FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Durukan, I Tufan, AE Turkbay, T AF Durukan, Ibrahim Tufan, A. Evren Turkbay, Tumer TI Risperidone Treatment May Benefit Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Presentation of Two Cases SO KLINIK PSIKOFARMAKOLOJI BULTENI-BULLETIN OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Childhood disintegrative disorder; risperidone; pervasive developmental disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Childhood disintegrative disorder is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by normal development of verbal and nonverbal communication skills, social interaction, play, bladder and bowel control and motor behavior at least in the first two years, followed by regression between 2-10 years of age in two or more of the abovementioned developmental areas. Childhood disintegrative disorder is accepted to be very rare and the exact nature is still unknown. The cases of childhood disintegrative disorder mimic various disorders, especially at initial stages may confuse clinicians to diagnose. Ttherefore presentation of further clinical cases will assist clinicians to manage in the characterization of the disorder in different settings. Studies related to childhood disintegrative disorder are rare in literature. The purpose of this paper is to present the pharmacological intervention of two cases of childhood disintegrative disorder with risperidone. The first case was characterized by an onset of irritability, defiance and hyperactivity at age of four years, later followed by regression in language, bowel and bladder control and social interaction skills. The second case was a child in which the disorder started with regression in language as well as behavior disturbance at four years two months of age, and then language regression, poor bowel and bladder control and decline in social interaction skills were noticed. Risperidone was used as a pharmacological agent in both cases to control behavioral problems and benefit was achieved. C1 [Durukan, Ibrahim; Turkbay, Tumer] GATA Cocuk Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Anabilim Da, Ankara, Turkey. [Tufan, A. Evren] Cocuk & Ergen Psikiyatrisi Poliklinigi, Elazig Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Hastanesi, Elazig, Turkey. RP Durukan, I (reprint author), Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, TR-06010 Ankara, Turkey. 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Psikofarmakol. Bul. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 518LE UT WOS:000271692600012 ER PT J AU Kultur, SEC Tiryaki, A Tasgin, E AF Kultur, S. Ebru Cengel Tiryaki, Ahmet Tasgin, Esra TI Aripiprazole for Maladaptive Behavior in Mental Retardation: Case Reports SO KLINIK PSIKOFARMAKOLOJI BULTENI-BULLETIN OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aripiprazole; mental retardation; child mental disorders; treatment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SUBAVERAGE INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; RISPERIDONE; AUTISM; LABEL AB Aripiprazole is a new psychotropic agent that possesses a unique pharmacologic profile. The drug demonstrates partial dopamine agonist activity and has been labeled a third-generation antipsychotic and dopamine system stabilizer. We report on the use of aripiprazole in the treatment of maladaptive behaviors in three individuals (cases) with mental retardation. Three adolescents (two was (were) diagnosed as mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorder, one was diagnosed as mental retardation) received an open-label trial of aripiprazole with 5 to 10 mg/day. Drug response was evaluated by using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Conners Parent Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement Scale first month after treatment. Side effects were followed by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. Aripiprazole was well tolerated and somehow effective in all of the cases and appears to be a safe and efficacious alternative in the management of patients with both intellectual disabilities and pervasive developmental disorders. Only one of the patients was taken as treatment responder according to definition, the other two also had a slight improvement in clinical sense. Though short duration of treatment and relatively lower drug doses these results with aripiprazole indicate a probable treatment option in this difficult-to-treat population. Clinical studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness and safety of this medication. C1 [Tiryaki, Ahmet] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Trabzon, Turkey. [Kultur, S. Ebru Cengel; Tasgin, Esra] Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. RP Tiryaki, A (reprint author), Karadeniz Tech Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Trabzon, Turkey. 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PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 294 EP 297 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 518LE UT WOS:000271692600014 ER PT J AU Ozbaran, B Kose, S Erermis, S AF Ozbaran, Burcu Kose, Sezen Gokcen Erermis, Serpil TI Social cognition in pervasive developmental disorders SO KLINIK PSIKOFARMAKOLOJI BULTENI-BULLETIN OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA Turkish DT Review DE Autism; pervasive developmental disorders; theory of mind; social cognition ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN AMYGDALA; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME AB Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) and autistic disorder (AD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with genetic basis and abnormal brain development, and characterized by severe and permanent deficits in many interpersonal relation areas like communication, social cognition and processing of emotional signs. Cognitive impairments in AD and other PDDs are tried to be explained by neuropsychiatric models like theory of mind deficits, executive dysfunction and weak central coherence. This article aimed to review neurobiological bases of social cognition and theory of mind which try to explain social cognition. PubMed medical search engine was queried to find out the studies and review articles on social cognition and theory of mind in AD and PDDs. Social cognition may be defined as the ability to interact in complex social areas with understanding the others' intentions and thoughts. The mind deficit is theorized to be one of the basic difficulties in autism. Individuals with autism have deficits in recognizing mental processes and mental representations of self and others'. Patients with AD have deficits in social functions which an important part of interpersonal interactions and functioning within a social group; like face recognition, eye contact and emotional expression recognition. Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus, amygdala, posterior association cortex and their internal associations are brain areas associated with social cognition. Fusiform gyrus and amygdala are effective in face perception and recognition. Studies suggest that a deficit in amygdala may lead to social perceptional deficits like face identity and emotional expression recognition. It is determined that individuals with PDDs have hypoactivation in fusiform gyrus during perception of faces. Amygdala has a regulatory effect on fusiform gyrus and in lesions of amygdala, the hypoactivation of fusiform gyrus for emotional salient faces are parallel to the level of amygdala lesion. The common result of many studies is that the hypoactivation of fusiform gyrus is based on some processes related to amygdala. Superior temporal sulcus hypoactivations and abnormal volume measures were found in patients with autistic disorder. Superior tempral sulcus has a role in perception of social stimulus from gaze directions, and eye and body movements of others. Autism can be defined as a social cognition disorder and is caused by deficits at microscopic and/or macroscopic levels in these brain systems. The review of the neurobiology of social cognition in AD and other PPDs defisits in amygdala and in connections of amygdala with other temporal areas including fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus in early infancy and that leads to a deficit or absence of infant's interest for faces and other stimuli which are socially significant. This causes abnormal development of brain areas like fusiform gyrus which needs a stimulus dependent activation. When studying social cognition deficits, it is important to note that autism is not a disorder of a unique neuroanatomical system or cyclus; but it is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which many pervasive neural systems are affected. 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Thomson, P. McQuillin, A. Bass, N. Loukola, A. Anjorin, A. Blackwood, D. Curtis, D. Deary, I. J. Harris, S. E. Isometsa, E. T. Lawrence, J. Lonnqvist, J. Muir, W. Palotie, A. Partonen, T. Paunio, T. Pylkko, E. Robinson, M. Soronen, P. Suominen, K. Suvisaari, J. Thirumalai, S. St Clair, D. Gurling, H. Peltonen, L. Porteous, D. TI DISC1 association, heterogeneity and interplay in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE DISC1; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; association; heterogeneity; interplay ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; MAJOR MENTAL-ILLNESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; SCOTTISH POPULATION; GENES; RISK; HAPLOTYPE; TRANSLOCATION; DISEASE; TWIN AB Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been associated with risk of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism and Asperger syndrome, but apart from in the original translocation family, true causal variants have yet to be confirmed. Here we report a harmonized association study for DISC1 in European cohorts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We identify regions of significant association, demonstrate allele frequency heterogeneity and provide preliminary evidence for modifying interplay between variants. Whereas no associations survived permutation analysis in the combined data set, significant corrected associations were observed for bipolar disorder at rs1538979 in the Finnish cohorts (uncorrected P = 0.00020; corrected P = 0.016; odds ratio = 2.73 +/- 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-5.27) and at rs821577 in the London cohort (uncorrected P = 0.00070; corrected P = 0.040; odds ratio = 1.64 +/- 95% CI 1.23-2.19). The rs821577 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed evidence for increased risk within the combined European cohorts (odds ratio = 1.27 +/- 95% CI 1.07-1.51), even though significant corrected association was not detected (uncorrected P = 0.0058; corrected P = 0.28). After conditioning the European data set on the two risk alleles, reanalysis revealed a third significant SNP association (uncorrected P = 0.00050; corrected P = 0.025). This SNP showed evidence for interplay, either increasing or decreasing risk, dependent upon the presence or absence of rs1538979 or rs821577. These findings provide further support for the role of DISC1 in psychiatric illness and demonstrate the presence of locus heterogeneity, with the effect that clinically relevant genetic variants may go undetected by standard analysis of combined cohorts. Molecular Psychiatry (2009) 14, 865-873; doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.22; published online 4 March 2008 C1 [Hennah, W.; Thomson, P.; Porteous, D.] Univ Edinburgh, Med Genet Sect, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Loukola, A.; Paunio, T.; Pylkko, E.; Soronen, P.; Peltonen, L.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki, Finland. [McQuillin, A.; Bass, N.; Anjorin, A.; Lawrence, J.; Robinson, M.; Thirumalai, S.; Gurling, H.] UCL, Mol Psychiat Lab, Dept Mental Hlth Sci, Windeyer Inst Med Sci, London, England. [Loukola, A.; Palotie, A.] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Genome Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. [Blackwood, D.; Muir, W.] Univ Edinburgh, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Curtis, D.] Univ London, Queen Mary Coll, London, England. [Curtis, D.] Royal London Hosp, City Mental Hlth Trust, London E1 1BB, England. [Deary, I. J.; Harris, S. E.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Isometsa, E. T.; Lonnqvist, J.; Partonen, T.; Suvisaari, J.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mental Hlth & Alcohol Res, Helsinki, Finland. [Isometsa, E. T.; Lonnqvist, J.; Paunio, T.] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Helsinki, Finland. [Suominen, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychiat, Jorvi Hosp, Cent Hosp, Espoo, Finland. [St Clair, D.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Peltonen, L.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. [Peltonen, L.] MIT, Broad Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Hennah, W (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Med Genet Sect, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. EM william.hennah@ed.ac.uk RI Deary, Ian/C-6297-2009; McQuillin, Andrew/C-1623-2008; Partonen, Timo/G-1105-2012; Porteous, David/C-7289-2013; Gurling, Hugh/A-5029-2010 OI McQuillin, Andrew/0000-0003-1567-2240; Partonen, Timo/0000-0003-1951-2455; Porteous, David/0000-0003-1249-6106; FU UK Medical Research Council [G0500791]; Chief Scientist Office, Scotland; Research into Ageing; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Center of Excellence of the Academy of Finland; Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation Piippa Stiina Immonen; Academy of Finland; Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award FX We thank Dr Simon Cooper for his help in preparing the figures. This work was funded in part by the UK Medical Research Council and the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland (WH, PT, DB, WM, DP), Research into Ageing, the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (IJD, SEH) and the Center of Excellence of the Academy of Finland and Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation (LP). The research at University College London was funded by UK Medical Research Council Grant number G0500791. The UK UCL sample was collected with generous help from the UK Manic Depression Fellowship. Professor Arpo Aromaa is acknowledged for his role with the Finnish control cohort. WH is a long-term EMBO Research Fellow and he was also supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation Piippa Stiina Immonen grant. AL is supported by an Academy of Finland postdoctoral fellowship. IJD is the recipient of a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award. 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Urion, David K. TI Child Neurology: Autism as a model Considerations for advanced training in behavioral child neurology SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISORDERS; BRAIN AB In this article, we advocate for advanced training for child neurologists in behavior and development in order to facilitate the investigation of childhood behavioral and neurodevelopmental disabilities, with autism serving as a model disorder. We explore the current training options and then propose alternative subspecialty training options that focus on behavior and development, with appreciation that most developmental disabilities are not static encephalopathies but, rather, dynamic processes representing the influence of genetics and environment on neural circuitry. Neurology (R) 2009; 73: 733-735 C1 [Jeste, Shafali S.; Urion, David K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Friedman, Sandra L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jeste, SS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, 300 Longwood Ave,Fegan 11, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 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Mahone, E. Mark Mostofsky, Stewart H. TI Associations of Postural Knowledge and Basic Motor Skill With Dyspraxia in Autism: Implication for Abnormalities in Distributed Connectivity and Motor Learning SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE developmental dyspraxia; premotor cortex; autism spectrum disorder; movement representation; motor learning ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA; PREMOTOR CORTEX; HIGH-RISK; IMITATION; CHILDREN; PARIETAL; INDIVIDUALS AB Children with autism often have difficulty performing skilled movements. Praxis performance requires basic motor skill, knowledge of representations of the movement (mediated by parietal regions), and transcoding of these representations into movement plans (mediated by premotor circuits). The goals of this study were (a) to determine whether dyspraxia in autism is associated with impaired representational ("postural") knowledge and (b) to examine the contributions of postural knowledge and basic motor skill to dyspraxia in autism. Thirty-seven children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 typically developing (TD) children, ages 8-13, completed (a) an examination of basic motor skills, (b) a postural knowledge test assessing praxis discrimination, and (c) a praxis examination. Children with ASD showed worse basic motor skill and postural knowledge than did controls. The ASD group continued to show significantly poorer praxis than did controls after accounting for age, IQ, basic motor skill, and postural knowledge. Dyspraxia in autism appears to be associated with impaired formation of spatial representations, as well as transcoding and execution. Distributed abnormality across parietal, premotor, and motor circuitry, as well as anomalous connectivity, may be implicated. C1 [Dowell, Lauren R.; Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Lab Neurocognit & Imaging Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mahone, E. Mark] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Neuropsychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mahone, E. Mark] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Mostofsky, SH (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Lab Neurocognit & Imaging Res, 707 N Broadway,Suite 232, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mostofsky@kennedykrieger.org FU National Alliance for Autism Research/Autism; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 NS048527, K02 NS044850, HD-24061]; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institute for Clinical and Translational Research; NIH/National Center for Research Resources Clinical and Translational Science Award Program [ULI-RR25005] FX This research was funded by grants from the National Alliance for Autism Research/Autism Speaks and from National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 NS048527 (to Stewart H. Mostofsky), K02 NS044850 (to Stewart H. Mostofsky), and HD-24061 (Developmental Disabilities Research Center); and from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, an NIH/National Center for Research Resources Clinical and Translational Science Award Program, ULI-RR25005. 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We propose a novel anterior insula-based systems-level model for investigating the neural basis of autism, synthesizing recent advances in brain network functional connectivity with converging evidence from neuroimaging studies in autism. The anterior insula is involved in interoceptive, affective and empathic processes, and emerging evidence suggests it is part of a "salience network" integrating external sensory stimuli with internal states. Network analysis indicates that the anterior insula is uniquely positioned as a hub mediating interactions between large-scale networks involved in externally and internally oriented cognitive processing. A recent meta-analysis identifies the anterior insula as a consistent locus of hypoactivity in autism. We suggest that dysfunctional anterior insula connectivity plays an important role in autism. 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Biobehav. Rev. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1198 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.002 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 502WJ UT WOS:000270490800007 PM 19538989 ER PT J AU Senju, A Johnson, MH AF Senju, Atsushi Johnson, Mark H. TI Atypical eye contact in autism: Models, mechanisms and development SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Social cognition; Social brain; Gaze; Eye contact; Development; Amygdala ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACE-TO-FACE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; GAZE-DIRECTION; ABNORMAL ACTIVATION; PROCESSING DEFICITS; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY AB An atypical pattern of eye contact behaviour is one of the most significant symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Recent empirical advances have revealed the developmental, cognitive and neural basis of atypical eye contact behaviour in ASD. We review different models and advance a new 'fast-track modulator model'. Specifically, we propose that atypical eye contact processing in ASD originates in the lack of influence from a subcortical face and eye contact detection route, which is hypothesized to modulate eye contact processing and guide its emergent specialization during development. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senju, Atsushi; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Senju, A (reprint author), Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. 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PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1204 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.001 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 502WJ UT WOS:000270490800008 PM 19538990 ER PT J AU Gepner, B Feron, F AF Gepner, Bruno Feron, Francois TI Autism: A world changing too fast for a mis-wired brain? SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Science CY JUL, 2009 CL Lushan, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Autism spectrum disorders; Temporo-spatial processing; Motion; Emotion; Speech processing; Imitation; Cognition; Rehabilitation; Slowing down; Connectivity; Synchrony; Neurotransmission ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; INFANTILE-AUTISM; THALIDOMIDE EMBRYOPATHY AB Disorders in verbal and emotional communication and imitation, social reciprocity and higher order cognition observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are presented here as phenotypic expressions of temporo-spatial processing disorders (TSPDs). TSPDs include various degrees of disability in (i) processing multi-sensory dynamic stimuli online, (ii) associating them into meaningful and coherent patterns and (iii) producing real-time sensory-motor adjustments and motor outputs. In line with this theory, we found that slowing down the speed of facial and vocal events enhanced imitative, verbal and cognitive abilities in some ASD children, particularly those with low functioning autism. We then argue that TSPDs may result from Multi-system Brain Disconnectivity-Dissynchrony (MBD), defined as an increase or decrease in functional connectivity and neuronal synchronization within/between multiple neurofunctional territories and pathways. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electrophysiological studies supporting MBD are outlined. Finally, we review the suspected underlying neurobiological mechanisms of MBD as evidenced in neuroimaging, genetic, environmental and epigenetic studies. Overall, our TSPD/MBD approach to ASD may open new promising avenues for a better understanding of neuro-physio-psychopathology of ASD and clinical rehabilitation of people affected by these syndromes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gepner, Bruno] Ctr Hosp Univ, Serv Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, Liege, Belgium. [Feron, Francois] Univ Aix Marseille, Fac Med, Inst Jean Roche, NICN,CNRS UMR 6184, Marseille, France. RP Gepner, B (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Univ, Serv Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, Liege, Belgium. 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PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1227 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.006 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 502WJ UT WOS:000270490800010 PM 19559043 ER PT J AU Fukuchi, M Nii, T Ishimaru, N Minamino, A Hara, D Takasaki, I Tabuchi, A Tsuda, M AF Fukuchi, Mamoru Nii, Takuya Ishimaru, Naoki Minamino, Aya Hara, Daichi Takasaki, Ichiro Tabuchi, Akiko Tsuda, Masaaki TI Valproic acid induces up- or down-regulation of gene expression responsible for the neuronal excitation and inhibition in rat cortical neurons through its epigenetic actions SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VPA; HDAC inhibitor; Histone acetylation; BDNF; GABA(A) receptor; GAD ID DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; MOOD STABILIZER; BRAIN; BDNF; MODEL; GABA; NEUROGENESIS; AUTISM AB Valproic acid (VPA), a drug used to treat epilepsy and bipolar mood disorder, inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC), which is associated with the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Using a microarray, we comprehensively examined which genes are affected by stimulating Cultured rat cortical neurons with VPA, and found that the VPA-treatment markedly altered gene expression (up-regulated; 726 genes, down-regulated; 577 genes). The mRNA expression for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the alpha 4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R alpha 4), known to be involved in epileptogenesis, was upregulated, with the increase in BDNF exon I-IX mRNA expression being remarkable, whereas that for GABA(A)R gamma 2, GAD65 and 67, and the K(+)/Cl(-) co-transporter KCC2. which are responsible for the development of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, was down-regulated. The number of GAD67-positive neurons decreased upon VPA-treatment. Similar changes Of up- and down-regulation were obtained by trichostatin A. VPA did not affect the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), suggesting its direct action on HDAC. The acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was increased in the promoters Of up-regulated but not clown-regulated genes. Thus, VPA may disrupt a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activities through its epigenetic effect. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd arid the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsuda, Masaaki] Toyama Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Grad Sch Med & Pharmaceut Sci Res, Toyama 9300194, Japan. [Takasaki, Ichiro] Toyama Univ, Div Mol Genet Res, Life Sci Res Ctr, Toyama 9300194, Japan. RP Tsuda, M (reprint author), Toyama Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Grad Sch Med & Pharmaceut Sci Res, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 9300194, Japan. EM tsuda@pha.u-toyama.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [20390023]; Naito Foundation; Mitsubishi Foundation FX This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan (Project number: 20390023, MT), the Naito Foundation (MT), and the Mitsubishi Foundation (MT). 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Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 65 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.neures.2009.05.002 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 485EC UT WOS:000269102700006 PM 19463867 ER PT J AU Levin, ED Aschner, M Heberlein, U Ruden, D Welsh-Bohmer, KA Bartlett, S Berger, K Chen, L Corl, AB Eddins, D French, R Hayden, KM Helmcke, K Hirsch, HVB Linney, E Lnenicka, G Page, GP Possidente, D Possidente, B Kirshner, A AF Levin, Edward D. Aschner, Michael Heberlein, Ulrike Ruden, Douglas Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A. Bartlett, Selena Berger, Karen Chen, Lang Corl, Ammon B. Eddins, Donnie French, Rachael Hayden, Kathleen M. Helmcke, Kirsten Hirsch, Helmut V. B. Linney, Elwood Lnenicka, Greg Page, Grier P. Possidente, Debra Possidente, Bernard Kirshner, Annette TI Genetic aspects of behavioral neurotoxicology SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Rochester, NY DE Genetics; Behavioral neurotoxicology; C. elegans; Drosophilia; Zebrafish; Mice ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; NEONATAL CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; INDUCED APOPTOTIC NEURODEGENERATION; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; FETAL-ALCOHOL-SYNDROME; RAT CORTICAL-NEURONS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CACHE COUNTY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E AB Considerable progress has been made over the past couple of decades concerning the molecular bases of neurobehavioral function and dysfunction. The field of neurobehavioral genetics is becoming mature. Genetic factors contributing to neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been found and evidence for genetic factors contributing to other diseases such as schizophrenia and autism are likely. This genetic approach can also benefit the field of behavioral neurotoxicology. It is clear that there is substantial heterogeneity of response with behavioral impairments resulting from neurotoxicants. Many factors contribute to differential sensitivity, but it is likely that genetic variability plays a prominent role. Important discoveries concerning genetics and behavioral neurotoxicity are being made on a broad front from work with invertebrate and piscine mutant models to classic mouse knockout models and human epidemiologic studies of polymorphisms. Discovering genetic factors of susceptibility to neurobehavioral toxicity not only helps identify those at special risk, it also advances our understanding of the mechanisms by which toxicants impair neurobehavioral function in the larger population. This symposium organized by Edward Levin and Annette Kirshner, brought together researchers from the laboratories of Michael Aschner, Douglas Ruden, Ulrike Heberlein, Edward Levin and Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer conducting studies with Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, fish, rodents and humans studies to determine the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to behavioral impairment from neurotoxic exposure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Levin, Edward D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Aschner, Michael; Helmcke, Kirsten] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Heberlein, Ulrike; Bartlett, Selena; Berger, Karen; Corl, Ammon B.; French, Rachael] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ruden, Douglas] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Chen, Lang] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. [Hirsch, Helmut V. B.; Lnenicka, Greg; Possidente, Debra] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Possidente, Bernard] Skidmore Coll, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. [Kirshner, Annette] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Page, Grier P.] RTI Int, Stat & Epidemiol Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levin, ED (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Box 3412, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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Amaral, David Aschner, Michael Bolivar, Valerie J. Bowman, Aaron DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel Hyman, Susan L. Keller, Flavio Lein, Pamela Pessah, Isaac Restifo, Linda Threadgill, David W. TI Animal models of autism spectrum disorders: Information for neurotoxicologists SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Rochester, NY DE Animal models; Autism; Neurotoxicology; Symposium ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; BEHAVIORAL TASKS RELEVANT; SOCIAL APPROACH BEHAVIORS; PLUS TF/J MOUSE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; COLLABORATIVE CROSS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SYNAPSE FORMATION AB Recent findings derived from large-scale datasets and biobanks link multiple genes to autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, novel rodent mutants with deletions, truncations and in some cases, overexpression of these candidate genes have been developed and studied both behaviorally and biologically. At the Annual Neurotoxicology Meeting in Rochester, NY in October of 2008, a symposium of clinicians and basic scientists gathered to present the behavioral features of autism, as well as strategies to model those behavioral features in mice and primates. The aim of the symposium was to provide researchers with up-to-date information on both the genetics of autism and how they are used in differing in vivo and in vitro animal models as well as to provide a background on the environmental exposures being tested on several animal models. In addition, researchers utilizing complementary approaches, presented on cell culture, in vitro or more basic models, which target neurobiological mechanisms, including Drosophila. Following the presentation, a panel convened to explore the opportunities and challenges of using model systems to investigate genetic and environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. The following paper represents a summary of each presentation, as well as the discussion that followed at the end of the symposium. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Halladay, Alycia K.] Autism Speaks, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Amaral, David] MIND Inst UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Aschner, Michael; Bowman, Aaron] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY USA. [DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel] UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Hyman, Susan L.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Div Neurodev & Behav Pediat, Golisano Childrens Hosp Strong, Rochester, NY USA. [Keller, Flavio] Univ Campus Biomed, Lab Dev Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Lein, Pamela; Pessah, Isaac] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Restifo, Linda] Univ Arizona, Dept Neurobiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Threadgill, David W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Halladay, AK (reprint author), Autism Speaks, 2 Pk Ave,4th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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Bornehag, Carl-Gustav TI Associations between indoor environmental factors and parental-reported autistic spectrum disorders in children 6-8 years of age SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Rochester, NY DE Allergy; Asthma; Autism spectrum disorders; Phthalates; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ID ALLERGIC SYMPTOMS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MATERNAL SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; DUST; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Potential contributions of environmental chemicals and conditions to the etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders are the subject of considerable cur-rent research and speculation. The present paper describes the results of a study undertaken as part of a larger project devoted to the connection between properties of the indoor environment and asthma and allergy in young Swedish children. The larger project, The Dampness in Buildings and Health (DBH) Study, began in the year 2000 with a questionnaire distributed to parents of all children 1-6 years of age in one Swedish county (DBH-I). A second, follow-up questionnaire (DBH-III) was distributed in 2005. The original survey collected information about the child, the family situation, practices such as smoking, allergic symptoms, type of residence, moisture-related problems, and type of flooring material, which included polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The 2005 survey, based on the same children, now 6-8 years of age, also asked if, during the intervening period, the child had been diagnosed with Autism, Asperger's syndrome, or Tourette's syndrome. From a total of 4779 eligible children, 72 (60 boys, 12 girls) were identified with parentally reported autism spectrum disorder. A random sample of 10 such families confirmed that the diagnoses had been made by medical professionals, in accordance with the Swedish system for monitoring children's health. An analysis of the associations between indoor environmental variables in 2000 as well as other background factors and the ASD diagnosis indicated five statistically significant variables: (1) maternal smoking; (2) male sex; (3) economic problems in the family; (4) condensation on windows, a proxy for low ventilation rate in the home; (5) PVC flooring, especially in the parents' bedroom. In addition, airway symptoms of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma in the baseline investigation (2000) were associated with ASD 5 years later. Results from the second phase of the DBH-study (DBH-II) indicate PVC flooring to be one important source of airborne phthalates indoors, and that asthma and allergy prevalence are associated with phthalate concentrations in settled dust in the children's bedroom. Because these associations are among the few linking ASD with environmental variables, they warrant further and more extensive exploration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Larsson, Malin; Janson, Staffan; Bornehag, Carl-Gustav] Karlstad Univ, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. [Weiss, Bernard] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Sundell, Jan; Bornehag, Carl-Gustav] Tech Univ Denmark, Int Ctr Indoor Environm & Energy, Lyngby, Denmark. [Sundell, Jan] Univ Texas Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Bornehag, CG (reprint author), Karlstad Univ, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. 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Guigonis, V. Bellanne-Chantelot, C. Chabane, N. TI AUTISM ASSOCIATED WITH HNF1B WHOLE-GENE DELETION SO PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS; RENAL-DISEASE C1 [Loirat, C.; Chabane, N.] Hop Robert Debre, F-75019 Paris, France. [Guigonis, V.] Hop Mere Enfant, Limoges, France. [Bellanne-Chantelot, C.] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France. CR Bellanne-Chantelot C, 2005, DIABETES, V54, P3126, DOI 10.2337/diabetes.54.11.3126 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 Mefford HC, 2007, AM J HUM GENET, V81, P1057, DOI 10.1086/522591 Muller D, 2006, KIDNEY INT, V70, P1656, DOI 10.1038/sj.ki.5001746 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-041X J9 PEDIATR NEPHROL JI Pediatr. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1800 EP 1801 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology SC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology GA 478JU UT WOS:000268584500082 ER PT J AU Begovac, I Begovac, B Majic, G Vidovic, V AF Begovac, Ivan Begovac, Branka Majic, Gordan Vidovic, Vesna TI LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF IQ STABILITY IN CHILDREN WITH CHILDHOOD AUTISM - LITERATURE SURVEY SO PSYCHIATRIA DANUBINA LA English DT Article DE autism; mental retardation; intelligence; IQ; child; stability; outcome; follow-up ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; EARLY ADULT LIFE; FOLLOW-UP; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AGE AB Background. In this paper we present a survey of the literature dealing with IQ stability in children with childhood autism (CA) over the last ten years. Nowadays there is no clear evidence on this topic. Subjects and methods: We used the online "PubMed" database. By inputting the following key words: (autism and IQ and child) and (stability or outcome or follow-up) we obtained a total of 78 references. Out of those 78 references, some papers were left out in line with the exclusion criteria, so this survey includes 23 papers altogether. Results: The average initial IQ point is in the range from borderline intelligence to mild mental retardation. Out of a total of 23 studies, the majority, 19 of them, generally state that there are no changes in IQ, 8 studies mention increased IQ, while 3 studies demonstrate a decrease in IQ. Some studies register different results in the same study. At an individual level, single studies show a similar trend to the general results. Conclusion: The majority of studies state that the IQ points will remain the same. Today the generally accepted belief is that therapy should be started intensely and early. Some children with good progress may attend regular school. 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Danub. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 310 EP 319 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 504HY UT WOS:000270608000006 PM 19794347 ER PT J AU Ishida, R Kamio, Y Nakamizo, S AF Ishida, Rie Kamio, Yoko Nakamizo, Sachio TI PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS OF VISUAL ILLUSIONS IN CHILDREN WITH HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO PSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; visual illusion; weak central coherence; low-level perceptual processing ID ASPERGER SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; MOTION; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; FIGURES; PEOPLE; TASKS AB This study examined perceptual distortion of visual illusions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-, sex- and IQ-matched typically developing children to determine whether local bias exists in low-level visual processing in ASD as the weak central coherence (WCC) theoretical account predicts. To explore whether higher-level contextual information can be integrated with low-level information in ASD, the perception with and without perspective cues was also examined. The children with ASD succumbed to illusions to a lesser degree than did the comparison group, and the degree of perceptual distortion was negatively correlated with Block Design score, a marker of WCC. The presence of perspective cues did not increase perceptual distortion among both groups to a statistically significant degree. The results support the WCC account suggesting abnormalities in integrating visual information in low-level processing in individuals with ASD when they perceived illusory figures. C1 [Ishida, Rie] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Nakamizo, Sachio] Univ Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. 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TI Children's Understanding of Second-Order Mental States SO PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE second-order false belief; theory of mind; higher order mental states ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SELF-PRESENTATIONAL BEHAVIOR; AMBIGUOUS FIGURE PERCEPTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; FALSE-BELIEF TASKS; OF-MIND TASKS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB The most popular topic in theory-of-mind research has been first-order false belief: the realization that it is possible to hold false beliefs about events in the world. A more advanced development is second-order false belief: the realization that it is possible to hold a false belief about someone else's belief. This article reviews research directed to second-order false belief and other forms of higher order, recursive mentalistic reasoning. Three general issues are considered. Research directed to developmental changes indicates that preschoolers typically fail second-order tasks and that success emerges at about age 5 or 6, although results vary some with method of assessment. Research directed to the consequences of second-order competence has revealed positive relations with a number of other aspects of children's development. Finally, measures of both language and executive function relate positively to performance on second-order tasks; the causal bases for the correlations, however, remain to be established. This article concludes with suggestions for future research. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Miller, SA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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Bull. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 749 EP 773 DI 10.1037/a0016854 PG 25 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 488HP UT WOS:000269340300004 PM 19702381 ER PT J AU Mosconi, MW Kay, M D'Cruz, AM Seidenfeld, A Guter, S Stanford, LD Sweeney, JA AF Mosconi, M. W. Kay, M. D'Cruz, A. -M. Seidenfeld, A. Guter, S. Stanford, L. D. Sweeney, J. A. TI Impaired inhibitory control is associated with higher-order repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Antisaccade; neurocognition; oculomotor; prefrontal cortex; striatum ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; NEURAL ACTIVITY; ANTI-SACCADES AB Background. Impairments in executive cognitive control, including a reduced ability to inhibit prepotent responses, have been reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These deficits may underlie patterns of repetitive behaviors associated with the disorder. Method. Eighteen individuals with ASD and 15 age- and IQ-matched healthy individuals performed an antisaccade task and a visually guided saccade control task, each with gap and overlap conditions. Measures of repetitive behaviors were obtained using the Autism Diagnostic Inventory - Revised (ADI-R) and examined in relation to neurocognitive task performance. Results. Individuals with an ASD showed increased rates of prosaccade errors (failures to inhibit prepotent responses) on the antisaccade task regardless of task condition (gap/overlap). Prosaccade error rates were associated with the level of higher-order (e.g. compulsions, preoccupations) but not sensorimotor repetitive behaviors in ASD. Conclusions. Neurocognitive disturbances in voluntary behavioral control suggest that alterations in frontostriatal systems contribute to higher-order repetitive behaviors in ASD. C1 [Mosconi, M. W.; Kay, M.; D'Cruz, A. -M.; Seidenfeld, A.; Guter, S.; Stanford, L. D.; Sweeney, J. A.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Cognit Med, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Sweeney, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Ctr Cognit Med, Dept Psychiat, 912 S Wood St,MC 913, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM jsweeney@psych.uic.edu FU NICHD Collaborative Program of Excellence in Autism [HD35469]; NIH Autism Center of Excellence Project [HD055751]; National Alliance for Autism Research FX This study was supported by the NICHD Collaborative Program of Excellence in Autism HD35469, the NIH Autism Center of Excellence Project award HD055751, and the National Alliance for Autism Research. We also gratefully acknowledge the participation of the individual subjects and their families in these studies. 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TI OBESITY RATES IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS OF CHILDREN AND POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS SO PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS LA English DT Article ID PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; OVERWEIGHT; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; AUTISM; SKILLS AB Childhood obesity has become a problem of epidemic proportions in the United States, but much of the research has focused on prevention and intervention programs, which target the general population of school children. Overlooked in the literature are children with special needs (including autism, genetic disorders, Down syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome). who on average have higher rates of obesity than do their typically functioning peers. Specifically, some clinical populations of children have genetic predispositions that make intervention more difficult to accomplish. General intervention considerations are discussed and applied to these groups of children. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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Schools PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 8 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1002/pits.20418 PG 8 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 486GR UT WOS:000269184800011 ER PT J AU Schrammel, F Pannasch, S Graupner, ST Mojzisch, A Velichkovsky, BM AF Schrammel, Franziska Pannasch, Sebastian Graupner, Sven-Thomas Mojzisch, Andreas Velichkovsky, Boris M. TI Virtual friend or threat? The effects of facial expression and gaze interaction on psychophysiological responses and emotional experience SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMG; Eye movements; Facial expression; Mutual gaze; Nonverbal communication; Pupillometry; Virtual characters ID SOCIAL-INTERACTION; FACES; DIRECTION; MIMICRY; AROUSAL; MODULATION; ATTENTION; AUTISM; EYES; PERCEPTION AB The present study aimed to investigate the impact of facial expression, gaze interaction, and gender on attention allocation, physiological arousal, facial muscle responses, and emotional experience in simulated social interactions. Participants viewed animated virtual characters varying in terms of gender, gaze interaction, and facial expression. We recorded facial EMG, fixation duration, pupil size, and subjective experience. Subject's rapid facial reactions (RFRs) differentiated more clearly between the character's happy and angry expression in the condition of mutual eye-to-eye contact. This finding provides evidence for the idea that RFRs are not simply motor responses, but part of an emotional reaction. Eye movement data showed that fixations were longer in response to both angry and neutral faces than to happy faces, thereby suggesting that attention is preferentially allocated to cues indicating potential threat during social interaction. C1 [Schrammel, Franziska; Pannasch, Sebastian; Graupner, Sven-Thomas; Velichkovsky, Boris M.] Tech Univ Dresden, Appl Cognit Res Unit, Inst Psychol 3, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Mojzisch, Andreas] Univ Gottingen, Inst Psychol, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. RP Schrammel, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Appl Cognit Res Unit, Inst Psychol 3, Helmholtzstr 10, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM schrammel@applied-cognition.org FU European NEST-Pathfinder [043261, 043297] FX The authors wish to thank V. Klucharev, M. Meinhold, and B. Schalitz for help creating the virtual agents. Thanks are also due to U. Buhss, M. Fink, and T. Goschke for providing assistance with parts of the equipment and for support during data collection and analysis. J. R. Helmert, F. Mulvey, and M. Heubner made valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This research was supported by two grants from the European NEST-Pathfinder Projects PERCEPT (No. 043261) and MINET (No. 043297). 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Dewey, Laura Rypma, Bart TI NEURAL MEDIATORS OF WORKING MEMORY DEFICITS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 21-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE autism spectrum disorder; fmri; working memory C1 [Colby, Amanda E.; Motes, Michael A.; Rypma, Bart] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Coleman, Alicia A.; Dewey, Laura] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 493NR UT WOS:000269744700861 ER PT J AU Mathewson, KJ Drmic, IE Jetha, MK Santesso, DL Bryson, SE Goldberg, JO Hall, GB Segalowitz, SJ Schmidt, LA AF Mathewson, Karen J. Drmic, Irene E. Jetha, Michelle K. Santesso, Diane L. Bryson, Susan E. Goldberg, Joel O. Hall, Geoffrey B. Segalowitz, Sidney J. Schmidt, Louis A. TI CARDIAC RESPONSES TO AFFECTIVE AUDITORY AND VISUAL STIMULI IN ADULTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 21-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE autism spectrum disorder; RSA; emotions C1 [Mathewson, Karen J.; Jetha, Michelle K.; Hall, Geoffrey B.; Schmidt, Louis A.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Drmic, Irene E.; Goldberg, Joel O.] York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Santesso, Diane L.; Segalowitz, Sidney J.] Brock Univ, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Bryson, Susan E.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 493NR UT WOS:000269744700178 ER PT J AU Mohapatra, L Schwartz, C Ono, K Hileman, C Kojkowski, N Henderson, H AF Mohapatra, Leena Schwartz, Caley Ono, Kim Hileman, Camilla Kojkowski, Nicole Henderson, Heather TI COMORBID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND ADHD: DIFFERENCES IN N2 AND P3 RESPONSES SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 21-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE autism; children; social and emotional competence C1 [Mohapatra, Leena; Ono, Kim; Hileman, Camilla; Kojkowski, Nicole; Henderson, Heather] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Schwartz, Caley] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 493NR UT WOS:000269744700886 ER PT J AU Neumann, N Dubischar-Krivec, AM Braun, C Boelte, S Poustka, F Birbaumer, N AF Neumann, Nicola Dubischar-Krivec, Anna M. Braun, Christoph Boelte, Sven Poustka, Fritz Birbaumer, Niels TI RECOGNITION MEMORY IN AUTISTIC INDIVIDUALS WITH OUTSTANDING MEMORY: AN MEG STUDY SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 21-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE autism; magnetencephalography; recognition memory C1 [Neumann, Nicola; Dubischar-Krivec, Anna M.; Braun, Christoph; Birbaumer, Niels] Univ Tubingen, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Boelte, Sven] Cent Inst Mental Hlth Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. [Poustka, Fritz] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Braun, Christoph/E-4561-2010 OI Braun, Christoph/0000-0002-7836-4010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 493NR UT WOS:000269744700825 ER PT J AU Santesso, DL Drmic, IE Jetha, MK Mathewson, KJ Bryson, SE Goldberg, JO Hall, GB Segalowitz, SJ Schmidt, LA AF Santesso, Diane L. Drmic, Irene E. Jetha, Michelle K. Mathewson, Karen J. Bryson, Susan E. Goldberg, Joel O. Hall, Geoffrey B. Segalowitz, Sidney J. Schmidt, Louis A. TI AN ERP SOURCE LOCALIZATION STUDY OF PERFORMANCE MONITORING IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Psychophysiological-Research CY OCT 21-24, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Soc Psychophysiol Res DE error-related negativity; autism spectrum disorder; anterior cingulate cortex C1 [Santesso, Diane L.; Segalowitz, Sidney J.] Brock Univ, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Drmic, Irene E.; Goldberg, Joel O.] York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Jetha, Michelle K.; Mathewson, Karen J.; Hall, Geoffrey B.; Schmidt, Louis A.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Bryson, Susan E.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 493NR UT WOS:000269744700177 ER PT J AU Dukes, C Lamar-Dukes, P AF Dukes, Charles Lamar-Dukes, Pamela TI Diversity: What We Know, What We Need to Know, and What We Need to Do SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE cultural diversity; severe disability; literacy; special education research ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AUTISM; FAMILIES; ISSUES; DISABILITIES; DIAGNOSIS; BEHAVIOR; SUPPORT C1 [Dukes, Charles] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Except Educ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Dukes, C (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Except Educ, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. 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PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400001 ER PT J AU Lamar-Dukes, P AF Lamar-Dukes, Pamela TI Reaching the Hard to Reach: A Review of an Initiative Aimed at Increasing Participation and Supports for People of Color With Disabilities and Their Families in Disability Organizations SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE organizational change; diversity; parent support; cultural competency; multicultural ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; DIVERSE FAMILIES; CHILDREN; AUTISM; PARENTS; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS; PROGRAMS; RACE AB Individuals of color with disabilities and/or their family members need access to services and supports that will assist them with daily life and a way to advocate for these services. Disability organizations, whose core mission is advocacy, have had difficulty attracting and maintaining persons of color with disabilities or their family members to their membership and, consequently, to the services or supports they offer. Connections and stronger outreach is needed in communities of color by disability and civil rights organizations to enhance the quality of life and services and supports received by people of color with disabilities. In this article, an innovative initiative designed to help people of color with disabilities and/or their family members to develop advocacy skills and to obtain membership in disability organizations while building capacity of the disability and/or civil rights organization involved is discussed, followed by implications and suggestions for future engagement and research. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Except Student Educ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. 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PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400002 ER PT J AU Tincani, M Travers, J Boutot, A AF Tincani, Matt Travers, Jason Boutot, Amanda TI Race, Culture, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Understanding the Role of Diversity in Successful Educational Interventions SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; diversity; disproportionate representation; administrative preference ID POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT; HEALTH-SERVICES; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; FAMILIES; PERSPECTIVES; DISABILITIES; PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD; IMPACT AB The reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased dramatically since the 1980s. In response, researchers, educators, and policy makers have sought to develop effective technologies for assessment and intervention. A focus on evidenced-based practices is logical, given significant deficits in language, social interaction, cognition, and adaptive behavior that comprise these conditions. Although critical, a technology of best practices is insufficient without understanding the important role that diversity plays in helping persons with ASD, particularly those with the most severe impairments, to lead fulfilling lives. The aim of the current article is threefold. First, we explore the concept of diversity with particular attention to neurodiversity among persons with ASD. We describe how cultural and linguistic diversity influence identification of students with ASD in special education, with data to suggest that racially diverse students are underrepresented in the autism category We then examine the educational process with particular focus on the impact of parent and family culture on perception of disability, the influence of diverse family systems on interventions, and the successful interventions for diverse contexts. We conclude with recommendations for culturally competent practice and research. C1 [Tincani, Matt] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Travers, Jason] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Tincani, M (reprint author), Temple Univ, 1301 Cecil B Moore Ave,Ritter Hall 367, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM tincani@temple.edu CR Alamsaputra DM, 2006, AUGMENT ALTERN COMM, V22, P258, DOI 10.1080/00498250600718555 Albin R. W., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Artiles A. 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PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400003 ER PT J AU Ming, K Dukes, C AF Ming, Kavin Dukes, Charles TI Literacy for Children With Moderate to Severe Disabilities: Taking Account of Diversity SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE literacy; moderate disabilities; severe disabilities; cultural diversity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RACE-ETHNICITY; STUDENTS; CULTURE; INSTRUCTION; PSYCHOLOGY; GUIDELINES; DIAGNOSIS AB The call for practice on the basis of evidence is slowly impacting the link between research and practice. Accompanying the call for evidence-based practice., concerns have been raised about constructing research questions that address the reality of applied settings, as well as arguments for including additional measures to ensure the internal and external validity of intervention studies. Because intervention research continues to evolve, now may be an appropriate time to begin posing questions about considerations of racial and ethnic diversity in this body of work. Validity is one of the most significant aspects of research and there seem to be few definitive notions about children with moderate to severe disabilities from diverse backgrounds. In an attempt to explore this issue, we chose a small part of the extant literature, specifically, the development of literacy, in an effort to examine how scholars report on diversity (e.g., race, ethnicity, culture). In this article we offer commentary on taking account of diversity in empirical research using the development of literacy in children with moderate to severe disabilities as an example. In addition, we also discuss the implications for future research and offer recommendations for taking account of diversity as a means to push the collective knowledge base forward. C1 [Ming, Kavin] Winthrop Univ, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. [Dukes, Charles] Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Ming, K (reprint author), Winthrop Univ, 204 Withers, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. EM mingk@winthrop.edu CR Alberto P. 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K., 2009, EDUC TREAT CHILD, V32, P551, DOI DOI 10.1353/ETC.0.0071 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TASH PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE, NW 7TH FLR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0274-9483 J9 RES PRACT PERS SEV D JI Res. Pract. Pers. Sev. Disabil. PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400004 ER PT J AU Jegatheesan, B AF Jegatheesan, Brinda TI Cross-Cultural Issues in Parent Professional Interactions: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Asian American Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Asian Americans; immigrant-refugee issues; parent professional interactions; qualitative research ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; SPECIAL NEEDS; PERSPECTIVES; SUPPORT; AUTISM; CARE; PARTNERSHIPS; FAMILIES; MEXICAN AB This study investigated the perspectives of 23 first-generation Asian American mothers of children with developmental disabilities. The intent was to explore the working relationships between the mothers and professionals in health care and special education in the United States. The participants in this study were from China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and India. Data were drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted over 16 months of fieldwork. The study revealed that mothers endured significant hardships because of communication and cultural barriers. Levels of English proficiency and acculturation as well as a variety of cultural factors were found to be the primary determinants of their perceptions of interactions with the professionals. Implications for professional practice and support for Asian American mothers are discussed. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jegatheesan, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, 322J Miller Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brinda@u.washington.edu CR Agar M. H., 1980, PROFESSIONAL STRANGE Ainbinder JG, 1998, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V23, P99, DOI 10.1093/jpepsy/23.2.99 BAILEY D, 1999, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V65, P376 Banks R. 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PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400007 ER PT J AU Delano, ME AF Delano, Monica E. TI Seeing is Believing: Video Self-Modeling for People with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. SO RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR PERSONS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Delano, Monica E.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Delano, ME (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. CR Bandura A., 1969, PRINCIPLES BEHAV MOD Bandura A, 1997, SELF EFFICACY EXERCI Buggey T, 2009, SEEING IS BELIEVING Grandin T., 1996, THINKING PICTURES Sherer M, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P140, DOI 10.1177/0145445501251008 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TASH PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE, NW 7TH FLR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0274-9483 J9 RES PRACT PERS SEV D JI Res. Pract. Pers. Sev. Disabil. PD FAL-WIN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 648RK UT WOS:000281711400010 ER PT J AU Tiger, JH Fisher, WW Toussaint, KA Kodak, T AF Tiger, Jeffrey H. Fisher, Wayne W. Toussaint, Karen A. Kodak, Tiffany TI Progressing from initially ambiguous functional analyses: Three case examples SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Aggression; Autism; Functional analysis; Methodology; Motivating operations; Negative reinforcement; Peer attention; Siblings; Social escape ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; ANTECEDENT INFLUENCES; ANALYSIS OUTCOMES; SOCIAL-AVOIDANCE; CHILDREN; EXTINCTION AB Most often functional analyses are initiated using a standard set of test conditions, similar to those described by Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman [Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1994). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 197-209 (Reprinted from Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2, 3-20, 1982)]. These test conditions involve the careful manipulation of motivating operations, discriminative stimuli, and reinforcement contingencies to determine the events related to the occurrence and maintenance of problem behavior. Some individuals display problem behavior that is occasioned and reinforced by idiosyncratic or otherwise unique combinations of environmental antecedents and consequences of behavior, which are unlikely to be detected using these standard assessment conditions. For these individuals, modifications to the standard test conditions or the inclusion of novel test conditions may result in clearer assessment outcomes. The current study provides three case examples of individuals whose functional analyses were initially undifferentiated; however, modifications to the standard conditions resulted in the identification of behavioral functions and the implementation of effective function-based treatments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tiger, Jeffrey H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fisher, Wayne W.; Kodak, Tiffany] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst, Omaha, NE USA. RP Tiger, JH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, 218 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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TI Parent training: A review of methods for children with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Parent training; Developmental disabilities; Children; Intellectual disability; Applied behavior analysis ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTALLY-RETARDED CHILDREN; SEVERE RETARDATION MESSIER; II DASH-II; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; SOCIAL-SKILLS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR AB Great strides have been made in the development of skills and procedures to aid children with developmental disabilities to establish maximum independence and quality of life. Paramount among the treatment methods that have empirical support are treatments based on applied behavior analysis. These methods are often very labor intensive. Thus, parent involvement in treatment implementation is advisable. A substantial literature on parent training for children has therefore emerged. 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PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.009 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 443CU UT WOS:000265888600017 PM 19246176 ER PT J AU Lacroix, A Guidetti, M Roge, B Reilly, J AF Lacroix, Agnes Guidetti, Michele Roge, Bernadette Reilly, Judy TI Recognition of emotional and nonemotional facial expressions: A comparison between Williams syndrome and autism SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; Autistic disorder; Emotion; Social cognition ID BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; FACE; INDIVIDUALS AB The aim of our study was to compare two neurodevelopmental disorders (Williams syndrome and autism) in terms of the ability to recognize emotional and nonemotional facial expressions. The comparison of these two disorders is particularly relevant to the investigation of face processing and should contribute to a better understanding of social behaviour and social cognition. Twelve participants with WS (from 6; 1 to 15 years) and twelve participants with autism (from 4;9 to 8 years) were matched on verbal mental age. Their performances were compared with those of twelve typically developing controls matched on verbal mental age (from 3; 1 to 9:2). A set of five tasks assessing different dimensions of emotional and nonemotional facial recognition were administered. Results indicated that recognition of emotional facial expressions is more impaired in Williams syndrome than in autism. Our study comparing Williams syndrome and autism over a small age range highlighted two distinct profiles which call into question the relationships between social behaviour/cognition and emotion perception. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lacroix, Agnes] Univ Rennes 2, CRPCC, EA 1285, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Reilly, Judy] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Reilly, Judy] Univ Poitiers, Ctr Rech Cognit & Apprentissage, CNRS, UMR 6234, Poitiers, France. [Guidetti, Michele; Roge, Bernadette] Univ Toulouse II Le Mirail, CERPP, Unite Rech Interdisciplinaire Octogone, EA N 4156, Toulouse, France. [Guidetti, Michele; Roge, Bernadette] Univ Toulouse II Le Mirail, Lab Cognit Commun & Dev ECCD, Unite Rech Interdisciplinaire Octogone, EA N 4156, Toulouse, France. RP Lacroix, A (reprint author), Univ Rennes 2, CRPCC, EA 1285, Pl Recteur H Le Moal, F-35043 Rennes, France. 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Dev. Disabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.02.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 443CU UT WOS:000265888600019 PM 19286347 ER PT J AU Dobre, M Popa, P Nechita, A Georgescu, LP AF Dobre, Michaela Popa, Paula Nechita, Aurel Georgescu, Lucian Puiu TI Clinical and paraclinical aspects in mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders SO REVISTA ROMANA DE MEDICINA DE LABORATOR LA English DT Article DE mental retardation; autism; anemia; metabolic acidosis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ANEMIA AB Mental retardation (RM) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are mental illnesses that severely impair individual development and have serious consequences that affect both family and community. The frequency of such illnesses is increasing, calling for a unitary collective effort towards diagnose and treatment. 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Romana Med. Lab. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 502FM UT WOS:000270441000007 ER PT J AU Sun, GH Yan, J Noltner, K Feng, JN Li, HT Sarkis, DA Sommer, SS Rossi, JJ AF Sun, Guihua Yan, Jin Noltner, Katie Feng, Jinong Li, Haitang Sarkis, Daniel A. Sommer, Steve S. Rossi, John J. TI SNPs in human miRNA genes affect biogenesis and function SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE microRNA; miRNA; SNP; miRNA-polymorphism; miR-SNP; miR-TS-SNP ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; MICRORNA TARGET SITES; RNAI ENZYME COMPLEX; DROSHA-DGCR8 COMPLEX; NUCLEAR EXPORT; MIR-146A GENE; EXPRESSION; BINDING; CANCER; VARIANTS AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-25-nucleotide-long, noncoding RNAs that are involved in translational regulation. Most miRNAs derive from a two-step sequential processing: the generation of pre-miRNA from pri-miRNA by the Drosha/DGCR8 complex in the nucleus, and the generation of mature miRNAs from pre-miRNAs by the Dicer/TRBP complex in the cytoplasm. Sequence variation around the processing sites, and sequence variations in the mature miRNA, especially the seed sequence, may have profound affects on miRNA biogenesis and function. In the context of analyzing the roles of miRNAs in Schizophrenia and Autism, we defined at least 24 human X-linked miRNA variants. Functional assays were developed and performed on these variants. In this study we investigate the affects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the generation of mature miRNAs and their function, and report that naturally occurring SNPs can impair or enhance miRNA processing as well as alter the sites of processing. Since miRNAs are small functional units, single base changes in both the precursor elements as well as the mature miRNA sequence may drive the evolution of new microRNAs by altering their biological function. Finally, the miRNAs examined in this study are X-linked, suggesting that the mutant alleles could be determinants in the etiology of diseases. C1 [Sun, Guihua; Li, Haitang; Rossi, John J.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Sun, Guihua] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Grad Sch Biol Sci, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Yan, Jin; Noltner, Katie; Feng, Jinong; Sommer, Steve S.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. [Sarkis, Daniel A.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Ruth & Eugene Roberts Summer Student Acad, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Rossi, JJ (reprint author), City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. EM jrossi@coh.org FU NIH [AI29329, HL07470] FX This work was supported by NIH grants AI29329 and HL07470 to J. J. R. We wish to thank Brain Luk for critical reading of this manuscript. 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We argue that the term is central to the management of the boundary between experts and nonexperts, with consequences for ideas of public engagement and participation. This article reports on two separate pieces of qualitative social research into recent UK public risk controversies with the aim of unfolding the processes by which anecdotal evidence comes to be defined. We do not define anecdotal evidence as an epistemic category that exists prior to the public controversies themselves; rather, we aim to show how the term is constructed and contested by expert and nonexpert actors. We find that anecdotal evidence comes to be accepted (albeit in different ways) by the main actors as an epistemic category, yet that it is multidimensional, open to interpretation as subjective reports, as an indicator of expert ignorance, as a source of novel hypotheses and as a set of political claims for recognition and inclusion. We conclude that the flexibility of anecdotal evidence at the boundary between science and its publics can offer opportunities for participation and engagement, as well as exclusion and alienation. C1 [Moore, Alfred] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Philosophy, Cork, Ireland. [Stilgoe, Jack] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Moore, A (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Dept Philosophy, Cork, Ireland. 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Technol. Hum. Values PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 654 EP 677 DI 10.1177/0162243908329382 PG 24 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 482SD UT WOS:000268908100005 ER PT J AU Dichter, GS Felder, JN Bodfish, JW AF Dichter, Gabriel S. Felder, Jennifer N. Bodfish, James W. TI Autism is characterized by dorsal anterior cingulate hyperactivation during social target detection SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism; fMRI; target detection; face processing; cingulate gyrus ID HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; COGNITIVE CONTROL; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; WORKING-MEMORY AB Though the functional neural correlates of impaired cognitive control and social dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been delineated, brain regions implicated in poor cognitive control of social information is a novel area of autism research. We recently reported in a non-clinical sample that detection of 'social oddball' targets activated a portion of the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and the supracalcarine cortex (Dichter, Felder, Bodfish, Sikich, and Belger, 2009). In the present investigation, we report functional magnetic resonance imaging results from individuals with ASD who completed the same social oddball task. Between-group comparisons revealed generally greater activation in the ASD group to both social and non-social targets. When responses to social and non-social targets were contrasted, the ASD group showed relatively greater activation in the right and middle inferior frontal gyri and a region in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex that abuts the dorsal anterior cingulate (Brodmann's Area 32). Further, dorsal anterior cingulate activation to social targets predicted the severity of social impairments in a subset of the ASD sample. These data suggest that the dorsal anterior cingulate mediates social target detection in neurotypical individuals and is implicated in deficits of cognitive control of social information in ASD. C1 [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Felder, Jennifer N.; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke UNC Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev & Learning, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Dichter, GS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, CB 3366, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dichter@med.unc.edu FU NIH (Piven) [1 U54 MH66418]; Dana Foundation (Dichter); UNC-Chapel Hill, NIH/NCRR [K12 RR023248, NIMH K23 MH081285] FX The authors would like to thank Josh Bizzell, Chris Petty, Todd Harshbarger and Syam Gadde for assistance with image analysis, Kimberly Hills for assistance with data collection, and MRI technologists Susan Music and Natalie Goutkin for assistance with data acquisition. This research was supported by the North Carolina Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment Center, Grant 1 U54 MH66418 from the NIH (Piven) and by the Dana Foundation (Dichter). Assistance for this study was provided by the Neuroimaging Core of the UNC Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center. G.D. was supported by a career development award from UNC-Chapel Hill, NIH/NCRR K12 RR023248 (Orringer) and NIMH K23 MH081285. 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PD SEP PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1093/scan/nsp017 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 486PV UT WOS:000269210400001 PM 19574440 ER PT J AU Yochum, CL Wagner, GC AF Yochum, Carrie L. Wagner, George C. TI Autism and Parkinson's Disease: Animal Models and a Common Etiological Mechanism SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal models; autism; Parkinson's disease; reactive oxygen species; antioxidants ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME; INDUCED NEURONAL DAMAGE; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHANGES; INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE AB Autism is a behaviorally-defined neurodevelopmental disorder that is difficult to diagnose, treat, and study due to its unknown etiology, widely varying symptoms, and lack of an identified neuropathology. In contrast, Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology that is well defined both behaviorally and neuropathologically. While clinically these two disorders appear to have little in common, we would like to present the hypothesis that their respective etiologies may share similar features. Both autism and Parkinson's disease are thought to be the result of interactions between environmental insult, genetic polymorphisms, and age. In addition, since no particular environmental toxicant has been identified as causal for either condition, we propose that any of a number of possible environmental toxicants interact with the individual's genetic sensitivity to cause the underlying neuronal damage. We suggest that while low levels of exposure to any of these individual toxicants may be well-tolerated by most individuals during early development, various combinations of the toxicants may exert a cumulative, deleterious effect. Likewise, although several genes have been linked to autism and Parkinson's disease, respectively, no single gene has been identified that can account for a majority of cases for either. Therefore, various combinations of genetic alterations predispose individuals to their respective disorders but it remains the case that the environmental exposure(s) must occur during critical periods of development for the eventual disease manifestation. The objective of this review is to provide examples from animal models that the etiologies of autism and Parkinson's disease have common features of toxicant-induced oxidative stress together with genetic deficiencies in the ability to manage reactive oxygen species and, furthermore, that therapeutic intervention using antioxidants delivered at the time of toxicant exposure may be beneficial for both. C1 [Yochum, Carrie L.; Wagner, George C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. RP Wagner, GC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Busch Campus, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. 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J. Physiol. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.4077/CJP.2009.AMH081 PG 14 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 489IT UT WOS:000269414500005 ER PT J AU Cheng, SB Amici, SA Ren, XQ Mckay, SB Treuil, MW Lindstrom, JM Rao, J Anand, R AF Cheng, Shi-Bin Amici, Stephanie A. Ren, Xiao-Qin McKay, Susan B. Treuil, Magdalen W. Lindstrom, Jon M. Rao, Jayaraman Anand, Rene TI Presynaptic Targeting of alpha 4 beta 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Is Regulated by Neurexin-1 beta SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; ALPHA-NEUREXINS; SYNAPSE FORMATION; INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; CELL-ADHESION; CA2+ CHANNELS; MICE LACKING; NEUROLIGIN; SUBUNIT AB The mechanisms involved in the targeting of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), critical for their functional organization at neuronal synapses, are not well understood. We have identified a novel functional association between alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs and the presynaptic cell adhesion molecule, neurexin-1 beta. In non-neuronal tsA 201 cells, recombinant neurexin-1 beta and mature alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs form complexes. alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs and neurexin-1 beta also coimmunoprecipitate from rat brain lysates. When exogenous alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs and neurexin-1 beta are coexpressed in hippocampal neurons, they are robustly targeted to hemi-synapses formed between these neurons and cocultured tsA 201 cells expressing neuroligin-1, a postsynaptic binding partner of neurexin-1 beta. The extent of synaptic targeting is significantly reduced in similar experiments using a mutant neurexin-1 beta lacking the extracellular domain. Additionally, when alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs, alpha 7 AChRs, and neurexin-1 beta are coexpressed in the same neuron, only the alpha 4 beta 2 AChR colocalizes with neurexin-1 beta at presynaptic terminals. Collectively, these data suggest that neurexin-1 beta targets alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs to presynaptic terminals, which mature by trans-synaptic interactions between neurexins and neuroligins. Interestingly, human neurexin-1 gene dysfunctions have been implicated in nicotine dependence and in autism spectrum disorders. Our results provide novel insights as to possible mechanisms by which dysfunctional neurexins, through downstream effects on alpha 4 beta 2 AChRs, may contribute to the etiology of these neurological disorders. C1 [Amici, Stephanie A.; McKay, Susan B.; Anand, Rene] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Treuil, Magdalen W.; Rao, Jayaraman] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Cheng, Shi-Bin; Ren, Xiao-Qin] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Neurosci, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Lindstrom, Jon M.] Univ Penn, Dept Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Anand, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, 796 Biomed Res Tower,460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM anand.20@osu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 DA019675, RO1 NS011323]; Millennium Trust Health Excellence Fund HEF [(2002-2007)-SCP-01] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants RO1 DA019675 (to R. A.) and RO1 NS011323 (to J.M.L.). This work was also supported by the Millennium Trust Health Excellence Fund HEF (2002-2007)-SCP-01 (to R. A. and J.R.). 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Our objective is to develop viral vectors for MECP2 gene transfer into Neural Stem Cells (NSC) and neurons suitable for gene therapy of Rett Syndrome. Methodology/Principal Findings: We generated self-inactivating (SIN) retroviral vectors with the ubiquitous EF1 alpha promoter avoiding known silencer elements to escape stem-cell-specific viral silencing. High efficiency NSC infection resulted in long-term EGFP expression in transduced NSC and after differentiation into neurons. Infection with Myc-tagged MECP2-isoformspecific (E1 and E2) vectors directed MeCP2 to heterochromatin of transduced NSC and neurons. In contrast, vectors with an internal mouse Mecp2 promoter (MeP) directed restricted expression only in neurons and glia and not NSC, recapitulating the endogenous expression pattern required to avoid detrimental consequences of MECP2 ectopic expression. In differentiated NSC from adult heterozygous Mecp2(tm1.1Bird)+/- female mice, 48% of neurons expressed endogenous MeCP2 due to random inactivation of the X-linked Mecp2 gene. Retroviral MECP2 transduction with EF1a and MeP vectors rescued expression in 95-100% of neurons resulting in increased dendrite branching function in vitro. Insulated MECP2 isoformspecific lentiviral vectors show long-term expression in NSC and their differentiated neuronal progeny, and directly infect dissociated murine cortical neurons with high efficiency. Conclusions/Significance: MeP vectors recapitulate the endogenous expression pattern of MeCP2 in neurons and glia. They have utility to study MeCP2 isoform-specific functions in vitro, and are effective gene therapy vectors for rescuing dendritic maturation of neurons in an ex vivo model of RTT. RP Rastegar, M (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Regenerat Med Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. 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With near infrared spectroscopy, we measured auditory evoked-responses in the temporal areas to phonemic and prosodic contrasts in word contexts. The results of TDC showed stronger left-dominant and right-dominant responses to phonemic and prosodic differences, respectively. Furthermore, although ASD children displayed similar tendencies, the functional asymmetry for phonemic changes was relatively weak, suggesting less-specialized left-brain functions. The typical asymmetry for the prosodic condition was further discussed in terms of acoustic-physical perceptual ability of ASD children. The study revealed differential neural recruitment in decoding phonetic cues between ASD children and TDC and verified the applicability of near infrared spectroscopy as a suitable neuroimaging method for children with developmental disorders. NeuroReport 20:1219-1224 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Minagawa-Kawai, Yasuyo] Keio Univ, Grad Sch Human Relat, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Naoi, Nozomi; Kikuchi, Naoko; Yamamoto, Jun-ichi; Kojima, Shozo] Keio Univ, Dept Psychol, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Minagawa-Kawai, Yasuyo; Naoi, Nozomi; Yamamoto, Jun-ichi; Nakamura, Katsuki; Kojima, Shozo] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Saitama, Japan. [Nakamura, Katsuki] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Aichi, Japan. RP Minagawa-Kawai, Y (reprint author), 2-15-45 Mita,Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088345, Japan. EM myasuyo@bea.hi-ho.ne.jp FU Japan Agency of Science and Technology; Global COE (Center of Excellence) program Keio University FX The authors thank R. Tsuchiya for help with recruiting children, S. Minagawa for help with the experiment, T Imaizumi for providing us with the sound stimuli, E Ramus for comments on the first draft, and S. Harcourt-Brown for assistance with English in the first draft. This work was supported by Japan Agency of Science and Technology and the Global COE (Center of Excellence) program Keio University. 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Botbol, Michel Brailly-Tabard, Sylvie Perez-Diaz, Fernando Graignic, Rozenn Carlier, Michele Schmit, Gerard Rolland, Anne-Catherine Bonnot, Olivier Trabado, Severine Roubertoux, Pierre Bronsard, Guillaume TI Pain Reactivity and Plasma beta-Endorphin in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Disorder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MENTALLY-RETARDED CLIENTS; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; INFANTILE-AUTISM; DOUBLE-BLIND; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; PEDIATRIC PAIN; NALTREXONE; INDIVIDUALS; SEROTONIN; NALOXONE AB Background: Reports of reduced pain sensitivity in autism have prompted opioid theories of autism and have practical care ramifications. Our objective was to examine behavioral and physiological pain responses, plasma beta-endorphin levels and their relationship in a large group of individuals with autism. Methodology/Principal Findings: The study was conducted on 73 children and adolescents with autism and 115 normal individuals matched for age, sex and pubertal stage. Behavioral pain reactivity of individuals with autism was assessed in three observational situations (parents at home, two caregivers at day-care, a nurse and child psychiatrist during blood drawing), and compared to controls during venepuncture. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. A high proportion of individuals with autism displayed absent or reduced behavioral pain reactivity at home (68.6%), at day-care (34.2%) and during venepuncture (55.6%). Despite their high rate of absent behavioral pain reactivity during venepuncture (41.3 vs. 8.7% of controls, P < 0.0001), individuals with autism displayed a significantly increased heart rate in response to venepuncture (P < 0.05). Moreover, this response (D heart rate) was significantly greater than for controls (mean +/- SEM; 6.4 +/- 2.5 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.8 beats/min, P < 0.05). Plasma beta-endorphin levels were higher in the autistic group (P < 0.001) and were positively associated with autism severity (P < 0.001) and heart rate before or after venepuncture (P < 0.05), but not with behavioral pain reactivity. Conclusions/Significance: The greater heart rate response to venepuncture and the elevated plasma beta-endorphin found in individuals with autism reflect enhanced physiological and biological stress responses that are dissociated from observable emotional and behavioral reactions. The results suggest strongly that prior reports of reduced pain sensitivity in autism are related to a different mode of pain expression rather than to an insensitivity or endogenous analgesia, and do not support opioid theories of autism. Clinical care practice and hypotheses regarding underlying mechanisms need to assume that children with autism are sensitive to pain. RP Tordjman, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 05, Lab Psychol Percept, UMR 8158, CNRS, Paris, France. 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Isaac, Alfred O. Chatterji, Tanushree Lai, James C. K. TI Reduced glutathione regenerating enzymes undergo developmental decline and sexual dimorphism in the rat cerebral cortex SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Glutathione; Glutathione regeneration; NADPH; Neurodevelopment; Oxidative stress; Sexual dimorphism ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DEVELOPING BRAIN; ANIMAL-MODELS; ANTIOXIDANT; NEURODEGENERATION; METABOLISM; PEROXYNITRITE AB Oxidative stress during development may predispose humans to neurodegenerative disorders in old age. Moreover, numerous ailments of brain disproportionately affect one of the genders. We therefore hypothesized that, activities of enzymes regenerating and utilizing glutathione (GSH) show sexual dimorphism and developmental differences in rat brain. To test this hypothesis, we collected cortex tissue from male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at post-natal day (PN) 5, PN 10, PN 20, PN 30, and PN 60. We measured tissue levels of NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and, glutathione reductase (GR) by UV spectrophotometry and determined glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression therein by western blotting. Our results showed that sexual maturation had an impact on activities of enzymes that regenerate and utilize GSH and rat female cortex had more anti-oxidant capacity. Moreover, age-related decline in the activities of these key enzymes were observed. Reduced glutathione and NADPH protects the brain from oxidative stress. Thus, our results may have implications for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and developmental disorders of brain like autism in which oxidative stress plays a key role. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dukhande, Vikas V.; Isaac, Alfred O.; Chatterji, Tanushree; Lai, James C. K.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Dukhande, Vikas V.; Isaac, Alfred O.; Chatterji, Tanushree; Lai, James C. K.] Idaho State Univ, Biomed Res Inst, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Dukhande, Vikas V.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Lai, JCK (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Campus Box 8288, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM lai@otc.isu.edu FU Idaho Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network (NIH NCRR) [BRINIP20RR016454]; INBRE NIH [P20RR016454] FX This study was supported by a grant from Idaho Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network (NIH NCRR BRINIP20RR016454). V.V. Dukhande thanks the Idaho INBRE NIH program (grant # P20RR016454) for a research fellowship. 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PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 1286 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.029 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 488VI UT WOS:000269378000003 PM 19450567 ER PT J AU Zhu, BH Yadav, N Rey, G Godavarty, A AF Zhu, Banghe Yadav, Nitin Rey, Gustavo Godavarty, Anuradha TI Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation to joint attention experience SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Joint attention; Diffuse optical imaging; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Hemodynamic response; Brain activation ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PREMATURE-INFANT BRAIN; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; CORTEX; TOMOGRAPHY; CONNECTIVITY; PERSPECTIVES; STIMULATION AB In the early development of social cognition and language, infants tend to participate in face-to-face interactions engaging in joint attention exchanges. joint attention is vital to social competence at all ages, lacking which is a primary feature to distinguish autistic from non-autistic population. In this study, diffuse optical imaging is used for the first time to investigate the joint attention experience in normal adults. Imaging studies were performed in the frontal regions of the brain (BA9 and BA10) in order to study the differences in the brain activation in response to video clips corresponding to joint attention based skills. The frontal regions of the brain were non-invasively imaged using a novel optical cap coupled to a frequency-domain optical imaging system. The statistical analysis from 11 normal adult subjects, with three repetitions from each subject, indicated that the averaged changes in the cerebral blood oxygenation levels were different under the joint and non-joint attention based stimulus. The preliminary studies demonstrate the feasibility of implementing diffuse optical imaging towards autism-related research to study the brain activation in response to socio-communication skills. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhu, Banghe; Yadav, Nitin; Godavarty, Anuradha] Florida Int Univ, Opt Imaging Lab, Dept Biomed Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Rey, Gustavo] Miami Childrens Hosp, Inst Brain, Miami, FL 33155 USA. RP Godavarty, A (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Opt Imaging Lab, Dept Biomed Engn, 10555 W,Flagler St,EC 2675, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM godavart@fiu.edu FU Marino Autism Research Institute (MARI); Don Marino Foundation via University of Miami FX The work is funded by Marino Autism Research Institute (MARI) funds provided by the Don Marino Foundation via University of Miami. The authors would like to thank Dr. Justin Williams for permitting us to use his video clips (for the various stimuli) that were provided to us via Dr. Peter Mundy, for the experimental design and study. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 24 PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.029 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 454PU UT WOS:000266695600006 PM 19447278 ER PT J AU Koike, H Ibi, D Mizoguchi, H Nagai, T Nitta, A Takuma, K Nabeshima, T Yoneda, Y Yamada, K AF Koike, Hiroyuki Ibi, Daisuke Mizoguchi, Hiroyuki Nagai, Taku Nitta, Atsumi Takuma, Kazuhiro Nabeshima, Toshitaka Yoneda, Yukio Yamada, Kiyofumi TI Behavioral abnormality and pharmacologic response in social isolation-reared mice SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social isolation; Methylphenidate; Clozapine; Fluoxetine; Aggressive behavior; Anxiety-like behavior; Social interaction ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; SEROTONERGIC FUNCTION; RECOGNITION MEMORY; 5-HT1B RECEPTORS; FORCED SWIM AB Social isolation (SI) rearing in rodents causes a variety of behavioral changes, including hyperlocomotion, anxiety, impulsivity, aggression, and learning and memory deficits. These behavioral abnormalities in rodents may be related to the symptoms in patients with neuro psychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, schizophrenia and depression. In this study, we examined the effect of long-term SI rearing after weaning on emotional behaviors and cognitive function in mice. Furthermore, the effects of methylphenidate (MPH), clozapine (CLZ)and fluoxetine (FIX) on SI-induced behavioral changes were examined to measure the predictive validity of SI-reared mice as an animal model for these neuropsychiatric disorders. MPH improved SI-induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, but had no effect on aggressive behavior. In contrast, CLZ ameliorated aggressive behavior, but not anxiety-like behavior in SI-reared mice. Repeated FIX treatment prevented SI-induced aggressive behavior and social interaction deficits. These findings suggest that SI-induced behavioral abnormality is a psychobehavioral complex relevant to various clinical symptoms observed in neuro psychiatric disorders and that SI-reared mice are a useful animal model to study the pathophysiology/pathogenesis of these diseases. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yamada, Kiyofumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol & Hosp Pharm, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. [Koike, Hiroyuki; Yoneda, Yukio] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Mol Pharmacol Lab, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Mizoguchi, Hiroyuki] Nagoya Univ, Environm Med Res Inst, Futurist Environm Simulat Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takuma, Kazuhiro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Lab Med Pharmacol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Nabeshima, Toshitaka] Meijo Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Chem Pharmacol, Nagoya, Aichi 4688503, Japan. [Yamada, Kiyofumi] JST, CREST, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. RP Yamada, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol & Hosp Pharm, Showa Ku, 65 Tsurumai Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4668560, Japan. EM kyamada@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp FU JSPS [19390062]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Academic Frontier Project for Private Universities; MEXT, 2007-2011; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Takeda Science Foundation; AstraZeneca Research; JST, CREST FX This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no.19390062) from the JSPS, the global COE program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, the Academic Frontier Project for Private Universities; matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2007-2011, the Research on Risk of Chemical Substances, Health and Labour Science Research Grants supported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Takeda Science Foundation, AstraZeneca Research Grant 2008, and JST, CREST. 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Brain Res. PD AUG 24 PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.028 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 454PU UT WOS:000266695600015 PM 19447287 ER PT J AU van Os, J Kapur, S AF van Os, Jim Kapur, Shitij TI Schizophrenia SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CANNABIS-INDUCED PSYCHOSIS; SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; FOLLOW-UP; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; LONG-TERM; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER; NONAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES AB Schizophrenia is still one of the most mysterious and costliest mental disorders in terms of human suffering and societal expenditure. Here, we focus on the key developments in biology, epidemiology, and pharmacology of schizophrenia and provide a syndromal framework in which these aspects can be understood together. Symptoms typically emerge in adolescence and early adulthood. The incidence of the disorder varies greatly across places and migrant groups, as do symptoms, course, and treatment response across individuals. Genetic vulnerability is shared in part with bipolar disorder and recent molecular genetic findings also indicate an overlap with developmental disorders such as autism. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with demonstrable alterations in brain structure and changes in dopamine neurotransmission, the latter being directly related to hallucinations and delusions. Pharmacological treatments, which block the dopamine system, are effective for delusions and hallucinations but less so for disabling cognitive and motivational impairments. Specific vocational and psychological interventions, in combination with antipsychotic medication in a context of community-case management, can improve functional outcome but are not widely available. 100 years after being so named, research is beginning to understand the biological mechanisms underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia and the psychosocial factors that moderate their expression. Although current treatments provide control rather than cure, long-term hospitalisation is not required and prognosis is better than traditionally assumed. C1 [van Os, Jim] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Psychol,EURON, S Limburg Mental Hlth Res & Teaching Network, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [van Os, Jim; Kapur, Shitij] Kings Coll London, Div Psychol Med, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP van Os, J (reprint author), Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Psychol,EURON, S Limburg Mental Hlth Res & Teaching Network, POB 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. 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VL 374 IS 9690 BP 635 EP 645 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 486TU UT WOS:000269222600024 PM 19700006 ER PT J AU Roberson, EDO Pevsner, J AF Roberson, Elisha D. O. Pevsner, Jonathan TI Visualization of Shared Genomic Regions and Meiotic Recombination in High-Density SNP Data SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: A fundamental goal of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is to determine the sharing of alleles between individuals across genomic loci. Such analyses have diverse applications in defining the relatedness of individuals (including unexpected relationships in nominally unrelated individuals, or consanguinity within pedigrees), analyzing meiotic crossovers, and identifying a broad range of chromosomal anomalies such as hemizygous deletions and uniparental disomy, and analyzing population structure. Principal Findings: We present SNPduo, a command-line and web accessible tool for analyzing and visualizing the relatedness of any two individuals using identity by state. Using identity by state does not require prior knowledge of allele frequencies or pedigree information, and is more computationally tractable and is less affected by population stratification than calculating identity by descent probabilities. The web implementation visualizes shared genomic regions, and generates UCSC viewable tracks. The command-line version requires pedigree information for compatibility with existing software and determining specified relationships even though pedigrees are not required for IBS calculation, generates no visual output, is written in portable C++, and is well-suited to analyzing large datasets. We demonstrate how the SNPduo web tool identifies meiotic crossover positions in siblings, and confirm our findings by visualizing meiotic recombination in synthetic three-generation pedigrees. We applied SNPduo to 210 nominally unrelated Phase I / II HapMap samples and, consistent with previous findings, identified six undeclared pairs of related individuals. We further analyzed identity by state in 2,883 individuals from multiplex families with autism and identified a series of anomalies including related parents, an individual with mosaic loss of chromosome 18, an individual with maternal heterodisomy of chromosome 16, and unexplained replicate samples. Conclusions: SNPduo provides the ability to explore and visualize SNP data to characterize the relatedness between individuals. It is compatible with, but distinct from, other established analysis software such as PLINK, and performs favorably in benchmarking studies for the analyses of genetic relatedness. RP Roberson, EDO (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Program Human Genet, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. 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Miller Ni, Li TI Prostaglandins compromise basal forebrain cholinergic neuron differentiation and survival: Action at EP1/3 receptors results in AIF-induced death SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apoptosis-inducing factor; Autism; Cholinergic; Choline acetyltransferase; Prostaglandin; PGE2 ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CASPASE-DEPENDENT APOPTOSIS; CULTURED CORTICAL-NEURONS; FETAL-BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL; PGE(2) EP2 RECEPTOR; PROSTANOID RECEPTORS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AB Activated microglia produce a factor or cocktail of factors that promotes cholinergic neuronal differentiation of undifferentiated precursors in the embryonic basal forebrain (BF) in vitro. To determine whether microglial prostaglandins mediate this action, microglia were stimulated in the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen, and microglial conditioned medium (CM) was used to culture rat BF precursors at embryonic day 15. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity served as a measure of cholinergic differentiation. While inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis did not affect the ability of microglial CM to promote ChAT activity, treatment of microglia with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibited it. Agonists of E prostanoid receptors EP2 (butaprost) and EP1/3 (sulprostone) mimicked PGE2, while misoprostol (E1-4) actually enhanced the action of CM. PGE2 added directly to BF cultures together with microglial CM also inhibited ChAT activity. While BF cultures expressed all four prostanoid receptors, direct addition of sulprostone but not butaprost mimicked PGE2, suggesting that PGE2 engaged EP1/3 receptors in the BF. Neither PKA inhibition by H89 nor CAMP induction by forskolin or dibutyrl-cAMP altered the action of sulprostone. Sulprostone severely compromised ChAT activity, dendrite number, axonal length and axonal branching, but caspase inhibition did not restore these. However, sulprostone resulted in increased staining intensity and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) suggesting caspase-independent cell death. We have found that PGE2 action at microglial EP2 receptors inhibits the microglial production of the cholinergic differentiating cocktail, while action at neuronal EP3 receptors has a deleterious effect on cholinergic neurons causing neurite retraction and cell death. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Federated Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Jonakait, G. Miller] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Jonakait, GM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 195 Univ Ave,Room 206, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM Jonakait@andromeda.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation; NJ Commission on Autism and Cure Autism Now FX We thank Maxine Rusbasan for technical work on this project. 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PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 1285 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.037 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 487MB UT WOS:000269277300004 PM 19555672 ER PT J AU Vaccarino, FM Smith, KM AF Vaccarino, Flora M. Smith, Karen Mueller TI Increased Brain Size in Autism-What It Will Take to Solve a Mystery SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MATTER VOLUME INCREASE; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; FGF RECEPTOR; DISORDER C1 [Vaccarino, Flora M.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Program Neurodev & Regenerat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Vaccarino, FM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.013 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200003 PM 19643218 ER PT J AU Freitag, CM Luders, E Hulst, HE Narr, KL Thompson, PM Toga, AW Krick, C Konrad, C AF Freitag, Christine M. Luders, Eileen Hulst, Hanneke E. Narr, Katherine L. Thompson, Paul M. Toga, Arthur W. Krick, Christoph Konrad, Carsten TI Total Brain Volume and Corpus Callosum Size in Medication-Naive Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; corpus callosum; motor abilities; voxel-based morphometry ID WHITE; METAANALYSIS; MORPHOMETRY; DEFICITS AB Background: Increased total brain volume (TBV) has been reported for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but studies in older ASD subjects have been contradictory. Similarly, studies of corpus callosum (CC) area in ASD differ with regard to inclusion criteria, age, and IQ. Methods: In the present study, TBV, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) volume as well as midsagittal CC area were compared between 15 medication-naive, high-functioning adolescent and young adult ASD subjects and 15 healthy control individuals, and correlations with visuomotor coordination and imitation abilities were explored. In addition, computational surface-based methods were implemented to encode callosal thickness at high spatial resolution. Results: Total brain volume, GM, and WM were increased and CC area was decreased in ASD subjects, a finding that was predominantly due to ASD subjects with lower IQ. Positive correlations of IQ with volume measures were observed only in control subjects. Autism spectrum disorder subjects showed reduced thickness in the posterior part of the CC. White matter volume showed a trend for negative correlation with dynamic balance and imitation abilities across groups. Conclusions: This study replicates previous structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in ASD, emphasizes the role of IQ differences, and adds some evidence for functional implications of structural findings. C1 [Freitag, Christine M.] Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Luders, Eileen; Narr, Katherine L.; Thompson, Paul M.; Toga, Arthur W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Lab NeuroImaging, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Krick, Christoph] Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Neuroradiol, Homburg, Germany. [Freitag, Christine M.] Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Homburg, Germany. [Hulst, Hanneke E.; Konrad, Carsten] Univ Munster, Interdisciplinary Ctr Clin Res IZKF, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Munster, Germany. RP Freitag, CM (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 316 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.011 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200004 PM 19409535 ER PT J AU Hardan, AY Libove, RA Keshavan, MS Melhem, NM Minshew, NJ AF Hardan, Antonio Y. Libove, Robin A. Keshavan, Matcheri S. Melhem, Nadine M. Minshew, Nancy J. TI A Preliminary Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Volume and Cortical Thickness in Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Cerebral cortex; clinical features; development; repetitive behaviors; severity; social deficits ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CHILDREN; MRI AB Background: Autism is a developmental neurobiologic disorder associated with structural and functional abnormalities in several brain regions including the cerebral cortex. This longitudinal study examined developmental changes in brain volume and cortical thickness (CT) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with autism. Methods: MRI scans and behavioral measures were obtained at baseline and after a 30-month interval in a sample of male subjects with autism (n = 18) and healthy age-, and sex-matched control subjects (n = 16) between ages 8 and 12 years at baseline. Results: No differences in brain volumes were observed between the autism and control subjects at baseline or follow-up. However, differences in total gray matter volumes were observed over time with significantly greater decreases in the autism group compared with control subjects. Differences in CT were observed over time with greater decreases in the autism group compared with control subjects in several brain regions including the frontal lobe. When accounting for multiple comparisons, differences between the two groups became nonsignificant except for changes in occipital CT. Furthermore, associations were observed between several clinical features and changes in CT with greater thinning of the cortex being correlated with more severe symptomatology. Conclusions: Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence for age-related changes in gray matter volume and CT in children with autism that are associated with symptoms severity. Future longitudinal studies of larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate developmental changes and examine the relationships between structural abnormalities and clinical expressions of the disorder. C1 [Hardan, Antonio Y.; Libove, Robin A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Beth Israel & Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hardanay@stanford.edu RI Melhem, Nadine/G-1510-2013 FU National Institute of Mental Health Research [MH-64027] FX The study was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Research Grant MH-64027 to Dr. Hardan. We thank, the participants and their families for their effort and commitment to this study. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.024 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200005 PM 19520362 ER PT J AU Langen, M Schnack, HG Nederveen, H Bos, D Lahuis, BE de Jonge, MV van Engeland, H Durston, S AF Langen, Marieke Schnack, Hugo G. Nederveen, Hilde Bos, Dienke Lahuis, Bertine E. de Jonge, Maretha V. van Engeland, Herman Durston, Sarah TI Changes in the Developmental Trajectories of Striatum in Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; development; repetitive behavior; striatum; structural MRI ID CAUDATE-NUCLEUS VOLUME; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; BASAL GANGLIA VOLUMES; WHITE-MATTER; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; MR-IMAGES; CHILDREN AB Background: Repetitive and stereotyped behavior has been associated with striatum in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, striatal involvement has not yet been shown conclusively in autism. issues include the use of neuroleptic medication and differences in mean age between samples, where conflicting results may reflect differences in developmental stage between samples. The objective was to examine brain development in a homogeneous sample of subjects with high-functioning autism. Methods: Magnetic resonance measures of brain structure of 188 individuals (99 subjects with high-functioning autism and 89 typically developing, matched control subjects) aged between 6 years and 25 years were compared. Measurements included the volume of brain structures, including striatum, as well as voxel-based assessment of gray matter density. Results: Developmental trajectories of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens differed between subjects with autism and control subjects. Results were not accounted for by overall changes in brain volume or neuroleptic medication. The development of the caudate nucleus differed from typical most, as its volume increased with age in autism, while it decreased for control subjects. Voxel-based analysis showed that changes in striatum localized to the head of the caudate nucleus. Overall, caudate nucleus volume was associated with repetitive behavior in autism. Conclusions: We report changes in striatal development in autism, while caudate volume is associated with repetitive behaviors. This emphasizes the importance of striatum in the etiology of autism, in particular in the development of repetitive behavior that characterizes the disorder. C1 [Langen, Marieke] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging NICHE Lab, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Schnack, Hugo G.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Langen, M (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging NICHE Lab, HP A01-468-438,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM m.langen@umcutrecht.nl FU Korczak Foundation FX This study was financially supported by the Korczak Foundation. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.017 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200006 PM 19423078 ER PT J AU Depienne, C Moreno-De-Luca, D Heron, D Bouteiller, D Gennetier, A Delorme, R Chaste, P Siffroi, JP Chantot-Bastaraud, S Benyahia, B Trouillard, O Nygren, G Kopp, S Johansson, M Rastam, M Burglen, L Leguern, E Verloes, A Leboyer, M Brice, A Gillberg, C Betancur, C AF Depienne, Christel Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel Heron, Delphine Bouteiller, Delphine Gennetier, Aurelie Delorme, Richard Chaste, Pauline Siffroi, Jean-Pierre Chantot-Bastaraud, Sandra Benyahia, Baya Trouillard, Oriane Nygren, Gudrun Kopp, Svenny Johansson, Maria Rastam, Maria Burglen, Lydie Leguern, Eric Verloes, Alain Leboyer, Marion Brice, Alexis Gillberg, Christopher Betancur, Catalina TI Screening for Genomic Rearrangements and Methylation Abnormalities of the 15q11-q13 Region in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; chromosome 15; deletion; duplication; Angelman syndrome; MLPA ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; PROXIMAL 15Q; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; CHROMOSOME 15Q11-Q13; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW AB Background: Maternally derived duplications of the 15q11-q13 region are the most frequently reported chromosomal aberrations in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, caused by 15q11-q13 deletions or abnormal methylation of imprinted genes, are also associated with ASD. However, the prevalence of these disorders in ASD is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of 15q11-q13 rearrangements in a large sample of patients ascertained for ASD. Methods: A total of 522 patients belonging to 430 families were screened for deletions, duplications, and methylation abnormalities involving 15q11-q13 with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: We identified four patients with 15q11-q13 abnormalities: a supernumerary chromosome 15, a paternal interstitial duplication, and two subjects with Angelman syndrome, one with a maternal deletion and the other with a paternal uniparental disomy. Conclusions: Our results show that abnormalities of the 15q11-q13 region area significant cause of ASD, accounting for approximately 1% of cases. Maternal interstitial 15q11-q13 duplications, previously reported to be present in 1% of patients with ASD, were not detected in our sample. Although paternal duplications of chromosome 15 remain phenotypically silent in the majority of patients, they can give rise to developmental delay and ASD in some subjects, suggesting that paternally expressed genes in this region can contribute to ASD, albeit with reduced penetrance compared with maternal duplications. These findings indicate that patients with ASD should be routinely screened for 15q genomic imbalances and methylation abnormalities and that MLPA is a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method to perform this screening. C1 [Siffroi, Jean-Pierre; Chantot-Bastaraud, Sandra; Burglen, Lydie] Hop Trousseau, AP HP, Serv Genet & Embryol Med, F-75571 Paris, France. [Verloes, Alain] Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Genet, F-75019 Paris, France. [Delorme, Richard; Chaste, Pauline] Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-75019 Paris, France. [Gillberg, Christopher] Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Nygren, Gudrun; Kopp, Svenny; Rastam, Maria; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Leboyer, Marion] Univ Paris 12, Fac Med, Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U841, Inst Mondor Rech Biomed, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Grp Hosp Henri Mondor & Albert Chenevier, AP HP, Dept Psychiat, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Betancur, Catalina] Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U513, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Depienne, Christel; Heron, Delphine; Benyahia, Baya; Trouillard, Oriane; Leguern, Eric; Brice, Alexis] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Dept Genet Cytogenet & Embryol, F-75634 Paris, France. [Depienne, Christel; Bouteiller, Delphine; Leguern, Eric; Brice, Alexis] INSERM, U679, Paris, France. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.025 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200009 PM 19278672 ER PT J AU D'Cruz, AM Mosconi, MW Steele, S Rubin, LH Luna, B Minshew, N Sweeney, JA AF D'Cruz, Anna-Maria Mosconi, Matthew W. Steele, Shelly Rubin, Leah H. Luna, Beatriz Minshew, Nancy Sweeney, John A. TI Lateralized Response Timing Deficits in Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; left hemisphere; predictive saccade; prefrontal cortex; procedural learning; striatum ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BASAL GANGLIA; MOTOR; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; CHILDREN; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS AB Background: Procedural learning is an implicit process in which a behavioral response is refined through repeated performance. Neural systems supporting this cognitive process include specific frontostriatal systems responsible for the preparation and timing of planned motor responses. Evaluating performance on procedural learning tasks can provide unique information about neurodevelopmental disorders in which frontostriatal disturbances have been reported, such as autism. Methods: Fifty-two individuals with autism and 54 age-, IQ-, and gender-matched healthy individuals performed an oculomotor serial reaction time task and a sensorimotor control task. Results: Whereas the rate of procedural learning and the precision of planned motor responses were unimpaired in autism, a lateralized alteration in the ability to time predictive responses was observed. Rightward saccadic responses were speeded in individuals with autism relative to healthy control subjects. Conclusions: Speeded rightward predictive saccades suggest atypical functioning of left hemisphere striatal chronometric systems in autism. C1 [D'Cruz, Anna-Maria; Mosconi, Matthew W.; Steele, Shelly; Rubin, Leah H.; Sweeney, John A.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Cognit Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Luna, Beatriz; Minshew, Nancy] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Sweeney, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Ctr Cognit Med, 912 S Wood St,MC 913, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM jsweeney@psych.uic.edu RI Luna, Beatriz/F-1201-2010 FU National Alliance for Autism Research [HD35469, HD055751]; University of Illinois Graduate Student Fellowship [T32MH085391] FX This study was supported by HD35469, HD055751, the National Alliance for Autism Research, T32MH085391, and the University of Illinois Graduate Student Fellowship. We also gratefully acknowledge the participation of the individual subjects and their families. 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Psychiatry PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.008 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 481VL UT WOS:000268840200014 PM 19232577 ER PT J AU De Felice, C Ciccoli, L Leoncini, S Signorini, C Rossi, M Vannuccini, L Guazzi, G Latini, G Comporti, M Valacchi, G Hayek, J AF De Felice, Claudio Ciccoli, Lucia Leoncini, Silvia Signorini, Cinzia Rossi, Marcello Vannuccini, Laura Guazzi, Gianni Latini, Giuseppe Comporti, Mario Valacchi, Giuseppe Hayek, Joussef TI Systemic oxidative stress in classic Rett syndrome SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Rett syndrome; MeCP2; Oxidative stress; Hypoxia; Pathogenesis; Isoprostanes; Autism spectrum disorders; Free radicals ID PROTEIN-BOUND IRON; HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA; MOUSE MODEL; CELL-DEATH; MECP2; PLASMA; RELEASE; F-2-ISOPROSTANES; NEWBORNS; BINDING AB Rett syndrome (RS). a progressive severe neurodevelopmental disorder mainly caused by de novo mutations in the X-chromosomal MeCP2 gene encoding the transcriptional regulator methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, is a leading cause of mental retardation with autistic features in females. However, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and no effective therapy is available to date. We hypothesized that a systemic oxidative stress may play a key role in the pathogenesis of classic RS. Patients with classic RS (n = 59) and control subjects (n = 43) were evaluated. Oxidative stress markers included intraerythrocyte non-protein-bound iron (NPBI: i.e., free iron), plasma NPBI, F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs, as free, esterified, and total forms), and protein carbonyls. Lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio was assessed using a portable gas analyzer, and RS clinical severity was evaluated using standard scales. Significantly increased intraerythrocyte NPBI (2.73-fold), plasma NPBI (x 6.0), free F(2)-IsoP (x 1.85), esterified F(2)-IsoP (x 1.69), total F(2)-IsoP (x 1.66), and protein carbonyl (x4.76) concentrations were evident in RS subjects and associated with reduced (-10.53%) arterial oxygen levels compared to controls. Biochemical evidence of oxidative stress was related to clinical phenotype severity and lower peripheral and arterial oxygen levels. Pulmonary V/Q mismatch was found in the majority of the RS population. These data identify hypoxia-induced oxidative stress as a key factor in the pathogenesis of classic RS and suggest new therapeutic approaches based on oxidative stress modulation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [De Felice, Claudio] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Ciccoli, Lucia; Leoncini, Silvia; Signorini, Cinzia; Comporti, Mario] Univ Siena, Dept Pathophysiol Expt Med & Publ Hlth, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Rossi, Marcello; Vannuccini, Laura] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Res Pathophysiol & Rehabil Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Guazzi, Gianni] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Dept Biomed Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Latini, Giuseppe] IFC CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, Lecce Sect, Lecce, Italy. [Valacchi, Giuseppe] Univ Siena, Dept Biomed Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Valacchi, Giuseppe] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. [Hayek, Joussef] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP De Felice, C (reprint author), Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM claudiodefelix@hotmail.it FU Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena; Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy FX We are extremely grateful to Matteo Setti, the singer (the poet "Gringoire" from the musical Notre Dame de Paris by R. Cocciante, L. Plamondon, and P. Panella) whose collaboration on physiologic analysis of intermittent hypoxia during singing serendipitously triggered this research and to whom the study is dedicated; Laura De Felice (Faculty of Communication Sciences; for graphic representation of results); the nursing staff of the Child Neuropsychiatry Unit and all the nursing and laboratory staff of the Respiratory Physiopathology and Rehabilitation Unit, AOUS; the Siena Hospital Administration (for purchase of the mass spectrometer); Roberto Faleri and Ombretta Bugiani from the Medical Central Library (for online bibliographic research assistance); and the Rett syndrome families and healthy controls who kindly participated in the study. The study was supported by grants from the Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena (title: "Ricerca dello stress ossidativo e stato, ipossico subdinico nella sindrome di Rett: nuovi possibili meccanismi patogenetici") and the Toscana Life Sciences (Orphan_0108 Call; title: "Nuovi approcci terapeutici nella sindrome di Rett"), Siena, Italy. 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Biol. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.016 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 475UF UT WOS:000268386100013 PM 19464363 ER PT J AU Pugliese, L Catani, M Arneis, S Dell'Acqua, F Thiebaut de Schotten, M Murphy, C Robertson, D Deeley, Q Daly, E Murphy, DGM AF Pugliese, Luca Catani, Marco Arneis, Stephanie Dell'Acqua, Flavio Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel Murphy, Clodagh Robertson, Dene Deeley, Quinton Daly, Eileen Murphy, Declan G. M. TI The anatomy of extended limbic pathways in Asperger syndrome: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging tractography study SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Asperger; Limbic system; White matter; Diffusion tensor; Tractography ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION; WHITE-MATTER; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; DEFAULT NETWORK AB It has been suggested that people with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have altered development (and connectivity) of limbic circuits. However, direct evidence of anatomical differences specific to white matter pathways underlying social behaviour and emotions in ASD is lacking. We used Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography to compare, in vivo, the microstructural integrity and age-related differences in the extended limbic pathways between subjects with Asperger syndrome and healthy controls. Twenty-four males with Asperger syndrome (mean age 23 12 years, age range: 9-54 years) and 42 age-matched male controls (mean age 25 10 years, age range: 9-54 years) were studied. We quantified tract-specific diffusivity measurements as indirect indexes of microstructural integrity (e.g. fractional anisotropy, FA; mean diffusivity, MID) and tract volume (e.g. number of streamlines) of the main limbic tracts. The dissected limbic pathways included the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, Uncinate, cingulum and fornix. There were no significant between-group differences in FA and MD. However, compared to healthy controls, individuals with Asperger syndrome had a significantly higher number Of streamlines in the right (p = .003) and left (p = .03) cingulum, and in the right (p = .03) and left (p = .04) inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In contrast, people with Asperger syndrome had a significantly lower number of streamlines in the right uncinate (p = .02). Within each group there were significant age-related differences in MD and number of streamlines, but not FA. However, the only significant age-related between-group difference was in mean diffusivity of the left uncinate fasciculus (Z(obs) = 2.05) (p = .02). Our preliminary findings suggest that people with Asperger syndrome have significant differences it) the anatomy, and maturation, of some (but not all) limbic tracts. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pugliese, Luca; Catani, Marco; Arneis, Stephanie; Dell'Acqua, Flavio; Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel; Murphy, Clodagh; Robertson, Dene; Deeley, Quinton; Daly, Eileen; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Sect Brain Maturat, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Peltier, Scott J. Wiggins, Jillian Lee Weng, Shih-Jen Carrasco, Melisa Risi, Susan Lord, Catherine TI Abnormalities of intrinsic functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting for Autism Research CY MAY 15-17, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND ID DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; WHITE-MATTER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; BRAIN-FUNCTION; BLOOD-FLOW; BOLD FMRI; BASE-LINE; CORTEX; CHILDREN; MOTION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) impact social functioning and communication, and individuals with these disorders often have restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Accumulating data indicate that ASD is associated with alterations of neural circuitry. Functional MRI (FMRI) studies have focused on connectivity in the context of psychological tasks. However, even in the absence of a task, the brain exhibits a high degree of functional connectivity, known as intrinsic or resting connectivity. Notably, the default network, which includes the posterior cingulate cortex, retro-splenial, lateral parietal cortex/angular gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, temporal lobe, and parahippocampal gyrus, is strongly active when there is no task. Altered intrinsic connectivity within the default network may underlie offline processing that may actuate ASD impairments. Using FMRI, we sought to evaluate intrinsic connectivity within the default network in ASD. Relative to controls, the ASD group showed weaker connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and superior frontal gyrus and stronger connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and both the right temporal lobe and right parahippocampal gyrus. Moreover, poorer social functioning in the ASD group was correlated with weaker connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and the superior frontal gyrus. In addition, more severe restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD were correlated with stronger connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and right parahippocampal gyrus. These findings indicate that ASD subjects show altered intrinsic connectivity within the default network, and connectivity between these structures is associated with specific ASD symptoms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Monk, Christopher S.; Wiggins, Jillian Lee; Weng, Shih-Jen] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.; Risi, Susan; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.; Carrasco, Melisa] Univ Michigan, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Peltier, Scott J.] Univ Michigan, Funct MRI Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Risi, Susan; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Monk, CS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 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Oosterlaan, Jaap Sergeant, Joseph A. Geurts, Hilde M. TI Does reward frequency or magnitude drive reinforcement-learning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Attention problems; Autism; Dopamine; Feedback; Learning; Response acquisition ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; DELAY AVERSION; ADHD; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; ERROR; IMPAIRMENTS; BOYS AB Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show an impaired ability to use feedback in the context of learning. A stimulus-response learning task was used to investigate whether (1) children with ADHD displayed flatter learning curves, (2) reinforcement-learning in ADHD was sensitive to either reward frequency, magnitude, or both, and (3) altered sensitivity to reward was specific to ADHD or would co-occur in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Performance of 23 boys with ADHD was compared with that of 30 normal controls (NCs) and 21 boys with ASD, all aged 8-12. Rewards were delivered contingent on performance and varied both in frequency (low, high) and magnitude (small, large). The findings showed that, although learning rates were comparable across groups, both clinical groups committed more errors than NCs. In contrast to the NC boys, boys with ADHD were unaffected by frequency and magnitude of reward. The NC group and, to some extent, the ASD group showed improved performance, when rewards were delivered infrequently versus frequently. Children with ADHD as well as children with ASD displayed difficulties in stimulus-response coupling that were independent of motivational modulations. Possibly, these deficits are related to abnormal reinforcement expectancy. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 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DMN can be modulated by different factors such as emotional states, cognitive load of the task and psychopathology, including anxiety. Moreover, DMN seems to play a pivotal role in social cognition. For example, the ability to predict another person's behaviour taking his or her perspective modulates the activity of the DMN. Recent data from autistic patients support a role of DMN in social cognition as well. Social Phobia (SP) is an anxiety disorder characterized by an abnormal distress in situations that require social interaction. To date, no study has assessed DMN in Social Phobia. To determine potential differences in DMN activity between Social Phobia patients (SPP) and healthy control (HQ subjects we examined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained during a face perception study with emotional and neutral stimuli. As compared to HC, SPP showed a lower deactivation in the precuneus and posterior cingulate regions (PCun/PCC) during task conditions. These regions are part of the so-called "Theory of Mind" circuit and in particular they are involved in the evaluation of one's own emotional state. Because of the role of the PCun/PCC in self-state perception and attribution and, more in general, the role of the DMN in social cognition, we suggest that its impairment in the DMN network in SPP might be relevant in the development of the feeling of wariness of others' judgment and may be related to the so-called self-focused attention. Self-focused attention is the awareness of self-referent information, and is present in many emotional disorders and may additionally prevent individuals from observing external information that could disconfirm their own fears. Moreover, the abnormal modulation of activity in the DMN may reflect persistent rumination or anxiety-related thoughts that are not modulated by the switch from rest to task. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gentili, Claudio; Guazzelli, Mario] Univ Pisa, Unit Clin Psychol, AUO Pisa, Dept Psychiat Neurobiol Pharmacol & Biotechnol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Ricciardi, Emiliano; Pietrini, Pietro] Univ Pisa, Lab Clin Biochem & Mol Biol, Dept Expt Pathol Med Biotechnol Infectivol & Epid, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Gobbini, Maria Ida] Univ Bologna, Dept Psychol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gentili, Claudio; Ricciardi, Emiliano; Santarelli, Maria Filomena] CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, I-56123 Pisa, Italy. [Haxby, James V.] Dartmouth Coll, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gentili, C (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Unit Clin Psychol, AUO Pisa, Dept Psychiat Neurobiol Pharmacol & Biotechnol, Via Roma 67, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM c.gentili@med.unipi.it; emiliano.ricciardi@bioclinica.unipi.it; mariaida.gobbini@unibo.it; santarel@ifc.cnr.it; james.v.haxby@Dartmouth.EDU; pietro.pietrini@bm.med.unipi.it; m.guazzelli@psico.med.unipi.it RI Santarelli, Maria Filomena/C-5735-2009; Ricciardi, Emiliano/E-6929-2011 OI Ricciardi, Emiliano/0000-0002-7178-9534 FU Fondazione IRIS (Castagneto Carducci (LI), Italy) FX This research was partially supported by the Fondazione IRIS (Castagneto Carducci (LI), Italy). The authors wish to thank Giulio Perugi, Researcher in Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, University of Pisa for his support in recruiting Social Phobia patients and Luigi Landini, professor at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa (Pisa, Italy) for his support for neuroimagingat the MRI Laboratory at the CNR Research Area "S. Cataldo" (Pisa, Italy) coordinated by Massimo Lombardi. We thank Domenico Montanaro and Franco Lombardo for neuroradiological examination and Sabrina Danti, Giacomo Handjiaras and Lorenzo Sani for comments and advice about the experimental paradigm and data analysis. 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We showed that, like infants, neurotypical adults' (n = 17 participants) eye movements anticipated an actor's behavior on the basis of her false belief. This was not the case for individuals with Asperger syndrome (n = 19). Thus, these individuals do not attribute mental states spontaneously, but they may be able to do so in explicit tasks through compensatory learning. C1 [Senju, Atsushi; Southgate, Victoria] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London, England. [White, Sarah; Frith, Uta] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London, England. [Frith, Uta] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Univ Hosp, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, DK-800 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Senju, A (reprint author), Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London, England. EM a.senju@bbk.ac.uk RI Senju, Atsushi/C-4097-2008; White, Sarah/C-4084-2008; Bonefeld, Birgit/B-7936-2010 OI Senju, Atsushi/0000-0002-8081-7170; White, Sarah/0000-0001-6946-9155; FU Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC); Medical Research Council of UK (MRC)/ESRC; MRC [G0701484]; Aarhus Research Foundation; [RES-063-27-0207]; [PTA 037-27-0107] FX A.S. was supported by an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Research Fellowship (RES-063-27-0207), S.W. by a Medical Research Council of UK (MRC)/ESRC fellowship (PTA 037-27-0107), and U.F. by an MRC grant (G0701484) and the Aarhus Research Foundation. 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We have analyzed the amplitude of key harmonics of the Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) recorded while participants observed orientation-based texture and contour stimuli, forming coherent global patterns, alternating with visual patterns in which the same number of local elements were randomly oriented in order to loose any globally organized feature. Comparing the results of the clinical sample with those obtained in an age-matched control group, we have observed that in the texture conditions the 1st and 3rd harmonics, containing signature of global form processing (Norcia, Pei, Bonneh, Hou, Sampath, & Pettet, 2005), were present in the control group, while in the experimental group only the 1st harmonic was present. In the Contour condition the 1st harmonic was not present for both groups while the 3rd harmonic was significantly present in the control group but absent in the group with autism. Moreover, the amount of organization required to elicit significant 1st harmonic response in the texture condition was higher in the clinical group. The present results bring additional support to the idea that texture and contour processing are supported by independent mechanisms in normal vision. Autistic vision would thus be characterized by a preserved, perhaps weaker texture mechanism, possibly mediated by feedback interactions between visual areas, and by a disfunction of the mechanism supporting contour processing, possibly mediated by long-range intra-cortical connections. Within this framework, the residual ability to detect contours shown in psychophysical studies could be due to the contribution of the texture mechanism to contour processing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Igliozzi, Roberta; Tancredi, Raffaella; Muratori, Filippo; Cioni, Giovanni] IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy. [Pei, Francesca; Baldassi, Stefano] Assoc Italiana Sci Vis, Pisa, Italy. 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PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 16 BP 2140 EP 2150 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2009.06.006 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 479GJ UT WOS:000268647400011 PM 19523974 ER PT J AU Baldassi, S Pei, F Megna, N Recupero, G Viespoli, M Igliozzi, R Tancredi, R Muratori, F Cioni, G AF Baldassi, Stefano Pei, Francesca Megna, Nicola Recupero, Giorgia Viespoli, Marco Igliozzi, Roberta Tancredi, Raffaella Muratori, Filippo Cioni, Giovanni TI Search superiority in autism within, but not outside the crowding regime SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Visual search; Crowding; Attention; Psychophysics ID VISUAL-SEARCH; ORIENTATION SIGNALS; SPATIAL INTEGRATION; RECOGNITION; ATTENTION; UNCERTAINTY; SPECTRUM; TARGET AB Visual cognition of observers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to show an unbalance between the complementary functions of integration and segregation. This study uses visual search and crowding paradigms to probe the relative ability of children with autism, compared to normal developments children, to extract individual targets from cluttered backgrounds both within and outside the crowding regime. The data show that standard search follows the same pattern in the ASD and control groups with a strong effect of the set size that is substantially weakened by cueing the target location with a synchronous spatial cue. On the other hand, the crowding effect of eight flankers surrounding a small peripheral target is virtually absent in the clinical sample, indicating a superior ability to segregate cluttered visual items. This data, along with evidence of an impairment to the neural system for binding contours in ASD, bring additional support to the general idea of a shift of the trade-off between integration and segregation toward the latter. More specifically, they show that when discriminability is balanced across conditions, an advantage in odd-man out tasks is evident in ASD observers only within the crowding regime, when binding mechanism might get compulsorily triggered in normal observers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldassi, Stefano; Megna, Nicola; Recupero, Giorgia; Viespoli, Marco] Univ Florence, Dept Psychol, I-50135 Florence, Italy. [Igliozzi, Roberta; Tancredi, Raffaella; Muratori, Filippo; Cioni, Giovanni] IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy. [Baldassi, Stefano; Pei, Francesca; Megna, Nicola] Assoc Italiana Sci Vis, Pisa, Italy. [Muratori, Filippo; Cioni, Giovanni] Univ Pisa, Div Neuropsichiatria Infantile, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Baldassi, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Psychol, Via San Salvi 12,Padigl 26, I-50135 Florence, Italy. EM stefano.baldassi@unifi.it RI Cioni, Giovanni/A-4178-2015 OI Cioni, Giovanni/0000-0002-6526-5566 FU Cure Autism Now Foundation (USA); Italian PRIN 2007 FX We thank an anonymous referee for suggesting substantial improvements to earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by a Grant of the Cure Autism Now Foundation (USA) and by the Italian PRIN 2007. 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PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 16 BP 2151 EP 2156 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2009.06.007 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 479GJ UT WOS:000268647400012 PM 19524608 ER PT J AU Stamova, BS Apperson, M Walker, WL Tian, YF Xu, HC Adamczy, P Zhan, XH Liu, DZ Ander, BP Liao, IH Gregg, JP Turner, RJ Jickling, G Lit, L Sharp, FR AF Stamova, Boryana S. Apperson, Michelle Walker, Wynn L. Tian, Yingfang Xu, Huichun Adamczy, Peter Zhan, Xinhua Liu, Da-Zhi Ander, Bradley P. Liao, Isaac H. Gregg, Jeffrey P. Turner, Renee J. Jickling, Glen Lit, Lisa Sharp, Frank R. TI Identification and validation of suitable endogenous reference genes for gene expression studies in human peripheral blood SO BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; RT-PCR; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; HOUSEKEEPING GENES; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CANCER; NORMALIZATION; MICROARRAY AB Background: Gene expression studies require appropriate normalization methods. One such method uses stably expressed reference genes. Since suitable reference genes appear to be unique for each tissue, we have identified an optimal set of the most stably expressed genes in human blood that can be used for normalization. Methods: Whole-genome Affymetrix Human 2.0 Plus arrays were examined from 526 samples of males and females ages 2 to 78, including control subjects and patients with Tourette syndrome, stroke, migraine, muscular dystrophy, and autism. The top 100 most stably expressed genes with a broad range of expression levels were identified. To validate the best candidate genes, we performed quantitative RT-PCR on a subset of 10 genes (TRAP1, DECR1, FPGS, FARP1, MAPRE2, PEX16, GINS2, CRY2, CSNK1G2 and A4GALT), 4 commonly employed reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, B2M and HMBS) and PPIB, previously reported to be stably expressed in blood. Expression stability and ranking analysis were performed using GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Results: Reference genes were ranked based on their expression stability and the minimum number of genes needed for nomalization as calculated using GeNorm showed that the fewest, most stably expressed genes needed for acurate normalization in RNA expression studies of human whole blood is a combination of TRAP1, FPGS, DECR1 and PPIB. We confirmed the ranking of the best candidate control genes by using an alternative algorithm (NormFinder). Conclusion: The reference genes identified in this study are stably expressed in whole blood of humans of both genders with multiple disease conditions and ages 2 to 78. Importantly, they also have different functions within cells and thus should be expressed independently of each other. These genes should be useful as normalization genes for microarray and RT-PCR whole blood studies of human physiology, metabolism and disease. C1 [Stamova, Boryana S.; Apperson, Michelle; Walker, Wynn L.; Tian, Yingfang; Xu, Huichun; Adamczy, Peter; Zhan, Xinhua; Ander, Bradley P.; Liao, Isaac H.; Turner, Renee J.; Jickling, Glen; Lit, Lisa; Sharp, Frank R.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Stamova, Boryana S.; Apperson, Michelle; Walker, Wynn L.; Tian, Yingfang; Xu, Huichun; Adamczy, Peter; Zhan, Xinhua; Ander, Bradley P.; Liao, Isaac H.; Gregg, Jeffrey P.; Turner, Renee J.; Jickling, Glen; Lit, Lisa; Sharp, Frank R.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gregg, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Stamova, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM boryana.stamova@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; michelle.apperson@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; wlwalker326@gmail.com; yftian@ucdavis.edu; huixu@ucdavis.edu; peter.adamczyk@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; xzhan@ucdavis.edu; dzliu@ucdavis.edu; bander@ucdavis.edu; isaacliao@gmail.com; jpgregg@ucdavis.edu; renee.turner@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; glen.jickling@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; LLit@ucdavis.edu; frank.sharp@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu RI Liu, DaZhi/B-6850-2011; Jickling, Glen/K-4002-2013 FU NIH/NINDS [NS056302]; American Stroke Association Bugher Foundation Center for Stroke Prevention Research; Cure Autism Now/Autism Speaks; UC Discovery Program; Pediatric Biosciences; Tourette Syndrome Association; Ron and Darrin Mittelstaedt family supported Foundation FX These studies were supported by grants from: the NIH/NINDS (NS056302); an American Stroke Association Bugher Foundation Center for Stroke Prevention Research; Cure Autism Now/Autism Speaks; the UC Discovery Program and Pediatric Biosciences; the Tourette Syndrome Association; and a gift from the Ron and Darrin Mittelstaedt family supported Foundation. 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Genomics PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 49 DI 10.1186/1755-8794-2-49 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 533HJ UT WOS:000272814100001 PM 19656400 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, RC Hung, J Zhang, Y Kertesz, AC Espina, FJ Colicos, MA AF Gutierrez, R. C. Hung, J. Zhang, Y. Kertesz, A. C. Espina, F. J. Colicos, M. A. TI ALTERED SYNCHRONY AND CONNECTIVITY IN NEURONAL NETWORKS EXPRESSING AN AUTISM-RELATED MUTATION OF NEUROLIGIN 3 SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neuronal activity; neuronal communication; complexity; lacunarity; calcium imaging; neuronal degeneration ID HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FOLD-PROTEIN-FAMILY; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; CORTICAL NETWORKS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; WORKING-MEMORY; FMRI; ACTIVATION; BRAIN AB The neuroligin (NL) gene family codes for brain specific cell adhesion molecules that play an important role in synaptic connectivity. Recent studies have identified NL mutations linked to patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cognitive deficits seen in autistic patients are hypothesized to arise from altered synchronicity both within and between brain regions. Here we show how the expression of autism-associated neuroligin mutation R471C-NL3 affects synchrony in dissociated cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Spontaneous network activity patterns of cultures expressing wild type and mutant NL3 were measured by optical techniques. Firing events were quantified and compared by cross-correlation analysis. Our results suggest that NL3 overexpression enhances synchrony of spontaneous activity patterns, however, this ability is reduced with the R471C-NL3 mutation. We investigated the structural basis of this phenomenon using fractal dimension analysis to characterize the arrangement of axon trajectories. R471C-NL3 cultures were associated with lower fractal dimensions and higher lacunarity values, indicating a decrease in the complexity of axonal architecture. Transfection of R471C-NL3 into a sub-population of cells in a network resulted in neuronal degeneration. This degeneration likely affected the inhibitory population of neurons, as there were half as many (P<0.01, n=12) glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 expressing cells in R471C-NL3 cultures compared to wild type NL3 and control cultures. Electrophysiological recordings showed a reduction of inhibitory activity in networks carrying the mutation in comparison to networks overexpressing wild-type NL3. Together, these data support the hypothesis that the autism-associated NL3 mutation affects information processing in neuronal networks by altering network architecture and synchrony. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gutierrez, R. C.; Hung, J.; Zhang, Y.; Espina, F. J.; Colicos, M. A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Hotchkiss Brain Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Kertesz, A. C.] Univ Calgary, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. RP Colicos, MA (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Hotchkiss Brain Inst, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM mcolicos@ucalgary.ca FU CIHR; Cure Autism Now FX We thank Robyn Flynn for comments on the manuscript and Lucas Scott for technical assistance. This work was supported by CIHR and Cure Autism Now grants to M.C. M.C. is an AHFMR Scholar and an HSFC Investigator. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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TI A 1q42 Deletion Involving DISC1, DISC2, and TSNAX in an Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE DISC1; DISC2; TSNAX; autism spectrurn disorder; chromosome 1q42 ID BIPOLAR DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ASSOCIATION; RISK; PROTEIN; BRAIN; TRANSLOCATION; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSLIN; PDE4B AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders have impairments in social, communicative, and behavior development that are often accompanied by abnormalities in cognitive functioning, learning, attention, and sensory processing. In this report, we describe a 3-year-old male child with an autism spectrum disorder who carries a 2 Mb deletion of chromosome 1q42. Array comparative genome hybridization revealed that this deletion involves at least three genes-DISC1, DISC2, and TSNAX-which have been found to be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and are likely to play key roles in normal CNS development. Further studies revealed that the deletion was inherited from his unaffected mother. This suggests that other genetic and/or environmental factors, some of which may be sex specific, may modify the phenotypic effects of this deletion. While this case provides evidence for the potential role of DISC], DISC2, and TSNAX in the development of autism spectrum disorders, it is equally clear that caution must be taken when providing families with prognostic information and genetic counseling regarding such deletions. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Williams, Jaime M.; Beck, Tyler F.; Pearson, David M.; Cheung, Sau Wai; Scott, Daryl A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Proud, Monica B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Scott, DA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, R813,1 Baylor Plaza,BCM 225, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 166 IS 8 BP 849 EP 851 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060829 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 479DC UT WOS:000268638900003 PM 19651747 ER PT J AU Di Martino, A Shehzad, Z Kelly, C Roy, AK Gee, DG Uddin, LQ Gotimer, K Klein, DF Castellanos, FX Milham, MP AF Di Martino, Adriana Shehzad, Zarrar Kelly, Clare Roy, Amy Krain Gee, Dylan G. Uddin, Lucina Q. Gotimer, Kristin Klein, Donald F. Castellanos, F. Xavier Milham, Michael P. TI Relationship Between Cingulo-Insular Functional Connectivity and Autistic Traits in Neurotypical Adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Neuropsychopharmacology CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL Scottsdale, AZ SP Amer Coll Neuropsychopharmacol ID GENERAL-POPULATION; BRAIN; CORTEX; MIND; NETWORKS; ORGANIZATION; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS; SYSTEMS; TWIN AB Objective: The Social Responsiveness Scale-Adult Version (SRS-A) measures autistic traits that are continuously distributed in the general population. Based on increased recognition of the dimensional nature of autistic traits, the authors examined the neural correlates of these traits in neurotypical individuals using the SRS-A and established a novel approach to assessing the neural basis of autistic characteristics, attempting to directly relate SRS-A scores to patterns of functional connectivity observed in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region commonly implicated in social cognition. Methods: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected for 25 neurotypical adults. All participants provided SRS-A ratings completed by an informant who had observed them in natural social settings. Whole brain-corrected connectivity analyses were then conducted using SRS-A scores as a covariate of interest. Results: Across participants, a significant negative relationship between SRS-A scores and the functional connectivity of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex with the anterior portion of the mid-insula was found. Specifically, low levels of autistic traits were observed when a substantial portion of the anterior mid-insula showed positive connectivity with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, elevated levels of autistic traits were associated with negative connectivity between these two regions. Conclusions: Resting state functional connectivity of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex-insula social network was related to autistic traits in neurotypical adults. Application of this approach in samples with autism spectrum disorders is needed to confirm whether this circuit is dimensionally related to the severity of autistic traits in clinical populations. C1 [Di Martino, Adriana; Shehzad, Zarrar; Kelly, Clare; Roy, Amy Krain; Gee, Dylan G.; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Gotimer, Kristin; Klein, Donald F.; Castellanos, F. Xavier; Milham, Michael P.] NYU, Ctr Child Study, Phyllis Green & Randolph Cowen Inst Pediat Neuros, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Milham, MP (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Child Study, Phyllis Green & Randolph Cowen Inst Pediat Neuros, 215 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. 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J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 166 IS 8 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121894 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 479DC UT WOS:000268638900011 PM 19605539 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SR Reiss, AL Tatusko, DH Ikuta, I Kazmerski, DB Botti, JAC Burnette, CP Kates, WR AF Mitchell, Shanti R. Reiss, Allan L. Tatusko, Danielle H. Ikuta, Ichiro Kazmerski, Dana B. Botti, Jo-Anna C. Burnette, Courtney P. Kates, Wendy R. TI Neuroanatomic Alterations and Social and Communication Deficits in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Autism Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; WHITE-MATTER; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; AMYGDALA VOLUME; PEDIATRIC TWINS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX AB Objective: Investigating neuroanatomic differences in monozygotic twins who are discordant for autism can help unravel the relative contributions of genetics and environment to this pervasive developmental disorder. The authors used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate several brain regions of interest in monozygotic twins who varied in degree of phenotypic discordance for narrowly defined autism. Method: The subjects were 14 pairs of monozygotic twins between the ages of 5 and 14 years old and 14 singleton age- and gender-matched typically developing comparison subjects. The monozygotic twin group was a cohort of children with narrowly defined autistic deficits and their co-twins who presented with varying levels of autistic deficits. High-resolution MRIs were acquired and volumetric/area measurements obtained for the frontal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus and subregions of the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, and cerebellar vermis. Results: No neurovolumetric/area differences were found between twin pairs. Relative to typically developing comparison subjects, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volumes and anterior areas of the corpus callosum were significantly altered in autistic twins, and volumes of the posterior vermis were altered in both autistic twins and co-twins. Intraclass correlation analysis of brain volumes between children with autism and their co-twins indicated that the degree of within-pair neuroanatomic concordance varied with brain region. In the group of subjects with narrowly defined autism only, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and posterior vermis volumes were significantly associated with the severity of autism based on scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. Conclusions: These findings support previous research demonstrating alterations in the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, and posterior vermis in children with autism and further suggest that alterations are associated with the severity of the autism phenotype. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 496NI UT WOS:000269980800001 PM 19771665 ER PT J AU Pierce, K Glatt, SJ Liptak, GS McIntyre, LL AF Pierce, Karen Glatt, Stephen J. Liptak, Gregory S. McIntyre, Laura Lee TI The power and promise of identifying autism early: Insights from the search for clinical and biological markers SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; early identification; biomarkers; screening; brain overgrowth; gene expression ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC-OBSERVATION-SCHEDULE; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; SPECTRUM-DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HOME MOVIES; SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS AB BACKGROUND: The biological changes that lead to autism likely occur during prenatal life. Although earlier identification of the disorder has occurred within the past decade, the mean age of diagnosis is still not made before a mean age of 3 years. This is because autism remains a behaviorally defined disorder, placing limits on the age at which a confident diagnosis can be made. The study of the biological basis of autism prior to age 3 is essential and can most directly be achieved with prospective research designs. METHODS: The literature on the early identification of autism is discussed, including the timescale for the onset of social symptoms. Also discussed is a new method for the prospective study of autism called the "1-Year Well-Baby Check-Up Approach," which allows for the prospective study of the disorder in simplex families with infants as young as 12 months of age. RESULTS: Although likely present at subtle, subclinical levels, early social abnormalities are not clearly detectable prior to 12 months in age in infants later diagnosed as having autism spectrum disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Using the I-Year Well-Baby Check-Up Approach or other prospective design, examining early biomarkers related to early brain overgrowth, cerebellar development, gene expression patterns and immune system function may be key to early diagnosis efforts under 3 years. We also note the importance of comparing and contrasting the early "signature" of autism in children from singleton versus multiplex families, which may be etiologically distinct. C1 [Pierce, Karen] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Glatt, Stephen J.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Med Genet Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. [Liptak, Gregory S.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Syracuse, NY USA. [McIntyre, Laura Lee] Syracuse Univ, Dept Psychol, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Pierce, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kpierce@ucsd.edu FU Cure Autism Now; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1 R01 MH080134-01A1, P 50 MH081755-01] FX Support for this paper was provided by grants from Cure Autism Now and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1 R01 MH080134-01A1) awarded to Karen Pierce and an Autism Center of Excellence Grant from the NIH (P 50 MH081755-01). 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METHODS: Autoimmune markers were analyzed in the sera of autistic and normal children, but the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some autistic children was also analyzed. Laboratory procedures included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein immunoblotting assay. RESULTS: Autoimmunity was demonstrated by the presence of brain autoantibodies, abnormal viral serology, brain and viral antibodies in CSF, a positive correlation between brain autoantibodies and viral serology, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants, and a positive response to immunotherapy. Many autistic children harbored brain myelin basic protein autoantibodies and elevated levels of antibodies to measles virus and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Measles might be etiologically linked to autism because measles and MMR antibodies (a viral marker) correlated positively to brain autoantibodies (an autoimmune marker)-salient features that characterize autoimmune pathology in autism. Autistic children also showed elevated levels of acute-phase reactants-a marker of systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence is quite credible for our autoimmune hypothesis, leading to the identification of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD) as a major subset of autism. AAD can be identified by immune tests to determine immune problems before administering immunotherapy. The author has advanced a speculative neuroautoimmune (NAI) model for autism, in which virus-induced autoimmunity is a key player. The latter should be targeted by immunotherapy to help children with autism. C1 Brain State Technol, Brain State Int Res Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA. RP Singh, VK (reprint author), Brain State Technol, Brain State Int Res Ctr, 15150 N Hayden Rd,Suite 106, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 USA. 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Clin. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 148 EP 161 PG 14 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 496NI UT WOS:000269980800004 PM 19758536 ER PT J AU Granpeesheh, D Tarbox, J Dixon, DR AF Granpeesheh, Doreen Tarbox, Jonathan Dixon, Dennis R. TI Applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism: A description and review of treatment research SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; ASD; applied behavior analysis; ABA; EIBI ID TEACH PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SKILLS; ACQUISITION; PREDICTORS AB BACKGROUND: Autism is a disorder characterized by pervasive delays in the development of language and socialization, and the presence of stereotyped, repetitive behaviors or nonfunctional interests. Although a multitude of treatments for autism exist, very few have been the subject of scientific research. The only treatment that has been supported by substantial empirical research is treatment based on applied behavior analysis (ABA). METHODS: This article describes components of comprehensive ABA treatment programs, reviews research on effectiveness, and discusses issues related to collaboration between ABA and psychiatry. RESULTS: ABA has been supported by several hundred single case experiments and an increasing number of between-groups studies. Comprehensive ABA treatment programs are comprised of multiple intervention procedures, such as discrete trial instruction and natural environment training, and are founded on basic principles of learning and motivation, such as positive reinforcement, extinction, stimulus control, and generalization. Clinicians in the fields of ABA and psychiatry have similar goals regarding client outcome, and several ABA measurement and analysis procedures produce information that may be useful to psychiatrists. CONCLUSIONS: ABA treatment programs for individuals with autism are supported by a significant amount of scientific evidence and are therefore recommended for use. Patient care would likely benefit from a greater degree of collaboration between practitioners in the fields of ABA and psychiatry. C1 [Granpeesheh, Doreen; Tarbox, Jonathan; Dixon, Dennis R.] Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. RP Granpeesheh, D (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, 19019 Ventura Blvd,3rd Floor, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. 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H., 2008, BEHAV ANAL PRACTICE, V1, P10 Tiger JH, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P559, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.40-559 *US DEP HHS, 2006, MENT HLTH REP SURG G Zachor DA, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P304, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.12.001 NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 1040-1237 J9 ANN CLIN PSYCHIATRY JI Ann. Clin. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 162 EP 173 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 496NI UT WOS:000269980800005 PM 19758537 ER PT J AU Gutstein, SE AF Gutstein, Steven E. TI Empowering families through Relationship Development Intervention: An important part of the biopsychosocial management of autism spectrum disorders SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; intervention; parents; quality of life ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; JOINT ATTENTION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; EARLY INFANCY; MEMORY; LIFE; COMMUNICATION AB BACKGROUND: Relationship Development Intervention (RDI (R)) is a program designed to empower and guide parents of children, adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and similar developmental disorders to function as facilitators for their children's mental development. RDI teaches parents to play an important role in improving critical emotional, social, and metacognitive abilities through carefully graduated, guided interaction in daily activities. METHODS: The paper reviews RDI's theoretical underpinnings, current methodology and preliminary research results. The clinical utilization of RDI is discussed as an important part of the biopsychosocial management of ASD. RESULTS: Although a controlled, blinded study of RDI has yet to be done, preliminary research suggests that parents, through the RDI curriculum and consultation process, have the potential to exert a powerful impact on their ASD children's experience-sharing communication, social interaction, and adaptive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: RDI should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen, in which the physician plays a clinical management role, providing medical and psychiatric consultation. The RDI clinician can function as a remediation specialist, providing accurate feedback to the physician, along with individualized training and guidance to family members. C1 RDIconnect Inc, Houston, TX 77025 USA. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 496NI UT WOS:000269980800006 PM 19758538 ER PT J AU Cathala, JM Petitpain, N Roy, B Ferrand, M Trechot, P AF Cathala, J. -M. Petitpain, N. Roy, B. Ferrand, M. Trechot, P. TI Severe neuropsychiatric disorders in an asthmatic infant who received repeated glucocorticoid treatment: The importance of associated factors SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; ANXIETY; CORTICOSTEROIDS; DEPRESSION; STEROIDS; QUALITY AB Children and adults may experience neuropsychiatric disorders during glucocorticoid treatment, most of which are reversible upon drug withdrawal. Whereas the occurrence of these disorders is well documented in teenagers, only a few cases have been reported in children under 3 years of age. 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TI Neuropsychologic, Cognitive, and Affective Profiles of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 516 EP 517 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 502GV UT WOS:000270445500240 ER PT J AU Zychowski, L Yarger, L Kegel, N Arffa, S AF Zychowski, L. Yarger, L. Kegel, N. Arffa, S. TI Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum: Gender Differences in Shifting and Self-Monitoring SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 502GV UT WOS:000270445500275 ER PT J AU Lilley, R AF Lilley, Rozanna TI Unstrange Minds: A Father Remaps the World of Autism SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lilley, Rozanna] Macquarie Univ, Children & Families Res Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Lilley, R (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Children & Families Res Ctr, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. CR GRINKER RR, 2008, UNSTRANGE MINDS A FA NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1035-8811 J9 AUST J ANTHROPOL JI Aust. J. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 249 EP 251 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 486RW UT WOS:000269216400007 ER PT J AU Windham, GC Fessel, K Grether, JK AF Windham, Gayle C. Fessel, Karen Grether, Judith K. TI Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Parental Occupation in Technical Fields SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; parental occupation; broader autism phenotype; risk factors ID MULTIPLE-INCIDENCE; PHENOTYPE; POPULATION; QUOTIENT; FAMILIES AB A previous study reported that fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were more likely to work as engineers, requiring "systemizing skills," and Suggesting a distinct phenotype, but alternatively this may have been related to selection biases. We conducted a population-based Study to explore whether fathers, or mothers, of children with ASD are over-represented in fields requiring highly technical skills. Subjects included 284 children with ASD and 659 gender-matched controls, born in 1994 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Parental occupation and industry were abstracted verbatim from birth certificates. Engineering, computer programming, and science were examined as highly technical occupations. To limit bias by parental socio-economic status, we selected a referent group of occupations that seemed professionally similar but of a less technical nature. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression, adjusting for parental age, education, and child race. Mothers of cases were somewhat more likely to work in hi-tech Occupations (6.7%) than mothers of controls (4.0%, P = 0.07), but little difference was observed among fathers, nor for engineering separately. Compared to parents in other "white collar" occupations, the adjusted OR for highly technical occupations among mothers was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.2-5.3) and among fathers was 1.3 (95% CI: 0.79-2.1.), with no evidence of a joint effect observed. Our results regarding maternal occupation in technical fields being associated with ASD in offspring suggest further study to distinguish parental occupation as a phenotypic marker of genetic loading vs. other social or exposure factors. C1 [Windham, Gayle C.; Grether, Judith K.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Fessel, Karen] Impact Assessment Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Windham, GC (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1002/aur.84 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497AE UT WOS:000270022900001 PM 19606466 ER PT J AU Jellema, T Lorteije, J van Rijn, S van t' Wout, M de Haan, E van Engeland, H Kemner, C AF Jellema, Tjeerd Lorteije, Jeannette van Rijn, Sophie van t' Wout, Mascha de Haan, Edward van Engeland, Herman Kemner, Chantal TI Involuntary Interpretation of Social Cues is Compromised in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE social cognition; visual illusion; involuntary processing; social attention; implied motion ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; IMPLIED MOTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PERCEPTION; BRAIN; ATTENTION; COGNITION; GAZE; INTENTIONALITY; REPRESENTATION AB A new social distance judgment task was used to measure quantitatively the extent to which social cues are immediately and involuntary interpreted by typically developing (TD) individuals and by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The task thus tapped into the ability to involuntary "pick up" the meaning of social cues. The cues tested were social attention and implied biological motion. Task performance of the ASD and TD groups was similarly affected by a perceptual low-level illusion induced by physical characteristics of the stimuli. In contrast, a high-level illusion induced by the implications of the social cues affected only the TD individuals; the ASD individuals remained unaffected (causing them to perform superior to TD controls). The results indicate that despite intact perceptual processing, the immediate involuntary interpretation of social cues can be compromised. We propose that this type of social cue understanding is a distinct process that should be differentiated from reflective social Cue understanding and is specifically compromised in ASD. We discuss evidence for an underpinning neural substrate. C1 [Jellema, Tjeerd] Univ Hull, Dept Psychol, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, East Yorkshire, England. [Lorteije, Jeannette] Erasmus Univ, Dept Neurosci, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [van Rijn, Sophie] Leiden Univ, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, Leiden, Netherlands. [van t' Wout, Mascha] Brown Univ, Dept Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [de Haan, Edward] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Social & Behav Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Engeland, Herman] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kemner, Chantal] Univ Utrecht, Dept Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Jellema, T (reprint author), Univ Hull, Dept Psychol, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, East Yorkshire, England. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1002/aur.83 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497AE UT WOS:000270022900002 PM 19642087 ER PT J AU Oblak, A Gibbs, TT Blatt, GJ AF Oblak, A. Gibbs, T. T. Blatt, G. J. TI Decreased GABA(A) Receptors and Benzodiazepine Binding Sites in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Autism SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE autistic; anterior cingulate cortex; GABA; post-mortem; ligand binding ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IN-VIVO; ALTERED EXPRESSION; PANIC DISORDER; LIMBIC CORTEX; THALAMIC CONNECTIONS; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; SUBUNIT GENES AB The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 24) via its extensive limbic and high order association cortical connectivity to prefrontal cortex is a key part of an important circuitry participating in executive function, affect, and socio-emotional behavior. Multiple lines of evidence, including genetic and imaging studies, suggest that the ACC and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) system may be affected in autism. The benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA(A) receptor complex is an important target for pharmacotherapy and has important clinical implications. The present multiple-concentration ligand-binding study utilized H-3-muscimol and H-3-flunitrazepam to determine the number (B-max), binding affinity (K-d), and distribution of GABA(A) receptors and benzodiazepine binding sites, respectively, in the ACC in adult autistic and control cases. Compared to controls, the autistic group had significant decreases in the mean density of GABA(A) receptors in the supragranular (46.8%) and infragranular (20.2%) layers of the ACC and in the density of benzodiazepine binding sites in the supragranular (28.9%) and infragranular (16.40%) lamina. In addition, a trend for a decrease in for the density of benzodiazepine sites was found in the infragranular layers (17.1%) in the autism group. These findings Suggest that in the autistic group this downregulation of both benzodiazepine sites and GABA(A) receptors in the ACC may be the result of increased GABA innervation and/or release disturbing the delicate excitation/inhibition balance of principal neurons as well as their output to key limbic cortical targets. Such disturbances likely underlie the core alterations in socio-emotional behaviors in autism. C1 [Oblak, A.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Oblak, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM aoblak@bu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NIH U54 MH66398]; NIH NINDS [NS38975] FX This work was supported by a "Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment" grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH U54 MH66398) and NIH NINDS NS38975. Brain tissue was provided by the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (HBTRC), the Autism Tissue Program, and the Autism Research Foundation. We thank Sandy Thevarkunnel for her help in receptor binding autoradiography methodology. 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Here, we adopted a novel inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) and intra-subject correlation (intra-SC) technique to quantify the reliability of the spatio-temporal responses of functional MR activity in adults with autism during free-viewing of a popular audio-visual movie. Whereas these complex stimuli evoke highly reliable shared response time courses in typical individuals, cortical activity was more variable across individuals with autism (low inter-SC). Interestingly, when we measured the responses within an autistic individual across repeated presentations of the movie, we observed a unique, idiosyncratic response time course that was reliably replicated within each individual (high intra-SC). Encouragingly, after filtering out the idiosyncratic responses from each individual time course, we were able to uncover a more typical response profile, which resembles the shared responses seen in the typical subjects. These findings indicate that, under conditions approximating real-life situations, the neural activity of individuals with autism is characterized by individualistic responses that, although reliable within an autistic individual, are both highly variable across autistic individuals and different from the responses observed within the typical subjects. These idiosyncratic responses may underlie the atypical behaviors observed in autism. At the same time, we are encouraged by the presence of the more typical activation pattern lurking beneath these idiosyncratic fluctuations. Taken together, these findings may pave the way to future research aimed at characterizing the idiosyncratic response profiles, which, in turn, might contribute to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum and its diagnosis. C1 [Hasson, Uri] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasson, Uri] Princeton Univ, Inst Neurosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Avidan, Galia] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Psychol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Gelbard, Hagar; Harel, Michal] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Vallines, Ignacio] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt Psychol, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. [Minshew, Nancy] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Behrmann, Marlene] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hasson, U (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM hasson@princeton.edu RI Avidan, Galia/B-9347-2011; Galbard-Sagiv, Hagar/J-8482-2014 OI Galbard-Sagiv, Hagar/0000-0003-0379-3854 FU International Human Frontier Science Program Organization long-term fellowship; NICHD/NIDCD [PO1/U19] FX Special thanks to Rafael Malach for his valuable input to this project. We thank David Heeger, Nava Rubin, Ifat Levy, Kate Humphreys, Cibu Thomas, Nava Levit-Binnun, and Yoram Bonneh for fruitful discussions and comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by an International Human Frontier Science Program Organization long-term fellowship (U. H.) and NICHD/NIDCD PO1/U19 (M. B. and N. M.), which is part of the NICHD/NIDCD Collaborative programs for Excellence in Autism. We thank Grace Lee Leonard, Lauren Lorenzi, and Stacy Cho for assistance in data collection and the individuals at the Collaborative Program for Excellence in Autism research at the University of Pittsburgh for their help in recruiting, scheduling, and testing Subjects. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1002/aur.89 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497AE UT WOS:000270022900004 PM 19708061 ER PT J AU Jackson, PB Boccuto, L Skinner, C Collins, JS Neri, G Gurrieri, F Schwartz, CE AF Jackson, Pamela B. Boccuto, Luigi Skinner, Cindy Collins, Julianne S. Neri, Giovanni Gurrieri, Fiorella Schwartz, Charles E. TI Further Evidence that the rs1858830 C Variant in the Promoter Region of the MET Gene is Associated with Autistic Disorder SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic disorder; MET; PDD; PDD-NOS ID GROWTH FACTOR/SCATTER FACTOR; INTERNEURON DEVELOPMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDER; GENOMIC SCREEN; CHROMOSOME 7Q; ETIOLOGY; PROTOONCOGENE; DISRUPTION; EPILEPSY; FAMILY AB Previous studies in three independent cohorts have shown that the rs1858830 C allele variant in the promoter region of the MET gene on chromosome 7q31 is associated with autism. Another study has found correlations between other alterations in the MET gene and autism in two unrelated cohorts. This study screened two cohorts, an Autistic Disorder cohort from South Carolina and a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) cohort from Italy, for the presence of the C allele variant in rs1858830. A significant increase in the C allele variant frequency was found in the South Carolina Autistic Disorder patients as compared to South Carolina Controls (chi(2) = 5.8, df = 1, P = 0.02). In the South Carolina cohort, a significant association with Autistic Disorder was found when comparing the CC and CG genotypes to the GG genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-2.40; chi(2) = 6.5, df = 1, P = 0.01) in cases and controls. In the Italian cohort, no significant association with PDD was found when comparing the CC or CG genotype to the GG genotype (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.56-2.56; chi(2) = 0.2, df = 1, P = 0.64). This study is the third independent study to find the rs1858830 C variant in the MET gene promoter to be associated with autism. C1 [Jackson, Pamela B.; Boccuto, Luigi; Skinner, Cindy; Collins, Julianne S.; Schwartz, Charles E.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Jackson, Pamela B.; Collins, Julianne S.; Schwartz, Charles E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC USA. [Boccuto, Luigi; Neri, Giovanni; Gurrieri, Fiorella] Catholic Univ, Inst Med Genet, Rome, Italy. RP Schwartz, CE (reprint author), Greenwood Genet Ctr, JC Self Res Inst Human Genet, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. EM ceschwartz@ggc.org FU South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs FX We express our gratitude to the patients and to their families for their cooperation during this project. This article was supported by work undertaken as a part of a general study of autism initiated by the Greenwood Genetic Center with partial funding by a grant from the South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs. The authors of this paper thank Debbie Mader and Sara Sarasua for their assistance during this project. 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Res. Methods PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.3758/BRM.41.3.812 PG 8 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 471WG UT WOS:000268088400030 PM 19587196 ER PT J AU Miller, MT Ventura, L Stromland, K AF Miller, Marilyn T. Ventura, Liana Stromland, Kerstin TI Thalidomide and Misoprostol: Ophthalmologic Manifestations and Associations Both Expected and Unexpected SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE thalidomide; misoprostol; Cytotec (c); Duane syndrome; Mobius sequence/syndrome; aberrant tearing; crocodile tears; autism spectrum disorders; anomalous tearing ID DUANES RETRACTION SYNDROME; MOBIUS-SYNDROME; MOEBIUS-SYNDROME; CROCODILE TEARS; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; LIMB ABNORMALITIES; VASCULAR ETIOLOGY; AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR; 1ST TRIMESTER AB Thalidomide is a very potent teratogen capable of causing severe systemic malformations if the fetus is exposed during the sensitive period. Although structural anomalies of the eye can occur from thalidomide exposure, the most frequent eye complication is secondary to damage to the cranial nuclei in the brain stem, resulting in aberrant neurologic connections causing a condition of abnormal ocular movement, Duane syndrome. A less frequent anomalous neurologic complication is tearing when eating (paradoxical gustolacrimal tearing or "crocodile tears") or lack of emotional tearing. The involvement of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, often seen together in the thalidomide-affected individual, is also characteristic of Mobius syndrome/sequence. This syndrome usually occurs sporadically, but characteristic findings of this condition have also been observed in South American children who were born after an unsuccessful attempt to induce abortion with the prostaglandin drug misoprostol (Cytotec(C)). Aberrant tearing also occurs in some individuals with Mobius syndrome. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), an unexpected associated finding in a Swedish thalidomide study, is now also noted in Mobius studies, in patients both with and without exposure to misoprostol. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:667-676, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Miller, Marilyn T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Ventura, Liana] Altino Ventura Fdn, Dept Pediat Ophthalmol, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Ventura, Liana] Hosp Olhos Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Stromland, Kerstin] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pediat Ophthalmol, Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Miller, MT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, 1855 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM marimill@uic.edu FU Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD; National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD [EY 1792]; Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY; Lions of Illinois Foundation, Maywood, IL; Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Gothenburg Medical Society, Gothenburg, Sweden; [U19HD/DC35466] FX This work was supported in part by grant U19HD/DC35466, Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD; core grant EY 1792 from the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD; an unrestricted research grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY; and the Lions of Illinois Foundation, Maywood, IL (M.M.). Also supported in part by the Altino Ventura Foundation, Recife, Brazil (L.V), and the Gothenburg Medical Society, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.S.). 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TI Investigating Epigenetic Influences on Seizure Disposition SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Canadian League Against Epilepsy Meeting CY OCT, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; RESISTANT RATS; PRONE; HIPPOCAMPAL; EXPRESSION; EPILEPSY; STRAIN AB Rats selectively bred to be seizure-prone versus resistant naturally exhibit behaviors, neuroanatomy and physiology that are reminiscent of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in humans. Evidence suggests these characteristics evolve via genetic/epigenetic mechanisms acting prior to birth that most likely involve aberrant lipid handling. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Psychol, Inst Neurosci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. 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J. Neurol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 BP S78 EP S81 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 478SP UT WOS:000268608900021 PM 19760910 ER PT J AU Lee, PS Yerys, BE Della Rosa, A Foss-Feig, J Barnes, KA James, JD VanMeter, J Vaidya, CJ Gaillard, WD Kenworthy, LE AF Lee, Philip S. Yerys, Benjamin E. Della Rosa, Anne Foss-Feig, Jennifer Barnes, Kelly Anne James, Joette D. VanMeter, John Vaidya, Chandan J. Gaillard, William D. Kenworthy, Lauren E. TI Functional Connectivity of the Inferior Frontal Cortex Changes with Age in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A fcMRI Study of Response Inhibition SO CEREBRAL CORTEX LA English DT Article DE autism; children; cognition; functional connectivity; response inhibition ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; COGNITIVE CONTROL; WHITE-MATTER; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Unmasking the neural basis of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), requires studying functional connectivity during childhood when cognitive skills develop. A functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) analysis was performed on data collected during Go/NoGo task performance from 24 children ages 8-12 years (12 with ASD; 12 controls matched on age and intellectual functioning). We investigated the connectivity of the left and right inferior frontal cortex (IFC; BA 47), key regions for response inhibition, with other active regions in frontal, striatal, and parietal cortex. Groups did not differ on behavioral measures or functional connectivity of either IFC region. A trend for reduced connectivity in the right IFC for the ASD group was revealed when controlling for age. In the ASD group, there was a significant negative correlation between age and 2 right IFC correlation pairs: right IFC-bilateral presupplementary motor area (BA 6) and right IFC-right caudate. Compared with typical controls, children with ASD may not have gross differences in IFC functional connectivity during response inhibition, which contrasts with an adult study of ASD that reported reduced functional connectivity. This discrepancy suggests an atypical developmental trajectory in ASD for right IFC connectivity with other neural regions supporting response inhibition. C1 [Yerys, Benjamin E.; Della Rosa, Anne; Vaidya, Chandan J.; Gaillard, William D.; Kenworthy, Lauren E.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Childrens Res Inst Neurosci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Lee, Philip S.; Barnes, Kelly Anne; Vaidya, Chandan J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Yerys, Benjamin E.; Della Rosa, Anne; James, Joette D.; Kenworthy, Lauren E.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Foss-Feig, Jennifer] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Development, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [VanMeter, John; Gaillard, William D.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Yerys, BE (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Childrens Res Inst Neurosci, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM byerys@cnmc.org FU Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation; Studies for the Advancement of Autism Research and Treatment [U54 MH066417]; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Children's National Medical Center [P30HD40677]; General Clinic Research Center [M01-RR13297, T-32]; NIH [T32HD046388] FX Frederick and Elizabeth Singer Foundation and the Studies for the Advancement of Autism Research and Treatment (STAART: NIMH U54 MH066417); Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Children's National Medical Center (NIH IDDRC P30HD40677); the General Clinic Research Center (NIH GCRC M01-RR13297); and T-32 post- doctoral to B. E. Y. through the IDDRC (NIH T32HD046388). 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Cortex PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1787 EP 1794 DI 10.1093/cercor/bhn209 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 469HV UT WOS:000267888000008 PM 19068486 ER PT J AU Benjak, T Mavrinac, GV Simetin, IP AF Benjak, Tomislav Mavrinac, Gorka Vuletic Simetin, Ivana Pavic TI Comparative Study on Self-perceived Health of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Parents of Non-disabled Children in Croatia SO CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OF-HOME PLACEMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITY; FAMILIES; LIFE; INTERVENTION; CAREGIVERS; DEPRESSION AB Aim To assess self-perceived health of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in comparison with those of parents of non-disabled children. Methods A total of 350 parents participated in the study: 178 parents of children with ASD (71% response rate) and 172 parents of non-disabled children matched by age, education, and place of living. Parents' self-perceived health was assessed using the Croatian version of the health status questionnaire SF-36, while socio-demographic information, chronic medical conditions, and needs were assessed by a general questionnaire. Results For all dimensions of health, except physical health, parents of children with ASD had significantly poorer self-perceived health and reported significantly more deteriorated health in the last year than the control group (P < 0.001). They also reported more psychological disorders (11% vs 4.3%), which was the largest difference in specified chronic medical conditions. Hundred twenty six (71%) parents of children with ASD thought that enhancing different policy measures (economic, social, educational) could advance their and their children's health and well-being. Conclusion Parents of children with ASD had poorer health than the control group in all components, except physical health. Because parents are the main providers of support for children with ASD, preserving parents' good health and well-being is a precondition for an optimal care for children. Therefore, current system for treating children with ASD in Croatia should also include permanent improvement of parents' health and well-being. C1 [Benjak, Tomislav; Simetin, Ivana Pavic] Croatian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Mavrinac, Gorka Vuletic] Univ Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Fac Philosophy, Dept Psychol, Osijek, Croatia. RP Benjak, T (reprint author), Croatian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Rockefellerova 7, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 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Med. J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.403 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 494PV UT WOS:000269827000010 PM 19673041 ER PT J AU Boughton, B AF Boughton, Barbara TI NIH Allocates $60 Million for Autism Research SO CTS-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-8054 J9 CTS-CLIN TRANSL SCI JI CTS-Clin. Transl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 533RX UT WOS:000272843400002 ER PT J AU Steinhausen, HC Foldager, L Perto, G Munk-Jorgensen, P AF Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph Foldager, Leslie Perto, Gurli Munk-Jorgensen, Povl TI Family aggregation of mental disorders in the nationwide Danish three generation study SO EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE psychopathology; family aggregation; epidemiology; register study ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; SCHIZOPHRENIA; COMMUNITY; REGISTER; HISTORY; AUTISM AB The study of familial aggregation of major mental disorders in a national population. Within a Danish register-based cohort study, aggregation of mental disorders was analysed in all case-probands with first psychiatric contact before the age of 19 years in the time period between 1 April 1969 and 29 June 2004 followed up until the age of 35 years, their first-degree relatives, and a matched group of control-probands including their first-degree relatives. Hazard rate ratios were significantly elevated for cases as compared to controls for all diagnoses among probands, parents, and siblings. Among children of the probands, these ratios were significantly elevated for neurotic (anxiety) disorders, mental retardation, developmental disorders, behavioural and emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence, and miscellaneous disorders. Family aggregation of any diagnosis was significantly higher in probands with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, affective disorders, neurotic (anxiety) disorders, and miscellaneous disorders. 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Arch. Psych. Clin. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 259 IS 5 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s00406-008-0865-0 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 438RV UT WOS:000265574000003 PM 19224110 ER PT J AU Mattila, ML Jussila, K Kuusikko, S Kielinen, M Linna, SL Ebeling, H Bloigu, R Joskitt, L Pauls, D Moilanen, I AF Mattila, Marja-Leena Jussila, Katja Kuusikko, Sanna Kielinen, Marko Linna, Sirkka-Liisa Ebeling, Hanna Bloigu, Risto Joskitt, Leena Pauls, David Moilanen, Irma TI When does the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) predict autism spectrum disorders in primary school-aged children? SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Pervasive developmental disorders; Autism spectrum disorders; Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ); Screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; TOTAL POPULATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; CRITERIA AB The aims of this study were, firstly, to study the association between parents' and teachers' ratings for the Finnish version of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), secondly, to find out whether the original cut-off scores of the ASSQ identify primary school-aged children with Asperger syndrome (AS) or autism by using the Finnish ASSQ, and thirdly, to evaluate the validity of the ASSQ. Parents and/or teachers of higher-functioning (full-scale intelligence quotient a parts per thousand yen 50) 8-year-old total population school children (n = 4,408) and 7-12-year-old outpatients with AS/autism (n = 47) completed the Finnish version of the ASSQ. Agreement between informants was slight. In the whole total population, low positive correlation was found between parents' and teachers' ratings, while in the sample of high-scoring children the correlation turned out to be negative. A cut-off of 30 for parents' and teacher's summed score and 22 for teachers' single score is recommended. A valid cut-off for parents' single score could not been estimated. The clinicians are reminded that the ASSQ is a screening instrument, not a diagnosing instrument. The importance of using both parents' and teachers' ratings for screening in clinical settings is underlined. C1 [Mattila, Marja-Leena; Jussila, Katja; Kuusikko, Sanna; Ebeling, Hanna; Joskitt, Leena; Moilanen, Irma] Univ Oulu, Univ Hosp Oulu, Clin Child Psychiat, Oulu 90029, Finland. [Kielinen, Marko] Univ Oulu, Dept Educ Sci & Teacher Educ, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Linna, Sirkka-Liisa] Univ Oulu, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Bloigu, Risto] Univ Oulu, Med Informat Grp, Oulu 90014, Finland. [Pauls, David] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit,Med Sch, Charlestown, MA USA. RP Mattila, ML (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Univ Hosp Oulu, Clin Child Psychiat, POB 26, Oulu 90029, Finland. EM marja-leena.mattila@fimnet.fi; katja.jussila@oulu.fi; sanna.kuusikko@gmail.com; marko.kielinen@oulu.fi; sirkkaliisa.linna@oulu.fi; hanna.ebeling@oulu.fi; risto.bloigu@oulu.fi; leena.joskitt@oulu.fi; dpauls@pngu.mgh.harvard.edu; irma.moilanen@oulu.fi FU Finland's Slot Machine Association; Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Finland; Rinnekoti Research Foundation, Espoo, Finland; Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland; Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Oulu Area, Finland; Oulu Medical Research Foundation, Oulu, Finland; National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR) FX We want to thank the children and their parents, the teachers and the entire staff of the schools for participating in this study. We thank chief psychologist Terttu Tapio and clinical psychologist Kati Wedman for their comments and help with this study. The Graduate School of Circumpolar Wellbeing, Health and Adaptation is acknowledged for their support. This study received financial support from Finland's Slot Machine Association awarded to the Finnish Association for Autism and Asperger's Syndrome and from the Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Finland, awarded to the Eija and Veikko Lesonen Foundation, Oulu, Finland. Dr. Marja-Leena Mattila received research grants from the Rinnekoti Research Foundation, Espoo, Finland, the Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland, the Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Finland, the Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Oulu Area, Finland, and the Oulu Medical Research Foundation, Oulu, Finland. Psychologist Katja Jussila received a research grant from the Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, Finland, and psychologist Sanna Kuusikko from the Alma and K. A. Snellman Foundation Oulu, Finland, and the Child Psychiatric Research Foundation, Finland. This particular study was also financially supported by a National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR) grant awarded to professor David Pauls. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 8 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s00787-009-0044-5 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 477IF UT WOS:000268512000005 PM 19597920 ER PT J AU Briegel, W Schimek, M Kamp-Becker, I Hofmann, C Schwab, KO AF Briegel, Wolfgang Schimek, Martina Kamp-Becker, Inge Hofmann, Christina Schwab, K. Otfried TI Autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with Moebius sequence SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Moebius sequence; Autism spectrum disorders; Children and adolescents ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MOBIUS-SYNDROME; BRAIN-STEM; VASCULAR ETIOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS AB Moebius sequence is a rare congenital disorder usually defined as a combination of facial weakness with impairment of ocular abduction. A strong association of Moebius sequence with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has been suggested in earlier studies with heterogenous age groups. The primary caregivers of all children and adolescents with Moebius sequence aged 6-17 years known to the German Moebius foundation were anonymously asked to complete two screening measures of ASD [Behavior and Communication Questionnaire (VSK); Marburger Asperger's Syndrome Rating Scale (MBAS)]. For those who reached the cut-off for ASD, well standardized diagnostic instruments (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, WISC-III, and Kinder-DIPS) should be administered. Minimal diagnostic criteria for Moebius sequence were congenital facial weakness (uni- or bilateral) and impairment of ocular abduction (uni- or bilateral). Familiar cases should be excluded. The primary caregivers of 35/46 children and adolescents (18 males, 17 females, mean age 11.5 years) sent back completed questionnaires, but only 27 subjects met inclusion criteria. According to the primary caregivers, none of these subjects showed mental retardation. Two probands (both males 9 and 16 years old) reached the cut-off of the MBAS whereas the results of the VSK did not indicate ASDs in any of the patients. The 9 year old boy could be examined personally and did not meet diagnostic criteria of ASD. ASDs might be not as frequent as reported in previous studies on patients with Moebius sequence, at least not in patients without mental retardation. C1 [Briegel, Wolfgang; Schimek, Martina] Leopoldina Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-97422 Schweinfurt, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge] Univ Marburg Giessen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany. [Hofmann, Christina; Schwab, K. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 8 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00787-009-0003-1 PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 477IF UT WOS:000268512000007 PM 19255803 ER PT J AU Santosh, PJ Mandy, WPL Puura, K Kaartinen, M Warrington, R Skuse, DH AF Santosh, Paramala J. Mandy, William P. L. Puura, Kaija Kaartinen, Miia Warrington, Richard Skuse, David H. TI The construction and validation of a short form of the developmental, diagnostic and dimensional interview SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autistic spectrum disorders; Interview; Assessment ID DISORDERS AB We aimed to construct and validate a shortened form of the developmental, diagnostic and dimensional interview (3Di), a parent report interview for assessing and diagnosing autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). Data from 879 children and young people were used. In half of the sample (n = 440) reliability analysis was used to identify 3Di items that best measured each dimension of the autism triad. This informed the construction of a shortened (53 item) 3Di, which was then validated on subjects not used in the reliability analysis (n = 439). This involved comparison with scores from the original 3Di algorithm and, in a subsample (n = 29), with the autism diagnostic interview-revised (ADI-R). Agreement of the new shortened 3Di with the 3Di's original algorithm was excellent in both dimensional and categorical terms. Agreement on caseness (27 out of 29) with the ADI-R was also strong. The new 3Di short version is less than half as long as the original version and outputs very similar scores. It will be useful to clinicians and researchers for obtaining a dimensional autism assessment in less than 45 minutes. C1 [Mandy, William P. L.] UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Santosh, Paramala J.] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Ctr Intervent Paediat Psychopharmacol, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Puura, Kaija; Kaartinen, Miia] Tampere Univ, Dept Child Psychiat, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Puura, Kaija; Kaartinen, Miia] Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland. [Warrington, Richard; Skuse, David H.] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England. RP Mandy, WPL (reprint author), UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. 