX USA. RP Overton, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept School Specialties, 80 Ft Brown, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM overtont@mac.com CR Corsello C., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V2, P730 de Bildt A, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P129 GOTHAM G, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P613 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Overton T, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1996, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0349-x *REG ON ED SERV CT, 2005, REG 1 PUBL ED INF MA NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1169 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0488-8 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700018 PM 18026872 ER PT J AU Moretti, P Peters, SU del Gaudio, D Sahoo, T Hyland, K Bottiglieri, T Hopkin, RJ Peach, E Min, SH Goldman, D Roa, B Bacino, CA Scaglia, F AF Moretti, Paolo Peters, Sarika U. del Gaudio, Daniela Sahoo, Trilochan Hyland, Keith Bottiglieri, Teodoro Hopkin, Robert J. Peach, Elizabeth Min, Sang Hee Goldman, David Roa, Benjamin Bacino, Carlos A. Scaglia, Fernando TI Brief report: Autistic symptoms, developmental regression, mental retardation, epilepsy, and dyskinesias in CNS folate deficiency SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE folic Acid; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; 5-MTHF; cerebral folate deficiency; folate transporters; autism ID FOLINIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MALABSORPTION; CHILDREN AB We studied seven children with CNS folate deficiency (CFD). All cases exhibited psychomotor retardation, regression, cognitive delay, and dyskinesia; six had seizures; four demonstrated neurological abnormalities in the neonatal period. Two subjects had profound neurological abnormalities that precluded formal behavioral testing. Five subjects received ADOS and ADI-R testing and met diagnostic criteria for autism or autism spectrum disorders. They exhibited difficulties with transitions, insistence on sameness, unusual sensory interests, and repetitive behaviors. Those with the best language skills largely used repetitive phrases. No mutations were found in folate transporter or folate enzyme genes. These findings demonstrate that autistic features are salient in CFD and suggest that a subset of children with developmental regression, mental retardation, seizures, dyskinesia, and autism may have CNS folate abnormalities. C1 [Moretti, Paolo; del Gaudio, Daniela; Sahoo, Trilochan; Bacino, Carlos A.; Scaglia, Fernando] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Moretti, Paolo] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Peters, Sarika U.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hyland, Keith] Horizon Mol Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bottiglieri, Teodoro] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Metab Dis, Dallas, TX USA. [Hopkin, Robert J.; Peach, Elizabeth] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Human Genet, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Min, Sang Hee; Goldman, David] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Min, Sang Hee; Goldman, David] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Roa, Benjamin] Myriad Genet Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Scaglia, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fscaglia@bcm.tmc.edu CR Blau N, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P642 Geller J, 2002, MEDICINE, V81, P51, DOI 10.1097/00005792-200201000-00004 Hansen FJ, 2005, MOL GENET METAB, V84, P371, DOI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.12.001 HYLAND K, 1992, PTERIDINES, V3, P149 James SJ, 2004, AM J CLIN NUTR, V80, P1611 James SJ, 2006, AM J MED GENET B, V141B, P947, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30366 Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, 2007, TOHOKU J EXP MED, V211, P95, DOI 10.1620/tjem.211.95 Moretti P, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V64, P1088 Pineda M, 2006, ANN NEUROL, V59, P394, DOI 10.1002/ana.20746 Qiu AD, 2006, CELL, V127, P917, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.041 Ramaekers VT, 2002, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V33, P301, DOI 10.1055/s-2002-37082 Ramaekers VT, 2004, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V46, P843, DOI 10.1017/S0012162204001471 Ramaekers VT, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V352, P1985, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa043160 Ramaekers VT, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P506 ROSENBLATT DS, 2000, METABOLIC MOL BASES WEVERS RA, 1994, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V57, P223, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.57.2.223 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1170 EP 1177 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0492-z PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700019 PM 18027081 ER PT J AU Hubel, M Hagell, P Sivberg, B AF Hubel, Marie Hagell, Peter Sivberg, Bengt TI Brief report: Development and initial testing of a questionnaire version of the Environmental Rating Scale (ERS) for assessment of residential programs for individuals with autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; Environmental Rating Scale; assessment; validity; reliability ID QUALITY; ADULTS AB There is a lack of validated autism-specific outcome measures for large-scale evaluation of the effectiveness of psycho-educational programmes. To fill this gap the Environment Rating Scale (ERS) was adapted from an interview version to a staff-completed questionnaire version (ERS-Q). The ERS-Q was tested regarding data quality, validity, reliability and ease of understanding amongst 18 residential staff members. The ERS-Q and ERS showed comparable reliability (alpha = 0.89 and 0.93, respectively) and their correlation was 0.73. These observations support that the ERS interview can be adapted into a questionnaire without substantial loss of conceptual meaning. However, further evaluations in larger samples are needed to more firmly evaluate the measurement properties. C1 [Hubel, Marie; Hagell, Peter; Sivberg, Bengt] Lund Univ, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Sci, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Hubel, M (reprint author), Lund Univ, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Sci, POB 157, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM marie.hubel@med.lu.se RI Hagell, Peter/F-5915-2010; Hagell, Peter/G-9559-2014 OI Hagell, Peter/0000-0003-2174-372X; Hagell, Peter/0000-0003-2174-372X CR BLAND JM, 1995, BRIT MED J, V310, P170 CRONBACH LJ, 1951, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V16, P297 Hobart JC, 2002, QUAL LIFE RES, V11, P636 McDowell J, 2006, MEASURING HLTH GUIDE Mesibov G. 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TI Brief report: Eye direction detection improves with development in autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE gaze perception; development; autism ID JOINT ATTENTION AB Eye direction detection has been claimed to be intact in autism, but the development of this skill has not been investigated. Eleven children with autism and 11 typically developing children performed a demanding face-to-face eye direction detection task. Younger children with autism demonstrated a deficit in this skill, relative to younger control participants. Older children with autism were as accurate as older control participants on this task. In autism, eye direction detection is deficient in late childhood but is typically accurate by adolescence. The implications of this finding for models of social cognitive development in autism are considered. C1 [Webster, Simon; Potter, Douglas D.] Univ Dundee, Sch Psychol, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Potter, DD (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Sch Psychol, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. EM d.d.potter@dundee.ac.uk CR BARONCOHEN S, 1989, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V7, P113 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Howard MA, 2000, NEUROREPORT, V11, P2931, DOI 10.1097/00001756-200009110-00020 Leekam S, 1997, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P77 Morales M, 2000, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V21, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00040-4 SWETTENHAM J, 2001, CHILDREN AUTISM SHOW WEBSTER S, 2004, THESIS U DUNDEE NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1184 EP 1186 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0539-9 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700021 PM 18324465 ER PT J AU Begeer, S Banerjee, R Lunenburg, P Terwogt, MM Stegge, H Rieffe, C AF Begeer, Sander Banerjee, Robin Lunenburg, Patty Terwogt, Mark Meerum Stegge, Hedy Rieffe, Carolien TI Brief report: Self-presentation of children with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE self-presentation; theory of mind; autism; high functioning ID MIND; EMBARRASSMENT; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITIES; EMOTION AB The self-presentational behaviour of 43 6- to 12-year-old children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD) and normal intelligence and 43 matched comparisons was investigated. Children were prompted to describe themselves twice, first in a baseline condition and then in a condition where they were asked to convince others to select them for a desirable activity (self-promotion). Even after controlling for theory of mind skills, children with HFASD used fewer positive self-statements at baseline, and were less goal-directed during self-promotion than comparison children. Children with HFASD alter their self-presentation when seeking personal gain, but do this less strategically and convincingly than typically-developing children. C1 [Begeer, Sander; Lunenburg, Patty; Terwogt, Mark Meerum; Stegge, Hedy] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Banerjee, Robin] Univ Sussex, Falmer, England. [Rieffe, Carolien] Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Begeer, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Dev Psychol, Van der Boechorststr 1, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM S.Begeer@psy.vu.nl RI Begeer, Sander/I-3383-2012 CR ALOISEYOUNG PA, 1993, SOC COGNITION, V11, P201, DOI 10.1521/soco.1993.11.2.201 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Banerjee R, 2002, MERRILL PALMER QUART, V48, P378, DOI 10.1353/mpq.2002.0015 Bauminger N, 2004, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V16, P193, DOI 10.1023/B:JODD.0000026616.24896.c8 Begeer S, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P37, DOI 10.1177/1362361306057862 Begeer S, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P479, DOI 10.1023/A:1025875311062 Frith U, 1999, MIND LANG, V14, P1 Goffman E, 1959, PRESENTATION SELF EV Harris P. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1007/s10803-007-0503-0 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700022 PM 18311516 ER PT J AU Scahill, L AF Scahill, Lawrence TI How do I decide whether or not to use medication for my child with autism? Should I try behavior therapy first? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID RISPERIDONE C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Scahill, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM lawrence.scahill@yale.edu CR Mccracken JT, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1361 McCracken JT, 2002, NEW ENGL J MED, V347, P314, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa013171 Tyrer P, 2008, LANCET, V371, P57, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60072-0 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1197 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0573-7 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 310II UT WOS:000256521700024 PM 18463973 ER PT J AU Brumback, RA AF Brumback, Roger A. TI A never ending saga: The mercury and autism articles by Ip et al SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE; CHILDREN RI Brumback, Roger/A-2404-2008 CR Brumback RA, 2007, J CHILD NEUROL, V22, P1321, DOI 10.1177/0883073807308149 DeSoto MC, 2008, J CHILD NEUROL, V23, P463, DOI 10.1177/0883073808314718 Desoto M Catherine, 2007, J Child Neurol, V22, P1308, DOI 10.1177/0883073807307111 IP P, 2004, HK J PAEDIAT NEW SER, V9, P103 Ip P, 2007, J CHILD NEUROL, V22, P1324, DOI 10.1177/0883073807308148 Ip P, 2004, PEDIATR INT, V46, P715, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01972.x Ip P, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P431 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 725 EP 725 DI 10.1177/0883073808320530 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 330GP UT WOS:000257929000001 PM 18658071 ER PT J AU Gabis, L Huang, W Azizian, A DeVincent, C Tudorica, A Kesner-Baruch, Y Roche, P Pomeroy, J AF Gabis, Lidia Huang, Wei Azizian, Allen DeVincent, Carla Tudorica, Alina Kesner-Baruch, Yael Roche, Patricia Pomeroy, John TI H-1-magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers of cognitive and language ability in clinical subtypes of autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE language; brain imaging; H-1-magnetic resonance spectroscopy; autism spectrum disorders ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN; MRI; HIPPOCAMPUS; CEREBELLUM; ANOMALIES; AMYGDALA AB This study assessed metabolic functioning of regional brain areas to address whether there is a neurometabolic profile reflecting the underlying neuropathology in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, and if varied profiles correlate with the clinical subtypes. Thirteen children (7-16 years) with autism spectrum disorders and 8 typically developing children were compared on H-1-magnetic resonance spectroscopy data collected from hippocampus-amygdala and cerebellar regions. The autism spectrum disorder group had significantly lower N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine ratios bilaterally in the hippocampus-amygdala but not cerebellum, whereas myo-inositol/creatine was significantly increased in all measured regions. Choline/creatine was also significantly elevated in the left hippocampus-amygdala and cerebellar regions of children with autism spectrum disorder. Comparisons within the autism spectrum disorder group when clinically subdivided by history of speech delay revealed significant metabolic ratio differences. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide important information regarding abnormal brain metabolism and clinical classification in autism spectrum disorders. C1 [Gabis, Lidia; Kesner-Baruch, Yael] Safra Childrens Hosp, Weinberg Child Dev Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Gabis, Lidia; Kesner-Baruch, Yael] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Huang, Wei] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Azizian, Allen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Neuropsychiat Inst & Hosp, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [DeVincent, Carla; Pomeroy, John] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tudorica, Alina; Roche, Patricia] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Gabis, L (reprint author), Safra Childrens Hosp, Weinberg Child Dev Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. 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Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 766 EP 774 DI 10.1177/0883073808315423 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 330GP UT WOS:000257929000010 PM 18487520 ER PT J AU Galasso, C Lo-Castro, A Lalli, C Nardone, AM Gullotta, F Curatolo, P AF Galasso, Cinzia Lo-Castro, Adriana Lalli, Cristina Nardone, Anna Maria Gullotta, Francesca Curatolo, Paolo TI Deletion 2q37: An identifiable clinical syndrome with mental retardation and autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromosome 2q syndrome; 2q deletion syndrome; monosomy 2q; mental retardation; autism ID ALBRIGHT HEREDITARY OSTEODYSTROPHY; TERMINAL DELETION; LONG ARM; CANDIDATE REGION; NEUROMEDIN-U; CHROMOSOME-2; PHENOTYPE; GENE; 46,XY,DEL(2)(Q37); TRANSLOCATION AB Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by low birth weight, delayed somatic and mental development, craniofacial defects, short neck, heart and lung congenital defects, and autistic features. We report on a girl with 46,XX.ish del(2)(q37.1) de novo karyotype, mental retardation, dysmorphic features, gastrointestinal anomalies, and autistic traits and compare her clinical manifestations with patients with the same deletion previously described in literature. C1 [Galasso, Cinzia; Lo-Castro, Adriana; Lalli, Cristina; Curatolo, Paolo] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Pediat Neurol Unit, Dept Neurosci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nardone, Anna Maria; Gullotta, Francesca] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Med Genet, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Galasso, C (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Pediat Neurol Unit, Dept Neurosci, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. 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Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 7 BP 802 EP 806 DI 10.1177/0883073808314150 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 330GP UT WOS:000257929000014 PM 18658079 ER PT J AU Beaumont, R Sofronoff, K AF Beaumont, Renae Sofronoff, Kate TI A multi-component social skills intervention for children with Asperger syndrome: The junior detective training program SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; social skills ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TEACHING THEORY; EMOTIONS; MIND; RECOGNIZE; ADULTS; BELIEF AB Background: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a new multi-component social skills intervention for children with Asperger syndrome (AS): The Junior Detective Training Program. This 7-week program included a computer game, small group sessions, parent training sessions and teacher handouts. Method: Forty-nine children with AS were recruited to participate and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 26) or wait-list control (n = 23) conditions. Results: Relative to children in the wait-list group, program participants showed greater improvements in social skills over the course of the intervention, as indicated by parent-report measures. Teacher-report data also confirmed that children receiving the intervention made significant improvements in social functioning from pre- to post-treatment. Treatment group participants were better able to suggest appropriate emotion-management strategies for story characters at post-intervention than at pre-intervention, whereas control participants were not. However, there was no difference in the improvements made by children in the intervention and control conditions on facial expression and body-posture recognition measures. Follow-up data suggested that treatment gains were maintained by children at 5-months post-intervention. Conclusions: The Junior Detective Training Program appeared to be effective in enhancing the social skills and emotional understanding of children with AS. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. C1 [Sofronoff, Kate] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Sofronoff, K (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. 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H., 1995, SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINI Swettenham J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01387.x Williams DL, 2005, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V20, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.acn.2002.08.001 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 743 EP 753 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01920.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 315CH UT WOS:000256855000008 PM 18503531 ER PT J AU Berger, M AF Berger, Michael TI Understanding autism: From basic neuroscience to treatment SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review CR Moldin S. O., 2006, UNDERSTANDING AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 7 BP 792 EP 792 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01767.x PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 315CH UT WOS:000256855000013 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, AJO Barry, JG Bishop, DVM AF Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. Barry, Johanna G. Bishop, Dorothy V. M. TI Further defining the language impairment of autism: Is there a specific language impairment subtype? SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; TWIN; PHENOTYPES; SIBLINGS; SPECTRUM; DISORDER; FOXP2; RISK AB Some children with autism demonstrate poor nonword repetition-a deficit considered to be a psycholinguistic marker of specific language impairment (SLI). The present study examined whether there is an SLI subtype among children with autism. We compared the language abilities of children with SLI (n = 34, M age = 11; 10 S.D. = 2;3), and children with autism with (Apoor, n = 18, M age = 10; 11 S.D. = 3; 1) and without (Aapp, n = 16, M age = 10;8 S.D. = 2;7) structural language difficulties. Participants were administered battery of standardized language and memory tests. Although there were some similarities in the language profile of the SLI and Apoor groups, the two groups differed on the tests of oromotor ability and verbal short-term memory and showed a different pattern of errors on the nonword repetition task. These findings providing evidence against the idea of an SLI subtype in autism. Further analyses suggested that the nonword repetition deficits experienced by some children with autism may arise when there is substantial impairment in multiple autistic domains. Learning outcomes: Readers will be introduced to (a) the current state of behavioral, cognitive and genetic research that has investigated the relation between SLI and autism, and (b) three hypotheses of why there exists similarity in the language characteristics of children with SLI and autism. Readers will then be taken through a detailed comparison of the language and memory abilities of group of children with each diagnosis. A theoretical model that seeks to explain the relation between these two disorders will be discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.; Barry, Johanna G.; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford Study Childrens Commun Impairments, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. RP Whitehouse, AJO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford Study Childrens Commun Impairments, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. 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Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 41 IS 4 BP 319 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.01.002 PG 18 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 304MZ UT WOS:000256114900002 PM 18295779 ER PT J AU Gargus, JJ AF Gargus, J. Jay TI Calcium signaling abnormalities in familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2), a window into autism and polygenic neuropsychiatric channelopathies SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Physiologists CY SEP 03-07, 2008 CL Woods Hole, MA SP Soc Gen Physiol HO Marine Biol Lab C1 [Gargus, J. Jay] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Orange, CA 92868 USA. [Gargus, J. Jay] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Div Human Genet, Orange, CA 92868 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1295 J9 J GEN PHYSIOL JI J. Gen. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1 MA 42 BP 19A EP 20A PG 2 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 354JC UT WOS:000259634900046 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Xue, Y Asan Daly, A Wu, LJ Tyler-Smith, C AF Xu, Yang Xue, Yali Asan Daly, Allan Wu, Lijie Tyler-Smith, Chris TI Variation of the oxytocin/neurophysin I (OXT) gene in four human populations SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE oxytocin; OXT; human genetic variation; HapMap populations; HKA test ID HUMAN GENOME; STATISTICAL-METHOD; DNA POLYMORPHISM; OXYTOCIN; AUTISM AB Oxytocin is a short peptide with multiple functions in human biology and has been implicated in autism. We aimed to determine the normal pattern of variation around the oxytocin gene and resequenced it and its flanking regions in 91 individuals from four HapMap populations and one chimpanzee. We identified 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all noncoding, including eight that were novel. Population genetic analyses were largely consistent with a neutral evolutionary history, but an Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade (HKA) test revealed more variation within the human population than expected from the level of chimpanzee-human divergence. C1 [Xu, Yang; Wu, Lijie] Harbin Med Coll, Dept Childrens & Adolescent Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yang; Xue, Yali; Asan; Daly, Allan; Tyler-Smith, Chris] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambs, England. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), Harbin Med Coll, Dept Childrens & Adolescent Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, 157 Baojian Rd, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China. 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Hum. Genet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 7 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1007/s10038-008-0292-0 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 320BH UT WOS:000257208200008 PM 18566739 ER PT J AU Sadakata, T Furuichi, T AF Sadakata, T. Furuichi, T. TI Analysis of autism-related gene CAPS2/CADPS2 SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Biennial Meeting of the Asia-Pacific-Society-of-Neurochemistry CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Asia Pacific Soc Neurochem C1 [Sadakata, T.; Furuichi, T.] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Mol Neurogenesis, Saitama, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 SU 1 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 307WY UT WOS:000256351500077 ER PT J AU Chauhan, A Essa, MM Muthaiyah, B Brown, WT Chauhan, V AF Chauhan, A. Essa, M. M. Muthaiyah, B. Brown, W. T. Chauhan, V TI Increased oxidative damage and free radical generation in lymphoblasts from autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Biennial Meeting of the Asia-Pacific-Society-of-Neurochemistry CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Asia Pacific Soc Neurochem C1 [Chauhan, A.; Essa, M. M.; Muthaiyah, B.; Brown, W. T.; Chauhan, V] NYS Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 106 SU 1 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 307WY UT WOS:000256351500104 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, MM Brito, AR Domingues, RC da Cruz, LCH Gasparetto, EL Werner, J Goncalves, JPS AF Vasconcelos, Marcio Moacyr Brito, Adriana Rocha Domingues, Romeu Cortes Hygino da Cruz, Luiz Celso, Jr. Gasparetto, Emerson L. Werner, Jairo Sevalho Goncalves, Joao Pedro TI Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in school-aged autistic children SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance spectroscopy; autistic disorder; diagnostic imaging; brain chemistry ID CEREBRAL WHITE-MATTER; BRAIN-METABOLITES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISORDER; BOYS AB PURPOSE This study aims to assess cerebral metabolites in school-aged autistic patients through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS This case-control study included 10 right-handed mate children (median age, 9.53 years +/- 1.80) with autism according to DSM-IV criteria, and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched healthy controls (median age, 8.52 years +/- 1.42). Imaging was performed on a 1.5-T scanner utilizing a single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) technique (TR = 1,500 ms, TE = 30 ms). Four cerebral areas were evaluated: bilateral anterior cingulate, left striatum, left cerebellar hemisphere, and left frontal lobe. Peak areas and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with controls, autistic children showed a significant increase in ml (P = .021) and Cho (P = .042) peak areas in anterior cingulate and in mI/Cr ratio in anterior cingulate (P = .037) and left striatum (P = .035). The remaining metabolites and ratios were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found a statistically significant increase in myo-inositol and choline in anterior cingulate and left striatum of autistic children compared with controls. In contrast to previous studies, NAA peak area and NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios had, no statistically significant decrease in any of the 4brain regions. C1 [Vasconcelos, Marcio Moacyr; Brito, Adriana Rocha; Werner, Jairo] Univ Fed Fluminense, Hosp Univ Antonio Pedro, Dept Materno Infantil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Domingues, Romeu Cortes; Hygino da Cruz, Luiz Celso, Jr.; Sevalho Goncalves, Joao Pedro] Clin Multi Imagem, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gasparetto, Emerson L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Radiol, Clin CDPI, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Vasconcelos, MM (reprint author), Av Amer,700 Sala 229 Bloco 6, BR-22640100 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. 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TI Using Computer-Presented Social Stories and Video Models to Increase the Social Communication Skills of Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger Syndrome; Social Stories; video modeling; social skills ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TEACH PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; INTERVENTION; BEHAVIORS; FEEDBACK; PLAY AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computer-presented Social Stories and video models on the social communication skills of three children with High-Functioning Autism/Asperger's Syndrome (HFA/AS). Using a multiple-baseline across-participants design, computer-presented Social Stories and video models were implemented and direct observations of the participants' identified target behaviors were collected two times per week during unstructured school activities (e.g., recess). 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TI Effects of Training on the Use of the Behavior Support Plan Quality Evaluation Guide With Autism Educators SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE autism; PDD; functional assessment; behavior(s); training ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; STRATEGIES; PROVISIONS; TEACHERS; STUDENTS; BURNOUT AB Positive behavior support (PBS) plans are required practice for students whose behaviors impede their learning or that of others. Educators of children and youth with autism and other developmental disorders represent a subgroup of special educators who are frequently involved in the development of PBS plans. The goal of this research was to assess the effect of a specific, brief training delivered to improve the substantive, evidence-based quality of PBS plans developed by autism educators in a graduate-level university program. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1177/1098300708318796 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 390MS UT WOS:000262169000005 ER PT J AU Bornhofen, C Mcdonald, S AF Bornhofen, Cristina Mcdonald, Skye TI Emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury: A review of the evidence and rationale for intervention SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE rehabilitation; facial expression; social interaction; social behavior; affect; recovery of function; cortical contusion; traumatic brain injury ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ADULT SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AMYGDALA DAMAGE; MOVEMENT REPRESENTATIONS; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION AB While the cognitive disturbances that frequently follow severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are relatively well understood, the ways in which these affect the psychosocial functioning of people with TBI are yet to be determined and have thus received little attention in treatment research. Growing evidence indicates that a significant proportion of individuals with TBI demonstrate an inability to recognize affective information from the face, voice, bodily movement, and posture. Because accurate interpretation of emotion in others is critical for the successful negotiation of social interactions, effective treatments are necessary. Until recently, however, there have been no rehabilitation efforts in this area. The present review examines the literature on emotion perception deficits in TBI and presents a theoretical rationale for targeted intervention. Several lines of research relevant to the remediation of emotion perception in people with TBI are considered. These include work on emotion perception remediation with other cognitively impaired populations, current neuropsychological models of emotion perception and underlying neural systems, and recent conceptualizations of remediation processes. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of carrying out efforts to improve emotion perception within a contextualized framework in which the day-to-day relevance of training is clear to all recipients. C1 [Bornhofen, Cristina; Mcdonald, Skye] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Bornhofen, C (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM cristinab@iinet.net.au RI McDonald, Skye/G-4118-2014 OI McDonald, Skye/0000-0003-0723-6094 FU National Medical and Research Council of Australia FX The information contained in this manuscript is based on parts of a PhD thesis completed by the first author and has not previously been published. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 511 EP 525 DI 10.1017/S1355617708080703 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 338VL UT WOS:000258537400001 PM 18577280 ER PT J AU Quincozes-Santos, A Abib, RT Leite, MC Bobermin, D Bambini-Junior, V Goncalves, CA Riesgo, R Gottfried, C AF Quincozes-Santos, Andre Abib, Renata Torres Leite, Marina Concli Bobermin, Daiane Bambini-Junior, Victorio Goncalves, Carlos-Alberto Riesgo, Rudimar Gottfried, Carmem TI Effect of the atypical neuroleptic risperidone on morphology and S100B secretion in C6 astroglial lineage cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE risperidone; atypical antipsychotic; astrocyte; C6 cells; S100B; morphology; autism ID GLIOMA-CELLS; GLUTAMATE UPTAKE; GLIAL-CELLS; RHO GTPASES; AUTISM; ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; BRAIN AB We investigated the effect of the atypical neuroleptic risperidone on morphology and S100B secretion in C6 glioma cells, considering the putative involvement of astroglial cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. In the presence of high experimental doses of risperidone, C6 cells become stellate, with process-bearing cells and partial retraction of the cell body followed by detachment from the adhesion surface with practically no cell death. These results indicate that risperidone is able to interfere with C6 cell adhesion without toxic effects. RhoA activator LPA prevented the effects of risperidone on cell morphology. From 6 h risperidone induced a statistically significant increment of about 80% in S100B secretion. These data contribute to the proposal that glial cells are targets of risperidone, which could be involved in the therapeutic response of risperidone to improve autism symptoms. C1 [Quincozes-Santos, Andre; Abib, Renata Torres; Leite, Marina Concli; Bobermin, Daiane; Bambini-Junior, Victorio; Goncalves, Carlos-Alberto; Gottfried, Carmem] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Ciencias Basicas Saude, Dept Bioquim, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 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Cell. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 314 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s11010-008-9765-x PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 313RH UT WOS:000256757200008 PM 18421423 ER PT J AU Burmeister, M McInnis, MG Zollner, S AF Burmeister, Margit McInnis, Melvin G. Zollner, Sebastian TI Psychiatric genetics: progress amid controversy SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; RECEPTOR GENE; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER; POLYMORPHISM 5-HTTLPR AB Several psychiatric disorders-such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism-are highly heritable, yet identifying their genetic basis has been challenging, with most discoveries failing to be replicated. 