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Jill Rose, Shannon Melnyk, Stepan Jernigan, Stefanie Blossom, Sarah Pavliv, Oleksandra Gaylor, David W. TI Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; oxidative stress; nitric oxide ID COULOMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS; NITRIC-OXIDE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NITROSATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER AB Research into the metabolic phenotype of autism has been relatively unexplored despite the fact that metabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several other neurobehavioral disorders. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress have been reported in autistic children; however, intracellular redox status has not yet been evaluated. Lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) derived from autistic children and unaffected controls were used to assess relative concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized disulfide glutathione (GSSG) in cell extracts and isolated mitochondria as a measure of intracellular redox capacity. The results indicated that the GSH/GSSG redox ratio was decreased and percentage oxidized glutathione increased in both cytosol and mitochondria in the autism LCLs. Exposure to oxidative stress via the sulfhydryl reagent thimerosal resulted in a greater decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio and increase in free radical generation in autism compared to control cells. Acute exposure to physiological levels of nitric oxide decreased mitochondrial membrane potential to a greater extent in the autism LCLs, although GSH/GSSG and ATP concentrations were similarly decreased in both cell lines. These results suggest that the autism LCLs exhibit a reduced glutathione reserve capacity in both cytosol and mitochondria that may compromise antioxidant defense and detoxification capacity under prooxidant conditions.-James, S. J., Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Jernigan, S., Blossom, S., Pavliv, O., Gaylor, D. W. Cellular and mitochondrial glutathione redox imbalance in lymphoblastoid cells derived from children with autism. FASEB J. 23, 2374-2383 (2009) C1 [James, S. Jill; Rose, Shannon; Melnyk, Stepan; Jernigan, Stefanie; Blossom, Sarah; Pavliv, Oleksandra] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Gaylor, David W.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Biostat, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP James, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Pediat, 1120 Marshall St,Slot 512-41 B, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM jamesjill@uams.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [RO1 HD051873]; Safeminds, Inc.; Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX We thank the many autism families that participated in the Autism Genetic Research Exchange program. This research was supported, in part, with funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (RO1 HD051873) to S.J.J., and by grants from Safeminds, Inc., and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute (S.J.J.). 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2374 EP 2383 DI 10.1096/fj.08-128926 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 481UE UT WOS:000268836700006 PM 19307255 ER PT J AU Gatto, CL Broadie, K AF Gatto, Cheryl L. Broadie, Kendal TI Temporal requirements of the fragile X mental retardation protein in modulating circadian clock circuit synaptic architecture SO FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE Drosophila; fragile X syndrome; FMRP; gene-switch; lateral neuron; pigment dispersing factor; clock circuit; synapse ID MESSENGER-RNA TRANSPORT; KNOCK-OUT MICE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOUSE MODEL; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; BEHAVIORAL RHYTHMS; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; BRAIN AB Loss of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene function is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders, characterized by attention disorder, hyperactivity and disruption of circadian activity cycles. Pursuit of effective intervention strategies requires determining when the FMR1 product (FMRP) is required in the regulation of neuronal circuitry controlling these behaviors. In the well-characterized Drosophila disease model, loss of the highly conserved dFMRP causes circadian arrhythmicity and conspicuous abnormalities in the circadian clock circuitry. Here, a novel Sholl Analysis was used to quantify over-elaborated synaptic architecture in dfmr1-null small ventrolateral neurons (sLN(v)s), a key subset of clock neurons. The transgenic Gene-Switch system was employed to drive conditional neuronal dFMRP expression in the dfmr1-null mutant background in order to dissect temporal requirements within the clock circuit. Introduction of dFMRP during early brain development, including the stages of neurogenesis, neuronal fate specification and early pathfinding, provided no rescue of dfmr1 mutant phenotypes. Similarly, restoring normal dFMRP expression in the adult failed to restore circadian circuit architecture. In sharp contrast, supplying dFMRP during a transient window of very late brain development, wherein synaptogenesis and substantial subsequent synaptic reorganization (e. g. use-dependent pruning) occur, provided strong morphological rescue to reestablish normal sLN(v)s synaptic arbors. We conclude that dFMRP plays a developmentally restricted role in sculpting synaptic architecture in these neurons that cannot be compensated for by later reintroduction of the protein at maturity. C1 [Gatto, Cheryl L.; Broadie, Kendal] Vanderbilt Univ, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN USA. RP Broadie, K (reprint author), 6270 MRB 3,465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kendal.broadie@vanderbilt.edu FU FRAXA Research Foundation; National Institutes of Health through the NIH [T32 MH075883, MH084989] FX We are especially grateful to Dr. Haig Keshishian (Yale University) for the elav-Gene-Switch line that made this work possible. We thankfully acknowledge the Drosophila Bloomington Stock Center and the Iowa Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank for essential genetic lines and antibodies, respectively. We would also like to acknowledge members of the Broadie Lab, especially Dr. Charles Tessier, Dr. Sarah Repicky and Mr. R. Lane Coffee, for insightful discussion and critical feedback during manuscript preparation. This work was supported in part by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the FRAXA Research Foundation and the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Training Grant T32 MH075883 to C. L. G. and R01 grant MH084989 to K. B. 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Kempas, Elli von Wendt, Lennart Varilo, Teppo Peltonen, Leena TI Linkage and linkage disequilibrium scan for autism loci in an extended pedigree from Finland SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ONSET SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA; MAJOR SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEIZURE SUSCEPTIBILITY; DROSOPHILA ENHANCER; SHARING STATISTICS; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; CHANNEL GENE AB Population isolates, such as Finland, have proved beneficial in mapping rare causative genetic variants due to a limited number of founders resulting in reduced genetic heterogeneity and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD). We have here used this special opportunity to identify rare alleles in autism by genealogically tracing 20 autism families into one extended pedigree with verified genealogical links reaching back to the 17th century. In this unique pedigree, we performed a dense microsatellite marker genome-wide scan of linkage and LD and followed initial findings with extensive fine-mapping. We identified a putative autism susceptibility locus at 19p13.3 and obtained further evidence for previously identified loci at 1q23 and 15q11-q13. Most promising candidate genes were TLE2 and TLE6 clustered at 19p13 and ATP1A2 at 1q23. C1 [Kilpinen, Helena; Ylisaukko-oja, Tero; Rehnstrom, Karola; Gaal, Emilia; Turunen, Joni A.; Kempas, Elli; Varilo, Teppo; Peltonen, Leena] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Biomedicum, Inst Mol Med,Finland FIMM, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Ylisaukko-oja, Tero; Rehnstrom, Karola; Varilo, Teppo; Peltonen, Leena] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Biomedicum, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [von Wendt, Lennart] Hosp Children & Adolescents, HUS, Unit Child Neurol, Helsinki 00029, Finland. [Peltonen, Leena] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Peltonen, Leena] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Peltonen, Leena] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. RP Peltonen, L (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Biomedicum, Inst Mol Med,Finland FIMM, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00251, Finland. EM leena@sanger.ac.uk FU Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland; Bio-centrum Helsinki; Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; Autism Speaks/Cure Autism Now FX This work was supported by the Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland; Bio-centrum Helsinki; Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; and Autism Speaks/Cure Autism Now [to T.Y.]. 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Mol. Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2912 EP 2921 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddp229 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 469IB UT WOS:000267888600017 PM 19454485 ER PT J AU Broderick, AA AF Broderick, Alicia A. TI Autism, "Recovery (to Normalcy)," and the Politics of Hope SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; PROJECT; INTERVENTION AB This article draws on the traditions of critical discourse analysis (N. Fairclough, 1995, 2001; M. Foucault, 1972, 1980; J. P. Gee, 1999) in critically examining the discursive formation of "recovery" from autism in applied behavioral analysis (ABA) discourse and its relationship to constructs Of hope. Constituted principally in the work of O. I. Lovaas (1987) and C. Maurice (1993), and central to ABA discourse on recovery, has been the construction of a particular vision of hope that has at least 2 integral conceptual elements: (a) Hope for recovery within ABA discourse is constructed in binary opposition to hopelessness, and (b) recovery within ABA discourse is discursively, constructed as recovery (to normalcy). The author analyzes these 2 pivotal ABA texts within the context of an analysis of other uses of the term recovery in broader bodies of literature: (a) within prior autism-related literature, particularly autobiography, and (b) within literature emanating from the psychiatric survivors' movement. If, indeed, visions of hope inform educational policy and decision making, this analysis addresses S. 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Dev. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 263 EP 281 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-47.4.263 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 483LY UT WOS:000268969500002 PM 19650681 ER PT J AU Rommelse, NNJ Altink, ME Fliers, EA Martin, NC Buschgens, CJM Hartman, CA Buitelaar, JK Faraone, SV Sergeant, JA Oosterlaan, J AF Rommelse, Nanda N. J. Altink, Marieke E. Fliers, Ellen A. Martin, Neilson C. Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M. Hartman, Catharina A. Buitelaar, Jan K. Faraone, Stephen V. Sergeant, Joseph A. Oosterlaan, Jaap TI Comorbid Problems in ADHD: Degree of Association, Shared Endophenotypes, and Formation of Distinct Subtypes. Implications for a Future DSM SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder; Comorbidity; Endophenotype; Phenotype; DSM-V ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; ANXIETY; AUTISM; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; COMMUNITY; SIBLINGS AB We aimed to assess which comorbid problems (oppositional defiant behaviors, anxiety, autistic traits, motor coordination problems, and reading problems) were most associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); to determine whether these comorbid problems shared executive and motor problems on an endophenotype level with ADHD; and to determine whether executive functioning (EF)-and motor-endophenotypes supported the hypothesis that ADHD with comorbid problems is a qualitatively different phenotype than ADHD without comorbid problems. An EF-and a motor-endophenotype were formed based on nine neuropsychological tasks administered to 816 children from ADHD-and control-families. Additional data on comorbid problems were gathered using questionnaires. Results indicated that oppositional defiant behaviors appeared the most important comorbid problems of ADHD, followed by autistic traits, and than followed by motor coordination problems, anxiety, and reading problems. Both the EF-and motor-endophenotype were correlated and cross-correlated in siblings to autistic traits, motor coordination problems and reading problems, suggesting ADHD and these comorbid problems may possibly share familial/genetic EF and motor deficits. No such results were found for oppositional defiant behaviors and anxiety. ADHD in co-occurrence with comorbid problems may not be best seen as a distinct subtype of ADHD, but further research is warranted. C1 [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Oosterlaan, Jaap] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Clin Neuropsychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Fliers, Ellen A.] BAVO Europoort, Youth Dept, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Martin, Neilson C.] Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Psychol, Perth, WA, Australia. [Hartman, Catharina A.] Univ Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands. [Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY USA. [Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Rommelse, NNJ (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, Reinier Postlaan 12, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.1007/s10802-009-9312-6 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 469RF UT WOS:000267917100003 PM 19308723 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, RE Daniels, AM Law, JK Law, PA Kaufmann, WE AF Rosenberg, Rebecca E. Daniels, Amy M. Law, J. Kiely Law, Paul A. Kaufmann, Walter E. TI Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses: 1994-2007 SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger syndrome; Pervasive developmental disorder; Health disparity; Classification ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RETT-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; STATES AB We analyzed predictors of parent-reported initial diagnosis (autistic disorder [AD], pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS], pervasive developmental disorder ['PDD'] and autism spectrum disorder ['ASD'], and Asperger syndrome [AS]), among 6,176 individuals with autism spectrum disorders diagnosed from 1994 through 2007. Overall, distribution of diagnoses was influenced by a secular time trend factor; other significant factors included ethnicity, white race, geographic location, urbanicity, and initial evaluator. Since 2001, most initial diagnoses of AD and AS have remained steady while 'PDD' and PDD-NOS have decreased. 'ASD' diagnoses have increased, especially among school-based teams; AS diagnoses also increased uniquely among these evaluators. Findings from this study suggest that current diagnostic guidelines may not be meeting all community evaluator needs. C1 [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. [Rosenberg, Rebecca E.; Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Daniels, Amy M.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, Paul A.; Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Kaufmann, WE (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0723-6 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600001 PM 19294498 ER PT J AU Adams, NC Jarrold, C AF Adams, Nena C. Jarrold, Christopher TI Inhibition and the Validity of the Stroop Task for Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Executive function; Inhibition; Stroop task; Reading comprehension ID LATENT-VARIABLE ANALYSIS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; WORD INTERFERENCE; WORKING-MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MIND; COMPREHENSION; PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION AB Findings are mixed concerning inhibition in autism. Using the classic Stroop, children with autism (CWA) often outperform typically developing children (TDC). A classic Stroop and a chimeric animal Stroop were used to explore the validity of the Stroop task as a test of inhibition for CWA. During the classic Stroop, children ignored the word and named the ink colour, then vice versa. Although CWA showed less interference than TDC when colour naming, both groups showed comparable interference when word reading. During the chimeric animal task, children ignored bodies of animals and named heads, and vice versa; the groups performed comparably. Findings confirm that lower reading comprehension affects Stroop interference in CWA, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions concerning inhibition in CWA. C1 [Adams, Nena C.; Jarrold, Christopher] Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England. RP Adams, NC (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, 12A Priory Rd, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1112 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0721-8 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600002 PM 19291380 ER PT J AU Sebastian, C Blakemore, SJ Charman, T AF Sebastian, Catherine Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne Charman, Tony TI Reactions to Ostracism in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Conditions SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum conditions (ASC); Ostracism; Adolescence; Self-report ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL EXCLUSION; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; INDIVIDUALS; EMOTIONS; ANXIETY; FMRI AB Little is known about how adolescents with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) experience the initial impact of ostracism. This study investigated whether a mild, short-term episode of experimentally induced ostracism (Cyberball) would affect self-reported anxiety, mood, and the extent to which four social needs (self-esteem, belonging, control and meaningful existence) were threatened in adolescents with ASC and matched controls. Anxiety and the four needs were negatively affected by ostracism in both groups. However, ostracism did not modulate mood in the ASC group, and a number of possible interpretations of this group difference are discussed. In general, the results of this study suggest that normative models of ostracism are applicable to ASC. C1 [Sebastian, Catherine; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne] UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, London WC1N 3AR, England. [Charman, Tony] UCL Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 3EH, England. RP Sebastian, C (reprint author), UCL, Inst Cognit Neurosci, 17 Queen Sq, London WC1N 3AR, England. 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Manor, Orly Sigman, Marian TI Developmental Trajectories in Siblings of Children with Autism: Cognition and Language from 4 Months to 7 Years SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Siblings; Broad autism phenotype; Cognition; Language ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; SUBCLINICAL MARKERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BROADER PHENOTYPE; YOUNGER SIBLINGS; RELATIVES; PARENTS; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS AB We compared the cognitive and language development at 4, 14, 24, 36, 54 months, and 7 years of siblings of children with autism (SIBS-A) to that of siblings of children with typical development (SIBS-TD) using growth curve analyses. At 7 years, 40% of the SIBS-A, compared to 16% of SIBS-TD, were identified with cognitive, language and/or academic difficulties, identified using direct tests and/or parental reports. This sub-group was identified as SIBS-A-broad phenotype (BP). Results indicated that early language scores (14-54 months), but not cognitive scores of SIBS-A-BP and SIBS-A-nonBP were significantly lower compared to the language scores of SIBS-TD, and that the rate of development was also significantly different, thus pinpointing language as a major area of difficulty for SIBS-A during the preschool years. C1 [Yirmiya, Nurit] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gamliel, Ifat; Yirmiya, Nurit] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Educ, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Jaffe, Dena H.; Manor, Orly] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Publ Hlth, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Sigman, Marian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sigman, Marian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Yirmiya, N (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. 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H., 1992, CELF PRESCHOOL CLIN WONG D, 2006, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V8, P561, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1601-183X.2005.00199.X Yirmiya N, 2001, RESEARCH BASIS FOR AUTISM INTERVENTION, P59 Yirmiya N, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P218, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0163-5 Yirmiya N, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0329-1 Yirmiya N, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P511, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01528.x ZWAIGENBAUM L, 2008, INT M AUT RES LOND Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1144 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0727-2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600004 PM 19326200 ER PT J AU Bent, S Bertoglio, K Hendren, RL AF Bent, Stephen Bertoglio, Kiah Hendren, Robert L. TI Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Omega-3 fatty acids; Complementary and alternative medicine ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH-OIL; CHILDREN; COMPLEMENTARY; SUPPLEMENTATION; PATTERNS; DISEASE; TRIALS AB We conducted a systematic review to determine the safety and efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database using the terms autism or autistic and omega-3 fatty acids. The search identified 143 potential articles and six satisfied all inclusion criteria. One small randomized controlled trial (n = 13) noted non-significant improvements in hyperactivity and stereotypy. The remaining five studies were small (n = 30, 22, 19, 9, and 1) with four reporting improvements in a wide range of outcomes including language and learning skills, parental observations of general health and behavior, a clinician-administered symptom scale, and clinical observations of anxiety. Due to the limitations of evidence from uncontrolled studies and the presence of only one small randomized controlled trial, there is currently insufficient scientific evidence to determine if omega-3 fatty acids are safe or effective for ASD. C1 [Bent, Stephen] Univ Calif San Francisco, VAMC, Dept Med, Osher Ctr Integrat Med, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Bent, Stephen] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. [Bertoglio, Kiah; Hendren, Robert L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Bent, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, VAMC, Dept Med, Osher Ctr Integrat Med, 111-A1 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1154 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0724-5 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600005 PM 19333748 ER PT J AU Richards, C Moss, J O'Farrell, L Kaur, G Oliver, C AF Richards, Caroline Moss, Jo O'Farrell, Laura Kaur, Gurmeash Oliver, Chris TI Social Anxiety in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Cornelia de Lange syndrome; Autism spectrum disorder; Behavioral phenotype; Cri du Chat syndrome; Social anxiety ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; DU-CHAT-SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DELANGE-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE-SKILLS; CRITICAL REGION; NIPPED-B; CHILDREN; CRI; PHENOTYPE AB In this study we assessed the behavioral presentation of social anxiety in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) using a contrast group of Cri du Chat syndrome (CdCS). Behaviors indicative of social anxiety were recorded in twelve children with CdLS (mean age = 11.00; SD = 5.15) and twelve children with CdCS (8.20; SD = 2.86) during social interaction. Lag sequential analysis revealed that participants with CdLS were significantly more likely to evidence behavior indicative of anxiety in close temporal proximity to the point at which they maintained eye contact or spoke. Individuals with CdLS demonstrate a heightened probability of anxiety related behavior during social interaction but only at the point at which social demand is high. C1 [Richards, Caroline; Moss, Jo; Kaur, Gurmeash; Oliver, Chris] Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [O'Farrell, Laura] Cardiff Univ, Dept Psychol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Oliver, C (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1162 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0730-7 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600006 PM 19330433 ER PT J AU Koenig, K De Los Reyes, A Cicchetti, D Scahill, L Klin, A AF Koenig, Kathleen De Los Reyes, Andres Cicchetti, Domenic Scahill, Lawrence Klin, Ami TI Group Intervention to Promote Social Skills in School-age Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Reconsidering Efficacy SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Pervasive developmental disorders; Social skills training; Evidence-based treatment; Range of changes; Group therapy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; METAANALYSIS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; RECOMMENDATIONS; INDIVIDUALS; COMPETENCE; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR AB A consistent result in the evaluation of group-delivered intervention to promote social reciprocity in children with PDDs is that outcome data are inconclusive. Lack of robust evidence of efficacy confounds understanding of these interventions and their value to the field. It is conceivable that the construct of impaired social reciprocity in PDD presents unique circumstances that require special consideration when evaluating the evidence base. Social reciprocity and impairment in social functioning are complex constructs, which require a multi-dimensional, multi-method approach to intervention and measurement of gains. The existing paradigm for evaluating the evidence base of intervention may need modification to permit a more intricate analysis of the extant research, and increase the sophistication of future research. C1 [Koenig, Kathleen; Cicchetti, Domenic; Scahill, Lawrence; Klin, Ami] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [De Los Reyes, Andres] Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Koenig, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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R., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE WADMAN M, 2008, NATURE, V253, P259, DOI DOI 10.1038/454259A Wang D., 2006, CLIN TRIALS PRACTICA Webb B. J., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P53, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190010701 White SW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x Yang NK, 2003, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V38, P405 NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1163 EP 1172 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0728-1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600007 PM 19326199 ER PT J AU Moore, TR Symons, FJ AF Moore, Timothy R. Symons, Frank J. TI Adherence to Behavioral and Medical Treatment Recommendations by Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Intellectual and Development Disabilities CY MAR, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE Adherence; Parents; Autism spectrum disorders ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; TREATMENT INTEGRITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; THERAPY; PATTERNS; MOTHERS; HEALTH; MAINTENANCE; REACTIVITY; RESISTANCE AB The extent to which parents of children with intellectual or developmental disabilities are adherent to prescribed treatments has not been investigated. In this treatment adherence study, parents (n = 220) of children with autism spectrum disorders were surveyed regarding implementation of recommended treatments to manage problem behavior of their children living at home. Overall adherence to medical treatment recommendations was significantly greater than adherence to behavioral treatment recommendations (p < .002). Of the behavioral treatment recommendations, parents reported greater adherence to reinforcement (81.7%) than punishment (68.9%). Child diagnosis (p < .002) and the diagnosis x marital status interaction (p < .05) were significantly associated with reported adherence to behavioral and medical treatment, respectively. Results are discussed in light of the need to address adherence enhancement and measurement methods. C1 [Moore, Timothy R.; Symons, Frank J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Educ Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Moore, TR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Educ Psychol, 250 Educ Sci Bldg,56 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0729-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600008 PM 19333747 ER PT J AU Russo, N Zecker, S Trommer, B Chen, J Kraus, N AF Russo, Nicole Zecker, Steven Trommer, Barbara Chen, Julia Kraus, Nina TI Effects of Background Noise on Cortical Encoding of Speech in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Cortical encoding; Speech; Background noise; Children; Evoked potentials ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; AUDITORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SOUNDS VERTICAL-BAR; LEARNING-PROBLEMS; BRAIN-STEM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE DISORDERS AB This study provides new evidence of deficient auditory cortical processing of speech in noise in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech-evoked responses (similar to 100-300 ms) in quiet and background noise were evaluated in typically-developing (TD) children and children with ASD. ASD responses showed delayed timing (both conditions) and reduced amplitudes (quiet) compared to TD responses. As expected, TD responses in noise were delayed and reduced compared to quiet responses. However, minimal quiet-to-noise response differences were found in children with ASD, presumably because quiet responses were already severely degraded. Moreover, ASD quiet responses resembled TD noise responses, implying that children with ASD process speech in quiet only as well as TD children do in background noise. C1 [Russo, Nicole; Zecker, Steven; Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Roxelyn & Richard Pepper Dept Commun Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Trommer, Barbara] Maimonides Hosp, Div Neurol, Dept Pediat, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. [Chen, Julia] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1196 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0737-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600009 PM 19353261 ER PT J AU Dworzynski, K Happe, F Bolton, P Ronald, A AF Dworzynski, Katharina Happe, Francesca Bolton, Patrick Ronald, Angelica TI Relationship Between Symptom Domains in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population Based Twin Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Symptom domains; Twins ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENERAL-POPULATION; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; FAMILY HISTORY; LANGUAGE; TRAITS; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN AB Factor structure and relationship between core features of autism (social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive behaviours or interests (RRBIs)) were explored in 189 children from the Twins Early Development Study, diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA; Goodman et al. in J Child Psychol Psyc 41:645-655, 2000). A bottom-up approach (analysis 1) used principal component factor analysis of DAWBA items indicating five factors, the first three mapping on the triad. In analysis 2, applying top-down DSM-IV criteria, correlations between domains were modest, strongest between social and communication difficulties. Cross-twin cross-trait correlations suggested small shared genetic effects between RRBIs and other symptoms. These findings from a clinical sample of twins indicate a fractionation of social/communicative and RRBI symptoms in ASD. C1 [Dworzynski, Katharina; Happe, Francesca; Bolton, Patrick; Ronald, Angelica] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr SGDP, London SE5 8AF, England. [Ronald, Angelica] Birkbeck Coll, London, England. RP Dworzynski, K (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr SGDP, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1210 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0736-1 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600010 PM 19373549 ER PT J AU Gaigg, SB Bowler, DM AF Gaigg, Sebastian B. Bowler, Dermot M. TI Brief Report: Attenuated Emotional Suppression of the Attentional Blink in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Another Non-Social Abnormality? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Emotional modulation of attention; Attentional Blink; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Emotional processing; Amygdala ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AMYGDALA THEORY; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; FACILITATION; RESPONSES; DEFICITS; CHILDREN; RECALL; TASK AB Twenty-five individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typically developed individuals participated in an Attentional Blink paradigm to determine whether emotional words would capture attention similarly in the two groups. Whilst the emotionality of words facilitated attention in typical comparison participants, this effect was attenuated in the ASD group. The magnitude of the emotional modulation of attention in ASD also correlated significantly with participants' VIQ, which was not observed for the comparison group. Together these observations replicate and extend the findings of Corden et al. (J Autism Develop Disord 38:1072-1080, 2008) and implicate abnormalities in emotional processes outside the broader context of social cognition in ASD. We discuss our findings in relation to possible abnormalities in amygdala function that may underlie the disorder. C1 [Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Bowler, Dermot M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, London EC1V 0HB, England. RP Gaigg, SB (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, London EC1V 0HB, England. EM s.b.gaigg@city.ac.uk CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anderson AK, 2001, NATURE, V411, P305, DOI 10.1038/35077083 ARMONY JL, 2001, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V1322, P1 Ashwin C, 2006, BRAIN COGNITION, V61, P78, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.008 Bachevalier J., 2000, AMYGDALA FUNCTIONAL, P509 Baron-Cohen S, 2000, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V24, P355, DOI 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00011-7 Baron-Cohen Simon, 1995, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Bechara A, 1996, CEREB CORTEX, V6, P215, DOI 10.1093/cercor/6.2.215 Bechara A, 2003, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V985, P356 Bernier R, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P575, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0002-0 Beversdorf DQ, 1998, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V65, P685, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.65.5.685 Corden B, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1072, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0485-y Corona R, 1998, CHILD DEV, V69, P1494, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06172.x De Martino B, 2009, CEREB CORTEX, V19, P127, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhn062 Deruelle C, 2008, AUTISM RES, V1, P91, DOI 10.1002/aur.13 Frith U., 2003, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gaigg SB, 2008, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V46, P2336, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.008 Gaigg SB, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P2125, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.012 GAIGG SB, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE Hamann S, 2001, TRENDS COGN SCI, V5, P394, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01707-1 Hobson R. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1211 EP 1217 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0719-2 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600011 PM 19277856 ER PT J AU Reichow, B Barton, EE Good, L Wolery, M AF Reichow, Brian Barton, Erin E. Good, Leslie Wolery, Mark TI Brief Report: Effects of Pressure Vest Usage on Engagement and Problem Behaviors of a Young Child with Developmental Delays SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Pressure vest; Sensory integration; Treatment; Intervention ID DISABILITIES; THERAPY; AUTISM AB The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of wearing a pressure vest for a young boy with developmental delays. An A-B-A withdrawal design was used to examine the relation between wearing the pressure vest and child behaviors during a preschool art activity. Although the data showed moderate variability, no systematic differences were found in child engagement when the vest was worn and when the vest was not worn and problem behavior increased when the vest was being worn. These results are discussed in the context of the study limitations. Implications for future research are provided. C1 [Reichow, Brian] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Reichow, Brian; Barton, Erin E.; Good, Leslie; Wolery, Mark] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Reichow, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, 40 Temple St,Suite 7-I, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM brian.reichow@yale.edu CR Ayers AJ, 1972, SENSORY INTEGRATION Cox AL, 2009, FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS, V24, P17, DOI 10.1177/1088357608330753 Escalona A, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P513, DOI 10.1023/A:1012273110194 Fertel-Daly D, 2001, AM J OCCUP THER, V55, P629 Field T, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P333, DOI 10.1023/A:1025858600220 Kane A, 2004, SCI REV MENTAL HLTH, V3, P19 Offit Paul, 2008, AUTISMS FALSE PROPHE Olson Laurette J., 2004, Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, V24, P45, DOI 10.1300/J006v24n03_04 Parham LD, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P216 REICHOW B, FOCUS AUTIS IN PRESS Sandler A, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P164, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20065 Schaaf RC, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P143, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20067 Smith T, 2005, CONTROVERSIAL THERAPIES FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITES: FAD, FASHION, AND SCIENCE IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE, P331 Tapp J, 2006, BEHAV RES METHODS, V38, P165, DOI 10.3758/BF03192763 Tawney J. W., 1984, SINGLE SUBJECT RES S Tapp J, 2000, BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION, P61 ZISSERMANN L, 1992, AM J OCCUP THER, V46, P547 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1218 EP 1221 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0726-3 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600012 PM 19291378 ER PT J AU Lidstone, JSM Fernyhough, C Meins, E Whitehouse, AJO AF Lidstone, Jane S. M. Fernyhough, Charles Meins, Elizabeth Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. TI Brief Report: Inner Speech Impairment in Children with Autism is Associated with Greater Nonverbal than Verbal Skills SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Children; Inner speech; Cognitive profile; IQ ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; PRIVATE SPEECH; MEDIATION; MEMORY; TASK; MIND AB We present a new analysis of Whitehouse, Maybery, and Durkin's (2006, Experiment 3) data on inner speech in children with autism (CWA). Because inner speech development is thought to depend on linguistically mediated social interaction, we hypothesized that children with both autism and a nonverbal > verbal (NV > V) skills profile would show the greatest inner speech impairment. CWA and typically developing controls (n = 23 in each group) undertook a timed mathematical task-switching test, known to benefit from inner speech use. Participants completed the task with and without articulatory suppression (AS), which disrupts inner speech. The hypothesis was supported: AS interference varied with cognitive profile among CWA but not among controls. Only the NV > V autism group showed no AS interference, indicating an inner speech impairment. C1 [Lidstone, Jane S. M.; Fernyhough, Charles; Meins, Elizabeth] Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Sci Labs, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Lidstone, JSM (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Sci Labs, S Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM j.s.m.lidstone@durham.ac.uk RI Fernyhough, Charles/A-1057-2010 OI Fernyhough, Charles/0000-0002-3822-710X CR Al-Namlah AS, 2006, DEV PSYCHOL, V42, P117, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.117 Baddeley A, 2001, J EXP PSYCHOL GEN, V130, P641, DOI 10.1037//0096-3445.130.4.641 Baldo JV, 2005, BRAIN LANG, V92, P240, DOI 10.1016/j.bandl.2004.06.103 Deutsch CK, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P209, DOI 10.1023/A:1022903913547 Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Elliott C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY Fernyhough C, 1996, NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL, V14, P47, DOI 10.1016/0732-118X(95)00024-B Fernyhough C, 2008, DEV REV, V28, P225, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2007.03.001 Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES OT HURLBURT RT, 1994, PSYCHOL MED, V24, P385 Joseph RM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P807, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00092 Kana RK, 2006, BRAIN, V129, P2484, DOI 10.1093/brain/awl164 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Raven J. C., 1992, STANDARD PROGR MATRI Tager-Flusberg H, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P303, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1198 VYGOTSKY LS, 1934, COLLECTED WORKS L S, V1 Whitehouse AJO, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P857, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01624.x Williams D, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P51, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01836.x Winsler A, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1617, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0294-8 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1222 EP 1225 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0731-6 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600013 PM 19330432 ER PT J AU Reichow, B AF Reichow, Brian TI Growing Up with Autism. Working with School-Age Children and Adolescents SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Reichow, Brian] Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Reichow, B (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. EM brian.reichow@yale.edu CR GABRIELS RL, 2007, GROWING UP AUTISM WO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1226 EP 1227 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0769-5 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471OU UT WOS:000268068600014 ER PT J AU Ghuman, JK Aman, MG Lecavalier, L Riddle, MA Gelenberg, A Wright, R Rice, S Ghuman, HS Fort, C AF Ghuman, Jaswinder K. Aman, Michael G. Lecavalier, Luc Riddle, Mark A. Gelenberg, Alan Wright, Ron Rice, Sydney Ghuman, Harinder S. Fort, Carolyn TI Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers with Developmental Disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN; AUTISM; SCALE; HYPERACTIVITY; DEXTROAMPHETAMINE; DISABILITIES; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; EFFICACY; ADHD AB Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an understudied population of preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or intellectual disability (ID). Methods: Fourteen preschoolers with developmental disorders (DD, n = 14; PDD, n = 12; ID, n = 2) underwent MPH titration in a single-blind manner followed by a 4-week double-blind crossover phase. Each child was administered placebo for 2 weeks and "optimal dose'' for 2 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) edition (DSM-IV) ADHD subscale of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R-DSM-IV-ADHD). Results: MPH improved parent-rated ADHD symptoms of the preschoolers; 50% were rated as responders. The CPRS-R-DSM-IV-ADHD subscale was significant for the PDD subgroup (p = 0.005, Cohen d = 0.97) and marginally significant for the entireDDsample (p = 0.08, Cohen d = 0.50). Half of the preschoolers experienced side effects with MPH, including reports of increased stereotypic behavior, upset stomach, sleep-related difficulties, and emotional lability. One child discontinued during titration due to side effects. Conclusion: The predominant direction of response in these preschoolers with both ADHD and PDD/ID favored MPH, even though the response was more subtle and variable than in older and typically developing children. Due to high rates of adverse effects, preschoolers should be monitored closely. C1 [Ghuman, Jaswinder K.; Rice, Sydney] Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Aman, Michael G.; Lecavalier, Luc] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Riddle, Mark A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ghuman, JK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Room AHSC 7304,1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM jkghuman@email.arizona.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [K23 MH01883]; Arizona Institute of Mental Health Research FX This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant K23 MH01883 and Arizona Institute of Mental Health Research grants to J.K.G. CR AACAP, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V46, P894 Aman MG, 2003, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V13, P29, DOI 10.1089/104454603321666171 Aman MG, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P116, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.116 Aman MG, 1996, RES DEV DISABIL, V17, P41, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(95)00039-9 AMAN MG, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1672, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199512000-00018 American Psychiatric Association, 1968, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARKLEY RA, 1998, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, P263 Bayley N, 1993, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT BIRMAHER B, 1988, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V27, P248, DOI 10.1097/00004583-198803000-00020 CAMPBELL M, 1972, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V2, P343, DOI 10.1007/BF01538168 CAMPBELL M, 1976, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V19, P70 Conners CK, 2001, CONNERS RATING SCALE Di Martino A, 2004, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V14, P207, DOI 10.1089/1044546041649011 ELIA J, 1991, PSYCHIAT RES, V36, P141, DOI 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90126-A Elliott C. D., 1990, DIFFERENTIAL ABILITY Ghuman JK, 2008, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V18, P413, DOI 10.1089/cap.2008.022 Ghuman JK, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P516, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200105000-00010 Ghuman JK, 2004, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V14, P601, DOI 10.1089/cap.2004.14.601 Ghuman JK, 2007, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V17, P563, DOI 10.1089/cap.2007.0071 GRADOS M, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V45, P1114 Greenhill L, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P1284, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000235077.32661.61 Guy W., 1976, ECDEU ASSESSMENT MAN Handen BL, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P805, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199907000-00009 Hilton A, 2006, MICROBIOLOGIST, P34 Hollingshead A. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1089/cap.2008.0137 PG 11 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 486WJ UT WOS:000269231100001 PM 19702485 ER PT J AU Meiri, G Bichovsky, Y Belmaker, RH AF Meiri, Gal Bichovsky, Yoav Belmaker, R. H. TI Omega 3 Fatty Acid Treatment in Autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; DISORDER; ACID; RISPERIDONE; DEPRESSION AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids for children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: This was an open-label pilot study. Ten children aged 4-7 years old with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) edition (DSM-IV), were given 1 gram daily of omega-3 fatty acids for 12 weeks. The main outcome measure used was the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). These data were collected between July, 2006, and June, 2007. Results: Of the 9 subjects who completed the study, 8 showed improvement of about 33% on the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). None worsened and no side effects were reported. Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acids appear to be safe and might be helpful for children suffering from ASD. Further study is needed with a larger number of children in a double-blind design and with various doses of omega-3 fatty acids. C1 [Meiri, Gal; Bichovsky, Yoav] Soroka Univ, Med Ctr, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Belmaker, R. H.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Belmaker, RH (reprint author), Beersheba Mental Hlth Ctr, POB 4600, Beer Sheva, Israel. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1089/cap.2008.0123 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 486WJ UT WOS:000269231100013 PM 19702497 ER PT J AU Akdag, ST Fettahoglu, EC Ozatalay, E AF Akdag, Senem Turan Fettahoglu, E. Cigil Ozatalay, Esin TI Pedal Edema Induced by Low-Dose Risperidone Monotheraphy in a Child SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PLACEBO; AUTISM C1 [Fettahoglu, E. Cigil] Akdeniz Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dali, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-07060 Antalya, Turkey. RP Fettahoglu, EC (reprint author), Akdeniz Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dali, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, TR-07060 Antalya, Turkey. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1089/cap.2008.0104 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 486WJ UT WOS:000269231100019 PM 19702504 ER PT J AU Cooper, C AF Cooper, Christopher TI Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 Metropolitan State Hosp, Dept Psychol, Norwalk, CA 90650 USA. RP Cooper, C (reprint author), Metropolitan State Hosp, Dept Psychol, 11401 S Bloomfield Ave, Norwalk, CA 90650 USA. EM Christopher.Cooper@dmh.ca.gov CR GOLDSTEIN S, 2008, ASSESSMENT AUTISM SP NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1062-1024 J9 J CHILD FAM STUD JI J. Child Fam. Stud. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s10826-009-9270-1 PG 3 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Family Studies; Psychology; Psychiatry GA 507GU UT WOS:000270840900013 ER PT J AU Reed, HE McGrew, SG Artibee, K Surdkya, K Goldman, SE Frank, K Wang, L Malow, BA AF Reed, Hannah E. McGrew, Susan G. Artibee, Kay Surdkya, Kyla Goldman, Suzanne E. Frank, Kim Wang, Lily Malow, Beth A. TI Parent-Based Sleep Education Workshops in Autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting for Autism Research CY MAY 15-17, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND DE behavioral sleep medicine; actigraphy; Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE; BEDTIME PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NIGHT WAKINGS; DISABILITIES; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS AB To determine if parents can successfully teach their children with autism spectrum disorders to become better sleepers, we piloted small group parent education workshops focused on behavioral sleep strategies. Workshops consisted of three 2-hour sessions conducted over consecutive weeks by 2 physicians. Curricula included establishing effective daytime and nighttime habits, initiating a bedtime routine, and optimizing parental interactions at bedtime and during night wakings. Baseline and treatment questionnaires and actigraphy were analyzed in 20 children, ages 3 to 10 years. Improvements after treatment were seen in the total scale and several insomnia-related subscales of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Actigraphy documented reduced sleep latency in children presenting with sleep onset delay. Improvements were also noted in measures of sleep habits and daytime behavior. Brief parent-based behavioral sleep workshops in children with autism spectrum disorders appear effective in improving subjective and objective measures of sleep, sleep habits, and daytime behavior. C1 [Reed, Hannah E.; Artibee, Kay; Surdkya, Kyla; Goldman, Suzanne E.; Malow, Beth A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sleep Disorders Div, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [McGrew, Susan G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Frank, Kim] Vanderbilt Univ, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 936 EP 945 DI 10.1177/0883073808331348 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 477GV UT WOS:000268508000003 PM 19491110 ER PT J AU Kossoff, EH Zupec-Kania, BA Rho, JM AF Kossoff, Eric H. Zupec-Kania, Beth A. Rho, Jong M. TI Ketogenic Diets: An Update for Child Neurologists SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review DE ketogenic diet; epilepsy; Atkins; ketosis ID MODIFIED ATKINS DIET; GLYCEMIC-INDEX TREATMENT; VAGUS NERVE-STIMULATION; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; RISK-FACTORS; PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; KIDNEY-STONES; ANTICONVULSANT; EFFICACY AB The ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and low-glycemic-index treatment have all emerged over the past decade as important therapeutic options for children with intractable epilepsy. Whereas only a decade ago the ketogenic diet was seen as an "alternative" treatment of last resort, it has become more frequently used throughout the world. The past year alone 2 randomized and controlled trials of the ketogenic diet were published, as well as the use of the ketogenic diet for new-onset epilepsy (infantile spasms), and a 26-member international consensus statement guiding optimal clinical management. There has been an equally dramatic increase of interest into mechanisms of action using various experimental models. Researchers are also highly interested in using diets for neurologic disorders other than epilepsy, including autism and brain tumors. This review will update child neurologists on the recent advances in the use of ketogenic diets. C1 [Kossoff, Eric H.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, John M Freeman Pediat Epilepsy Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Zupec-Kania, Beth A.] Univ Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp, Madison, WI USA. [Rho, Jong M.] Barrow Neurol Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA. [Kossoff, Eric H.; Zupec-Kania, Beth A.; Rho, Jong M.] Charlie Fdn, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Kossoff, EH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, John M Freeman Pediat Epilepsy Ctr, Suite 2158-200 N Wolfe St,David M Rubenstein Chil, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM ekossoff@jhmi.edu FU Charlie Foundation; Atkins Nutritionals, Inc.; Nutricia FX BAZ-K has received support for consulting from The Charlie Foundation, JMR and EHK are unpaid consultants for The Charlie Foundation. EHK has received support for consulting from Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. EHK, JMR, and BAZ-K have received support for research and/or consulting from Nutricia. 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Two influential theories, the 'broken mirror' theory and the mentalising theory, can both predict this result. However, a review of the current data provides little empirical support for goal understanding difficulties; several studies demonstrate normal performance by autistic children on tasks requiring the understanding of goals or intentions. I suggest that this conclusion forces us to reject the basic broken mirror theory and to re-evaluate the breadth of the mentalising theory. More subtle theories which distinguish between different types of mirroring and different types of mentalising may be able to account for the present data, and further research is required to test and refine these theories. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Hamilton, AFD (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 8 BP 881 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02098.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 471KS UT WOS:000268057200002 PM 19508497 ER PT J AU Honda, H Shimizu, Y Nitto, Y Imai, M Ozawa, T Iwasa, M Shiga, K Hira, T AF Honda, Hideo Shimizu, Yasuo Nitto, Yukari Imai, Miho Ozawa, Takeshi Iwasa, Mitsuaki Shiga, Keiko Hira, Tomoko TI Extraction and Refinement Strategy for detection of autism in 18-month-olds: a guarantee of higher sensitivity and specificity in the process of mass screening SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; early detection; screening; sensitivity; specificity; pervasive developmental disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; TODDLERS; SPECTRUM; INSTRUMENT; INFANTS AB Background: For early detection of autism, it is difficult to maintain an efficient level of sensitivity and specificity based on observational data from a single screening. The Extraction and Refinement (E&R) Strategy utilizes a public children's health surveillance program to produce maximum efficacy in early detection of autism. In the extraction stage, all cases at risk of childhood problems, including developmental abnormality, are identified; in the refinement stage, cases without problems are excluded, leaving only cases with conclusive diagnoses. Methods: The city of Yokohama, Japan, conducts a routine child health surveillance program for children at 18 months in which specialized public health nurses administer YACHT-18 (Young Autism and other developmental disorders CHeckup Tool), a screening instrument to identify children at risk for developmental disorders. Children who screen positive undergo further observation, and those without disorders are subsequently excluded. To study the efficacy of early detection procedures for developmental disorders, including autism, 2,814 children born in 1988, examined at 18 months of age, and not already receiving treatment for diseases or disorders were selected. Results: In the extraction stage, 402 (14.3%) children were identified for follow-up. In the refinement stage, 19 (.7%) of these were referred to the Yokohama Rehabilitation Center and diagnosed with developmental disorders. The extraction stage produced four false negatives, bringing total diagnoses of developmental disorders to 23 (.8%) - including 5 with autistic disorder and 9 with pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Sensitivity was 60% for autistic disorder and 82.6% for developmental disorders. Specificity for developmental disorders rose to 100% with the E&R Strategy. Picture cards used in YACHT-18 provided a finer screen that excluded some false positive cases. Conclusions: An extraction and refinement methodology utilizing child health surveillance programs achieve high efficacy for early detection of autism. C1 [Honda, Hideo; Shimizu, Yasuo; Nitto, Yukari; Imai, Miho; Iwasa, Mitsuaki] Yokohama Rehabil Ctr, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2220035, Japan. [Ozawa, Takeshi] Higashi Totsuka Child Dev Clin, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Shiga, Keiko] Tsuzuki Publ Hlth & Welf Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hira, Tomoko] Midori Publ Hlth & Welf Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Honda, H (reprint author), Yokohama Rehabil Ctr, Kohoku Ku, 1770 Toriyama Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2220035, Japan. EM honda@yokohama.email.ne.jp FU Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare FX This study was funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 8 BP 972 EP 981 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02055.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 471KS UT WOS:000268057200011 PM 19298465 ER PT J AU Smith, CJ Lang, CM Kryzak, L Reichenberg, A Hollander, E Silverman, JM AF Smith, Christopher J. Lang, Colleen M. Kryzak, Lauren Reichenberg, Abraham Hollander, Eric Silverman, Jeremy M. TI Familial associations of intense preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests domain of autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Developmental delay; family factors; fathers; genetics; autistic disorder ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SYMPTOM DOMAINS; DISORDER; PHENOTYPE; LINKAGE; TWIN; HETEROGENEITY; CHROMOSOME-2 AB Background: Clinical heterogeneity of autism likely hinders efforts to find genes associated with this complex psychiatric disorder. Some studies have produced promising results by restricting the sample according to the expression of specific familial factors or components of autism. Previous factor analyses of the restricted, repetitive behaviors and interest (RRBI) domain of autism have consistently identified a two-factor model that explains a moderate amount of variance. The identification of additional factors may explain more variance in the RRBI domain and provide an additional component of autism that may help in the identification of underlying genetic association. Methods: We conducted factor analyses of RRBI symptoms with a sample that included verbal subjects meeting full criteria for autism aged 5 to 22 years (n = 245). Among affected sibling pairs (n = 126) we examined the familial aggregation of the identified factors. We also examined the associations of the factors with autism-related personality traits in fathers and mothers (n = 50). Results: The previously identified two-factor model - insistence on sameness (IS) and repetitive stereotypic motor behaviors (RSMB) - was replicated in our sample. Next, a second factor analysis that included the item for verbal rituals resulted in a four-factor model - IS, 'simple' RSMB, 'complex' RSMB, and a fourth factor including symptoms associated with intense preoccupations (IP). Of these four, both IS and IP were significantly familial among affected siblings, but only IP was significantly correlated with the broader autism phenotype traits of rigidity and aloofness in fathers. Conclusions: The results support previous evidence for the IS factor, its familiality, and the identification of IP as an additional strong candidate trait for genetic studies of autism. C1 [Lang, Colleen M.; Kryzak, Lauren; Reichenberg, Abraham; Hollander, Eric; Silverman, Jeremy M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Reichenberg, Abraham] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Smith, Christopher J.] SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85331 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, 300 N 18th St, Phoenix, AZ 85331 USA. EM csmith@autismcenter.org FU Seaver Foundation through the Seaver Autism Research Center at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine; STAART Center [MH06667]; Cure Autism Now Foundation; Southwest Autism Research & Resource Center FX This work was supported by the Seaver Foundation through the Seaver Autism Research Center at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, the STAART Center (MH06667), and grants from the Cure Autism Now Foundation, a Young Investigator Award to Dr. Smith, a Pilot Study Award to Dr. Silverman, and the Southwest Autism Research & Resource Center. We would like to express our gratitude to all the families who gave their time to participate in our research and with the Autism Genetic Research Exchange of the Cure Autism Now Foundation. 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TI Overlap With the Autism Spectrum in Young Children With Williams Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; autism; PDD-NOS; developmental disability; ADOS ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; BEHAVIOR; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS; INDIVIDUALS; 8-YEAR-OLD; DIAGNOSIS; PHENOTYPE AB Objective: The sociocommunicative abnormalities of young children with Williams syndrome (WS) with limited language were compared with those of children with clinical diagnoses of autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), or nonspectrum developmental disability. Method: Participants were 30 children with WS and individually matched groups of participants with autism (n = 28), PDD-NOS (n = 17), and mixed etiology nonspectrum developmental disabilities (n = 16). The autism, PDD-NOS, and mixed etiology groups were matched individually to the children with WS for age, sex, and developmental level. All participants were administered the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Module 1 and the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Results: As a group, children with WS with limited language showed fewer sociocommunicative abnormalities than children with autism, about the same level at children with PDD-NOS, and more abnormalities in reciprocity social interaction than participants in the mixed etiology group. Examination of the subgroup of participants with WS matched and compared with children with PDD-NOS indicated that half of the children showed fewer abnormalities than their individual matches with PDD-NOS, whereas half of the children with WS showed more abnormalities than their matches with PDD-NOS. Conclusion: Sociocommunicative difficulties are present for many children with WS and overlap with the autism spectrum. The results of this investigation suggest that these abnormalities are not accounted for by developmental delay alone, and care should be taken to avoid diagnostic overshadowing in young children with WS. C1 [Klein-Tasman, Bonita P.; Gallo, Frank J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Phillips, Kristin D.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurol, Div Neuropsychol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mervis, Carolyn B.] Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Klein-Tasman, BP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM bklein@uwm.edu FU NIMH [R03 MH069400, R01 MH066469, K05 MH01196-01]; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School Research Committee Award; NICHD [R37 HD29957]; NINDS [R01 NS35102] FX This research was supported by grants NIMH R03 MH069400 and a University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Graduate School Research Committee Award (to B.P.K.T.), grants NIMH R01 MH066469 and NIMH K05 MH01196-01 (to C.E. L.), and NICHD R37 HD29957 and NINDS R01 NS35102 (to C.B.M.). 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 484RW UT WOS:000269066000009 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Dempsey, T Fodstad, JC AF Matson, Johnny L. Dempsey, Timothy Fodstad, Jill C. TI Examination of Group Differences using the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE ASD-DC; Symptom severity; Children; Autism; PDD-NOS; Asperger's Syndrome ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-SKILLS; PDD-NOS; BEHAVIORS; VALIDITY; PARENTS; ADULTS AB The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has become more critical with the recognition that early and ongoing treatment is essential. Furthermore, differentiating severity of symptoms within and across types of ASD in children is a high priority. Two hundred and thirty-five children between the ages of 3-16 years, who were either typically developing or met criteria for an ASD of autism, Asperger's Syndrome, or PDD-NOS were evaluated on the four factors of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC). Marked differences on factors and specific items of ASD were noted across groups. Implications of these data for clinical practice are discussed. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Dempsey, Timothy; Fodstad, Jill C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s10882-009-9138-8 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 466NZ UT WOS:000267670200001 ER PT J AU DeMore, M Cataldo, M Tierney, E Slifer, K AF DeMore, Melissa Cataldo, Marilyn Tierney, Elaine Slifer, Keith TI Behavioral Approaches to Training Developmentally Disabled Children for an Overnight EEG Procedure SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Behavioral training; EEG; Developmental disability ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; AUTISM AB Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a genetic syndrome associated with multiple congenital malformations, mental retardation, and autism spectrum behaviors. This clinical protocol was part of a larger study investigating the effects of a cholesterol-lowering medication for SLOS patients. Behavioral therapists were consulted to facilitate participants' cooperation with an overnight electroencephalogram (EEG). Seventeen children participated in one 1-hour training session of a mock EEG. Behavioral methods included task analysis, differential reinforcement, and escape extinction. Descriptive data reveal low cognitive and adaptive functioning. Fifty three percent of children tolerated all steps of the training procedure and 88% of participants tolerated all of the actual EEG procedure. Behavioral methods of training children may be an effective preparation for EEG procedures for children with SLOS. This study indicates that sedation, anesthesia, or restraints are not necessary to accomplish EEG testing of children with SLOS. Results may generalize to children with a range of disabilities. C1 [DeMore, Melissa; Cataldo, Marilyn; Slifer, Keith] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Behav Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tierney, Elaine] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [DeMore, Melissa; Slifer, Keith] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Boisjoli, Jessica Mahan, Sara TI The Relation of Communication and Challenging Behaviors in Infants and Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Pervasive developmental disorders; Challenging behaviors; Problem behaviors; BISCUIT; Receptive communication; Expressive communication; Toddlers ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; LANGUAGE AB This study analyzes the relationship between communication, expressive and receptive, and challenging behaviors among 168 toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Communication level was evaluated using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition and challenging behaviors were assessed using Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits, Part 3. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10882-009-9140-1 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 466NZ UT WOS:000267670200003 ER PT J AU Wulffaert, J Scholte, EM Dijkxhoorn, YM Bergman, JEH van Ravenswaaij-Arts, CMA van Berckelaer-Onnes, IA AF Wulffaert, Josette Scholte, Evert M. Dijkxhoorn, Yvette M. Bergman, Jorieke E. H. van Ravenswaaij-Arts, Conny M. A. van Berckelaer-Onnes, Ina A. TI Parenting Stress in CHARGE Syndrome and the Relationship with Child Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Behavioral phenotype; CHARGE syndrome; Parenting stress ID ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; AUTISM; ISSUES AB This study investigates the parental perception of stress related to the upbringing of children with CHARGE syndrome and its association with behavioral and physical child characteristics. Parents of 22 children completed the Nijmegen Parenting Stress Index-Short, Developmental Behavior Checklist, and Dutch Vineland Screener 0-12 and reported their child's problems with hearing, vision and ability to speak. Parenting stress was high in 59% of the subjects. Behavioral problems on the depression, autism, self-absorbed and disruptive behavior scales correlated positively with parenting stress. A non-significant trend was found, namely higher stress among the parents of non-speaking children. No associations were found with other child characteristics, i.e. level of adaptive functioning and intellectual disability, auditory and visual problems, deafblindness, gender, and age. Raising a child with CHARGE syndrome is stressful; professional support is therefore essential for this population. More research into other possible influencing characteristics is needed to improve family-oriented interventions. 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Franci TI The Relationship Between Perinatal Risk Factors and Sensory Processing Difficulties in Preschool Children SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Sensory processing; Preschool; Perinatal factors ID MOTHERS SELF-REPORTS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCHOOL-ACHIEVEMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RELATIVE RISK; FOLLOW-UP; DRUG-USE; AUTISM; AGE AB This study examined the relationship between reported perinatal risk factors and sensory processing difficulties in young children. The biological mothers of 152 preschool-age children completed two measures: the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS), a maternal self-report that surveys complications of pregnancies and medical conditions of the mother, and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), a measure designed to provide information about the child's ability to process sensory information and the sensory system's effect on functional performance. Using MPS factors as predictors, separate stepwise regression analyses for each SSP section showed early neonatal status, and prenatal and birth/delivery factors to hold the most significant implications for future sensory processing difficulties. Total number of perinatal risk factors was also found to significantly predict some SSP scores. Implications for intervention are discussed. C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Educ & Human Dev, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Crepeau-Hobson, MF (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Educ & Human Dev, Campus Box 106,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s10882-009-9144-x PG 14 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 466NZ UT WOS:000267670200007 ER PT J AU Langstrom, N Grann, M Ruchkin, V Sjostedt, G Fazel, S AF Langstrom, Niklas Grann, Martin Ruchkin, Vladislav Sjostedt, Gabrielle Fazel, Seena TI Risk Factors for Violent Offending in Autism Spectrum Disorder A National Study of Hospitalized Individuals SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; autism; Asperger syndrome; violence; comorbidity; crime ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; BIRTH COHORT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVALENCE; ADULTHOOD; CRIME AB Little is known about risk factors for violence among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study uses data from Swedish longitudinal registers for all 422 individuals hospitalized with autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome during 1988-2000 and compares those committing violent or sexual offenses with those who did not. Thirty-one individuals with ASD (7%) were convicted of violent nonsexual crimes and two of sexual offenses. Violent individuals with ASD are more often male and diagnosed with Asperger syndrome rather than autistic disorder. Furthermore, comorbid psychotic and substance use disorders are associated with violent offending. We conclude that violent offending in ASD is related to similar co-occurring psychopathology as previously found among violent individuals without ASD. Although this study does not answer whether ASDs are associated with increased risk of violent offending compared with the general population, careful risk assessment and management may be indicated for some individuals with Asperger syndrome. C1 [Langstrom, Niklas; Grann, Martin; Ruchkin, Vladislav; Sjostedt, Gabrielle; Fazel, Seena] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Violence Prevent, S-10435 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Langstrom, N (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Ctr Violence Prevent, POB 23000, S-10435 Stockholm, Sweden. EM niklas.langstrom@ki.se RI Langstrom, Niklas/C-5615-2009 CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 1992, INT STAT CLASS DIS R Arseneault L, 2000, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V57, P979, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.57.10.979 Bankier B, 1999, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V32, P43, DOI 10.1159/000029065 BARONCOHEN S, 1988, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V29, P351, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00723.x Barry-Walsh JB, 2004, J FORENSIC PSYCHI PS, V15, P96, DOI 10.1080/14789940310001638628 Brennan PA, 2000, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V57, P494, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.494 Dalman C, 2002, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V37, P527, DOI 10.1007/s00127-002-0582-3 Dolmen L, 2001, BROTTSLIGHETEN OLIKA EVERALL IP, 1990, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V157, P284, DOI 10.1192/bjp.157.2.284 Fazel S, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P2129, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2129 Fazel S, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P1397, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.8.1397 Fazel S, 2007, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V68, P588 Fombonne E, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P365, DOI 10.1023/A:1025054610557 GHAZIUDDIN M, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P349, DOI 10.1007/BF02207331 Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P279 Gillberg C, 2000, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V102, P321, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x Grann M, 2004, BRIT MED J, V328, P1233, DOI 10.1136/bmj.328.7450.1233 HALL I, 1995, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V166, P262 HARE DJ, 1999, PRELIMINARY STUDY IN Haskins BG, 2006, J AM ACAD PSYCHIATRY, V34, P374 Hjern A, 2002, LANCET, V360, P443, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09674-5 Johnson JG, 2000, AM J PSYCHIAT, V157, P1406, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1406 Kohn Y, 1998, ISRAEL J PSYCHIAT, V35, P293 MAWSON D, 1985, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V147, P566, DOI 10.1192/bjp.147.5.566 Milton J, 2002, MED SCI LAW, V42, P237 Murphy D, 2003, J FORENSIC PSYCHI PS, V14, P506, DOI 10.1080/1478994031000152736 MURRIE D. 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Violence PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1358 EP 1370 DI 10.1177/0886260508322195 PG 13 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 471PK UT WOS:000268070300007 PM 18701743 ER PT J AU Whitney, ER Kemper, TL Rosene, DL Bauman, ML Blatt, GJ AF Whitney, Elizabeth R. Kemper, Thomas L. Rosene, Douglas L. Bauman, Margaret L. Blatt, Gene J. TI Density of Cerebellar Basket and Stellate Cells in Autism: Evidence for a Late Developmental Loss of Purkinje Cells SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; basket cells; stellate cells; autism ID POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CLIMBING FIBERS; MUTANT MICE; BRAIN; DISORDER; TWIN; SIZE; RAT AB Alterations in the cerebellum have been described as a neuropathological feature of autism. Although numerous studies have focused on the Purkinje cell (PC), the projection neuron of the cerebellar cortex, PC function is critically dependent on their innervation by the GABAergic basket cells (BCs) and stellate cells (SCs) in the cerebellar molecular layer. The present study was designed to determine whether there are differences in the packing density of these inhibitory interneurons or whether the ratio of these interneurons to PCs differs in autistic and age-matched control brains. The GABAergic interneurons were identified by using immunohistochemistry for parvalbumin (PV) in serial sections from the posterior cerebellar lobe of six autistic and four control brains and counted using stereological principles. Prior PC counts in the same area on adjacent sections (Whitney et al., 2008) were available and were used to calculate the number of BCs and SCs per PC. In this sample of brains, no statistically significant difference was detected between the autistic and the control groups in the density of BCs or SCs (P = 0.44 and P = 0.84, respectively) or in the number of BCs or SCs per PC (P = 0.47 and P = 0.44, respectively). The preservation of BCs and SCs, in the presence of the reduced PC numbers as found in at least two, and possibly three, of these six autistic cases (Whitney et al., 2008) suggests that PCs were generated, migrated to their proper location in the PC layer, and subsequently died in the autistic cases that showed a reduction in PCs. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Whitney, Elizabeth R.; Kemper, Thomas L.; Rosene, Douglas L.; Bauman, Margaret L.; Blatt, Gene J.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02218 USA. [Bauman, Margaret L.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Whitney, ER (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, L 1006,715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02218 USA. EM ewhitney@bu.edu RI Rosene, Douglas/G-1973-2015 FU NIH-NICHD [HD39459]; National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR); Nancy Lauric Marks Foundation; John and Lisa Hussman Foundation FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH-NICHD; Contract grant number: HD39459; Contract grant sponsor: National Alliance for Autism Research (NAAR); Contract grant sponsor: Nancy Lauric Marks Foundation; Contract grant sponsor: John and Lisa Hussman Foundation. 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Neurosci. Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 2245 EP 2254 DI 10.1002/jnr.22056 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 463RW UT WOS:000267450700006 PM 19301429 ER PT J AU Barnes, E Roberts, J Long, SH Martin, GE Berni, MC Mandulak, KC Sideris, J AF Barnes, Elizabeth Roberts, Joanne Long, Steven H. Martin, Gary E. Berni, Mary C. Mandulak, Kerry C. Sideris, John TI Phonological Accuracy and Intelligibility in Connected Speech of Boys With Fragile X Syndrome or Down Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fragile X syndrome; Down syndrome; autism; phonology ID SYNDROME CHILDREN; CONVERSATIONAL SPEECH; CONSONANT PRODUCTION; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISTIC BEHAVIOR; DELAYED CHILDREN; SKILLS; ADULTS; MALES AB Purpose: To compare the phonological accuracy and speech intelligibility of boys with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD), fragile X syndrome only (FXS-O), Down syndrome (DS), and typically developing (TD) boys. Method: Participants were 32 boys with FXS-O (3-14 years), 31 with FXS-ASD (5-15 years), 34 with DS (4-16 years), and 45 TD boys of similar nonverbal mental age. We used connected speech samples to compute measures of phonological accuracy, phonological process occurrence, and intelligibility. Results: The boys with FXS, regardless of autism status, did not differ from TD boys on phonological accuracy and phonological process occurrence but produced fewer intelligible words than did TD boys. The boys with DS scored lower on measures of phonological accuracy and occurrence of phonological processes than all other groups and used fewer intelligible words than did TD boys. The boys with FXS and the boys with DS did not differ on measures of intelligibility. Conclusions: Boys with FXS, regardless of autism status, exhibited phonological characteristics similar to those of younger TD children but were less intelligible in connected speech. Boys with DS showed greater delays in all phonological measures than the boys with FXS and the TD boys. C1 [Barnes, Elizabeth; Roberts, Joanne; Martin, Gary E.; Berni, Mary C.; Mandulak, Kerry C.; Sideris, John] Univ N Carolina, Frank Porter Graham Child Dev Inst, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1061 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0001) PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 476JB UT WOS:000268434900017 PM 19641081 ER PT J AU Goodlin-Jones, B Schwichtenberg, AJ Iosif, AM Tang, K Liu, JY Anders, TF AF Goodlin-Jones, Beth Schwichtenberg, A. J. Iosif, Ana-Maria Tang, Karen Liu, Jingyi Anders, Thomas F. TI Six-Month Persistence of Sleep Problems in Young Children With Autism, Developmental Delay, and Typical Development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; developmental delay; sleep problems; sleep; preschool ID HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; AGED CHILDREN; INFANT SLEEP; ACTIGRAPHY; PRESCHOOLERS; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective: This study examined the persistence of sleep problems in preschool children with autism and two matched comparison groups: children with developmental delay without autism and typically developing children. Sleep problems were defined subjectively by parent report, by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and objectively by quantitative Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) derived from actigraphic recordings. Method: Children were studied on three occasions, each separated by a 3-month interval. At each assessment, the children were recorded actigraphically for 1 week, and parents completed sleep-wake diaries and the CSHQ. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were used to assess the occurrence and stability of sleep problems within children and across groups and to explore how actigraph- and CSHQ-defined sleep problems affect parental sleep problem reports. Results: Parent reports of a generic sleep problem were more prevalent than RDC- and CSHQ-defined sleep problems, especially for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. For all groups, objectively measured sleep problems were rarely persistent during the 6-month period. The children in both neurodevelopmental groups, however, had more sleep problems on one or two occasions, using actigraph and the CSHQ, than typically developing children. Conclusions: Objective and subjective measures of sleep problems in preschool-aged children produce different results. 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Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 8 BP 970 EP 972 DI 10.1038/nn.2356 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 475WS UT WOS:000268396300009 PM 19578379 ER PT J AU Pavone, P Trifiletti, RR Parano, E Fichera, M Ruggieri, M AF Pavone, P. Trifiletti, R. R. Parano, E. Fichera, M. Ruggieri, M. TI A Syndrome with Coarse Face, Mental Retardation and Unusual Stereotyped Movements SO NEUROPEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE stereotypes; adventitious movements; dysmorphic features; mental retardation; hirsutism ID SMITH-MAGENIS-SYNDROME; AUTISM; RETT AB We describe a mentally retarded 24-year-old man followed by our group since age 18 months who exhibited nearly continuous stereotypic movements while awake. These movements, which have persisted over many years, consist of synchronous lateral flexion at the neck and waist. Movements could be partially voluntarily suppressed and disappeared in sleep. The patient has drug-resistant seizures and a constellation of dysmorphic features, including coarse face, large nose, large thin lips, brachicephaly, marked hirsutism on the face, and limbs proportionally smaller than the trunk, which suggests that the unusual stereotypic movements described may be part of a syndrome. Routine and full metabolic serum and urine analyses, full ophthalmological examination, internal organs ultrasound examination, full skeletal survey, standard karyotype and array-CGH analysis yielded normal results. C1 [Parano, E.; Ruggieri, M.] CNR, Inst Neurol Sci, I-95125 Catania, Italy. [Pavone, P.; Parano, E.; Ruggieri, M.] Univ Catania, Dept Pediat, I-95124 Catania, Italy. [Trifiletti, R. R.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Fichera, M.] IRCSS Oasi M Santissima, Mol Genet Unit, Troina, Italy. RP Ruggieri, M (reprint author), CNR, Inst Neurol Sci, Viale R Margherita 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM m.ruggieri@isn.cnr.it CR Blanco-Barca O, 2004, Rev Neurol, V38, P1038 Bruno DL, 2009, J MED GENET, V46, P123, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2008.062604 Cohen D, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P103, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-1038-2 COLLINS FA, 1992, AM J MED GENET, V42, P127, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320420126 Fernandez-Alvarez E, 2001, MOVEMENT DISORDERS C GIJSBERS AC, 2009, EUR J HUM GENET 0513 Gritti A, 2003, FUNCT NEUROL, V18, P89 Hottinger-Blanc Pauline M Z, 2002, Eur J Paediatr Neurol, V6, P143, DOI 10.1053/ejpn.2002.0582 KENWORTHY L, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P297, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460312 LIN MY, 1991, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V13, P228 Percy AK, 2002, NEUROL CLIN, V20, P1125, DOI 10.1016/S0733-8619(02)00022-1 Ringman JM, 2000, J CHILD NEUROL, V15, P394, DOI 10.1177/088307380001500608 Schneider T, 2005, NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL, V30, P80, DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300518 Shelley BP, 2005, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V17, P91, DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.1.91 Spadoni E, 2004, EUR J PEDIATR, V163, P353, DOI 10.1007/s00431-004-1460-7 Tierney E, 2001, AM J MED GENET, V98, P191, DOI 10.1002/1096-8628(20010115)98:2<191::AID-AJMG1030>3.0.CO;2-M 2006, OMIM ONLINE MENDELIA NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0174-304X J9 NEUROPEDIATRICS JI Neuropediatrics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1243613 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 556UZ UT WOS:000274620100006 PM 20146175 ER PT J AU Hobson, RP AF Hobson, R. Peter TI Wittgenstein and the developmental psychopathology of autism SO NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; IDENTIFICATION; MIND; IMITATION; ORIGINS; PRETEND; INFANTS; FACE AB My aims in this paper are twofold: firstly, to explore the relevance of Wittgenstein's thinking for characterizing the early development of interpersonal understanding and social cognition among typically developing children; and secondly, to illustrate how his writings offer a conceptual framework within which we might fashion an account of the developmental psychopathology of autism. Wittgenstein gave prominence to the significance of perceiving emotion in people's bodily expressions, and stressed how our relations towards others contribute to (and reflect) our understanding of the nature of persons-with-minds. In addition, he made telling observations about the relation between first- and third-person aspects of social experience and mental state ascription. The developmental psychopathology of childhood autism attests to the importance of Wittgenstein's ideas. Through autism, we can trace some of the causes and consequences of a relative failure to participate in a 'form of life' that people hold in common with one another. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobson, R. Peter] Tavistock Clin, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, London NW3 5BA, England. [Hobson, R. Peter] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hobson, RP (reprint author), Tavistock Clin, Dev Psychopathol Res Unit, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, England. EM r.hobson@ucl.ac.uk CR Baron-Cohen Simon, 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER Barresi J, 1996, BEHAV BRAIN SCI, V19, P107 Bosch G., 1970, INFANTILE AUTISM Bretherton I., 1981, INFANT SOCIAL COGNIT, P333 Campbell J., 2002, REFERENCE CONSCIOUSN Carpenter M., 1998, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V63, P255 Charman T, 1997, DEV PSYCHOL, V33, P781, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.33.5.781 COHEN DJ, 1980, PSYCHIATRIC CLIN N A, V3, P383 Hamlyn D. W., 1974, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P1 HAMLYN DW, 1978, EXPERIENCE GROWTH UN HAMPSHIRE S, 1976, PHILOS MIND, P73 Harris P. L., 1989, CHILDREN EMOTION Hill EL, 2003, PHILOS T R SOC B, V358, P281, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1209 Hobson R. P., 2000, REASONING MIND, P11 Hobson R. P., 2006, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C, V71 Hobson R. P., 2002, CRADLE THOUGHT Hobson R. 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N., 2002, IMITATIVE MIND DEV E, P19, DOI DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511489969.002 Minshew NJ, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V16, P327, DOI 10.1037//0894-4105.16.3.327 PERNER J, 1990, UNDERSTANDING REPRES Racine TP, 2007, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P3, DOI 10.1348/026151006X119756 Scheler M, 1954, NATURE SYMPATHY SIGMAN MD, 1992, CHILD DEV, V63, P796, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x SORCE JF, 1985, DEV PSYCHOL, V21, P195, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.21.1.195 Strawson Peter F., 1959, INDIVIDUALS Ter Hark M, 1990, INNER OUTER WITTGENS Tomasello M., 1999, CULTURAL ORIGINS HUM TRONICK E, 1978, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V17, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62273-1 Wittgenstein Ludwig, 1980, REMARKS PHILOS PSYCH, V1 Wittgenstein Ludwig, 1958, PHILOS INVESTIGATION NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0732-118X J9 NEW IDEAS PSYCHOL JI New Ideas Psychol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 243 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2008.04.005 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 432TP UT WOS:000265157400010 ER PT J AU Lubisch, N Roskos, R Berkenbosch, JW AF Lubisch, Nina Roskos, Rudolph Berkenbosch, John W. TI Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in Children With Autism and Other Behavior Disorders SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORAL HYDRATE; PEDIATRIC SEDATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SAFE SEDATION; MANAGEMENT; MRI; CT; ABNORMALITIES AB Dexmedetomidine has been increasingly in use for pediatric noninvasive procedural sedation. This retrospective study examined experience in children with autism and other neurobehavioral disorders, populations often difficult to sedate. Records of children with autism or neurobehavioral disorders sedated with dexmedetomidine at Chris Evert Children's Hospital and Kosair Children's Hospital were reviewed. Demographic and sedation-related data were collected, including sedative doses, time to sedation, efficacy, and complications. Comparisons of sedative doses, efficacy between autism and neurobehavioral patients, and analysis of age-related factors were performed. In all, 315 patients were sedated, most commonly for magnetic resonance imaging. Mean induction and total dexmedetomidine doses were 1.4 +/- 0.6 and 2.6 +/- 1.6 mu g/kg, respectively, with no differences between autism and neurobehavior patients. Most patients (90%) patients received concomitant midazolam. There was an age-related decrease in dexmedetomidine dose, independent of midazolam use. Seven patients required intervention for hypotension, bradycardia, or both, and only one adverse respiratory event (obstruction requiring nasopharyngeal airway placement) occurred. There were two episodes of overt recovery-related agitation. All but four procedures were successfully completed (4/315, or 98.7%). Dexmedetomidine with or without midazolam was an effective sedative in this population. The regimen appeared to be well tolerated with few adverse events, including recovery-related agitation, and appears to be an attractive option for this population. (C) 2009 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Berkenbosch, John W.] Univ Louisville, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Lubisch, Nina; Roskos, Rudolph] Chris Evert Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Berkenbosch, JW (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Kosair Childrens Hosp, 571 S Floyd,Ste 332, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM john.berkenbosch@louisville.edu CR American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Bright Futures Steering Committee and Medical Home Initiatives for Children with Special Needs Project Advisory Committee, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, P1808 BERKENBOSCH JW, 2005, PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME, V6, P117, DOI 10.1097/00130478-200501000-00111 Berkenbosch JW, 2006, CRIT CARE MED, V34, pA158, DOI 10.1097/00003246-200612002-00551 Berkenbosch John W, 2005, Pediatr Crit Care Med, V6, P435, DOI 10.1097/01.PCC.0000163680.50087.93 BERKENBOSCH JW, 2005, CRIT CARE MED S, V33, pT259 BERKENBOSCH JW, 2006, PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME, V7, P521, DOI 10.1097/00130478-200609000-00107 Canitano R, 2005, J CHILD NEUROL, V20, P27, DOI 10.1177/08830738050200010401 Duby JC, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, P405, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-1231 Cravero JP, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, P1087, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-0313 Dyck JB, 1993, ANAESTH PHARM REV, V1, P238 Greenberg SB, 2000, PEDIATR RADIOL, V30, P689, DOI 10.1007/s002470000304 GREENBERG SB, 1991, J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO, V15, P467, DOI 10.1097/00004728-199105000-00023 KAUFFMAN RE, 1992, PEDIATRICS, V89, P1110 Koroglu A, 2005, BRIT J ANAESTH, V94, P821, DOI 10.1093/bja/aei119 Malviya S, 2004, PEDIATR ANESTH, V14, P589, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01243.x Mason KP, 2008, PEDIATR ANESTH, V18, P393, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02451.x Mason KP, 2008, PEDIATR ANESTH, V18, P403, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02468.x Mason KP, 2006, ANESTH ANALG, V103, P57, DOI 10.1213/01.ane.0000216293.16613.15 Mehta UC, 2004, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V25, P102, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200404000-00005 Myers SM, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1162, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 Petroz GC, 2006, ANESTHESIOLOGY, V105, P1098, DOI 10.1097/00000542-200612000-00009 Pisalchaiyong T, 2005, PEDIATR DENT, V27, P198 POLAVARAPU N, 2005, CRIT CARE MED, V33, pT258 Rapin I, 1997, NEW ENGL J MED, V337, P97, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199707103370206 RONCHERAOMS CL, 1994, J CLIN PHARM THER, V19, P239, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00680.x Seid M, 1997, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V40, P107, DOI 10.1016/S0165-5876(97)01507-3 STRAIN JD, 1988, AM J ROENTGENOL, V151, P975 Tuchman R, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P485, DOI 10.1023/A:1005572128200 Van der Walt JH, 2001, PAEDIATR ANAESTH, V11, P401, DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00688.x VIRTANEN R, 1988, EUR J PHARMACOL, V150, P9, DOI 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90744-3 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.006 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 473ME UT WOS:000268210200003 PM 19589455 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, SH Voigt, RG Katusic, SK Weaver, AL Barbaresi, WJ AF Ibrahim, Samar H. Voigt, Robert G. Katusic, Slavica K. Weaver, Amy L. Barbaresi, William J. TI Incidence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Autism: A Population-Based Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; constipation; food selectivity; gastrointestinal diseases ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MEASLES-VIRUS; ENTEROCOLITIS; ASSOCIATION; RISPERIDONE; PEPTIDES; HISTORY; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children with autism have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms compared with matched control subjects in a population-based sample. DESIGN/METHODS: In a previous study including all of the residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged <21 years between 1976 and 1997, we identified 124 children who fulfilled criteria on the basis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, for a research diagnosis of autism. Two matched control subjects were identified for each case subject. Through the Rochester Epidemiology Project, all medical diagnoses, are indexed for computerized retrieval. Gastrointestinal diagnoses before 21 years of age were grouped into 5 categories: (1) constipation; (2) diarrhea; (3) abdominal bloating, discomfort, or irritability; (4) gastroesophageal reflux or vomiting; and (5) feeding issues or food selectivity. The cumulative incidence of each category was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the risk ratios (case subjects versus control subjects) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Subjects were followed to median ages of 18.2 (case subjects) and 18.7 (control subjects) years. Significant differences between autism case and control subjects were identified in the cumulative incidence of constipation (33.9% vs 17.6%) and feeding issues/food selectivity (24.5% vs 16.1). No significant associations were found between autism case status and overall incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms or any other gastrointestinal symptom category. CONCLUSIONS: As constipation and feeding issues/food selectivity often have a behavioral etiology, data suggest that a neurobehavioral rather than a primary organic gastrointestinal etiology may account for the higher incidence of these gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 680-686 C1 [Ibrahim, Samar H.] Mayo Clin, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Ibrahim, SH (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 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Pedersen, Marianne G. Thorsen, Poul Mortensen, Preben Bo Deleuran, Bent Eaton, William W. Parner, Erik T. TI Association of Family History of Autoimmune Diseases and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; autoimmune diseases; autoimmunity ID CELIAC-DISEASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; RISK-FACTORS; FETAL-BRAIN; PREGNANCY; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES; COHORT; CHILDREN; REGISTER AB OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that familial autoimmunity plays a part in the pathogenesis of ASDs. In this study we investigated the association between family history of autoimmune diseases (ADs) and ASDs/infantile autism. We perform confirmatory analyses based on results from previous studies, as well as various explorative analyses. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of all of the children born in Denmark from 1993 through 2004 (689 196 children). Outcome data consisted of both inpatient and outpatient diagnoses reported to the Danish National Psychiatric Registry. Information on ADs in parents and siblings of the cohort members was obtained from the Danish National Hospital Register. The incidence rate ratio of autism was estimated by using log-linear Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 3325 children were diagnosed with ASDs, of which 1089 had an infantile autism diagnosis. Increased risk of ASDs was observed for children with a maternal history of rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Also, increased risk of infantile autism was observed for children with a family history of type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Associations regarding family history of type 1 diabetes and infantile autism and maternal history of rheumatoid arthritis and ASDs were confirmed from previous studies. A significant association between maternal history of celiac disease and ASDs was observed for the first time. The observed associations between familial autoimmunity and ASDs/infantile autism are probably attributable to a combination of a common genetic background and a possible prenatal antibody exposure or alteration in fetal environment during pregnancy. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 687-694 C1 [Atladottir, Hjordis O.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Parner, Erik T.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biostat, Inst Publ Hlth, Aarhus C, Denmark. [Pedersen, Marianne G.; Mortensen, Preben Bo] Univ Aarhus, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Deleuran, Bent] Univ Aarhus, Inst Med Microbiol & Immunol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Thorsen, Poul] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. [Deleuran, Bent] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Eaton, William W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 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Redel, Carol Anne TI Autism and the Gut SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; CELIAC-DISEASE; RETT-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; MEASLES; ASSOCIATION; VACCINATION; DYSFUNCTION; ILLNESS C1 [Gilger, Mark A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Clin Care Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Gilger, MA (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Clin Care Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Suite 10-10,6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 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Feudtner, Chris Localio, Russell Mandell, David S. TI State Variation in Psychotropic Medication Use by Foster Care Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; foster care; psychotropic drugs; Medicaid ID MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; YOUTHS; EXPENDITURES; ADOLESCENTS; CUSTODY; WELFARE; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare on a national cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) the concurrent use of >= 3 psychotropic medications between children in foster care and children who have disabilities and receive Supplemental Security Income, and to describe variation among states in the use of these medications by children in foster care. METHODS: Studied was the concurrent use of >= 3 classes of psychotropic medications, identified from the 2001 Medicaid claims of 43 406 children who were aged 3 to 18 years and had >= 1 annual claim for ASD. Medicaid enrollment as a child in foster care versus a child with disabilities was compared. Multilevel logistic regression, clustered at the state level and controlling for demographics and comorbidities, yielded standardized (adjusted) estimates of concurrent use of >= 3 medications and estimated variation in medication use within states that exceeded 1 and 2 SDs from the average across states. RESULTS: Among children in foster care, 20.8% used >= 3 classes of medication concurrently, compared with 10.1% of children who were classified as having a disability. Differences grew in relationship to overall use of medications within a state; for every 5% increase in concurrent use of >= 3 medication classes by a state's population with disabilities, such use by children in a state's foster care population increased by 8.3%. Forty-three percent (22) of states were > 1 SD from the adjusted mean for children who were using >= 3 medications concurrently, and 14% (7) of the states exceeded 2 SDs. CONCLUSIONS: Among children with ASD, children in foster care were more likely to use >= 3 medications concurrently than children with disabilities. State-level differences underscore policy or programmatic differences that might affect the receipt of medications in this population. Pediatrics 2009;124:e305-e312 C1 [Rubin, David M.; Feudtner, Chris] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, PolicyLab, Ctr Bridge Res Practice & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rubin, David M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Safe Pl Ctr Child Protect & Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rubin, David M.; Feudtner, Chris; Mandell, David S.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Gen Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rubin, David M.; Localio, Russell] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rubin, David M.; Feudtner, Chris; Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Localio, Russell] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, PolicyLab, Ctr Bridge Res Practice & Policy, 34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd,Attn CHOP N,3535 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM rubin@email.chop.edu RI Mandell, David/H-2730-2012 OI Mandell, David/0000-0001-8240-820X FU Stoneleigh Center ( Philadelphia, PA) FX Dr Rubin was supported for this project by a faculty fellowship from the Stoneleigh Center ( Philadelphia, PA). CR *AM SOC HLTH SYST, 1999, AHFS DRUG INF Ashby C., 2006, GAO0775 Breland-Noble AM, 2004, PSYCHIAT SERV, V55, P706, DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.55.6.706 Burns BJ, 2004, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V43, P960, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000127590.95585.65 CAREY B, 2006, NY TIMES 0606 Clausen J. 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TI The structure of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from a student sample in Scotland SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autism-Spectrum Quotient; Broad Autism Phenotype ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BLOCK DESIGN; PHENOTYPE; TRAITS; DISORDERS; ADULTS; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS; RELIABILITY AB The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001) has been recently developed to assess how individuals of normal intelligence vary on autistic traits. The main objective of this study was to assess the factor structure of the AQ in a large Scottish University sample (n = 536). G roup differences in the AQ were also assessed. The current study found four factors of 'Socialness', 'Pattern', 'Understanding Others/Communication' and 'Imagination'. Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, and Plumb (2001) suggest five subscales, previous factor analytic Studies find two- or three-factor models. However, all agree on a 'Socialness', and a 'Patterns/Attention to Detail' factor. In addition, a 'Communication' factor is largely agreed upon. Group differences were as expected, students enrolled in a mathematical science degree type scored higher than other students, and males scored higher than females. The AQ, in a UK population, appears to be reasonably reliable, however. it does require some revision. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stewart, Mary E.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Austin, Elizabeth J.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Stewart, ME (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.004 PG 5 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 461WV UT WOS:000267305000013 ER PT J AU Lucht, MJ Barnow, S Sonnenfeld, C Rosenberger, A Grabe, HJ Schroeder, W Volzke, H Freyberger, HJ Herrmann, FH Kroemer, H Rosskopf, D AF Lucht, Michael J. Barnow, Sven Sonnenfeld, Christine Rosenberger, Albert Grabe, Hans Joergen Schroeder, Winnie Voelzke, Henry Freyberger, Harald J. Herrmann, Falko H. Kroemer, Heyo Rosskopf, Dieter TI Associations between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and affect, loneliness and intelligence in normal subjects SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE Affect; IQ; OXTR; Oxytoxin; PANAS; Polymorphism ID AFFECTIVE EXPRESSION; SOCIAL COGNITION; DOWN-SYNDROME; OLDER-ADULTS; GENOME-WIDE; AUTISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; SEPARATION AB Associations of oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variants and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been reported in earlier studies; in one of the studies associations with IQ and daily living skills were found additionally. Variations of the oxytocin receptor gene might also regulate affect, attachment and separation beyond the diagnostic borders of autism. We tested hypotheses of associations between positive and negative affects and social and emotional loneliness (285 adults), IQ (117 adolescents) and polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576, rs2254298 and rs2228485) in normal subjects. Individuals with the oxytocin OXTR rs53576 A/A genotype showed lower positive affect scores (F=5.532, df=1; p=0.019). This effect was restricted to males (F=13.098, df=1; p=0.00047). Haplotypes constructed with the three markers were associated with positive affect (p=0.0012), negative affect (p<0.0001) and emotional loneliness (p<0.0001). Non-verbal intelligence was significantly reduced in rs53576 A/A adolescents (T=2.247, p=0.027). Our findings support a role for the oxytocin receptor haplotypes in the generation of affectivity, emotional loneliness and IQ. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucht, Michael J.; Grabe, Hans Joergen; Freyberger, Harald J.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-18437 Stralsund, Germany. [Barnow, Sven] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Psychol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Sonnenfeld, Christine; Kroemer, Heyo; Rosskopf, Dieter] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Pharmacol, D-18437 Stralsund, Germany. [Rosenberger, Albert] Univ Med Gottingen, Dept Genet Epidemiol, Gottingen, Germany. [Schroeder, Winnie; Herrmann, Falko H.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Human Genet, D-18437 Stralsund, Germany. [Voelzke, Henry] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, D-18437 Stralsund, Germany. RP Lucht, MJ (reprint author), Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Rostocker Chaussee 70, D-18437 Stralsund, Germany. 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.04.004 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 475OT UT WOS:000268370100016 PM 19376182 ER PT J AU Durban, J AF Durban, Joshua TI Shadows, ghosts and chimaeras: On some early modes of handling psycho-genetic heritage. SO PSYCHE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOANALYSE UND IHRE ANWENDUNGEN LA German DT Article DE autism; chimerism; trauma; shadows; ghosts; Holocaust ID BLACK-HOLE; MEANINGLESSNESS; PSYCHOANALYSIS; NOTHINGNESS; CHAOS AB Shadows, ghosts and chimaeras: On some early modes of handling psycho-genetic heritage. - The paper describes three early developmental modes of handling the individual's psycho-genetic heritage. The first one, which characterizes normal development, is called living with the shadow of one's heritage. The shadow (of history, of life and death) is a natural counterpart of the self. The second mode, which accounts for more disturbed patients, is called living under the shadows of heritage. This type is characterized by an unconscious phantasy of the person being haunted by persecutory and vindictive ghosts instead of benign ancestors. The third mode, which might be encountered in severely disturbed patients, Is being the shadow. This mode, called Chimerism, describes a confused organism which may turn against itself as parts of it are experienced as alien. On the unconscious level this signifies a heritage which cannot be experienced or mentalized as such. Rather, it is a complete chaos with moments where the hardly existent self is experienced as a bizarre object made up of non-combining, welded parts. These three modes will be examined with the help of material drawn from two analyses: of an autistic boy and of an adult patient who was persecuted by an unspeakable, horrific ancestral past. RP Durban, J (reprint author), 9 Matmon St, IL-62094 Tel Aviv, Israel. 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Ihre Anwendungen PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 8 BP 717 EP 747 PG 31 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 484NV UT WOS:000269053900001 ER PT J AU Mohammad, NS Jain, JMN Chintakindi, KP Singh, RP Naik, U Akella, RRD AF Mohammad, Naushad Shaik Jain, Jamal Md Nurul Chintakindi, Krishna Prasad Singh, Ram Prakash Naik, Usha Akella, Radha Rama Devi TI Aberrations in folate metabolic pathway and altered susceptibility to autism SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; methionine synthase reductase; methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; serine hydroxymethyl transferase; single nucleotide polymorphisms; susceptibility ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; METHIONINE SYNTHASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; COMMON MUTATION; RISK-FACTOR; POLYMORPHISMS; CHILDREN AB Objective To investigate whether genetic polymorphisms are the underlying causes for aberrations in folate pathway that was reported in autistic children. Basic methods A total of 138 children diagnosed as autistic based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria and Autism Behavior Checklist scoring and 138 age and sex matched children who are nonautistic were tested for five genetic polymorphisms, that is, cytosolic serine hydroxyl methyl transferase (SHMT1 C1420T), methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G), methionine synthase (MS A2756G) using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. Results MTHFR 677T-allele frequency was found to be higher in autistic children compared with nonautistic children (16.3 vs. 6.5%) with 2.79-fold increased risk for autism [95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.58-4.93]. The frequencies of MTRR 66A allele (12.7 vs. 21.0%) and SHMT 1420T allele (27.9 vs. 45.3%) were lower in autistic group compared with nonautistic group with odds ratios 0.55 (95% Cl: 0.35-0.86) and 0.44 (95% Cl: 0.31-0.62), respectively, indicating reduced risk. MTHFR 1298C-allele frequency was similar in both the groups (53.3 vs. 53.6%) and hence individually not associated with any risk. However, this allele was found to act additively in the presence of MTHFR 677T allele as evidenced by 8.11-fold (95% Cl: 2.84-22.92) risk associated with MTHFR 677CT + TT/1298AC + CC genotypes cumulatively. Conclusion MTHFR C677T is a risk factor, whereas MTRR A66G and SHMT C1420T polymorphisms reduce risk for autism. MTHFR A1298C acts additively in increasing the risk for autism. Psychiatr Genet 19:171-176 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Mohammad, Naushad Shaik; Jain, Jamal Md Nurul; Chintakindi, Krishna Prasad; Singh, Ram Prakash; Akella, Radha Rama Devi] Niloufer Hosp, Div Diagnost, Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, Hyderabad 500076, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Naik, Usha] Niloufer Hosp, Inst Child Hlth, Hyderabad 500076, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Akella, RRD (reprint author), Niloufer Hosp, Div Diagnost, Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, 7-18 Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM naushadsm@gmail.com FU Department of Biotechnology, Government of India FX Authors thank all the families who have participated in this study and all the physicians and psychiatrist who evaluated the patients. They also thank Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for financial support through its core grant. 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Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e32832cebd2 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 470GP UT WOS:000267963500002 PM 19440165 ER PT J AU Cho, SC Yim, SH Yoo, HK Kim, MY Jung, GY Shin, GW Kim, BN Hwang, JW Kang, JJ Kim, TM Chung, YJ AF Cho, Soo Churl Yim, Seon-Hee Yoo, Hanik K. Kim, Mi-Young Jung, Gyoo Yeol Shin, Gi Won Kim, Boong-Nyun Hwang, Jun Won Kang, Jason Jongho Kim, Tae-Min Chung, Yeun-Jun TI Copy number variations associated with idiopathic autism identified by whole-genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE array-comparative genomic hybridization; autism spectrum disorder; copy number variation; DEFENSIN ID CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ALPHA-DEFENSIN; ABNORMALITIES; POLYMORPHISMS; REGIONS; GENETICS; ETIOLOGY; 8P23.1 AB Objectives Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been thought to have strong genetic background, but major contributing genes or associated molecular-genetic pathways are yet to be identified. To explore the idiopathic ASD-associated copy number variations (CNVs), we conducted case-control study using whole-genome copy number analysis. Methods Whole-genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization was carried out on 28 children (24 boys and four girls) diagnosed as ASD and 62 Korean adults (45 males and 17 females) without any signs of abnormalities and family history of genetic disorders as normal controls. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization and capillary electrophoresis-single-strand conformational polymorphism were used for quantitative verification of the ASD-associated CNVs. Results Thirty-eight CNVs were identified. Among them, the distributions of copy number loss CNVs on 8p23.1 (odds ratio: 5.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-14.5, P=0.003) and on 17p11.2 (odds ratio: uncalculable because of zero cell, P=0.008) were found to be significantly different between ASD and control groups. DEFENSIN family occurs in a cluster at 8p23.1 region. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization and capillary electrophoresis-single-strand conformational polymorphism coherently showed reduced copy number of DEFENSIN in cases with 8p23.1 copy number loss CNV, which validated microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization results; but there are no known coding genes in the CNV on 17p11.2. Conclusion Our approach as well as results can help to elucidate the genetic mechanism of idiopathic ASD. Psychiatr Genet 19:177-185 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Kim, Tae-Min; Chung, Yeun-Jun] Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Microbiol, Integrated Res Ctr Genome Polymorphism, Seoul 137701, South Korea. [Cho, Soo Churl; Kim, Boong-Nyun; Hwang, Jun Won] Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Seoul 110744, South Korea. [Yoo, Hanik K.] Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Asan Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Kang, Jason Jongho] Macrogen Inc, Seoul, South Korea. [Jung, Gyoo Yeol; Shin, Gi Won] POSTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang, South Korea. RP Chung, YJ (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Microbiol, Integrated Res Ctr Genome Polymorphism, 505 Banpo Dong, Seoul 137701, South Korea. EM yejun@catholic.ac.kr RI Kim, Boong Nyun/J-5397-2012; Cho, Soo Churl/J-5667-2012 FU Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea [0405-BC02-0604-0004] FX The authors thank Dr Ju Han Kim for helpful comment and Seung-Hun Shin for technical assistance. This study was supported by Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea (0405-BC02-0604-0004). 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Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e32832bdafa PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 470GP UT WOS:000267963500003 PM 19407672 ER PT J AU Jou, RJ Minshew, NJ Melhem, NM Keshavan, MS Hardan, AY AF Jou, R. J. Minshew, N. J. Melhem, N. M. Keshavan, M. S. Hardan, A. Y. TI Brainstem volumetric alterations in children with autism SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MRI; pervasive developmental disorder; sensory ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; POSTERIOR-FOSSA; METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES; CEREBELLUM; DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; SCHEDULE; VERSION AB Background. Although several studies have examined brainstem volume in autism, results have been mixed and no investigation has specifically measured gray- and white-matter structures. The aim of this investigation was to assess gray- and white-matter volumes in children with autism. Method. Subjects included 22 right-handed, non-mentally retarded boys with autism and 22 gender- and age-matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained using a 1.5-T scanner and volumetric measurements were performed using the BRAINS2 software package. Gray- and white-matter volumes were measured using a semi-automated segmentation process. Results. There were no significant differences in age and total brain volume (TBV) between the two groups but full-scale IQ was higher in controls. A decrease in brainstem gray-matter volume was observed in the autism group before and after controlling for TBV. No significant differences were observed in white-matter volume. A significant relationship was observed between brainstem gray-matter volume and oral sensory sensitivity as measured by the Sensory Profile Questionnaire (SPQ). Conclusions. Findings from this study are suggestive of brainstem abnormalities in autism involving gray-matter structures with evidence supporting the existence of a relationship between these alterations and sensory deficits. These results are consistent with previous investigations and support the existence of disturbances in brainstem circuitry thought to be implicated in the sensory dysfunction observed in autism. C1 [Hardan, A. Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keshavan, M. S.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Minshew, N. J.; Melhem, N. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Jou, R. J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Jou, R. J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Investigat Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hardanay@stanford.edu RI Melhem, Nadine/G-1510-2013 CR (APA) APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bailey A, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P889, DOI 10.1093/brain/121.5.889 Bandim JM, 2003, ARQ NEURO-PSIQUIAT, V61, P181, DOI 10.1590/S0004-282X2003000200004 BAUMAN M, 1985, NEUROLOGY, V35, P866 Ciesielski KT, 1997, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V35, P643, DOI 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00119-4 Cody H, 2002, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V20, P421, DOI 10.1016/S0736-5748(02)00053-9 Dunn W., 1999, SENSORY PROFILE Elia M, 2000, J CHILD NEUROL, V15, P504, DOI 10.1177/088307380001500802 GAFFNEY GR, 1988, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V24, P578, DOI 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90168-0 GARBER HJ, 1992, AM J PSYCHIAT, V149, P245 HAPPE FGE, 1994, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V35, P1461, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01287.x Hardan AY, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P666, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00011 HASHIMOTO T, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF02178163 Herbert MR, 2003, BRAIN, V126, P1182, DOI 10.1093/brain/awg110 HOBSON RP, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1135, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00354.x Hollingshead A. 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R., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd White T, 2003, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V54, P418, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00065-9 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0033-2917 J9 PSYCHOL MED JI Psychol. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1347 EP 1354 DI 10.1017/S0033291708004376 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 472XC UT WOS:000268165300013 PM 18812009 ER PT J AU Dubischar-Krivec, AM Neumann, N Poustka, F Braun, C Birbaumer, N Bolte, S AF Dubischar-Krivec, A. M. Neumann, N. Poustka, F. Braun, C. Birbaumer, N. Boelte, S. TI Calendar calculating in savants with autism and healthy calendar calculators SO PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Autistic intelligence; cognition; extraordinary abilities; pervasive developmental disorders; savant syndrome ID CALENDRICAL CALCULATORS; IDIOT-SAVANT; INTELLIGENCE; ABILITIES; MEMORY AB Background. Calendar calculation is the ability to quickly name the day that a given date falls on. Previous research has suggested that savant calendar calculation is based on rote memory and the use of rule-based arithmetic skills. The objective of this study was to identify the cognitive processes that distinguish calendar calculation in savant individuals from healthy calendar calculators. Method. Savant calendar calculators with autism (ACC, n=3), healthy calendar calculators (HCC, n=3), non-savant subjects with autism (n=6) and healthy calendar calculator laymen (n=18) were included in the study. All participants calculated dates of the present (current month). In addition, ACC and HCC also calculated dates of the past and future 50 years. Results. ACC showed shorter reaction times and fewer errors than HCC and non-savant subjects with autism, and significantly fewer errors than healthy calendar calculator laymen when calculating dates of the present. Moreover, ACC performed faster and more accurate than HCC regarding past dates. However, no differences between ACC and HCC were detected for future date calculation. Conclusions. The findings may imply distinct calendar calculation strategies in ACC and HCC, with HCC relying on calendar regularities for all types of dates and an involvement of (rote) memory in ACC when processing dates of the past and the present. C1 [Dubischar-Krivec, A. M.; Neumann, N.; Braun, C.; Birbaumer, N.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Psychol & Behav Neurobiol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Poustka, F.; Boelte, S.] JW Goethe Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany. [Birbaumer, N.] Osped San Camillo, Ist Ric & Cura Carattere Sci IRCSS, Venezia Lido, Italy. RP Dubischar-Krivec, AM (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Psychol & Behav Neurobiol, Gartenstr 29, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM anna.dubischar@uni-tuebingen.de RI Braun, Christoph/E-4561-2010 OI Braun, Christoph/0000-0002-7836-4010 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Tiibingen FX This study was supported by the Graduate Research Training Program on Cognitive Neurobiology of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Tiibingen. We are indebted to all patients who participated in the study. 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Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1363 DI 10.1017/S0033291708004601 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 472XC UT WOS:000268165300014 PM 18940023 ER PT J AU Stahmer, AC Aarons, GA AF Stahmer, Aubyn C. Aarons, Gregory A. TI Attitudes Toward Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices: A Comparison of Autism Early Intervention Providers and Children's Mental Health Providers SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES LA English DT Article DE autism; early intervention; mental health; evidence-based practice; attitudes AB Across the country, states are reporting increases in the number of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) served each year in the early intervention system. Research examining factors impacting the successful dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into service systems for these children is limited. Preliminary information indicates that adoption of EBPs is variable. Provider attitudes toward the adoption of EBPs may be one factor that limits or facilitates implementation of efficacious treatments and these attitudes vary by organizational context and provider individual differences. The current study examines cross-context differences in provider attitudes toward EBPs by comparing the attitudes of 71 education-based early intervention providers working with children with ASD to the attitudes of 238 mental health providers in the public mental health system. This provides the first examination of ASD early intervention provider attitudes toward EBP. Results indicated that early intervention providers reported significantly more favorable attitudes toward adopting EBPs than did mental health providers. Early intervention providers with extended experience in the field perceived less divergence between their current practice and EBPs. Implications are discussed. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1037/a0010738 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA V17YB UT WOS:000207971400006 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Addressing shortcomings in autism service provision SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 8 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 481WG UT WOS:000268842600025 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Tachimori, H Sawamura, K Koyama, A Naganuma, Y Makino, H Takeshima, T AF Koyama, Tomonori Tachimori, Hisateru Sawamura, Kanae Koyama, Asuka Naganuma, Yoichi Makino, Hazuki Takeshima, Tadashi TI Mental health literacy of autism spectrum disorders in the Japanese general population SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders (ASD); mental health literacy; public; vignette ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BELIEFS; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; KNOWLEDGE; PROGRAM AB We aimed to clarify the public's mental health literacy of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Using a vignette of a young child, 500 Japanese participants were asked their perspectives, such as causes and appropriate coping strategies. For each response from those respondents who correctly identified the child as having autism, we tested the effects of sex and generation. Two hundred twenty-nine respondents (45.8%) correctly identified the child as having autism. Significantly (P < 0.05) more females planned practical coping strategies such as contacting public agencies, whereas males had relatively more irrelevant perceptions, for example, significantly more males attributed ASD to social environment. Significantly more young respondents expected psychiatric treatments such as antipsychotic administration to be effective, and more seniors estimated low that the prevalence is approximately 0.01% or less. The mental health literacy of ASD among the Japanese public appears to be acceptable but there is still much room for improvement. Females showed more accurate knowledge, possibly reflecting gender roles. Some young people are not likely to know of the impact of psychiatric treatment, and seniors appear to be unaware of the current broadened recognition of ASD. Continued efforts to disseminate accurate information are required, particularly among males. C1 [Koyama, Tomonori] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. [Tachimori, Hisateru; Koyama, Asuka; Naganuma, Yoichi; Takeshima, Tadashi] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth Adm, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. [Sawamura, Kanae] Inst Hlth Econ & Policy, Res Dept, Tokyo, Japan. [Makino, Hazuki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Div Social Studies, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Fac Urban Liberal Arts, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Koyama, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, 4-1-1 Ogawa Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. EM tomok@ncnp.go.jp FU Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan [H16-KOKORO-013] FX This study was supported by a Research Grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan ( H16-KOKORO-013). We thank Drs. Yoshiharu Kim, Hiroshi Kurita, Naoki Nago, Iwao Oshima, and Motoe Yamamura for their help with developing the survey sheet. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Angermeyer MC, 2006, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V113, P163, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00699.x Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Crawford I. 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Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1007/s00127-008-0485-z PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 475WH UT WOS:000268393700008 PM 19096742 ER PT J AU Meadan, H Ostrosky, MM Zaghlawan, HY Yu, S AF Meadan, Hedda Ostrosky, Michaelene M. Zaghlawan, Hasan Y. Yu, SeonYeong TI Promoting the Social and Communicative Behavior of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders A Review of Parent-Implemented Intervention Studies SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); disability populations; families; intervention ID PRESCHOOL; SKILLS AB The purpose of this article is to critically review the literature on parent-implemented interventions aimed at promoting and enhancing the social and communicative behavior of young children with autism spectrum disorders. Twelve parent-implemented intervention studies that were conducted, at least in part, in home environments and were published between 1997 and 2007 were identified. Each of these studies is described as a study within a study. A study-within-a-study design allows researchers to examine (a) the effectiveness of the parents' implementation of the newly learned strategies and (b) the influence of parent-implemented strategies on their children's social and communication skills. All 12 studies reported positive outcomes for parents and children. Yet closer examination of the research methods used in each study indicates considerable variability in intervention and data collection strategies. Carefully and critically evaluating this empirical literature can help researchers, teacher educators, and practitioners as they consider options for interventions and plan future research efforts that will efficiently and effectively result in positive outcomes for young children with social communication delays. Implications for research and practice are addressed following the literature review. C1 [Zaghlawan, Hasan Y.; Yu, SeonYeong] Univ Illinois, Dept Special Educ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meadan, Hedda] Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Meadan, H (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Campus Box 5910, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM hmeadan@ilstu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Charlop-Christy M. H., 2000, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V2, P98, DOI DOI 10.1177/109830070000200203 Drew A, 2002, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V11, P266, DOI 10.1007/s00787-002-0299-6 Dunlap G, 2006, J EARLY INTERVENTION, V28, P81, DOI 10.1177/105381510602800201 Dunst C. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 90 EP 104 DI 10.1177/0271121409337950 PG 15 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 478DJ UT WOS:000268567700003 ER PT J AU Kishida, Y Kemp, C AF Kishida, Yuriko Kemp, Coral TI The Engagement and Interaction of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Segregated and Inclusive Early Childhood Center-Based Settings SO TOPICS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE engagement; interaction; young children with autism spectrum disorder; segregated; inclusive ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SOCIAL-SKILLS; EFFECT SIZE; DISABILITIES; CLASSROOMS; BEHAVIOR; OPPORTUNITIES; STUDENTS AB The engagement and interaction of 12 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were measured during free play in segregated and inclusive prior-to-school early childhood settings to compare the learning opportunities provided in each type of setting. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1177/0271121408329172 PG 14 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 478DJ UT WOS:000268567700004 ER PT J AU Francis, P Balbo, S Firth, L AF Francis, Peter Balbo, Sandrine Firth, Lucy TI Towards co-design with users who have autism spectrum disorders SO UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Information and communications technologies; Co-design; Autism spectrum disorders; Digital assistive technologies AB People with cognitive disorders, such as autism or Asperger's syndrome, face many barriers when being involved in the co-design of information and communications technologies (ICT). Cognitive disorders may require that co-design techniques be modified to fit with individual abilities. Up until recently, with technology design, purpose and use being in the hands of 'experts' there was little opportunity for customisation. However, ICT bring together various threads that make open many new possibilities. Not only are technologies cheaper, more powerful and more available than ever, but now parents, support agencies and people with autism spectrum disorders expect information technologies to be part of their worlds, and they have the capacity to participate in co-design for customisation. However, co-design techniques have not evolved to the extent that they capture this potential democratisation of the ICT. This paper reports on an investigation of the potential to develop a set of guidelines for co-design techniques to enable people with autism spectrum disorders to participate in ICT design. C1 [Balbo, Sandrine] Univ Melbourne, Dept Informat Syst, Interact Design Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Francis, Peter] Victoria Univ, Sch Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. RP Balbo, S (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Informat Syst, Interact Design Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. 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PD AUG PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s10209-008-0143-y PG 13 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA V16SN UT WOS:000207889400001 ER PT J AU Benvenuto, A Moavero, R Alessandrelli, R Manzi, B Curatolo, P AF Benvenuto, Arianna Moavero, Romina Alessandrelli, Riccardo Manzi, Barbara Curatolo, Paolo TI Syndromic autism: causes and pathogenetic pathways SO WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE autism; candidate genes; etiologies; pathogenetic pathways ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TERMINAL DELETION; INFANTILE SPASMS; ASSOCIATION AB Background. Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder known to have many different etiologies. In the last few years, significant progresses have been made in comprehending the causes of autism and their multiple impacts on the developing brain. This article aims to review the current understanding of the etiologies and the multiple pathogenetic pathways that are likely to lead to the autistic phenotype. Data sources: The PubMed database was searched with the keywords "autism" and "chromosomal abnormalities", "metabolic diseases", "susceptibility loci". Results: Genetic syndromes, defined mutations, and metabolic diseases account for less than 20% of autistic patients. Alterations of the neocortical excitatory/inhibitory balance and perturbations of interneurons' development represent the most probable pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the autistic phenotype in fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. Chromosomal abnormalities and potential candidate genes are strongly implicated in the disruption of neural connections, brain growth and synaptic/dendritic morphology. Metabolic and mitochondrial defects may have toxic effects on the brain cells, causing neuronal loss and altered modulation of neurotransmission systems. Conclusions: A wide variety of cytogenetic abnormalities have been recently described, particularly in the low functioning individuals with dysmorphic features. Routine metabolic screening studies should be performed in the presence of autistic regression or suggestive clinical findings. As etiologies of autism are progressively discovered, the number of individuals with idiopathic autism will progressively shrink. Studies of genetic and environmentally modulated epigenetic factors are beginning to provide some clues to clarify the complexities of autism pathogenesis. The role of the neuropediatrician will be to understand the neurological basis of autism, and to identify more homogenous subgroups with specific biologic markers. 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Unal, O Ozcan, O Oner, O Akcakin, M Aysev, A Deda, G AF Unal, Ozlem Ozcan, Ozlem Oner, Ozguer Akcakin, Melda Aysev, Ayla Deda, Guelhis TI EEG and MRI findings and their relation with intellectual disability in pervasive developmental disorders SO WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; electroencephalography; magnetic resonance imaging; pervasive developmental disorders ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; ASSOCIATION; CEREBELLAR AB Background. The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) refer to a group of five disorders: autism, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). EEG abnormalities and seizures are considered much frequent in autistic subjects with comorbid intellectual disability (ID). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the EEG and MRI findings and their relation with ID in pervasive developmental disorder. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and non-experimental study was performed. Subjects included 81 patients diagnosed with autism or PDD-NOS according to the DSM-IV criteria. The age range of the patients was 2-15 years (mean 6.6 years, SD 3.0). Among them, 21 (25.9%) were girls and 60 boys (74.1%). Results: Patients with severe ID had a higher rate of EEG abnormalities (P=0.03) than patients without ID as well as patients with mild or moderate ID. The association remained significant after the structural MRI abnormalities were controlled (P=0.04). The severity of ID was not associated with abnormal MRI. The most frequent EEG and MRI abnormalities were active epileptic anomaly/paroxysmal abnormality and cerebral atrophy/periventricular leukomalacia, respectively. Almost a third of the EEG abnormalities were associated with temporal cortex and adjacent cortical structures. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies, almost a fourth of the patients in this relatively large sample of patients with pervasive developmental disorders had EEG and/or MRI abnormalities. EEG results indicate that temporal cortex may play a significant role in pervasive developmental disorders. C1 [Unal, Ozlem] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev & Behav Pediat, TR-06100 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey. [Ozcan, Ozlem] Inonu Univ, Sch Med, Malatya, Turkey. [Akcakin, Melda; Aysev, Ayla] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, TR-06100 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey. [Deda, Guelhis] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Neurol, TR-06100 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey. RP Unal, O (reprint author), Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev & Behav Pediat, TR-06100 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey. 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Feldon, Joram Meyer, Urs Chung, Sookja Chua, Siew E. Sham, Pak C. Wu, Ed X. McAlonan, Grainne M. TI Prenatal Immune Challenge Is an Environmental Risk Factor for Brain and Behavior Change Relevant to Schizophrenia: Evidence from MRI in a Mouse Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: Maternal infection during pregnancy increases risk of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, in the offspring. The most consistent brain structural abnormality in patients with schizophrenia is enlarged lateral ventricles. However, it is unknown whether the aetiology of ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia involves prenatal infectious processes. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between prenatal immune challenge and emergence of ventricular abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in adulthood. Method: We used an established mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA) by the viral mimic PolyI:C administered in early (day 9) or late (day 17) gestation. Automated voxel-based morphometry mapped cerebrospinal fluid across the whole brain of adult offspring and the results were validated by manual region-of-interest tracing of the lateral ventricles. Parallel behavioral testing determined the existence of schizophrenia-related sensorimotor gating abnormalities. Results: PolyI:C-induced immune activation, in early but not late gestation, caused marked enlargement of lateral ventricles in adulthood, without affecting total white and grey matter volumes. This early exposure disrupted sensorimotor gating, in the form of prepulse inhibition. Identical immune challenge in late gestation resulted in significant expansion of 4(th) ventricle volume but did not disrupt sensorimotor gating. 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Guedea, Anita Huh, Kyu Hwan Gao, Can Radulovic, Jelena TI Social modeling of conditioned fear in mice by non-fearful conspecifics SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Social modeling; Contextual fear conditioning; Observational (vicarious) learning; Social buffering; Mice; Anxiety; Autism ID CONTEXTUAL FEAR; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SNAKE FEAR; RATS; EXTINCTION; FACILITATION; MECHANISMS; AVOIDANCE; AMYGDALA; STRESS AB Social interactions with conspecifics markedly alter the neuroendocrine, behavioral and emotional responses to stressful events. Some of these effects involve observational learning and result in lasting changes of fear-motivated behavior. While most evidence reveals increased fearfulness after observation of fearful demonstrators (models) in a number of species, a few reports from human and non-human primates indicate that observational learning can also attenuate some forms of fear. In the present study, we set out to determine the effects of social modeling and observational learning on fear conditioning in the mouse. Observers were pre-exposed to a novel context in the presence of fearful (F group) or non-fearful (NF group) demonstrators. Mice of the F group acquired control levels of conditioned fear. On the other hand, mice of the NF group exhibited profound and persistent reduction of fear. The decrease of fear in NF observers was most likely due to context-specific impairments of fear conditioning, as revealed by selective effects on long- but not short-term contextual fear memory, and normal fear conditioning in response to a novel context or cue. The effect was lasting, but constrained by the shock intensity. Attenuation of fear conditioning resulting from interactions with non-fearful conspecifics was largely, but not entirely, mediated by vicarious learning. These findings identify an important social buffering process serving to prevent a lasting induction of fear in response to isolated, moderately intense stressful events. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guzman, Yomayra F.; Tronson, Natalie C.; Guedea, Anita; Huh, Kyu Hwan; Gao, Can; Radulovic, Jelena] Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Feinberg Sch Med, Asher Ctr Study & Treatment Depress Disorders, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Radulovic, J (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Feinberg Sch Med, Asher Ctr Study & Treatment Depress Disorders, 303 E Chicago Ave,Ward 9-221, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM yguzman@u.northwestern.edu; n-tronson@northwestern.edu; a-guedea@northwestern.edu; kyuhuh@u.northwestern.edu; can-gao@northwestern.edu; j-radulovic@northwestern.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [MH-078064]; Dunbar Funds; CLIMB [NIGMS R25 GM079300-02] FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-078064 and Dunbar Funds to JR) and by The CLIMB Program (NIGMS# R25 GM079300-02 to YFG). 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Null mutation of the Arx gene impairs GABA and cholinergic interneuronal migration but results in a neonatal lethal phenotype. We developed the first viable genetic mouse model of ISS that spontaneously recapitulates salient phenotypic features of the human triplet repeat expansion mutation. Arx((GCG)10+7) ("Arx plus 7") pups display abnormal spasm-like myoclonus and other key EEG features, including multifocal spikes, electrodecremental episodes, and spontaneous seizures persisting into maturity. The neurobehavioral profile of Arx mutants was remarkable for lowered anxiety, impaired associative learning, and abnormal social interaction. Laminar decreases of Arx+ cortical interneurons and a selective reduction of calbindin-, but not parvalbumin- or calretinin-expressing interneurons in neocortical layers and hippocampus indicate that specific classes of synaptic inhibition are missing from the adult forebrain, providing a basis for the seizures and cognitive disorder. Asignificant reduction of calbindin-, NPY (neuropeptide Y)-expressing, and cholinergic interneurons in the mutant striatum suggest that dysinhibition within this network may contribute to the dyskinetic motor spasms. This mouse model narrows the range of critical pathogenic elements within brain inhibitory networks essential to recreate this complex neurodevelopmental syndrome. C1 [Price, Maureen G.; Yoo, Jong W.; Burgess, Daniel L.; Deng, Fang; Hrachovy, Richard A.; Frost, James D., Jr.; Noebels, Jeffrey L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Noebels, Jeffrey L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Noebels, Jeffrey L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Noebels, JL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jnoebels@bcm.edu FU Baylor Department of Neurology (Peter Kellaway Research Fund); Blue Bird Circle Foundation; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS29709]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Eunice Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [HD024064]; People Against Childhood Epilepsy FX Funds were provided by the Baylor Department of Neurology (Peter Kellaway Research Fund), Blue Bird Circle Foundation, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant NS29709 (J.L.N.), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Eunice Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Grant HD024064, and People Against Childhood Epilepsy (M. G. P.). We are grateful for the advice and assistance of Drs. Kristen Senechal, Corinne Spenser, Sara McCann Ernst, and Meenaski B. Bhattacharjee, and that of Isabel Lorenzo, Kaiping Xu, Allison Patrick, and Kevin Kline. The pFloxFlpNeo, pPNT, and pOG-Flpe6 vectors were gifts from Drs. James Shayman, Richard Mulligan, and A. Francis Stewart, respectively. 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Neurosci. PD JUL 8 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 27 BP 8752 EP 8763 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0915-09.2009 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 468KY UT WOS:000267818400016 PM 19587282 ER PT J AU Zaki, J Weber, J Bolger, N Ochsner, K AF Zaki, Jamil Weber, Jochen Bolger, Niall Ochsner, Kevin TI The neural bases of empathic accuracy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE empathy; fMRI; medial prefrontal cortex; mirror neuron system; social cognition ID TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; THEORY-OF-MIND; SOCIAL COGNITION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BRAIN ACTIVITY; AUTISM; CORTEX; MECHANISMS; IMITATION; SELF AB Theories of empathy suggest that an accurate understanding of another's emotions should depend on affective, motor, and/or higher cognitive brain regions, but until recently no experimental method has been available to directly test these possibilities. Here, we present a functional imaging paradigm that allowed us to address this issue. We found that empathically accurate, as compared with inaccurate, judgments depended on (i) structures within the human mirror neuron system thought to be involved in shared sensorimotor representations, and (ii) regions implicated in mental state attribution, the superior temporal sulcus and medial prefrontal cortex. These data demostrate that activity in these 2 sets of brain regions tracks with the accuracy of attributions made about another's internal emotional state. Taken together, these results provide both an experimental approach and theoretical insights for studying empathy and its dysfunction. C1 [Zaki, Jamil; Weber, Jochen; Bolger, Niall; Ochsner, Kevin] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Zaki, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jamil@psych.columbia.edu RI Bolger, Niall/A-9934-2008 OI Bolger, Niall/0000-0001-8698-8117 FU Autism Speaks [4787]; National Institute on Drug Abuse [1R01DA022541-01] FX This work was supported by Autism Speaks Grant 4787 (to J.Z.) and National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant 1R01DA022541-01 (to K.O.). 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 27 BP 11382 EP 11387 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902666106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 468DX UT WOS:000267796100092 PM 19549849 ER PT J AU Rehnstrom, K Ylisaukko-oja, T Nummela, I Ellonen, P Kempas, E Vanhala, R von Wendt, L Jarvela, I Peltonen, L AF Rehnstrom, Karola Ylisaukko-oja, Tero Nummela, Ilona Ellonen, Pekka Kempas, Elli Vanhala, Raija von Wendt, Lennart Jarvela, Irma Peltonen, Leena TI Allelic Variants in HTR3C Show Association With Autism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; haplotype; candidate gene study; family-based association study ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHROMOSOME 3Q25-27; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; GENE; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; GENOME; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORTER AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic component. Only a few predisposing genes have been identified so far. We have previously performed a genome-wide linkage screen for ASDs in Finnish families where the most significant linkage peak was identified at 3q25-27. Here, 11 positional and functionally relevant candidate genes at 3q25-27 were tested for association with autistic disorder. Genotypes of 125 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in 97 families with at least one individual affected with autistic disorder. The most significant association was observed using two non-synonymous SNPs in HTR3C, rs6766410 and rs6807362, both resulting in P = 0.0012 in family-based association analysis. In addition, the haplotype C-C corresponding to amino acids N163-A405 was over-transmitted to affected individuals (P = 0.006). Sequencing revealed no other variants in the coding region or splice sites of HTR3C Based on the association analysis results in a previously identified linkage region, we propose that HTR3C represents a novel candidate locus for ASDs and should be tested in other populations. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Rehnstrom, Karola] Biomedicum Helsinki, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki 00290, Finland. [Rehnstrom, Karola; Ylisaukko-oja, Tero; Ellonen, Pekka; Kempas, Elli; Peltonen, Leena] Inst Mol Med Finland, Helsinki, Finland. [Rehnstrom, Karola; Ylisaukko-oja, Tero; Nummela, Ilona; Jarvela, Irma; Peltonen, Leena] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. [Vanhala, Raija; von Wendt, Lennart] Hosp Children & Adolescents, Unit Child Neurol, Helsinki, Finland. [Jarvela, Irma] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Mol Genet Lab, Lab Serv, Helsinki, Finland. [Peltonen, Leena] Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Peltonen, Leena] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Rehnstrom, K (reprint author), Biomedicum Helsinki, Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland. EM karola.rehnstrom@ktl.fi RI Jarvela, Irma/L-5836-2013 FU Center of Excellence of Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland; Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation; Academy of Finland; Helsinki University Hospital Research Funding; Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation; The Medical Society of Finland; Helsinki Biomedical Graduate School; Cure Autism Now FX We are grateful to the families who have made this Study possible. Reija Alen, Mari Auranen, Istno Makkonen, and Raili Riikonen are warmly thanked for their contribution in collecting and characterizing the sample. Minna Suvela and Anna-Maija Sulonen are thanked for technical assistance with SNP microarrays. Tero Hiekkalinna is thanked for help with statistical analysis and related issues. 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We examined the association of MAOA alleles in adult males with intellectual/developmental disabilities with and without established histories of problem behavior. These data were compared with a gender, ethrucity, and age-matched contrast sample. About 43% (15/35) of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and problem behavior possessed the low-efficiency version of the MAOA gene. In comparison, 20% (7/35) of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and no problem behavior and 20% (7/35) of the contrast group had the short-allele MAOA polymorphism. Therefore, a common variant in the MAOA gene may be associated with problem behavior in adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities. C1 [Kennedy, Craig H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Special Educ, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [May, Michael E.; Srour, Ali; Lightfoot, David A.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-114.4.269-273 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 469SQ UT WOS:000267921200004 PM 19642709 ER PT J AU Bailey, DB Raspa, M Holiday, D Bishop, E Olmsted, M AF Bailey, Donald B., Jr. Raspa, Melissa Holiday, David Bishop, Ellen Olmsted, Murrey TI Functional Skills of Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome: A Lifespan Cross-Sectional Analysis SO AJIDD-AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; YOUNG MALES; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; AUTISM; PROFILES; BOYS; CLASSIFICATION; ADOLESCENTS AB Parents of 1,105 male and 283 female children with fragile X syndrome described functional skill attainment in eating, dressing, toileting, bathing/hygiene, communication, articulation, and reading. The majority of adult children had mastered many skills independently. Most adults were verbal, used the toilet, dressed, ate independently, bathed, and used a towel independently. However, some skills were not as well-developed, such as using complex sentences, reading, or speaking at a typical rate. As expected, significant differences were found between males and females. The findings highlight major skill attainments, identify skills that should be the target of specific intervention programs, suggest variable trajectories to be tested more precisely through direct assessments and longitudinally, and provide baseline data for treatment studies. C1 [Bailey, Donald B., Jr.; Raspa, Melissa; Holiday, David; Bishop, Ellen; Olmsted, Murrey] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bailey, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. 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J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 289 EP 303 DI 10.1352/1944-7558-114.4.289-303 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 469SQ UT WOS:000267921200006 PM 19642710 ER PT J AU Morris, CR Agin, MC AF Morris, Claudia R. Agin, Marilyn C. TI SYNDROME OF ALLERGY, APRAXIA, AND MALABSORPTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PHENOTYPE THAT RESPONDS TO OMEGA 3 AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION SO ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SYSTEMIC CARNITINE DEFICIENCY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN; 22Q13.3 DELETION SYNDROME; SUDDEN NEONATAL DEATH; CELIAC-DISEASE AB Objective . Verbal apraxia is a neurologically based motor planning speech disorder of unknown etiology common in autism spectrum disorders. Vitamin E deficiency causes symptoms that overlap those of verbal apraxia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation and early destruction if vitamin E is not readily available, potentially leading to neurological sequelae. Inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and malabsorption of nutrients such as vitamin E and carnitine may contribute to neurological abnormalities. The goal of this investigation was to characterize symptoms and metabolic anomalies of a subset of children with verbal apraxia who may respond to nutritional interventions. Design and Patients . A total of 187 children with verbal apraxia received vitamin E + polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. A celiac panel, fat-soluble vitamin test, and carnitine level were obtained in patients having blood analyzed. Results . A common clinical phenotype of male predominance, autism, sensory issues, low muscle tone, coordination difficulties, food allergy, and GI symptoms emerged. In all, 181 families (97%) reported dramatic improvements in a number of areas including speech, imitation, coordination, eye contact, behavior, sensory issues, and development of pain sensation. Plasma vitamin E levels varied in children tested; however, pretreatment levels did not reflect clinical response. Low carnitine (20/26), high antigliadin antibodies (15/21), gluten-sensitivity HLA alleles (10/10), and zinc (2/2) and vitamin D deficiencies (4/7) were common abnormalities. Fat malabsorption was identified in 8 of 11 boys screened. Conclusion . We characterize a novel apraxia phenotype that responds to polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. The association of carnitine deficiency, gluten sensitivity/food allergy, and fat malabsorption with the apraxia phenotype suggests that a comprehensive metabolic workup is warranted. Appropriate screening may identify a subgroup of children with a previously unrecognized syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption who are responsive to nutritional interventions in addition to traditional speech and occupational therapy. Controlled trials in apraxia and autism spectrum disorders are warranted. (Altern Ther Health Med. 2009;15(4):34-43.) C1 [Morris, Claudia R.] Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr Oakland, Dept Emergency Med, Oakland, CA USA. [Agin, Marilyn C.] St Vincents Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Morris, CR (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Res Ctr Oakland, Dept Emergency Med, Oakland, CA USA. 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Ther. Health Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 633FY UT WOS:000280486400008 PM 19623831 ER PT J AU Silva, LMT Schalock, M Ayres, R Bunse, C Budden, S AF Silva, Louisa M. T. Schalock, Mark Ayres, Robert Bunse, Carol Budden, Sarojini TI Qigong Massage Treatment for Sensory and Self-Regulation Problems in Young Children With Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; child behavior disorders; early intervention (education); massage; self efficacy; sensation disorders ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POLYVAGAL THEORY; THERAPY; INTERVENTION; METHODOLOGY; IMPAIRMENT; HISTORY AB Autism is commonly associated with sensory and self-regulatory disturbances. This article presents a randomized controlled study evaluating the effect of a 5-month intervention directed toward improving sensory impairment, digestion, and sleep in 46 children with autism < age 6. The intervention, Qigong Sensory Training (QST),. is a qigong massage intervention based in Chinese medicine. It is two-pronged: Trainers work with children directly 20 times over 5 months, and parents give the massage daily to their children. Improvement was evaluated in two settings-preschool and home-by teachers (blind to group) and parents. Teacher evaluations showed that treated children had significant classroom improvement of social and language skills and reduction in autistic behavior compared with wait-list control participants. These findings were-confirmed by parent data, indicating that the gains had generalized across contexts. A model and supporting data for understanding and treating sensory and self-regulation problems in autism is presented. C1 [Silva, Louisa M. 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J. Occup. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 423 EP 432 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 474NN UT WOS:000268291000006 PM 19708471 ER PT J AU Dodds, ED Tassone, F Hagerman, PJ Lebrilla, CB AF Dodds, Eric D. Tassone, Flora Hagerman, Paul J. Lebrilla, Carlito B. TI Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nuclease Digestion, and Mass Spectrometry Based Assay for the Trinucleotide Repeat Status of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Gene SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME; ION ABUNDANCES; CGG REPEAT; PREMUTATION; FMR1; NEWBORN; ALLELES; DNA; PREVALENCE; CARRIERS AB CGG repeat expansions in the 5' noncoding region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) give rise to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative human diseases depending on the length of the expansion. Expansions beyond 200 repeats (full mutation) generally result in gene silencing and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable form of cognitive impairment and autism. Smaller expansions (55-200 CGG repeats; "premutation") give rise to the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) through an entirely distinct, toxic mRNA gain-of-function mechanism. A rapid means for both high-risk and newborn screening for allele size would provide a greater opportunity for early intervention and family counseling as well as furnish critical data on repeat size distribution and expanded allele frequencies. In the current work, we propose a novel mass spectrometry (MS) based method for the rapid identification of expanded CGG repeats to complement a recently described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for large population screening. In this combined approach, the optimized PCR method is used to amplify the relevant region of FMR1, followed by extensive nonspecific nuclease digestion. The resulting oligonucleotides are analyzed by MS in a manner that provides the relative proportion of triplet repeat oligonucleotides in seconds per sample. This assay enables swift and reproducible detection of expanded CGG alleles using a single blood spot and in principle is suitable for large scale studies and newborn screening. Moreover, this analytical scheme establishes a unique new intersection of MS with molecular biology, with potential for significant interdisciplinary impact. C1 [Tassone, Flora; Hagerman, Paul J.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dodds, Eric D.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hagerman, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhagerman@ucdavis.edu; cblebrilla@ucdavis.edu RI Dodds, Eric/G-4254-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [HD055510, AG24488, GM49077] FX E.D.D. extends thanks to Larry Lerno for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health grants HD055510 (F.T.), AG24488 (P.J.H.), and GM49077 (C.B.L.). 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Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 13 BP 5533 EP 5540 DI 10.1021/ac9008918 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 465TD UT WOS:000267609500058 PM 19514725 ER PT J AU Diehl, JJ Watson, D Bennetto, L Mcdonough, J Gunlogson, C AF Diehl, Joshua J. Watson, Duane Bennetto, Loisa Mcdonough, Joyce Gunlogson, Christine TI An acoustic analysis of prosody in high-functioning autism SO APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; REVISED VERSION; CHILDREN; SPEECH; INTONATION; ADULTS AB This paper examined the fundamental frequency variation in the narratives of individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and typical controls matched on age, IQ, and verbal abilities. Study I found increased fundamental frequency variation in the speech of 21 children and adolescents with HFA when compared to 21 typical controls. Study 2 replicated the findings from Study I with a younger sample of 17 children with HFA and 17 typical controls. In addition, Study I found evidence that acoustic measurements of prosody were related to clinical judgments of autism-specific communication impairments, although this was not replicated in Study 2. Taken together, these studies provide evidence for differences in expressive prosody in individuals with HFA that can be measured objectively. C1 [Diehl, Joshua J.] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Diehl, Joshua J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Watson, Duane] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Diehl, Joshua J.; Bennetto, Loisa; Mcdonough, Joyce; Gunlogson, Christine] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Diehl, JJ (reprint author), Haskins Labs Inc, 300 George St,Suite 900, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM joshua.diehl@yale.edu CR ALPERT M, 2001, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V66, P58 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Amorosa H., 1992, NONVERBAL VOCAL COMM, P192 Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 BALTAXE CAM, 1984, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V27, P97 Baltaxe C, 1992, HIGH FUNCTIONING IND, P201 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Boersma P., 2005, PRAAT DOING PHONETIC Capps I, 2000, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V28, P193 Diehl JJ, 2006, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V34, P87, DOI 10.1007/s10802-005-9003-x Dunn L. M., 1997, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA, V3rd Eisenmajer R, 1996, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V35, P1523, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199611000-00022 Fay W. H., 1980, EMERGING LANGUAGE AU FINE J, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P771, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01901.x Fosnot S. 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R., 1980, STRUCTURE INTONATION Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Lord C., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P195 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Mayer M., 1969, FROG ARE YOU McCann J, 2007, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V42, P682, DOI 10.1080/13682820601170102 McCann J, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P325, DOI 10.1080/1368282031000154204 McNeill D., 1992, HAND MIND WHAT GESTU Miller JN, 2000, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V109, P227, DOI 10.1037/0021-843X.109.2.227 NILSONNE A, 1988, J ACOUST SOC AM, V83, P716, DOI 10.1121/1.396114 PACCIA JM, 1982, J SPEECH HEAR RES, V25, P42 Paul R, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P861, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0031-8 Paul R, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P205, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-1999-9 Peppe S, 2003, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V17, P345, DOI 10.1080/0269920031000079994 Peppe S, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1015, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/071) PIERREHUMBERT J, 1990, SYS DEV FDN, P271 PROVONOST W, 1966, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V33, P19 Rapin I, 2003, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V25, P166, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00191-2 Rice ML, 2005, APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST, V26, P7, DOI 10.1017/S0142716405050034 Rutherford MD, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P189, DOI 10.1023/A:1015497629971 RUTTER M, 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Semel E, 1995, CLIN EVALUATION LANG, V3rd Setter J, 2007, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V21, P659, DOI 10.1080/02699200701539056 Shriberg L. D., 1990, PROSODY VOICE SCREEN Shriberg LD, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P1097, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/087) Siegel DJ, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P389, DOI 10.1007/BF02172825 Tager-Flusberg H., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P335 Tager-Flusberg H, 2001, INT REV RES MENT RET, V23, P185 Tager-Flusberg H, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P75, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018077.64617.5a Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P135, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00317.x WATSON DG, 2006, ONLINE METHODS INVES Wechsler D, 1997, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL, V3rd Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd Wells B, 2003, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V46, P5, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/001) Whittam LR, 2000, CLIN EXP DERMATOL, V25, P122 Young EC, 2005, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V36, P62, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2005/006) NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0142-7164 J9 APPL PSYCHOLINGUIST JI Appl. Psycholinguist. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.1017/S0142716409090201 PG 20 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 459UI UT WOS:000267135600001 ER PT J AU Sandhu, B Steer, C Golding, J Emond, A AF Sandhu, B. Steer, C. Golding, J. Emond, A. TI The early stool patterns of young children with autistic spectrum disorder SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS; INFANTS AB Aim: To investigate whether children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have bowel symptoms consistent with underlying enterocolitis. Methods: Information on children's stool patterns and gut symptoms collected by questionnaire at 4 weeks and at 6, 18, 30 and 42 months of age were available for 12 984 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Data on the 78 children identified by local health and/or education systems to have special educational provision for ASD were compared with the 12 906 remaining children in the cohort. Results: Comparison of the ASD and control group during the first 3.5 years of life showed no major differences in stool colour or consistency, or in frequency of diarrhoea, constipation, bloody stools or abdominal pain. The ASD children had similar stool frequency up to 18 months, but there was a trend for ASD children to pass more stools at 30 months (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.11 to 12.6; p = 0.004) and at 42 months (OR 6.46, 95% CI 1.83 to 22.7; p<0.001), although only three children passed more than 4 stools/day. Repeating the analysis on only those cases diagnosed as having classical childhood autism resulted in very similar findings. Conclusions: During the first 42 months of life, ASD children had a stool pattern that was very similar to that of other children, apart from a slight increase in stool frequency at 30 and 42 months. There were no symptoms to support the hypothesis that ASD children had enterocolitis. C1 [Sandhu, B.; Steer, C.; Golding, J.; Emond, A.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol BS6 6JS, Avon, England. RP Emond, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Hampton House, Bristol BS6 6JS, Avon, England. EM alan.emond@bristol.ac.uk CR Afzal N, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P939, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.4.939 Ahearn WH, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P505, DOI 10.1023/A:1012221026124 *AV LONG STUD PAR, WORK BETT LIF FUT GE Black C, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P419, DOI 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 Duman N, 2000, TURKISH J PEDIATR, V42, P138 Erickson CA, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P713, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0019-4 Golding J, 2001, PAEDIATR PERINAT EP, V15, P74 Horvath K, 1999, J PEDIATR-US, V135, P559, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70052-1 HYAMS JS, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P50 IBD Working Group of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, 2005, J PEDIAT GASTROENTER, V41, P1, DOI DOI 10.1097/01.MPG.0000163736.30261.82 Kuddo T, 2003, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V15, P339, DOI 10.1097/00008480-200306000-00020 Molloy CA, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P165, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002004 Sawczenko A, 2003, ARCH DIS CHILD, V88, P995, DOI 10.1136/adc.88.11.995 Schreck KA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P433, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000037419.78531.86 Sleigh G, 2004, ARCH DIS CHILD, V89, P534 Steer CD, 2009, ARCH DIS CHILD, V94, P231, DOI 10.1136/adc.2007.130849 Tham EBA, 1996, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V32, P504, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1996.tb00963.x VALICENTIMCDERM.M, 2006, DEV BEHAV PEDIAT, V27, P128 Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0 WAKEFIELD AJ, 2000, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V95, P2154 WEAVER LT, 1988, J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR, V7, P568, DOI 10.1097/00005176-198807000-00015 WILLIAMS E, 2008, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V50, P1 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 94 IS 7 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1136/adc.2008.148866 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 472HZ UT WOS:000268122500003 PM 19329445 ER PT J AU Neville, B AF Neville, B. TI A regional database for autism spectrum disorders SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Letter C1 UCL Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. RP Neville, B (reprint author), UCL Inst Child Hlth, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM b.neville@ich.ucl.ac.uk CR McConachie H, 2009, ARCH DIS CHILD, V94, P38, DOI 10.1136/adc.2007.126326 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 94 IS 7 BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 472HZ UT WOS:000268122500017 PM 19542070 ER PT J AU Smith, RA Farnworth, H Wright, B Allgar, V AF Smith, R. A. Farnworth, H. Wright, B. Allgar, V. TI Are there more bowel symptoms in children with autism compared to normal children and children with other developmental and neurological disorders? A case control study SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; bowel disorders; faddiness ID GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; INDOLYL-3-ACRYLOYLGLYCINE; ENTEROCOLITIS; MEASLES; MUMPS AB There is considerable controversy as to whether there is an association between bowel disorders and autism. Using a bowel symptom questionnaire we compared 51 children with autism spectrum disorder with control groups of 35 children from special school and 112 from mainstream school. There was a significant difference in the reporting of certain bowel symptoms ( constipation, diarrhoea, flatulence) and food faddiness between the autism group and the mainstream school control group. There was no significant difference between the autism group and children in the special schools except for faddiness, which is an autism specific symptom and not a bowel symptom. This study confirms previously reported findings of an increase in bowel symptoms in children with autism. It would appear, however, that this is not specifically associated with autism as bowel symptoms were reported in similar frequency to a comparison group of children with other developmental and neurological disorders. C1 [Smith, R. A.; Farnworth, H.; Wright, B.] York Hosp, York YO31 8HE, N Yorkshire, England. [Allgar, V.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), York Hosp, Wigginton Rd, York YO31 8HE, N Yorkshire, England. EM robert.a.smith@york.nhs.uk CR Afzal N, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V112, P939, DOI 10.1542/peds.112.4.939 Anthony A, 2000, GUT, V46, pA3 Black C, 2002, BRIT MED J, V325, P419, DOI 10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 Chen RT, 1998, LANCET, V351, P611, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78423-3 DEufemia P, 1996, ACTA PAEDIATR, V85, P1076, DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14220.x Fombonne E, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, part. no., DOI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e58 Furlano RI, 2001, J PEDIATR-US, V138, P366, DOI 10.1067/mpd.2001.111323 GOODWIN MS, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P48, DOI 10.1007/BF01537742 Horvath K, 1999, J PEDIATR-US, V135, P559, DOI 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70052-1 Horvath Karoly, 2002, Curr Gastroenterol Rep, V4, P251, DOI 10.1007/s11894-002-0071-6 HORVATH K, 2000, J PAEDIAT GASTROE S2, V31, pA112 Kuddo T, 2003, CURR OPIN PEDIATR, V15, P339, DOI 10.1097/00008480-200306000-00020 LIGHTDALE JR, 2001, CLIN PERSPECTIVES S2, V319, P56 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 LORD C, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V245, P659 MCCARTHY DM, 1979, LANCET, V2, P877 MELMED RD, 2000, J PEDIAT GASTROEN S2, V31, P56 Mills MJ, 1998, J CHROMATOGR B, V712, P51, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00153-4 Molloy CA, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P165, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002004 Pavone L, 1997, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V42, P72, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00267-9 REICHELT K-L, 1990, Journal of Applied Nutrition, V42, P1 REICHELT KL, 1990, BETACASOMORPHINS REL, P163 SHATTOCK P, 1990, Brain Dysfunction, V3, P328 Shattock Paul, 1991, Brain Dysfunction, V4, P323 Sullivan PB, 1997, BAILLIERE CLIN GASTR, V11, P529, DOI 10.1016/S0950-3528(97)90030-0 Taylor B, 2002, BRIT MED J, V324, P393, DOI 10.1136/bmj.324.7334.393 Torrente F, 2002, MOL PSYCHIATR, V7, P375, DOI 10.1038/sj/mp/4001077 Wakefield AJ, 1998, LANCET, V351, P637, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0 Wakefield AJ, 2000, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V95, P2285 WALKERSMITH JA, 1999, J PEDIATR, V135, P559 WEAVER LT, 1984, ARCH DIS CHILD, V59, P649 White JF, 2003, EXP BIOL MED, V228, P639 Wright B, 2005, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V47, P190, DOI 10.1017/S0012162205000344 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 4 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1177/1362361309106418 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 459JV UT WOS:000267098900002 PM 19535465 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LD Rice, CE Baio, J AF Wiggins, Lisa D. Rice, Catherine E. Baio, Jon TI Developmental regression in children with an autism spectrum disorder identified by a population-based surveillance system SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; early development; regression ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; HOME VIDEOTAPES; SPEECH LOSS; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; PHENOTYPE; INFANCY AB This study evaluated the phenomenon of autistic regression using population-based data. The sample comprised 285 children who met the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case definition within an ongoing surveillance program. Results indicated that children with a previously documented ASD diagnosis had higher rates of autistic regression than children who met the ASD surveillance definition but did not have a clearly documented ASD diagnosis in their records (17-26 percent of surveillance cases). Most children regressed around 24 months of age and boys were more likely to have documented regression than girls. Half of the children with regression had developmental concerns noted prior to the loss of skills. Moreover, children with autistic regression were more likely to show certain associated features, including cognitive impairment. These data indicate that some children with ASD experience a loss of skills in the first few years of life and may have a unique symptom profile. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Rice, Catherine E.; Baio, Jon] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), NCBDDD CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lwiggins@cdc.gov CR Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Bernabei P, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P580, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0201-3 CDC (Cent. Dis. 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The factors contributing to this are unclear. This study investigated how child characteristics influence maternal parenting stress and psychological distress. Participants consisted of mothers and developmental-age matched preschool-aged children with ASD (N = 51) and developmental delay without autism (DD) (N = 22). Evidence for higher levels of parenting stress and psychological distress was found in mothers in the ASD group compared to the DD group. Children's problem behavior was associated with increased parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers in the ASD and DD groups. This relationship was stronger in the DD group. Daily living skills were not related to parenting stress or psychological distress. Results suggest clinical services aiming to support parents should include a focus on reducing problem behaviors in children with developmental disabilities. 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The randomized controlled study (n = 10) employed a single subject comparison design in two different conditions, improvisational music therapy and toy play sessions, and DVD analysis of sessions. Improvisational music therapy produced markedly more and longer events of 'joy', 'emotional synchronicity' and 'initiation of engagement' behaviours in the children than toy play sessions. In response to the therapist's interpersonal demands,'compliant ( positive) responses' were observed more in music therapy than in toy play sessions, and 'no responses' were twice as frequent in toy play sessions as in music therapy. The results of this exploratory study found significant evidence supporting the value of music therapy in promoting social, emotional and motivational development in children with autism. C1 [Kim, Jinah] Jeonju Univ, Dept Arts Therapy, Coll Alternat Med, Jeonju 560759, South Korea. [Wigram, Tony] Univ Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark. [Gold, Christian] Unifob Hlth, Bergen, Norway. 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Gonzalez, David Hansen, Steve Elliott, Digby TI The role of vision for online control of manual aiming movements in persons with autism spectrum disorders SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE eye-hand coordination; reaching; saccade; visual feedback ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; GOAL-DIRECTED MOVEMENTS; EYE-HAND COORDINATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; OCULOMOTOR; CONNECTIVITY; ACTIVATION; FEEDBACK AB Recent studies suggest motor skills are not entirely spared in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous reports demonstrated that young adults with ASD were able to land accurately on a target despite increased temporal and spatial variability during their movement. This study explored how a group of adolescents and young adults with an ASD used vision and proprioception to land successfully on one of two targets. Participants performed eye movements and/or manual reaching movements, either with or without vision. Although eye movements were executed in a similar timeframe, participants with ASD took longer to plan and execute manual reaching movements. They also exhibited significantly greater variability during eye and hand movements, but were able to land on the target regardless of the vision condition. In general, individuals with autism used vision and proprioception. However, they took considerably more time to perform movements that required greater visual-proprioceptive integration. C1 [Glazebrook, Cheryl M.; Gonzalez, David] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Hansen, Steve; Elliott, Digby] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. RP Glazebrook, CM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys Therapy, 500 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. 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The current experiment sought to determine whether a local perceptual style could account for this. Participants with and without autism copied possible and impossible geometric figures. Geometric impossibility had a larger effect on drawing time for comparison participants than for those with autism. However, participants with autism did not use more localized drawing strategies. Strength of impossibility effect was associated with a global strategy amongst comparison participants but this relationship was not found amongst participants with autism. The findings suggest that differences in high-level conceptual processing may account for group differences in effects of impossibility. C1 [Sheppard, Elizabeth] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Sheppard, E (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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RI Crane, Laura/F-1928-2010 CR Ames C, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P389, DOI 10.1177/1362361307082394 Ashwin C, 2004, APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH, V18, P933, DOI 10.1002/acp.1060 ATTWOOD T, 1999, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G Bailey A, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P89, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x Bowler D, 2007, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO CHARMAN T, 2007, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Frith U., 2004, AUTISM MIND BRAIN Happe F, 2000, PSYCHOL MED, V30, P231, DOI 10.1017/S003329179921166X Jarrold C, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P113, DOI 10.1177/1362361307087843 MCGREGOR E, 2008, AUTISM AN INTEGRATED MORTON J, 2004, UNDERSTANDING DEV DI Volkmar FR, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.045_1.x WING L, 1999, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM GU NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 4 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 459JV UT WOS:000267098900008 ER PT J AU Rao, PA Beidel, DC AF Rao, Patricia A. Beidel, Deborah C. TI The Impact of Children With High-Functioning Autism on Parental Stress, Sibling Adjustment, and Family Functioning SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE high-functioning autism; parent stress; siblings; family ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MOTHERS; DEPRESSION; COMPETENCE; FATHERS; SUPPORT; HEALTH AB The article discuses a study conducted to investigate the impact of children with high-functioning autism (HFA) on parental stress, sibling adjustment, and family functioning; the study involves a sample of parents of 15 children with HFA and parents of 15 matched control children who completed questionnaires measuring the dependent variables. The results indicate parents of children with HFA experience significantly more parenting stress than parents of children with no psychological disorder, which was found to be directly related to characteristics of the children. The study further shows that the higher intellectual functioning in children with HFa does not compensate for the stress associated with parenting children with autism spectrum disorders. Because the intervention efforts directed at children with HFa will not eliminate the child's primary symptoms, treatment programs may need to address parental stress, which in turn will help optimize treatment outcome for the child and the family. C1 [Rao, Patricia A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. [Beidel, Deborah C.] Univ Cent Florida, Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Rao, PA (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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TI BITE SIZE AND TEXTURE ASSESSMENTS TO PRESCRIBE TREATMENT FOR SEVERE FOOD SELECTIVITY IN AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID DISABILITIES; CHILDREN AB Separate evaluations of bite size (amount of food on the spoon) and food texture were used to prescribe treatment changes in a feeding protocol for a 3-year-old male with autism and severe food selectivity. Each evaluation revealed distinct behavioral topographies, with an increase in disruptive behaviors associated with increased bite sizes and decreased swallowing and higher rates of gagging associated with higher textures. The results of each evaluation were used to successfully guide increases in volume and texture during therapeutic meals. Results highlight the importance of considering both aversion to food as well as oral motor skills when designing treatment for children with food selectivity. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sharp, William G.] Marcus Autism Ctr, Pediat Psychol & Feeding Disorders Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sharp, WG (reprint author), Marcus Autism Ctr, Pediat Psychol & Feeding Disorders Program, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM william.sharp@choa.org CR Ahearn WH, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P361, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-361 Ahearn WH, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P505, DOI 10.1023/A:1012221026124 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Institute of Medicine; National Academy of Sciences, 2002, DIET REF INT EN CARB KERWIN ME, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P245, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-245 Mash E. 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Harrison, Judith TI COMPUTER AIDED SELF-MONITORING TO INCREASE ACADEMIC PRODUCTION AND REDUCE SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR IN A CHILD WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID ON-TASK BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH; EDUCATION CLASSROOMS; DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MANAGEMENT; STUDENTS; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES AB Self-monitoring to increase the on-task behavior of students with learning disabilities has been the focus of numerous studies in the literature. This study examined the effectiveness of computer aided self-monitoring of academic task completion to reduce self-injurious behavior in a 13-year-old male student with autism. Using an ABAB design, data were collected over 22 sessions in a resource-reading classroom. Visual and statistical analyses indicated that when self-monitoring of activity completion was implemented, rates of completion increased and maladaptive behaviors such as self-injurious behavior and tantruming decreased. Discussion follows for implications for self-monitoring with students with autism. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Soares, Denise A.; Vannest, Kimberly J.; Harrison, Judith] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Soares, DA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Mail Stop 4225, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1002/bin.283 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 477MY UT WOS:000268524400003 ER PT J AU Tesink, CMJY Buitelaar, JK Petersson, KM van der Gaag, RJ Kan, CC Tendolkar, I Hagoort, P AF Tesink, C. M. J. Y. Buitelaar, J. K. Petersson, K. M. van der Gaag, R. J. Kan, C. C. Tendolkar, I. Hagoort, P. TI Neural correlates of pragmatic language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE autism; functional MRI; pragmatics; language comprehension; voice processing ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; DEFAULT-MODE; NARRATIVE COMPREHENSION; FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY; CORTICAL ORGANIZATION; SEMANTIC AMBIGUITY; BRAIN ACTIVATION AB Difficulties with pragmatic aspects of communication are universal across individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we focused on an aspect of pragmatic language comprehension that is relevant to social interaction in daily life: the integration of speaker characteristics inferred from the voice with the content of a message. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neural correlates of the integration of voice-based inferences about the speaker's age, gender or social background, and sentence content in adults with ASD and matched control participants. Relative to the control group, the ASD group showed increased activation in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG; Brodmann area 47) for speaker-incongruent sentences compared to speaker-congruent sentences. Given that both groups performed behaviourally at a similar level on a debriefing interview outside the scanner, the increased activation in RIFG for the ASD group was interpreted as being compensatory in nature. It presumably reflects spill-over processing from the language dominant left hemisphere due to higher task demands faced by the participants with ASD when integrating speaker characteristics and the content of a spoken sentence. Furthermore, only the control group showed decreased activation for speaker-incongruent relative to speaker-congruent sentences in right ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC; Brodmann area 10), including right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Brodmann area 24/32). Since vMPFC is involved in self-referential processing related to judgments and inferences about self and others, the absence of such a modulation in vMPFC activation in the ASD group possibly points to atypical default self-referential mental activity in ASD. Our results show that in ASD compensatory mechanisms are necessary in implicit, low-level inferential processes in spoken language understanding. This indicates that pragmatic language problems in ASD are not restricted to high-level inferential processes, but encompass the most basic aspects of pragmatic language processing. C1 [Tesink, C. M. J. Y.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Tesink, C. M. J. Y.; Buitelaar, J. K.; van der Gaag, R. J.; Kan, C. C.; Tendolkar, I.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Dept Psychiat, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Buitelaar, J. K.; van der Gaag, R. J.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Petersson, K. M.; Hagoort, P.] Max Planck Inst Psycholinguist, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Tesink, CMJY (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM c.tesink@donders.ru.nl RI Tendolkar, Indira/F-1167-2010; Hagoort, Peter/B-7417-2012; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; GNC, GNC/B-5716-2013; Petersson, Karl Magnus/E-8188-2012; Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; Petersson, Karl Magnus/0000-0002-8245-0392; CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Amodio DM, 2006, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V7, P268, DOI 10.1038/nrn1884 Amunts K, 2000, NEUROIMAGE, V11, P66, DOI 10.1006/nimg.1999.0516 Boddaert N, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P2057, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.2057 Bookheimer S, 2002, ANNU REV NEUROSCI, V25, P151, DOI 10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142946 BRETT M, 2002, REGION INTEREST ANAL, P16 Buckner RL, 2008, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1124, P1, DOI 10.1196/annals.1440.011 Dapretto M, 1999, NEURON, V24, P427, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80855-7 Dimitrov M, 1999, NEUROCASE, V5, P345, DOI 10.1080/13554799908411987 Eickhoff SB, 2005, NEUROIMAGE, V25, P1325, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034 Ferstl EC, 2005, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V17, P724, DOI 10.1162/0898929053747658 Friston KJ, 1994, HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, V2, P189, DOI DOI 10.1002/HBM.460020402 Gaffrey MS, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P1672, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.008 Gervais H, 2004, NAT NEUROSCI, V7, P801, DOI 10.1038/nn1291 Greicius MD, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P1484, DOI 10.1162/0898929042568532 Gusnard DA, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P4259, DOI 10.1073/pnas.071043098 Gusnard DA, 2001, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V2, P685, DOI 10.1038/35094500 Hagoort P, 2004, SCIENCE, V304, P438, DOI 10.1126/science.1095455 Hagoort P, 2007, PHILOS T R SOC B, V362, P801, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2089 Hagoort P, 2005, TRENDS COGN SCI, V9, P416, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.004 HAPPE FGE, 1993, COGNITION, V48, P101, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(93)90026-R Harris GJ, 2006, BRAIN COGNITION, V61, P54, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.015 Hickok G, 2007, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V8, P393, DOI 10.1038/nrn2113 Hickok G, 2000, TRENDS COGN SCI, V4, P131, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01463-7 Hirschfeld L, 2007, CURR BIOL, V17, pR451, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.051 Iacoboni M, 2006, TRENDS COGN SCI, V10, P431, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.08.002 Jenkins AC, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P4507, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0708785105 Just MA, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P114, DOI 10.1126/science.274.5284.114 Just MA, 2004, BRAIN, V127, P1811, DOI 10.1093/brain/awh199 Kelley WM, 2002, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V14, P785, DOI 10.1162/08989290260138672 Kennedy DP, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P8275, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0600674103 Kuperberg GR, 2006, NEUROIMAGE, V33, P343, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.001 Lancaster JL, 2000, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V10, P120, DOI 10.1002/1097-0193(200007)10:3<120::AID-HBM30>3.0.CO;2-8 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Mai JK, 2004, ATLAS HUMAN BRAIN Mason RA, 2008, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V46, P269, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.018 MENENTI L, 2009, J COGN NEUR IN PRESS Milne E, 2001, J NEUROSCI, V21 Mitchell JP, 2006, NEURON, V50, P655, DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.03.040 Mitchell JP, 2005, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V17, P1306, DOI 10.1162/0898929055002418 Muller RA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P19, DOI 10.1023/A:1025914515203 Noens ILJ, 2005, J COMMUN DISORD, V38, P123, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.06.002 Ozonoff S, 1996, BRAIN LANG, V52, P411, DOI 10.1006/brln.1996.0022 Price CJ, 2002, NEUROCASE, V8, P345, DOI 10.1093/neucas/8.5.345 Raichle ME, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P676, DOI 10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 Robertson DA, 2000, PSYCHOL SCI, V11, P255, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00251 Rodd JM, 2005, CEREB CORTEX, V15, P1261, DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhi009 Shulman GL, 1997, CEREB CORTEX, V7, P193, DOI 10.1093/cercor/7.3.193 St George M, 1999, BRAIN, V122, P1317, DOI 10.1093/brain/122.7.1317 Tager-Flusberg H., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P335 Tager-Flusberg H, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P303, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1198 TESINK CMJ, 2009, J COGN NEUR IN PRESS Van Dijk T. 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J. Dev. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 55 IS 109 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 482FB UT WOS:000268868800006 ER PT J AU Gardener, H Spiegelman, D Buka, SL AF Gardener, Hannah Spiegelman, Donna Buka, Stephen L. TI Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID INFANTILE-AUTISM; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERINATAL FACTORS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEONATAL FACTORS; MATERNAL AGE; BIRTH COMPLICATIONS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; PATERNAL AGE AB Background The aetiology of autism is unknown, although prenatal exposures have been the focus of epidemiological research for over 40 years. AIMS To provide the first quantitative review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal pregnancy complications and pregriancy-related factors and risk of autism. Method PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for epidemiological studies that examined the association between pregnancy-related factors and autism. Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Summary effect estimates were calculated for factors examined in multiple studies. Results over 50 prenatal factors have been examined. The factors associated with autism risk in the meta-analysis were advanced parental age at birth, maternal prenatal medication use, bleeding, gestational diabetes, being first born v. third or later, and having a mother born abroad. The factors with the strongest evidence against a role in autism risk included previous fetal loss and maternal hypertension, proteinuria, pre-eclampsia and swelling. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to implicate any one prenatal factor in autism aetiology, although there is some evidence to suggest that exposure to pregnancy complications may increase the risk. 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Work PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 982 EP 983 DI 10.1093/bjsw/bcp074 PG 2 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 472GA UT WOS:000268117000020 ER PT J AU Ouellette-Kuntz, HMJ Coo, H Lam, M Yu, CT Breitenbach, MM Hennessey, PE Holden, JJA Brown, HK Noonan, AL Gauthier, RB Crews, LR AF Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene M. J. Coo, Helen Lam, Miu Yu, C. T. Breitenbach, Marlene M. Hennessey, Paula E. Holden, Jeanette J. A. Brown, Hilary K. Noonan, Andrea L. Gauthier, Robert B. Crews, Lori R. TI Age at Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Four Regions of Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article DE Autism; autism spectrum disorders; early identification; age at diagnosis ID FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; TIME AB Objectives: Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders ("autism") may lead to better treatment outcomes, reduces the stress parents experience when they do not understand the reasons for their child's behaviour, and empowers parents to make choices such as seeking genetic counseling. We examined the age at which Canadian children are diagnosed with autism, and analyzed whether there are geographic or temporal variations or differences by sex or diagnostic subtype. Methods: As part of an autism surveillance program, in 2002/2003 we began collecting information on children with autism in Manitoba, Southeastern Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. For the analysis presented in this paper, we included children identified for our surveillance program who were diagnosed between 1997 and 2005 (n = 769). Results: We found significant inter-regional differences in age at diagnosis, with Newfoundland and Labrador having the lowest median age at diagnosis (39.0 months) and Southeastern Ontario the highest (55.0 months). Diagnostic subtype was significantly associated with age at diagnosis in all regions. Southeastern Ontario was the only region where the overall age at diagnosis increased over time (p = 0.004), although in Manitoba the age at which children were diagnosed with PDD-NOS also increased significantly over the study period (p = 0.021). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that there are geographic differences and other sources of variation in the age at which Canadian children are diagnosed with autism. Further study is warranted to understand the factors contributing to these differences. Such research would inform best practices for early detection and timely access to treatment. C1 [Ouellette-Kuntz, Helene M. J.; Coo, Helen; Lam, Miu; Brown, Hilary K.] Queens Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. [Yu, C. T.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Breitenbach, Marlene M.] Dept Educ & Early Childhood Dev, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. [Hennessey, Paula E.] Dept Hlth & Community Serv, St John, NF, Canada. [Holden, Jeanette J. A.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. [Noonan, Andrea L.] Dept Social Serv & Seniors, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. [Gauthier, Robert B.; Crews, Lori R.] Dept Educ, St John, NF, Canada. RP Ouellette-Kuntz, HMJ (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, 191 Portsmouth Ave, Kingston, ON K7M 8A6, Canada. 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Psychiatr. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 645 EP + DI 10.1016/j.chc.2009.02.002 PG 20 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 463LD UT WOS:000267432800010 ER PT J AU Kao, B Plante, W Lobato, D AF Kao, B. Plante, W. Lobato, D. TI The use of the Impact on Sibling scale with families of children with chronic illness and developmental disability SO CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE childhood chronic illness; family; siblings AB This study evaluated the Impact on Sibling scale, a six-item measure of parents' perception of the effects of a child's illness on healthy siblings. Participants were 122 parents of a child with chronic illness, developmental disability, or autism spectrum disorder, and a well sibling aged 4-13 years. Parents completed the Impact on Sibling scale and the Child Behavior Checklist about the sibling, and completed the revised Impact on Family scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory about themselves. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00944.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA 454PN UT WOS:000266694800010 PM 19250252 ER PT J AU Hoehl, S Reid, VM Parise, E Handl, A Palumbo, L Striano, T AF Hoehl, Stefanie Reid, Vincent M. Parise, Eugenio Handl, Andrea Palumbo, Letizia Striano, Tricia TI Looking at Eye Gaze Processing and Its Neural Correlates in Infancy-Implications for Social Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; JOINT ATTENTION SKILLS; GOAL-DIRECTED ACTION; FACE RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; VISUAL-ATTENTION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BRAIN; PERCEPTION AB The importance of eye gaze as a means of communication is indisputable. However, there is debate about whether there is a dedicated neural module, which functions as an eye gaze detector and when infants are able to use eye gaze cues in a referential way. 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TI Interindividual Differences in Neonatal Imitation and the Development of Action Chains in Rhesus Macaques SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; VENTRAL PREMOTOR CORTEX; CORTICAL MOTOR SYSTEM; MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; TONGUE PROTRUSION; INFANT MONKEYS; PARIETAL LOBE; AUTISM; MECHANISMS; ORGANIZATION AB The capacity to imitate facial gestures is highly variable in rhesus macaques and this variability may be related to differences in specific neurobehavioral patterns of development. This study evaluated the differential neonatal imitative response of 41 macaques in relation to the development of sensory, motor, and cognitive skills throughout the 1st month of life. The results show that infants who imitate facial gestures display more developed skills in goal-directed movements (reaching-grasping and fine hand motor control) than nonimitators. 