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TI Heterogeneous dysregulation of microRNAs across the autism spectrum SO NEUROGENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; miRNA; postmortem tissue; cerebellum ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; ATYPICAL AUTISM; HUMAN GENOME; COPY-NUMBER; DISORDERS; GENE; ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS; LINKAGE AB microRNAs (miRNAs) are similar to 21 nt transcripts capable of regulating the expression of many mRNAs and are abundant in the brain. miRNAs have a role in several complex diseases including cancer as well as some neurological diseases such as Tourette's syndrome and Fragile x syndrome. As a genetically complex disease, dysregulation of miRNA expression might be a feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Using multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we compared the expression of 466 human miRNAs from postmortem cerebellar cortex tissue of individuals with ASD (n=13) and a control set of non-autistic cerebellar samples (n=13). While most miRNAs levels showed little variation across all samples suggesting that autism does not induce global dysfunction of miRNA expression, some miRNAs among the autistic samples were expressed at significantly different levels compared to the mean control value. Twenty-eight miRNAs were expressed at significantly different levels compared to the non-autism control set in at least one of the autism samples. To validate the finding, we reversed the analysis and compared each non-autism control to a single mean value for each miRNA across all autism cases. In this analysis, the number of dysregulated miRNAs fell from 28 to 9 miRNAs. Among the predicted targets of dysregulated miRNAs are genes that are known genetic causes of autism such Neurexin and SHANK3. This study finds that altered miRNA expression levels are observed in postmortem cerebellar cortex from autism patients, a finding which suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to autism spectrum phenotype. 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Kornberg, Andrew J. TI Duchenne muscular dystrophy SO NEUROLOGY INDIA LA English DT Review DE Continuous positive airway pressure; corticosteroids; creatine kinase; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; gene therapy; muscle disease; pediatric ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HOME NOCTURNAL VENTILATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; BLIND CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; DMD GENE; CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT; NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; NONSENSE MUTATION AB Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder, is the most common muscular dystrophy in children, presenting in early childhood and characterized by proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy in affected boys. Patients usually become wheelchair-bound by the age of 12 years, and die of cardiorespiratory complications in their late teens to early twenties. Advances in the management of DMD, including treatment with corticosteroids and the use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have provided improvements in function, ambulation, quality of life and life expectancy, although novel therapies still aim to provide a cure for this devastating disorder. The clinical features, investigations, and management of DMD are reviewed, as well as the latest in some of the novel therapies. C1 [Yiu, Eppie M.; Kornberg, Andrew J.] Royal Childrens Hosp Melbourne, Childrens Neurosci Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Kornberg, Andrew J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Pediat, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Yiu, EM (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp Melbourne, Childrens Neurosci Ctr, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. 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Children with sequelae such as cerebellar mutism and ataxia experience a compromise in their quality of life. Here, we present our combined transventricular and supracerebellar infratentorial approach to avoid complications of vermian splitting. METHODS:The combined transventricular and supracerebellar infratentorial approach described here was used in a total of four pediatric patients. A medial suboccipital craniotomy with opening of the foramen magnum and resection of the C1 lamina was performed with the patient in the semisitting position. The tumor mass filling the fourth ventricle was removed via a transventricular telovelar route through the foramen of Magendie, preserving the vermis. The rostral tumor portions in the peritectal region extruding up to the thalami were exposed and resected via an infratentorial supracerebellar route to preserve the venous drainage of the cerebellum. RESULTS: There were no new neurological deficits postoperatively. Two patients had low-grade astrocytomas, and two patients had malignant tumors. Complete tumor resection was achieved in two patients, and near-total tumor removal in the two others. CONCLUSION: The combined transventricular and supracerebellar infratentorial approach offers a unique possibility of safely removing giant pediatric midline tumors. Splitting of the cerebellar vermis is not necessary for removal of such tumors. C1 [Hermann, Elvis J.; Rittierodt, Marion; Krauss, Joachim K.] Hannover Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. RP Krauss, JK (reprint author), Hannover Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, Carl Neuberg Str 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. 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Annu. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7 BP 472 EP 480 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 330SF UT WOS:000257962400006 PM 18710137 ER PT J AU Do, SB Napalinga, K Pinninti, N Carvalho, KS Valencia, I Legido, A Kothare, SV AF Do, Shaila Bokkala Napalinga, Katherine Pinninti, Narsimha Carvalho, Karen S. Valencia, Ignacio Legido, Agustin Kothare, Sanjeev V. TI Correlates of periodic limb movements of sleep in the pediatric population SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; IRON STATUS; REM-SLEEP; CHILDREN; DISTURBANCE; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD; EEG AB Periodic limb movements of sleep are clinically underdiagnosed in children. Polysomnography is the most accurate diagnostic test. There is a paucity of information regarding polysomnography findings in children. We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of pediatric periodic limb movements detected by polysomnography. Periodic limb movements of sleep were identified in 77 of 982 polysomnograms, with a prevalence of 7.8% and male predominance (47 boys; 30 girls). Mean age was 9.4 +/- 4.2 years (1-19 years) (body mass index, 24.1 +/- 12.3). Mean sleep time was 395.4 +/- 73.4 minutes, of which rapid eye movement sleep constituted 16.6% +/- 6.7%, and slow-wave sleep, 22% +/- 10%. Sleep efficiency was 93.8 +/- 9.83, periodic limb movement index, 9.78 +/- 7.9; periodic limb movement arousal, 4.5 +/- 8.4; arousal index, 27.8 +/- 12.4; and peak end-tidal CO2, 48.9 +/- 10.5 mm Hg. Associated diagnoses included obstructive sleep apnea in 36 (46.8%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 10 (13%), migraine in 7 (9.1%), seizures in 7 (9.1%), autism spectrum disorders in 5 (6.5%), and narcolepsy in 7 (9.1%). Serum ferritin was decreased (mean, 26.1 mu g/L) in 29 (96.6%). Prospective studies may clarify the significance of incidental pediatric periodic limb movements in sleep detected on polysomnograms. (C) 2008 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Do, Shaila Bokkala; Napalinga, Katherine; Pinninti, Narsimha; Carvalho, Karen S.; Valencia, Ignacio; Legido, Agustin; Kothare, Sanjeev V.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, St Christophers Hosp Children,Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Do, Shaila Bokkala] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Hahnemann Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kothare, SV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Neurol, Fegan 9,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneuro1.2008.03.008 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 318PU UT WOS:000257104900006 ER PT J AU Burusnukul, P de los Ryes, EC Yinger, J Boue, DR AF Burusnukul, Prinyarat de los Ryes, Emily C. Yinger, Jacqueline Boue, Daniel R. TI Danon disease: An unusual presentation of autism SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED VACUOLAR CARDIOMYOPATHY; LAMP-2 GENE MUTATION; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; MYOPATHY AB Danon disease is an X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy, originally reported as "lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase," resulting from a primary deficiency of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 because of mutations in the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 gene. Classic clinical features in males include cardiomyopathy (100%, eventually), myopathy (90%), and mental retardation (70%), but mostly of a mild degree. We report on an unusual presentation in a patient with autism, motor delay, and a normal cardiac evaluation. The presence of multiorgan involvement, including elevated liver enzymes, abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging, and diffuse hypotonia with swallowing difficulties, prompted a muscle biopsy. A quadriceps muscle biopsy was performed, and the findings were most suspicious for a glycogen storage-type disease. Subsequently, a pathogenic lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 mutation was found. To our knowledge, there are no previous clinical reports of autism in children with Danon disease. (C) 2008 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Burusnukul, Prinyarat; de los Ryes, Emily C.; Yinger, Jacqueline] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat & Neurol, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. [Boue, Daniel R.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneuro1.2008.03.011 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 318PU UT WOS:000257104900010 PM 18555174 ER PT J AU Jangaard, KA Fell, DB Dodds, L Allen, AC AF Jangaard, Krista A. Fell, Deshayne B. Dodds, Linda Allen, Alexander C. TI Outcomes in a population of healthy term and near-term infants with serum bilirubin levels of >= 325 mu mol/l (>= 19 mg/dL) who were born in Nova Ccotia, Canada, between 1994 and 2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hyperbilirubinemia; outcomes; population-based ID DEVELOPMENT CLINICAL-TRIAL; BREAST-FED TERM; FOLLOW-UP; NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; NONHEMOLYTIC HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; CHILD-HEALTH; HEARING-LOSS; KERNICTERUS; PHOTOTHERAPY AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to study the incidence of kernicterus, developmental delay, autism, cerebral palsy, and hearing loss in infants with peak total serum bilirubin levels of >= 325 mu mol/ L ( >= 19 mg/ dL), compared with infants with less- severe or no hyperbilirubinemia, in a population of healthy term and late preterm infants. METHODS. Prospectively gathered, standardized, maternal and neonatal data for infants at >= 35 weeks of gestation who were born between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2000, were extracted from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database. Infants with Rh factor isoimmunization, significant congenital or chromosomal abnormalities, or severe peripartum asphyxia were excluded. Comparisons were made on the basis of peak total serum bilirubin levels. Diagnoses were obtained through data linkage with the Medical Services Insurance Database for office visits and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Database for hospital admissions. The registration file provided information allowing calculation of follow-up times, which were determined for each separate outcome. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 9 years, with the end point being the first time the diagnostic code was encountered in either database. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between outcomes and total serum bilirubin levels. RESULTS. Of 61 238 infants included in the study cohort, 4010 ( 6.7%) did not have linkage data, which left 56 019 infants for analysis. There were no cases of kernicterus and no significant differences in rates of cerebral palsy, deafness, developmental delay, or visual abnormalities between the groups. There were suggestions of associations with attention-deficit disorder in the severe hyperbilirubinemia group and with autism in the combined moderate and severe hyperbilirubinemia group. CONCLUSIONS. There was no increase in adverse effects reported previously to be associated with bilirubin toxicity. Associations with developmental delay, attention-deficit disorder, and autism were observed. C1 [Jangaard, Krista A.; Allen, Alexander C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Neonatal Perinatal Med, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. [Fell, Deshayne B.; Dodds, Linda; Allen, Alexander C.] Dalhousie Univ, Perinatal Epidemiol Res Unit, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. RP Jangaard, KA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Neonatal Perinatal Med, 5850-5980 Univ Ave,POB 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. EM krista.jangaard@dal.ca CR BERGMAN DA, 1994, PEDIATRICS, V94, P558 BOO NY, 1994, J TROP PEDIATRICS, V40, P194 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2001, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V50, P491 Cone-Wesson B, 2000, EAR HEARING, V21, P488, DOI 10.1097/00003446-200010000-00012 CONNOLLY AM, 1990, CLIN PERINATOL, V17, P371 CROEN LA, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V115 Deorari A K, 1994, Indian Pediatr, V31, P915 Ebbesen F, 2000, ACTA PAEDIATR, V89, P1213, DOI 10.1080/080352500750027592 Grether J K, 1992, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, V6, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00774.x Grimmer I, 1999, ACTA PAEDIATR, V88, P661, DOI 10.1080/08035259950169341 Hansen TWR, 2000, ACTA PAEDIATR, V89, P1155, DOI 10.1080/080352500750027484 Harris MC, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1075, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.5.1075 Holtrop PC, 1996, HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA I, P888 Johnson L, 1999, PEDIATRICS, V104, P736 *JOINT COMM ACCR H, 2001, SENT EV AL JUULDAM N, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107 MAISELS MJ, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V96, P730 Newman TB, 2006, NEW ENGL J MED, V354, P1889, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa054244 NEWMAN TB, 1993, PEDIATRICS, V92, P651 Ozmert E, 1996, ACTA PAEDIATR, V85, P1440, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13949.x SCHEIDT PC, 1990, PEDIATRICS, V85, P455 SCHEIDT PC, 1991, PEDIATRICS, V87, P797 Sgro M, 2006, CAN MED ASSOC J, V175, P587, DOI 10.1503/cmaj.060328 Soorani-Lunsing I, 2001, PEDIATR RES, V50, P701, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200112000-00012 Wong V, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P309, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00058 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1542/peds.2007-0967 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200016 PM 18595994 ER PT J AU Harrington, JW AF Harrington, John W. TI Are we overmedicating our children? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID AUTISM C1 Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Div Gen Pediat, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. RP Harrington, JW (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Div Gen Pediat, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. CR Kolevzon A, 2006, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V67, P407 MANDELL DS, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121 Myers SM, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1162, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 SHEA S, 2004, PEDIATRICS, V114 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-0879 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200034 PM 18596010 ER PT J AU Indredavik, MS Vik, T Skranes, J Brubakk, AM AF Indredavik, Marit S. Vik, Torstein Skranes, Jon Brubakk, Ann-Mari TI Positive screening results for autism in ex-preterm infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PSYCHIATRIC-SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENTS; ABNORMALITIES C1 [Indredavik, Marit S.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [Indredavik, Marit S.] St Olavs Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, NO-7433 Trondheim, Norway. [Vik, Torstein] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [Skranes, Jon; Brubakk, Ann-Mari] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Lab Med, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [Skranes, Jon; Brubakk, Ann-Mari] St Olavs Univ Hosp, Childrens Clin, NO-7433 Trondheim, Norway. RP Indredavik, MS (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. CR Indredavik MS, 2004, ARCH DIS CHILD, V89, pF445, DOI 10.1136/adc.2003.038943 Indredavik MS, 2005, PEDIATR NEUROL, V33, P259, DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.05.002 Limperopoulos C, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121, P758, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2158 Skranes J, 2007, BRAIN, V130, P654, DOI 10.1093/brain/awm001 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 222 EP 222 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1044 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200050 PM 18596018 ER PT J AU Limperopoulos, C AF Limperopoulos, Catherine TI Positive screening results for autism in ex-preterm infants - In reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID INTERVENTION C1 McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Sch Phys & Occupat Therapy, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. RP Limperopoulos, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Sch Phys & Occupat Therapy, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. CR Ben-Itzchak E, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P287, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.03.002 Bryson SE, 2003, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V48, P506 National Research Council Committee on Interventions for Children with Autism, 2001, ED CHILDR AUT NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2008 VL 122 IS 1 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1542/peds.2008-1288 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 320YN UT WOS:000257271200051 ER PT J AU Montes, G Halterman, JS AF Montes, Guillermo Halterman, Jill S. TI Child care problems and employment among families with preschool-aged children with autism in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IDENTIFYING CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS; PARENTS EVALUATION; HEALTH AB BACKGROUND. The impact of childhood autism on parental employment is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to describe the child care arrangements of children with autism and to determine whether families of preschool-aged children with autism are more likely to report that child care arrangements affected employment compared with typically developing children and children at high risk for developmental problems. METHODS. Parents of 16 282 preschool-aged children were surveyed by the National Survey of Children's Health. An autism spectrum disorder was defined as an affirmative response to the question, "Has a doctor or health professional ever told you that [child] has any of the following conditions? Autism?" There were 82 children with autism spectrum disorder in the sample, and 1955 children at high risk on the basis of the Parent's Evaluation of Developmental Status. We used chi(2) and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS. Ninety-seven percent of preschool-aged children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were cared for in community settings, particularly preschool and Head Start, with only 3% in exclusive parental care. Thirty-nine percent of the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder reported that child care problems had greatly affected their employment decisions, compared with 16% of the children at high risk and 9% of those who were typically developing. In multivariate analyses, families with a child with autism spectrum disorder were 7 times more likely to state that child care problems affected employment than other families, after controlling for household and child covariates. This effect was 3 times larger than the effect of poverty. CONCLUSIONS. 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Justin Kim, Hye-Sun Choi, Yun-Beom Scheiffele, Peter Bailey, Craig H. Kandel, Eric R. Kim, Joung-Hun TI Neuroligin-1 is required for normal expression of LTP and associative fear memory in the amygdala of adult animals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE synaptic plasticity; neuroligin; autism ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; ADHESION MOLECULE; LATERAL AMYGDALA; AUTISM; PLASTICITY; MODULATION; MUTATION; PATHWAY AB Neuroligin-1 is a potent trigger for the de novo formation of synaptic connections, and it has recently been suggested that it is required for the maturation of functionally competent excitatory synapses. Despite evidence for the role of neuroligin-1 in specifying excitatory synapses, the underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences that neuroligin-1 may have at mature synapses of normal adult animals remain unknown. By silencing endogenous neuroligin-1 acutely in the amygdala of live behaving animals, we have found that neuroligin-1 is required for the storage of associative fear memory. Subsequent cellular physiological studies showed that suppression of neuroligin-1 reduces NMDA receptor-mediated currents and prevents the expression of long-term potentiation without affecting basal synaptic connectivity at the thalamo-amygdala pathway. These results indicate that persistent expression of neuroligin-1 is required for the maintenance of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission, which enables normal development of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory in the amygdala of adult animals. C1 [Choi, Yun-Beom; Scheiffele, Peter; Bailey, Craig H.; Kandel, Eric R.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Kim, Juhyun; Jung, Sang-Yong; Park, Sangki; Kim, Joung-Hun] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 26 BP 9087 EP 9092 DI 10.1073/pnas.0803448105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 322DC UT WOS:000257354400052 PM 18579781 ER PT J AU Park, CC AF Park, Clara C. TI Growing up with autism: Working with school-age children and adolescents SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Park, Clara C.] Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Park, CC (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. CR GABRIELS RL, 2007, GROWING UP AUTISM WO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 818 EP 818 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.59.7.818 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 319YV UT WOS:000257201800029 ER PT J AU Schneider, T Roman, A Basta-Kaim, A Kubera, M Budziszewska, B Schneider, K Przewtocki, R AF Schneider, Tomasz Roman, Adam Basta-Kaim, Agnieszka Kubera, Marta Budziszewska, Bogustawa Schneider, Karolina Przewtocki, Ryszard TI Gender-specific behavioral and immunological alterations in an animal model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal model; autism; gender-specific; alterations; rats; valproic acid ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PITUITARY-ADRENAL HORMONES; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; ESTROUS-CYCLE; FEMALE RATS; BRAIN-STEM; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES AB Autism is a severe behavioral disorder characterized by pervasive impairments in social interactions, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotyped behaviors, with a four times higher incidence in boys than in girls. The core symptoms are frequently accompanied by a spectrum of neurobehavioral and immunological derangements, including: aberrant sensitivity to sensory stimulation, anxiety, and decreased cellular immune capacity. Recently, a new potential rodent model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA rats) has been proposed. In order to determine if gender has an influence on alterations observed in VPA rats, male and female rats have been evaluated in a battery of behavioral, immunological, and endocrinological tests. A plethora of aberrations has been found in male VPA rats: lower sensitivity to pain, increased repetitive/stereotypic-like activity, higher anxiety, decreased level of social interaction, increased basal level of corticosterone, decreased weight of the thymus, decreased splenocytes proliferative response to concanavaline A, lower IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio, and increased production of NO by peritoneal macrophages. Female VPA rats exhibited only increased repetitive/stereotypic-like activity and decreased IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio. Sexual dimorphism characteristics for measured parameters have been observed in both groups of animals, except social interaction in VPA rats. Our results confirm existence of similarities between the observed pattern of aberrations in VPA rats and features of disturbed behavior and immune function in autistic patients, and suggest that they are gender-specific, which is intriguing in light of disproportion in boys to girls ratio in autism. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schneider, Tomasz; Roman, Adam; Basta-Kaim, Agnieszka; Kubera, Marta; Budziszewska, Bogustawa; Schneider, Karolina; Przewtocki, Ryszard] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Pharmacol, PL-31343 Krakow, Poland. RP Schneider, T (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat P049, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Kingstone, Alan TI Social attention and real-world scenes: The roles of action, competition and social content SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EYE-MOVEMENTS; EARLY RECOGNITION; AUTISM; GAZE; PERCEPTION; INFANTS; SHIFTS; DIRECTION; CHILDREN; STIMULI AB The present study examined how social attention is influenced by social content and the presence of items that are available for attention. We monitored observers' eye movements while they freely viewed real-world social scenes containing either 1 or 3 people situated among a variety of objects. Building from the work of Yarbus (1965/1967) we hypothesized that observers would demonstrate a preferential bias to fixate the eyes of the people in the scene, although other items would also receive attention. In addition, we hypothesized that fixations to the eyes would increase as the social content (i.e., number of people) increased. Both hypotheses were supported by the data, and we also found that the level of activity in the scene influenced attention to eyes when social content was high. The present results provide support for the notion that the eyes are selected by others in order to extract social information. Our study also suggests a simple and surreptitious methodology for studying social attention to real-world stimuli in a range of populations, such as those with autism spectrum disorders. C1 [Birmingham, Elina] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bischof, Walter F.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Birmingham, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, 2136 W Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM ebirmingham2@yahoo.ca CR Behrmann M, 2006, TRENDS COGN SCI, V10, P258, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 Buswell G. 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TI The face of Autism research as reflected in the IMFAR looking glass SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Trends; Young children; Autism spectrum disorders; Pervasive developmental disorders AB Recent overviews of autism research have yielded it number of suggestions, including: additional research with very young, and with lower functioning samples, and renewed emphasis on appropriate comparison/control groups. We reviewed the abstracts from a major autism conference (IMFAR) from 2004 to 2006 to examine these trends. We found an increase in the proportion of studies with preschool or infant participants. However, there was a decrease in studies using lower functioning samples, and an increase in Studies using Mixed samples. The use of control groups generally decreased, and the use of cognitively impaired comparison groups remains low. We also found the use of the more generic term, ASD, versus DSM categories as sample descriptors increasing at IMFAR, The potential impact of these trends on limiting the generalizability of results is discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bebko, James M.; Schroeder, Jessica H.; Weiss, Jonathan A.; Wells, Kerry; McFee, Kristen; Goldstein, Gayle M.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Bebko, JM (reprint author), York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM bebkolab@yorku.ca CR Autism Spectrum Disorders, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO Fombonne E, 2005, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V18, P281, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00266.x *INT SOC AUT RES, 2004, INT M AUT RES PROGR *INT SOC AUT RES, 2006, INT M AUT RES PROGR *INT SOC AUT RES, 2005, INT M AUT RES PROGR La Malfa G, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P262, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00567.x Mottron L, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P19, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018070.88380.83 Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x WHAT ARE AUTISM SPEC NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.06.005 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900001 ER PT J AU Machalicek, W O'Reilly, MF Beretvas, N Sigafoos, J Lancioni, G Sorrells, A Lang, R Rispoli, M AF Machalicek, Wendy O'Reilly, Mark F. Beretvas, Natasha Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Guilio Sorrells, Audrey Lang, Russell Rispoli, Mandy TI A review of school-based instructional interventions for students with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Instruction; School; Autism spectrum disorders ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; COMMUNICATION-SKILLS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TEACHING-CHILDREN; GENERAL-EDUCATION; SELF-MANAGEMENT; PLAY SKILLS; PERSPECTIVE; BEHAVIORS AB This review evaluates school-based instructional research for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Electronic database searches identified 45 studies (n = 118 participants) published between 1995 and 2005. These studies were classified into five curricular areas: (a) academic skills, (b) communication skills, (c) functional life skills, (d) play, and (c) social skills. The results of the reviewed studies indicated effective instructional methods and several trends across curricular areas, Fewer than half of the studies (n = 20) assessed the generalization of skills to different setting,. and stimuli. A minority Of the studies (n = 19) assessed the maintenance of skills. Very few studies reported student characteristics, such as cultural background. Additionally, many studies (lid not address the social validity of instructional interventions or have used inadequate procedures to judge the perceptions of stakeholders. In light of these findings, several relevant areas for future research tire proposed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Machalicek, Wendy; O'Reilly, Mark F.; Beretvas, Natasha; Sorrells, Audrey; Lang, Russell; Rispoli, Mandy] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sigafoos, Jeff] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Lancioni, Guilio] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 395 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.07.001 PG 22 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900002 ER PT J AU Schoen, SA Miller, LJ Brett-Green, B Hepburn, SL AF Schoen, Sarah A. Miller, Lucy Jane Brett-Green, Barbara Hepburn, Susan L. TI Psychophysiology of children with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Psychophysiology; Sensory processing; Asperger Syndrome; High functioning autism ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY; SENSORY-MODULATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AUTONOMIC RESPONSES; ORIENTING RESPONSE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; VISUAL-STIMULI; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB This study (1) explored the feasibility Of using electrodermal activity (EDA) to characterize the arousal and sensory reactivity of children with high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's Syndrome (AS), (2) determined the reliability of electrodermal measures and (3) described the variability of EDA in this sample, Forty children with HFA and AS participated. All participants received a diagnostic psychological assessment and a physiological evaluation. Fourteen participated in the retest study on the physiological measures. Results indicated psychophysiologic testing was feasible with this sample. Seventy-three percent of the variables had reliability coefficients greater than .33, with a median variable reliability of .45. No significant differences were detected between HFA and AS groups, Visual inspection of skin conductance level (SCL) suggested two patterns: (1) high SCL (high arousal), with higher EDA magnitudes, faster latencies and slower habituation and (2) low SCL (low arousal), with lower EDA magnitudes, slower latencies and faster habituation, The presence of two EDA patterns applied equally when medications were eliminated. The previous inconsistency in studies of EDA in children with HFA and AS may be due to the presence of a high arousal groups and a low arousal group. Hence, this population should not be assumed to be homogeneous. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schoen, Sarah A.; Miller, Lucy Jane; Brett-Green, Barbara] SPD Fdn, Greenwood Village, CO USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.002 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900003 ER PT J AU Angermeier, K Schlosser, RW Luiselli, JK Harrington, C Carter, B AF Angermeier, Katie Schlosser, Ralf W. Luiselli, James K. Harrington, Caroline Carter, Beth TI Effects of iconicity on requesting with the Picture Exchange Communication System in children with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Augmentative and alternative communication; Autism spectrum disorders; Iconicity; Picture Exchange Communication System; Requesting; Symbol selection ID ACQUISITION; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSPARENCY; PRESCHOOLERS; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS AB Research on graphic symbol learning suggests that symbols with a greater visual resemblance to their referents (greater iconicity) are more easily learned. The iconicity hypothesis has not yet been explored within the intervention protocol of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Within the PECS protocol, participants do not point to a symbol but exchange the symbol for an object. The purpose of this study was to examine whether children learn to request more readily with PECS when the symbols involved are highly iconic versus symbols that are low in iconicity. An adapted alternating treatments design combined with a multiple baseline design across subjects was used to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of symbol learning under two conditions: high iconicity and low iconicity. Four students with A autism or pervasive developmental disorders between the ages of six and nine years participated. Results indicated that students learned to request desired objects under both conditions, lending further support for the effectiveness of PECS. There was little to no difference, however, in the effectiveness and efficiency of requesting between the two conditions during Phases I and II of PECS training. Thus learners do not benefit A from symbols that bear more resemblance with their referents during the first two phases of PECS instruction. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schlosser, Ralf W.; Carter, Beth] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Schlosser, RW (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM r.schlosser@neu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Beukelman D., 2005, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3rd BLOOMBERG K, 1990, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V33, P717 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Frost L. 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W., 2002, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V18, P102, DOI 10.1080/07434610212331281201 Schlosser R. W., 2002, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V18, P36, DOI 10.1080/714043395 Sevcik R. A., 1991, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V7, P161, DOI 10.1080/0963828050077804 Sigafoos J, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P71, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.002 Sindelar P. T., 1985, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V8, P67 Son Seung-Hyun, 2006, Pediatr Rehabil, V9, P389, DOI 10.1080/13638490500519984 Tincani M., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P152, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190030301 Yoder P, 2006, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V74, P426, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.74.3.426 Yoder P, 2006, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V49, P698, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/051) NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.004 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900004 ER PT J AU Wallace, GL Happe, F AF Wallace, Gregory L. Happe, Francesca TI Time perception in autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger disorder; Temporal cognition; Duration judgment; Perception; Time perception ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; CHILDREN; ADHD; MEMORY; SAVANT; ADULTS; REPRODUCTION AB Duration judgment has not been comprehensively examined in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), despite reports of perceptual idiosyncrasies in these individuals. Time estimation, production, and reproduction were tested in 25 individuals with ASD and 25 controls matched group-wise on age and IQ. Individuals with ASD performed comparably to matched controls in time estimation and production, but showed a tendency to outperform controls oil a task of time reproduction, Time perception of large units is intact for children and adolescents with ASD. Time reproduction may represent a cognitive asset in ASD, likely reflecting strengths in eidetic-type imagery in which a pure recording of a stimulus is less affected by top-down modulation. published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wallace, Gregory L.; Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Wallace, GL (reprint author), NIMH, Lab Brain & Cognit, 10 Ctr Dr,Room 4C104,MSC 1366, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gregwallace@mail.nih.gov RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Barkley RA, 2001, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V15, P351, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.15.3.351 Barkley RA, 2001, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V29, P541, DOI 10.1023/A:1012233310098 Barkley RA, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V121, P65, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 Bonnel A, 2003, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V15, P226, DOI 10.1162/089892903321208169 Dakin S, 2005, NEURON, V48, P497, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.018 GOLOMBOK S, 1992, MANUAL WECHSLER INTE Happe F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P5, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 Happe F, 2006, BRAIN COGNITION, V61, P25, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2006.03.004 Heaton P, 1998, MUSIC PERCEPT, V15, P291 Heaton P, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P899, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00284.x HEAVEY L, 2003, DEV ARITHMETIC CONCE HORNSTEI.AD, 1969, J EXP PSYCHOL, V79, P561, DOI 10.1037/h0026870 KANNER L, 1951, AM J PSYCHIAT, V108, P23 Kerns KA, 2001, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V7, P21, DOI 10.1076/chin.7.1.21.3149 KOWALSKA J, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P947 Barkley R A, 1997, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, V3, P359 Miller L., 1989, MUSICAL SAVANTS EXCE Minshew NJ, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P45, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-1030-x Mottron L, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P27, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 Mottron L, 1998, MEMORY, V6, P593 O'Riordan M, 2001, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V54, P961, DOI 10.1080/02724980042000543 Ozonoff S, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P59, DOI 10.1023/A:1025821222046 Plaisted K, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P765, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002601 Plaisted KC, 2001, DEVELOPMENT OF AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH, P149 Sattler J.M., 1992, ASSESSMENT CHILDREN Smith A, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P529, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00043 Sonuga-Barke EJS, 1998, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V94, P45, DOI 10.1016/S0166-4328(97)00168-X SPITZ HH, 1973, AM J MENT DEF, V77, P757 Szelag E, 2004, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V95, P269, DOI 10.1348/0007126041528167 Toichi M, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V40, P964, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00163-4 Treffert DA, 2002, SCI AM, V286, P76 West J, 2000, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V6, P241, DOI 10.1076/chin.6.4.241.3140 ZAKAY D, 1992, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V54, P355, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(92)90025-2 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.005 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900005 ER PT J AU Perra, O Williams, JHG Whiten, A Fraser, L Benzie, H Perrett, DI AF Perra, Oliver Williams, Justin H. G. Whiten, Andrew Fraser, Lesley Benzie, Helen Perrett, David I. TI Imitation and 'theory of mind' competencies in discrimination of autism from other neurodevelopmental disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Imitation; Autistic Spectrum Disorder; Theory of mind; Discriminant function analysis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; STANDARD AB Several studies have reported imitative deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still debated if imitative deficits are specific to ASD or shared with clinical groups with similar mental impairment and motor difficulties. We investigated whether imitative tasks can be used to discriminate ASD children from typically developing children (TD) and children with general developmental delay (GDD). We applied discriminant function analyses to the performance of these groups on three imitation tasks and tests of dexterity, motor planning, verbal skills, theory of mind (ToM). Analyses revealed two significant dimensions. The first represented impairment of dexterity and verbal ability, and discriminated TD from GDD children. Once these differences were accounted for, differences in ToM and the three imitation tasks accounted for a significant proportion of the remaining intergroup variance and discriminated the ASD group from other groups. Further analyses revealed that inclusion of imitative tasks increased the specificity and sensitivity of ASD classification and that imitative tasks considered alone were able to reliably discriminate ASD, TD and GDD. The results suggest that imitation and theory of mind impairment in autism may stem from a common domain of origin separate from general cognitive and motor skill. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perra, Oliver] Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Williams, Justin H. G.; Benzie, Helen] Univ Aberdeen, Royal Aberdeen Childrens Hosp, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. [Whiten, Andrew; Fraser, Lesley; Perrett, David I.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. RP Perra, O (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Tower Block, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 456 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.007 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900006 ER PT J AU Cunningham, AB Schreibman, L AF Cunningham, Allison B. Schreibman, Laura TI Stereotypy in autism: The importance of function SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Stereotypy; Self-stimulatory behavior; Functional analysis; Treatment ID SELF-STIMULATORY-BEHAVIOR; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; MATCHED STIMULATION; SENSORY EXTINCTION; CHILDREN; REINFORCEMENT; OVERCORRECTION; ANNOTATION; PREDICTORS AB We argue for the utility of a functional definition of stereotypy based on evidence of both sensory automatic and socially mediated reinforcement contingencies in the occurrence of stereotypy in children with autism. A predetermined sensory function of stereotypy is often invoked in the behavioral literature and the term "self-stimulatory behavior" is commonly misused as interchangeable with "stereotypy." We discuss evidence for a variety of potential functional properties of stereotypy. Diagnostic definitions are reviewed and support for both sensory and social functions is outlined, We argue that stereotypies should be described and categorized according to their function, rather than form. Furthermore, treatment decisions should lie based on a functional interpretation of stereotypy, which acknowledges its operant and heterogeneous quality in autism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cunningham, Allison B.; Schreibman, Laura] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cunningham, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0109, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM abcunnin@ucsd.edu CR Ahearn WH, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P247, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.36-04 Ahearn WH, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P439, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-439 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855 Britton LN, 2002, BEHAV INTERVENT, V17, P93, DOI 10.1002/bin.110 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CHARLOP MH, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-111 CHARLOP MH, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-163 DURAND VM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 EPSTEIN LJ, 1985, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V13, P281, DOI 10.1007/BF00910648 FOXX RM, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-1 GOH HL, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P269, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-269 Hanley GP, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-285 HARRIS SL, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P185, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-185 IWATA BA, 1982, ANAL INTERVEN DEVEL, V2, P3, DOI 10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9 Kennedy CH, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P559, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-559 KOEGEL RL, 1972, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V5, P381, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-381 KOEGEL RL, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P521, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-521 Lovaas O. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.09.006 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900007 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Krantz, PJ McClannahan, LE Poulson, CL AF Brown, John L. Krantz, Patricia J. McClannahan, Lynn E. Poulson, Claire L. TI Using script fading to promote natural environment stimulus control of verbal interactions among youths with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Script fading; Natural environments; Stimulus control; Conversation ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION SKILLS; TEACHING-CHILDREN AB Script fading was used to teach three youths with autism to initiate and sustain verbal interactions under stimulus control consistent with the natural environment. The youths learned to engage in verbal interactions during simulated shopping trips and during visits to community stores. The effectiveness of script fading was examined using a multiple-baseline-across-settings experimental design. During pre-test trips to community stores and during baseline sessions, all three youths demonstrated near zero rates of verbal interactions. With the introduction of the script-fading procedure, all three youths successfully learned to use the scripted statements in conversations during a series of simulated shopping trips. As the scripts were faded, from last word to first word, rates of unscripted statements systematically increased. All three participants also demonstrated generalization of their newly acquired conversation skills to untrained stimuli. In addition, all three youths demonstrated generalization of their conversation skills during community shopping trips to local retail stores. These results suggest that the script-fading procedure brought verbal interactions under the stimulus control of environmental, as opposed to teacher-controlled stimuli. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, John L.; Krantz, Patricia J.; McClannahan, Lynn E.] Princeton Child Dev Inst, Princeton, NJ USA. [Brown, John L.; Poulson, Claire L.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Brown, John L.; Poulson, Claire L.] CUNY Queens Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), REED Acad, 85 Summit Ave, Garfield, NJ 07026 USA. EM johnlloydbrown@yahoo.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 CARR EG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P297, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-297 Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Halle J. 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E., 1999, ACTIVITY SCHEDULES C MCCLANNAHAN LE, 1997, ENV BEHAV ROUSSEAU MK, 1994, RES DEV DISABIL, V15, P19, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(94)90036-1 Sarokoff RA, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P81, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-81 SIGAFOOS J, 1993, STRATEGIES TEACHING Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Stevenson CL, 2000, BEHAV INTERVENT, V15, P1, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(200001/03)15:1<1::AID-BIN41>3.0.CO;2-V STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 STONE WL, 1990, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P437, DOI 10.1007/BF02216051 YOUNG JM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P685, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-685 ZANOLLI K, 1997, ENV BEHAV NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 480 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.08.006 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900008 ER PT J AU Ludlow, AK Wilkins, AJ Heaton, P AF Ludlow, A. K. Wilkins, A. J. Heaton, P. TI Colored overlays enhance visual perceptual performance in children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Visual stress; Color filters; Magnocellular deficits; Cortical hyperexcitability ID MEARES-IRLEN-SYNDROME; MIGRAINE; DYSLEXIA; FILTERS; SENSITIVITY; CLASSROOM; TARGETS; READ AB Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), together with controls matched for age and ability participated in three experiments that assessed the therapeutic benefit of colored overlays. The findings from the first experiment showed that a significantly greater proportion of children with ASD, than controls, increased reading speed when using a colored overlay. This finding was replicated in the second experiment which also showed that therapeutic benefits were only observed when participants were instructed to select colors that improved textual clarity and not when colors were selected on the basis simply of preference. In the final experiment, children were required to discriminate between pictorially presented objects with and without overlays self-selected for improvements in clarity. Participants with ASD, both with and without concurrent intellectual impairment, showed significant gains in performance when using an overlay. The beneficial effects of color overlays and the implications of these results for current neuropsychological models of ASD are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ludlow, A. 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J., 2001, J RES READ, V181, P10 Williams Donna, 1999, COLOR BLIND Williams M C, 1992, J Am Optom Assoc, V63, P411 WRIGHT BN, J NEUROLOGY IN PRESS NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 498 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.10.001 PG 18 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900009 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Gonzalez, ML Wilkins, J Rivet, TT AF Matson, Johnny L. Gonzalez, Melissa L. Wilkins, Jonathan Rivet, Tessa T. TI Reliability of the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic For Children (ASD-DC) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's Syndrome; PDD-NOS; Autism; Test; ASD-DC ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; OF-THE-LITERATURE; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; ISSUES; SKILLS AB The reliability of a new scale to assess Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PI)D-NOS), and Asperger's Disorder in children was examined. Parents or other caregivers rated symptoms of 207 children between 2 and 16 years of age. The scale, which had 40 items in the final version, correlated highly with DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria and proved to have good inter-rater reliability and, excellent test-retest, and internal consistency reliability. 