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SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EYE GAZE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; RECOGNITION; AMYGDALA; EMOTION; ADULTS AB Two experiments investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) integrate relevant communicative signals, such as gaze direction, when decoding a facial expression. In Experiment 1, typically developing children (9-14 years old; n = 14) were faster at detecting a facial expression accompanying a gaze direction with a congruent motivational tendency (i.e., an avoidant facial expression with averted eye gaze) than those with an incongruent motivational tendency. Children with ASD (9-14 years old; n = 14) were not affected by the gaze direction of facial stimuli. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2, which presented only the eye region of the face to typically developing children (n = 10) and children with ASD (n = 10). 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1146 PG 13 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 471IV UT WOS:000268051200013 PM 19630898 ER PT J AU Al-Mosalem, OA El-Ansary, A Attas, O Al-Ayadhi, L AF Al-Mosalem, O. A. El-Ansary, A. Attas, O. Al-Ayadhi, L. TI Metabolic biomarkers related to energy metabolism in Saudi autistic children SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Energy metabolism; Na(+)/K(+)ATPase; Creatine kinase; Ectonucleotidases; Adenylate energy charged; Lactate ID CREATINE-KINASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN; ASTROCYTES; LACTATE; ACTIVATION; SERUM; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; SEROTONIN AB Objectives: Energy metabolism is usually manipulated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Autism is considered a definable systemic disorder resulting in a number of diverse factors that may affect the brain development and functions both pre and post natal. The increased prevalence of autism will have enormous future public implications and has stimulated intense research into potential etiologic factors. This study aims to establish a connection between autism and the deterioration accompanied it, especially in the brain cognitive areas through a postulation of energy manipulation. Materials and methods: The biochemical changes in activities of enzymes and pathways that participate in the production of ATP as the most important high-energy compound needed by the human brain were measured in Saudi autistic children. Na(+)/K(+)ATPase, ectonucleotidases (NTPDases) (ADPase and ATPase) and creatine kinase (CK), were assessed in plasma of 30 Saudi autistic patients and compared to 30 age-matching control samples. In addition, adenosine mono, di and trinucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) were measured calorimetrically in the red blood cells of both groups and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) was calculated. Moreover, lactate concentration in plasma of both groups was monitored. Results: The obtained data recorded 148.77% and 72.35% higher activities of Na(+)K(+)ATPase and CK respectively in autistic patients which prove the impairment of energy metabolism in these children compared to age and sex matching healthy controls. While ADPase was significantly higher in autistic patients, ATPase were non-significantly elevated compared to control. In spite of the significant increase of Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity in autistic patients, there was no significant difference in the levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP in both groups and the calculated AEC values were 0.814 +/- 0.094 and 0.806 +/- 0.081 for autistic and control groups respectively. The unchanged AEC value in autistic patients was easily correlated with the induced activity of CK and ADPase as two enzymes playing a critical role in the stabilization of AEC. Lactate as an important energy metabolite for the brain was significantly higher in autistic patients compared to control showing about 40% increase. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the impairment of energy metabolism in Saudi autistic patients which could be correlated to the oxidative stress previously recorded in the same investigated samples. The identification of biochemical markers related to autism would be advantageous for earlier clinical diagnosis and intervention. (c) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Mosalem, O. A.; El-Ansary, A.; Attas, O.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, L.] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Autism Res & Treatment Ctr, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. RP El-Ansary, A (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, POB 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. 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Biochem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 42 IS 10-11 BP 949 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.04.006 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 461NN UT WOS:000267274300003 PM 19376103 ER PT J AU Al-Gadani, Y Ei-Ansary, A Attas, O Al-Ayadhi, L AF Al-Gadani, Y. EI-Ansary, A. Attas, O. Al-Ayadhi, L. TI Metabolic biomarkers related to oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Saudi autistic children SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant status; Lipid peroxides; Vitamin E; Vitamin C; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Catalase; Superoxide dismutase ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; ASCORBIC-ACID; APOPTOSIS AB Objective: Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant-related parameters (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) in Saudi autistic children. Design and methods: 30 autistic children (22 males and 8 females) aged 3-15 years (25/30 of these were below 8 years old), and 30 healthy children as control group were included in this study. Levels of lipid peroxides, vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione together with enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were determined in plasma while superoxide dismutase (SOD was measured in red blood cells of both groups. Results: Lipid peroxidation was found to be significantly higher in autistic compared to control Saudi children. On the other hand, vitamin E and glutathione were remarkably lower in autistic patients while vitamin C shows non-significant lower values. Regarding the enzymatic antioxidants, both glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in autistic compared to control while catalase recorded more or less similar activities in both groups. Conclusion: Saudi autistic children are under H(2)O(2) stress due to GSH depletion, over expression of SOD together with the unchanged catalase enzyme. This could be helpful in the early diagnosis of young autistic patients and suggesting the possibility of antioxidant supplementation for the early intervention with autistic children. (c) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Gadani, Y.; EI-Ansary, A.; Attas, O.] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Ayadhi, L.] King Saud Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Autism Res & Treatment Unit, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. RP Ei-Ansary, A (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biochem, POB 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia. 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Biochem. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 42 IS 10-11 BP 1032 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.011 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 461NN UT WOS:000267274300016 PM 19306862 ER PT J AU Emck, C Bosscher, R Beek, P Doreleijers, T AF Emck, Claudia Bosscher, Ruud Beek, Peter Doreleijers, Theo TI Gross motor performance and self-perceived motor competence in children with emotional, behavioural, and pervasive developmental disorders: a review SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SWEDISH 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; COORDINATION DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POSTURAL CONTROL; AUTISM; ADHD AB Motor performance and self-perceived motor competence have a great impact on the psychosocial development of children in general. In this review, empirical studies of gross motor performance and self-perception of motor competence in children with emotional (depression and anxiety), behavioural, and pervasive developmental disorders are scrutinized, with the objective of identifying specific motor characteristics that may be relevant to clinical practice. A systematic search of studies published between 1997 and 2007 was performed using nine search engines. Children in all three categories (emotional, behavioural, and pervasive developmental disorders) exhibit poor gross motor performance and problematic self-perception of motor competence, with certain indications of disorder-specific characteristics. 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Peterson-Badali, Michele TI Troubled Meditations on Psychosexual Differentiation: Reply to Hegarty (2009) SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE gender identity disorder; psychosexual differentiation; sexual orientation; gender role ID GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; ATYPICAL BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; AUTISM; NONCONFORMITY; ADJUSTMENT; GAY AB P. Hegarty (2009) offered several critiques of the articles by G. Rieger, J. A. W. Linsenmeier, L. Gygax, and J. M. Bailey (2008) and K. D. Drummond, S. J. Bradley, M. Peterson-Badali, and K. J. Zucker (2008) that were published in a Developmental Psychology special section entitled "Sexual Orientation Across the Lifespan," guest-edited by C. J. Patterson and R. C. Savin-Williams (2008): (a) reliance on a "disease paradigm" (i.e., the use of "medicalizing" language) of lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender issues at the expense of a "stigma paradigm," (b) endorsement of a developmental linkage between childhood sex-typed behavior and later gender identity-sexual orientation, and (c) various sociophilosophical and applied matters pertaining to the diagnosis of gender identity disorder in children. In this reply, we address these 3 criticisms and argue that an interdisciplinary approach, informed by multiple paradigms, will most certainly facilitate, not impede, the discovery of answers to many questions about psychosexual development for which data are currently lacking. C1 [Zucker, Kenneth J.; Bradley, Susan J.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Gender Ident Serv, Child Youth & Family Program, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. 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TI Slow echo: facial EMG evidence for the delay of spontaneous, but not voluntary, emotional mimicry in children with autism spectrum disorders SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; EXPRESSIONS; IMITATION; BEHAVIOR; DEFICITS; INFANTS; BRAIN; FACE; NEUROSCIENCE AB Spontaneous mimicry, including that of emotional facial expressions, is important for socio-emotional skills such as empathy and communication. Those skills are often impacted in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Successful mimicry requires not only the activation of the response, but also its appropriate speed. Yet, previous studies examined ASD differences in only response magnitude. The current study investigated timing and magnitude of spontaneous and voluntary mimicry in ASD children and matched controls using facial electromyography (EMG). First, participants viewed and recognized happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust and neutral expressions presented at different durations. Later, participants voluntarily mimicked the expressions. There were no group differences on emotion recognition and amplitude of expression-appropriate EMG activity. However, ASD participants' spontaneous, but not voluntary, mimicry activity was delayed by about 160 ms. This delay occurred across different expressions and presentation durations. We relate these findings to the literature on mirroring and temporal dynamics of social interaction. C1 [Oberman, Lindsay M.; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.] UC San Diego, Ctr Brain & Cognit, San Diego, CA USA. [Oberman, Lindsay M.; Winkielman, Piotr; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.] UC San Diego, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. [Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.] UC San Diego, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA USA. RP Oberman, LM (reprint author), 330 Brookline Ave,Kirstein Bldg,KS 158, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 510 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00796.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 456CB UT WOS:000266814900005 PM 19635079 ER PT J AU Russo, N Nicol, T Trommer, B Zecker, S Kraus, N AF Russo, Nicole Nicol, Trent Trommer, Barbara Zecker, Steve Kraus, Nina TI Brainstem transcription of speech is disrupted in children with autism spectrum disorders SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-FOLLOWING RESPONSES; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; LEARNING-PROBLEMS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMPLEX SOUNDS; PERCEPTION; PITCH; REPRESENTATION AB Language impairment is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The origin of the deficit is poorly understood although deficiencies in auditory processing have been detected in both perception and cortical encoding of speech sounds. Little is known about the processing and transcription of speech sounds at earlier (brainstem) levels or about how background noise may impact this transcription process. Unlike cortical encoding of sounds, brainstem representation preserves stimulus features with a degree of fidelity that enables a direct link between acoustic components of the speech syllable (e.g. onsets) to specific aspects of neural encoding (e.g. waves V and A). We measured brainstem responses to the syllable /da/, in quiet and background noise, in children with and without ASD. Children with ASD exhibited deficits in both the neural synchrony (timing) and phase locking (frequency encoding) of speech sounds, despite normal click-evoked brainstem responses. They also exhibited reduced magnitude and fidelity of speech-evoked responses and inordinate degradation of responses by background noise in comparison to typically developing controls. Neural synchrony in noise was significantly related to measures of core and receptive language ability. These data support the idea that abnormalities in the brainstem processing of speech contribute to the language impairment in ASD. Because it is both passively elicited and malleable, the speech-evoked brainstem response may serve as a clinical tool to assess auditory processing as well as the effects of auditory training in the ASD population. C1 [Russo, Nicole; Nicol, Trent; Zecker, Steve; Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci, Auditory Neurosci Lab, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Russo, Nicole; Trommer, Barbara; Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Interdept Neurosci Program, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Trommer, Barbara] Northwestern Univ, Dept Pediat, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Trommer, Barbara] Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurol, Feinberg Sch Med, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Trommer, Barbara] Evanston NW Healthcare Ctr Neurodev Disabil, Evanston, IL USA. [Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kraus, Nina] Northwestern Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kraus, N (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Commun Sci, Auditory Neurosci Lab, 2240 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 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Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00790.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 456CB UT WOS:000266814900009 PM 19635083 ER PT J AU Kohls, G Peltzer, J Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Konrad, K AF Kohls, Gregor Peltzer, Judith Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Konrad, Kerstin TI Differential effects of social and non-social reward on response inhibition in children and adolescents SO DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COGNITIVE CONTROL; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; EMOTION REGULATION; BEHAVIORAL-INHIBITION; DEPRESSED ADOLESCENTS; INTEGRATIVE THEORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TASK-PERFORMANCE; ANTISACCADE TASK AB An important issue in the field of clinical and developmental psychopathology is whether cognitive control processes, such as response inhibition, can be specifically enhanced by motivation. To determine whether non-social (i.e. monetary) and social (i.e. positive facial expressions) rewards are able to differentially improve response inhibition accuracy in typically developing children and adolescents, an 'incentive' go/no-go task was applied with reward contingencies for successful inhibition. In addition, the impact of children's personality traits (such as reward seeking and empathy) on monetary and social reward responsiveness was assessed in 65 boys, ages 8 to 12 years. All subjects were tested twice: At baseline, inhibitory control was assessed without reward, and then subjects were pseudorandomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions, including (1) social reward only, (2) monetary reward only, (3) mixed social and monetary reward, or (4) a retest condition without reward. Both social and non-social reward significantly improved task performance, although larger effects were observed for monetary reward. 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TI ORIGINS OF EPILEPSY IN FRAGILE X SYNDROME SO EPILEPSY CURRENTS LA English DT Review ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; MOUSE MODEL; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; EPILEPTIFORM DISCHARGES; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MGLUR; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA AB Fragile X syndrome is the leading heritable form of cognitive impairment and the leading known monogenic disorder associated with autism. Roughly one-quarter of children with this disorder have seizures, most of which are relatively benign and are resolved beyond childhood. Because of the prevalence of fragile X syndrome, numerous animal models have been developed and electrophysiological studies have taken place to investigate its pathogenesis. The investigations have yielded a wealth of information regarding the synaptic dysfunction that underlies the hyperexcitability and epileptiform features associated with this disorder. 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PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01309.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 652JD UT WOS:000281999400007 PM 19693328 ER PT J AU Cortese, S Konofal, E Bernardina, BD Mouren, MC Lecendreux, M AF Cortese, Samuele Konofal, Eric Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla Mouren, Marie-Christine Lecendreux, Michel TI Sleep disturbances and serum ferritin levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE ADHD; sleep; iron deficiency ID RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; IRON-DEFICIENCY; BRAIN IRON; AUTISM; ADHD AB A subset of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with impairing sleep disturbances. While preliminary evidence suggests that iron deficiency might be involved into the pathophysiology of daytime ADHD symptoms, no research has been conducted to explore the relationship between iron deficiency and sleep disturbances in patients with ADHD. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum ferritin levels and parent reports of sleep disturbances in a sample of children with ADHD. Subjects: Sixty-eight consecutively referred children (6-14 years) with ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria using the semi-structured interview Kiddie-SADS-PL. Measures: parents filled out the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). Serum ferritin levels were determined using the Tinaquant method. Compared to children with serum ferritin levels a parts per thousand yen45 A mu g/l, those with serum ferritin levels < 45 A mu g/l had significantly higher scores on the SDSC subscale "Sleep wake transition disorders" (SWTD) (P = 0.042), which includes items on abnormal movements in sleep, as well as significantly higher scores on the CPRS-ADHD index (P = 0.034). The mean scores on the other SDSC subscales did not significantly differ between children with serum ferritin a parts per thousand yen45 and < 45 A mu g/l. Serum ferritin levels were inversely correlated to SWTD scores (P = 0.043). Serum ferritin levels < 45 A mu g/l might indicate a risk for sleep wake transition disorders, including abnormal sleep movements, in children with ADHD. Our results based on questionnaires set the basis for further actigraphic and polysomnographic studies on nighttime activity and iron deficiency in ADHD. Research in this field may suggest future trials of iron supplementation (possibly in association with ADHD medications) for abnormal sleep motor activity in children with ADHD. C1 [Cortese, Samuele] Hop Robert Debre, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, F-75019 Paris, France. [Cortese, Samuele; Konofal, Eric; Mouren, Marie-Christine; Lecendreux, Michel] Univ Paris 07, Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Child & Adolescent Psychopathol Unit, Paris, France. [Cortese, Samuele; Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla] Univ Verona, GB Rossi Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Mother Child & Biol Genet, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Konofal, Eric; Lecendreux, Michel] Hop Robert Debre, Pediat Sleep Disorders Ctr, F-75019 Paris, France. [Konofal, Eric] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Paris, France. RP Cortese, S (reprint author), Hop Robert Debre, Serv Psychopathol Enfant & Adolescent, 48 Blvd Serurier, F-75019 Paris, France. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 393 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00787-009-0746-8 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 437YO UT WOS:000265523000001 PM 19205783 ER PT J AU Wachtel, LE Contrucci-Kuhn, SA Griffin, M Thompson, A Dhossche, DM Reti, IM AF Wachtel, Lee E. Contrucci-Kuhn, Stephanie A. Griffin, Merrie Thompson, Ainsley Dhossche, Dirk M. Reti, Irving M. TI ECT for self-injury in an autistic boy SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE self-injury; autism; ECT; mental retardation; catatonia ID PATIENTS RECEIVING ECT; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ELECTROCONVULSIVE-THERAPY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MEDICATION TREATMENT; PROBLEM BEHAVIORS; CATATONIA; GIRL; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; ADULTS AB Self-injurious behavior presents a significant challenge in autism, and first-line psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions have limited efficacy in some patients. These intractable cases may be responsive to electroconvulsive therapy. This article presents an eight-year-old boy with autism, mental retardation, prominent mood lability and a five-year history of extreme self-injurious behavior towards his head, averaging 109 self-injurious attempts hourly. The patient was at high risk for serious head trauma, and required usage of bilateral arm restraints and protective equipment (i.e., padding on shoulders, arms, and legs). All areas of daily functioning were profoundly impacted by dangerous self-injury. Fifteen bilateral ECT treatments resulted in excellent mood stabilization and reduction of self-injury to 19 attempts hourly, and maintenance ECT was pursued. The patient was able to return to developmentally-appropriate educational and social activities. ECT should be considered in the treatment algorithm of refractory cases of severe self-injury in autism. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 458 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s00787-009-0754-8 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 437YO UT WOS:000265523000008 PM 19198918 ER PT J AU Ballarati, L Recalcati, MP Bedeschi, MF Lalatta, F Valtorta, C Bellini, M Finelli, P Larizza, L Giardino, D AF Ballarati, Lucia Recalcati, Maria Paola Bedeschi, Maria Francesca Lalatta, Faustina Valtorta, Chiara Bellini, Melissa Finelli, Palma Larizza, Lidia Giardino, Daniela TI Cytogenetic, FISH and array-CGH characterization of a complex chromosomal rearrangement carried by a mentally and language impaired patient SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR); Array-CGH; Cryptic imbalances; CNTNAP5; Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) ID NEUREXIN SUPERFAMILY; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; TRANSLOCATIONS; BREAKPOINTS; DELETION; AUTISM; GENE; RETARDATION; DELINEATION AB We describe a patient with an abnormal phenotype and a de novo CCR consisting of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes I and 15 and an insertion of an interstitial segment from chromosome 2 within chromosome 1. The CCR was studied by QFQ banding and FISH. The apparently balanced rearrangement was further investigated with array-CGH, that uncovered three cryptic deletions on chromosome 2q. By means of BAC-FISH two deletions were located at the breakpoints of the insertion, at 2q14.3 and 2q31.2, and one at 2q22.2, in the region of 2q translocated on derivative 1. Consequently, in silico analysis of the deleted regions was performed. Among deleted genes, particularly interesting seems to be CNTNAP5, encoding a member of the neurexin superfamily. The three mouse orthologues are highly expressed in adult brain tissues. We speculate that loss of CNTNAP5 might contribute to the developmental language delay of this patient, similar to CNTNAP2, another member of the same protein family, whose alterations have been recently associated with delay in the age at first word in autistic patients. At clinical patient's evaluation, a Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) like appearance was noted. The disease is caused by mutation or deletion of ZEB2 gene, located in our patient 794 Kb distally to the 2q22.2 deletion, in the chromosome 2 segment inserted into the derivative 1. The loss of the gene has been excluded by the array-CGH results, but its proximity to the deleted segment and/or its insertion in a different genetic context might influence and consequently impair its expression. Our study confirms that array-CGH is a precious method to identify cryptic imbalances in CCR carriers and underlie the essential role of BAC-FISH as second step of analysis to assess the reciprocal position of the chromosomal segments involved in CCRs and the exact mapping of the imbalances. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Ballarati, Lucia; Recalcati, Maria Paola; Valtorta, Chiara; Finelli, Palma; Larizza, Lidia; Giardino, Daniela] Ist Auxol Italiano, IRCCS, Lab Citogenet Med & Genet Mol, Milan, Italy. [Bedeschi, Maria Francesca; Lalatta, Faustina] Osped Maggiore, UOS Dipartimentale Genet Med, Policlin Mangiagalli & Regina Elena,Fdn IRCCS, Dip Area Salute Donna, Milan, Italy. [Bellini, Melissa; Larizza, Lidia] Univ Milan, Dip Med Chirurg & Odontoiatria, Milan, Italy. [Finelli, Palma] Univ Milan, Dip Biol & Genet Sci Med, Milan, Italy. RP Ballarati, L (reprint author), Ist Auxol Italiano, IRCCS, Lab Citogenet Med & Genet Mol, Milan, Italy. 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We report two children with apparent CDD, who showed amelioration of behaviour, language and motor regression after corticosteroid treatment. (C) 2008 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mordekar, Santosh R.; Baxter, Peter S.] Ryegate Childrens Ctr, Sheffield S10 5RS, S Yorkshire, England. [Prendergast, Michael] Birmingham Childrens Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Chattopadhyay, Arup K.] Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. RP Mordekar, SR (reprint author), Ryegate Childrens Ctr, Tapton Crescent Rd, Sheffield S10 5RS, S Yorkshire, England. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 13 IS 4 BP 367 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.06.001 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 465WS UT WOS:000267620800012 PM 18625572 ER PT J AU Guo, S AF Guo, Su TI Using zebrafish to assess the impact of drugs on neural development and function SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Review DE addiction; Alzheimer's disease; anxiety/depression; autism; function; Huntington's disease; neural development; neurodegeneration; neurological disorders; Parkinson's disease; small molecule drug discovery; zebrafish ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM-DISORDER; HOMEOBOX-TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; DANIO-RERIO; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; LARVAL ZEBRAFISH; GENE-EXPRESSION; SMALL MOLECULES AB Background: Zebrafish is becoming an increasingly attractive model organism for understanding biology and developing therapeutics, because as a vertebrate, it shares considerable similarity with mammals in both genetic compositions and tissue/organ structures, and yet remains accessible to high throughput phenotype-based genetic and small molecule compound screening. Objective/method: The focus of this review is on the nervous system, which is arguably the most complex organ and known to be afflicted by > 600 disorders in humans. I discuss the past, present and future of using zebrafish to assess the impact of small molecule drugs on neural development and function, in light of understanding and treating neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease and neural system dysfunctions such as anxiety/depression and addiction. Conclusion: These studies hold promise to reveal fundamental mechanisms governing nervous system development and function, and to facilitate small molecule drug discovery for the many types of neurological disorders. C1 [Guo, Su] Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Regenerat Med, Program Biol Sci, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 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M.] DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Kellermann, J.; Lottspeich, F.] MPI Munich, Munich, Germany. [Pichowa, A.] CAS Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 276 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 458ZS UT WOS:000267069900917 ER PT J AU Noordzij, ML Newman-Norlund, SE de Ruiter, JP Hagoort, P Levinson, SC Toni, I AF Noordzij, Matthijs L. Newman-Norlund, Sarah E. de Ruiter, Jan Peter Hagoort, Peter Levinson, Stephen C. Toni, Ivan TI Brain mechanisms underlying human communication SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE social neuroscience; interactive game; fMRI; superior temporal sulcus ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; BIOLOGICAL-MOTION; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; NEURAL MECHANISMS; FUNCTIONAL MRI; MOVEMENT; FRAMEWORK; COGNITION; AUTISM AB Human communication has been described as involving the coding-decoding of a conventional symbol system, which could be supported by parts of the human motor system (i.e. the "mirror neurons system"). However, this view does not explain how these conventions could develop in the first place. Here we target the neglected but crucial issue of how people organize their non-verbal behavior to communicate a given intention without pre-established conventions. We have measured behavioral and brain responses in pairs of subjects during communicative exchanges occurring in a real, interactive, on-line social context. In two fMRI studies, we found robust evidence that planning new communicative actions (by a sender) and recognizing the communicative intention of the same actions (by a receiver) relied on spatially overlapping portions of their brains (the right posterior superior temporal sulcus). The response of this region was lateralized to the right hemisphere, modulated by the ambiguity in meaning of the communicative acts, but not by their sensorimotor complexity. These results indicate that the sender of a communicative signal uses his own intention recognition system to make a prediction of the intention recognition performed by the receiver. This finding supports the notion that our communicative abilities are distinct from both sensorimotor processes and language abilities. C1 [Noordzij, Matthijs L.] Univ Twente, Dept Cognit Psychol & Ergon, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands. [Noordzij, Matthijs L.; Newman-Norlund, Sarah E.; Hagoort, Peter; Toni, Ivan] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [de Ruiter, Jan Peter; Hagoort, Peter; Levinson, Stephen C.] Max Planck Inst Psycholinguist, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Hagoort, Peter; Toni, Ivan] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Cognit, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Noordzij, ML (reprint author), Univ Twente, Dept Cognit Psychol & Ergon, Drienerlolaan 5, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands. EM m.l.noordzij@utwente.nl RI Toni, Ivan/D-1980-2009; Hagoort, Peter/B-7417-2012 OI Toni, Ivan/0000-0003-0936-3601; FU EU-Project [IST-FP6-003747] FX The present study was supported by the EU-Project "Joint Action Science and Technology" (IST-FP6-003747). We would like to thank Roger Newman-Norlund, Bram Daams, and Paul Gaalman for technical advice and assistance. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 3 AR 14 DI 10.3389/neuro.09.014.2009 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 490KA UT WOS:000269498500004 PM 19668699 ER PT J AU Pensiero, S Fabbro, F Michieletto, P Accardo, A Brambilla, P AF Pensiero, Stefano Fabbro, Franco Michieletto, Paola Accardo, Agostino Brambilla, Paolo TI Saccadic characteristics in autistic children SO FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; saccades; premotor system ID EYE-TRACKING TECHNOLOGY; GAUCHER-DISEASE; MOVEMENTS; OCULOMOTOR; DEFICITS; ABNORMALITIES; ATTENTION AB Some studies suggest that individuals with autism present abnormal saccadic eye movements due to an altered strategy for exploration of the surrounding environment. In this study, potential early abnormalities of saccadic movements were explored in 14 male children with autism (5- to 12-year-olds) and in 20 age-matched normal males. Only one patient showed clear abnormalities of the "main sequence"; all the other patients, although showing slight changes in saccadic eye movements, did not present classic deficits. Therefore our results did not confirm the presence of saccadic movement alterations in the early stage of autism. Nonetheless, tracts of saccadic initiation failure, continuous changes in saccadic velocity profiles, and instability of fixation were often observed in the autistic population. These findings could be the expression of an early brainstem impairment in autism. C1 [Pensiero, Stefano] IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, SCO Oculist, Dept Ophthalmol, I-34137 Trieste, Italy. [Fabbro, Franco; Michieletto, Paola; Brambilla, Paolo] IRCCS E Medea, Udine, Italy. [Accardo, Agostino] Univ Trieste, Dept Elect DEEI, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Brambilla, Paolo] Univ Udine, Sect Psychiat, Dept Pathol & Expt & Clin Med, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Pensiero, S (reprint author), IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, SCO Oculist, Dept Ophthalmol, Via Istria 65-1, I-34137 Trieste, Italy. EM pensiero@burlo.trieste.it RI brambilla, paolo/B-4184-2010 OI brambilla, paolo/0000-0002-4021-8456 FU IRCCS; Italian Ministry of Health FX This study was supported by grants from IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, to S. Pensiero and from IRCCS "E. Medea" to F. Fabbro and P. Brambilla. Paolo Brambilla was also funded by the Italian Ministry of Health ("Progetto Strategico" entitled "Mental health in childhood and adolescence: an investigation of biological and psychosocial risk factors, early indicators, and family burden indicators, in the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention models for severe mental illness"). We would like to thank all the families, children and parents, who agreed to participate in this study, and Dr Barbara Alberti for editing the manuscript. 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Neurol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 564WT UT WOS:000275249800007 PM 20018143 ER PT J AU O'Donovan, MC Craddock, NJ Owen, MJ AF O'Donovan, Michael C. Craddock, Nick J. Owen, Michael J. TI Genetics of psychosis; insights from views across the genome SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; BIPOLAR-DISORDER; WIDE ASSOCIATION; MULTILOCUS MODELS; INCREASE RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENES; VARIANTS; ETIOLOGY; DISEASE AB The major psychotic illnesses, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD), are among the most heritable common disorders, but finding specific susceptibility genes for them has not been straightforward. The reasons are widely assumed to include lack of valid phenotypic definition, absence of good theories of pathophysiology for candidate gene studies, and the involvement of many genes, each making small contributions to population risk. Within the last year or so, a number of genome wide association (GWAS) of schizophrenia and BD have been published. These have produced stronger evidence for association to specific risk loci than have earlier studies, specifically for the zinc finger binding protein 804A (ZNF804A) locus in schizophrenia and for the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) and ankyrin 3, node of Ranvier (ANK3) loci in bipolar disorder. The ZNF804A and CACNA1C loci appear to influence risk for both disorders, a finding that supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia and BD are not aetiologically distinct. In the case of schizophrenia, a number of rare copy number variants have also been detected that have fairly large effect sizes on disease risk, and that additionally influence risk of autism, mental retardation, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 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Genet. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s00439-009-0703-0 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 482JW UT WOS:000268883800002 PM 19521722 ER PT J AU Franke, B Neale, BM Faraone, SV AF Franke, Barbara Neale, Benjamin M. Faraone, Stephen V. TI Genome-wide association studies in ADHD SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; RECEPTOR GENE CNR1 AB Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a common and highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder that is seen in children and adults. Although heritability is estimated at around 76%, it has been hard to find genes underlying the disorder. ADHD is a multifactorial disorder, in which many genes, all with a small effect, are thought to cause the disorder in the presence of unfavorable environmental conditions. Whole genome linkage analyses have not yet lead to the identification of genes for ADHD, and results of candidate gene-based association studies have been able to explain only a tiny part of the genetic contribution to disease, either. A novel way of performing hypothesis-free analysis of the genome suitable for the identification of disease risk genes of considerably smaller effect is the genome-wide association study (GWAS). So far, five GWAS have been performed on the diagnosis of ADHD and related phenotypes. Four of these are based on a sample set of 958 parent-child trio's collected as part of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study and genotyped with funds from the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN). The other is a pooled GWAS including adult patients with ADHD and controls. None of the papers reports any associations that are formally genome-wide significant after correction for multiple testing. There is also very limited overlap between studies, apart from an association with CDH13, which is reported in three of the studies. Little evidence supports an important role for the 'classic' ADHD genes, with possible exceptions for SLC9A9, NOS1 and CNR1. There is extensive overlap with findings from other psychiatric disorders. Though not genome-wide significant, findings from the individual studies converge to paint an interesting picture: whereas little evidence-as yet-points to a direct involvement of neurotransmitters (at least the classic dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways) or regulators of neurotransmission, some suggestions are found for involvement of 'new' neurotransmission and cell-cell communication systems. A potential involvement of potassium channel subunits and regulators warrants further investigation. More basic processes also seem involved in ADHD, like cell division, adhesion (especially via cadherin and integrin systems), neuronal migration, and neuronal plasticity, as well as related transcription, cell polarity and extracellular matrix regulation, and cytoskeletal remodeling processes. In conclusion, the GWAS performed so far in ADHD, though far from conclusive, provide a first glimpse at genes for the disorder. Many more (much larger studies) will be needed. For this, collaboration between researchers as well as standardized protocols for phenotyping and DNA-collection will become increasingly important. C1 [Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet 855, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Franke, Barbara] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Neale, Benjamin M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Both parents completed the BITSEA; mothers completed the child behavior checklist 2/3 (CBCL). Internal consistencies of the BITSEA-problem (P) and competence (C) scales were good to excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82 and 0.72, respectively). Interrater reliability between parents and test-retest reliability were good. BITSEA/P scores were significantly correlated with CBCL internalizing, externalizing and total problem scores (p < 0.001). Maternal BITSEA/P cutpoint scores revealed that 30.6% of male toddlers and 28.6% of females were in the subclinical range and 13.1% of males and 17.6% of females were in clinical range. Results reveal that the Turkish version of BITSEA is a reliable, valid and simply applicable instrument for screening social, emotional and behavioral problems among toddlers. Clinical validation of the BITSEA/C and BITSEA/P is warranted. Crown Copyright (c) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Karabekiroglu, Koray; Akbas, Seher; Tasdemir, Gokce Nur] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Rodopman-Arman, Ayse] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ay, Pinar] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ozkesen, Mustafa] Minist Hlth, Samsun, Turkey. [Boke, Omer] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. [Peksen, Yidiz] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. RP Karabekiroglu, K (reprint author), Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Cocuk Hastanesi, Cocuk Psikiyatrisi Poliklinigi, TR-55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey. 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SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Functional connectivity; Autism; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; EEG; MEG ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; WORKING-MEMORY; FRONTAL-CORTEX; DEFAULT MODE AB In this paper we consider how functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has been used to study cortical connectivity in autism and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). We discuss those studies that have contributed to the evidence supporting a model of disordered cortical connectivity in autism and (ASD), with a focusing emphasis on the application to research into the underconnectivity model. We note that the analytical techniques employed are limited and do not allow interpretation in terms of effective. or directional connectivity, nor do they provide information about the temporal or spectral characteristics of the functional networks being studied. We highlight how currently the features of neural generators that are being assessed by functional connectivity in fMRI are unclear. In addition, we note the importance in clinical studies of considering the consequences of task choice for the nature of the imaging data that can be collected and also of individual differences in participant state and trait characteristics for the accurate interpretation of imaging data. We discuss how alternative techniques such as EEG/MEG may address the limitations of fMRI in assessing brain connectivity, and additionally consider the potential of multimodal approaches. We conclude that fMRI has made significant contributions towards our understanding of the brain in terms of neural systems but that the conclusions drawn from its application in the sphere of autism research need to be approached with caution. It is important in research of this kind that we are aware of the need to examine the methodological and analytical techniques closely when applying findings in clinical populations, not only when they are used to support the development of theoretical models but also to inform diagnostic or treatment decisions. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thai, Ngoc Jade; Longe, Olivia; Rippon, Gina] Aston Univ, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. RP Thai, NJ (reprint author), Aston Univ, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Vis Sci Bldg, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. 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J. Psychophysiol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.12.015 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 463TY UT WOS:000267456200006 PM 19530277 ER PT J AU Phetrasuwan, S Miles, MS AF Phetrasuwan, Supapak Miles, Margaret Shandor TI Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; mothers; parenting stress ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATING-SCALE; DOWN-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSIS; AGE; FAMILIES; ADAPTATION; DEPRESSION AB PURPOSE. The purpose of this paper is to describe the sources of parenting stress in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and examine the relationship between parenting stress and maternal psychological status (depression and well-being). DESIGN AND METHODS. A descriptive correlational design was used. Data were collected via mailed questionnaires. RESULTS. Behavioral symptoms were the primary source of parenting stress for mothers. There was no relationship between child characteristics and parenting stress. Mothers reporting more parenting stress had more depressive symptoms and lower levels of well-being. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Our findings have implications for interventions with mothers to help them manage their children's behavior and focus on stress reduction and well-being. C1 [Phetrasuwan, Supapak] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand. [Miles, Margaret Shandor] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Phetrasuwan, S (reprint author), Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand. 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Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400002 PM 19614824 ER PT J AU Miller, L Reynolds, J AF Miller, Lisa Reynolds, Joni TI Autism and Vaccination-The Current Evidence SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE ASD; autism; immunization; MMR; measles; thimerosal; vaccine ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; MEASLES-VIRUS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; MMR VACCINATION; RUBELLA VACCINE; NO EVIDENCE; CHILDREN AB PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to review relevant background literature regarding the evidence linking thimerosal-containing vaccine and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine to autism. CONCLUSIONS. Rigorous scientific studies have not identified links between autism and either thimerosal-containing vaccine or the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses are often in the position of providing advice regarding vaccines in their formal practice areas as well as in their daily lives. Families need current and credible evidence to make decisions for their children. Excellent vaccine information resources are available online. C1 [Miller, Lisa] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Dis Control & Environm Epidemiol Div, Denver, CO USA. [Reynolds, Joni] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Immunizat Program, Denver, CO USA. RP Miller, L (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Dis Control & Environm Epidemiol Div, Denver, CO USA. 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Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 166 EP 172 PG 7 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400003 PM 19614825 ER PT J AU Bellando, J Lopez, M AF Bellando, Jayne Lopez, Maya TI The School Nurse's Role in Treatment of the Student With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger's Disorder; medical symptoms; Pervasive Developmental Disorder; school intervention; school nurses ID SLEEP PROBLEMS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; IDENTIFICATION; THERAPY; CARE AB PURPOSE. Some healthcare concerns have been found to be commonly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Identification and treatment of these medical issues can improve the functioning of the child with ASD. This article will offer practical suggestions for the school nurse. CONCLUSIONS. As a "front-line" medical professional in the schools, the school nurse is positioned to provide guidance on implementing interventions for the student with ASD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. By being knowledgeable about current research and treatment options for the various associated medical conditions, the school nurse can help the student achieve academic success in the school setting. C1 [Bellando, Jayne; Lopez, Maya] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Bellando, J (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM bellandojayne@uams.edu CR Aman MG, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P527, DOI 10.1023/A:1025883612879 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Amineh Mehdi Parvizi, 2005, CLIN NEUROLOGY, P1 Ballaban-Gil K, 2000, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V6, P300, DOI 10.1002/1098-2779(2000)6:4<300::AID-MRDD9>3.0.CO;2-R Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 Barbaresi WJ, 2006, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V160, P1167, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1167 Bertrand J, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, P1155, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 Brown MJ, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE534, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-0858 Cade M, 2001, J Sch Health, V71, P96 *CDCP, 2007, MORB MORT WEEKL REP, V56, P179 Cohen D, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P103, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-1038-2 Durand V. M., 1998, SLEEP BETTER GUIDE I Giannotti F, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P741, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0116-z Hodgdon L. 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Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400004 PM 19614826 ER PT J AU West, L Brunssen, SH Waldrop, J AF West, Lis Brunssen, Susan H. Waldrop, Julee TI Review of the Evidence for Treatment of Children with Autism with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Review DE Antidepressants; autism; pervasive developmental disorder; pharmacotherapy; psychopharmacotherapy; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OPEN-LABEL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TRANSPORTER; FLUOXETINE; PATTERNS; HYPERACTIVITY; FLUVOXAMINE AB PURPOSE. To review the potential role of serotonin dysregulation in autism and the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in treating core deficits and associated symptoms of autism in children. The literature was searched for reports of SSRI use in children with autism. Data are presented from prospective clinical trials that evaluated treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS. Some SSRIs show moderate success in managing specific behaviors. Only fluoxetine shows evidence of decreasing global autism severity. PRACTICE IMPLICATION. Definitive conclusions concerning selection criteria, dosage, safety, and efficacy cannot be drawn given the current state of evidence. C1 [Brunssen, Susan H.; Waldrop, Julee] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [West, Lis] Carolina Pediat Grp, Fayetteville, NC USA. RP Waldrop, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. 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Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400005 PM 19614827 ER PT J AU Reaven, JA AF Reaven, Judith A. TI Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and Co-occurring Anxiety Symptoms: Implications for Assessment and Treatment SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Autism Spectrum Disorders; autism; cognitive behavioral therapy ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD ANXIETY; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ADOLESCENTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; DISABILITIES; RELIABILITY; THERAPY AB PURPOSE. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance and recommendations for children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and anxiety, including suggestions for assessment and intervention. CONCLUSIONS. Children with ASD are at increased risk for developing clinical anxiety symptoms. Anxiety symptoms can impact school performance, peer relationships, and family functioning. Emerging clinical research has demonstrated the potential positive impact of modified cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce anxiety symptoms in children with ASD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Modifications necessary to make cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols accessible to children with ASD are presented, along with specific suggestions for evaluating and treating anxiety symptoms. C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, JFK Partners, Aurora, CO USA. RP Reaven, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Med, JFK Partners, Aurora, CO USA. EM judy.reaven@ucdenver.edu CR Achenbach T. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 PG 8 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400006 PM 19614828 ER PT J AU Abbey, D AF Abbey, Dana TI Helping Families Find the Best Evidence: CAM Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorders and Asperger's Disorder SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE Asperger's Disorder; autism; Autism Spectrum Disorders; consumer health information; evidence-based medicine; health information evaluation; health information literacy AB Family-Centered Care provides a forum for sharing information about basic components of caring for children and families, including respect, information sharing, collaboration, family-to-family support, and confidence building. C1 Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Lib, Natl Network Lib Med, Aurora, CO USA. RP Abbey, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Lib, Natl Network Lib Med, Aurora, CO USA. EM dana.abbey@ucdenver.edu CR BARNES PM, 2007, 12 CDC NAT HLTH STAT *MEDLINEPLUS, 2008, MEDLINEPLUS GUIDE HL *NAT I HLTH NAT CT, 2007, WHAT CAM NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 200 EP 202 PG 3 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400007 PM 19614829 ER PT J AU Quirantes, D AF Quirantes, Deborah TI Collaborative Approach to Autism: A Parent's Perspective SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE autism; Autism Spectrum Disorder; collaborative care; nursing AB Collaborative Practice provides a forum for healthcare professionals to share expertise and enhance communication. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Quirantes, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM debbiequi@aol.com CR *CTR DIS CONTR PRE, 2007, CDC REL NEW DAT AUT Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400008 PM 19614830 ER PT J AU Phetrasuwan, S Miles, MS Mesibov, GB Robinson, C AF Phetrasuwan, Supapak Miles, Margaret Shandor Mesibov, Gary B. Robinson, Cordelia TI Defining Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; definitions ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS AB Supapak Phetrasuwan, Margaret Shandor Miles, and Gary B. MesibovColumn Editor: Cordelia Robinson. C1 [Miles, Margaret Shandor] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Phetrasuwan, Supapak] Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand. [Mesibov, Gary B.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, TEACCH, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Miles, MS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 PG 5 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400010 PM 19614832 ER PT J AU Rhodes, AM AF Rhodes, Ann M. TI Autism and the Courts SO JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material DE autism litigation; Childhood Vaccine Injury Act; omnibus autism proceeding AB Ask the Expert provides research-based answers to practice questions submitted by JSPN readers. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Nursing, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Rhodes, AM (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Nursing, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ann-rhodes@uiowa.edu CR Thompson WW, 2007, NEW ENGL J MED, V357, P1281, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa071434 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1539-0136 J9 J SPEC PEDIATR NURS JI J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Nursing; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Pediatrics GA 468PS UT WOS:000267832400011 PM 19614833 ER PT J AU Beadle-Brown, J Murphy, G DiTerlizzi, M AF Beadle-Brown, Julie Murphy, Glynis DiTerlizzi, Michele TI Quality of Life for the Camberwell Cohort SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; Camberwell; intellectual disability; quality of life ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SATISFACTION SCALE; FOLLOW-UP; COMMUNITY RESIDENCES; SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT; PEOPLE; SERVICES; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Background Despite the acknowledged difficulties of measuring satisfaction for people with intellectual disabilities, the current study examined the quality of life (QoL) of the Camberwell Cohort, a total population sample of people with severe intellectual disability and/or autism [>Wing & Gould, Epidemiology and Classification, 9, 1979, 11]. Methods The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS) [Harner & Heal, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 14, 1993a, 221] was combined with selected questions from the Quality of Life Questionnaire Schalock & Keith 1993, Quality of Life Questionnaire, IDS Publishing Corporation, Worthington and conducted with 12 people with intellectual disabilities and 72 proxy respondents. Results Inter-rater reliability on overall score was available for 10 participants and was acceptable with a Spearman's Rank order correlation co-efficient over 0.8. There were no significant differences between the scores of proxies and service users on the domains of the LSS. The sample of service users who completed the interviews was too small to allow further detailed analysis of their responses. However, responses from the proxy interviews indicated that there were no differences in life satisfaction between those socially impaired and socially able. However those with autism were reported to be less satisfied on Community Satisfaction while those with challenging behaviour had lower scores overall and specifically on Community Satisfaction. Those with an IQ below 50 had lower scores overall, than those with an IQ above 50 and specifically on Recreation Satisfaction. Linear regression analysis on total QoL score indicated that only three variables seemed to be important in predicting proxy QoL scores: challenging behaviour at Time 3, IQ at Time 3 and independent living skills at Time 1. Conclusions Despite the difficulties encountered, this study provided some support for the widely help belief that QoL is lower for those with intellectual disability and for those with challenging behaviour. C1 [Beadle-Brown, Julie; Murphy, Glynis] Univ Kent, Tizard Ctr, Canterbury CT2 7LZ, Kent, England. [DiTerlizzi, Michele] Inclus Practices Ltd, Org Psychologist, London, England. 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Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 22 IS 4 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00473.x PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 457JE UT WOS:000266923500007 ER PT J AU Milne, E Griffiths, H Buckley, D Scope, A AF Milne, Elizabeth Griffiths, Helen Buckley, David Scope, Alison TI Vision in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Evidence for Reduced Convergence SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Vision; Perception; Visual acuity; Convergence; Low-functioning autism; Autistic spectrum disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; VISUAL-ACUITY; PERCEPTION; SEARCH; INDIVIDUALS; DYSFUNCTION; DEFICITS AB Evidence of atypical perception in individuals with ASD is mainly based on self report, parental questionnaires or psychophysical/cognitive paradigms. There have been relatively few attempts to establish whether binocular vision is enhanced, intact or abnormal in those with ASD. To address this, we screened visual function in 51 individuals with autistic spectrum disorder and 44 typically developing individuals by measuring visual acuity, stereoacuity, convergence, divergence, ocular motility, incidence of strabismus and integrity of the optokinetic response. The data suggest that many aspects of vision, including visual acuity, are unaffected in ASD, but that convergence is an aspect of visual function that merits further research in those with ASD. C1 [Milne, Elizabeth; Scope, Alison] Western Bank, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Griffiths, Helen; Buckley, David] Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Acad Unit Ophthalmol & Orthopt, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. RP Milne, E (reprint author), Western Bank, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 965 EP 975 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0705-8 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300001 PM 19224351 ER PT J AU Guttmann-Steinmetz, S Gadow, KD DeVincent, CJ AF Guttmann-Steinmetz, Sarit Gadow, Kenneth D. DeVincent, Carla J. TI Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder Behaviors in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder With and Without Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Versus Several Comparison Samples SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autism; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Oppositional defiant disorder; Conduct disorder; Chronic multiple tic disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; ANTISOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; TIC DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; ADHD; COMORBIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB We compared disruptive behaviors in boys with either autism spectrum disorder (ASD) plus ADHD (n = 74), chronic multiple tic disorder plus ADHD (n = 47), ADHD Only (n = 59), or ASD Only (n = 107). Children were evaluated with parent and teacher versions of the Child Symptom Inventory-4 including parent- (n = 168) and teacher-rated (n = 173) community controls. Parents rated children in the three ADHD groups comparably for each symptom of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder. Teacher ratings indicated that the ASD + ADHD group evidenced a unique pattern of ODD symptom severity, differentiating them from the other ADHD groups, and from the ASD Only group. The clinical features of ASD appear to influence co-morbid, DSM-IV-defined ODD, with implications for nosology. C1 [Guttmann-Steinmetz, Sarit] IDC, New Sch Psychol, Herzliyya, Israel. [Gadow, Kenneth D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [DeVincent, Carla J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pediat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Guttmann-Steinmetz, S (reprint author), IDC, New Sch Psychol, Herzliyya, Israel. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0706-7 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300002 PM 19288296 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, V Magyar, CI Dill, CA AF Pandolfi, Vincent Magyar, Caroline I. Dill, Charles A. TI Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 in a Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE CBCL; Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5; Autism spectrum disorder; ASD; Factor analysis; Emotional and behavioral disorder ID FIT; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; SOCIETIES; MODELS; TESTS AB Validity studies of measures for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) for use with preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are lacking. The Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla, Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, 2000), a widely used measure for EBD, contains several norm-referenced scales derived through factor analysis of data from the general pediatric population. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis of archival data evaluated the adequacy of the CBCL factor model in a well characterized sample of preschoolers with ASD (N = 128). Psychometric results supported the model and suggested that practitioners can use the CBCL to assess for EBD in young children with ASD in conjunction with other clinical data. This will increase the likelihood of accurate identification and EBD-specific intervention. C1 [Pandolfi, Vincent] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Psychol Dept, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Magyar, Caroline I.] Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Div Neurodev & Behav Pediat, Rochester, NY USA. [Dill, Charles A.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Psychol, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. 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H., 1980, M PSYCH SOC IOW CIT Wirth RJ, 2007, PSYCHOL METHODS, V12, P58, DOI 10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.58 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 986 EP 995 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0716-5 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300003 PM 19263208 ER PT J AU Golnik, AE Ireland, M AF Golnik, Allison E. Ireland, Marjorie TI Complementary Alternative Medicine for Children with Autism: A Physician Survey SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Complementary alternative medicine ID HEALTH-CARE NEEDS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UNITED-STATES; PEDIATRICIANS; THERAPIES; MELATONIN; TRIAL AB Previous studies suggest over half of children with autism are using complementary alternative medicine (CAM). In this study, physicians responded (n = 539, 19% response rate) to a survey regarding CAM use in children with autism. Physicians encouraged multi-vitamins (49%), essential fatty acids (25%), melatonin (25%) and probiotics (19%) and discouraged withholding immunizations (76%), chelation (61%), anti-infectives (57%), delaying immunizations (55%) and secretin (43%). Physicians encouraging CAM were more likely to desire CAM training, inquire about CAM use, be female, be younger, and report greater autism visits, autism education and CAM knowledge. Physicians were more likely to desire CAM training, inquire about CAM and view CAM as a challenge for children with autism compared to children with other neurodevelopmental and chronic/complex conditions. C1 [Golnik, Allison E.; Ireland, Marjorie] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Golnik, AE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, 717 Delaware St SE,3rd Floor W,Room 370E, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 996 EP 1005 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0714-7 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300004 PM 19280328 ER PT J AU White, SW Roberson-Nay, R AF White, Susan W. Roberson-Nay, Roxann TI Anxiety, Social Deficits, and Loneliness in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger; Anxiety; Loneliness; Social skills ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; VERSION AB The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among anxiety, loneliness, and degree of social skill deficit in a sample of youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants (N = 20) were between 7 and 14 years of age, verbal, and had low average or higher assessed intelligence (average IQ = 92 +/- A 14.41). Youth who self-reported elevated levels of anxiety reported greater feelings of social loneliness. Those participants earning above average total anxiety scores reported significantly more loneliness than those with less anxiety (F = 6.60, p < .05). A significant relationship between parent-reported child withdrawal and depression and social disability also was found. Recommendations for assessment of co-occurring psychiatric problems in youth with ASD are offered. C1 [White, Susan W.; Roberson-Nay, Roxann] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychiat, Richmond, VA USA. RP White, SW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Psychol, 109 Williams Hall 0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. 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Mottron, Laurent Mody, Maria TI Cognitive Differences in Pictorial Reasoning Between High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-functioning autism; Asperger's syndrome; Reasoning; Pictures; Language; Visuospatial ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; PROFILES; SUPERIOR; ABILITY; ANALOGY AB We investigated linguistic and visuospatial processing during pictorial reasoning in high-functioning autism (HFA), Asperger's syndrome (ASP), and age and IQ-matched typically developing participants (CTRL), using three conditions designed to differentially engage linguistic mediation or visuospatial processing (visuospatial, V; semantic, S; visuospatial + semantic, V + S). The three groups did not differ in accuracy, but showed different response time profiles. ASP and CTRL participants were fastest on V + S, amenable to both linguistic and nonlinguistic mediation, whereas HFA participants were equally fast on V and V + S, where visuospatial strategies were available, and slowest on S. HFA participants appeared to favor visuospatial over linguistic mediation. The results support the use of linguistic versus visuospatial tasks for characterizing subtypes on the autism spectrum. C1 [Sahyoun, Cherif P.; Belliveau, John W.; Mody, Maria] Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Sahyoun, Cherif P.; Soulieres, Isabelle; Belliveau, John W.; Mody, Maria] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, MGH MIT HMS, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [Soulieres, Isabelle; Mottron, Laurent] Hop Riviere des Prairies, Clin Specialisee Autisme, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Sahyoun, CP (reprint author), Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, 77 Massachusetts Ave,E25-519, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1024 EP 1030 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0709-4 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300007 PM 19291383 ER PT J AU Gaigg, SB Bowler, DM AF Gaigg, Sebastian B. Bowler, Dermot M. TI Illusory Memories of Emotionally Charged Words in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence for Atypical Emotion Processing Outside the Social Domain SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting for Autism Research CY MAY, 2007 CL Seattle, WA DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Memory; Orthographic associations; Emotional processing; Illusory memories ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; AMYGDALA THEORY; FALSE MEMORIES; CHILDREN; RESPONSES; RECALL; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; ADULTS AB Recent evidence suggests that individuals with ASD may not accumulate distinct representations of emotional information throughout development. On the basis of this observation we predicted that such individuals would not be any less likely to falsely remember emotionally significant as compared to neutral words when such illusory memories are induced by asking participants to study lists of words that are orthographically associated to these words. Our findings showed that typical participants are far less likely to experience illusory memories of emotionally charged as compared to neutral words. Individuals with ASD, on the other hand, did not exhibit this emotional modulation of false memories. We discuss this finding in relation to the role of emotional processing atypicalities in ASD. C1 [Gaigg, Sebastian B.; Bowler, Dermot M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, London EC1V 0HB, England. RP Gaigg, SB (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, Northampton Sq, London EC1V 0HB, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0710-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300008 PM 19296212 ER PT J AU Sheppard, E Ropar, D Mitchell, P AF Sheppard, Elizabeth Ropar, Danielle Mitchell, Peter TI Autism and Dimensionality: Differences Between Copying and Drawing Tasks SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Copying; Drawing; Perception; Three-dimensionality ID CHILDRENS DRAWINGS; VISUAL REALISM; REPRESENTATION; INDIVIDUALS; ACCURACY; MEMORY; IMPACT AB Previous research suggests individuals with autism may be less influenced by a three-dimensional interpretation when copying line drawings (Sheppard et al. J Autism Dev Disord 37:1913-1924, 2007). The current research aimed to determine whether this reduced dimensionality effect extends to drawings of an actual object. Twenty-four children and adolescents with autism and 24 comparison participants copied one line drawing with no depth cues, line drawings with a three-dimensional interpretation, and drew a actual three-dimensional object. Participants with autism were less influenced by three-dimensionality on the copying tasks but were equally affected when drawing the actual object. This suggests that any advantage for three-dimensional drawing in non-savant individuals with autism is confined to situations when the individual copies a line drawing with depth cues. C1 [Sheppard, Elizabeth; Ropar, Danielle; Mitchell, Peter] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Sheppard, E (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0718-3 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300009 PM 19291381 ER PT J AU Orsmond, GI Seltzer, MM AF Orsmond, Gael I. Seltzer, Marsha Mailick TI Adolescent Siblings of Individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Testing a Diathesis-Stress Model of Sibling Well-Being SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Siblings; Diathesis-stress; Well-being ID CHILDRENS MANIFEST ANXIETY; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; FAMILY-HISTORY; LIFE EVENTS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PARENTAL DEPRESSION; BROADER PHENOTYPE AB The purpose of this study was to test a diathesis-stress model of well-being for siblings who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data were collected from 57 adolescents and their mothers. Sisters reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than brothers. Having a family history of ASDs was associated with depressive, but not anxiety, symptoms. A high level of maternal depression was also associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms. A diathesis-stress model was partially supported, primarily through the findings that sibling sub-threshold autism characteristics were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in siblings, but only in the presence of a high number of stressful life events. C1 [Orsmond, Gael I.] Boston Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Seltzer, Marsha Mailick] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Orsmond, GI (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1053 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0722-7 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300011 PM 19291379 ER PT J AU Perry, A Flanagan, HE Geier, JD Freeman, NL AF Perry, Adrienne Flanagan, Helen E. Geier, Jennifer Dunn Freeman, Nancy L. TI Brief Report: The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at Different Cognitive Levels SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Research-in-Child-Development CY MAR-APR -, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Res Child Dev DE Adaptive Behavior; Vineland; Autism; MR; PDD-NOS; Profiles ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RATING-SCALE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDHOOD; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS; DIAGNOSIS; VALIDITY; DOMAINS; AGE AB Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) data were examined in a large sample of young children with ASD (n = 290) of varying cognitive levels. IQ was higher than VABS composite score among high functioning children only; the opposite pattern was found in lower IQ subgroups. Profile analysis of VABS domains across cognitive levels demonstrated different profiles in different subgroups. A characteristic "autism profile" was found for most subgroups for Age Equivalents but not Standard Scores. In a small set of matched pairs (n = 28) of children with autism versus MR, significantly different profiles were found, with Socialization and Communication lower in autism, but no differences were found between matched pairs of children with autism and PDD-NOS (n = 48). Correlations between age, cognitive level, and adaptive level were also reported, and regression analyses indicated that autism severity accounts for a modest amount of unique variance in Socialization and Daily Living Skills. C1 [Perry, Adrienne; Flanagan, Helen E.; Freeman, Nancy L.] York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Perry, Adrienne; Flanagan, Helen E.] Thistletown Reg Ctr, TRE ADD, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Geier, Jennifer Dunn] Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Autism Intervent Program Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. [Freeman, Nancy L.] Toronto Partnership Autism Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Perry, A (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Psychol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. 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Liang, Olivia Dawson, Geraldine Aylward, Elizabeth TI Brief Report: Biochemical Correlates of Clinical Impairment in High Functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Amygdala; Autism; Asperger's disorder; MRS ID H-1-MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON NMR-SPECTRA; IN-VIVO; AMYGDALA THEORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HUMAN BRAIN; HIPPOCAMPUS; INTELLIGENCE; ADOLESCENTS; ABILITY AB Amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a critical contributor to social impairment in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current study investigated biochemical abnormalities in the amygdala in 20 high functioning adults with autistic disorder or Asperger's disorder and 19 typically developing adults matched on age and IQ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine (Cre), choline/choline containing compounds (Cho), and Myoinositol (mI) in the right and left amygdala. There were no significant between-group differences in any of the metabolites. However, NAA and Cre levels were significantly correlated to clinical ratings on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. This suggests that altered metabolite levels in the amygdala may be associated with a more severe early developmental course in ASD. C1 [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Weaver, Kurt E.; Liang, Olivia; Aylward, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Dawson, Geraldine; Aylward, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kleinhans, NM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0707-6 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300013 PM 19234776 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LD Robins, DL Bakeman, R Adamson, LB AF Wiggins, Lisa D. Robins, Diana L. Bakeman, Roger Adamson, Lauren B. TI Breif Report: Sensory Abnormalities as Distinguishing Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory abnormalities; Sensory profile ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TODDLERS; INTERVENTION; MODULATION; BEHAVIORS; PROFILE; MOTOR AB The purpose of this study was to explore the sensory profile of young children with ASD compared to young children with other developmental delays (DD) at first ASD assessment. Results found that young children with ASD had more tactile and taste/smell sensitivities and difficulties with auditory filtering than young children with other DD. Moreover, sensory scores were significantly correlated with stereotyped interests and behaviors. These findings support the hypotheses that young children with ASD show more sensory impairments than young children with other DD and that sensory symptoms are significantly related to stereotyped interests and behaviors. Results also suggest that sensory abnormalities are distinguishing symptoms of ASD that should be considered in diagnostic algorithms for younger cohorts. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.] NCBDDD, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Robins, Diana L.; Bakeman, Roger; Adamson, Lauren B.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), NCBDDD, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lwiggins@cdc.gov RI Robins, Diana/D-9959-2011 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Ayres AJ, 1979, SENSORY INTEGRATION Baranek GT, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P213, DOI 10.1023/A:1023080005650 Ben-Sasson A, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P584 BLACKMAN L, 1999, LUCYS STORY AUTISM O Cohen JW, 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEAH Corsello CM, 2005, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V18, P74 Dunn W., 1999, SHORT SENSORY PROFIL Grandin T., 1996, THINKING PICTURES Kern JK, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P480, DOI 10.1177/1362361306066564 Kientz MA, 1997, AM J OCCUP THER, V51, P530 Landa R, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P16, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20134 Leekam SR, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P894, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0218-7 Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x Newborg J., 1984, BATTELLE DEV INVENTO Ornitz E. 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PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0711-x PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300014 PM 19283461 ER PT J AU Christopher, S AF Christopher, Sheila TI The Hidden World of Autism: Writing and Art by Children with High Functioning Autism, Foreword by Uttam Chowdhury SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Christopher, Sheila] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Rehabil Sci, Tiruchchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Christopher, S (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Rehabil Sci, Tiruchchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India. EM sheila627@gmail.com CR Chilvers R, 2007, HIDDEN WORLD AUTISM NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1094 EP 1095 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0759-7 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 457EM UT WOS:000266911300016 ER PT J AU Mraz, KD Dixon, J Dumont-Mathieu, T Fein, D AF Mraz, Krista D. Dixon, James Dumont-Mathieu, Thyde Fein, Deborah TI Accelerated Head and Body Growth in Infants Later Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Comparative Study of Optimal Outcome Children SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; head circumference; recovery; growth ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; 1ST YEAR; CIRCUMFERENCE GROWTH; BRAIN VOLUME; LIFE; AGE; HISTORY; ADULTS; SYMPTOMS AB Previous research has demonstrated accelerated head and body growth during infancy in children with autism spectrum disorders. No study has yet examined head growth in children who lose their autism spectrum disorder diagnoses. Head circumference, lengths and weight growth during infancv for 24 children who maintained their diagnoses were compared with 15 children who lost their diagnoses, and to 37 typically developing controls. Results showed that head circumference and weight growth were significantly greater in both autism spectrum disorder groups compared with controls, with no significant differences between autism spectrum disorder groups. However, when length and weight were controlled for, accelerated head growth remained significant in the children who lost their diagnoses. Findings suggest that children who lose their autism spectrum disorder diagnoses and children who maintain their diagnoses show similar head circumference, length, and weight growth trajectories during infancy, although Subtle differences in body growth between groups may exist. C1 [Mraz, Krista D.; Dixon, James; Dumont-Mathieu, Thyde; Fein, Deborah] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Mraz, KD (reprint author), 300 Hebron Ave,Unit 111, Glastonbury, CT 06033 USA. 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Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 24 IS 7 BP 833 EP 845 DI 10.1177/0883073808331345 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 462JD UT WOS:000267347000008 PM 19617459 ER PT J AU Norbury, CF Brock, J Cragg, L Einav, S Griffiths, H Nation, K AF Norbury, Courtenay Frazier Brock, Jon Cragg, Lucy Einav, Shiri Griffiths, Helen Nation, Kate TI Eye-movement patterns are associated with communicative competence in autistic spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; eye-tracking; language impairment; social attention ID REAL-WORLD SCENES; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; FIXATION; INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIOR; STIMULI; SPEECH; FACES AB Background: Investigations using eye-tracking have reported reduced fixations to salient social cues such as eyes when participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) view social scenes. However, these studies have not distinguished different cognitive phenotypes. Methods: The eye-movements of 28 teenagers with ASD and 18 typically developing peers were recorded as they watched videos of peers interacting in familiar situations. Within ASD, we contrasted the viewing patterns of those with and without language impairments. The proportion of time spent viewing eyes, mouths and other scene details was calculated, as was latency of first fixation to eyes. Finally, the association between viewing patterns and social-communicative competence was measured. Results: Individuals with ASD and age-appropriate language abilities spent significantly less time viewing eyes and were slower to fixate the eyes than typically developing peers. In contrast, there were no differences in viewing patterns between those with language impairments and typically developing peers. Eye-movement patterns were not associated with social outcomes for either language phenotype. However, increased fixations to the mouth were associated with greater communicative competence across the autistic spectrum. Conclusions: Attention to both eyes and mouths is important for language development and communicative competence. Differences in fixation time to eyes may not be sufficient to disrupt social competence in daily interactions. A multiple cognitive deficit model of ASD, incorporating different language phenotypes, is advocated. C1 [Norbury, Courtenay Frazier] Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Norbury, Courtenay Frazier; Brock, Jon; Cragg, Lucy; Einav, Shiri; Nation, Kate] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Cragg, Lucy] Univ Nottingham, Dept Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Brock, Jon] Macquarie Ctr Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Norbury, CF (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM courtenay.norbury@rhul.ac.uk RI Cragg, Lucy/B-2070-2010; Nation, Kate/F-8228-2014 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Birmingham E, 2008, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V61, P986, DOI 10.1080/17470210701410375 Bishop DVM, 2006, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V5, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2005.00148.x Conti-Ramsden G, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P741, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00770 Corden B, 2008, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V46, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.005 Dalton KM, 2005, NAT NEUROSCI, V8, P519, DOI 10.1038/nn1421 Dawson G, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P581, DOI 10.1017/S0954579402003103 De Fosse L, 2004, ANN NEUROL, V56, P757, DOI 10.1002/ana.20275 Durkin K, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1441, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01076.x Fletcher-Watson S, 2009, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V47, P248, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.016 Hanna JE, 2007, J MEM LANG, V57, P596, DOI 10.1016/j.jm1.2007.01.008 Hunnius S, 2004, INFANCY, V6, P231, DOI 10.1207/s15327078in0602_5 Itier RJ, 2007, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P1019, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.004 Jones W, 2008, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V65, P946, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.65.8.946 Joseph RM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P807, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00092 KJELGAARD MM, 2001, CLIN NEUROSCI RES, V6, P219 Klin A, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P345, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1202 Klin A, 2002, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V59, P809, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 KUHL PK, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P1138, DOI 10.1126/science.7146899 Landry R, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1115, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00304.x Lansing Charissa R., 2003, Perception & Psychophysics, V65, P536, DOI 10.3758/BF03194581 Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB LUDDO S, 2004, AM J PSYCHIAT, V161, P933 Merin N., 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P108, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0342-4 Mottron L, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P19, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018070.88380.83 Neumann D, 2006, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V1, P194, DOI 10.1093/scan/nsl030 Norrix LW, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1639, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/111) Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Semel E. M., 2000, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Smilek D, 2006, BRAIN RES, V1080, P101, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.090 Sparrow SS, 2005, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Tager-Flusberg H., 2003, AUTISM MIND BRAIN, P43 van der Geest JN, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P669, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00055 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED NR 34 TC 51 Z9 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 834 EP 842 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02073.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 458AD UT WOS:000266980600009 PM 19298477 ER PT J AU Pickles, A Simonoff, E Conti-Ramsden, G Falcaro, M Simkin, Z Charman, T Chandler, S Loucas, T Baird, G AF Pickles, Andrew Simonoff, Emily Conti-Ramsden, Gina Falcaro, Milena Simkin, Zoe Charman, Tony Chandler, Susie Loucas, Tom Baird, Gillian TI Loss of language in early development of autism and specific language impairment SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Language loss; autism; specific language impairment (SLI); early language development; SNAP ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; REGRESSION; CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION; PREVALENCE; PHENOTYPE; SLI; ADOLESCENTS; SUBGROUPS AB Background: Several authors have highlighted areas of overlap in symptoms and impairment among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with specific language impairment (SLI). By contrast, loss of language and broadly defined regression have been reported as relatively specific to autism. We compare the incidence of language loss and language progression of children with autism and SLI. Methods: We used two complementary studies: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) and the Manchester Language Study (MLS) involving children with SLI. This yielded a combined sample of 368 children (305 males and 63 females) assessed in late childhood for autism, history of language loss, epilepsy, language abilities and nonverbal IQ. Results: language loss occurred in just 1% of children with SLI but in 15% of children classified as having autism or autism spectrum disorder. Loss was more common among children with autism rather than milder ASD and is much less frequently reported when language development is delayed. For children who lost language skills before their first phrases, the phrased speech milestone was postponed but long-term language skills were not significantly lower than children with autism but without loss. For the few who experienced language loss after acquiring phrased speech, subsequent cognitive performance is more uncertain. Conclusions: Language loss is highly specific to ASD. The underlying developmental abnormality may be more prevalent than raw data might suggest, its possible presence being hidden for children whose language development is delayed. C1 [Pickles, Andrew] Univ Manchester, Fac Med & Human Sci, Hlth Methodol Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Simonoff, Emily] Kings Coll London, London, England. [Charman, Tony; Chandler, Susie] UCL Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Loucas, Tom] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Pickles, A (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Med & Human Sci, Hlth Methodol Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM andrew.pickles@manchester.ac.uk RI Pickles, Andrew/A-9625-2011; Simonoff, Emily/B-7593-2011; Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Pickles, Andrew/0000-0003-1283-0346; Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baird G, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1827, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0571-9 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Bishop DVM, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P917, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00114 Botting N, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P317, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00355.x Clayton D., 1999, STATA TECH B, V51, P32 ContiRamsden G, 1997, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V40, P765 Conti-Ramsden G, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P145, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2004/013) Conti-Ramsden G, 1999, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V42, P1195 Conti-Ramsden G, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P621, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01584.x Cox DR, 1972, J R STAT SOC B, V187, P220 Durkin K, 2007, CHILD DEV, V78, P1441, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01076.x Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Freese Jeremy, 2006, REGRESSION MODELS CA, V2nd Hansen RL, 2008, AMBUL PEDIATR, V8, P25, DOI 10.1016/j.ambp.2007.08.006 Howlin P, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P561, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005806 KAPLAN EL, 1958, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V457, P481 Kjelgaard MM, 2001, LANG COGNITIVE PROC, V16, P287 Landa R, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P629, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01531.x Landa RJ, 2007, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V64, P853, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.853 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leonard L., 2003, DEFINITION SLI, P209 LEONARD LB, 1998, CHILDREN SPECIFIC LA LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P936, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00287.x Loucas T, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P1184, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01951.x Luyster R, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P311, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_2 Ozonoff S, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P461, DOI 10.1177/1362361305057880 Parr JR, 2006, MOL PSYCHIATR, V11, P617, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001833 Pickles A, 1996, J ROY STAT SOC A STA, V159, P225, DOI 10.2307/2983170 Raven JC, 1990, COLOURED PROGR MATRI Raven John C., 1990, STANDARD PROGR MATRI Richler J, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P299, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0070-1 Risi S, 2006, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V45, P1094, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e Royston P., 2004, STATA J, V4, P227, DOI DOI 10.1037//1082-989X.7.2.147 Rubin D., 1987, MULTIPLE IMPUTATION Semel E., 1987, CLIN EVALUATION LANG Shinnar S, 2001, PEDIATR NEUROL, V24, P183 StataCorp, 2005, STAT STAT SOFTW REL Tuchman RF, 1997, PEDIATRICS, V99, P560, DOI 10.1542/peds.99.4.560 Wechsler D., 1992, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC Werner E, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P889, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.889 Whitehouse AJO, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P822, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01765.x World Health Organization, 1993, MENT DIS GLOSS GUID NR 46 TC 36 Z9 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02032.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 458AD UT WOS:000266980600010 PM 19527315 ER PT J AU Henderson, HA Zahka, NE Kojkowski, NM Inge, AP Schwartz, CB Hileman, CM Coman, DC Mundy, PC AF Henderson, Heather A. Zahka, Nicole E. Kojkowski, Nicole M. Inge, Anne P. Schwartz, Caley B. Hileman, Camilla M. Coman, Drew C. Mundy, Peter C. TI Self-referenced memory, social cognition, and symptom presentation in autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; self-referenced memory; social cognition; social symptoms ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MEDIAL-FRONTAL-CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; MENTAL STATES; CHILDREN; MIND; CONSCIOUSNESS; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: We examined performance on a self-referenced memory (SRM) task for higher-functioning children with autism (HFA) and a matched comparison group. SRM performance was examined in relation to symptom severity and social cognitive tests of mentalizing. Method: Sixty-two children (31 HFA, 31 comparison; 8-16 years) completed a SRM task in which they read a list of words and decided whether the word described something about them, something about Harry Potter, or contained a certain number of letters. They then identified words that were familiar from a longer list. Dependent measures were memory performance (d') in each of the three encoding conditions as well as a selfmemory bias score (d' self-d' other). Children completed The Strange Stories Task and The Children's Eyes Test as measures of social cognition. Parents completed the SCQ and ASSQ as measures of symptom severity. Results: Children in the comparison sample showed the standard SRM effect in which they recognized significantly more self-referenced words relative to words in the other-referenced and letter conditions. In contrast, HFA children showed comparable rates of recognition for self-and other-referenced words. For all children, SRM performance improved with age and enhanced SRM performance was related to lower levels of social problems. These associations were not accounted for by performance on the mentalizing tasks. Conclusions: Children with HFA did not show the standard enhanced processing of self-vs. other-relevant information. Individual differences in the tendency to preferentially process self-relevant information may be associated with social cognitive processes that serve to modify the expression of social symptoms in children with autism. C1 [Henderson, Heather A.; Zahka, Nicole E.; Kojkowski, Nicole M.; Inge, Anne P.; Schwartz, Caley B.; Hileman, Camilla M.; Coman, Drew C.] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33146 USA. [Mundy, Peter C.] UC Davis, Sch Educ, Davis, CA USA. [Mundy, Peter C.] UC Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA USA. RP Henderson, HA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Miami, FL 33146 USA. EM h.henderson@miami.edu CR Amodio DM, 2006, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V7, P268, DOI 10.1038/nrn1884 Baron-Cohen S., 2001, J DEV LEARNING DISOR, V5, P47 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Castelli F, 2002, BRAIN, V125, P1839, DOI 10.1093/brain/awf189 Craik FIM, 1999, PSYCHOL SCI, V10, P26, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.00102 Decety J, 2003, TRENDS COGN SCI, V7, P527, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.004 Ehlers S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P129, DOI 10.1023/A:1023040610384 Frith U, 1999, MIND LANG, V14, P1 Gordon R., 1986, MIND LANG, V1, P158, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.1986.tb00324.x HAPPE FGE, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P129, DOI 10.1007/BF02172093 Henderson H, 2006, BRAIN COGNITION, V61, P96, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.12.009 Hobson R. 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V., 2007, PLOS ONE, V9, P1 Millward C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P15, DOI 10.1023/A:1005455926727 Mundy P, 2003, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V44, P793, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00165 Mundy P, 2007, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V16, P269, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00518.x Oberman LM, 2007, PSYCHOL BULL, V133, P310, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.310 OZONOFF S, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1107, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00352.x Russell J., 1997, AUTISM EXECUTIVE DIS, P256 Symons CS, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V121, P371, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.371 Toichi M, 2002, AM J PSYCHIAT, V159, P1422, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1422 Wang AT, 2007, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V64, P698, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.64.6.698 Welch-Ross MK, 1999, COGNITIVE DEV, V14, P401, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2014(99)00012-X Williams P., 2003, 2 PSYCH CORP YAMAMOTO Y, 2004, JAPANESE J CHILD ADO, V45, P17 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 853 EP 861 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02059.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 458AD UT WOS:000266980600011 PM 19298471 ER PT J AU Landry, O Mitchell, PL Burack, JA AF Landry, Oriane Mitchell, Peter L. Burack, Jacob A. TI Orienting of visual attention among persons with autism spectrum disorders: reading versus responding to symbolic cues SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; endogenous orienting; attention; spatial cuing; voluntary control; autistic disorder; cognition; reaction time; visuo-spatial function-age ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDREN; MOVEMENT; DEFICITS; ARROW; GAZE; EYES AB Background: Are persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) slower than typically developing individuals to read the meaning of a symbolic cue in a visual orienting paradigm? Methods: Participants with ASD (n = 18) and performance mental age (PMA) matched typically developing children (n = 16) completed two endogenous orienting conditions in which the cue exposure time and response preparation time were manipulated within a consistent series of cue- target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Results: Participants with ASD displayed facilitation effects at all SOAs, whereas typically developing children displayed facilitation effects only at shorter SOAs. The magnitude of the facilitation effect was greater for the group with ASD at 400ms SOA. Both groups showed similar effects of condition, with similar patterns of facilitation in both conditions. Conclusion: Persons with ASD were not slower to read the symbolic cue, as the effect was elicited by brief cues within longer SOAs before target onset. The participants with ASD were also less efficient in using the predictability of the cues to guide responding. The difficulties of participants with ASD on endogenous orienting occur at the response selection level, not the perceptual level. C1 [Landry, Oriane] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Social Sci Ctr, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Mitchell, Peter L.] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Burack, Jacob A.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Burack, Jacob A.] Hop Riviere des Prairies, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Landry, O (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Social Sci Ctr, Room 7418, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. EM olandry2@uwo.ca CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Burack J. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 862 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02049.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 458AD UT WOS:000266980600012 PM 19527316 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, R Mitchell, P Ropar, D AF Ramachandran, Rajani Mitchell, Peter Ropar, Danielle TI Do individuals with autism spectrum disorders infer traits from behavior? SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; traits; theory of mind; inferences ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; MIND AB Background: Traits and mental states are considered to be inter-related parts of theory of mind. Attribution research demonstrates the influential role played by traits in social cognition. However, there has been little investigation into how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) understand traits. Method: The ability of individuals with ASD to infer traits from descriptions of behavior was investigated by asking participants to read trait-implying sentences and then to choose one of two words that best related to the sentence. Results: In Experiment 1, individuals with ASD performed similarly to matched controls in being faster at choosing the trait in comparison to the semantic associate of one of the words in the sentence. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 provided converging evidence in suggesting that inferring traits from textual descriptions of behavior occurs with relatively little effort. The results of Experiment 3 suggested that making trait inferences took priority over inferring actions or making semantic connections between words. Conclusions: Individuals with ASD infer traits from descriptions of behavior effortlessly and spontaneously. The possibility of trait inference being a spared socio-cognitive function in autism is discussed. C1 [Ropar, Danielle] Univ Nottingham, Dept Psychol, Nottingham NG9 1JA, England. RP Ropar, D (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Dept Psychol, Nottingham NG9 1JA, England. 