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Treadwell-Deering, Diane TI Parental reports on the prevalence of co-occurring intellectual disability among children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Mental retardation; Cognition; IQ; Diagnosis; Assessment; PDD-NOS ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DISCLOSURE; DIAGNOSIS; COMMUNICATION; DETERMINANTS; SATISFACTION; STABILITY; LEVEL AB Limited evidence suggests that the prevalence of mental retardation (MR) - now called "intellectual disability" (ID) - in ASD ranges between 25.8% and 58.5%, with co-occurrence in 66-70% of children who meet strict criteria for autism. However, parents and professionals differ significantly in their understanding of or opinions about intellectual functioning among children with ASD. The current study analyzed archival data to calculate the prevalence of parent-reported MR among children with ASD (N = 498). Collectively, 9.2% of families affirmed MR; when analyzed by type of ASD, the rates for those with autism and PDD-NOS were 12.6% and 7.3%, respectively. A variety of explanations for these low rates are posited alongside implications for clinical practice and families' receipt of services. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goin-Kochel, Robin P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Peters, Sarika U.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Treadwell-Deering, Diane] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Goin-Kochel, RP (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, 6621 Fannin St,CC1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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TI Positive behavioral and electrophysiological changes following neurofeedback training in children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Mu rhythm; Mirror neurons; Imitation; TOVA; ATEC ID MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; INFERIOR FRONTAL-CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MU-RHYTHM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; ACTION RECOGNITION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; PREMOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR IMAGERY AB Two electrophysiological studies tested the hypothesis that operant conditioning of mu rhythms via neuro-feedback training can renormalize mu suppression,an index of mirror neuron activity, and improve behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In Study 1, eight high-functioning ASD participants were assigned to placebo or experimental groups before 10 weeks of training of the mu frequency band (8-13 Hz). Following training, experimental participants showed decreased mu power and coherence, increased sustained attention ability, and improved scores on subscales of the ATEC compared to the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in imitation ability. In Study 2, 19 high-functioning ASD children underwent a similar procedure with verified diagnoses, a modified double-blind protocol, and training of the high mu band (10-13 Hz). The results showed decreases in amplitude but increases in phase coherence in mu rhythms and normalization of mu rhythm suppression in experimental participants compared to placebo. Furthermore, like Study 1, participants showed improvements in sustained attention and in ATEC scores but no improvements in imitation following training. This suggests that training of the mu rhythm can be effective in producing changes in EEG and behavior in high-functioning ASD children, but does not affect imitation behavior per se. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 557 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.12.003 PG 25 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DK UT WOS:000263413900013 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Dempsey, T LoVullo, SV Wilkins, J AF Matson, Johnny L. Dempsey, Timothy LoVullo, Santino V. Wilkins, Jonathan TI The effects of intellectual functioning on the range of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE IQ; adults; behavioral characteristics ID SEVERE RETARDATION MESSIER; OF-THE-LITERATURE; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; SOCIAL-SKILLS; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MATSON EVALUATION; AGE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a class of conditions categorized by communication problems, ritualistic behaviors, and inappropriate social behaviors. While there is much evidence to support a genetic link for ASD, an identified genetic marker remains elusive. As such, practitioners place considerable emphasis on traditional measures of intelligence and adaptive behavior to aid in diagnosis. Despite the fact that these measures are commonplace, little research has been conducted to shed light on whether deficits in intellectual functioning affect the range of core symptoms for ASD. This study represents a first attempt to determine whether level of IQ has an effect on the expression of ASD symptoms in adults with intellectual disability (ID). Three hundred and six adults, 151 with both ASD and ID and 155 with ID alone, were evaluated with respect to the nature and extent of their ASD symptoms and intellectual functioning. Individuals with autism displayed a higher number of symptoms than those with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) on all three domains of impairment (social, communication, repetitive behaviors). As expected, persons with ID alone evinced far fewer symptoms than both these groups. IQ level was found to be a moderator for expression of ASD symptoms for the entire sample but not for the autism group. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.06.006 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 314OU UT WOS:000256819500005 PM 17646082 ER PT J AU Alvarez, LAV Cruz, LP Thompson, GG Olvera, FD AF Vargas Alvarez, Luis Alberto Cruz, Lino Palacios Thompson, Guillermo Gonzalez Olvera, Francisco de la Pena TI Obsessive-compulsive in child and adolescents: An update. Part two SO SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Article DE obsessive-compulsive disorder; children and adolescents; comorbidity; assessment; treatment ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BIPOLAR COMORBIDITY; REFERRED CHILDREN; DOUBLE-BLIND; MULTICENTER; FLUOXETINE; FAMILY; ONSET AB During the last years obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been reported with increased prevalence in pediatric population; this is due to the development of more specific assessment methods. This evolution in the evaluation tools has given rise to the possibility of characterizing OCD presentation in children and adolescents. In childhood, OCD is a chronic and distressing disorder that can lead to severe impairments in social, academic and family functioning. Current diagnosis criteria for pediatric OCD are the same than those used in adults. During all life span, obsessive and compulsive symptoms are necessary to establish the presence of the disorder. There are several different clinical manifestations among age groups, different evolution among children, adolescents and adults; all these represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Several classifications incorporate pediatric OCD, especially those related to the familiar presentation form and patterns of comorbidity, mainly with tics disorders. At least 50% of children and adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome develop obsessive-compulsive symptoms or OCD in adulthood and almost a half of early-onset OCD subjects have a tics history. These findings support the notion that tics disorders are the comorbidity more closely related with early-onset OCD, giving elements to consider this association as a specific pediatric OCD subtype. In this age group population, comorbidity has been reported as high as in adulthood; some diagnoses are especially prevalent during childhood and others during adolescence. On the whole, anxiety disorders are frequent with OCD, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attack, social phobia and anxiety separation disorder. Comorbidity related with affective disorders is high too. The OCD association with major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood is low but increases in adolescence; MDD reaches similar adult comorbidity rates in adolescence. Higher comorbidity prevalence of MDD has been found more related to the duration of OCD-illness than early-onset. Bipolar disorder (BD) is another frequent comorbid entity with great clinical relevance. When BD is the main diagnosis, comorbidity with OCD shows a prevalence of 16%; when OCD is the main diagnosis, comorbidity with BID shows a prevalence of 44%, showing an unidirectional relation. Some studies have shown even higher comorbidity prevalence of BD when considering bipolar spectra dimension as hypomania and cyclothymic disorder (30% and 50%, respectively) in OCD samples. Adults with OCD and BD comorbidity have more frequent episodic form, a greater number of concurrent mayor depressive episodes and a higher rate of religious or sexual obsessions. Adults with OCD without BID comorbidity show more rituals and compulsions. A recent study in pediatric population with BD and OCD found that BD type II was the must common related diagnosis, when age was considered, subjects with bipolar disorder resulted to have an earlier onset of OCD. Other comorbid diagnoses frequently reported in this early-onset OCD population are externalizing disorders as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Children and adolescents with OCD have high rates of commorbid ADHD; this co-occurrence seems to be bidirectional. There is a consistent preponderance of males in most epidemiological studies. The onset of ADHD preceded the onset of OCD and the onset of OCD was earlier when ADHD was comorbid. Children with OCD plus ADHD compared with peers with OCD without ADHD show higher attentional and social problems, as well as aggressive high scores. ADHD is a risk factor for ODD. A valid and reliable clinical interview is needed to establish differential diagnosis among OCD and other compulsive behaviors and intrusive thoughts present in disorders like anorexia nervosa, body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondrias, tics disorders and impulse control disorders. All these categories have been considered as part of the obsessive-compulsive disorders spectrum. It is important to establish the difference between obsessions with poor insight common in early-onset OCD and overvalued ideas or delusions. Pervasive disorders as autism and Asperger syndrome frequently show stereotyped behaviors which may be considered as obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The diagnostic evaluation of children and adolescents with OCD includes a careful assessment and review of current and post obsessive-compulsive symptoms and comorbid conditions. This evaluation requires interviewing both child/adolescent and parents and usually requires more than one session. For children who do not regard their symptoms as excessive, information from parents, and if possible from teachers, is essential to identify the range of symptoms, severity and context. Many children and adolescents feel confused and embarrassed with their symptoms. It is important to dedicate time to build a true clinical alliance to elicit the story of their symptoms, as well as the impact on a child's thoughts and feelings. There are several useful instruments to establish OCD diagnosis and severity in children and adolescents. Self-report questionnaires have been used to identify the presence and severity of OCD symptoms. The most used self-rated measures for pediatric OCD are the 44-item Leyton Obsession Inventory-Child version (LOI-CV) and its shorter version, the 20-itern LOI-CV Survey Form, and the Maudsley Obsession-Compulsion Inventory (MOCI). Clinician-administered interviews may be a more reliable method to identify obsessive-compulsive disorders in youth. The Childs Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) is a commonly used Clinician-Rated measure of OCD symptoms derived from the Adult Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. CY-BOCS Spanish version was translated in Mexico and as the original version it must be applied to parents and children/adolescents separately; the clinician establishes then the best clinical information with all the data. The initial CY-BOCS section consists of a symptom checklist covering a comprehensive array of obsessions and compulsions. The severity score is derived from the second section of the measure in which global rating of time spent, interference, distress, resistance and control associated with obsessions and compulsions are generated. Separate scores are obtained for obsessions and compulsions, which, when combined, yield a total severity score of a maximum 40 points. Scores greater than or equal to 16 indicate clinically significant OCD in children and adolescents. The knowledge we now have about pediatric OCD pharmacotherapy is better. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of clorimipramine. This was the first agent approved for use in pediatric populations with OCD. Subsequent multisite randomized, placebo-controlled trials of selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also demonstrated significant efficacy in pediatric population. Almost all meta-analysis with SSRIs studies in children and adolescents with OCD have proved their efficacy. The most common adverse effects of SSRIs are nausea, insomnia, activation and headache. These effects are transient and most children tolerate them. The availability and effectiveness of SSRI have changed dramatically the OCD treatment, and neurobiological and neuroimaging advances have supported their use. Many children and adolescents with OCD need multiple treatments including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), pharmacologic treatment, parental, family and teachers training. These interventions need to be applied by experts in order to be effective. CBT is a well-documented and effective intervention for adults with OCD. The potential usefulness of CBT for pediatric OCD has been valued and the results report that combined CBT and pharmacotherapy have proved high and sustained response in children and adolescents with OCD. C1 [Vargas Alvarez, Luis Alberto] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Clin Trastornos Obsesivos Compulsivos, Direcc Serv Clin, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Cruz, Lino Palacios; Thompson, Guillermo Gonzalez] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Clin Adolescencia, Direcc Serv Clin, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. [Olvera, Francisco de la Pena] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Dept Fomento Invest, Direcc Serv Clin, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Alvarez, LAV (reprint author), Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Clin Adolescencia, Direcc Serv Clin, Calz Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City 14370, DF, Mexico. 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 349IY UT WOS:000259275700005 ER PT J AU Pinkham, AE Hopfinger, JB Ruparel, K Penn, DL AF Pinkham, Amy E. Hopfinger, Joseph B. Ruparel, Kosha Penn, David L. TI An investigation of the relationship between activation of a social cognitive neural network and social functioning SO SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; paranoia; amygdala; fusiform; gyrus; trustworthiness; fMRI ID PERSECUTORY DELUSIONS; FACE PERCEPTION; HUMAN AMYGDALA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; BRAIN; RECOGNITION; COMPETENCE; RESPONSES; FEAR AB Previous work examining the neurobiological substrates of social cognition in healthy individuals has reported modulation of a social cognitive network such that increased activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus are evident when individuals judge a face to be untrustworthy as compared with trustworthy. We examined whether this pattern would be present in individuals with schizophrenia who are known to show reduced activation within these same neural regions when processing faces. Additionally, we sought to determine how modulation of this social cognitive network may relate to social functioning. Neural activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging with blood oxygenation level dependent contrast in 3 groups of individuals-nonparanoid individuals with schizophrenia, paranoid individuals with schizophrenia, and healthy controls-while they rated faces as either trustworthy or untrustworthy. Analyses of mean percent signal change extracted from a priori regions of interest demonstrated that both controls and nonparanoid individuals with schizophrenia showed greater activation of this social cognitive network when they rated a face as untrustworthy relative to trustworthy. In contrast, paranoid individuals did not show a significant difference in levels of activation based on how they rated faces. Further, greater activation of this social cognitive network to untrustworthy faces was significantly and positively correlated with social functioning. These findings indicate that impaired modulation of neural activity while processing social stimuli may underlie deficits in social cognition and social dysfunction in schizophrenia. C1 [Pinkham, Amy E.; Ruparel, Kosha] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Brain Behav Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hopfinger, Joseph B.; Penn, David L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Penn, David L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Pinkham, AE (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Brain Behav Lab, 10th Floor,Gates Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Bull. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 688 EP 697 DI 10.1093/schbul/sbn031 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 323AV UT WOS:000257417300015 PM 18477583 ER PT J AU Enticott, PG Hoy, KE Herring, SE Johnston, PJ Daskalakis, ZJ Fitzgerald, PB AF Enticott, Peter G. Hoy, Kate E. Herring, Sally E. Johnston, Patrick J. Daskalakis, Zafiris J. Fitzgerald, Paul B. TI Reduced motor facilitation during action observation in schizophrenia: A mirror neuron deficit? SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; social cognition; mirror neurons; transcranial magnetic stimulation; primary motor cortex; premotor cortex ID TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; CORTICAL INHIBITION; CORTEX; EXCITABILITY; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; RESPONSES AB impairments in social cognitive functioning are well documented in schizophrenia, however the neural basis of these deficits is unclear. A recent explanatory model of social cognition centers upon the activity of mirror neurons, which are cortical brain cells that become active during both the performance and observation of behavior. Here, we test for the first time whether mirror neuron functioning is reduced in schizophrenia. Fifteen individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and fifteen healthy controls completed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiment designed to assess mirror neuron activation. While patients demonstrated no abnormalities in cortical excitability, motor facilitation during action observation, putatively reflecting mirror neuron activity, was reduced in schizophrenia. Dysfunction within the mirror neuron system may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Enticott, Peter G.; Hoy, Kate E.; Herring, Sally E.; Fitzgerald, Paul B.] The Alfred, Alfred Psychiat Res Ctr, Sch Psychol Psychiat & Psychol Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Enticott, Peter G.; Hoy, Kate E.; Herring, Sally E.; Fitzgerald, Paul B.] Monash Univ, Alfred Psychiat Res Ctr, Sch Psychol Psychiat & Psychol Med, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Johnston, Patrick J.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Brain Sci Inst, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Daskalakis, Zafiris J.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Enticott, PG (reprint author), The Alfred, Alfred Psychiat Res Ctr, Sch Psychol Psychiat & Psychol Med, Level 1,Old Baker Bldg, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. 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Postmortem brain tissues from Brodmann's Area 40 (BA40, parietal cortex), Brodmann's Area 9 (BA9, superior frontal cortex), and cerebella of subjects with autism and matched controls were subject to SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Connexin 43 expression was increased significantly in BA9. Aquaporin 4 expression was decreased significantly in cerebellum. These data suggest that changes are apparent in markers for abnormal glial-neuronal communication (connexin 43 and aquaporin 4) in brains of subjects with autism. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.; Reutiman, Teri J.; Lee, Susanne] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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Blaha, Charles D. TI Cerebellar modulation of frontal cortex dopamine efflux in mice: Relevance to autism and schizophrenia SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; dentate nucleus; prefrontal cortex; amperometry; lurcher mice ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; RAT NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; MOUSE MODEL SYSTEM; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; IN-VIVO; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEEP CEREBELLAR; STIMULATION; PURKINJE AB Cerebellar and frontal cortical pathologies have been commonly reported in schizophrenia, autism, and other developmental disorders. Whether there is a relationship between prefrontal and cerebellar pathologies is unknown. Using fixed potential amperometry, dopamine (DA) efflux evoked by cerebellar or, dentate nucleus electrical stimulation (50 Hz, 200 mu A) was recorded in prefrontal cortex of urethane anesthetized lurcher (Lc/+) mice with 100% loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and wildtype (+/+) control mice. Cerebellar stimulation with 25 and 100 pulses evoked prefrontal cortex DA efflux in +/+ mice that persisted for 12 and 25 s poststimulation, respectively. In contrast, 25 pulse cerebellar stimulation failed to evoke prefrontal cortex DA efflux in Lc/+ mice indicating a dependency on cerebellar Purkinje cell outputs. Dentate nucleus stimulation (25 pulses) evoked a comparable but briefer (baseline recovery within 7 s) increase in prefrontal cortex DA efflux compared to similar cerebellar stimulation in +/+ mice. However, in Lc/+ mice 25 pulse dentate nucleus evoked prefrontal cortex DA efflux was attenuated by 60% with baseline recovery within 4 s suggesting that dentate nucleus outputs to prefrontal cortex remain partially functional. DA reuptake blockade enhanced 100 pulse stimulation evoked prefrontal cortex responses, while serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake blockade were without effect indicating the specificity of the amperometric recordings to DA. 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PD JUL PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 356WW UT WOS:000259809300010 ER PT J AU Nakahachi, T Yamashita, K Iwase, M Ishigami, W Tanaka, C Toyonaga, K Maeda, S Hirotsune, H Tei, Y Yokoi, K Okajima, S Shirnizu, A Takeda, M AF Nakahachi, Takayuki Yamashita, Ko Iwase, Masao Ishigami, Wataru Tanaka, Chitaru Toyonaga, Koji Maeda, Shizuyo Hirotsune, Hideto Tei, Yosyo Yokoi, Koichi Okajima, Shoji Shirnizu, Akira Takeda, Masatoshi TI Disturbed holistic processing in autism spectrum disorders verified by two cognitive tasks requiring perception of complex visual stimuli SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; Asperger's disorder; central coherence; visual perception; memory; facial inversion effect; Thatcher's illusion ID HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; CENTRAL COHERENCE THEORY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; HUMAN FUSIFORM GYRUS; UPSIDE-DOWN FACES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; DISCRIMINATION; INVERSION AB Central coherence is a key concept in research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It refers to the process in which diverse information is integrated and higher meaning is constructed in context. A malfunction in this process could result in abnormal attention to partial information in preference to the whole. To verify this hypothesis, we studied the performance of two visual tasks by 10 patients with autistic disorder or Asperger's disorder and by 26 (experiment 1) or 25 (experiment 2) normal subjects. In experiment 1, the subjects memorized pictures, some pictures with a change related to the main theme (D1) and others with a change not related to the main theme (D2); then the same pictures were randomly presented to the subjects who were asked to find the change. In experiment 2, the subjects were presented pictures of a normal (N) or a Thatcherized (T) face arranged side by side inversely (I) or uprightly (U) and to judge them as the same or different. In experiment 1, ASD subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of correct responses in D1 but not in D2. In experiment 2, ASD subjects exhibited significantly longer response times in NT-U but not in TN-I. These results showed a deficit in holistic processing, which is consistent with weak central coherence in ASD. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nakahachi, Takayuki; Yamashita, Ko; Iwase, Masao; Hirotsune, Hideto; Takeda, Masatoshi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Ishigami, Wataru] Osakafu Eiseikai Clin, Osaka, Japan. [Tanaka, Chitaru] Tanaka Mental Clin, Osaka, Japan. [Toyonaga, Koji; Maeda, Shizuyo; Tei, Yosyo] Osaka City Gen Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescence Psychiat, Osaka, Japan. [Okajima, Shoji] Mizuma Hosp, Osaka, Japan. RP Nakahachi, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 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To explore the possibility that structural variants in the neurexin alpha genes predispose to autism, the coding regions and associated splice junctions of the neurexin 1 alpha gene were sequenced in 116 Caucasian patients with autism and 192 Caucasian controls. Five ultra-rare structural variants including a predicted splicing mutation were found in patients with autism and absent in 10,000 control alleles. Only one ultra-rare structural variant was found in controls (5/116 vs. 1/192; P= 0.03, Fisher's exact test, one-sided). In the context of all available data, the ultra-rare structural variants of the neurexin 1 alpha gene are consistent with mutations predisposing to autism. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Yan, Jin; Noltner, Katie; Feng, Jinong; Li, Wenyan; Sommer, Steve S.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Zeng, Wenqi; Sommer, Steve S.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Diag, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. 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Neurosci. PD JUN 25 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 26 BP 6607 EP 6615 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4572-07.2008 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 318RW UT WOS:000257110800008 PM 18579733 ER PT J AU Donaldson, ZR Kondrashov, FA Putnam, A Bai, Y Stoinski, TL Hammock, EAD Young, LJ AF Donaldson, Zoe R. Kondrashov, Fyodor A. Putnam, Andrea Bai, Yaohui Stoinski, Tara L. Hammock, Elizabeth A. D. Young, Larry J. TI Evolution of a behavior-linked microsatellite-containing element in the 5 ' flanking region of the primate AVPR1A gene SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PROMOTER REGION; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MESSENGER-RNA; DNA-SEQUENCES; V-1A RECEPTOR; VASOPRESSIN; AUTISM; ASSOCIATION AB Background: The arginine vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) modulates social cognition and behavior in a wide variety of species. Variation in a repetitive microsatellite element in the 5' flanking region of the V1aR gene (AVPR1A) in rodents has been associated with variation in brain V1aR expression and in social behavior. In humans, the 5' flanking region of AVPR1A contains a tandem duplication of two similar to 350 bp, microsatellite-containing elements located approximately 3.5 kb upstream of the transcription start site. The first block, referred to as DupA, contains a polymorphic (GT)(25) microsatellite; the second block, DupB, has a complex (CT)(4)-(TT)-(CT)(8)-(GT)(24) polymorphic motif, known as RS3. Polymorphisms in RS3 have been associated with variation in sociobehavioral traits in humans, including autism spectrum disorders. Thus, evolution of these regions may have contributed to variation in social behavior in primates. We examined the structure of these regions in six ape, six monkey, and one prosimian species. Results: Both tandem repeat blocks are present upstream of the AVPR1A coding region in five of the ape species we investigated, while monkeys have only one copy of this region. As in humans, the microsatellites within DupA and DupB are polymorphic in many primate species. Furthermore, both single (lacking DupB) and duplicated alleles (containing both DupA and DupB) are present in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations with allele frequencies of 0.795 and 0.205 for the single and duplicated alleles, respectively, based on the analysis of 47 wild-caught individuals. Finally, a phylogenetic reconstruction suggests two alternate evolutionary histories for this locus. Conclusion: There is no obvious relationship between the presence of the RS3 duplication and social organization in primates. However, polymorphisms identified in some species may be useful in future genetic association studies. In particular, the presence of both single and duplicated alleles in chimpanzees provides a unique opportunity to assess the functional role of this duplication in contributing to variation in social behavior in primates. While our initial studies show no signs of directional selection on this locus in chimps, pharmacological and genetic association studies support a potential role for this region in influencing V1aR expression and social behavior. C1 [Donaldson, Zoe R.; Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Neurosci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Donaldson, Zoe R.; Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Donaldson, Zoe R.; Bai, Yaohui; Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kondrashov, Fyodor A.; Putnam, Andrea] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stoinski, Tara L.] Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hammock, Elizabeth A. D.] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. [Young, Larry J.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Donaldson, ZR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Neurosci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM zdonald@emory.edu; fkondrashov@ucsd.edu; asputnam@biomail.ucsd.edu; ybai01@emory.edu; tstoinski@zooatlanta.org; elizabeth.hammock@vanderbilt.edu; lyoun03@emory.edu RI Hammock, Elizabeth/G-1897-2011 FU NSF [IBN-9876754, NIH RR00165, NIMH56897, MH64692]; Howard Hughes Predoctoral Fellowship FX We thank the caretakers at Zoo Atlanta and Yerkes National Primate Center for help with procuring specimens. Additional DNA samples were supplied by Bill Hopkins, Emory University (chimpanzee), Allyson Bennet, Wake Forest University (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, bonnet macaque), Mar Sanchez, Emory University (rhesus macaque), and Anne Yoder, Duke University (galago). Susan Lambeth, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and Katie Chace, Yerkes National Primate Center, helped provide records regarding the origins of wild born chimps at these centers. We would like to thank Dr Lisa McGraw and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF IBN-9876754, NIH RR00165, NIMH56897 (LJY), MH64692 (LJY) and a Howard Hughes Predoctoral Fellowship (ZRD). 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Glo1 has been suggested to be involved in anxiety disorders, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Mood disorders have a high rate of comorbidity with anxiety disorders although, to date, little is known of the involvement of Glo1 in the pathophysiology of these conditions. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of Glo1 mRNA in peripheral white blood cells of mood disorder patients to understand the role of Glo1 in mood disorders. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed that reduced expression of Glo1 mRNA was observed in major depressive and bipolar disorder patients in a current depressive state, as compared with healthy control subjects. In contrast, the expression of Glo1 mRNA in major depressive and bipolar patients, in a remissive state, showed no significant alteration when compared with healthy control subjects. These results suggest that the aberrant expression of Glo1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujimoto, Michiko; Uchida, Shusaku; Watanuki, Toshio; Wakabayashi, Yusuke; Otsuki, Koji; Matsubara, Toshio; Suetsugi, Masatomo; Funato, Hiromasa; Watanabe, Yoshifumi] Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Div Neuropsychiat, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan. RP Watanabe, Y (reprint author), Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Div Neuropsychiat, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558505, Japan. 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TI Presynaptic inhibition of diverse afferents to the locus ceruleus by kappa-opiate receptors: A novel mechanism for regulating the central norepinephrine system SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE locus ceruleus; kappa-opiate receptor; dynorphin; corticotropin-releasing factor; glutamate; morphine withdrawal ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING-FACTOR; COERULEUS-NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; INDUCED BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS SHELL; FREELY MOVING CATS; REACTION-TIME-TASK; FORCED SWIM TEST; OPIOID-RECEPTOR AB The norepinephrine nucleus, locus ceruleus (LC), is activated by diverse stimuli and modulates arousal and behavioral strategies in response to these stimuli through its divergent efferent system. Afferents communicating information to the LC include excitatory amino acids (EAAs), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and endogenous opioids acting at mu-opiate receptors. Because the LC is also innervated by the endogenous kappa-opiate receptor (kappa-OR) ligand dynorphin and expresses kappa-ORs, this study investigated kappa-OR regulation of LC neuronal activity in rat. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed a prominent localization of kappa-ORs in axon terminals in the LC that also contained either the vesicular glutamate transporter or CRF. Microinfusion of the kappa-OR agonist (trans)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclo-hexyl] benzeneacetamide (U50488) into the LC did not alter LC spontaneous discharge but attenuated phasic discharge evoked by stimuli that engage EAA afferents to the LC, including sciatic nerve stimulation and auditory stimuli and the tonic activation associated with opiate withdrawal. Inhibitory effects of the kappa-OR agonist were not restricted to EAA afferents, as U50488 also attenuated tonic LC activation by hypotensive stress, an effect mediated by CRF afferents. Together, these results indicate that kappa-ORs are poised to presynaptically inhibit diverse afferent signaling to the LC. This is a novel and potentially powerful means of regulating the LC-norepinephrine system that can impact on forebrain processing of stimuli and the organization of behavioral strategies in response to environmental stimuli. The results implicate kappa-ORs as a novel target for alleviating symptoms of opiate withdrawal, stress-related disorders, or disorders characterized by abnormal sensory responses, such as autism. C1 [Kreibich, Arati S.] Univ Penn, Translat Res Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kreibich, Arati S.; Curtis, Andre L.; Valentino, Rita J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Reyes, Beverly A. S.; Van Bockstaele, Elisabeth J.