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Sharma, Anu TI Motor-auditory-visual integration: The role of the human mirror neuron system in communication and communication disorders SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual ASHA-NIH Research Symposium on Neurobiological Determinants of Communication Development CY NOV 21, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASHA, NIH ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PREMOTOR CORTEX; EEG EVIDENCE; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; DYSFUNCTION; IMITATION; LANGUAGE; HEARING; SOUNDS AB The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a trimodal system composed of neuronal populations that respond to motor, visual, and auditory stimulation, such as when an action is performed, observed, heard or read about. In humans, the MNS has been identified using neuroimaging techniques (such as fMRI and mu suppression in the EEG). It reflects an integration of motor-auditory-vi suit I information processing related to aspects of language learning including action understanding and recognition. Such integration may also form the basis for language-related constructs such as theory of mind. In this article, we review the MNS system as it relates to the cognitive development of language in typically developing children and in children at-risk for communication disorders, such as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or heating impairment. Studying MNS development in these children may help illuminate an important role of the MNS in children with communication disorders. Studies with deaf children are especially important because they offer potential insights into how the MNS is reorganized when one modality, Such as audition, is deprived during early cognitive development, and this may have long-term consequences on language maturation and theory of mind abilities. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to (1) understand the concept of mirror neurons, (2) identify cortical areas associated with the MINIS in animal and human studies, (3) discuss the use of mu suppression in the EEG for measuring the MNS in humans, and (4) discuss MNS dysfunction in children with (ASD). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Bel, Ronald M.; Sharma, Anu] CU Boulder, Inst Cognit Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Le Bel, Ronald M.] CU Boulder, Dept Philosophy, Boulder, CO USA. [Le Bel, Ronald M.; Sharma, Anu] CU Boulder, Dept Speech Language & Hearing Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Pineda, Jaime A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pineda, Jaime A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), 2501 Kittredge Loop Rd,409 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 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Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 42 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2009.03.011 PG 6 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 461CD UT WOS:000267241100008 PM 19419735 ER PT J AU Alloway, TP Rajendran, G Archibald, LMD AF Alloway, Tracy Packiam Rajendran, Gnanathusharan Archibald, Lisa M. D. TI Working Memory in Children With Developmental Disorders SO JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE working memory; Specific Language Impairment; Developmental Coordination Disorder; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Asperger syndrome ID MODERATE LEARNING-DIFFICULTIES; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; COORDINATION DISORDER; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; AUTISM SPECTRUM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOTOR ABILITY; SKILLS; SPAN AB The aim of the present study was to directly compare working memory skills across students with different developmental disorders to investigate whether the uniqueness of their diagnosis would impact memory skills. The authors report findings confirming differential memory profiles on the basis of the following developmental disorders: Specific Language Impairment, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Asperger syndrome (AS). Specifically, language impairments were associated with selective deficits in verbal short-term and working memory, whereas motor impairments (DCD) were associated with selective deficits in visuospatial short-term and working memory. Children with attention problems were impaired in working memory in both verbal and visuospatial domains, whereas the children with AS had deficits in verbal short-term memory but not in any other memory component. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of support for learning. C1 [Alloway, Tracy Packiam] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Rajendran, Gnanathusharan] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Archibald, Lisa M. D.] Univ Western Ontario, Sch Commun Sci & Disorders, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Archibald, Lisa M. D.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Alloway, TP (reprint author), Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. 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Tassone, Flora TI Expansion of an FMR1 Grey-Zone Allele to a Full Mutation in Two Generations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; CGG REPEAT; INTERMEDIATE ALLELE; GENE; INSTABILITY; PREMUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; AUTISM; POPULATION; HAPLOTYPES AB Fragile X Syndrome is caused by the expansion of an unstable CGG-repeat tract in the 5'-UTR of the FMR1 gene, which generally results in transcriptional silencing and consequent absence of the FMR1 protein. To date, the smallest premutation allele reported to expand to a full mutation allele in a single generation is 59 CGG repeats. Here, we report a single-generation expansion to a full mutation allele (mate with similar to 538 CCG repeats) from a mother who is a carrier of a premutation allele of 56 CGG repeats. Furthermore, the maternal grandfather was a carrier of a gray (or intermediate)-zone allele (45 to 54 repeats) of 52 CGG repeats. Thus, in this family, a gray-zone allele expanded to the full mutation range in two generations. Interestingly, the two AGG interruptions present in the grandfather's allele were absent in the mother's premutation allele. These observations underscore the need to consider carriers of alleles of greater than 55 CGG repeats as being at risk for transmission of a full mutation allele in a single generation, and those with even smaller alleles in the gray zone as being at risk of having grandchildren with full mutation alleles. (J Mol Diagn 2009, 11:306-310, DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080174) C1 [Fernandez-Carvajal, Isabel; Lopez Posadas, Blanca] Univ Valladolid, CSIC, Inst Biol & Genet Mol, Unidad Diagnost Genet & Perinatal,Lab Genet Human, Valladolid, Spain. [Pan, Ruiqin; Raske, Christopher; Hagerman, Paul J.; Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hagerman, Paul J.; Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis Hlth Syst, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Fernandez-Carvajal, I (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, CSIC, Inst Biol & Genet Mol, Unidad Diagnost Genet & Perinatal,Lab Genet Human, Lab B-3, Valladolid, Spain. EM metabol@ped.uva.es; ftassone@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Child Health and Development [R01 HD02274]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [GO3/098, P105098] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Child Health and Development Grant R01 HD02274 (F.T.) and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (GO3/098 and P105098) (I.F.). 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RP Spreckley, M (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Uncle Bobs Child Dev Ctr, Dept Dev Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RI Boyd, Roslyn/A-4498-2011 OI Boyd, Roslyn/0000-0002-4919-5975 CR Eikeseth S, 2002, BEHAV MODIF, V26, P49, DOI 10.1177/0145445502026001004 Eikeseth S, 2007, BEHAV MODIF, V31, P264, DOI 10.1177/0145445506291396 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Moseley AM, 2008, AUST J PHYSIOTHER, V54, P288 Sallows GO, 2005, AM J MENT RETARD, V110, P417, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2 Smith T, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P269, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0269:RTOIEI>2.0.CO;2 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 152 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.066 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 466OU UT WOS:000267672600047 ER PT J AU Hyman, M AF Hyman, Mia TI Standing at Sinai With Autism A Young Man's Bar Mitzvah Journey SO JOURNAL OF POSITIVE BEHAVIOR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE autism; positive behavior support; Bar Mitzvah; Judaism; inclusion ID POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; JEWISH CHILDREN; PARENTS; TIME AB This article describes the journey that a family and community took to prepare Leon, a young man with autism, for his Bar Mitzvah. A positive behavior support (PBS) intervention was used to prepare Leon for this symbolic rite of passage into the Jewish culture. He had specific problem behaviors that needed to be addressed for him to participate in the ceremony. Specifically, his problem behaviors included noncompliance, inappropriate self-touching in public places, and difficulty sitting for long periods of time. Setting event, predictor, teaching, and consequence strategies were put into place to address these issues. The outcome of these supports was twofold: Not only did Leon successfully participate in all aspects of his Bar Mitzvah ceremony and celebration, but in so doing, he also provided a lesson about inclusion and hope to his community. C1 [Hyman, Mia] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Hyman, M (reprint author), May Ctr Child Dev, 41 Pacella Pk Dr, Randolph, MA 02368 USA. EM mhyman@mayinstitute.org CR BALSAMO T, 2004, SOULS BENEATH AUTISM Bennett T, 1995, J RELIG HEALTH, V34, P301, DOI 10.1007/BF02248739 Boettcher M, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P55, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010901 Carr EG, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P4, DOI 10.1177/109830070200400102 Clarke S, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P131, DOI 10.1177/10983007020040030201 Cooper J. O., 2007, APPL BEHAV ANAL Coulthart P., 1999, MENTAL HLTH RELIG CU, V2, P19, DOI DOI 10.1080/13674679908406329 Dettmer S., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P163, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500307 DUNLAP G, 1993, COMMUNICATIVE ALTERN, P177 Gray DE, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P970, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00933.x Horner R. H., 1996, POSITIVE BEHAV SUPPO, P381 Hornstein B, 1997, MENT RETARD, V35, P485, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(1997)035<0485:HTRCCS>2.0.CO;2 KAZDIN AE, 2001, BEHAV MODIFICATION A MAGITOMCLAUGHLI.D, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V7, P47 Marshall J. K., 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P216, DOI 10.1177/10883576020170040401 O'Neill R. E., 1997, FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMEN, V2nd Rao S., 2006, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V38, P26 RICCI J, 2007, LOS ANGELES TIM 1223, pB1 Richman DM, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P289, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-289 SALKIN JK, 1996, PUTTING GOD GUEST LI Schreibman L., 2000, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V2, P3, DOI 10.1177/109830070000200102 SCHWARTZ IS, 2005, FOCUS BEHAV ANAL ED, P239 Shogren K., 2005, J RELIG DISABILITY H, V9, P29, DOI DOI 10.1300/J095V09N01_03 Smith RG, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P343, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-343 Tarakeshwar N., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P247, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760101600408 TRACHTMAN I, 2007, PRAYING LIOR Vogel G, 2003, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V38, P314 Vogel G, 2004, MENT RETARD, V42, P294, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2004)42<294:SOABMC>2.0.CO;2 Winter-Messiers M., 2007, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V22, P67, DOI 10.1177/10883576070220020701 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1098-3007 J9 J POSIT BEHAV INTERV JI J. Posit. Behav. Interv. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1177/1098300708329012 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Education, Special SC Psychology; Education & Educational Research GA 460JP UT WOS:000267184300006 ER PT J AU Anderson, GM AF Anderson, George M. TI Conceptualizing Autism: The Role for Emergence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANTILE-AUTISM C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Anderson, GM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM george.anderson@yale.edu CR Anderson GM, 2008, AUTISM RES, V1, P18, DOI 10.1002/aur.2 GOODMAN R, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF02212939 Gottesman II, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P636, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 Happe F, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P1218, DOI 10.1038/nn1770 Loscalzo J., 2007, MOL SYSTEMS BIOL, V3, P1 Lykken DT, 2006, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V5, P306, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00233.x McBride PA, 1996, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V53, P980 MINDERAA RB, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P409, DOI 10.1007/BF01531785 WING L, 1971, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V1, P256, DOI 10.1007/BF01557347 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 48 IS 7 BP 688 EP 691 DI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181a5e3d5 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 460ZA UT WOS:000267230700004 PM 19542823 ER PT J AU Ito, T AF Ito, Tetsuya TI Children's toxicology from bench to bed - Liver Injury (1): Drug-induced metabolic disturbance - Toxicity of 5-FU for pyrimidine metabolic disorders and pivalic acid for carnitine metabolism SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Society-of-Toxicology CY JUN, 2008 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Toxicol DE Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; Dihydropyrimidinase; Pivalic acid; Carnitine ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; URINE AB Congenital disorders of metabolism show a wide spectrum of symptoms as a consequence of impairment of a certain metabolic pathway by mutated enzymes resulting in abnormal accumulation of enzyme substrates, deficiency of expected products, and abnormal burden to collateral metabolic pathways, etc. However, in some occasions, depending on which pathway LIP to what degree of disturbance, it call be asymptomatic until a certain kind of burden is placed on to the patient. Enzyme deficiency involved in pyrimidine degradation, Such as Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), has been reported with convulsion or autism as symptoms, but many asymptomatic cases are also reported. However, when the patients are treated with 5-fluorouracil, a pyrimidine analogue anticancer drug, lethal side-effects call be seen even in asymptomatic patients. Some oral cephem antibiotics have pivalic acid side chain to increase absorption rate at intestine. These antibiotics degrade into active antibiotics and pivalic acid at the intestinal wall. This pivalic acid is carnitine-conjugated and excreted into Urine. Carnitine acts as a carrier of long chain fatty acid to mitochondria and to beta-oxidation, thus all important Molecule for energy production by beta-oxidation and maintenance of mitochondrial function. Because of this, long term administration Of Such antibiotics Could induce depletion of carnitine from the body and lead to low ketotic hypoglycemia, Convulsion and Consciousness disturbance. This paper reports some possible serious side effects closely linked to drug metabolism. C1 Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neonatol & Pediat, Mizuho Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. RP Ito, T (reprint author), Nagoya City Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neonatol & Pediat, Mizuho Ku, 1 Kawasumi,Mizuho Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. EM itotetsu@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp CR Imaeda M, 2000, TOHOKU J EXP MED, V190, P23, DOI 10.1620/tjem.190.23 Maeda T, 1999, J CHROMATOGR B, V731, P267, DOI 10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00233-9 Maeda Y, 2007, RAPID COMMUN MASS SP, V21, P799, DOI 10.1002/rcm.2905 MELEGH B, 1987, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V36, P3405, DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90318-2 Ohba S, 1995, PURINE PYRIMIDINE ME, V8, P383 Van Kuilenburg ABP, 2001, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V24, P725, DOI 10.1023/A:1012997406132 Webster DR, 2001, METABOLIC MOL BASES, P2663 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 PU JAPANESE SOC TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI TOKYO PA INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL INFORMATION CENTER, SHINANOMACHI RENGAKAN, 35 SHINANO-MACHI, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 0388-1350 EI 1880-3989 J9 J TOXICOL SCI JI J. Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 34 SI 2 BP SP217 EP SP222 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478SD UT WOS:000268607700004 PM 19571472 ER PT J AU Carlson, L Kittay, EF AF Carlson, Licia Kittay, Eva Feder TI INTRODUCTION: RETHINKING PHILOSOPHICAL PRESUMPTIONS IN LIGHT OF COGNITIVE DISABILITY SO METAPHILOSOPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cognitive disability; cognitive impairment; normalcy; intellectual and developmental disability; mental retardation; Alzheimer's disease; autism; progressive dementia; justice; care; agency; metaphilosophy; moral status; personhood; animal rights; social model of disability; bioethics; surrogacy; guardianship; autonomy; Americans with Disabilities Act; John Rawls; capability theory; discrimination; racism; cognitive enhancement; speciesism ID JUSTICE; PATERNALISM AB This Introduction to the collection of essays surveys the philosophical literature to date with respect to five central questions: justice, care, agency, metaphilosophical issues regarding the language and representation of cognitive disability, and personhood. These themes are discussed in relation to three specific conditions: intellectual and developmental disabilities, Alzheimer's disease, and autism, though the issues raised are relevant to a broad range of cognitive disabilities. The Introduction offers a brief historical overview of the treatment cognitive disability has received from philosophers, and explains the specific challenges that cognitive disability poses to philosophy. In briefly summarizing the essays in the collection, it highlights the distinctive contributions the collection makes to ethics, political philosophy, bioethics, and the philosophy of disability. We hope that the richness of the topics explored by these essays will be a spur to further investigation. C1 [Carlson, Licia] Providence Coll, Dept Philosophy, Providence, RI 02918 USA. [Kittay, Eva Feder] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, New York, NY 11794 USA. RP Carlson, L (reprint author), Providence Coll, Dept Philosophy, 549 River Ave, Providence, RI 02918 USA. EM acarlso1@providence.edu; eva.kittay@stonybrook.edu CR AGICH GJ, 1995, ETHICAL COCNEPTUAL D, P113 Amundson Ron, 2000, STUD HIST PHILOS M P, V31, P33, DOI 10.1016/S1369-8486(99)00033-3 Asch Adrienne, 2000, PRENATAL TESTING DIS Beauchamp T. L., 2001, PRINCIPLES BIOMEDICA Berube M., 1996, LIFE WE KNOW IT FATH BIRENBAUM A, 1970, J HEALTH SOC BEHAV, V11, P196, DOI 10.2307/2948301 BYRNE P, 2000, PHILOS ETHICAL PROBL CARLSON L, 2003, SCI OTHER CULTURES I, P154 Carlson L., 2001, HYPATIA, V16, P124, DOI 10.2979/HYP.2001.16.4.124 CARLSON L, FACES INTEL IN PRESS CONNERS D, 1985, POWER EACH BREATH DI Darling R. B., 1979, FAMILIES SOC STUDY R Davis L. 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S., 2000, FUTURE DISABLED LIBE Reinders Hans S., 2008, RECEIVING GIFT FRIEN Reinders JS, 2002, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V46, P1, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00386.x RIMER S, 1998, NY TIMES 0315, P1 RIMER S, 1998, NY TIMES 0315, P22 Seltzer M, 1994, LIFE COURSE PERSPECT, P3 Silvers A, 1996, J MED PHILOS, V21, P209 SILVERS A, 1999, EMBODYING BIOETHICS, P177 Silvers Anita, 1995, HYPATIA, V10, P30 Silvers Anita, 1998, DISABILITY DIFFERENC Singer P., 1995, ANIMAL LIBERATION Singer P, 1993, COMPANION ETHICS Stark CA, 2007, J POLIT PHILOS, V15, P127, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00257.x Stubblefield A., 2007, HYPATIA, V22, P162, DOI 10.2979/HYP.2007.22.2.162 Thomson Rosemarie Garland, 1997, EXTRAORDINARY BODIES Tooley Michael, 1984, ABORTION INFANTICIDE Tremain Shelley, 2006, Hypatia, V21, P35, DOI 10.2979/HYP.2006.21.1.35 Tremain Shelley, 2005, FOUCAULT GOVT DISABI Tremain Shelley, 2002, DISABILITY POSTMODER, P32 VEATCH RM, 1986, FDN JUSTICE WHY RETA Wendell S., 1996, REJECTED BODY FEMINI Wendell S, 1989, Hypatia, V4, P104 WIKLER D, 1979, PHILOS PUBLIC AFF, V8, P377 Williams B., 2008, PHILOS HUMANISTIC DI, P135 Wong Sophia Isako, 2002, Hypatia, V17, P89, DOI 10.2979/HYP.2002.17.3.89 NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0026-1068 J9 METAPHILOSOPHY JI Metaphilosophy PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 330 PG 24 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 496MN UT WOS:000269978400001 ER PT J AU Hacking, I AF Hacking, Ian TI HOW WE HAVE BEEN LEARNING TO TALK ABOUT AUTISM: A ROLE FOR STORIES SO METAPHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article DE autism; Kohler; language; neurotypical; Vygotsky AB Autism fiction has become a genre of novel-writing in its own right. Many examples are given in the essay. What does this activity do for us? There used to be no language in which autistic experience could be described. One characteristic difficulty for autistic people is understanding what other people are doing. So absence of a discourse of autistic experience is to be expected. Analyses advanced by Wolfgang Kohler and Lev Vygotsky already made plain long ago that social interaction is a precondition for a language of the inner life. One role for the wave of autism stories now being published, is to create such a language of autism. This in turn affects how autistic people think of themselves. It certainly affects how nonautistic, "neurotypical," individuals think about autism. Not all of this is a good thing, for all too many stories foster images of "the" autistic person as having special gifts that ordinary people lack. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Philosophy, Toronto, ON M5R 2M8, Canada. RP Hacking, I (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Philosophy, 170 St George St, Toronto, ON M5R 2M8, Canada. EM ian.hacking@college-de-france.fr CR Bowler D, 2007, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO *CIC, 2001, CIC ID OR Coupland D., 2006, JPOD Coupland D, 1991, GENERATION DRAAISMA D, 2008, SARTONIANA, V21, P23 Draaisma D, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1475, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0324 ELLIS M, 2005, TACOS ANYONE ALGUIEN, V2 FOSSUM K, 2004, HE WHO FEARS WOLF FOSSUM K, 2007, BLACK SECONDS HACKING I, 2009, DAEDALUS HACKING I, U TORONTO Q IN PRESS Hacking I., 2007, P BRIT ACAD, V151, P285, DOI DOI 10.5871/BACAD/9780197264249.003.0010 Hacking I, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1467, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0329 Hacking I., 1998, MAD TRAVELERS REFLEC Hacking Ian, 1986, RECONSTRUCTING INDIV, P222 Hacking Ian, 1995, REWRITING SOUL MULTI Haddon M., 2003, CURIOUS INCIDENT DOG HOOPMANN K, 2000, BLUE BOTTLE MYSTERY HOOPMANN K, 2001, MICE ALIENS James William, 1907, PRAGMATISM NEW NAME KELLN B, 2008, TONGUES DEAD Kohler W., 1929, GESTALT PSYCHOL LATIOLAIS M, 2008, PROPER KNOWLEDGE Leimbach Marti, 2006, DANIEL ISNT TALKING LEVINE CA, 2007, J GROWS ALIEN LIVESEY M, 2004, BANISHING VERONA Lord C., 2006, RULES MCGOVERN C, 2006, EYE CONTACT MENCIUS, 1960, SAYINGS MENCIUS Moon Elizabeth, 2003, SPEED DARK Morrall C, 2008, LANGUAGE OTHERS Sacks Oliver, 1995, ANTHR MARS 7 PARADOX Tobe Keiko, 2007, LIGHT RAISING AUTIST Vygotsky L. S., 1962, THOUGHT LANGUAGE Vygotsky Lev Semyonovitch, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER Wittgenstein Ludwig, 2001, PHILOS INVESTIGATION NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0026-1068 J9 METAPHILOSOPHY JI Metaphilosophy PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 499 EP 516 PG 18 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 496MN UT WOS:000269978400012 ER PT J AU Mcgeer, V AF Mcgeer, Victoria TI THE THOUGHT AND TALK OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM: REFLECTIONS ON IAN HACKING SO METAPHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article DE autism; narrative; theory of mind; Kohler's phenomena; Vygotsky; form of life; folk-psychology; norms ID IV ASPERGERS-DISORDER; MIND AB Ian Hacking proposes that ways of talking about autistic experience can shape, or even transform, what it is like to be autistic. I explore the grounds for two nonexclusive interpretations of this thesis. The informative interpretation holds that, because nonautistics cannot read mental states into autistic behaviour as they normally do with one another, autistic self-narratives give nonautistics unique insights into what it is like to be autistic. This in turn affects how nonautistics interact with autistic individuals, enriching their social environment in various ways. The more radical, transformative interpretation holds that autistic experience is itself moulded under the influence of developing a language-game for talking about autistic experience. I endorse both theses, albeit with some cautionary remarks. C1 Princeton Univ, Univ Ctr Human Values, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mcgeer, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Univ Ctr Human Values, 304 Louis Marx Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM vmcgeer@princeton.edu CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baggs A, 2007, MY LANGUAGE Frith U., 2003, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Frith U, 1999, MIND LANG, V14, P1 HACKING I, 2009, WE HAVE BEEN LEARNIN Hacking I, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1467, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0329 Heider F, 1944, AM J PSYCHOL, V57, P243, DOI 10.2307/1416950 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Klin A, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P831, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099006101 Klin A., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME Mayes SD, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P81, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001008 Mayes SD, 2001, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V29, P263, DOI 10.1023/A:1010337916636 MCGEER V, MODERN SCHO IN PRESS McGeer V, 2001, J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD, V8, P109 Ozonoff S., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P29, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300041003 Ryle G., 1949, CONCEPT MIND NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0026-1068 J9 METAPHILOSOPHY JI Metaphilosophy PD JUL PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 517 EP 530 PG 14 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 496MN UT WOS:000269978400013 ER PT J AU Lintas, C Sacco, R Garbett, K Mirnics, K Militerni, R Bravaccio, C Curatolo, P Manzi, B Schneider, C Melmed, R Elia, M Pascucci, T Puglisi-Allegra, S Reichelt, KL Persico, AM AF Lintas, C. Sacco, R. Garbett, K. Mirnics, K. Militerni, R. Bravaccio, C. Curatolo, P. Manzi, B. Schneider, C. Melmed, R. Elia, M. Pascucci, T. Puglisi-Allegra, S. Reichelt, K-L Persico, A. M. TI Involvement of the PRKCB1 gene in autistic disorder: significant genetic association and reduced neocortical gene expression SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; pervasive developmental disorders; PRKCB1; protein kinase C-beta; temporal cortex; TGF-beta ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PKC-BETA-II; DIABETIC-NEPHROPATHY; DIETARY INTERVENTION; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; OWN EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; CHILDREN AB Protein kinase C enzymes play an important role in signal transduction, regulation of gene expression and control of cell division and differentiation. The fsI and beta II isoenzymes result from the alternative splicing of the PKC beta gene (PRKCB1), previously found to be associated with autism. We performed a family-based association study in 229 simplex and 5 multiplex families, and a postmortem study of PRKCB1 gene expression in temporocortical gray matter (BA41/42) of 11 autistic patients and controls. PRKCB1 gene haplotypes are significantly associated with autism (P < 0.05) and have the autistic endophenotype of enhanced oligopeptiduria (P < 0.05). Temporocortical PRKCB1 gene expression was reduced on average by 35 and 31% for the PRKCB1-1 and PRKCB1-2 isoforms (P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively) according to qPCR. Protein amounts measured for the PKC beta II isoform were similarly decreased by 35% (P = 0.05). Decreased gene expression characterized patients carrying the 'normal' PRKCB1 alleles, whereas patients homozygous for the autism-associated alleles displayed mRNA levels comparable to those of controls. Whole genome expression analysis unveiled a partial disruption in the coordinated expression of PKC beta-driven genes, including several cytokines. These results confirm the association between autism and PRKCB1 gene variants, point toward PKC beta roles in altered epithelial permeability, demonstrate a significant downregulation of brain PRKCB1 gene expression in autism and suggest that it could represent a compensatory adjustment aimed at limiting an ongoing dysreactive immune process. Altogether, these data underscore potential PKC beta roles in autism pathogenesis and spur interest in the identification and functional characterization of PRKCB1 gene variants conferring autism vulnerability. Molecular Psychiatry (2009) 14, 705-718; doi:10.1038/mp.2008.21; published online 4 March 2008 C1 [Lintas, C.; Sacco, R.; Persico, A. M.] Univ Campus Bio Med, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00128 Rome, Italy. [Lintas, C.; Sacco, R.; Persico, A. M.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Lab Mol Psychiat & Psychiat Genet, Dept Expt Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Garbett, K.; Mirnics, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN USA. [Mirnics, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN USA. [Militerni, R.] Univ Naples 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. [Bravaccio, C.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Naples, Italy. [Curatolo, P.; Manzi, B.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy. [Bravaccio, C.] Ctr Autism Res & Educ, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Melmed, R.] SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Elia, M.] IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Unit Neurol & Clin Neurophysiopathol, Troina, EN, Italy. [Pascucci, T.; Puglisi-Allegra, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Psychol, Rome, Italy. [Pascucci, T.; Puglisi-Allegra, S.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, Lab Behav Neurobiol, Rome, Italy. [Reichelt, K-L] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Dept Pediat Res, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Univ Campus Bio Med, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Via Alvardo Portillo 21, I-00128 Rome, Italy. EM a.persico@unicampus.it RI Mirnics, Karoly/E-6730-2010 OI Mirnics, Karoly/0000-0002-5521-0254 FU Italian Ministry for University [2006058195]; National Alliance for Autism Research (Princeton, NJ); Cure Autism Now Foundation; Fondation Jerome Lejeune (Paris, France); VUKC [R01 MH079299, K02 MH070786] FX We gratefully acknowledge Laura Gaita and Rosanna D'Oronzio for technical assistance, Francis Rousseau and Anne Philippi (IntegraGen SA, Evry, France) for the genotyping and the population stratification analysis, Carlo Lenti and Roberto Rigardetto for contributing to patient recruitment, all the patients and families who generously contributed to these studies, and the Autism Tissue Program, Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, and Maryland NICHD Brain Tissue Center for providing the brain tissue samples. This work was supported by the Italian Ministry for University, Scientific Research and Technology (Programmi di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale, prot. no. 2006058195), the National Alliance for Autism Research (Princeton, NJ), the Cure Autism Now Foundation (Los Angeles, CA) and the Fondation Jerome Lejeune (Paris, France) to AMP, and by VUKC Startup Fund, R01 MH079299, and K02 MH070786 to KM. 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Psychiatr. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 7 BP 705 EP 718 DI 10.1038/mp.2008.21 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 461QV UT WOS:000267284800007 PM 18317465 ER PT J AU Anderson, BM Schnetz-Boutaud, NC Bartlett, J Wotawa, AM Wright, HH Abramson, RK Cuccaro, ML Gilbert, JR Pericak-Vance, MA Haines, JL AF Anderson, B. M. Schnetz-Boutaud, N. C. Bartlett, J. Wotawa, A. M. Wright, H. H. Abramson, R. K. Cuccaro, M. L. Gilbert, J. R. Pericak-Vance, M. A. Haines, J. L. TI Examination of association of genes in the serotonin system to autism SO NEUROGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Serotonin; SNPs; Linkage; Association ID CHILD PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; 5-HT3 RECEPTOR; GENOMIC SCREEN; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; LINKAGE; HTR3A; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS AB Autism is characterized as one of the pervasive developmental disorders, a spectrum of often severe behavioral and cognitive disturbances of early development. The high heritability of autism has driven multiple efforts to identify genetic variation that increases autism susceptibility. Numerous studies have suggested that variation in peripheral and central metabolism of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. We screened 403 autism families for 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms in ten serotonin pathway candidate genes. Although genome-wide linkage scans in autism have provided support for linkage to various loci located within the serotonin pathway, our study does not provide strong evidence for linkage to any specific gene within the pathway. The most significant association (p = 0.0002; p = 0.02 after correcting for multiple comparisons) was found at rs1150220 (HTR3A) located on chromosome 11 (similar to 113 Mb). To test specifically for multilocus effects, multifactor dimensionality reduction was employed, and a significant two-way interaction (p value = 0.01) was found between rs10830962, near MTNR1B (chromosome11; 92,338,075 bp), and rs1007631, near SLC7A5 (chromosome16; 86,413,596 bp). These data suggest that variation within genes on the serotonin pathway, particularly HTR3A, may have modest effects on autism risk. C1 [Anderson, B. M.; Schnetz-Boutaud, N. C.; Bartlett, J.; Wotawa, A. M.; Haines, J. L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Anderson, B. M.; Schnetz-Boutaud, N. C.; Bartlett, J.; Wotawa, A. M.; Haines, J. L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Cuccaro, M. L.; Gilbert, J. R.; Pericak-Vance, M. A.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Wright, H. H.; Abramson, R. K.] Univ S Carolina, WS Hall Psychiat Inst, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Haines, JL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet Res, 519 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM jonathan@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu RI Haines, Jonathan/C-3374-2012 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NS026630, MH080647] FX We wish to thank both the patients with autism and their family members who agreed to participate in this study, as well as the personnel of the Center for Human Genetics Research at Vanderbilt University and the Miami Institute for Human Genomics at the University of Miami. We would like to thank M.J. Allen for her excellent technical support. 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Wicker, B. Berthoz, S. de Gelder, B. TI A failure to grasp the affective meaning of actions in autism spectrum disorder subjects SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Action observation; Emotion; Bodily movements; fMRI ID DYNAMIC BODY EXPRESSIONS; MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PREMOTOR CORTEX; TEMPORAL SULCUS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; BRAIN; AMYGDALA AB The ability to grasp emotional messages in everyday gestures and respond to them is at the core of successful social communication. The hypothesis that abnormalities in socio-emotional behavior in people with autism are linked to a failure to grasp emotional significance conveyed by gestures was explored. We measured brain activity using fMRI during perception of fearful or neutral actions and showed that whereas similar activation of brain regions known to play a role in action perception was revealed in both autistics and controls, autistics failed to activate amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus and premotor cortex when viewing gestures expressing fear. Our results support the notion that dysfunctions in this network may contribute significantly to the characteristic communicative impairments documented in autism. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grezes, J.] Ecole Normale Super, Cognit Neurosci Lab, INSERM, U960, F-75005 Paris, France. [Grezes, J.] Ecole Normale Super, DEC, F-75005 Paris, France. [Wicker, B.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cognit Mediterranee, F-13331 Marseille, France. [Berthoz, S.] Univ Paris 11, INSERM, U669, Paris, France. [Berthoz, S.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France. 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Hossein TI In-vivo rodent models for the experimental investigation of prenatal immune activation effects in neurodevelopmental brain disorders SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Animal model; Autism; Behavior; Cross-fostering; Cytokines; Genes; Immune system; Infection; Neurodevelopment; Pregnancy; Prevention; Schizophrenia ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DISEASE-VIRUS-INFECTION; POSTNATAL MATERNAL CONTRIBUTIONS; DISRUPTED LATENT INHIBITION; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; WHITE-MATTER INJURY; ANIMAL-MODEL; VIRAL-INFECTION; FETAL-BRAIN AB Based on the epidemiological association between maternal infection during pregnancy and enhanced risk of neurodevelopmental brain disorders in the offspring, a number of in-vivo models have been established in rats and mice in order to study this link oil an experimental basis. These models provide indispensable experimental tools to test the hypothesis of causality in human epidemiological associations, and to explore the critical neuroimmunological and developmental factors involved in shaping the vulnerability to infection-induced neurodevelopmental disturbances in humans. Here, we summarize the findings derived from numerous in-vivo models of prenatal infection and/or immune activation in rats and mice, including models of exposure to influenza virus, bacterial endotoxin, viral-like acute phase responses and specific pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we discuss the methodological aspects of these models in relation to their practical implementation and their translatability to the human condition. We highlight that these models can successfully examine the influence of the precise timing of maternal immune activation, the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and the contribution of gene-environment interactions in the association between prenatal immune challenge and postnatal brain dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss that in-vivo models of prenatal immune activation offer a unique opportunity to establish and evaluate early preventive interventions aiming to reduce the risk of long-lasting brain dysfunctions following prenatal exposure to infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meyer, Urs; Feldon, Joram] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Behav Neurobiol, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Meyer, U (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Behav Neurobiol, Schorenstr 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. EM urmeyer@ethz.ch FU Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Zurich [1107/03]; Swiss National Science Foundation [310000-118284/1]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [1 R01 HD046589-01A2]; NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Award FX The studies performed at the authors' institute were supported by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Zurich (grant - 1107/03; to UM and JF), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 310000-118284/1; to UM and JF), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant #1 R01 HD046589-01A2; to SHF). JF received additional support from a 2009 NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Award. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Andrea Engler for running the cytokine assays (Fig. 3), and to Stephanie Vuillermot for providing the photographs (Fig. 1). 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The specific genetic background that alters vulnerability to some environmental insults has been suggested in the etiology of autism; however, the specific pathomechanisms have not been identified. Recently, we showed that sera from children with autism alter the maturation of human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) in culture. Results suggest that pre-programmed neurogenesis, i.e., neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation, growth, and circuit organization, can be affected differently by factors present in autistic sera. In this report, we tested the effect of autistic sera on the vulnerability of NPCs to oxidative stress-a recognized risk factor of autism. We found that mild oxidative stress reduced proliferation of differentiating NPCs but not immature NPCs. This decrease of proliferation was less prominent in cultures treated with sera from children with autism than from age-matched controls. 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Res. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s12640-009-9052-y PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 444WH UT WOS:000266010600009 PM 19526302 ER PT J AU Limperopoulos, C Robertson, RL Sullivan, NR Bassan, H du Plessis, AJ AF Limperopoulos, Catherine Robertson, Richard L. Sullivan, Nancy R. Bassan, Haim du Plessis, Adre J. TI Cerebellar Injury in Term Infants: Clinical Characteristics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings, and Outcome SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; CHILDREN BORN; HEMORRHAGE; NEWBORN; AUTISM; BRAIN; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS AB Although cerebellar injury in the premature infant is an increasingly recognized form of neonatal brain injury, its structural and functional outcomes remain poorly defined in the term infant. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features and neurodevelopmental outcome in children, born at term, with cerebellar injury. Over a 5-year period, 20 infants were identified with ischemic (n = 3) or hemorrhagic (n = 17) cerebellar injury. Lesions were small (<1 cm) in 12 cases, and large in 8 cases. Prenatal and intrapartum factors frequently documented in term infants with cerebellar injury included primiparity (55%), advanced maternal age (30%), group B streptococcus-positive mothers (35%), abnormal fetal heart rate (35%), instrumented delivery (30%), and cesarean section (25%). At follow-up of 18 cases (median age, 32 months), 39% had neurologic abnormalities. Gross motor delays, expressive language deficits, and externalizing behavioral problems were the most common (44%). Cognitive deficits were present in one third of cases. Larger cerebellar lesions were associated with significantly lower cognitive, gross motor, expressive language, and social-behavioral scores. Cerebellar injury in the term infant is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities, particularly in infants with large cerebellar lesions. (C) 2009 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Limperopoulos, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Limperopoulos, Catherine; Bassan, Haim; du Plessis, Adre J.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Fetal Neonatal Neurol Res Grp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Robertson, Richard L.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sullivan, Nancy R.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Limperopoulos, C (reprint author), Montreal Childrens Hosp, 2300 Tupper St A-334, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. EM catherine.limperopoulos@mcgill.ca FU Hearst Foundation; LifeBridge Fund; Caroline Levine Foundation; Trust Family Foundation; Catherine Limpeopoulos; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canada Research Chair in Brain and Development FX This work was supported by the Hearst Foundation, the LifeBridge Fund. the Caroline Levine Foundation, and the Trust Family Foundation, Catherine Limpeopoulos was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program, Canada Research Chair in Brain and Development (Tier 2). CR Achenbach T. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.007 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 460OF UT WOS:000267196300001 PM 19520266 ER PT J AU Jovanovic-Privrodski, JD Kavecan, II Obrenovic, MR Buonadonna, LA Bukvic, NM AF Jovanovic-Privrodski, Jadranka D. Kavecan, Ivana I. Obrenovic, Milan R. Buonadonna, Lucia A. Bukvic, Nenad M. TI Autism and Hypoplastic Corpus Callosum in a Case of Monocentric Marker Chromosome 15 SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 15Q; AGENESIS AB An 8-year-old boy was diagnosed with autism, along with development delay, seizures, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. His karyotype was 47, XY, +mar.ish (15) (D15Z1+, SNRPN+, GABRB3+, PML-(de novo?). The supernumerary marker chromosome 15 with euchromatin was monosatellited and monocentric. 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Neurol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.004 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 460OF UT WOS:000267196300015 PM 19520280 ER PT J AU Patrianakos-Hoobler, AI Msall, ME Marks, JD Huo, DH Schreiber, MD AF Patrianakos-Hoobler, Athena I. Msall, Michael E. Marks, Jeremy D. Huo, Dezheng Schreiber, Michael D. TI Risk Factors Affecting School Readiness in Premature Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE chronic lung disease; developmental outcome; intraventricular hemorrhage; kindergarten readiness; neurodevelopmental outcome; periventricular leukomalacia; prematurity; respiratory distress; school-age follow-up; social disadvantage; socioeconomic status; very low birth weight ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; EXTREMELY PRETERM BIRTH; INHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; CEREBRAL-PALSY; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITY; FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT AB OBJECTIVE: With advances in neonatal care, more children born prematurely are successfully reaching school age. It is unknown how many will be ready for school and what factors affect school readiness. Our objective was to assess readiness of children born prematurely for entry into public school, and determine risk factors associated with lack of school readiness in this population. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Followup data were collected for 135 of 167 (81%) surviving premature infants with RDS requiring surfactant-replacement therapy. The children were seen between July 2005 and September 2006 ( average age: 5.7 +/- 1.0 years) and underwent standardized neurodevelopmental and health assessments and socioeconomic status classification. A 4-level school-readiness score was constructed by using each child's standardized scores on assessments of basic concepts ( Bracken School-Readiness Assessment), perceptual skills (Visual-Motor Integration Test), receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition), daily living functional skills ( Pediatric Functional Independence Measure), and presence of sensory impairments or autism. Proportional odds models were used to identify risk factors predicting lower school-readiness levels. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 1016 +/- 391 g, and mean gestational age was 27.5 +/- 2.6 weeks. Ninety-one (67%) children were school-ready. Using multivariate analysis, male gender, chronic lung disease, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia were associated with lower school-readiness levels. However, the most powerful factor determining school-readiness level was low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Interventions targeting neonatal morbidities may be much less effective at improving overall performance at school age compared with the effect of the impoverished social environment. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 258-267 C1 [Patrianakos-Hoobler, Athena I.; Msall, Michael E.; Marks, Jeremy D.; Schreiber, Michael D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Huo, Dezheng] Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. 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Here we use network analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity to characterize the organization of brain networks in 23 children (ages 7-9 y) and 22 young-adults (ages 19-22 y). Comparison of network properties, including path-length, clustering-coefficient, hierarchy, and regional connectivity, revealed that although children and young-adults' brains have similar "small-world" organization at the global level, they differ significantly in hierarchical organization and interregional connectivity. We found that subcortical areas were more strongly connected with primary sensory, association, and paralimbic areas in children, whereas young-adults showed stronger cortico-cortical connectivity between paralimbic, limbic, and association areas. Further, combined analysis of functional connectivity with wiring distance measures derived from white-matter fiber tracking revealed that the development of large-scale brain networks is characterized by weakening of short-range functional connectivity and strengthening of long-range functional connectivity. Importantly, our findings show that the dynamic process of over-connectivity followed by pruning, which rewires connectivity at the neuronal level, also operates at the systems level, helping to reconfigure and rebalance subcortical and paralimbic connectivity in the developing brain. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of network analysis of brain connectivity to elucidate key principles underlying functional brain maturation, paving the way for novel studies of disrupted brain connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. C1 [Supekar, Kaustubh] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Biomed Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Supekar, Kaustubh; Musen, Mark] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Informat Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Menon, Vinod] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Menon, Vinod] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Supekar, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Grad Program Biomed Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ksupekar@stanford.edu; menon@stanford.edu RI Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283 FU National Institutes of Health [HD047520, HD059205, NS058899]; National Science Foundation [BCS/DRL 0449927] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (HD047520, HD059205, NS058899) and the National Science Foundation (BCS/DRL 0449927). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Biol. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 7 IS 7 AR e1000157 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 475ZE UT WOS:000268405700010 PM 19621066 ER PT J AU Jablonski, M Sacha, P Grymek, A Ryczkowska, G AF Jablonski, Marcin Sacha, Pawel Grymek, Andrzej Ryczkowska, Gabriela TI Asperger's disorder diagnosed in the man treated with chronic and resistant emotional and behavioral disturbances - the case report SO PSYCHIATRIA POLSKA LA Polish DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; behavioural and emotional disturbances; case report ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ADULTS; FACES; MALES AB Asperger's disorder is a nosologic phenomena, that is similar to autism, and falls under the category of pervasive developmental disorders. 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TI Association between arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a) promoter region polymorphisms and prepulse inhibition SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a); Prepulse inhibition (PPI); Microsatellites (RS1 & RS3); Genetic association; Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT); Social cognition ID SENSORIMOTOR GATING DEFICITS; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; REACTION-TIME-TASK; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; BRATTLEBORO RATS; GENETIC INFLUENCES; STARTLE RESPONSE; AUTISM; MICE; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Arginine vasopressin and the arginine vasopressin I a (AVPR1a) gene contribute to a range of social behaviors both in tower vertebrates and in humans. Human promoter-region microsatellite repeat regions (RS1 and RS3) in the AVPR1a gene region have been associated with autism spectrum disorders, prosocial behavior and social cognition. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response to auditory stimuli is a largely autonomic response that resonates with social cognition in both animal models and humans. Reduced PPI has been observed in disorders including schizophrenia that are distinguished by deficits in social skills. In the current investigation association was examined between PPI and the AVPR1a RS1 and RS repeat regions and PPI in a group of 113 nonclinical subjects. Using a robust family-based strategy, association was observed between AVPR1a promoter-region repeat length, especially RS3) and PPI (30 ms: global p = 0.04; 60 ms p = 0.006; 120 ms p = 0.008). Notably, longer RS3 alleles were associated with greater levels of prepulse inhibition. Using a short/long classification scheme for the repeat regions, significant association was also observed between all three PPI intervals (30, 60 and 120 ms) and both RS1 and RS3 polymorphisms (PBAT: FBAT-PC(2) statistic p = 0.047). Tests of within-subject effects (SPSS GLM) showed significant sex x RS3 interactions at 30 ms (p = 0.045) and 60 ms (p = 0.01). Longer alleles, especially in mate subjects, are associated with significantly higher PPI response, consistent with a role for the promoter repeat region in partially molding social behavior in both animals and humans. This is the first report in humans demonstrating a role of the AVPR1a gene in contributing to the PPI response to auditory stimuli. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ebstein, Richard P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Scheinfeld Ctr Genet Studies Social Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Levin, Raz; Heresco-Levy, Uriel; Shalev, Idan; Ebstein, Richard P.] S Herzog Mem Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel. [Heresco-Levy, Uriel; Bachner-Melman, Rachel] Hadassah Med Org, Dept Psychiat, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ebstein, RP (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, Scheinfeld Ctr Genet Studies Social Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM ebstein@mscc.huji.ac.il RI Shalev, Idan/H-1943-2011 FU National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression NARSAD (RPE); Israel Science Foundation FX This study was generously supported by a Distinguished Investigator Award from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression NARSAD (RPE). Partial support was also provided by the Israel Science Foundation (founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to RPE). Neither NARSAD nor the ISF provided any further input into the study design, analysis, interpretation, or decision to publish this manuscript. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700002 ER PT J AU Thomson, K Martin, GL Arnal, L Fazzio, D Yu, CT AF Thomson, Kendra Martin, Garry L. Arnal, Lindsay Fazzio, Daniela Yu, C. T. TI Instructing individuals to deliver discrete-trials teaching to children with autism spectrum disorders: A review SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Discrete-trials teaching (DTT); Autism spectrum disorders; Instructing DTT ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; FEEDBACK; IMPLEMENTATION; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; TEACHERS; PARENTS AB Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) has been identified as the treatment of choice for children with autism spectrum disorders. A common strategy for conducting EIBI is discrete-trials teaching (DTT). There is a demand for research-based, economical, rapid training techniques to teach tutors and parents of children with autism to conduct DTT. This paper provides a review of research that has focused on teaching individuals how to conduct DTT. Considering the high demand for personnel trained in delivering DTT to children with autism, research in this field is highly warranted. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomson, Kendra; Martin, Garry L.; Arnal, Lindsay; Yu, C. T.] Univ Manitoba, St Pauls Coll 129, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. RP Martin, GL (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, St Pauls Coll 129, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 590 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.003 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700003 ER PT J AU Kroeger, KA Sorensen-Burnworth, R AF Kroeger, K. A. Sorensen-Burnworth, Rena TI Toilet training individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities: A critical review SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Toilet training; Continence; Autism; Developmental disabilities; Review ID DIURNAL BLADDER CONTROL; RETARDED-CHILDREN; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; RESPONSE RESTRICTION; RAPID METHOD; DRY BED; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; CONTINENCE; DISORDER AB The following article reviews the current-literature addressing toilet training individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. The review addresses programs typical to toilet training the developmental disability population, most of which are modeled after the original Foxx and Azrin [Azrin, N. H., & Foxx, R. M. (1971). A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded. Journal of Applied Behavior A nays is 4, 89-99; Foxx, R. M., & Azrin, N. H. (1973). Toilet training persons with developmental disabilities: A rapid program for day and nighttime independent toileting. Harrisburg, PA: Help Services Press] rapid toilet training methods. Components of such program:; are isolated and described in their contribution to toilet training models. Studies are then reviewed and compared for participant and study characteristics. Individual Studies validating toilet training programs are then discussed in light of their program components and efficacy. Shortcomings to Currently available programs are highlighted and future areas of study are Suggested. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kroeger, K. A.; Sorensen-Burnworth, Rena] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Kelly OLeary Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders,Med Ct, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Kroeger, KA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Kelly OLeary Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders,Med Ct, MLC 4002,3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Kimberly.Kroeger-Geoppinger@cchmc.org CR ANDO H, 1977, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V7, P151, DOI 10.1007/BF01537726 Averink M, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.02.001 AZRIN NH, 1971, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V4, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-89 AZRIN NH, 1971, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V4, P249, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-249 AZRIN NH, 1973, BEHAV RES THER, V11, P427, DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(73)90101-0 Baker B. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.005 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700004 ER PT J AU Benavides, CA Poulson, CL AF Benavides, Christian A. Poulson, Claire L. TI Task interspersal and performance of matching tasks by preschoolers with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Task interspersal; Matching-to-sample; Autism ID TEACH SIGHT WORDS; BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; STUDENTS; REINFORCEMENT; ACQUISITION; RETENTION; CHILDREN AB The current study examined the effects of task interspersal on the performance of matching-to-sample tasks by three children with autism. A pre-baseline assessed each child's mastery level of a large body of matching stimuli. These matching tasks included matching identical and non-identical animals, numbers, letters, and shapes. Through this assessment mastered and non-mastered matching-to-sample stimuli were determined empirically. Following a baseline condition that presented only non-mastered stimuli in Succession, treatment was introduced in a multiple-baseline design across children. During the treatment condition, trials with mastered stimuli were interspersed with trials with non-mastered stimuli. For all three children, the percentage of correct matching responses to the non-mastered Stimuli increased systematically with the introduction of the interspersal procedure. Following treatment, a third condition was conducted that reduced the total number of reinforcers available per session to baseline levels. The data demonstrated that all three participants maintained treatment levels of correct responding during this third condition. Thus the increased reinforcement density during treatment was not needed for maintenance of correct responding. The discussion addresses additional control procedures that Would be needed to evaluate the role of reinforcement density during treatment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Benavides, CA (reprint author), 4 Rolling Green Dr, Milford, MA 01757 USA. EM christianB72@yahoo.com CR Belfiore PJ, 2002, PSYCHOL SCHOOLS, V39, P171, DOI 10.1002/pits.10028 Browder DM, 1996, J SPEC EDUC, V29, P400 Cate G. L., 2005, J BEHAV ED, V14, P305, DOI 10.1007/s10864-005-8652-8 CHARLOP MH, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P795, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-795 COOK RD, 1993, STAT PROBABIL LETT, V16, P213, DOI 10.1016/0167-7152(93)90145-9 Cooke N. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.12.001 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700005 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, A Hale, MN O'Brien, HA Fischer, AJ Durocher, JS Alessandri, M AF Gutierrez, Anibal, Jr. Hale, Melissa N. O'Brien, Heather A. Fischer, Aaron J. Durocher, Jennifer S. Alessandri, Michael TI Evaluating the effectiveness of two commonly used discrete trial procedures for teaching receptive discrimination to young children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Discrimination training; Discrete trial; Receptive language ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT AB Discrete trial teaching procedures have been demonstrated to be effective in teaching a variety of important skills for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although all discrete trial programs are based in the principles of applied behavior analysis, some variability exists between programs with regards to the precise teaching procedures used. One notable procedural discrepancy involves teaching receptive discriminations. We compared the effectiveness of two commonly used procedures to teach receptive discriminations for three young children with ASD. One procedure progressed from introducing novel target stimuli in isolation (i.e., with no distracter present) to a conditional discrimination training phase (i.e., with distracter). A second procedure involved teaching discriminations exclusively within the context of conditional discriminations (i.e., using distracter stimuli). A within-subject comparison of procedures revealed mixed results and a 1-month follow-up revealed no differences between teaching procedures. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gutierrez, Anibal, Jr.; Hale, Melissa N.; Fischer, Aaron J.; Durocher, Jennifer S.; Alessandri, Michael] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [O'Brien, Heather A.] Nova SE Univ, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, 5665 Ponce Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM agutierrez@psy.miami.edu CR ARICK J, 2005, STAR PROGRAM STRATEG CARR JE, 2006, 26 ANN C FLOR ASS BE Green G., 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P72, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600203 LEAF R, 1999, BEHAV MANAG IN PRESS LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Lovaas O. I., 1981, TEACHING DEV DISABLE Lovaas O. I., 2003, TEACHING INDIVIDUALS MAURICE C, 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 Smith T, 1999, CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR, V6, P33, DOI 10.1093/clipsy/6.1.33 TERRACE HS, 1963, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V6, P1, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-1 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.12.005 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700006 ER PT J AU Chappell, N Graff, RB Libby, ME Ahearn, WH AF Chappell, Nick Graff, Richard B. Libby, Myrna E. Ahearn, William H. TI Further evaluation of the effects of motivating operations on preference assessment outcomes SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Preference assessment; Motivating operations ID ESTABLISHING OPERATIONS; STIMULUS PREFERENCE; DISABILITIES; INDIVIDUALS; REFINEMENTS AB The abative effects of a 10-min period of free access to a participant's most preferred edible on preference assessment outcomes was examined using a multielement design with three individuals diagnosed with autism. Four moderately preferred edible items were identified for each participant: access to these edibles was then regulated throughout the study, to control for the number of edibles consumed. Four-item paired stimulus preference assessments were then conducted, under four treatment conditions. A control condition, which involved conducting four-item paired stimulus assessments, was used to determine baseline levels of preference for each edible. Preference assessments conducted under the other three treatment conditions were preceded by a 10-min period of free access to the participant's most preferred edible. The immediate condition involved conducting preference assessments immediately following the 10-min free-access period. The 10-min delay condition and the 20-min delay condition involved conducting preference assessments following a 10-min or 20-min delay after the free access period. For two participants, 10-min of free access to a preferred edible immediately prior to a preference assessment altered the probability of selecting that stimulus, but as the delay between the free-access period and the preference assessment increased, the abative effects became less apparent. For the third participant, preference did not change when assessments were immediately conducted following the 10-min period of free access, Implications of the study are discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chappell, Nick; Graff, Richard B.; Libby, Myrna E.; Ahearn, William H.] New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Graff, Richard B.; Libby, Myrna E.; Ahearn, William H.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA USA. RP Graff, RB (reprint author), New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM rgraff@NECC.org CR Carr JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P353, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-353 DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Gottschalk JM, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P85, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-85 Laraway S, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P407, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-407 Lohrmann-O'Rourke S, 1998, AM J MENT RETARD, V103, P146, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(1998)103<0146:EBMTAT>2.0.CO;2 McAdam DB, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P107, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.112-03 Michael J, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P401, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-401 PACE GM, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P249, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-249 RINCOVER A, 1977, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V24, P312, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(77)90009-1 Roane HS, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P605, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-605 VOLLMER TR, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P279, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-279 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700008 ER PT J AU Myers, BJ Mackintosh, VH Goin-Kochel, RP AF Myers, Barbara J. Mackintosh, Virginia H. Goin-Kochel, Robin P. TI "My greatest joy and my greatest heart ache:" Parents' own words on how having a child in the autism spectrum has affected their lives and their families' lives SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parent; Family; Qualitative method; Themes; Online questionnaire ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; MENTAL-HEALTH; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS; SYNDROME SPECIFICITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; STRESS PROFILES AB Parents of children in the autism spectrum wrote an open-ended answer via an online questionnaire to the question, "How has your child in the autism spectrum affected your life and your family's life?" (N = 493). Using a qualitative content analysis, 15 negative themes and 9 positive themes were identified. Themes are subsumed into five clusters: Stress; Child's behavior: Parents' personal well being, work, and marital relationship; Impact on the whole family; and Social isolation. The mix of negative and positive themes is interpreted as a dialectical viewpoint of finding positive meaning to life even while acknowledging the stress and difficulties of having a child with autism. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Barbara J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Mackintosh, Virginia H.] Univ Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA USA. [Goin-Kochel, Robin P.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Myers, BJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 842018,806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM bmyers@vcu.edu CR Allik H, 2006, HEALTH QUAL LIFE OUT, V4, DOI 10.1186/1477-7525-4-1 Bayat M, 2007, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V51, P702, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00960.x BEBKO JM, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P565, DOI 10.1007/BF01486971 Blacher J, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P184, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x Bromley J, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P409, DOI 10.1177/1362361304047224 Dillman DA, 2000, MAIL INTERNET SURVEY Dunn ME, 2001, COMMUNITY MENT HLT J, V37, P39, DOI 10.1023/A:1026592305436 Eisenhower AS, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P657, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x Frankl V. E., 1984, MANS SEARCH MEANING FREEMAN NL, 1991, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V32, P1025, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb01927.x Goin-Kochel R. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 670 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.004 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700009 ER PT J AU Hutzler, Y Margalit, M AF Hutzler, Yeshayahu Margalit, Matan TI Skill acquisition in students with and without Pervasive Developmental Disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Pervasive Developmental Disorder; Physical education; Inclusion; Motor skill ID PHYSICAL-EDUCATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AUTISM; CHILDREN; INCLUSION; DISABILITIES; CLUMSINESS AB The purposes of this study were (a) to examine skill acquisition in field hockey of seven junior-high school students with PDD, who attended an inclusive class; and (b) to compare the degree of skill acquisition in field hockey of junior-high school students without disabilities who attend an inclusive class and those who attend a regular class. The motor performance of the students with and without PDD was compared using specially designed field hockey skill tests, before and after a skill acquisition period of two 45-min sessions. Results indicated that (a) students with PDD significantly increased motor performance in the cone circling (CC) task (p < .002); and (b) the percentage gain score of students without disability in the regular class was significantly better in the CC task (p < .02) compared to that in the inclusive class, but did not differ in the slalom between cones task. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hutzler, Yeshayahu; Margalit, Matan] Wingate Inst Phys Educ & Sports, Dept Behav Sci, Zinman Coll Phys Educ & Sport Sci, IL-42972 Netanya, Israel. RP Hutzler, Y (reprint author), Wingate Inst Phys Educ & Sports, Dept Behav Sci, Zinman Coll Phys Educ & Sport Sci, IL-42972 Netanya, Israel. 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M., 1991, REGULAR ED INITIATIV, P75 Ward P, 2006, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V23, P233 *WHO, 2006, ICD10 WHO World Health Organisation, 2001, INT CLASS FUNCT DIS 1988, LAW SPECIAL ED NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 685 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.011 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700010 ER PT J AU Moore, TR AF Moore, Timothy R. TI A brief report on the effects of a self-management treatment package on stereotypic behavior SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Self-management; Generalization; Stereotypy; PDD-NOS ID SOCIAL SKILLS; AUTISM; CHILDREN AB We evaluated the effects of a self-management treatment package (SMTP) on the stereotypic behavior of an adolescent with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Latency to stereotypy was systematically increased in the training setting (academic) and the effectiveness of the SMTP was evaluated within a multiple-probe design across three generalization settings (vocational, meal/snack, leisure). Intervals were systematically increased from 3 min 30 s to 15 min in the training setting. Reinforcement was contingent on the absence of vocal and motor stereotypy for a prescribed interval within a differential reinforcement of the omission of behavior (DRO) paradigm. Following training, increases in latency to stereotypy were observed across generalization settings. Participant interview responses indicated social validity of the SMTP. Results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms responsible for self-management behavior. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Timothy R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Moore, TR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 250 Educ Sci Bldg,56 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM moore618@umn.edu CR Browder D. 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H., 2007, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V22, P2, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576070220010101 Lee SH, 2007, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V42, P418 MACE FC, 1986, APPL RES MENTAL RETA, V24, P315 Mancina C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P599, DOI 10.1023/A:1005695512163 Morrison L., 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P237, DOI DOI 10.1177/109830070100300405 NELSON RO, 1981, BEHAV MODIF, V5, P3, DOI 10.1177/014544558151001 NEWMAN B, 1995, BEHAV DISORDERS, V20, P190 PIERCE KL, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P471, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-471 Rachlin H., 1974, BEHAVIORISM, V2, P94 Reinecke DR, 1999, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V34, P312 STAHMER AC, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P447, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-447 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.010 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700011 ER PT J AU Whittingham, K Sofronoff, K Sheffield, J Sanders, MR AF Whittingham, Koa Sofronoff, Kate Sheffield, Jeanie Sanders, Matthew R. TI Behavioural Family Intervention with parents of children with ASD: What do they find useful in the parenting program Stepping Stones Triple P? SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parent training; Behavioural Family Intervention; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Stepping Stones Triple P ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS AB This study was conducted in conjunction with a randomised controlled trial of the parenting program Stepping Stones Triple P for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The current study concerned examination of the qualitative data arising from the RCT as well as evaluation of the particular parenting strategies that the parents found helpful. The results showed that parents were satisfied with the program, including the partial group format. Further, the majority of participants found the parenting strategies within Stepping Stones Triple P to be helpful, including timeout, physical guidance and blocking. In addition, many of the parents also used the additional strategies of Comic Strip Conversations and Social Stories and the majority of the parents who attempted these strategies found them to be helpful. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed. Crown Copyright (c) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whittingham, Koa] Univ Queensland, Sch Med, Queensland Cerebral Palsy & Rehabil Res Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. RP Whittingham, K (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Med, Queensland Cerebral Palsy & Rehabil Res Ctr, Herston Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. EM koawhittingham@uq.edu.au RI Whittingham, Koa/C-6766-2009; Sanders, Matthew/C-1941-2013 OI Whittingham, Koa/0000-0002-5344-9907; Sanders, Matthew/0000-0003-3479-6337 CR Brereton AV, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P863, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0125-y Einfeld SL, 1996, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V40, P99, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00611.x Gillberg C, 2002, GUIDE ASPERGER SYNDR Gray C.A., 1998, ASPERGER SYNDROME HI, P167 Howlin P, 1987, TREATMENT AUTISTIC C Koegel RL, 1982, ED UNDERSTANDING AUT, P260 LOVAAS OI, 1973, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V6, P131, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-131 Roberts C, 2006, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V35, P180, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_2 Sanders M R, 1999, Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, V2, P71, DOI 10.1023/A:1021843613840 Sanders MR, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P624, DOI 10.1037//002-006X.68.4.624 Sanders MR, 2004, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V29, P265, DOI 10.1080/13668250412331285127 Sanders MR, 2003, PRACTITIONERS MANUAL Sofronoff K, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P301, DOI 10.1177/136261304045215 Sofronoff K, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P271, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006003005 WHITTINGHAM K, J ABNORMAL IN PRESS Whittingham K, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P364, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.003 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 702 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.009 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700012 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Boisjoli, J Rojahn, J Hess, J AF Matson, Johnny L. Boisjoli, Jessica Rojahn, Johannes Hess, Julie TI A factor analysis of challenging behaviors assessed with the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtism Traits (BISCUIT-Part 3) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Infant; Toddler; Autism; BISCUIT-Part 3; Challenging behaviors ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; II DASH-II; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSTIC-ASSESSMENT; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-SKILLS; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS AB Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in socialization, communication, and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. In addition to these core deficits, individuals with ASD also experience co-occurring conditions such as problem behaviors. Problem behaviors are common to this population and can have detrimental effects on the person's life and those who care for them. Due to the consequences of these behaviors, regular monitoring is necessary to identify these behaviors and implement treatment. The BISCUIT Part 3 is the only measure designed to assess problem behaviors in infants and toddlers with ASD. The purpose of this study was to identify the factor structure of the BISCUIT-Part 3 through exploratory factor analysis and determine the ability of these factors to predict group membership. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Boisjoli, Jessica; Hess, Julie] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rojahn, Johannes] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 714 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.008 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700013 ER PT J AU Riby, DM Doherty, MJ AF Riby, Deborah M. Doherty, Martin J. TI Tracking eye movements proves informative for the study of gaze direction detection in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Eye-tracking; Eye direction detection; Autism ID WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; JOINT ATTENTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENT; PERCEPTION; DISORDERS; FIXATION; LANGUAGE AB Considerable research effort has been dedicated to exploring how well children with autistic spectrum disorders infer eye gaze direction from the face of an actor. Here we combine task performance (accuracy to correctly label a target item) and eye movement information ('where' the participant fixates when completing the task) to understand more about the components involved in completing eye direction detection tasks. Fifteen participants with autism were significantly less accurate at interpreting eye direction and detecting a target item (array sizes 4 and 6 items) than typically developing participants of comparable nonverbal ability. Eye movement data revealed subtly different fixation patterns for participants with and without autism that might contribute to differences in overall task performance. Although the amount of time spent fixating on the target item did not differ across groups, participants With autism took significantly longer to complete several components of the task and fixate upon the regions of the picture required for task completion (e.g. face or target). 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 723 EP 733 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.02.001 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700014 ER PT J AU Smeltzer, SS Graff, RB Ahearn, WH Libby, ME AF Smeltzer, Sherry Stayer Graff, Richard B. Ahearn, William H. Libby, Myrna E. TI Effect of choice of task sequence on responding SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Choice of task; On-task; Problem behavior; Autism ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; STIMULUS PREFERENCE; WORK PERFORMANCE; SEVERE HANDICAPS; PEOPLE AB Choice between alternative response options has received much attention in both basic and applied research. However, there is limited study on the effects of choice of task order on responding. This study examined the effect of choice of task order on on-task behavior, duration to complete the tasks, and problem behaviors in 2 children with autism and 1 child diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. Low preference tasks were identified via a brief multiple-stimulus preference assessment without replacement (MSWO). These tasks were then presented to participants in a variety of conditions. Alternating treatments (with yoking) and concurrent operants phases were used to assess the effects of choice of task order. The results suggested that when given the opportunity to choose between two conditions (concurrent operants), participants preferred to choose the task order, and on-task behavior increased in 2 participants, duration to complete the tasks decreased for all participants, and rate of problem behaviors decreased to zero for 2 participants. During the concurrent operants assessment, the alternative associated with the opportunity to choose task order produced a higher percentage of on-task behavior, decreased duration to complete tasks, and decreased problem behavior. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smeltzer, Sherry Stayer; Graff, Richard B.; Ahearn, William H.; Libby, Myrna E.] Northeastern Univ, New England Ctr Children, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Graff, RB (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, New England Ctr Children, 33 Turnpike Rd, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.02.002 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700015 ER PT J AU Ploog, BO Banerjee, S Brooks, PJ AF Ploog, Bertram O. Banerjee, Snigdha Brooks, Patricia J. TI Attention to prosody (intonation) and content in children with autism and in typical children using spoken sentences in a computer game SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Moderate/severe autism; Language; Prosody; Attention; Overselectivity; Weak central coherence; Enhanced perceptual functioning; Computer game; Children ID STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; TO-GLOBAL INTERFERENCE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; LOCAL BIAS; DEFICIT; DISCRIMINATION; REINFORCEMENT AB This study validated a video game paradigm to explore attention to prosodic and linguistic components of spoken sentences in nine moderate-to-low functioning children with autism and impaired verbal skills. Nine typically developing children were also included. The children listened to pre-recorded sentences varying with respect to content (e.g., "Max ate a grape" vs. "Tom threw a ball") and prosody (i.e., intonation of statement vs. question). During training, children learned to select one of two sentences differing in both content and prosody. At testing, children listened to stimuli consisting of recombinations of the content and prosodic features of the training stimuli. Testing performance indicated that the children with autism attended to the content and prosodic features of the training stimuli equally, where as the children with typical development showed a clear preference for content over prosody. Both groups showed accurate discrimination of the training stimuli from the recombined test stimuli. The findings are interpreted in light of three approaches to explain the Unusual attention patterns in autism: stimulus overselectivity, weak central coherence, and enhanced perceptual functioning. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ploog, Bertram O.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Ctr Dev Neurosci, Dept Psychol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 743 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.02.004 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700016 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Fodstad, JC Dempsey, T AF Matson, Johnny L. Fodstad, Jill C. Dempsey, Timothy TI The relationship of children's feeding problems to core symptoms of autism and PDD-NOS SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; PDDNOS; Children; Feeding ID PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; II DASH-II; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; CHECKLIST; VALIDITY AB Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), are characterized by adherence to routines and ritualistic behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated multiple feeding problems with children with ASD such as food selectivity. While the extent of these problem behaviors is well documented in the literature, efforts have not been made to assess these behaviors briefly and at a young age. In the present Study. 279 children with autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), atypical and typical development were evaluated with respect to their current behavior regarding food. The nature and implications of these data with respect to the characteristics of ASD, as well as, assessment of feeding behaviors in children with ASD are discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.; Fodstad, Jill C.; Dempsey, Timothy] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.02.005 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700017 ER PT J AU McGarrell, M Healy, O Leader, G O'Connor, J Kenny, N AF McGarrell, Maria Healy, Olive Leader, Geraldine O'Connor, Jennifer Kenny, Neil TI Six reports of children with autism spectrum disorder following intensive behavioral intervention using the Preschool Inventory of Repertoires for Kindergarten (PIRK (R)) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Intensive behavioral intervention; PIRK (R); CABAS (R); Integration ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREDICTORS; RECOVERY; TEACHER; SCHOOL; AGE AB The current Study presents case reports of six children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who received intensive applied behavior analysis within the Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling (CABAS (R)) system and successfully integrated into mainstream education. The participants' interventions followed curricular objectives from the Preschool Inventory of Repertoires for Kindergarten (PIRK (R)). an empirically validated assessment tool and curriculum which improves outcomes for children with ASD and prepares for mainstream integration. Each case study presents acquisition of curricular objectives, rates of learning annually and results of independent psychological measures throughout the intensive behavioral intervention. This paper examines the variables (age of treatment onset, duration of treatment, presence of stereotypy or challenging behaviors prior to treatment) which may have influenced the successful integration of these participants into mainstream education settings. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Healy, Olive] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Psychol, Galway, Ireland. [Kenny, Neil] Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. 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PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 767 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.02.006 PG 16 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700018 ER PT J AU Van Rie, GL Heflin, LJ AF Van Rie, Ginny L. Heflin, L. Juane TI The effect of sensory activities on correct responding for children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory interventions; Learning outcomes ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; WEIGHTED VEST; BEHAVIOR; ATTENTION; EDUCATION; THERAPY; TASK AB Sensory-based activities are commonly recommended for Students with ASD, even in the absence of empirical data to substantiate their effectiveness. A single subject alternating treatment design was used to assess functional relations between sensory-based antecedent interventions and correct responding in four students with autism. As individuals with autism constitute a heterogeneous population, it is not surprising that a functional relation was found for only two of the four students. Results of this Study lead to the conclusion that sensory-based interventions may be effective for some but not all students with autism. Implications for evaluating aptitude by treatment interactions and Suggestions for future research are discussed. (c) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Rie, Ginny L.; Heflin, L. Juane] Georgia State Univ, Dept EPSE, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Van Rie, GL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept EPSE, POB 3979, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM gvanrie@yahoo.com CR Alberto PA, 2009, APPL BEHAV ANAL TEAC American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Ayres A. J., 1989, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres A. 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J., 1999, FUNDAMENTAL NEUROSCI NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUL-SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 783 EP 796 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.03.001 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 452AT UT WOS:000266512700019 ER PT J AU Le Sourn-Bissaoui, S Caillies, S Gierski, F Motte, J AF Le Sourn-Bissaoui, Sandrine Caillies, Stephanie Gierski, Fabien Motte, Jacques TI Inference processing in adolescents with Asperger syndrome: Relationship with theory of mind abilities SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Inference processing; Theory of mind; Asperger syndrome; Pragmatic deficit; Semantic deficit ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CENTRAL COHERENCE; CONDUCT DISORDER; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; MENTAL STATES; CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATION; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS AB The aim of this study was to investigate the role of theory of mind competence in inference processing in adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS). We sought to pinpoint the level at which AS individuals experience difficulty drawing inferences and identify the factors that account for their inference-drawing problems. We hypothesized that this difficulty could be related to a theory of mind (ToM) deficit. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment investigating the processing of causal, predictive and pragmatic inferences. Participants also performed a second-order false-belief task. Ten adolescents with AS and ten controls matched for age, sex and verbal IQ took part in the study. Results indicated that the individuals with AS had greater difficulty processing inferences (both semantic and pragmatic) than the controls and that ToM Could subtend inference-drawing. The findings are discussed in the light of the two main psychological theories: theory of mind and weak central coherence. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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Kang, Soyeon Pierce, Nigel Mulloy, Austin Fragale, Tina O'Reilly, Mark Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Giulio TI Treatment of elopement in individuals with developmental disabilities: A systematic review SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE Elopement; Challenging behavior; Developmental disability; Functional analysis ID CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SELF-INJURY; AUTISM; POPULATION; QUESTIONS; PROGRAM; SCALE; QABF AB We reviewed studies involving the treatment of elopement in individuals with developmental disabilities. Systematic searches of three electronic databases, journals, and reference lists identified 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated in terms of: (a) participants, (b) procedures used to assess elopement, (c) intervention procedures, (d) results of the intervention, and (e) certainty of evidence. Across the 10 studies, intervention was provided to a total of 53 participants aged 3-47 years. Assessment procedures included anecdotal staff reports, participant interviews, direct observation, and modified analog functional analysis. Intervention approaches included differential reinforcement, extinction, functional communication training, response blocking, non-contingent reinforcement, shaping, and scheduled exercise. Positive outcomes were reported in 80% of the reviewed studies. The evidence base suggests that function-based assessment (e.g. functional analysis procedures) and function-based treatments (e.g. functional communication training) may be most effective in the treatment of elopement in this population. Directions for future research are offered. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lang, Russell] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Meadows Ctr Preventing Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Machalicek, Wendy] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Sigafoos, Jeff] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 670 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.11.003 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 418RJ UT WOS:000264165800002 PM 19118975 ER PT J AU Niklasson, L Rasmussen, P Oskarsdottir, S Gillberg, C AF Niklasson, Lena Rasmussen, Peder Oskarsdottir, Solveig Gillberg, Christopher TI Autism, ADHD, mental retardation and behavior problems in 100 individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE 22q11 deletion syndrome; Autism; ADHD; Mental retardation ID CARDIO-FACIAL-SYNDROME; VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TOTAL POPULATION; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; RELIABILITY AB This study assessed the prevalence and type of associated neuropsychiatric problems in children and adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome. One-hundred consecutively referred individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome were given in-depth neuropsychiatric assessments and questionnaires screens. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were diagnosed in 44 cases. ASD was diagnosed in 23 cases of whom only 5 had autistic disorder. ADHD was diagnosed in 30 individuals. In nine of these cases with ASD or AND there was a combination of these diagnoses. Mental retardation (MR) with or without ASD/ADHD was diagnosed in 51 individuals. ASD,ADHD, and/or MR were present in 67 cases. Females had higher IQ than males. The results of this study showed that the vast majority of all individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome have behavior and/or learning problems and more than 40% meet criteria for either ASD, ADHD or both. Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluations are indicated as parts of the routine clinical assessment of individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Niklasson, Lena; Rasmussen, Peder; Gillberg, Christopher] Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Clin, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Niklasson, Lena; Rasmussen, Peder; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol Child & Adolescent Psychi, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Oskarsdottir, Solveig] Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Solveig Oskarsdottir, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Oskarsdottir, Solveig] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Pediat, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Niklasson, L (reprint author), Queen Silvia Childrens Hosp, Child Neuropsychiat Clin, Kungsgatan 12, SE-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 763 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.10.007 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 418RJ UT WOS:000264165800011 PM 19070990 ER PT J AU Matson, JL LoVullo, SV AF Matson, Johnny L. LoVullo, Santino V. TI Encopresis, soiling and constipation in children and adults with developmental disability SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Developmental disabilities; Encopresis; Soiling; Constipation; Treatment; Etiology; Assessment ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; BEHAVIORAL FUNCTION QABF; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-SKILLS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; COMORBID PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; FECAL INCONTINENCE AB Children and adults with developmental disabilities are more likely to evince encopresis, soiling and constipation than the general population. This set of related behaviors can produce a great deal of stress and can be a major restriction in independent living. This paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge on the prevalence, etiology, assessment and treatment of this co-occurring set of disorders. These problems are more common in persons with developmental disabilities then the general population. Furthermore, classical and operant treatment methods appear to be the best supported interventions for most cases. Strengths and weaknesses of the current research base are discussed along with potential avenues for future research. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 418RJ UT WOS:000264165800015 PM 19162439 ER PT J AU Fatemi, SH Folsom, TD Reutiman, TJ Abu-Odeh, D Mori, S Huang, H Oishi, K AF Fatemi, S. Hossein Folsom, Timothy D. Reutiman, Teri J. Abu-Odeh, Desiree Mori, Susumu Huang, Hao Oishi, Kenichi TI Abnormal expression of myelination genes and alterations in white matter fractional anisotropy following prenatal viral influenza infection at E16 in mice SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Schizophrenia; Myelination; Viral model; Mouse; Autism; Brain ID CAUSES DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BASIC-PROTEIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA-PATIENTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIFFUSION ANISOTROPY; COGNITIVE DYSMETRIA AB Prenatal viral infection has been associated with the development of schizophrenia and autism. Our laboratory has previously shown that viral infection causes deleterious effects on brain structure and function in mouse offspring following late first trimester (E9) and late second trimester (E18) administration of influenza virus. We hypothesized that middle second trimester infection (E16) in mice may lead to a different pattern of brain gene expression and structural defects in the developing offspring. C57BL6 mice were infected on E16 with a sublethal dose of human influenza virus or sham-infected using vehicle solution. Male offspring of the infected mice were collected at P0, P14, P35, and P56, their brains removed and cerebella dissected and flash frozen. Microarray, DTI and MRI scanning, as well as qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE and western blotting analyses were performed to detect differences in gene expression and brain atrophy. Expression of several genes associated with myelination, including Mbp, Mag, and Plp1 were found to be altered, as were protein levels of Mbp, Mag, and DM20. Brain imaging revealed significant atrophy in cerebellum at P14, reduced fractional anisotropy in white matter of the right internal capsule at PO, and increased fractional anisotropy in white matter in corpus callosum at P14 and right middle cerebellar peduncle at P56. We propose that maternal infection in mouse impacts myelination genes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.; Reutiman, Teri J.; Abu-Odeh, Desiree] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Mori, Susumu; Huang, Hao; Oishi, Kenichi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Div NMR, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, 420 Delware St SE,MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM fatem002@umn.edu; folso013@umn.edu; reuti003@umn.edu; abuod001@umn.edu; susumu@mri.jhu.edu; Hao.Huang@utsouthwestern.edu; koishi@mri.jhu.edu RI Oishi, Kenichi/H-1371-2013 OI Oishi, Kenichi/0000-0002-1200-8611 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [5R01-HD046589-04] FX Grant support by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (*5R01-HD046589-04) to SHF is gratefully acknowledged, Assistance with microarray data interpretation by Dr. Chuanning Tang and Dr. Tongbin Li of the University of Minnesota, Department of Neuroscience is gratefully acknowledged. 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116 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0166-2236 J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI JI Trends Neurosci. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 32 IS 7 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.tins.2009.04.003 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 475SA UT WOS:000268379800005 PM 19541375 ER PT J AU Qin, J Jia, MX Wang, LF Lu, TL Ruan, Y Liu, J Guo, YQ Zhang, JS Yang, XL Yue, WH Zhang, D AF Qin, Jian Jia, Meixiang Wang, Lifang Lu, Tianlan Ruan, Yan Liu, Jing Guo, Yanqing Zhang, Jishui Yang, Xiaoling Yue, Weihua Zhang, Dai TI Association study of SHANK3 gene polymorphisms with autism in Chinese Han population SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEINS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; FAMILY; SYNAPSE; MUTATIONS; NEUROLIGIN; EXPRESSION; NLGN3 AB Background: Autism, a heterogeneous disease, is described as a genetic psychiatry disorder. Recently, abnormalities at the synapse are supposed to be important for the etiology of autism. SHANK3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein) gene encodes a master synaptic scaffolding protein at postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapse. Rare mutations and copy number variation (CNV) evidence suggested SHANK3 as a strong candidate gene for the pathogenesis of autism. Methods: We performed an association study between SHANK3 gene polymorphisms and autism in Chinese Han population. We analyzed the association between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SHANK3 gene and autism in 305 Chinese Han trios, using the family based association test (FBAT). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed the presence of LD between pairwise markers across the locus. We also performed mutation screening for the rare de novo mutations reported previously. Results: No significant evidence between any SNPs of SHANK3 and autism was observed. We did not detect any mutations described previously in our cohort. Conclusion: We suggest that SHANK3 might not represent a major susceptibility gene for autism in Chinese Han population. C1 [Qin, Jian; Jia, Meixiang; Wang, Lifang; Lu, Tianlan; Ruan, Yan; Liu, Jing; Guo, Yanqing; Yang, Xiaoling; Yue, Weihua; Zhang, Dai] Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Qin, Jian; Jia, Meixiang; Wang, Lifang; Lu, Tianlan; Ruan, Yan; Yue, Weihua; Zhang, Dai] Minist Hlth, Key Lab Mental Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jishui] Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Childrens Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, D (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jianqin@bjmu.edu.cn; jia-mx@163.com; lifangwang@bjmu.edu.cn; tianlan_lu@126.com; ruanyanyan@126.com; jingl@autism.com.cn; stone6161@sohu.com; zhangjishui@163.com; yangxl@public.fhnet.cn.net; dryue@hsc.pku.edu.cn; daizhang@hsc.pku.edu.cn FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA02Z195]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30870897]; Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation [7081005] FX We thank all the patients and their families for their support and participation. This work was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA02Z195), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870897), and the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7081005). 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Ment. Health Res. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1080/19315860902725875 PG 19 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V37ZZ UT WOS:000209315000001 ER PT J AU Brookman-Frazee, L Baker-Ericzen, M Stahmer, A Mandell, D Haine, RA Hough, RL AF Brookman-Frazee, Lauren Baker-Ericzen, Mary Stahmer, Aubyn Mandell, David Haine, Rachel A. Hough, Richard L. TI Involvement of Youths with Autism Spectrum Disorders or Intellectual Disabilities in Multiple Public Service Systems SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE community service systems; autism spectrum disorders; psychiatric comorbidity; intellectual disabilities, prevalence AB The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) among youths active in at least one of five public service systems: mental health (MH), educational services for youth with serious emotional disturbance (SED), child welfare (CW), juvenile justice (JJ), and alcohol and drug services (AD). This study also reports the characteristics and patterns of system involvement among these youths. Results indicate that approximately 12% of a random sample of youths involved in these public service systems had ID or ASD. These disabilities were particularly prevalent in youths in the SED (25%), MH (13%), and CW (13%) systems and were less prevalent in the JJ and AD systems (4% each). Youths with ID or ASD were more likely than other youths to be White, have a higher socioeconomic status, and be more likely to have externalizing psychiatric and other problems. Of those with ASD or ID, approximately one-third were served in more than one service system, with the MH and SED systems most likely to be serving youths with externalizing psychiatric disorders. These findings have important implications for service provision, treatment planning, and workforce development. C1 [Brookman-Frazee, Lauren] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brookman-Frazee, Lauren; Baker-Ericzen, Mary; Haine, Rachel A.; Hough, Richard L.] Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Baker-Ericzen, Mary; Stahmer, Aubyn; Haine, Rachel A.] Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. [Mandell, David] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hough, Richard L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hough, Richard L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychiat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hough, Richard L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brookman-Frazee, L (reprint author), Child & Adolescent Serv Res Ctr, 3020 Childrens Way MC 5033, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM lbrookman@ucsd.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [U01-MH-55282, K23MH077584, K01MH069665, K01MH065325, K01MH067628] FX These data are from the Patterns of Youth Mental Health Care in Public Service Systems Study, which was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant U01-MH-55282 to Dr. Hough. Preparation of this article was also supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants K23MH077584 (LBF), K01MH069665 (MBE), K01MH065325 (AS), and K01MH067628 (DM). 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TI A Comparison of Behavioral and Emotional Characteristics in Children with Autism, Prader-Willi Syndrome, and Williams Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE behavioral phenotype; Williams syndrome; autism; children; maladaptive behavior; Prader-Willi syndrome AB In order to investigate unique and shared characteristics and to determine factors predictive of group classification, quantitative comparisons of behavioral and emotional problems were assessed using the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC-P) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in autistic disorder, Williams syndrome (WS), and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The DBC-P Total Behavior Problem Score did not differ between groups. However, at the subscale level, the autism group showed more behavioral and emotional problems in the Self-Absorbed and Communication Disturbance domains than the WS and PWS group. 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PD JUN 30 PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 220 EP 243 DI 10.1080/19315860903052204 PG 24 WC Education, Special; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA V37ZZ UT WOS:000209315000004 ER PT J AU Nakatani, J Tamada, K Hatanaka, F Ise, S Ohta, H Inoue, K Tomonaga, S Watanabe, Y Chung, YJ Banerjee, R Iwamoto, K Kato, T Okazawa, M Yamauchi, K Tanda, K Takao, K Miyakawa, T Bradley, A Takumi, T AF Nakatani, Jin Tamada, Kota Hatanaka, Fumiyuki Ise, Satoko Ohta, Hisashi Inoue, Kiyoshi Tomonaga, Shozo Watanabe, Yasuhito Chung, Yeun Jun Banerjee, Ruby Iwamoto, Kazuya Kato, Tadafumi Okazawa, Makoto Yamauchi, Kenta Tanda, Koichi Takao, Keizo Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi Bradley, Allan Takumi, Toru TI Abnormal Behavior in a Chromosome-Engineered Mouse Model for Human 15q11-13 Duplication Seen in Autism SO CELL LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY; PROXIMAL 15Q; MICE; GENETICS; COMPLEX; BRAIN; REARRANGEMENTS; DEFICITS AB Substantial evidence suggests that chromosomal abnormalities contribute to the risk of autism. The duplication of human chromosome 15q11-13 is known to be the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality in autism. We have modeled this genetic change in mice by using chromosome engineering to generate a 6.3 Mb duplication of the conserved linkage group on mouse chromosome 7. Mice with a paternal duplication display poor social interaction, behavioral inflexibility, abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations, and correlates of anxiety. An increased MBII52 snoRNA within the duplicated region, affecting the serotonin 2c receptor (5-HT2cR), correlates with altered intracellular Ca(2+) responses elicited by a 5-HT2cR agonist in neurons of mice with a paternal duplication. This chromosome-engineered mouse model for autism seems to replicate various aspects of human autistic phenotypes and validates the relevance of the human chromosome abnormality. This model will facilitate forward genetics of developmental brain disorders and serve as an invaluable tool for therapeutic development. C1 [Nakatani, Jin; Tamada, Kota; Hatanaka, Fumiyuki; Inoue, Kiyoshi; Tomonaga, Shozo; Watanabe, Yasuhito; Okazawa, Makoto; Takumi, Toru] Osaka Biosci Inst, Osaka 5650874, Japan. [Tamada, Kota; Watanabe, Yasuhito] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Biostudies, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Hatanaka, Fumiyuki; Takumi, Toru] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mol Neurosci, Grad Sch Med, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Ise, Satoko; Ohta, Hisashi] Banyu Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Tsukuba Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3002611, Japan. [Chung, Yeun Jun; Banerjee, Ruby; Bradley, Allan] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Iwamoto, Kazuya; Kato, Tadafumi] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kato, Tadafumi; Takumi, Toru] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 7348553, Japan. [Yamauchi, Kenta; Tanda, Koichi; Takao, Keizo; Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Frontier Technol Inst, Grad Sch Med, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Takao, Keizo; Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi] Fujita Hlth Univ, Div Syst Med, Inst Comprehens Med Sci, Aichi 4701192, Japan. RP Takumi, T (reprint author), Osaka Biosci Inst, Osaka 5650874, Japan. EM takumi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi/A-7741-2008; Takao, Keizo/B-9527-2008; Kato, Tadafumi/J-3583-2014 OI Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-0137-8200; Takao, Keizo/0000-0002-4734-3583; Kato, Tadafumi/0000-0001-7856-3952 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Neuroinformatics Japan Center; Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Mitsubishi Foundation; Mother and Child Health Foundation; Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation; Takeda Science Foundation; Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders; Sony Corporation; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd; Wellcome Trust FX T. T. acknowledges M. Young for discussions that led to start this project and K. Tanaka, O. Hayaishi, H. Hanafusa, and S. Nakanishi for general support. The authors thank K. Sakimura and M. Abe for their help in the initial stage of this study; N. Nakai, A. Yamamoto, T. Sudo, F. Law, A. Beasley, E. Grau, T. Hamilton, L. Davis, H. Kitson, H. Ogino, and R. Takayama for technical assistance; W. Wang, D. Adams, N. Conte, T. Kishino, T. Manabe, and P. Levitt for valuable comments; and all members of the Takumi laboratory. We also thank K. Nakao and members of Animal Resource Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, for breeding of mice. J. N. and S. T. were supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science fellowship. 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TI Biochemical and Biophysical Analysis of Five Disease-Associated Human Adenylosuccinate Lyase Mutants SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; AMINO-ACIDS; DEFICIENCY; MECHANISM; SUBSTRATE; STABILIZATION; SPECIFICITY; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE AB Adenylosuccinate lyase (ASL), a catalyst of key reactions in purine biosynthesis, is normally a homotetramer in which three subunits contribute to each of four active sites. Human ASL deficiency is an inherited metabolic disease associated with autism and mental retardation. We have characterized five disease-associated ASL mutants: R194C and K246E are located at subunit interfaces, L311V is in the central helical region away from the active site, and R396C and R396H are at the entrance to the active site. The V-max (at 25 degrees C) for R194C is comparable to that of WT, while those of L311V, R396C, R396H, and K246E are considerably reduced and affinity for adenylosuccinate is retained. The mutant enzymes have decreased positive cooperativity as compared to WT. K246E exists mainly as dimer or monomer, accounting for its negligible activity, whereas the other mutant enzymes are similar to WT in the predominance of tetramer. At 37 degrees C, the specific activity of WT and these mutant enzymes slowly decreases 30-40% with time and reaches a limiting specific activity without changing significantly the amount of tetramer. Mutant R194C is unique In being rapidly inactivated at the harsher temperature of 60 T, indicating that it is the least stable enzyme in vitro. Conformational changes in the mutant enzymes are evident from protein fluorescence intensity at 25 degrees C and after incubation at 37 degrees C, which correlates with the loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, these disease-associated single mutations can yield enzyme with reduced activity either by affecting the active site or by perturbing the enzyme's structure and/or native conformation which are required for catalytic function. C1 [Ariyananda, Lushanti De Zoysa; Lee, Peychii; Antonopoulos, Christina; Colman, Roberta F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Colman, RF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM rfcolman@udel.edu FU NIH [R01-DK60504, NIH 2P20 RR016472] FX This work was supported by NIH Grant R01-DK60504 and by a grant from Autism Speaks. The Beckman Optima XL-l analytical Ultracentrifuge used in this Study was obtained and supported by NIH 2P20 RR016472. 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We have previously reported a DISC1 haplotype, HEP3, and an NDE1 spanning tag haplotype to associate to schizophrenia in Finnish schizophrenia families. Because both DISCI and NDE1 display association in our study sample, we hypothesized that other genes interacting with DISCI might also have a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods: We selected 11 additional genes encoding components of the "DISC1 pathway" and studied these in our study sample of 476 families including 1857 genotyped individuals. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype association analyses in two independent sets of families. For markers and haplotypes found to be consistently associated in both sets, the overall significance was tested with the combined set of families. Results: We identified three SNPs to be associated with schizophrenia in PDE4D (rs1120303, p = .021), PDE4B (rs7412571, p = .018), and NDEL1 (rs17806986, p = .0038). Greater significance was observed with allelic haplotypes of PDE4D(p = .00084),PDE4B(p = .0022 and p = .029), and NDEL1 (p = .0027) that increased or decreased schizophrenia susceptibility. Conclusions: Our findings with other converging lines of evidence support the underlying importance of DISC1-related molecular pathways in the etiology of schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses. C1 [Peltonen, Leena] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Tomppo, Liisa; Hennah, William; Loukola, Anu; Ekelund, Jesper; Peltonen, Leena] Inst Mol Med Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland. [Lahermo, Paivi; Loukola, Anu] Univ Helsinki, Finnish Genome Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. [Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychol, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. [Peltonen, Leena] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. [Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari; Suvisaari, Jaana; Partonen, Timo; Ekelund, Jesper; Lonnqvist, Joao] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mental Hlth & Alcohol Res, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Ekelund, Jesper; Lonnqvist, Joao] Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychiat, Cent Hosp, SF-00180 Helsinki, Finland. [Hennah, William] Univ Edinburgh, Med Genet Sect, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Peltonen, Leena] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England. [Peltonen, Leena] MIT, Broad Inst, Boston, MA USA. RP Peltonen, L (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, POB 104, Helsinki 00251, Finland. EM leena.peltonen@ktl.fi RI Partonen, Timo/G-1105-2012; Ekelund, Jesper/D-6655-2013 OI Partonen, Timo/0000-0003-1951-2455; FU Centre of Excellence of the Academy of Finland; Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation; Sigrid Juselius foundation; EMBO; Finnish Cultural Foundation Piippa Stiina Immonen Grant; Academy of Finland FX This work was funded in part by The Centre of Excellence of the Academy of Finland and Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation (LP). The author LT is supported by Sigrid Juselius foundation. The author WH is a long-term EMBO Research Fellow and was also supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation Piippa Stiina Immonen Grant. The authors AL and AT-H are supported by Academy of Finland post-doctoral fellowships. The author JS is supported by an Academy of Finland research fellowship. 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Psychiatry PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.014 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 455IW UT WOS:000266753300008 PM 19251251 ER PT J AU Hofvander, B Delorme, R Chaste, P Nyden, A Wentz, E Stahlberg, O Herbrecht, E Stopin, A Anckarsater, H Gillberg, C Rastam, M Leboyer, M AF Hofvander, Bjorn Delorme, Richard Chaste, Pauline Nyden, Agneta Wentz, Elisabet Stahlberg, Ola Herbrecht, Evelyn Stopin, Astrid Anckarsater, Henrik Gillberg, Christopher Rastam, Maria Leboyer, Marion TI Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TOTAL POPULATION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDHOOD; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INDIVIDUALS; TEMPERAMENT; CHARACTER AB Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often display symptoms from other diagnostic categories. Studies of clinical and psychosocial outcome in adult patients with ASDs without concomitant intellectual disability are few. The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical psychiatric presentation and important outcome measures of a large group of normal-intelligence adult patients with ASDs. Methods: Autistic symptomatology according to the DSM-IV-criteria and the Gillberg & Gillberg research criteria, patterns of comorbid psychopathology and psychosocial outcome were assessed in 122 consecutively referred adults with normal intelligence ASDs. The subjects consisted of 5 patients with autistic disorder (AD), 67 with Asperger's disorder (AS) and 50 with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD NOS). This study group consists of subjects pooled from two studies with highly similar protocols, all seen on an outpatient basis by one of three clinicians. Results: Core autistic symptoms were highly prevalent in all ASD subgroups. Though AD subjects had the most pervasive problems, restrictions in non-verbal communication were common across all three subgroups and, contrary to current DSM criteria, so were verbal communication deficits. Lifetime psychiatric axis I comorbidity was very common, most notably mood and anxiety disorders, but also ADHD and psychotic disorders. The frequency of these diagnoses did not differ between the ASD subgroups or between males and females. Antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse were more common in the PDD NOS group. Of all subjects, few led an independent life and very few had ever had a long-term relationship. Female subjects more often reported having been bullied at school than male subjects. Conclusion: ASDs are clinical syndromes characterized by impaired social interaction and nonverbal communication in adulthood as well as in childhood. They also carry a high risk for coexisting mental health problems from a broad spectrum of disorders and for unfavourable psychosocial life circumstances. For the next revision of DSM, our findings especially stress the importance of careful examination of the exclusion criterion for adult patients with ASDs. C1 [Hofvander, Bjorn; Anckarsater, Henrik; Rastam, Maria] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Delorme, Richard; Chaste, Pauline; Herbrecht, Evelyn; Stopin, Astrid; Anckarsater, Henrik; Leboyer, Marion] Inst Mondor Rech Biomed, INSERM, U 995, Dept Genet, Creteil, France. [Nyden, Agneta; Wentz, Elisabet; Stahlberg, Ola; Anckarsater, Henrik; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wentz, Elisabet] Swedish Inst Hlth Sci, Vardal Inst, Lund, Sweden. [Herbrecht, Evelyn; Leboyer, Marion] Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier Hosp, AP HP, Dept Psychiat, Creteil, France. [Delorme, Richard; Chaste, Pauline; Herbrecht, Evelyn; Leboyer, Marion] Fdn FondaMental, Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Univ Paris 12, IFR10, Fac Med, Creteil, France. RP Hofvander, B (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden. EM bjorn.hofvander@med.lu.se; richard.delorme@rdb.aphp.fr; pauline.chaste@wanadoo.fr; agneta.nyden@vgregion.se; elisabet.wentz@vgregion.se; ola.stahlberg@gmail.com; evelyn.herbrecht@ach.aphp.fr; astridstopin@gmail.com; henrik.anckarsater@neuro.gu.se; christopher.gillberg@pediat.gu.se; maria.rastam@med.lu.se; marion.leboyer@inserm.fr RI Anckarsater, Henrik/C-2244-2009 FU INSERM; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris; Fondation orange (grant attributed to AS); RTRS Sant; Mentale (Foundation FondaMental); Swedish Inheritance Fund; Region Skane; Landstinget Kronoberg; Swedish Research Council (VR); Stiftelsen Lindhaga and Stiftelsen Professor Bror Gadelius Minnesfond FX This work was supported by INSERM, Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Fondation orange (grant attributed to AS), RTRS Sant, Mentale (Foundation FondaMental), The Swedish Inheritance Fund, Region Skane, Landstinget Kronoberg, the Swedish Research Council (VR), Stiftelsen Lindhaga and Stiftelsen Professor Bror Gadelius Minnesfond. 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MacFabe, Derrick F. Martin, Samantha Jackson, Jordana Taylor, Roy Boon, Francis Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter Cain, Donald P. TI Intracerebroventricular injections of the enteric bacterial metabolic product propionic acid impair cognition and sensorimotor ability in the Long-Evans rat: Further development of a rodent model of autism SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Animal model; Spatial cognition; Sensorimotor; Short chain fatty acids; Clostridia; Neuroinflammation; Perseveration ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; DETAILED BEHAVIORAL-ANALYSIS; WATER MAZE ACQUISITION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TERM POTENTIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; PLACE; BRAIN; SEROTONIN AB Propionic acid (PPA) is a dietary short chain fatty acid and a metabolic end-product of enteric bacteria. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of PPA can result in brain and behavioral abnormalities in rats similar to those seen in humans suffering from autism. To evaluate cognition and sensorimotor ability in the PPA model, male Long-Evans hooded rats received ICV injection of PPA or control compounds prior to behavioral testing in water maze and beam tasks. Compared to controls, PPA-treated rats were impaired in the water maze task as indicated by an unusual pattern of mild or no impairment during spatial acquisition training, but marked impairment during spatial reversal training. PPA-treated rats were also impaired on the beam task. Neuropathological analysis from PPA-treated rats revealed an innate neuroinflammatory response. These findings add to evidence that PPA can change the brain and behavior in the laboratory rat consistent with symptoms of human autism. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shultz, Sandy R.; MacFabe, Derrick F.; Martin, Samantha; Jackson, Jordana; Taylor, Roy; Boon, Francis; Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter; Cain, Donald P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, London, ON, Canada. [Shultz, Sandy R.; Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter; Cain, Donald P.] Univ Western Ontario, Grad Program Neurosci, London, ON, Canada. [MacFabe, Derrick F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychiat, Div Dev Disabil, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Shultz, SR (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, 1151 Richmond St,SSC Room 7418, London, ON, Canada. EM sshultz@uwo.ca RI Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter/A-4810-2008 OI Ossenkopp, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-7391-3239 FU GoodLife Children's Foundation; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); OGS FX This research was supported by contributions from GoodLife Children's Foundation and Round for a Reason Charities to Derrick F. MacFabe, by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to Donald R Cain, and by scholarships from NSERC and OGS to Sandy R. Shultz. We thank Lisa Tichenoff and Kelly Foley for neuropathology analysis. Our heartfelt gratitude goes out to David Patchell-Evans, Tamara Rogerson and Kilee Patchell-Evans. 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Brain Res. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.023 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 437TR UT WOS:000265510300005 PM 19154758 ER PT J AU O'Dowd, A AF O'Dowd, Adrian TI NHS must tackle its ignorance over patients with autism, says watchdog SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 338 AR b2318 DI 10.1136/bmj.b2318 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458LF UT WOS:000267021700002 ER PT J AU Conroy, J Cochrane, L Anney, RJL Sutcliffe, JS Carthy, P Dunlop, A Mullarkey, M O'hlci, B Green, AJ Ennis, S Gill, M Gallagher, L AF Conroy, Judith Cochrane, Lynne Anney, Richard J. L. Sutcliffe, James S. Carthy, Paula Dunlop, Adam Mullarkey, Marice O'hlci, Bronagh Green, Andrew J. Ennis, Sean Gill, Michael Gallagher, Louise TI Fine Mapping and Association Studies in a Candidate Region for Autism on Chromosome 2q31-q32 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART B-NEUROPSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; genetic association; ITGA4 ID SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; GENOMIC SCREEN; CELL-ADHESION; INTEGRIN; DELETION; DISORDER; LINKAGE AB Autism (OMIM %209850) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. We previously reported a de novo rearrangement of chromosome 2q31 in a patient with autism [Gallagher et al. (2003); J Autism Dev Disord 33(1):105-108]. Further cytogenetic analysis revealed this to be a 46,XY, t(9;2)(q31.1;q32.2q31.3) translocation. Association mapping with microsatellite and SNP markers of this translocated region on 2q revealed association with markers in Integrin alpha-4 (ITGA4; GeneID 3676). ITGA4 was tested for association in a sample of 179 trio-based families. SNP markers in exons 16 and 17 showed evidence of association. Mutation screening revealed a G to A synonymous variation in the last nucleotide of exon 16 (rs12690517), significantly associated with autism in the Irish sample (OR = 1.6; P = 0.04). The location of this SNP at a putative splice donor site may affect the splicing of the ITGA4 protein. Haplotype analysis showed significant overtransmission of haplotypes surrounding this marker. These markers were investigated in two additional samples, 102 families from Vanderbilt University (VT) (n = 102), and AGRE (n = 267). A non-significant trend towards overtransmission of the associated allele of rs12690517 in the Irish sample (OR = 1.2; P = 0.067) and haplotypes at the 3' end of ITGA4 was observed in the AGRE sample. The VT sample showed association with markers and haplotypes across the gene, but no association with the rs12690517 marker or its surrounding haplotypes. The combined sample showed evidence of association with rs12690517 (OR = 1.3; P = 0.008) and surrounding haplotypes. The findings indicate some evidence for the role of ITGA4 as candidate gene for autism. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Conroy, Judith; Cochrane, Lynne; Anney, Richard J. L.; Gill, Michael; Gallagher, Louise] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin D8, Ireland. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Carthy, Paula; Dunlop, Adam; Mullarkey, Marice; O'hlci, Bronagh; Green, Andrew J.; Ennis, Sean] Our Ladys Childrens Hosp, Natl Ctr Med Genet, Dublin, Ireland. [Green, Andrew J.; Ennis, Sean] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Cochrane, L (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Rm 1-10, Dublin D8, Ireland. EM cochranl@tcd.ie RI Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012 OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007 FU Wellcome Trust; Health Research Board, Ireland; National Alliance for Autism Research FX We would like to thank all the individuals and their families for the participation in this study. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Nigel Carter, of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK for assisting in the I Mb BAC array comparative genomic hybridization work. This study was financed with funding from The Wellcome Trust, The Health Research Board, Ireland, and The National Alliance for Autism Research. 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However, because parvalbumin interneurons cannot be selectively controlled, definitive tests of their functional significance in gamma oscillations, and quantitative assessment of the impact of parvalbumin interneurons and gamma oscillations on cortical circuits, have been lacking despite potentially enormous significance (for example, abnormalities in parvalbumin interneurons may underlie altered gamma-frequency synchronization and cognition in schizophrenia(10) and autism(11)). Here we use a panel of optogenetic technologies(12-14) in mice to selectively modulate multiple distinct circuit elements in neocortex, alone or in combination. We find that inhibiting parvalbumin interneurons suppresses gamma oscillations in vivo, whereas driving these interneurons (even by means of non-rhythmic principal cell activity) is sufficient to generate emergent gamma-frequency rhythmicity. Moreover, gamma-frequency modulation of excitatory input in turn was found to enhance signal transmission in neocortex by reducing circuit noise and amplifying circuit signals, including inputs to parvalbumin interneurons. As demonstrated here, optogenetics opens the door to a new kind of informational analysis of brain function, permitting quantitative delineation of the functional significance of individual elements in the emergent operation and function of intact neural circuitry. C1 [Sohal, Vikaas S.; Zhang, Feng; Yizhar, Ofer; Deisseroth, Karl] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Deisseroth, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Dept Bioengn, W083 Clark Ctr,318 Campus Dr W, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM deissero@stanford.edu FU President and Provost of Stanford University; BioX; Bioengineering; NIMH; NIDA; CIRM; NSF; Keck, McKnight and Coulter Foundations; NINDS FX We thank S. Arber for her gift of the PV:: Cre mice, and we acknowledge the advice and suggestions of R. C. Malenka, J. Huguenard and S. Baccus on this work. All materials are freely distributed and supported by the Deisseroth laboratory (http://www.optogenetics.org). K. D. is supported by the President and Provost of Stanford University, BioX, Bioengineering, and by NIMH, NIDA, CIRM, NSF, and the Keck, McKnight and Coulter Foundations. F. Z. is supported by NINDS, and V. S. S. is supported by a T32 postdoctoral research training fellowship from NIMH. 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DNA microarray analyses were conducted on lymphoblastoid cell lines from over 20 sib pairs in which one sibling had a diagnosis of autism and the other was not affected in order to identify biochemical and signaling pathways which are differentially regulated in cells from autistic and nonautistic siblings. Bioinformatics and gene ontological analyses of the data implicate genes which are involved in nervous system development, inflammation, and cytoskeletal organization, in addition to genes which may be relevant to gastrointestinal or other physiological symptoms often associated with autism. Moreover, the data further suggests that these processes may be modulated by cholesterol/steroid metabolism, especially at the level of androgenic hormones. Elevation of male hormones, in turn, has been suggested as a possible factor influencing susceptibility to autism, which affects similar to 4 times as many males as females. 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Miller, Michael W. TI Vulnerability of macaque cranial nerve neurons to ethanol is time- and site-dependent SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE Alar plate; Autism; Basal plate; Brainstem; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; Fetal alcohol syndrome; Gastrulation; Rhombomere ID PRINCIPAL SENSORY NUCLEUS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; TRIGEMINAL NERVE; BRAIN-STEM; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; BRANCHIAL NERVES; MOUSE HINDBRAIN; AUDITORY NUCLEI; CEREBRAL-CORTEX AB The present study tested the hypotheses that vulnerability to ethanol depends upon (1) population-based characteristics of the neuronal progenitors and (2) the maturation of that population by examining the effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on brainstem nuclei derived from different rhombomeres and from the alar and basal plates. Macaca nemestrina received an ethanol-containing solution I day per week during the first 6 (Et6) or 24 (Et24) weeks of gestation. Control animals received an equivalent volume of saline. The treatment regime for some animals included early gastrulation (gestational day [G] 19 or G20), whereas others were treated later (on G21 or G24). Brainstems were cryosectioned and stained with cresyl violet. Stercological methods were used to determine the numbers of neurons in six different nuclei: the abducens, vagal, and hypoglossal motor nuclei and sensory components of the trigeminal brainstem nuclear complex (the principal, oral, and interpolar subnuclei). There were no differences in the numbers of neurons in any of the nuclei between controls and Et6-, or controls and Et24-treated monkeys. In contrast, the number of trigeminal sensory neurons was significantly (P < .05) lower in animals treated on G19/G20 than in control. No differences between controls and monkeys treated on G21/G24 were detected. No motor nuclei exhibited an ethanol-induced change. These data together with data on the trigeminal motor nucleus show that vulnerability to ethanol (1) is greater in sensory nuclei than in motor nuclei and (2) is temporally restricted to the time of gastrulation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mooney, Sandra A.; Miller, Michael W.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Mooney, Sandra A.; Miller, Michael W.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Mooney, Sandra A.; Miller, Michael W.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Mooney, Sandra A.; Miller, Michael W.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Miller, Michael W.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Mooney, SA (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. 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Dixon, Glenys Bower, Carol TI Birth Defects in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-based, Nested Case-Control Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; autistic disorder; congenital abnormalities ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; POSTNATAL FACTORS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; COMPLICATIONS; GENETICS; HISTORY AB The causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are unknown, although genetic and environmental influences have been implicated. Previous studies have suggested an association with birth defects, but most investigators have not addressed associations with specific diagnostic categories of ASD. In this study, the authors investigated the associations between birth defects and autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Using Western Australian population-based linked data, the authors compared all children with ASD born in Western Australia during 1980-1995 (n = 465) with their siblings (n = 481) and population controls (n = 1,313) in a nested case-control study. The prevalence of birth defects was significantly higher in ASD cases than in population controls; this difference remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors. Odds ratios for birth defects were similar for autism (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 3.0) and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.3) but not for Asperger syndrome (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.9). Birth defects in case siblings were not significantly different from those in cases and population controls. The association between birth defects and ASD may be due to underlying genetic and/or environmental factors common to both ASD and birth defects, or birth defects may predispose a child to ASD. C1 [Dawson, Somer; Glasson, Emma J.; Dixon, Glenys; Bower, Carol] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. [Glasson, Emma J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Bower, Carol] King Edward Mem Hosp Women, Western Australian Birth Defects Registry, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia. RP Bower, C (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, POB 855, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. 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J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1296 EP 1303 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp059 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 446GF UT WOS:000266109400004 PM 19372213 ER PT J AU Durkin, MS Maenner, MJ Cunniff, CM Schieve, LA Albanese, MA AF Durkin, Maureen S. Maenner, Matthew J. Cunniff, Christopher M. Schieve, Laura A. Albanese, Mark A. TI RE: "ADVANCED PARENTAL AGE AND THE RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER" REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Durkin, Maureen S.; Maenner, Matthew J.; Albanese, Mark A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Cunniff, Christopher M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Durkin, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mdurkin@wisc.edu RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 CR Durkin MS, 2008, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V168, P1268, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn250 OLSEN J, AM J EPIDEM IN PRESS NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1406 EP 1407 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp064 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 446GF UT WOS:000266109400018 ER PT J AU Olsen, J Zhu, JL AF Olsen, Jorn Zhu, Jin Liang TI RE: "ADVANCED PARENTAL AGE AND THE RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PATERNAL AGE C1 [Olsen, Jorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zhu, Jin Liang] Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Olsen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jo@ucla.edu CR Durkin MS, 2008, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V168, P1268, DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn250 Sipos A, 2004, BRIT MED J, V329, P1070, DOI 10.1136/bmj.38243.672396.55 Zhu JL, 2006, BRIT MED J, V333, P679, DOI 10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE Zhu JL, 2008, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V23, P443, DOI 10.1007/s10654-008-9253-3 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1406 EP 1406 DI 10.1093/aje/kwp063 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 446GF UT WOS:000266109400017 PM 19395694 ER PT J AU Bowers, K Newschaffer, C Fallin, MD AF Bowers, K. Newschaffer, C. Fallin, M. D. TI GLUTATHIONE GENES AND AUTISM. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Bowers, K.; Newschaffer, C.; Fallin, M. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300463 ER PT J AU Kalkbrenner, AE Daniels, JL Poole, C Chen, JC AF Kalkbrenner, A. E. Daniels, J. L. Poole, C. Chen, J. C. TI HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS AND AUTISM IN NORTH CAROLINA AND WEST VIRGINIA. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 23-26, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP Soc Epidemiol Res C1 [Kalkbrenner, A. E.; Daniels, J. L.; Poole, C.; Chen, J. C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 169 BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 456SK UT WOS:000266868300465 ER PT J AU Hernandez, RN Feinberg, RL Vaurio, R Passanante, NM Thompson, RE Kaufmann, WE AF Hernandez, R. Nick Feinberg, Rachel L. Vaurio, Rebecca Passanante, Natalie M. Thompson, Richard E. Kaufmann, Walter E. TI Autism Spectrum Disorder in Fragile X Syndrome: A Longitudinal Evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE fragile X; autism; longitudinal; Autism diagnostic interview; adaptive socialization ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MALES; PHENOTYPE; SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENTS; MUTATION; AGE AB The present study extends our previous work on characterizing the autistic behavior profile of boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) who meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) into a longitudinal evaluation of ASD in FXS (FXS + ASD). Specifically, we aimed to determine the stability of the diagnosis and profile of ASD in FXS over time. Through regression models, we also evaluated which autistic and social behaviors and skills were correlates of diagnosis and autistic behavior severity (i.e., Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised total scores). Finally, we assessed the evolution of cognitive parameters in FXS + ASD. A population of 56 boys (30-88 months at baseline) with FXS was evaluated using measures of autistic, social, and cognitive behaviors and skills at three yearly evaluations. We found that the diagnosis of ASD in FXS was relatively stable over time. Further emphasizing this stability, we found a set of behaviors and skills, particularly those related to peer relationships and adaptive socialization, that differentiated FXS + ASD from the rest of the FXS cohort (FXS + None) and contributed to autistic severity at all time points. Nevertheless, the general improvement in autistic behavior observed in FXS + ASD coupled with the concurrent worsening in FXS + None resulted in less differentiation between the groups over time. Surprisingly, FXS + ASD IQ scores were stable while FXS + None non-verbal IQ scores declined. Our findings indicate that ASD is a distinctive subphenotype in FXS characterized by deficits in complex social interaction, with similarities to ASD in the general population. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Hernandez, R. Nick; Feinberg, Rachel L.; Vaurio, Rebecca; Passanante, Natalie M.; Kaufmann, Walter E.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. [Vaurio, Rebecca; Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Thompson, Richard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. 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Here we describe a 10-year-old girl with a de novo interstitial deletion encompassing Xp22.2p22.32 who presented with autism, moderate mental retardation, and some dysmorphic features. The deletion was delineated by FISH and STR analyses, and the breakpoints were determined using the Agilent 244 K oligonucleotide array. We found that the 5.5 Mb deletion is located on the paternal X chromosome and encompasses 18 genes. Further molecular and cytogenetic analyses showed unfavorable skewing of X-inactivation of the maternal (intact) chromosome. The phenotype of our patient was compared with previously reported female patients with deletions encompassing the same chromosomal region. We discuss the potential role of the genes in the deleted region and X chromosome inactivation in the pathogenesis of the phenotypic abnormalities seen in our patient. Our findings suggest that the severity and the variability of the clinical findings are determined by the size and the parental origin of the deletions as well as the X-inactivation status. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Shinawi, Marwan; Patel, Ankita; Panichkul, Prisana; Zascavage, Roxanne; Scaglia, Fernando] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Clin Care Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Patel, Ankita; Panichkul, Prisana] Baylor Coll Med, Med Genet Labs, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Panichkul, Prisana] Phramongkutklao Hosp, Dept Ob Gyn, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Peters, Sarika U.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Leopold Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Clin Care Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Scaglia, F (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Clin Care Ctr, Suite 1560,6621 Fannin St,Mail Code CC1560, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fscaglia@bcm.edu FU Cure Autism Now Foundation; Child Health Career Development-Baylor College of Medicine [K12HD41648]; Columbia University Autism Think Tank FX Grant sponsors: Cure Autism Now Foundation; Child Health Career Development-Baylor College of Medicine (K12HD41648); Columbia University Autism Think Tank. 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The proposita was the only child of healthy nonconsanguineous parents, born after an uneventful pregnancy, at 40 weeks gestation, by normal delivery. She was referred to us at age 3(10)/(12) years for evaluation of DD and absent speech. On examination, there were a flat face; low-set, posteriorly rotated cars; high-arched palate; hypotonic face; right single palmar crease; long, thin fingers; and a sacral dimple. Her height was at the 50th centile, weight at the 25th, and OFC at the 30th. Results of DNA FraX, HRB chromosomes, metabolic work-up, audiologic evaluation, brain MRI, electroencephalogram, and heart/abdomen ultrasonography were normal. When last seen, aged 8 years, she had a moderate intellectual disability (ID) and poor speech. She was hyperactive with short attention span and difficulty in concentration, but, based on formal testing, did not have autism. Our patient shows common clinical features to the four individuals described by Ballif et al. [Ballif et al. (2007); Nat Genet 39:1071-1073], and further characterizes the new microdeletion syndrome of 16p11.2-p12.2. aCGH suggests that the deletions of all cases share the same distal breakpoint. Of note, the proximal breakpoint of our proposita overlaps the distal breakpoint of the autistic patients studied by Kumar et al. [Kumar et al. (2008); Hum Mol Genet 17:628-638] and Weiss et al. [Weiss et al. (2008); N Eng J Med 358:667-675], confirming that the 16p region carrying susceptibility to autism is more centromeric. Our observation further defines two different, contiguous 16p genomic regions, responsible for a distinct MCA/1D syndrome, and for autism, respectively. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Battaglia, Agatino; Igliozzi, Roberta; Parrini, Barbara] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. [Novelli, Antonio; Bernardini, Laura] Hosp CSS IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo & Inst CSS Mendel, Rome, Italy. 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TI Citalopram Treatment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and High Levels of Repetitive Behavior SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RATES C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Volkmar, FR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 581 EP 582 PG 2 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 452UN UT WOS:000266566800002 PM 19487622 ER PT J AU King, BH Hollander, E Sikich, L McCracken, JT Scahill, L Bregman, JD Donnelly, CL Anagnostou, E Dukes, K Sullivan, L Hirtz, D Wagner, A Ritz, L AF King, Bryan H. Hollander, Eric Sikich, Linmarie McCracken, James T. Scahill, Lawrence Bregman, Joel D. Donnelly, Craig L. Anagnostou, Evdokia Dukes, Kimberly Sullivan, Lisa Hirtz, Deborah Wagner, Ann Ritz, Louise CA STAART Psychopharmacology Network TI Lack of Efficacy of Citalopram in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and High Levels of Repetitive Behavior Citalopram Ineffective in Children With Autism SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SEROTONIN-REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ADOLESCENT AUTISM; CROSSOVER TRIAL; MEDICATION USE; OPEN-LABEL; PLACEBO; FLUVOXAMINE AB Context: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely prescribed for children with autism spectrum disorders. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of citalopram hydrobromide therapy for repetitive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. Design: National Institutes of Health-sponsored randomized controlled trial. Setting: Six academic centers, including Mount Sinai School of Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of California at Los Angeles, Yale University, and Dartmouth Medical School. Participants: One hundred forty-nine volunteers 5 to 17 years old(mean [SD] age, 9.4 [3.1] years) were randomized to receive citalopram(n = 73) or placebo(n = 76). Participants had autistic spectrum disorders, Asperger disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified; had illness severity ratings of at least moderate on the Clinical Global Impressions, Severity of Illness Scale; and scored at least moderate on compulsive behaviors measured with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales modified for pervasive developmental disorders. Interventions: Twelve weeks of citalopram hydrobromide (10 mg/5 mL) or placebo. The mean (SD) maximum dosage of citalopram hydrobromide was 16.5 (6.5) mg/d by mouth (maximum, 20 mg/d). Main Outcome Measures: Positive response was defined by a score of much improved or very much improved on the Clinical Global Impressions, Improvement subscale. An important secondary outcome was the score on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales modified for pervasive developmental disorders. Adverse events were systematically elicited using the Safety Monitoring Uniform Report Form. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of positive response on the Clinical Global Impressions, Improvement subscale between the citalopram-treated group (32.9%) and the placebo group (34.2%) (relative risk, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.51; P > . 99). There was no difference in score reduction on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales modified for pervasive developmental disorders from baseline (mean [SD], -2.0 [3.4] points for the citalopram-treated group and -1.9[2.5] points for the placebo group; P = . 81). Citalopram use was significantly more likely to be associated with adverse events, particularly increased energy level, impulsiveness, decreased concentration, hyperactivity, stereotypy, diarrhea, insomnia, and dry skin or pruritus. Conclusion: Results of this trial do not support the use of citalopram for the treatment of repetitive behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. C1 [King, Bryan H.] Univ Washington, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hollander, Eric; Anagnostou, Evdokia] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Bregman, Joel D.] N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, Dept Psychiat, Great Neck, NY USA. [Sikich, Linmarie] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [McCracken, James T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. [Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. [Donnelly, Craig L.] Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. DM STAT Inc, Malden, MA USA. [Dukes, Kimberly; Sullivan, Lisa] Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hirtz, Deborah] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Off Clin Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wagner, Ann; Ritz, Louise] NIMH, Div Dev Translat Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP King, BH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. 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Gen. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 6 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 452UN UT WOS:000266566800003 PM 19487623 ER PT J AU Johnson, WG Buyske, S Mars, AE Sreenath, M Stenroos, ES Williams, TA Stein, R Lambert, GH AF Johnson, William G. Buyske, Steven Mars, Audrey E. Sreenath, Madhura Stenroos, Edward S. Williams, Tanishia A. Stein, Rosanne Lambert, George H. TI HLA-DR4 as a Risk Allele for Autism Acting in Mothers of Probands Possibly During Pregnancy SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Child-Neurology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2008 CL Santa Clara, CA SP Child Neurol Soc ID MATERNAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; NONSPECIFIC STIMULATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FETAL MALFORMATIONS; TRANSMISSION TEST; GENE; DISORDERS; ASSOCIATION; HAPLOTYPE; REELIN AB Objectives: To test whether HLA-DR4 acts in the mother, possibly during pregnancy, to contribute to the phenotype of autistic disorder in her fetus. Design: Transmission disequilibrium testing in case mothers and maternal grandparents. Setting: Previous studies have consistently shown increased frequency of HLA-DR4 in probands with autism and their mothers, but not their fathers. However, this has been documented only in case-control studies and not by a more direct study design to determine whether HLA-DR4 acts in mothers during pregnancy to contribute to autism in their affected offspring. Participants: We genotyped for HLA-DR alleles in members of 31 families with parents and maternal grandparents. Probands with autism were tested using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Western Psychological Services and Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised. There was 80% power to detect an odds ratio of 3.6. Participants were all families from New Jersey and were similar in number to earlier studies of autism and HLA-DR4. Outcome Measures: Analysis was by standard transmission disequilibrium testing. As a secondary test we examined the possibility of maternal imprinting. Results: Significant transmission disequilibrium for HLA-DR4 was seen (odds ratio, 4.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-16.24; P = .008) for transmissions from maternal grandparents to mothers of probands, supporting a role for HLA-DR4 as an autism risk factor acting in mothers during pregnancy. Transmission disequilibrium was not seen for HLA-DR4 transmissions from parents to probands or from mothers to probands. Conclusions: The HLA-DR4 gene may act in mothers of children with autism during pregnancy to contribute to autism in their offspring. Further studies are required to confirm these findings. C1 [Stein, Rosanne] Harvard Univ, Ctr Blood Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Stein, Rosanne] BioSci Res Associates, Cambridge, MA USA. [Buyske, Steven] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Buyske, Steven] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Genet, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Johnson, William G.; Sreenath, Madhura; Stenroos, Edward S.; Williams, Tanishia A.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Mars, Audrey E.; Williams, Tanishia A.; Lambert, George H.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Johnson, William G.; Mars, Audrey E.; Stenroos, Edward S.; Lambert, George H.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Ctr Childhood Neurotoxicol & Exposure Assessment, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Johnson, WG (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Neurol, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 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Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 163 IS 6 BP 542 EP 546 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 452UM UT WOS:000266566700006 PM 19487610 ER PT J AU Evardone, M Alexander, GM AF Evardone, Milagros Alexander, Gerianne M. TI Anxiety, Sex-Linked Behaviors, and Digit Ratios (2D:4D) SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Sex-linked behavior; 2D:4D ratio; Gonadal hormones ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; MENTAL ROTATION PERFORMANCE; GENDER-ROLE ORIENTATION; FINGER-LENGTH RATIOS; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; GONADAL-HORMONES; PANIC DISORDER; SPATIAL ABILITIES; RELATIVE LENGTHS; TOY PREFERENCES AB The second to fourth (2D:4D) digit ratio, a sexually dimorphic, phenotypic characteristic putatively associated with perinatal androgen action, has been used to evaluate the hypothesized relation between prenatal hormonal factors and a variety of sexually dimorphic behaviors, including sex-linked psychopathology. Smaller digit ratios, suggestive of stronger perinatal androgen action, have been associated with male-linked disorders (e.g., autism), and larger digit ratios, suggestive of weaker perinatal androgen action, have been associated with female-linked disorders (e.g., depression and eating disorders). To evaluate the possible relation between digit ratio and another traditionally female-linked disorder, anxiety, 2D:4D ratios were measured in a non-clinical sample (58 men, 52 women). Participants also completed a battery of anxiety and gender role measures and performed two spatial/cognitive tasks typically showing a male advantage (mental rotation and targeting) and two tasks typically showing a female advantage (location memory and spatial working memory). Men with a more feminine pattern of sex-linked traits and behaviors (including digit ratios) reported greater anxiety. 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Using a three-round Delphi study involving seven Australian psychologists specializing in treating people with autism, the authors explored the utility of four techniques that might be implemented to involve users with autism in the design process. The authors found that individual users from the target group would be likely to respond differently to the techniques and that no technique was clearly better than any other. Recommendations for using these techniques to involve individuals with autism in the design of assistive technologies are suggested. C1 [Mellor, David] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Burwood 3125, Australia. [Francis, Peter] Victoria Univ, Sch Management & Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Firth, Lucy] Univ Melbourne, Dept Informat Syst, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. RP Mellor, D (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood 3125, Australia. 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Technol. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1080/10400430902945561 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 521YE UT WOS:000271961700001 PM 19715250 ER PT J AU Rogers, SJ AF Rogers, Sally J. TI What are Infant Siblings Teaching Us About Autism in Infancy? SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNGER SIBLINGS; PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; SPEECH; RISK; COMMUNICATION; 1ST; DISENGAGEMENT; BEHAVIORS AB International research to understand infant patterns of development in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has recently focused on a research paradigm involving prospective longitudinal studies of infant siblings of children with autism. Such designs use a comparison group of infant siblings without any familial risks (the low-risk group) to gather longitudinal information about developmental skills across the first 3 years of life, followed by clinical diagnosis of ASD at 36 months. This review focuses on five topics: presence of ASD in the infant sibling groups, patterns and characteristics of motor development, patterns and characteristics of social and emotional development, patterns and characteristics of intentional communication, both verbal and nonverbal, and patterns that mark the onset of behaviors pathognomonic for ASD. Symptoms in all these areas typically begin to be detected during the age period of 12-24 months in infants who will develop autism. Onset of the symptoms occurs at varying ages and in varying patterns, but the pattern of frank loss of skills and marked regression reported from previous retrospective studies in 20-30% of children is seldom reported in these infant sibling prospective studies. Two surprises involve the very early onset of repetitive and unusual sensory behaviors, and the lack of predictive symptoms at the age of 6 months. Contrary to current views that autism is a disorder that profoundly affects social development from the earliest months of life, the data from these studies presents a picture of autism as a disorder involving symptoms across multiple domains with a gradual onset that changes both ongoing developmental rate and established behavioral patterns across the first 2-3 years of life. C1 [Rogers, Sally J.] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Rogers, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sally.rogers@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NIH [R01 MH081757, MH068398] FX Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: R01 MH081757; MH068398. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1002/aur.81 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497SS UT WOS:000270083200001 PM 19582867 ER PT J AU White, SJ Burgess, PW Hill, EL AF White, Sarah J. Burgess, Paul W. Hill, Elisabeth L. TI Impairments on "Open-Ended" Executive Function Tests in Autism SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; executive function; ecological validity; open-ended; implicit ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX AREA-10; FRONTAL-LOBE LESIONS; DYSEXECUTIVE SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BEHAVIORAL-ASSESSMENT; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY; CHILDREN; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB The executive function (EF) theory of autism has received much support recently from a growing number of studies. However, executive impairments have not always been easy to identify consistently and so novel "ecologically valid" tests have been designed which tap into real-life scenarios that are relevant to and representative of everyday behavior. One characteristic of many of these tasks is that they present the participant with an "ill-structured" or "open-ended" situation. Here, we investigated the possibility that tasks with greater degrees of open-endedness might prove more sensitive to detecting executive impairment in autism. Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared to 27 age- and IQ-matched control children on a range of cognitive tests of EF. Group differences were found on half of the tasks, with the greatest degree of impairment detected on the more open-ended tasks. The ASD group also performed more poorly on a simple control condition of a task. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1002/aur.78 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497SS UT WOS:000270083200002 PM 19536839 ER PT J AU Barnes, JL Lombardo, MV Wheelwright, S Baron-Cohen, S AF Barnes, Jennifer L. Lombardo, Michael V. Wheelwright, Sally Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Moral Dilemmas Film Task: A Study of Spontaneous Narratives by Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; empathy; story-telling; narrative; verbal ability; moral cognition; film ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; CHILDREN; COMPETENCE; ABILITY; EMPATHY AB People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties with mentalizing, empathy, and narrative comprehension. A new test of social and narrative cognition, the Moral Dilemmas Film Task, was developed to probe individuals' spontaneous understanding of naturalistic film scenes. Twenty-eight individuals with ASC and 28 neurotypical controls, matched for age, sex, and IQ, watched four short emotionally charged film clips each depicting a moral dilemma, and were asked to write about what they had seen. Individuals with ASC produced significantly shorter film-based narratives and showed a smaller bias for mental states over objects in their narratives than controls. A significant correlation was found between verbal IQ and the level of mentalizing in film narratives for the ASC group, but not the control group, while the reverse pattern was found with a measure of self-reported cognitive and affective empathy. These results suggest that to the extent that both groups succeed in viewing moral dilemmas in terms of mental content, they do so in different ways, with individuals with ASC using verbal scaffolding to increase their ability to draw meaning from social scenes. The well-established empathy deficit in ASC extends to spontaneous interpretation of moral dilemmas. This new film task has the potential to assay different aspects of how the social world is represented differently in ASC, including during moral comprehension. C1 [Barnes, Jennifer L.; Lombardo, Michael V.; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Barnes, JL (reprint author), 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1002/aur.79 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497SS UT WOS:000270083200003 PM 19575384 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, B Dudbridge, F Kent, L Wheelwright, S Hill-Cawthorne, G Allison, C Banerjee-Basu, S Baron-Cohen, S AF Chakrabarti, B. Dudbridge, F. Kent, L. Wheelwright, S. Hill-Cawthorne, G. Allison, C. Banerjee-Basu, S. Baron-Cohen, S. TI Genes Related to Sex Steroids, Neural Growth, and Social-Emotional Behavior are Associated with Autistic Traits, Empathy, and Asperger Syndrome SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; Asperger syndrome; autism; empathy; autistic traits; visual search; emotion recognition; SNP; broader autism phenotype ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT; DEFICIENT MICE; EYES TEST; DISORDERS; POPULATION; ESTROGEN; CHILDREN AB Genetic studies of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have mostly focused on the "low functioning" severe clinical subgroup, treating it as a rare disorder. However, ASC is now thought to be relatively common (similar to 1%), and representing one end of a quasi-normal distribution of autistic traits in the general population. Here we report a study of common genetic variation in candidate genes associated with autistic traits and Asperger syndrome (AS). We tested single nucleotide polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes in three functional groups (sex steroid synthesis/transport, neural connectivity, and social-emotional responsivity) in two experiments. These were (a) an association study of relevant behavioral traits (the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a population sample (n = 349); and (b) a case-control association study on a sample of people with AS, a "high-functioning" subgroup of ASC (n = 174). 27 genes showed a nominally significant association with autistic traits and/or ASC diagnosis. Of these, 19 genes showed nominally significant association with AQ/EQ. In the sex steroid group, this included ESR2 and CYP11B1. In the neural connectivity group, this included HOXA1, NTRK1, and NLGN4X. In the socio-responsivity behavior group, this included MAOB, AVPR1B, and WFS1. Fourteen genes showed nominally significant association with AS. In the sex steroid group, this included CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. In the socio-emotional behavior group, this included OXT. Six genes were nominally associated in both experiments, providing a partial replication. Eleven genes survived family wise error rate (FWER) correction using permutations across both experiments, which is greater than would be expected by chance. CYP11B1 and NTRK1 emerged as significantly associated genes in both experiments, after EWER correction (P<0.05). This is the first candidate-gene association study of AS and of autistic traits. The most promising candidate genes require independent replication and fine mapping. C1 [Chakrabarti, B.; Wheelwright, S.; Hill-Cawthorne, G.; Allison, C.; Banerjee-Basu, S.; Baron-Cohen, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Dudbridge, F.] Univ Forvie Site Robinson Way, MRC, Biostat Unit, Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England. [Chakrabarti, B.] Univ Reading, Dept Psychol, Reading, Berks, England. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1002/aur.82 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 497SS UT WOS:000270083200005 ER PT J AU Tobia, MJ Woodruff-Pak, DS AF Tobia, Michael J. Woodruff-Pak, Diana S. TI Delay Eyeblink Classical Conditioning Is Impaired in Fragile X Syndrome SO BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cerebellum; mental retardation; aging; longitudinal; FMRP ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; REFLEX FACILITATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PURKINJE-CELLS; RODENT MODEL; OLDER-ADULTS; MOUSE MODEL; AUTISM; ACQUISITION; YOUNG AB The authors examined 400 ins delay eyeblink classical conditioning in 20 participants with Fragile X syndrome ages 17 to 77 years, and 20 age-matched, healthy control participants. The participants in the Fragile X group demonstrated impaired learning and abnormal conditioned response timing. Adults with Fragile X (n = 16) were also tested at two successive 12-month follow-up sessions to examine reacquisition and long-term retention. Participants in groups who were older and younger than 45 years demonstrated significant learning during each reacquisition session. Younger participants demonstrated greater retention of the conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus association at each follow-up session than older participants. Fragile X impairs the acquisition and timing of conditioned eyeblink responses. but with repeated training adults with Fragile X syndrome show significant plasticity. C1 [Tobia, Michael J.; Woodruff-Pak, Diana S.] Temple Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Woodruff-Pak, DS (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Psychol, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM mtobia@temple.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AG09752, AG21025, AG23742] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, AG09752, AG21025, AG23742 to DSW-P. We thank Michelle Papka and Elliott Simon for the roles they played in providing access to participants and data collection. 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Due to the recent availability of relatively easy-to-use tools for functional connectivity analysis, there has been a sharp upsurge of studies that seek to characterize normal and psychopathologically abnormal brain functional integration. However, relatively few studies have applied functional and effective connectivity analysis techniques to developmental cognitive neuroscience. Functional and effective connectivity analysis methods are ideally suited to advance our understanding of the neural substrates of cognitive development, particularly in understanding how and why changes in the functional 'wiring' of neural networks promotes optimal cognitive control throughout development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the central concepts, methods, and findings of functional integration neuroimaging research to discuss key questions in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience. 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TI From fancy to reason: Scaling deaf and hearing children's understanding of theory of mind and pretence SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL STATES; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; NORMALLY HEARING; FALSE BELIEF; LANGUAGE; PLAY; PRESCHOOLERS; METAANALYSIS; MOTHERS; AUTISM AB We examined deaf and hearing children's progression of steps in theory of mind (ToM) development including their understanding of social pretending. Ninety-three children (33 deaf; 60 hearing) aged 3-13 years were tested on a set of six closely matched ToM tasks. Results showed that deaf children were delayed substantially behind hearing children in understanding pretending, false belief (FB) and other ToM concepts, in line with their delayed uptake of social pretend (SP) play. By using a scaling methodology, we confirmed previous evidence of a consistent five-step developmental progression for both groups. Moreover, by including social pretence understanding, both deaf and hearing children's ToM sequences were shown to extend reliably to six sequential developmental steps. Finally and focally, even though both groups' sequences were six steps long, the placement of pretence relative to other ToM milestones varied with hearing status. Deaf children understood social pretending at an earlier step in the ToM sequence than hearing children, albeit at a later chronological age. Theoretically, the findings are relevant to questions about how universal developmental progressions come together along with culturally distinctive inputs and biological factors (such as hearing loss) to set the pace for ToM development. C1 [Peterson, Candida C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Wellman, Henry M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Peterson, CC (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM candi@psy.uq.edu.au CR ASTINGTON JW, 1995, COGNITION EMOTION, V9, P151, DOI 10.1080/02699939508409006 Baron-Cohen S., 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P3 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Brown JR, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P836, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01767.x Brown PM, 1997, VOLTA REV, V99, P5 Courtin C., 1998, PSYCHOL PERSPECTIVES, V2, P79 Custer WL, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P678, DOI 10.2307/1131840 De Villiers J. G, 2005, WHY LANGUAGE MATTERS, P186 Dunn J, 1996, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V37, P507, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01437.x GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x GREEN BF, 1956, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V21, P79, DOI 10.1007/BF02289088 Harris P., 1993, MONOGRAPHS SOC RES C Harris P. 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J. Dev. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1348/026151008X299728 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 434LB UT WOS:000265275100004 PM 19998533 ER PT J AU Tadic, V Pring, L Dale, N AF Tadic, Valerie Pring, Linda Dale, Naomi TI Attentional processes in young children with congenital visual impairment SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOINT ATTENTION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BLIND-CHILDREN; AUTISM; INFANTS; PLAY; PATTERNS; LANGUAGE; DEFICITS; SETBACK AB The study investigated attentional processes of 32 preschool children with congenital visual impairment (VI). Children with profound visual impairment (PVI) and severe visual impairment (SVI) were compared to a group of typically developing sighted children in their ability to respond to adult directed attention in terms of establishing, maintaining, and shifting attention on toys. The measures of children's sensory-motor understanding (SMU) and language ability were obtained using the Reynell-Zinkin scales of mental development. The video-recordings of these play-based assessments were coded for three categories of behavioural responses (Establish, Maintain, and Shift). The three groups were matched on verbal comprehension (VC), but differed significantly in their SMU and their chronological age. The groups of children with PVI and SVI were found to be comparable in their ability to establish and maintain attention on objects. Despite a relatively good performance overall both groups scored significantly lower on those skills than children who were sighted. However, with regards to attention shifting, children with PVI showed significantly lower performance than both the children with SVI and the sighted children who were similar on this component. Ability to maintain and shift attention was significantly related to the cognitive ability of children with PVI; however the poorer attentional responses were not confined only to the children with low IQ. The results are discussed in relation to the role of vision, cognitive ability and executive function in attentional processes in children with congenital VI. C1 [Tadic, Valerie] Univ London, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England. [Dale, Naomi] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Dale, Naomi] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England. RP Tadic, V (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol, London SE14 6NW, England. 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L., 1997, BLINDNESS PSYCHOL DE, P116 REYNELL J, 1978, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V4, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1978.tb00088.x Reynell J, 1979, MANUAL REYNELL ZINKI Ruff H. A, 1996, ATTENTION EARLY DEV Sonksen PM, 2002, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V44, P782 SONKSEN PM, 1991, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V33, P320 Swettenham J, 2003, PHILOS T R SOC B, V358, P325, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1203 Swettenham J, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P747, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002595 Tomasello M., 1995, JOINT ATTENTION ITS, P103 WAINWRIGHTSHARP JA, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P1, DOI 10.1007/BF01066415 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 BP 311 EP 330 DI 10.1348/026151008X310210 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 434LB UT WOS:000265275100005 PM 19998534 ER PT J AU Wyman, E Rakoczy, H Tomasello, M AF Wyman, Emily Rakoczy, Hannes Tomasello, Michael TI Young children understand multiple pretend identities in their object play SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REALITY DISTINCTION; ELICITED PLAY; MENTAL STATES; MIND; AUTISM; REPRESENTATION; COMPREHENSION; APPEARANCE; PERCEPTION; KNOWLEDGE AB This set of studies examined the ability of 3-year-olds to conceptualize multiple pretend identities with objects. Rather than relying on verbal response measures, as has been done in the past, children's creative and inferential pretend actions were used as indicators of their understanding. The common structure to all four studies was that children were confronted with one pretend scenario, moved to a second pretend scenario and then back again to the first. Children proficiently tailored their pretence to an object whose pretend identity changed between scenarios despite being less able to name each identity. Thus, using an inferential action methodology, these studies provide early and particularly convincing evidence that children can track the multiple pretend identities of objects. C1 [Wyman, Emily; Rakoczy, Hannes; Tomasello, Michael] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RP Wyman, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM wyman@eva.mpg.de CR Abelev M, 2006, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V9, P590, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00537.x Amsel E, 1996, DEV PSYCHOL, V32, P479 BARONCOHEN S, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P207 Berguno G, 2004, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V22, P531, DOI 10.1348/0261510042378254 BOUCHER J, 1990, BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL, V8, P205 Bourchier A, 2002, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V5, P397, DOI 10.1111/1467-7687.00236_1 Bruell MJ, 1998, COGNITIVE DEV, V13, P257, DOI 10.1016/S0885-2014(98)90011-9 Casler K, 2005, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V8, P472, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00438.x Charman T, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P325, DOI 10.1023/A:1025806616149 CLEMENTS WA, 1994, COGNITIVE DEV, V9, P377, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(94)90012-4 FEIN GG, 1975, DEV PSYCHOL, V11, P291, DOI 10.1037/h0076568 FLAVELL JH, 1983, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V15, P95, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(83)90005-1 FLAVELL JH, 1981, DEV PSYCHOL, V17, P99, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.17.1.99 FLAVELL JH, 1987, DEV PSYCHOL, V23, P816, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.23.6.816 Frye D, 1995, COGNITIVE DEV, V10, P483, DOI 10.1016/0885-2014(95)90024-1 Goldin-Meadow S., 2003, HEARING GESTURE OUR Gomez Juan Carlos, 2002, P255, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511542282.020 Gomez Juan-Carlos, 2005, P139 GOPNIK A, 1991, CHILD DEV, V62, P98, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x Harris P. 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L., 1990, MIMESIS MAKE BELIEVE WATSON MW, 1977, CHILD DEV, V48, P828, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01238.x WELLMAN HM, 1986, CHILD DEV, V57, P910, DOI 10.2307/1130367 WIMMER H, 1983, COGNITION, V13, P103, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 WOOLLEY JD, 1995, DEV REV, V15, P172, DOI 10.1006/drev.1995.1008 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0261-510X J9 BRIT J DEV PSYCHOL JI Br. J. Dev. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 BP 385 EP 404 DI 10.1348/026151008X322893 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 434LB UT WOS:000265275100009 PM 19998537 ER PT J AU Low, J Goddard, E Melser, J AF Low, Jason Goddard, Elizabeth Melser, Joseph TI Generativity and imagination in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from individual differences in children's impossible entity drawings SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATIONAL CHANGE; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; LANGUAGE ABILITY; PRETEND PLAY; MIND; COMMUNICATION; IMPAIRMENTS; CONSTRAINTS; DISTINCTION; PERFORMANCE AB This study examined the cognitive underpinnings of spontaneous imagination in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by way of individual differences. Children with ASD (N = 27) and matched typically developing (TD) children were administered Karmiloff-Smith's (1990) imaginative drawing task, along with measures that tapped specific executive functions (generativity, visuospatial planning, and central coherence processing style) and false belief theory of mind (ToM) understanding. The ASD group drawings displayed deficits in imaginative content and a piecemeal pictorial style. ASD participants also showed group deficits in generativity, planning and ToM, and exhibited weak coherence. Individual differences in generativity were related to imaginative drawing content in the ASD group, and the association was mediated through planning ability. Variations in weak coherence were separately related to a piecemeal drawing style in the ASD group. Variations in generativity were also linked with imaginative drawing content in the TD group; the connection unfolded when it received pooled variance from receptive language ability, and thereupon mediated through false belief reasoning to cue imaginative content. Results are discussed in terms of how generativity plays a broad and important role for imagination in ASD and typical development, albeit in different ways. C1 [Low, Jason] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Psychol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Goddard, Elizabeth] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Melser, Joseph] Hawkes Bay Dist Hlth Board, Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth Serv, Hastings, New Zealand. RP Low, J (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Psychol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 BP 425 EP 444 DI 10.1348/026151008X334728 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 434LB UT WOS:000265275100011 PM 19998539 ER PT J AU Chaplin, E O'Hara, J Holt, G Bouras, N AF Chaplin, Eddie O'Hara, Jean Holt, Geraldine Bouras, Nick TI Mental health services for people with intellectual disability: challenges to care delivery SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism; commissioning; intellectual disability; mental health; neurodevelopmental disorders; service development AB The commissioning and provision of mental health services for people with intellectual disability is often complex and characterised by different service delivery models. This paper looks at the current situation 7 years after the White Paper, Valuing People (From words into action: London learning disabilities strategic framework, Department of Health, London), within the context of the National Service Framework for Mental Health (Establishing responsible commissioner; draft guidance. HSC draft, Department of Health, London). It sets out to illustrate problems faced in providing local services in the United Kingdom for those with intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This paper proposes new ways of working and introduces the concept of a neurodevelopmental model designed to address gaps and inequalities within services by offering solutions that embrace joint working. C1 [Chaplin, Eddie; O'Hara, Jean; Holt, Geraldine] S London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Estia Ctr, London SE1 3SS, England. [Chaplin, Eddie; O'Hara, Jean; Holt, Geraldine; Bouras, Nick] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [O'Hara, Jean] Guys Hosp, York Clin, London SE1 3RR, England. [Bouras, Nick] S London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Maudsley Int & Estia Ctr, London SE1 3SS, England. RP Chaplin, E (reprint author), S London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Estia Ctr, London SE1 3SS, England. EM Eddie.chaplin@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Chaplin, Edward/F-7191-2011; Chaplin, Edward/H-5414-2011 CR Agrawal N, 2008, PSYCHIAT B, V32, P303, DOI 10.1192/pb.bp.107.018432 Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Beadle-Brown J, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P845, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00848.x Bouras N, 2003, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V47, P439, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00514.x Bouras N, 2001, TREATING MENTAL ILLNESS AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION, P493 Bouras N, 2004, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V184, P291, DOI 10.1192/bjp.184.4.291 CHAPLIN E, 2007, ADV MENTAL HLTH LEAR, V1, P7 Chaplin E., 2008, ADV MENTAL HLTH LEAR, V2, P46 Chaplin R, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P1, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00580.x Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, 2006, JOINT INV PROV SERV Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, 2007, INV SERV PEOPL LEARN Crossland S, 2005, MED SCI LAW, V45, P147 *DEP HLTH, 1999, EST RESP COMM DRAFT *DEP HLTH, 2001, WORDS ACT LOND LEARN *DEP HLTH, 1999, 1999117 HSC DEP HLTH *DEP HLTH, 2004, COMM SERV CLOS HOM N Department of Health, 2001, VAL PEOPL NEW STRAT Department of Health, 2003, FAIR ACC CAR SERV GU Department of Health, 1999, NAT SERV FRAM MENT H Department of Health, 2006, OUR HLTH OUR CAR OUR DEVRIES PJ, 2007, CHILD ADOL MENT H-UK, V12, P76, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00434.x EMERSON E, 2008, SCIE KNOWLEDGE REV, V20 Hall I, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P598, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00821.x HEMMINGS CP, 2008, BR J LEARN IN PRESS KLEIN J, 2003, MODEL COMMUNITIES IN Mansell J., 1993, SERVICES PEOPLE LEAR Mansell J., 2007, SERVICES PEOPLE LEAR Mencap, 2007, DEATH IND Michaels J., 2008, HEALTHCARE ALL REPOR O'Hara J., 2000, PSYCHIAT B, V24, P368, DOI 10.1192/pb.24.10.368 *REED REP, 1992, CM2088, V1 Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1996, M MENT HLTH NEEDS PE Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2003, CR115 ROYAL COLL PSY Royal College of Psychiatrists British Psychological Society and Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, 2007, CR144 ROYAL COLL PSY SPILLER M, 2004, QUALITATIVE CONTEXTU Strydom A, 2005, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V18, P229, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00221.x *VAL PEOPL SUPP TE, 2004, GREEN LIGHT MENT HLT Xenitidis K, 2004, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V48, P11, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00586.x NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-4187 J9 BRIT J LEARN DISABIL JI Brit. J. Learn. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00540.x PG 8 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA V16YA UT WOS:000207903700013 ER PT J AU Baron-Cohen, S Scott, FJ Allison, C Williams, J Bolton, P Matthews, FE Brayne, C AF Baron-Cohen, Simon Scott, Fiona J. Allison, Carrie Williams, Joanna Bolton, Patrick Matthews, Fiona E. Brayne, Carol TI Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME TEST; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; QUOTIENT AQ; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; AGE-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VERSION AB Background Recent reports estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions in the UK to be 1%. Aims To use different methods to estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions, including previously undiagnosed cases, in Cambridgeshire. Method We carried out a survey of autism-spectrum conditions using the Special Educational Needs (SEN) register. A diagnosis survey was distributed to participating schools to be handed out to parents of all children aged 5-9 years. The mainstream primary school population was screened for unknown cases. Results The prevalence estimates generated from the SEN register and diagnosis survey were 94 per 10000 and 99 per 10000 respectively. A total of 11 children received a research diagnosis of an autism-spectrum condition following screening and assessment. The ratio of known:unknown cases is about 3:2 (following statistical weighting procedures). Taken together, we estimate the prevalence to be 157 per 10000, including previously undiagnosed cases. Conclusions This study has implications for planning diagnostic, social and health services. C1 [Baron-Cohen, Simon; Scott, Fiona J.; Allison, Carrie; Bolton, Patrick] Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Williams, Joanna; Brayne, Carol] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Matthews, Fiona E.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Biostat Unit, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Baron-Cohen, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. EM sb205@cam.ac.uk RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 FU Shirley Foundation; Medical Research Council; UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust FX This study was funded by the Shirley Foundation. S.B-C., F.J.M and J.W. were funded by the Medical Research Council during the period of this work. P.B. was supported by the UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. 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J. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2009 VL 194 IS 6 BP 500 EP 509 DI 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 455TT UT WOS:000266789600005 PM 19478287 ER PT J AU Spikins, P AF Spikins, Penny TI Autism, the Integrations of 'Difference' and the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour SO CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID MIDDLE STONE-AGE; SOUTH-AFRICA; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BLOMBOS CAVE; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SHELL BEADS; PALEOLITHIC BURIALS; ATTACHMENT SECURITY; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; VISUAL-SEARCH AB It is proposed here that the archaeological evidence for the emergence of 'modern behaviour' (160,000-40,000 bp) can best be explained as the rise of cognitive variation within populations through social mechanisms for integrating 'different minds', rather than by the development of a single 'modern human mind'. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 179 EP 201 DI 10.1017/S0959774309000262 PG 23 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 457VN UT WOS:000266962500002 ER PT J AU Butler, K AF Butler, Karen TI Autism in Your Classroom: A General Educator's Guide to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY-REVUE CANADIENNE D ERGOTHERAPIE LA English DT Book Review CR Fein D, 2007, AUTISM YOUR CLASSROO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CANADIAN ASSOC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS PI OTTAWA PA CTTC BLDG, 3400-1125 COLONEL BY DRIVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1S 5R1, CANADA SN 0008-4174 J9 CAN J OCCUP THER JI Can. J. Occup. Ther. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 3 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA V20TL UT WOS:000208162200008 ER PT J AU Magill-Evans, J Smith, L AF Magill-Evans, Joyce Smith, Louisa TI Autism 24/7: A Family Guide to Learning at Home and in the Community SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY-REVUE CANADIENNE D ERGOTHERAPIE LA English DT Book Review CR BONDY A, 2008, AUTISM 24 7 FAMILY G NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CANADIAN ASSOC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS PI OTTAWA PA CTTC BLDG, 3400-1125 COLONEL BY DRIVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1S 5R1, CANADA SN 0008-4174 J9 CAN J OCCUP THER JI Can. J. Occup. Ther. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 3 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA V20TL UT WOS:000208162200009 ER PT J AU Yang, J Zhou, SJ Yao, SQ Su, LY McWhinnie, C AF Yang, Juan Zhou, Shijie Yao, Shuqiao Su, Linyan McWhinnie, Chad TI The Relationship Between Theory of Mind and Executive Function in a Sample of Children from Mainland China SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Theory of mind; Executive function; Autism ID CARD SORTING TEST; INHIBITORY CONTROL; WORKING-MEMORY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; FUNCTION DEFICITS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DYSFUNCTION; TASK AB To explore the relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) in a sample of individuals from mainland China, 20 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 26 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 30 normal control subjects were compared on two batteries of ToM tasks and EF tasks. Children with ASD had a significant theory of mind impairment relative to the other controls, while non-verbal IQ removed group differences in executive function. ToM was significantly correlated with inhibitory control. Performance on inhibitory control tasks, however, did not affect performance on ToM tasks. C1 [Yang, Juan; Zhou, Shijie; Yao, Shuqiao; Su, Linyan] Cent S Univ, Clin Psychol Res Ctr, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China. [McWhinnie, Chad] McGill Univ, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Zhou, SJ (reprint author), Cent S Univ, Clin Psychol Res Ctr, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China. 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X., 2000, CHINESE MENTAL HLTH, V14, P332 NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-398X J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10578-008-0119-4 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 409MX UT WOS:000263510900001 PM 18780179 ER PT J AU Goodlin-Jones, BL Waters, S Anders, TF AF Goodlin-Jones, Beth L. Waters, Sara Anders, Thomas F. TI Objective Sleep Measurement in Typically and Atypically Developing Preschool Children with ADHD-Like Profiles SO CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Sleep; Actigraphy; Children; ADHD; Preschoolers; Psychopathology ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE-TEST; YOUNG-ADULTS; PATTERNS; AUTISM; SYMPTOMS; DISTURBANCES; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective This study investigated the association between preschool children's sleep patterns measured by actigraphy and parent-reported hyperactivity symptoms. Many previous studies have reported sleep problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms. Methods This study examined a cross-sectional sample of 186 preschoolers age 2-5 years in three groups: children with autism, children with developmental delay without autism, and typically developing children recruited from the general population. One week of actigraphic sleep data plus a parent report of the presence or absence of a current sleep problem were collected. Parents completed the child behavior checklist; a subset of children in preschool had teachers who completed the caregiver-teacher report form. Sleep behavior was compared for those children with and without clinical levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (T scores a parts per thousand yen 65). Results The prevalence of a parent-defined sleep problem across the entire sample was 36.1%. Thirty-four percent of the sample had a parent-reported ADHD composite in the clinical range. Those children with a clinical ADHD profile were more likely to be described by parents as having a sleep problem. However, no significant differences in actigraphic sleep patterns or night-to-night sleep-wake variability were found for children with an ADHD profile in the clinical range. Conclusions In this non-clinical sample of preschool age children, parental reports of clinical ADHD profiles were significantly associated with parental reports of sleep problems but not with actigraphically recorded sleep-wake data. C1 [Goodlin-Jones, Beth L.; Waters, Sara; Anders, Thomas F.] MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Goodlin-Jones, BL (reprint author), MIND Inst, Dept Psychiat, Sacramento, CA USA. EM beth.goodlinjones@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu CR Acebo C, 2005, SLEEP, V28, P1568 Achenbach T. M., 2000, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE Homer CJ, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V105, P1158 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anders T. F., 2007, AGE GENDER CONSIDERA, P215 Bruni O, 2006, SLEEP MED, V7, P43, DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.09.003 Chervin RD, 2002, SLEEP, V25, P213 Corbett BA, 2006, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V12, P335, DOI 10.1080/09297040500350938 Corkum P, 1998, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V37, P637, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199806000-00014 Cortese S, 2006, SLEEP, V29, P504 Doo S, 2006, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V48, P650, DOI 10.1017/S001216220600137X Fischer M, 2005, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V27, P107, DOI 10.1207/s15326942dn2701_5 Fombonne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V289, P87, DOI 10.1001/jama.289.1.87 Gau SSF, 2007, SLEEP, V30, P195 Golan N, 2004, SLEEP, V27, P261 Goldstein S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P329, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029554.46570.68 Goodlin-Jones BL, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P930, DOI [10.1097/CHI.ObO13e3181799f7c, 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181799f7c] Gruber R, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P495, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200004000-00019 Gruber R, 2004, SLEEP, V27, P267 Gruber R, 2007, SLEEP, V30, P1003 Hiscock H, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1317, DOI 10.1542/peds.107.6.1317 Honomichl RD, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P553, DOI 10.1023/A:1021254914276 Konofal E, 2001, PSYCHIAT CLIN NEUROS, V55, P97, DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00808.x Lecendreux M, 2000, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V41, P803, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099005971 Lord C., 1999, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Meltzer LJ, 2006, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V29, P1059, DOI 10.1016/j.psc.2006.08.004 Mindell JA, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V117, pE1223, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-1693 Mindell JA, 2006, SLEEP, V29, P1263 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 2001, HLTH PEOPL 2010 O'Brien LM, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P554, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.3.554 Owens JA, 2005, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V26, P312, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200508000-00011 Reid MJ, 1999, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V27, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1022606206076 Richdale A, 2000, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V25, P147 Richdale AL, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P60, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299000122 RUTTER M, 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN Sadeh A, 2006, SLEEP MED REV, V10, P381, DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2006.03.004 SADEH A, 1994, SLEEP, V17, P201 SCHRECK KA, 2005, J CHILD FAM STUD, V14, P101, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10826-005-1125-9 Sitnick SL, 2008, SLEEP, V31, P395 Wiggs L, 2005, SLEEP, V28, P1437 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-398X J9 CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D JI Child Psychiat. Hum. Dev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10578-009-0124-2 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 409MX UT WOS:000263510900007 PM 19142725 ER PT J AU Bremer, A Anderlid, B Nordenskjold, M Giacobini, M Schoumans, J AF Bremer, A. Anderlid, B. Nordenskjold, M. Giacobini, M. Schoumans, J. TI Screening for Genomic Imbalances in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) using Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH) SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 04-07, 2009 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Cytogeneticists Assoc C1 [Bremer, A.; Anderlid, B.; Nordenskjold, M.; Giacobini, M.; Schoumans, J.] Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 SU 1 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 464DJ UT WOS:000267485000173 ER PT J AU van Daalen, E Verbeek, N Ozgen, H Vorstman, J de Jonge, M van 't Slot, R Brilstra, E Freitag, C Hochstenbach, R Poot, M AF van Daalen, E. Verbeek, N. Oezgen, H. Vorstman, J. de Jonge, M. van 't Slot, R. Brilstra, E. Freitag, C. Hochstenbach, R. Poot, M. TI Novel loci and candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder detected by SNP array based segmental aneuploidy screening SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 04-07, 2009 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Cytogeneticists Assoc C1 [van Daalen, E.; Verbeek, N.; Oezgen, H.; Vorstman, J.; de Jonge, M.; van 't Slot, R.; Brilstra, E.; Freitag, C.; Hochstenbach, R.; Poot, M.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Frankfurt, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 SU 1 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 464DJ UT WOS:000267485000177 ER PT J AU Yurov, Y Vorsanova, S Iourov, I Kravets, V Demidova, I Beresheva, A Kolitii, A Voinova-Ulas, V Gorbachevskaya, N AF Yurov, Y. Vorsanova, S. Iourov, I. Kravets, V. Demidova, I. Beresheva, A. Kolitii, A. Voinova-Ulas, V. Gorbachevskaya, N. TI Chromosomal rearrangements, mosaicism and heteromorphism in children with idiopathic autism SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 04-07, 2009 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Cytogeneticists Assoc RI Iourov, Ivan/O-7684-2014 OI Iourov, Ivan/0000-0002-4134-8367 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 SU 1 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 464DJ UT WOS:000267485000344 ER PT J AU Vazna, A Musova, Z Vlckova, M Novotna, D Dvorakova, L Hrdlicka, M Havlovicova, M Sedlacek, Z AF Vazna, A. Musova, Z. Vlckova, M. Novotna, D. Dvorakova, L. Hrdlicka, M. Havlovicova, M. Sedlacek, Z. TI FMR1 gene expansion, large deletion of Xp and skewed X-inactivation in a girl with autism and mental retardation SO CHROMOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European Cytogenetics Conference CY JUL 04-07, 2009 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP European Cytogeneticists Assoc C1 [Vazna, A.; Musova, Z.; Vlckova, M.; Novotna, D.; Hrdlicka, M.; Havlovicova, M.; Sedlacek, Z.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Prague, Czech Republic. [Dvorakova, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-3849 J9 CHROMOSOME RES JI Chromosome Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 SU 1 BP 201 EP 202 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 464DJ UT WOS:000267485000393 ER PT J AU Macefield, VG AF Macefield, Vaughan G. TI Developments in autonomic research: a review of the latest literature SO CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH LA English DT News Item DE Amygdala; Emotion; Fear; Nucleus accumbens; Orgasm; Pleasure; Skin conductance; Ventromedial prefrontal cortex ID HUMAN MALE EJACULATION; EMOTIONAL AROUSAL; BRAIN ACTIVATION; RESPONSES; AMYGDALA; CORTEX; ORGASM; WOMEN AB In addition to its homeostatic role, the autonomic nervous system is responsible for generating many of the outward signs of our emotions: our tears, our racing heart, our cold sweat. While mental stress causes an increase in heart rate and sweat release, viewing emotionally charged images-especially negative images-causes a decrease in heart rate. Children with autism spectrum disorder show increases in skin conductance (sweat release) when presented with images of faces, but their capacity to recognize faces is compromised. Conversely, children with Williams syndrome, who are very interested in faces and are socially very engaging, show blunted sudomotor responses to faces and show decreases in heart rate. Many studies have used emotionally charged visual stimuli to induce autonomic responses, and changes in electrical skin conductance as a convenient marker of autonomic arousal, to examine the brain structures involved in emotional processes. Such studies have shown that the amygdala is strongly activated during exposure to fearful images, whereas the nucleus accumbens responds strongly to erotic or romantic images (and is deactivated when exposed to negative images). Given that the nucleus accumbens forms part of the reward circuitry, it is perhaps not surprising that it is activated during that most pleasurable of autonomic acts, orgasm. C1 Univ Western Sydney, Sch Med, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Macefield, VG (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Sch Med, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. 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Auton. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s10286-009-0016-3 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 456BB UT WOS:000266811900001 ER PT J AU Chan, AS Cheung, MC Han, YMY Sze, SL Leung, WW Man, HS To, CY AF Chan, Agnes S. Cheung, Mei-chun Han, Yvonne M. Y. Sze, Sophia L. Leung, Winnie W. Man, Hok Sum To, Cho Yee TI Executive function deficits and neural discordance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Executive dysfunctions; Neural discordance; EEG ID BEHAVIOR RATING INVENTORY; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; OSTERREITH COMPLEX FIGURE; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; WORKING-MEMORY; HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; CLINICAL RESPONDERS; INTRUSION ERRORS AB Objective: This Study examined neurophysiologic activities, executive dysfunctions, and their association in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Methods: Thirty-eight normal and 16 children with ASD participated with parental consent. Executive functions were measured using neuropsychological tests and parent ratings, and neurophysiologic activities were measured using EEG to yield cordance values, an indirect measure of brain perfusion. Results: Children with ASD made significantly more intrusion errors and False Alarms on the Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT) and Object Recognition Test (OR) than normal children, but were comparable to normal children on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Continuous Performance Test. They also showed significantly poorer executive functions in everyday activities as shown on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and had lower frontal perfusion patterns than normal children as shown in the neurophysiologic cordance measures. Frontal cordance Values were found to be significantly associated with executive dysfunctions in HKLLT Delayed Intrusions, OR False Alarms and BRIEF. Conclusions: Children with ASD were impaired in everyday executive functioning and response inhibition. The cordance value, which has been shown to correlate with brain perfusion in a number of studies, was significantly correlated with executive dysfunctions. Significance: Exploration of this measure as an index for response to intervention is warranted. (C) 2009 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Agnes S.; Sze, Sophia L.