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19108 USA. [Chavkin, Charles] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Neurosci. PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 25 BP 6516 EP 6525 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0390-08.2008 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 315OT UT WOS:000256890000026 PM 18562623 ER PT J AU Tartaglia, N Davis, S Hench, A Nitnishakavi, S Beauregard, R Reynolds, A Fenton, L Albrecht, L Ross, J Visootsak, J Hansen, R Hagerman, R AF Tartaglia, Nicole Davis, Shanlee Hench, Alison Nitnishakavi, Sheela Beauregard, Renee Reynolds, Ann Fenton, Laura Albrecht, Lindsey Ross, Judith Visootsak, Jeannie Hansen, Robin Hagerman, Randi TI A new look at XXYY syndrome: Medical and psychological features SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE XXYY syndrome; Klinefelter syndrome; sex chromosome abnormality; autism spectrum disorder; tremor; ADHD ID SEX-CHROMOSOME ANEUPLOIDIES; KLINEFELTERS-SYNDROME; 48,XXYY SYNDROME; ESSENTIAL TREMOR; Y-CHROMOSOME; SHORT STATURE; TURNER-SYNDROME; PHENOTYPE; GROWTH; 47,XXY AB XXYY syndrome occurs in approximately 1:18,000-1:40,000 males. Although the physical phenotype is similar to 47,XXY (tall stature, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility), XXYY is associated with additional medical problems and more significant neurodevelopmental and psychological features. We report on the results of a cross-sectional, multicenter Study of 95 males age 1-55 with XXYY syndrome (mean age 14.9 years), describing diagnosis, physical features, medical problems, medications, and psychological features stratified by age groups. The mean age of diagnosis was 7.7 years. Developmental delays and behavioral problems were the most common primary indication for genetic testing (68.4%). Physical and facial features varied with age, although hypertelorism, clinodactyly, pes planus, and dental problems were common across all age groups. Tall statute was present in adolescents and adults, with a mean adult statute of 192.4 cm (SD 7.5; n = 22). Common medical problems included allergies and asthma (>50%), congenital heart defects (19.4%), radioulnar synostosis (17.2%), inguinal hernia and/or cryptorchidism (16.1%), and Seizures (15%). Medical features in adulthood included hypogonadism (100%), DVT (18.2%), intention tremor (71%) and type 11 diabetes (18.2%). Brain MRI (n = 35) showed white matter abnormalities in 45.7% of patients and enlarged ventricles in 22.8%. Neurodevelopmental and psychological difficulties were a significant component of the behavioral phenotype, with developmental delays and learning disabilities universal but variable in severity. Twenty-six percent had full-scale IQs in the range of intellectual disability (MR), and adaptive functioning was significantly impacted with 68% with adaptive composite scores <70. Rates of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD (72.2%), autism spectrum disorders (28.3%), mood disorders (46.8%), and tic disorders (18.9%), were elevated with 55.9% on psychopharmacologic medication overall. Recommendations for evaluation and treatment are summarized. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Tartaglia, Nicole; Reynolds, Ann] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Aurora, CO USA. [Davis, Shanlee; Hench, Alison; Nitnishakavi, Sheela; Hansen, Robin; Hagerman, Randi] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Beauregard, Renee] Colorado Nonprofit Dev Ctr, XXYY Project, Aurora, CO USA. [Fenton, Laura] Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Aurora, CO USA. [Albrecht, Lindsey; Hansen, Robin; Hagerman, Randi] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ross, Judith] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Visootsak, Jeannie] Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet & Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tartaglia, N (reprint author), 13123 E 16th Ave,B-140, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 12 BP 1509 EP 1522 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32366 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 307PB UT WOS:000256329700002 PM 18481271 ER PT J AU Christian, SL Brune, CW Sudi, J Kumar, RA Liu, S Karamohamed, S Badner, JA Matsui, S Conroy, J McQuaid, D Gergel, J Hatchwell, E Gilliam, TC Gershon, ES Nowak, NJ Dobyns, WB Cook, EH AF Christian, Susan L. Brune, Camille W. Sudi, Jyotsna Kumar, Ravinesh A. Liu, Shaung Karamohamed, Samer Badner, Judith A. Matsui, Seiichi Conroy, Jeffrey McQuaid, Devin Gergel, James Hatchwell, Eli Gilliam, T. Conrad Gershon, Elliot S. Nowak, Norma J. Dobyns, William B. Cook, Edwin H., Jr. TI Novel submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities detected in autism spectrum disorder SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE array comparative genomic hybridization; autism; microdeletions; microduplications ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; 22Q11.2 DUPLICATION; ARRAY-CGH; MICRODELETIONS; FEATURES AB Background: One genetic mechanism known to be associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is chromosomal abnormalities. The identification of copy number variants (CNV), i.e., microdeletions and microduplications that are undetectable at the level of traditional cytogenetic analysis, allows the potential association of submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances and human disease. Methods: We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) utilizing a 19K whole genome tiling path bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) microarray on 397 unrelated subjects with autism spectrum disorder. Common CNV were excluded using a control group comprised of 372 individuals from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Genetics Initiative Control samples. Confirmation studies were performed on all remaining CNV using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), microsatellite analysis, and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results: A total of 51 CNV were confirmed in 46 ASD subjects. Three maternal interstitial duplications of 15q11-q13 known to be associated with AS D were identified. The other 48 CNV ranged in size from 189 kilobase (kb) to 5.5 megabase (Mb) and contained from 0 to similar to 40 National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Reference Sequence (RefSeq) genes. Seven CNV were de novo and 44 were inherited. Conclusions: Fifty-one autism-specific CNV were identified in 46 of 397 ASD patients using a 19K BAC microarray for an overall rate of 11.6% . These microdeletions and microduplications cause gene dosage imbalance in 272 genes, many of which could be considered as candidate genes for autism. C1 [Christian, Susan L.; Sudi, Jyotsna; Kumar, Ravinesh A.; Karamohamed, Samer; Gilliam, T. Conrad; Dobyns, William B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brune, Camille W.; Cook, Edwin H., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Liu, Shaung; Badner, Judith A.; Gershon, Elliot S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gergel, James] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Matsui, Seiichi; Conroy, Jeffrey; McQuaid, Devin; Nowak, Norma J.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Genet, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Nowak, Norma J.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Prevent & Populat Sci, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Hatchwell, Eli] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Nowak, Norma J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biochem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP Christian, SL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, 920 E 58th St,CLSC 319,MC0077, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. 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TI A partial loss of function allele of Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 predicts a human neurodevelopmental syndrome SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; RETT-SYNDROME; MECP2 GENE; NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS; COPY NUMBER; MOUSE MODEL; MUTATION; DUPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB Rett Syndrome, an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by regression of language and hand use, is primarily caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2 ). Loss of function mutations in MECP2 are also found in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, Angelman-like syndrome and non-specific mental retardation. Furthermore, duplication of the MECP2 genomic region results in mental retardation with speech and social problems. The common features of human neurodevelopmental disorders caused by the loss or increase of MeCP2 function suggest that even modest alterations of MeCP2 protein levels result in neurodevelopmental problems. To determine whether a small reduction in MeCP2 level has phenotypic consequences, we characterized a conditional mouse allele of Mecp2 that expresses 50% of the wild-type level of MeCP2. Upon careful behavioral analysis, mice that harbor this allele display a spectrum of abnormalities such as learning and motor deficits, decreased anxiety, altered social behavior and nest building, decreased pain recognition and disrupted breathing patterns. These results indicate that precise control of MeCP2 is critical for normal behavior and predict that human neurodevelopmental disorders will result from a subtle reduction in MeCP2 expression. C1 [Samaco, Rodney C.; Fryer, John D.; Fyffe, Sharyl; Sun, Yaling] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chao, Hsiao-Tuan; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ren, Jun; Greer, John J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Physiol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.; Neul, Jeffrey L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Neurol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Neul, JL (reprint author), 1 Baylor Plaza,MS 225, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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Mol. Genet. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1718 EP 1727 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddn062 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 306VJ UT WOS:000256275600002 PM 18321864 ER PT J AU Officer, R AF Officer, Rachel TI Autism is not a disease SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD JUN 14 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2660 BP 20 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0262-4079(08)61473-6 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 314XR UT WOS:000256843000014 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Ancona, MN Wilkins, J AF Matson, Johnny L. Ancona, Martin N. Wilkins, Jonathan TI Sleep Disturbances in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Severe Intellectual Impairments SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE intellectual disability; sleep disturbance; PDD-NOS; autism AB Sleep disturbances are a significant problem for persons with developmental disabilities. These problems occur at a higher rate than what is observed in the typically developing population, and persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) appear to be at a higher risk than individuals with other developmental disabilities. However, another major risk is intellectual disability (ID). These two groups of disorders overlap to a substantial degree. Thus, persons with ASD and ID appear to be particularly susceptible to sleep disturbances. These sleep problems can have serious consequences beyond sleep, particularly with respect to increased challenging behaviors and as an impediment to learning. Despite these concerns, adults with ASD and ID have been largely neglected with respect to the study of these nocturnal difficulties. In this report, 168 adults with ASD and ID were compared to 166 adults with ID alone in regard to sleep disturbance and related difficulties. Individuals in the ASD group presented with much higher rates of sleep disturbances, and greater severity of sleep disorder was related to the expression of more serious challenging behaviors. The implications of our results are discussed for future assessment and treatment of these disorders. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Ancona, Martin N.; Wilkins, Jonathan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 80803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 80803 USA. EM johnmatson@aol.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bonnet M. 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PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1080/19315860801988210 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V37ZY UT WOS:000209314900001 ER PT J AU Muller, CM Nussbeck, S AF Mueller, Christoph M. Nussbeck, Susanne TI Do Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Prefer to Match Pictures Based on their Physical Details or their Meaning? SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE local-global processing; perceptual-conceptual processing; autism; central coherence AB This study investigated whether children with high-functioning autism/Asperger's syndrome have a different spontaneous processing style than typically developing children, that is, a style where they prefer details over meaning. Participants were 25 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 25 typically developing children matched by age, IQ, and sex. In the first 2 experiments, the children were given a picture and asked to choose which of 2 other pictures best matched with it. Pictures could be matched based either on congruence for details or meaning but not both. Hence, a choice for either detail or meaning had to be made. It was ensured that all participants had understood the meaningful relations between the pictures prior to testing. Children with ASD chose to match the pictures by detail significantly more often than the typically developing children. In a second test session, naming aloud the presented pictures prior to matching them was required. This additional manipulation led most children with ASD to match pictures according to meaning. It is concluded that children with ASD tend to spontaneously focus on details despite access to meaningful connections. Naming seems to support the use of meaning in spontaneous processing. C1 [Mueller, Christoph M.; Nussbeck, Susanne] Univ Cologne, Dept Special Educ & Rehabil, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Nussbeck, S (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Humanwissensch Fak, Dept Heilpadagog & Rehabil, Klosterstr 79b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. EM Susanne.Nussbeck@uni-koeln.de FU Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft FX We thank participants, parents, and staff from Heilpadagogisches Zentrum "Die Gute Hand," Autismus Therapie Zentrum Koln, Autismus Therapie Zentrum Aachen, and all participating schools. We also thank Catherine Best from the University of Edinburgh for her helpful comments on this article. Christoph M. Muller was supported by a doctoral grant from the Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft. 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 140 EP 155 DI 10.1080/19315860801988244 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V37ZY UT WOS:000209314900002 ER PT J AU Ashworth, M Martin, L Hirdes, JP AF Ashworth, Melody Martin, Lynn Hirdes, John P. TI Prevalence and Correlates of Pica Among Adults with Intellectual Disability in Institutions SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE interRAI Intellectual Disability; adults; challenging behavior; pica; self-injury; intellectual disability AB Increased knowledge of complex behaviors such as pica is needed to improve the support and services in the community for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Though the prevalence of pica has been documented extensively in institutionalized settings, few studies have explored its etiology. The aim of this study is to explore the correlates of pica among institutionalized adults with ID. Secondary data analysis was performed on census-level data on 1,008 persons with ID residing in Ontario's remaining specialized institutions. All persons had been assessed using the interRAI Intellectual Disability (interRAI ID; Martin, Hirdes, Fries, & Smith, 2007) assessment instrument-a comprehensive and standardized instrument that supports service planning. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the relation between pica and demographic, functional, and clinical characteristics. The overall prevalence of pica was 21.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being male, a diagnosis of autism, and use of nonverbal means of communication were associated with a higher likelihood of pica, whereas impairment in activities of daily living reduced that likelihood. A curvilinear relation was observed between cognitive functioning and pica. The prevalence of pica is quite high in Ontario's institutions, and nonverbal communication emerged as the strongest correlate of the behavior. The implications for education, training, and interventions are discussed. C1 [Ashworth, Melody] Univ Toronto, Dept Human Dev & Appl Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. [Martin, Lynn] Lakehead Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Hirdes, John P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Hlth Studies & Gerontol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Ashworth, M (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Human Dev & Appl Psychol, OISE, 252 Bloor St West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada. EM mashworth@oise.utoronto.ca FU Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services FX This study was supported through a contract with the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services. We also thank Dr. Alison Pedlar for her support and helpful suggestions in this research. 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