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Integrat Neuropsychol Rehabil Ctr, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cheung, Mei-chun] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text & Clothing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Han, Yvonne M. 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Neurophysiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.04.002 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 463WT UT WOS:000267464800013 PM 19442578 ER PT J AU Tervo, RC Asis, M AF Tervo, Raymond C. Asis, Martin TI Parents' Reports Predict Abnormal Investigations in Global Developmental Delay SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE parent report; abnormal investigations; global developmental delay ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY; CLINICAL GENETIC EVALUATION; ACADEMY-OF-NEUROLOGY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ETIOLOGIC YIELD; DIAGNOSTIC YIELD; PRACTICE-COMMITTEE; PRACTICE PARAMETER AB To identify symptoms reported by parents that predict abnormal laboratory investigations in preschoolers with global developmental delay (GDD). Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 8 1 boys and 38 girls, with a mean age of 43.5 months (SD = 13.4), with global developmental delay. All parents/guardians completed the following: (1) a semistructured interview about their child and family; (2) the Child Development Inventory (CDI); (3) the Possible Problems Checklist (PPC); and (4) the Child Behavior Checklist 1 1/2-5 (CBCL). Results. There were 61 abnormal results: MRI 37 (31%); high-resolution chromosomes 8 (7%); fragile X molecular testing 4 (3%); and microarray comparative genomic hybridization 12 (10%). A total of 47 children had abnormal tests (40%): none, 72 (60%); one, 36 (30%); two, 8 (7%); three, (3%). Younger children with more developmental delays are more likely to have abnormal tests. They are Clumsy, more passive, and less disobedience. They had lower total, externalizing, and internalizing problems scores. The odds of finding an abnormal investigation are increasingly greater as parent's report of language comprehension and social development ratios increase, and decrease in likelihood for every increase in the expressive language and fine motor ratios. Interpretation. Parent's reports predict abnormal tests and indicate quantifiable differences requiring investigation. C1 [Tervo, Raymond C.] Gillette Childrens Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. [Tervo, Raymond C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Asis, Martin] St Paul Radiol, St Paul, MN USA. RP Tervo, RC (reprint author), Gillette Childrens Specialty Healthcare, 200 E Univ Ave, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. 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Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1177/0009922809332592 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 444BL UT WOS:000265954800008 PM 19252105 ER PT J AU Zafeiriou, DI Ververi, A Vargiami, E AF Zafeiriou, D. I. Ververi, A. Vargiami, E. TI The Serotonergic System: Its Role in Pathogenesis and Early Developmental Treatment of Autism SO CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Autism; serotonin; serotonergic; developmental intervention; plasticity; 5-hydroxytryptophan ID FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; CAJAL-RETZIUS CELLS; TRANSPORTER GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONAL POLYMORPHISM; INHIBITORY ARCHITECTURE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; ADOLESCENT AUTISM AB Autism is a severe childhood disorder already presenting in the first 3 years of life and, therefore, strongly correlated with neurodevelopmental alterations in prenatal, as well as postnatal period. Neurotransmitters hold a pivotal role in development by providing the stimulation needed for synapses and neuronal networks to be formed during the critical period of neuroplasticity. Aberrations of the serotonergic system modify key processes in the developing brain and are strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of developmental disorders. Evidence for the role of serotonin in autism emerges from neuropathological, imaging and genetic studies. Due to its developmental arrest, autism requires early intervention that would, among others, target the disrupted serotonergic system and utilize brain plasticity to elicit clinically important brain changes in children. C1 [Zafeiriou, D. I.; Ververi, A.; Vargiami, E.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Pediat 1, Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Zafeiriou, DI (reprint author), Egnatia St 106, Thessaloniki 54622, Greece. 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Neuropharmacol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 2 BP 150 EP 157 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 485UE UT WOS:000269149500011 PM 19949574 ER PT J AU Mefford, HC Eichler, EE AF Mefford, Heather C. Eichler, Evan E. TI Duplication hotspots, rare genomic disorders, and common disease SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; 17Q21.31 MICRODELETION SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CONTIGUOUS GENE DELETION; LOW COPY REPEATS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ARRAY CGH; BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES; CHROMOSOME 1Q21.1; WILLI-SYNDROME AB The human genome is enriched in interspersed segmental duplications that sensitize approximately 10% of our genome to recurrent microdeletions and microduplications as a result of unequal crossing over. We review the recent discovery of recurrent rearrangements within these genomic hotspots and their association with both syndromic and nonsyndromic diseases. Studies of common complex genetic disease show that a subset of these recurrent events plays an important role in autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. The genomic hotspot model may provide a powerful approach for understanding the role of rare variants in common disease. C1 [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mefford, Heather C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eichler, EE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM eee@gs.washington.edu FU NIH [FID043569, FID043376] FX We thank Ginger Cheng for assistance in preparation of Figure 1. We a pologize to our Colleagues whom wc could not cite due to the limited number of allowed references. Dr. Eichler is an investigator of the Howard Flughes Medical Institute and is supported in part by the NIH grant FID043569. Dr.Meftord is supportcd in part by NIH grant FID043376. 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Lang, Russell Rispoli, Mandy Davis, Tonya Shogren, Karrie Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Giulio Antonucci, Massimo Langthorne, Paul Andrews, Alonzo Didden, Robert TI Using Videoconferencing to Conduct Functional Analysis of Challenging Behavior and Develop Classroom Behavioral Support Plans for Students with Autism SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; TELEPSYCHIATRY; INTERVENTIONS; TELEMEDICINE; ASSESSMENTS AB We conducted a functional analysis of challenging behavior for two students with autism using widely available videoconferencing equipment (laptop computers equipped with web cameras). Observers used the videoconferencing facilities to collect data on challenging behavior and to instruct the therapist conducting the assessment. Results of the functional analyses suggested that challenging behavior was associated with escape from academic demands and access to attention for both students. 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P., 2001, ED CHILDREN AUTISM Monnier J, 2003, PSYCHIAT SERV, V54, P1604, DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.54.12.1604 Murphy G, 1999, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V43, P149, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00183.x ODOM S, 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V10, P166 O'Reilly M, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P305, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3294-1 REICHLE J, 1990, NAT WORK C POST APPR SCHOPLER E, 1980, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V10, P91, DOI 10.1007/BF02408436 SIGAFOOS J, 2003, CHALLENGING BEHAV DE Taylor BA, 2005, BEHAV INTERVENT, V20, P239, DOI 10.1002/bin.200 Tousignant M, 2006, Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, V1, P209, DOI 10.1080/17483100600776965 Watson TS, 1999, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V28, P292 WEBER KP, 2005, PSYCHOL SCH, V42, P437 Zarate CA, 1997, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V58, P22, DOI 10.4088/JCP.v58n0104 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 207 EP 217 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 531ME UT WOS:000272669600006 ER PT J AU Ozcan, N Cavkaytar, A AF Ozcan, Nihal Cavkaytar, Atilla TI Parents as Teachers: Teaching Parents How to Teach Toilet Skills to Their Children with Autism and Mental Retardation SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a parent training program for teaching toilet skills to children with autism and mental retardation. The study was conducted with three mothers and their children. A multiple probe design using probe sessions across subjects was used. The experimental procedure consisted of two meetings and a home visit. Results of the study showed that children achieved the target skill independently. They continued to use the skill during the follow up phase. Overall findings indicated that the parent training program was effective on teaching toilet skills for children with autism and mental retardation. C1 [Cavkaytar, Atilla] Anadolu Univ, Dept Special Educ, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Cavkaytar, A (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Dept Special Educ, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. EM acavkayt@anadolu.edu.tr CR American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR), 2002, MENT RET DEF CLASS S Baker B. L., 2004, STEPS INDEPENDENCE T BAKER BL, 1984, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V19, P261 Berger EH, 2008, PARENTS PARTNERS ED Bettison S., 1982, TOILET TRAINING INDE CANE JD, 1985, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V51, P417 CAVKAYTAR A, 1999, ZIHIN ENGELLILERE OZ Cavkaytar A, 2007, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V42, P85 Cicero FR, 2002, RES DEV DISABIL, V23, P319, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00136-1 CUNNINGHAM C, 1985, BRIT J MED PSYCHOL, V58, P285 DALRYMPLE N, 1991, TOILETING FUNCTIONAL Detweiler D. D., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P98, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576050200020601 Dillenburger K, 2004, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V29, P119, DOI 10.1080/13668250410001709476 Drew C. J., 2007, INTELLECTUAL DISABIL, V9th FIEDLER CR, 2008, PARENTS FAMILIES CHI Heward W.L., 2006, EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LEYSER Y, 1988, SCH COUNSELOR, V35, P363 RADFORD J, 2003, EARLY CHILD DEV CARE, V172, P375 SABANOVA N, 2007, EURASIAN J EDUC RES, V27, P43 Schuster MA, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P173, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.159.2.173 TAYLOR I, 2005, PARENTS ED AUTISM TH Turnbull A. P., 1983, SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTI, P17 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 531ME UT WOS:000272669600008 ER PT J AU Schwartzman, LJV Vause, T Martin, GL Yu, CT Campbell, L Danbrook, M Feldman, M AF Schwartzman, Lisa J. V. Vause, Tricia Martin, Garry L. Yu, C. T. Campbell, Lindsay Danbrook, Matthew Feldman, Maurice TI Predicting the Learning Ability of Children with Autism: The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities Test versus Parents' Predictions SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; TRAINING TASKS; PEOPLE AB The Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) test is a useful assessment and training tool for persons with developmental disabilities. The present study assessed the predictive validity of the ABLA test with 16 children diagnosed. with an autistic spectrum disorder, eight who performed at ABLA Level 4 and eight who performed at ABLA Level 6. Twenty criterion tasks were selected, four at each of five ABLA Levels. Predictions were made based on ABLA test performance and, by parents as to whether each child, would learn each of the criterion tasks (given certain conditions). The researchers then attempted, to teach the 20 criterion tasks to each child until they reached either the pass standard or the fail standard of the ABLA test. Ninety-four percent of predictions based on ABLA performance were confirmed, and the ABLA test was significantly more accurate for predicting a child's performance than were parents. C1 [Martin, Garry L.] Univ Manitoba, St Pauls Coll, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. [Martin, Garry L.; Yu, C. T.] St Amant Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R2M 3Z9, Canada. [Vause, Tricia; Campbell, Lindsay; Danbrook, Matthew; Feldman, Maurice] Brock Univ, St Catharines, ON LS2 3A1, Canada. RP Martin, GL (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, St Pauls Coll, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. EM tvause@brocku.ca; gmartin@cc.umanitoba.ca; yu@stamant.mb.ca RI Yu, C.T./D-1731-2014 CR Cohen H, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, P145, DOI DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00013 CONDILLAC RA, 2002, THESIS U TORONTO Connor M., 1998, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V14, P109, DOI 10.1080/0266736980140206 Kerr N., 1977, REHABIL PSYCHOL, V24, P95 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 MARTIN G, 1983, REHABIL PSYCHOL, V28, P231 Martin G. L., 2004, ADV DEV DISABILITIES, P161 Martin G. L., 2000, J DEV DISABILITIES, V7, P10 Martin GL, 2008, BEHAV MODIF, V32, P228, DOI 10.1177/0145445507309022 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 MORRIS D, 2002, THESIS U TORONTO *NEW YORK STAT DEP, 1999, CLIN PRACT GUID GUID Richards DF, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P329, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0329:TNEDRT>2.0.CO;2 Rogers SJ, 1998, J CLIN CHILD PSYCHOL, V27, P168, DOI 10.1207/s15374424jccp2702_4 Sallows GO, 2005, AM J MENT RETARD, V110, P417, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[417:IBTFCW]2.0.CO;2 Schreibman L., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P920 Stubbings V, 1998, AM J MENT RETARD, V102, P473 Stubbings V., 1995, INT J PRACTICAL APPR, V19, P12, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(1998)102<0473:MTTTAO>2.0.CO;2 THARINGER D, 1977, REHABIL PSYCHOL, V24, P113 Thorsteinsson JR, 2007, AM J MENT RETARD, V112, P130, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2007)112[130:PLAOPW]2.0.CO;2 Vause T, 1999, INT J REHABIL RES, V22, P321, DOI 10.1097/00004356-199912000-00010 Vause T., 2000, J DEV DISABILITIES, V7, P37 Wacker D. P., 1983, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V8, P65 WACKER DP, 1983, REHABIL PSYCHOL, V28, P45 WACKER DP, 1981, J ASS SEVERELY HANDI, V6, P51 Ward R., 2000, J DEV DISABILITIES, V7, P142 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 1547-0350 J9 EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB JI Educ. Train. Dev. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 531ME UT WOS:000272669600011 ER PT J AU Herbrecht, E Poustka, F Birnkammer, S Duketis, E Schlitt, S Schmotzer, G Bolte, S AF Herbrecht, Evelyn Poustka, Fritz Birnkammer, Sabine Duketis, Eftichia Schlitt, Sabine Schmoetzer, Gabriele Boelte, Sven TI Pilot evaluation of the Frankfurt Social Skills Training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE group intervention; effectiveness; communication; social interaction; autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FAMILY SCALE; PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; IMPACT; COMMUNICATION; MODEL AB The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based intervention aiming at improving social and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Over a period of 11 months, N = 17 children and adolescents received treatment according to the manualised Frankfurt Social Skills Training (KONTAKT). Parent, teacher, expert and blind expert ratings were assessed to judge outcome regarding peer interaction, autistic behaviours, adaptive functioning and family burden. The participants exhibited improvements pre to follow-up treatment, particularly in the area of autistic symptomatology. Effect sizes (partial eta squared) ranged from 0.02 to 0.69. Among other things, regression models showed a positive influence of IQ and language skills on gains in social skills. Findings indicate that KONTAKT might be useful for enhancing social skills and reducing autism-related psychopathology over time in different contexts. Nevertheless, controlled trials are needed to reassure its effectiveness. C1 [Herbrecht, Evelyn] JW Goethe Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Birnkammer, Sabine] Univ Munich, Frankfurt, Germany. RP Herbrecht, E (reprint author), JW Goethe Univ, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Deutschordenstr 50, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. EM herbrecht@em.uni-frankfurt.de CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 Bauminger N, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1605, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0246-3 Bolte S., 2003, FRANKFURTER TEST TRA BOLTE S, 2005, SOZIALE KOMPETENZSKA Bolte S, 2006, DIAGNOSTISCHES INTER BOLTE S, 2005, CHECKLISTE BEURTEILU Bolte S, 2006, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V120, P211, DOI 10.1037/0735-7044.120.1.211 BOLTE S, 2005, FRAGEBOGEN ERFASSUNG BOLTE S, 2005, ELTERN KURZINTERVIEW DOPFNER M, 2000, DIAGNOSECHECKLISTE D Ehlers S, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P129, DOI 10.1023/A:1023040610384 ENDICOTT J, 1976, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V33, P766 Goldstein H, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P373, DOI 10.1023/A:1020589821992 Gresham F. M., 1990, SOCIAL SKILLS RATING Herbrecht E, 2007, Z KINDER JUG-PSYCH, V35, P33, DOI 10.1024/1422-4917.35.1.33 HERBRECHT E, 2007, KONTAKT FRANKFURTER Krasny L, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P107, DOI 10.1016/S1056-4993(02)00051-2 Lord C, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P695, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0017-6 MARRIAGE KJ, 1995, AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT, V29, P58, DOI 10.3109/00048679509075892 MESIBOV GB, 1984, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V14, P395, DOI 10.1007/BF02409830 Molenberghs G, 2004, BIOSTATISTICS, V5, P445, DOI 10.1093/biostatistics/kxh001 OZONOFF S, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P415, DOI 10.1007/BF02179376 POUSTKA F, 2008, 7 INT M AUST RES LON Raven EL, 2001, ADV INORG CHEM, V51, P1 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 Ruhl D, 2004, DIAGNOSTISCHE BEOBAC Scahill L, 2004, CNS SPECTRUMS, V9, P22 SHEEBER LB, 1992, PSYCHOL REP, V71, P155, DOI 10.2466/PR0.71.5.155-159 Smith T, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P354, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0173-3 STEIN REK, 1980, MED CARE, V18, P465, DOI 10.1097/00005650-198004000-00010 Stein REK, 2003, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V24, P9 Stone WL, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P9, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007001003 Tse J, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0343-3 WILLIAMS TI, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P143, DOI 10.1007/BF02212726 WILLIAMS W, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858 World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1018-8827 J9 EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY JI Eur. Child Adolesc. Psych. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00787-008-0734-4 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 437SS UT WOS:000265507800001 PM 19165532 ER PT J AU Azadi, B Seddigh, A Tehrani-Doost, M Alaghband-Rad, J Ashrafi, MR AF Azadi, Bahare Seddigh, Arshia Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi Alaghband-Rad, Javad Ashrafi, Mahmoud Reza TI Executive dysfunction in treated phenylketonuric patients SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE early-treated phenylketonuria; executive function; neuropsychology; serum phenylalanine ID PREFRONTAL DYSFUNCTION; FUNCTION DEFICITS; CHILDREN; BRAIN; IMPAIRMENTS; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; ATTENTION; AUTISM; CORTEX AB Executive function deficits have been described in early and continuously treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The aim of this study was to examine performance on executive function tasks of treated patients with PKU diagnosed by 2 years of age. Ten patients with PKU and normal intelligence score who were diagnosed before the age of 2 years and subsequently treated continuously, were compared with 15 typically developing control children on a battery of neuropsychological tests, including the tower of London (TOL), continuous performance test (CPT), and Stroop test. PKU cases showed significantly poorer performance on the TOL task compared to the control group with the difference being significant in the first three levels of the test. With the CPT, PKU cases had significantly more omission errors than control subjects. On the Stroop test there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. No significant correlation was found between the concurrent serum phenylalanine (Phe) level and results of the executive tests in PKU patients. This study identified executive dysfunction in early-treated PKU patients with normal IQ, particularly in the planning and attention domains. Further studies are required to compare the results with those from other neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD and autism, to establish whether the pattern of findings is specific to PKU. C1 [Azadi, Bahare] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, London SE5 8AF, England. [Azadi, Bahare; Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi] ICSS, Tehran, Iran. [Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi; Alaghband-Rad, Javad] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Roozbeh Referral Psychiat Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Tehran, Iran. [Seddigh, Arshia] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England. [Alaghband-Rad, Javad] Dalhousie Univ, IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Ashrafi, Mahmoud Reza] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Childrens Med Ctr, Tehran, Iran. RP Azadi, B (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, POB 80,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM bahare.azadi@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi/J-9596-2012 OI Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi/0000-0002-5800-2338 FU Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies (ICSS); Asma Center FX We present our heartfelt thanks to the children and parents who participated in this study. We are grateful to the Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies (ICSS) and Asma Center for supporting this research. Much appreciation is owed to Professor Adele Diamond, Professor Philip Asherson and Dr. Niloofar Salesian who offered several important suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s00787-009-0738-8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 437SS UT WOS:000265507800005 PM 19221856 ER PT J AU Campbell, DB AF Campbell, Daniel B. TI Confirmation of MET gene association with austism When linkage signal for autism MET candidate gene SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDER C1 [Campbell, Daniel B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Campbell, Daniel B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Campbell, DB (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 699 EP 700 DI 10.1038/ejhg.2008.217 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 448VC UT WOS:000266289100001 PM 19002212 ER PT J AU Sousa, I Clark, TG Toma, C Kobayashi, K Choma, M Holt, R Sykes, NH Lamb, JA Bailey, AJ Battaglia, A Maestrini, E Monaco, AP AF Sousa, Ines Clark, Taane G. Toma, Claudio Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Choma, Maja Holt, Richard Sykes, Nuala H. Lamb, Janine A. Bailey, Anthony J. Battaglia, Agatino Maestrini, Elena Monaco, Anthony P. CA IMGSAC TI MET and autism susceptibility: family and case-control studies SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; 7q31.2; nuclear families; case-control study; linkage disequilibrium ID HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; SCATTER FACTOR-RECEPTOR; C-MET; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TYROSINE KINASE; GENOMIC SCREEN; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CHROMOSOME 7Q; GENE; CELLS AB Autism is a common, severe and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. The International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC) genome screen for linkage in affected sib-pair families identified a chromosome 7q susceptibility locus (AUTS1), that has subsequently shown evidence of increased sharing in several independent multiplex samples and in two meta-analyses. Taking into account the location of the MET gene under this linkage peak, and the fact that it has recently been reported to be associated with autism, the gene was further analyzed as a promising autism candidate. The gene encodes a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). MET is best known as an oncogene, but its signalling also participates in immune function, peripheral organ development and repair, and the development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum (all of which have been observed earlier as being disregulated in individuals with autism). Here we present a family-based association analysis covering the entire MET locus. Significant results were obtained in both single locus and haplotype approaches with a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 1 (rs38845, P<0.004) and with one intronic haplotype (AAGTG, P<0.009) in 325 multiplex IMGSAC families and 10 IMGSAC trios. Although these results failed to replicate in an independent sample of 82 Italian trios, the association itself was confirmed by a case-control analysis performed using the Italian cohort (P<0.02). The previously reported positive association of rs1858830 failed to replicate in this study. Overall, our findings provide further evidence that MET may play a role in autism susceptibility. European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 749-758; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.215; published online 12 November 2008 C1 [Sousa, Ines; Clark, Taane G.; Kobayashi, Kazuhiro; Choma, Maja; Holt, Richard; Sykes, Nuala H.; Monaco, Anthony P.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Clark, Taane G.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Toma, Claudio; Maestrini, Elena] Univ Bologna, Dept Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Kobayashi, Kazuhiro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Div Clin Genet, Osaka, Japan. [Lamb, Janine A.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Integrated Genom Med Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bailey, Anthony J.] Warneford Hosp, Univ Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, England. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Pisa, Italy. RP Monaco, AP (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. EM anthony.monaco@well.ox.ac.uk RI Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Maestrini, Elena/K-7508-2012; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014; Toma, Claudio/L-7853-2014 OI Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X; Toma, Claudio/0000-0003-3901-7507 FU Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Simons Foundation; EC; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council UK FX We thank all the families who have participated in the study and the professionals who made this study possible. We thank Tom Scerri for help in statistical and bioinformatic analysis, Chris Allan for technical support, and Alistair Pagnamenta, Susana Campino and Kirsty Wing for helpful discussions and critical comments. This work was funded by the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, the Simons Foundation, the EC 6th FP AUTISM MOLGEN, and the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal). Taane Clark is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council UK. 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W., 2001, W JOHNSON TESTS COGN NR 143 TC 55 Z9 55 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1177/1088357608329827 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 542HV UT WOS:000273484600002 ER PT J AU Sulzer-Azaroff, B Hoffman, AO Horton, CB Bondy, A Frost, L AF Sulzer-Azaroff, Beth Hoffman, Anne O. Horton, Catherine B. Bondy, Andrew Frost, Lori TI The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) What Do the Data Say? SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Picture Exchange Communication System; PECS; research trends and issues ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; TRAINING-PROGRAMS; PHASE-III; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; ADULTS; PRESCHOOLERS AB Originally designed to enable young children with autism lacking functional communication to initiate requests and to describe what they observed, the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) has been the subject of an ever-expanding body of research and development. Thirty-four peer-reviewed published reports on PECS are analyzed in this article with documentation of research questions, methodology, and results. Findings suggest that PECS is providing people around the globe who have no or impaired speech with a functional means of communication. Refinements in methodology and additional questions that might be addressed in future research are discussed. C1 [Sulzer-Azaroff, Beth; Hoffman, Anne O.; Horton, Catherine B.; Bondy, Andrew; Frost, Lori] Pyramid Educ Consultants Inc, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Sulzer-Azaroff, Beth] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sulzer-Azaroff, B (reprint author), Pyramid Educ Consultants Inc, 13 Garfield Way, Newark, DE 19713 USA. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1177/1088357609332743 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 542HV UT WOS:000273484600003 ER PT J AU Thunberg, G Sandberg, AD Ahlsen, E AF Thunberg, Gunilla Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren Ahlsen, Elisabeth TI Speech-Generating Devices Used at Home by Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders A Preliminary Assessment SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; speech-generating devices; communication effectiveness ID ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR SCALES; ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTPUT; INSTRUCTION; STUDENTS; AAC AB Three children diagnosed within the autism spectrum between the ages of 5 and 7 years at different stages of communication development were supplied with speech-generating devices (SGDs) in their homes. The parents were taught to introduce the SGDs into home routines and the effects were evaluated naturalistically. Videotapes recorded by the parents before and during SGD use were coded with respect to communication effectiveness, mode, role in turn taking, and engagement in activity. Findings varied among the children and activities, but an increased level of communication effectiveness was seen during SGD use for all children. Variations of outcome among the three children and factors of importance for effective SGD use in the homes of children with autism spectrum disorders are discussed. C1 [Thunberg, Gunilla] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, DART, S-41104 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Thunberg, Gunilla; Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren; Ahlsen, Elisabeth] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Thunberg, G (reprint author), Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, DART, Kruthusgatan 17, S-41104 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1177/1088357608329228 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 542HV UT WOS:000273484600004 ER PT J AU Camarena, PM Sarigiani, PA AF Camarena, Phame M. Sarigiani, Pamela A. TI Postsecondary Educational Aspirations of High-Functioning Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Parents SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum; educational aspirations ID DISABILITIES AB Individual interviews with 21 high-functioning adolescents diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and their parents were used to assess postsecondary educational aspirations and thoughts concerning obstacles and resources that shape educational achievement of this group. 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TI Neuroligin-3-deficient mice: model of a monogenic heritable form of autism with an olfactory deficit SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Animal models; autism; behavior; gene; knockout; mouse ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; NEUROLIGINS; MUTATION; BEHAVIOR; REVEALS; MEMORY; NLGN4; LOCI; GENE; MAZE AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable clinical severity. Core symptoms are qualitatively impaired communication and social behavior, highly restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Although recent work on genetic mutations in ASD has shed light on the pathophysiology of the disease, classifying it essentially as a synaptopathy, no treatments are available to date. To develop and test novel ASD treatment approaches, validated and informative animal models are required. Of particular interest, in this context are loss-of-function mutations in the postsynaptic cell adhesion protein neuroligin-4 and point mutations in its homologue neuroligin-3 (NL-3) that were found to cause certain forms of monogenic heritable ASD in humans. Here, we show that NL-3-deficient mice display a behavioral phenotype reminiscent of the lead symptoms of ASD: reduced ultrasound vocalization and a lack of social novelty preference. The latter may be related to an olfactory deficiency observed in the NL-3 mutants. Interestingly, such olfactory phenotype is also present in a subgroup of human ASD patients. Tests for learning and memory showed no gross abnormalities in NL-3 mutants. Also, no alterations were found in time spent in social interaction, prepulse inhibition, seizure propensity and sucrose preference. As often seen in adult ASD patients, total brain volume of NL-3 mutant mice was slightly reduced as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our findings show that the NL-3 knockout mouse represents a useful animal model for understanding pathophysiological events in monogenic heritable ASD and for developing novel treatment strategies in this devastating human disorder. C1 [Radyushkin, K.; El-Kordi, A.; Ronnenberg, A.; Winter, D.; Ehrenreich, H.] Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Div Clin Neurosci, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. [Hammerschmidt, K.; Fischer, J.] German Primate Ctr, Lab Cognit Ethol, Gottingen, Germany. [Boretius, S.; Frahm, J.] Biomed NMR Forsch GmbH, Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Gottingen, Germany. [Varoqueaux, F.; Brose, N.] Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Dept Mol Neurobiol, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. RP Ehrenreich, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Div Clin Neurosci, Hermann Rein Str 3, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. EM brose@em.mpg.de; ehrenreich@em.mpg.de RI Fischer, Julia/B-6674-2008 OI Fischer, Julia/0000-0002-5807-0074 FU Max Planck Society (Munich, Germany); DFG FX This study was supported by the Max Planck Society (Munich, Germany) and the DFG Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (Bonn, Germany). The staff of the Transgenic Animal Facility at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine is gratefully acknowledged for excellent technical assistance. 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Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) tests are important to identify neurotoxic agents and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders. We have investigated DNT, focusing on the fetal brain shortly after chemical exposure. To demonstrate a usefulness of a study focusing on the fetal brain in DNT tests, we assessed the fetal brain in a rat valproate-induced autism model. Rats were treated with sodium valproate (VPA, 800 mg/kg) orally on gestational day (GD) 9 or 11 (VPA9 or VPA11), and the fetal brains were examined on GD16 using immunohistochemistry for serotonin (5-HT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and TuJ1 (neuron specific class HI P-tubulin). Hypoplasia of the cortical plate was induced in both VPA9 and VPA11 groups. Abnormal migration of TH-positive and 5-HT neurons, possibly due to the appearance of an abnormally running nerve tract in the pons, was observed only in the VPA11 group. 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EM chenglu@seu.edu.cn; geqinyu@seu.edu.cn; xiaopf@seu.edu.cn; sunbl@seu.edu.cn; ke_xiaoyan@yahoo.com.cn; whitecf@seu.edu.cn; zhlu@seu.edu.cn RI Ge, Qinyu/B-5055-2012; Lu, Zuhong/A-5448-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30570655, 90206015, 60671017, 60701008]; The Key Program of Medical Development of Nanjing [zkx06025] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570655, 90206015, 60671017 and 60701008) and The Key Program of Medical Development of Nanjing (No. zkx06025). 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 613 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00150.x PG 19 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 459SK UT WOS:000267129300012 PM 19580600 ER PT J AU Mulligan, A Richardson, T Anney, RJL Gill, M AF Mulligan, A. Richardson, T. Anney, R. J. L. Gill, M. TI The Social Communication Questionnaire in a sample of the general population of school-going children SO IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pervasive developmental disorder; Social Communication Questionnaire; General population; Dimensions of autism; Autism ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTISM; INDIVIDUALS; INTERVIEW AB The social communication questionnaire (SCQ) for autistic spectrum disorder was previously validated in clinical populations. To describe the distribution of SCQ-scores in the general child population, and identify if traits from all domains of autism are present. The SCQ was completed by parents of children attending a mixed-gender primary school of 240 children. Total SCQ scores ranged from 1 to 20, with a mode 1 and corrected mean of 3.89, SD = 2.77. SCQ items corresponding to all three domains of autism were found in the sample. Some items on the SCQ were answered as "autism-positive" for up to 41.8% of children in the general population sample. The SCQ has a wide range in the general population, with traits from all three domains of autism. Some items in the SCQ do not discriminate children with autism from other school-going children. C1 [Mulligan, A.; Richardson, T.; Anney, R. J. L.; Gill, M.] St James Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Dublin 8, Ireland. [Mulligan, A.] Mater Misericordiae Univ Hosp, Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Med & Med Sci, Dublin 7, Ireland. RP Mulligan, A (reprint author), St James Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Trinity Ctr Hlth Sci, Dublin 8, Ireland. EM mulliga@tcd.ie; thrichar@tcd.ie; anneyr@tcd.ie; mgill@tcd.ie FU International Multicentre ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE); NIH [R01MH62873] FX We would like to thank all the parents who completed the SCQ questionnaires, and the teachers who helped to co-ordinate the return of questionnaires. We would also like to thank Myra O'Regan, statistician for her invaluable advice on statistical analysis. We would like to acknowledge the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE), a multisite international effort supported by NIH Grant R01MH62873 to SV Faraone, which assisted in the electronic storage of the data. 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Med. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 178 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11845-008-0184-5 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456DR UT WOS:000266820800012 PM 18651205 ER PT J AU Krahn, T Fenton, A AF Krahn, Timothy Fenton, Andrew TI Autism, Empathy and Questions of Moral Agency SO JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Review DE Autism; empathy; moral agency; moral behaviour; moral psychology; cognitive; affective empathy ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM CONDITIONS; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; NORMAL-CHILDREN; ADULTS; EMOTIONS AB In moral psychology, it has long been argued that empathy is a necessary capacity of both properly developing moral agents and developed moral agency (Blair, 2008; Hume et al., 1978). This view stands in tension with the belief that some individuals diagnosed with autism-which is typically characterized as a deficiency in social reciprocity (including empathy)-are moral agents. In this paper we propose to explore this tension and perhaps trouble how we commonly see those with autism. To make this task manageable, we will consider whether high functioning individuals diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder are capable of empathetic responses. If they are, then they possess a capacity that, on the view above, is required for moral agency. If they are not so capable, and yet sometimes engage in moral behaviour, this casts some doubt on the claim that empathy is required for moral agency. This second possibility will necessitate an exploration of the capacity of some individuals with autism to engage in moral behaviour, giving us further grounds to re-see these individuals as moral agents. 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Self-control training exposed participants to a procedure during which they chose between a smaller immediate reinforcer and a progressively increasing delayed reinforcer whose values varied and were determined by a die roll. The participants chose whether they or the experimenter rolled the die. All participants initially demonstrated low baseline durations of the physical therapy task, chose the smaller immediate reinforcer during the choice baseline, and changed their preference to the larger delayed reinforcer during self-control training. C1 [Dixon, Mark R.] So Illinois Univ, Inst Rehabil, Behav Anal & Therapy Program, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Dixon, MR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Inst Rehabil, Behav Anal & Therapy Program, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. 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Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-243 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000004 PM 19949512 ER PT J AU Murphy, C Barnes-Holmes, D AF Murphy, Carol Barnes-Holmes, Dermot TI DERIVED MORE-LESS RELATIONAL MANDS IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; children; derived mands; language; more-less relations ID SKINNERS VERBAL-BEHAVIOR; BASE-LINE RELATIONS; STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE; FRAME-THEORY; CONTINGENCIES; REVERSAL; TASKS AB In Experiment 1, more and less relations were trained for arbitrary Stimuli A1 and A2 with 3 children with autism. The following conditional discriminations were then trained: A1-B1, A2-B2, B1-C1, B2-C2. In subsequent tests, participants showed derived more-less mands (mand with C1 for more and mand with C2 for less). A training procedure reversed the B-C conditional discriminations, and participants then showed derived reversed more-less mands (mand with C1 for less, C2 for more). Baseline B-C relations were retrained, and participants subsequently demonstrated a return to the original derived manding. A second experiment with 1 prior participant and 1 naive participant removed a possible confounding effect. Establishing derived manding may be an advantageous component when teaching a mand repertoire in applied settings. RP Murphy, C (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Maynooth, Dept Psychol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. EM Carol.A.Murphy@nuim.ie CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Barnes-Holmes D, 2000, BEHAV ANALYST, V23, P69 Bijou S. W., 1965, CHILD DEV BIRNBRAUER JS, 1993, BEHAV CHANGE, V10, P62 Braam S J, 1991, Anal Verbal Behav, V9, P19 Greer R. D., 1996, PRESCHOOL INVENTORY GREER RD, 2003, INT CURRICULUM INVEN Hall G, 1987, Anal Verbal Behav, V5, P41 HAYES SC, 2001, RELATIONAL FRAME THE Hernandez E, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.96-05 LAMARRE J, 1985, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V43, P5, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1985.43-5 Lerman DC, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P303, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.106-04 LOVAAS OI, 1987, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V55, P3, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Michael J, 1988, Anal Verbal Behav, V6, P3 Murphy C, 2005, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V38, P445, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2005.97-04 Nuzzolo-Gomez Robin, 2004, Anal Verbal Behav, V20, P63 Petursdottir Anna Ingeborg, 2005, Anal Verbal Behav, V21, P59 PILGRIM C, 1995, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V63, P239, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1995.63-239 PILGRIM C, 1995, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V63, P225, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1995.63-225 PILGRIM C, 1990, J EXP ANAL BEHAV, V54, P213, DOI 10.1901/jeab.1990.54-213 SIGAFOOS J, 1990, RES DEV DISABIL, V11, P165, DOI 10.1016/0891-4222(90)90033-5 Smeets PM, 2000, PSYCHOL REC, V50, P721 Smeets PM, 2000, PSYCHOL REC, V50, P339 SMEETS PM, 1994, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-B, V47, P39 Sundberg M. L., 1998, ASSESSMENT BASIC LAN Sundberg M L, 1990, Anal Verbal Behav, V8, P83 Sundberg ML, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P698, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255003 SUNDBERG ML, 2004, DEV DISABILITIES ETI, P1 Twyman J., 1996, ANAL VERBAL BEHAV, V13, P1 WAHLBERG T, 2001, AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DI, V14 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 253 EP 268 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-253 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000005 PM 19949513 ER PT J AU Waters, MB Lerman, DC Hovanetz, AN AF Waters, Melissa B. Lerman, Dorothea C. Hovanetz, Alyson N. TI SEPARATE AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF VISUAL SCHEDULES AND EXTINCTION PLUS DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT ON PROBLEM BEHAVIOR OCCASIONED BY TRANSITIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; differential reinforcement; extinction; problem behavior; transitions; visual schedules ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN AB The separate and combined effects of visual schedules and extinction plus differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) were evaluated to decrease transition-related problem behavior of 2 children diagnosed with autism. Visual schedules alone were ineffective in reducing problem behavior when transitioning from preferred to nonpreferred activities. Problem behavior decreased for both participants when extinction and DRO were introduced, regardless of whether visual schedules were also used. C1 [Waters, Melissa B.; Lerman, Dorothea C.; Hovanetz, Alyson N.] Univ Houston, Clear Lake, CA USA. RP Lerman, DC (reprint author), 2700 Bay Area Blvd,Campus Box 245, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM lerman@uhcl.edu CR DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Dettmer S., 2000, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V15, P163, DOI DOI 10.1177/108835760001500307 Grow LL, 2008, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V41, P15, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-15 Hodgdon L. Q., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P265 Lerman DC, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-1 McCord BE, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P195, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-195 SAINATO DM, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P285, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-285 TUSTIN RD, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-91 Wilder DA, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.144-05 Wilder DA, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P103, DOI 10.1901/jaba/2006.66-04 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-309 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000009 PM 19949517 ER PT J AU Karsten, AM Carr, JE AF Karsten, Amanda M. Carr, James E. TI THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF UNPROMPTED RESPONDING ON THE SKILL ACQUISITION OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; differential reinforcement; skill acquisition ID PREFERENCE AB The recommendation to reserve the most potent reinforcers for unprompted responses during acquisition programming has little published empirical support for its purported benefits (e.g., rapid acquisition, decreased errors, and decreased prompt dependence). The purpose of the current investigation was to compare the delivery of high-quality reinforcers; exclusively following unprompted responses (differential reinforcement) with the delivery of high-quality reinforcers following both prompted and unprompted responses (nondifferential reinforcement) on the skill acquisition of 2 children with autism. Results indicated that both were effective teaching procedures, although the differential reinforcement procedure was more reliable in producing skill acquisition. These preliminary findings suggest that the differential reinforcement of unprompted responses may be the most appropriate default approach to teaching children with autism. C1 [Karsten, Amanda M.; Carr, James E.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Carr, JE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Psychol, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM carr@auburn.edu CR Anderson S. R., 1996, BEHAV INTERVENTION Y, P181 Carr JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P353, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-353 Glover AC, 2008, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V41, P163, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-163 IWATA BA, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P361, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-361 LOVAAS IO, 1967, BEHAV RES THER, V4, P171 MacDuff G. S., 2001, MAKING DIFFERENCE BE, P37 OLENICK DL, 1980, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V13, P77, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-77 Roane HS, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P145, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-145 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Sundberg M. L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH TOUCHETTE PE, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-175 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-327 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000012 PM 19949520 ER PT J AU Marcus, A Wilder, DA AF Marcus, Alonna Wilder, David A. TI A COMPARISON OF PEER VIDEO MODELING AND SELF VIDEO MODELING TO TEACH TEXTUAL RESPONSES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; skill acquisition; textual responses; video modeling ID IMITATION; SKILLS AB Peer video modeling was compared to self video modeling to teach 3 children with autism to respond appropriately to (i.e., identify or label) novel letters. A combination multiple baseline and multielement design was used to compare the two procedures. Results showed that all 3 participants met the mastery criterion in the self-modeling condition, whereas only I of the participants met the mastery criterion in the peer-modeling condition. In addition, the participant who met the mastery criterion in both conditions reached the criterion more quickly in the self-modeling condition. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for teaching new skills to children with autism. C1 [Wilder, David A.] Florida Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Wilder, DA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM dawilder@fit.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BANDURA A, 1961, J ABNORM SOC PSYCH, V63, P575, DOI 10.1037/h0045925 Buggey T., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P52, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576050200010501 CHARLOPCHRISTY M, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V20, P537 D'Ateno P, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P5, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010801 DeQuinzio JA, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P755, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.755-759 HARING TG, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-89 Sherer M, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P140, DOI 10.1177/0145445501251008 Wert BY, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P30, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010501 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 27 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-335 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000013 PM 19949521 ER PT J AU Kuhn, DE Hardesty, SL Sweeney, NM AF Kuhn, David E. Hardesty, Samantha L. Sweeney, Nicole M. TI ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF EXCESSIVE STRAIGHTENING AND DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN AN ADOLESCENT DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Behavior-Analysis CY MAY, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Assoc Behav Anal DE autism; functional communication; precurrent behavior; straightening ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DISABILITIES; BLOCKING AB Repetitive behaviors such as excessive straightening are commonly observed among individuals with autism. Attempts to prevent these behaviors may increase the likelihood of other problem behaviors. The present study was designed to assess and treat the excessive straightening and associated destructive behaviors of a 16-year-old boy who had been diagnosed with autism and moderate mental retardation. Following a series of functional analyses, an intervention that incorporated functional communication, extinction of destructive behavior, and blocking of repetitive straightening was demonstrated to be effective in reducing straightening and destructive behavior. C1 [Kuhn, David E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kuhn, DE (reprint author), Westchester Inst Human Dev, 305 Cedarwood Hall, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. EM dkuhn@wihd.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Fisher WW, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V31, P339, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-339 FISHER WW, 2000, EXPT APPL ANAL HUMAN, P213 FOA EB, 1984, BEHAV THER, V15, P450, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80049-0 Hagopian LP, 2001, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V34, P527, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-527 Hagopian LP, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P89, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.63-05 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 Klinger Laura Grofer, 1996, P311 Murphy GP, 2000, PROSTATE, V43, P59, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(20000401)43:1<59::AID-PROS8>3.0.CO;2-D NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-355 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000016 PM 19949524 ER PT J AU Rhine, D Tarbox, J AF Rhine, Denise Tarbox, Jonathan TI CHEWING GUM AS A TREATMENT FOR RUMINATION IN A CHILD WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; chewing gum; rumination ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR AB Rumination involves regurgitation of previously ingested food, rechewing the food, and reswallowing it. In the current study, a child with autism displayed chronic rumination, resulting in the decay and subsequent removal of several teeth. After several treatments failed, including thickened liquids and starch satiation, the participant was taught to chew gum. His rumination decreased significantly when gum was made available. Results suggest that access to chewing gum may be an effective treatment for rumination in some individuals. C1 [Rhine, Denise; Tarbox, Jonathan] Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. RP Tarbox, J (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, 19019 Ventura Blvd,3rd Floor, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. EM j.tarbox@centerforautism.com CR Chial HJ, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P158, DOI 10.1542/peds.111.1.158 DUNN J, 1997, BEHAV INTERVENT, V12, P163, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(199710)12:4<163::AID-BRT175>3.0.CO;2-X Hanley GP, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 Lindberg JS, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P1, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-1 Lyons EA, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P743, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.743-747 PIAZZA CC, 1998, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P121 RAST J, 1981, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V14, P121, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-121 REPP AC, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P109, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-109 SAJWAJ T, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P557, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-557 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-381 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000020 PM 19949528 ER PT J AU Catania, CN Almeida, D Liu-Constant, B Reed, FDD AF Catania, Cynthia N. Almeida, Daniel Liu-Constant, Brian Reed, Florence D. Digennaro TI VIDEO MODELING TO TRAIN STAFF TO IMPLEMENT DISCRETE-TRIAL INSTRUCTION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE discrete-trial instruction; staff training; teacher training; video modeling ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; SKILLS AB Three new direct-service staff participated in a program that used a video model to train target skills needed to conduct a discrete-trial session. Percentage accuracy in completing a discrete-trial teaching session was evaluated using a multiple baseline design across participants. During baseline, performances ranged from a mean of 12% to 63% accuracy. During video modeling, there was an immediate increase in accuracy to a mean of 98%, 85%, and 94% for each participant. Performance during maintenance and generalization probes remained at high levels. Results suggest that video modeling can be an effective technique to train staff to conduct discrete-trial sessions. C1 [Catania, Cynthia N.; Liu-Constant, Brian; Reed, Florence D. Digennaro] Melmark New England, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Almeida, Daniel] Newton Publ Sch, Newton, MA USA. RP Reed, FDD (reprint author), Melmark New England, 461 River Rd, Andover, MA 01810 USA. EM fdigennaro@melmarkne.org CR Eikeseth S, 2002, BEHAV MODIF, V26, P49, DOI 10.1177/0145445502026001004 Leblanc M., 2005, EDUC TREAT CHILD, V28, P76 Moore JW, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.24-06 MORGAN RL, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P365, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-365 NEEF NA, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P473, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-473 Reeve SA, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P123, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.11-05 Sarokoff RA, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P535, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535 NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-387 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000021 PM 19949529 ER PT J AU Lang, R O'Reilly, M Lancioni, G Rispoli, M Machalicek, W Chan, JM Langthorne, P Franco, J AF Lang, Russell O'Reilly, Mark Lancioni, Giulio Rispoli, Mandy Machalicek, Wendy Chan, Jeffrey M. Langthorne, Paul Franco, Jesse TI DISCREPANCY IN FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS RESULTS ACROSS TWO SETTINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION DESIGN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE assessment; autism; criterion settings; functional analysis; intervention design ID NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR AB Functional analyses that were conducted in two settings (playground and classroom) indicated that problem behavior was sensitive to adult attention on the playground and tangible items in the classroom. Attention- and tangible-based interventions were designed based on the results from each of the assessment environments and were compared. The attention-based intervention was more effective on the playground, and the tangible-based intervention was more effective in the classroom. Findings are discussed in regards to the generality of functional analysis results across environments. C1 [Lang, Russell] Univ Texas Austin, Coll Educ, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Langthorne, Paul] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. RP Lang, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Coll Educ, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM russlang@mail.utexas.edu CR HAGOPIAN LP, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P317, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-317 Hagopian LP, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P433, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-433 Hanley GP, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 Lang R, 2008, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V41, P441, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-441 Ringdahl JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P247, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-247 Thompson RH, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P333, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.56-06 Tucker M, 1998, BEHAV MODIF, V22, P529, DOI 10.1177/01454455980224005 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-393 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000022 PM 19949530 ER PT J AU Gregory, MK DeLeon, IG Richman, DM AF Gregory, Meagan K. DeLeon, Iser G. Richman, David M. TI THE INFLUENCE OF MATCHING AND MOTOR-IMITATION ABILITIES ON RAPID ACQUISITION OF MANUAL SIGNS AND EXCHANGE-BASED COMMUNICATIVE RESPONSES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE alternative and augmentative communication; autism; matching to sample; motor imitation ID DISABILITIES; SYSTEM AB Establishing a relation between existing skills and acquisition of communicative responses may be useful in guiding selection of alternative communication systems. Matching and motor-imitation skills were assessed for 6 children with developmental disabilities, followed by training to request the same set of preferred items using exchange-based communication and manual signs. Three participants displayed both skills and rapidly acquired both communicative response forms. Three others displayed neither skill; I mastered exchange-based responses but not manual signs, and neither of the other 2 easily acquired either response form. C1 [DeLeon, Iser G.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gregory, Meagan K.; Richman, David M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [DeLeon, Iser G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP DeLeon, IG (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Neurobehav Unit, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM deleon@kennedykrieger.org CR Adkins T., 2001, BEHAV ANAL TODAY, V2, P259 Bondy A, 2004, BEHAV ANALYST, V27, P247 Chambers M, 2003, RES DEV DISABIL, V24, P265, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(03)00042-8 FISHER W, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P491, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491 Gutierrez A, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P645, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.645-658 Lerman DC, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P11, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-11 MIRENDA P, 1987, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V3, P143, DOI 10.1080/07434618712331274429 Sigafoos J, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P71, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.002 Tincani M., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P152, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190030301 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 42 IS 2 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-399 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 460YJ UT WOS:000267229000023 PM 19949531 ER PT J AU Kanne, SM Christ, SE Reiersen, AM AF Kanne, Stephen M. Christ, Shawn E. Reiersen, Angela M. TI Psychiatric Symptoms and Psychosocial Difficulties in Young Adults with Autistic Traits SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Pervasive developmental disorder; SRS; BASC-2; Psychiatric symptoms ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; ADHD; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; SIBLINGS; SCALE; TWIN AB A screening version of the social responsiveness scale (SRS) was administered to 1,847 university students to identify a subgroup reporting significantly greater autism traits relative to their peers (High SRS group). A group reporting minimal autism traits was also identified (Low SRS group) matched for age, gender, and attentional difficulties. We administered the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2nd edition (BASC-2), a comprehensive questionnaire designed to assess psychiatric symptoms and personality characteristics, to both groups. The high SRS group reported significantly more difficulties across the majority of areas, including depression/anxiety, interpersonal relationships, and personal adjustment. Thus, young adults reporting a greater degree of autistic traits also reported greater psychiatric difficulties across a wide psychosocial range. C1 [Kanne, Stephen M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Psychol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Kanne, Stephen M.] Univ Missouri, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorder, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Christ, Shawn E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Reiersen, Angela M.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Kanne, SM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Psychol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM kannest@health.missouri.edu CR Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Bryson S. 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R., 2000, BEHAV ASSESSMENT SYS Tantam D., 2000, AUTISM INT J RES PRA, V4, P47, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001004 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED WING L, 1981, PSYCHOL MED, V11, P115 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s10803-008-0688-x PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900001 PM 19132522 ER PT J AU Keary, CJ Minshew, NJ Bansal, R Goradia, D Fedorov, S Keshavan, MS Hardan, AY AF Keary, Christopher J. Minshew, Nancy J. Bansal, Rahul Goradia, Dhruman Fedorov, Serguei Keshavan, Matcheri S. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Corpus Callosum Volume and Neurocognition in Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Corpus callosum; Volume; MRI; Connectivity; Neuropsychological tests ID WHITE-MATTER; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SIZE; INDIVIDUALS; MRI; UNDERCONNECTIVITY; DISORDERS; DEFICITS AB The corpus callosum has recently been considered as an index of interhemispheric connectivity. This study applied a novel volumetric method to examine the size of the corpus callosum in 32 individuals with autism and 34 age-, gender- and IQ-matched controls and to investigate the relationship between this structure and cognitive measures linked to interhemispheric functioning. Participants with autism displayed reductions in total corpus callosum volume and in several of its subdivisions. Relationships were also observed between volumetric alterations and performance on several cognitive tests including the Tower of Hanoi test. These findings provide further evidence for anatomical alterations in the corpus callosum in autism, but warrant additional studies examining the relationship of this structure and specific measures of interhemispheric connectivity. C1 [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel & Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA USA. [Bansal, Rahul; Goradia, Dhruman; Fedorov, Serguei] Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychiat, Detroit, MI USA. [Keary, Christopher J.; Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Hardan, AY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 834 EP 841 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0689-4 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900002 PM 19165587 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CB Henderson, HA Inge, AP Zahka, NE Coman, DC Kojkowski, NM Hileman, CM Mundy, PC AF Schwartz, Caley B. Henderson, Heather A. Inge, Anne P. Zahka, Nicole E. Coman, Drew C. Kojkowski, Nicole M. Hileman, Camilla M. Mundy, Peter C. TI Temperament as a Predictor of Symptomotology and Adaptive Functioning in Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-functioning autism; Temperament; Symptomology; Social emotional functioning; Social skills ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE; EXTERNALIZING PROBLEMS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DOWN-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; EMOTIONALITY AB Variation in temperament is characteristic of all people but is rarely studied as a predictor of individual differences among individuals with autism. Relative to a matched comparison sample, adolescents with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) reported lower levels of Surgency and higher levels of Negative Affectivity. Variability in temperament predicted symptomotology, social skills, and social-emotional outcomes differently for individuals with HFA than for the comparison sample. This study is unique in that temperament was measured by self-report, while all outcome measures were reported by parents. The broader implications of this study suggest that by identifying individual variability in constructs, such as temperament, that may influence adaptive functioning, interventions may be developed to target these constructs and increase the likelihood that individuals with HFA will achieve more adaptive life outcomes. C1 [Schwartz, Caley B.; Henderson, Heather A.; Inge, Anne P.; Zahka, Nicole E.; Coman, Drew C.; Kojkowski, Nicole M.; Hileman, Camilla M.; Mundy, Peter C.] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Henderson, HA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 842 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0690-y PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900003 PM 19165586 ER PT J AU Kanne, SM Abbacchi, AM Constantino, JN AF Kanne, Stephen M. Abbacchi, Anna M. Constantino, John N. TI Multi-informant Ratings of Psychiatric Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Importance of Environmental Context SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Pervasive developmental disorder; Prevalence; CBCL; Parent; Teacher ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECIPROCAL SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PDD; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; POPULATION; IMPAIRMENT; SAMPLES AB The present study examines co-occurring psychiatric syndromes in a well-characterized sample of youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n = 177) and their siblings (n = 148), reported independently by parents and teachers. In ASD, parents reported substantial comorbidity with affective (26%), anxiety (25%), attentional (25%), conduct (16%), oppositional (15%), and somatic problems (6%). Teachers reported a much lower prevalence. Autistic severity scores for children with ASD exhibited moderate correlations with general psychopathology within- but not across-informants, whereas, sibling correlations were significant both within- and across-informants. Results support the role of environmental context in psychiatric symptom expression in children affected by autism and suggest that informant discrepancies may more provide critical cues for these children via specific environmental modifications. C1 [Kanne, Stephen M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Psychol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kanne, Stephen M.] Univ Missouri, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorder, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Abbacchi, Anna M.; Constantino, John N.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Pediat, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. 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Happe, Francesca TI What Did I Say? Versus What Did I Think? Attributing False Beliefs to Self Amongst Children With and Without Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Theory of mind; False belief; Unexpected contents task; Self-awareness ID TASK-PERFORMANCE; MIND; KNOWLEDGE AB The task used most widely to assess recognition of false belief in self and others is the 'Smarties' unexpected contents task. Amongst individuals with and without autism, the Self and Other-person test questions of this task are of an equivalent level of difficulty. However, a potential confound with this task may allow the Self test question to be passed without false belief competence. Three groups of participants (with autism, developmental disability and typical development) undertook a new unexpected contents task which did not suffer from this confound. The main finding was that participants with autism performed significantly less well on the Self test question than the Other-person test question on this new task. Individuals with autism may have greater difficulty representing their own beliefs than the beliefs of other people. C1 [Williams, David M.] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. [Williams, David M.; Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Williams, DM (reprint author), UCL, Inst Child Hlth, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. EM d.williams@ich.ucl.ac.uk RI Williams, David/F-6954-2010; Williams, David/A-1214-2010; Williams, David/E-7827-2011; Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Williams, David/B-9804-2013 CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 2000, DIAGN STAT MEN TEST BARONCOHEN S, 1992, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V33, P1141, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00934.x BARONCOHEN S, 1991, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V14, P33 BARTSCH K, 1989, CHILD DEV, V60, P946, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03526.x Bloom P, 2000, COGNITION, V77, P25 Charman T, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P33, DOI 10.1023/A:1026058802381 David N, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P593, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0425-x Dunn L. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 865 EP 873 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0695-6 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900005 PM 19205861 ER PT J AU Panerai, S Zingale, M Trubia, G Finocchiaro, M Zuccarello, R Ferri, R Elia, M AF Panerai, Simonetta Zingale, Marinella Trubia, Grazia Finocchiaro, Maria Zuccarello, Rosa Ferri, Raffaele Elia, Maurizio TI Special Education Versus Inclusive Education: The Role of the TEACCH Program SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Parent-training; Individualized educational program; Inclusion ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; AUTISM; HOME AB Our study aimed at comparing, over a period of 3 years, the effectiveness of three different educational approaches addressed to children with autism and severe mental retardation. The first one was a treatment and education of autistic and related communication handicapped children (TEACCH) program implemented in a residential center; the second was a TEACCH program implemented at home and at mainstream schools, after a specific parent psychoeducational training; the third approach referred to inclusive education in mainstream schools, in which a nonspecific approach was implemented. Each subject was assessed twice, using the Psycho-Educational Profile-Revised (PEP-R) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS)-survey form. Effectiveness of TEACCH appeared to be confirmed, showing positive outcomes in the natural setting, and revealing its inclusive value. C1 [Panerai, Simonetta; Zingale, Marinella; Trubia, Grazia; Finocchiaro, Maria; Zuccarello, Rosa; Ferri, Raffaele; Elia, Maurizio] IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, I-94018 Troina, EN, Italy. RP Panerai, S (reprint author), IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, I-94018 Troina, EN, Italy. EM spanerai@oasi.en.it RI Ferri, Raffaele/B-5439-2013 CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Benson P, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P47, DOI 10.1177/1362361307085269 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 CECCHINI M, 1989, SINDROME DOWN DUNLAP G, 1990, PERSPECTIVES USE NON Howlin P, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P307, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002138 Hume K, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1166, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0260-5 Ijichi N, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P526, DOI 10.1177/136236130601000509 Koegel RL, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P347, DOI 10.1007/BF02172479 McConachie H, 2007, J EVAL CLIN PRACT, V13, P120, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x Mesibov GB, 2003, ACCESSING CURRICULUM Minshew NJ, 2007, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V64, P945, DOI 10.1001/archneur.64.7.945 Moes DR, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P519, DOI 10.1023/A:1021298729297 *NAT RES COUNC, 2001, DIV BEH SOC SCI ED Norgate R., 1998, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V14, P176, DOI 10.1080/0266736980140304 Ozonoff S, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P25, DOI 10.1023/A:1026006818310 Panerai S, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P345 Panerai S, 2002, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V46, P318, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00388.x PANERAI S, 1999, CICLO EVOLUTIVO DISA, V2, P269 Panerai S, 1998, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V33, P367 PROBST P, 2008, J AUTISM DE IN PRESS Reeve C. 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Randolph, Jena K. Kay, Denise Gage, Nicholas TI The Use of Structural Analysis to Develop Antecedent-based Interventions for Students with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Structural analysis; Antecedent-based intervention ID CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; TASK-ENGAGEMENT; YOUNG-CHILD; CLASSROOM; OUTCOMES; AGGRESSION; STRATEGIES; DISORDERS AB Evidence continues to maintain that the use of antecedent variables (i.e., instructional practices, and environmental characteristics) increase prosocial and adaptive behaviors of students with disabilities (e.g., Kern et al. in J Appl Behav Anal 27(1):7-19, 1994; Stichter et al. in Behav Disord 30:401-418, 2005). This study extends the literature by systematically utilizing practitioner-implemented structural analyzes within school settings to determine antecedent variables affecting the prosocial behavior of students with autism. Optimal antecedents were combined into intervention packages and assessed utilizing a multiple baseline design across settings. All three students demonstrated improvement across all three settings. Rates of engagement and social interaction were obtained from classroom peers to serve as benchmark data. Findings indicate that practitioners can implement structural analyzes and design corresponding interventions for students with ASD within educational settings. C1 [Stichter, Janine P.; Randolph, Jena K.; Gage, Nicholas] Univ Missouri, Dept Special Educ, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stichter, Janine P.] Univ Missouri, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorder, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kay, Denise] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Educ Studies, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Stichter, JP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Special Educ, 303 Townsend Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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TI Comparative Analysis of Three Screening Instruments for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers at High Risk SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Screening instruments; Item analyses; Early detection; High-risk population ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; CHECKLIST; IDENTIFICATION; AGREEMENT; CHAT AB Several instruments have been developed to screen for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in high-risk populations. However, few studies compare different instruments in one sample. Data were gathered from the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile, Infant-Toddler Checklist and key items of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in 238 children (mean age = 29.6 months, SD = 6.4) at risk for ASD. Discriminative properties are compared in the whole sample and in two age groups separately (8-24 months and 25-44 months). No instrument or individual item shows satisfying power in discriminating ASD from non-ASD, but pros and cons of instruments and items are discussed and directions for future research are proposed. C1 [Oosterling, Iris J.; Swinkels, Sophie H.; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan; Visser, Janne C.; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Swinkels, Sophie H.; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Dietz, Claudine] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Buitelaar, Jan K.] Nijmegen Ctr Evidence Based Practice NCEBP, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Oosterling, IJ (reprint author), Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Reinier Postlaan 12, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM i.oosterling@karakter.com RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; CR ALLEN CW, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1272, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10803-006-0279-7 Baron-Cohen S., 2006, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION, P63 BARONCOHEN S, 1992, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839, DOI 10.1192/bjp.161.6.839 Baron-Cohen S, 2000, J ROY SOC MED, V93, P521 Berument SK, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V175, P444, DOI 10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 Biringen Z, 2000, Attach Hum Dev, V2, P251 Bryson SE, 2003, CAN J PSYCHIAT, V48, P506 Charman T, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P289, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00022 Cicchetti DV, 1995, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V1, P26, DOI 10.1080/09297049508401340 Corsello C, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P932, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01762.x Cox A, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P719, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00488 Dietz C, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P713, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0114-1 Eaves LC, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS95, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00007 Eaves LC, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361306063288 Filipek PA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P468 Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 LECOUTEUR A, 2003, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC IN LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Lord C, 1995, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V36, P1365, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01669.x Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Robins DL, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1010738829569 Rutter M., 2003, SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Scambler D, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P1457, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200112000-00017 Schlichting J. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 897 EP 909 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0692-9 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900008 PM 19205862 ER PT J AU Bowler, DM Limoges, E Mottron, L AF Bowler, Dermot M. Limoges, Elyse Mottron, Laurent TI Different Verbal Learning Strategies in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-functioning ASD; Verbal learning; Free recall; Serial position effects; Memory ID ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; FREE-RECALL; MEMORY; CHILDREN; ADULTS; INFORMATION; DYSFUNCTION; ADOLESCENTS; DEFICITS; TASKS AB The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which requires the free recall of the same list of 15 unrelated words over 5 trials, was administered to 21 high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 21 matched typical individuals. The groups showed similar overall levels of free recall, rates of learning over trials and subjective organisation of their recall. However, the primacy portion of the serial position curve of the ASD participants showed slower growth over trials than that of the typical participants. The implications of this finding for our understanding of memory in ASD are discussed. C1 [Bowler, Dermot M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, London EC1V 0HB, England. [Limoges, Elyse; Mottron, Laurent] Hop Riviere Prairies, Clin Specialisee TED, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Bowler, DM (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Autism Res Grp, Northampton Sq, London EC1V 0HB, England. EM d.m.bowler@city.ac.uk CR Atkinson R., 1968, PSYCHOL LEARN MOTIV, V2, P89, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60422-3 BJORK RA, 1974, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V6, P173, DOI 10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7 BOUCHER J, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V67, P73 Bowler D. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 910 EP 915 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0697-4 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900009 PM 19205859 ER PT J AU O'Hare, AE Bremner, L Nash, M Happe, F Pettigrew, LM AF O'Hare, Anne E. Bremner, Lynne Nash, Marysia Happe, Francesca Pettigrew, Luisa M. TI A Clinical Assessment Tool for Advanced Theory of Mind Performance in 5 to 12 Year Olds SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Advanced theory of mind; Typical development; Autism spectrum disorders ID AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; CHILDREN; STORIES; PREVALENCE AB One hundred forty typically developing 5- to 12-year-old children were assessed with a test of advanced theory of mind employing Happ,'s strange stories. There was no significant difference in performance between boys and girls. The stories discriminated performance across the different ages with the lowest performance being in the younger children who nevertheless managed to achieve a third of their potential total. However, some of the individual mentalising concepts such as persuasion were too difficult for these younger children. This normative data provides a useful clinical tool to measure mentalising ability in more able children with autism spectrum disorder. C1 [O'Hare, Anne E.; Pettigrew, Luisa M.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Child Life & Hlth, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bremner, Lynne; Nash, Marysia] Royal Hosp Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP O'Hare, AE (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Child Life & Hlth, 20 Sylvan Pl, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM aohare@ed.ac.uk RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 CR Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 BARONCOHEN S, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P285, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x BARONCOHEN S, 1999, MIND BLINDNESS ESSAY Brent E, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P283, DOI 10.1177/1362361304045217 Burgess A. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 916 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0699-2 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900010 PM 19205858 ER PT J AU Lind, SE Bowler, DM AF Lind, Sophie E. Bowler, Dermot M. TI Language and Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Relationship Between Complement Syntax and False Belief Task Performance SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Complement syntax; False belief; Language; Theory of mind ID REPRESENTATION; METAANALYSIS; COGNITION; ABILITY AB This study aimed to test the hypothesis that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use their knowledge of complement syntax as a means of "hacking out" solutions to false belief tasks, despite lacking a representational theory of mind (ToM). Participants completed a "memory for complements" task, a measure of receptive vocabulary, and traditional location change and unexpected contents false belief tasks. Consistent with predictions, the correlation between complement syntax score and location change task performance was significantly stronger within the ASD group than within the comparison group. However, contrary to predictions, complement syntax score was not significantly correlated with unexpected contents task performance within either group. Possible explanations for this pattern of results are considered. C1 [Lind, Sophie E.; Bowler, Dermot M.] City Univ London, Dept Psychol, London EC1V 0HB, England. RP Lind, SE (reprint author), City Univ London, Dept Psychol, Northampton Sq, London EC1V 0HB, England. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 929 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0702-y PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900011 PM 19205856 ER PT J AU Kuusikko, S Haapsamo, H Jansson-Verkasalo, E Hurtig, T Mattila, ML Ebeling, H Jussila, K Bolte, S Moilanen, I AF Kuusikko, Sanna Haapsamo, Helena Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira Hurtig, Tuula Mattila, Marja-Leena Ebeling, Hanna Jussila, Katja Boelte, Sven Moilanen, Irma TI Emotion Recognition in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Development; Eye region; High-functioning autism; Interpretation; Self-esteem ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; FACES; PERCEPTION; RESPONSES; PROSODY; MIND; GESTURES AB We examined upper facial basic emotion recognition in 57 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (M = 13.5 years) and 33 typically developing controls (M = 14.3 years) by using a standardized computer-aided measure (The Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect Recognition, FEFA). The ASD group scored lower than controls on the total scores of FEFA and perceived ambiguous stimuli more often as a negative emotion. The older ASD group (a parts per thousand yen12 years) performed better than the younger ASD group (< 12 years) on the blended emotions of FEFA. The results support the findings that individuals with ASD have difficulties in emotion recognition. However, older subjects with ASD seem to have better skills than younger subjects with ASD. C1 [Kuusikko, Sanna; Haapsamo, Helena; Hurtig, Tuula; Mattila, Marja-Leena; Ebeling, Hanna; Jussila, Katja; Moilanen, Irma] Univ & Univ Hosp Oulu, Dept Child Psychiat, Inst Clin Med, Oys Oulu 90029, Finland. [Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira] Univ Oulu, Fac Humanities, Oulu, Finland. [Jansson-Verkasalo, Eira] Univ Hosp Oulu, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Oulu, Finland. [Hurtig, Tuula] Univ Oulu, Inst Hlth Sci, Oulu, Finland. [Boelte, Sven] Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 938 EP 945 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0700-0 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900012 PM 19205857 ER PT J AU Farzin, F Rivera, SM Hessl, D AF Farzin, Faraz Rivera, Susan M. Hessl, David TI Brief Report: Visual Processing of Faces in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: An Eye Tracking Study SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Face processing; Fragile X syndrome; FMR1 gene; Eye tracking; Pupil reactivity ID GAZE-FIXATION; PUPIL SIZE; AUTISM; CHILDREN; MALES; CORTISOL; BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; ACTIVATION; DISORDERS AB Gaze avoidance is a hallmark behavioral feature of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but little is known about whether abnormalities in the visual processing of faces, including disrupted autonomic reactivity, may underlie this behavior. Eye tracking was used to record fixations and pupil diameter while adolescents and young adults with FXS and sex- and age-matched typically developing controls passively viewed photographs of faces containing either a calm, happy, or fearful expression, preceded by a scrambled face matched on luminance. Results provide quantitative evidence for significant differences in gaze patterns and increased pupillary reactivity when individuals with FXS passively view static faces. Such abnormalities have significant implications in terms of understanding causes of gaze avoidance observed in individuals with FXS. C1 [Farzin, Faraz; Rivera, Susan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Mind & Brain, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Farzin, Faraz; Rivera, Susan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rivera, Susan M.; Hessl, David] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Med Investigat Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. 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Using Pennsylvania legislation as an example, which proposed covering services up to $36,000 per year for individuals less than 21 years of age, this paper estimates potential premium increases. The estimate relies on autism treated prevalence, the number of individuals insured by affected plans, mean annual autism expenditures, administrative costs, medical loss ratio, and total insurer revenue. Current treated prevalence and expenditures suggests that premium increases would approximate 1%, with a lower bound of 0.19% and an upper bound of 2.31%. Policy makers can use these results to assess the cost-effectiveness of similar legislation. C1 [Mandell, David S.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Spielman, Stuart] Counsel Autism Speaks, New York, NY USA. [Bouder, James N.] Vista Fdn, Hershey, PA USA. [Mandell, David S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 953 EP 957 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0701-z PG 5 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 445ZL UT WOS:000266089900014 PM 19214727 ER PT J AU Marschik, PB Einspieler, C Oberle, A Laccone, F Prechtl, HFR AF Marschik, Peter B. Einspieler, Christa Oberle, Andreas Laccone, Franco Prechtl, Heinz F. R. TI Case Report: Retracing Atypical Development: A Preserved Speech Variant of Rett Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum; Development; Genetic disorder; General movements; Language; MECP2; Stereotypies ID GIRLS AB The subject of the present study is the development of a girl with the preserved speech variant of Rett disorder. Our data are based on detailed retrospective and prospective video analyses. Despite achieving developmental milestones, movement quality was already abnormal during the girl's first half year of life. 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Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1177/0883073808329527 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 446ME UT WOS:000266124900013 PM 19359255 ER PT J AU Parmeggiani, A Tedde, MR Arbizzani, A Posar, A Scaduto, MC Santucci, M Sangiorgi, S AF Parmeggiani, Antonia Tedde, Maria Rita Arbizzani, Annalisa Posar, Annio Scaduto, Maria Cristina Santucci, Margherita Sangiorgi, Simonetta TI Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2 (MECP2) Gene Mutations in an Italian Sample of Patients With Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Mental Retardation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MECP2 mutations; Rett disorder; pervasive developmental disorders; autism; mental retardation ID RETT-SYNDROME; MALES; SEQUENCE; COHORT AB Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene mutations have been identified in girls with Rett syndrome and in boys with heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorders. Because of the limited or inconsistent data reported in literature, the role of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene in the pathogenesis of mental retardation and pervasive developmental disorders needs further study. We scanned methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene in 99 Italian patients with pervasive developmental disorder or with nonsyndromal mental retardation. Four methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene mutations were found: 2 in 4 girls with Rett disorder, the others in 2 girls with mental retardation. The wide phenotypic spectrum and the variants of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene, which may play an important role in gene regulation and neurodevelopment, justify the literature's interest particularly in girls. C1 [Parmeggiani, Antonia; Tedde, Maria Rita; Arbizzani, Annalisa; Posar, Annio; Scaduto, Maria Cristina; Santucci, Margherita; Sangiorgi, Simonetta] Univ Bologna, Dept Neurol Sci, Child Neurol & Psychiat Unit, I-40123 Bologna, Italy. RP Parmeggiani, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Neurol Sci, Child Neurol & Psychiat Unit, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, I-40123 Bologna, Italy. EM antonia.parmeggiani@unibo.it FU University of Bologna Basic Oriented Research Grant FX This research was carried out in the Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit and Autism Centre of the Department of Neurological Sciences of the University of Bologna. The Study was supported by a University of Bologna Basic Oriented Research Grant. 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Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 772 EP 774 DI 10.1177/0883073808327834 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 446ME UT WOS:000266124900020 PM 19189931 ER PT J AU Snow, AV Lecavalier, L Houts, C AF Snow, Anne V. Lecavalier, Luc Houts, Carrie TI The structure of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: diagnostic and phenotypic implications SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; pervasive developmental disorder; assessment; factor analysis; classification ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; VALIDITY; SPECTRUM; DOMAIN; SUBTYPES; MODEL AB Multivariate statistics can assist in refining the nosology and diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and also contribute important information for genetic studies. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is one of the most widely used assessment instruments in the field of PDD. The current study investigated its factor structure and convergence with measures of adaptive, language, and intellectual functioning. Analyses were conducted on 1,861 individuals with PDD between the ages of 4 and 18 years (mean = 8.3, SD = 3.2). ADI-R scores were submitted to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Analyses were conducted according to verbal status (n = 1,329 verbal, n = 532 nonverbal) and separately for algorithm items only and for all items. ADI-R scores were correlated with scores on measures of adaptive, language, and intellectual functioning. Several factor solutions were examined and compared. CFAs suggested that two- and three-factor solutions were similar, and slightly superior to a one-factor solution. EFAs and measures of internal consistency provided some support for a two-factor solution consisting of social and communication behaviors and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Measures of functioning were not associated with ADI-R domain scores in nonverbal children, but negatively correlated in verbal children. Overall, data suggested that autism symptomatology can be explained statistically with a two-domain model. It also pointed to different symptoms susceptible to be helpful in linkage analyses. Implications of a two-factor model are discussed. C1 [Snow, Anne V.; Lecavalier, Luc] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Snow, Anne V.; Lecavalier, Luc; Houts, Carrie] Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lecavalier, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, 305 McCampbell Hall,1581 Dodd Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 6 BP 734 EP 742 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02018.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 445CM UT WOS:000266027300010 PM 19207624 ER PT J AU Gerhard, T Chavez, B Olfson, M Crystal, S AF Gerhard, Tobias Chavez, Benjamin Olfson, Mark Crystal, Stephen TI National Patterns in the Outpatient Pharmacological Management of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CROSSOVER TRIAL; MEDICATION USE; ANTIPSYCHOTICS; RISPERIDONE C1 [Gerhard, Tobias; Chavez, Benjamin] Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gerhard, Tobias; Crystal, Stephen] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Hlth Hlth Care Policy & Aging Res, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Olfson, Mark] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Depanment Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Olfson, Mark] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Gerhard, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice & Adm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 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Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 445VF UT WOS:000266078900024 PM 19440093 ER PT J AU Belmonte, MK AF Belmonte, Matthew K. TI What's the Story behind 'Theory of Mind' and Autism? SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Article ID TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SHIFTING ATTENTION; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; BROADER PHENOTYPE; SPATIAL ATTENTION; CHILDREN; BRAIN AB Complex, mature cognition is the endpoint of a developmental process in which elementary capacities interact with the environment and with each other in predictable ways that depend on appropriate inputs. 'Theory of mind', the capacity to attribute thoughts and beliefs to other persons, is characterised by the Narrative Practice Hypothesis as emerging from the interactive experience of stories about people acting for reasons. 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Conscious. Stud. PD JUN-AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6-8 SI SI BP 289 EP 308 PG 20 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 468WF UT WOS:000267854400012 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Boisjoli, JA Dempsey, T AF Matson, Johnny L. Boisjoli, Jessica A. Dempsey, Timothy TI Factor Structure of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC) SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism; Assessment; Factor structure ID II DASH-II; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; SOCIAL-SKILLS; PDD-NOS; VALIDITY AB This investigation consisted of two studies designed to look at the underlying structure of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC). Study 1 was a factor analysis of the 40-item informant based scale with 149 children, 2-16 years old, who met criteria for an ASD. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 195 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s10882-009-9135-y PG 17 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 451OV UT WOS:000266480400003 ER PT J AU Schneider, N Goldstein, H AF Schneider, Naomi Goldstein, Howard TI Social Stories (TM) Improve the On-Task Behavior of Children With Language Impairment SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article DE language impairment; autism; Social Stories (TM); auditory-visual support systems; challenging behaviors; single-participant research ID AUTISM AB On-task behaviors are examined for three elementary-aged children who had impaired language and challenging behaviors that compromised their classroom participation and inclusion. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used. Each participant showed improvements in on-task behavior following Social Story (TM) intervention. Participants generalized and maintained their behaviors following the end of intervention. 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Early Interv. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 250 EP 264 DI 10.1177/1053815109339564 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Educational; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 477LJ UT WOS:000268520300004 ER PT J AU Dyer, WJ McBride, BA Santos, RM Jeans, LM AF Dyer, W. Justin McBride, Brent A. Santos, Rosa Milagros Jeans, Laurie M. TI A Longitudinal Examination of Father Involvement With Children With Developmental Delays Does Timing of Diagnosis Matter? SO JOURNAL OF EARLY INTERVENTION LA English DT Article DE father involvement; developmental delays; father-child relations; ECLS-B ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; EDUCATION-PROGRAMS; PARENTAL STRESS; MOTHERS; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; PERCEPTIONS; DISABILITY; FAMILIES; AUTISM AB With a representative sample of U.S. children born in 2001, growth curve modeling was used to investigate the association between father-child involvement and the developmental status of the child. Three groups of children, which varied by timing of developmental delay diagnosis, were compared for father involvement trajectories. These groups of children were compared with each other as well as to a group of children without developmental delays. Group comparisons indicate many more similarities than differences, and implications for service providers are discussed. C1 [Dyer, W. Justin] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McBride, Brent A.; Santos, Rosa Milagros; Jeans, Laurie M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Dyer, WJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Dyer, William/E-8170-2013 CR BELSKY J, 1984, CHILD DEV, V55, P83, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x Bollen Kenneth A., 1989, STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS Brown G. L., 2007, FATHERING, V5, P197, DOI [10.3149/fth.0503.197, DOI 10.3149/FTH.0503.197] Darling R. B., 2007, ORDINARY FAMILIES SP, V3rd Day R. D., 2004, CONCEPTUALIZING MEAS Duncan T. 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SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material CR Daniels JL, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V121, pE1357, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2296 Daniels JL, 2006, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V114, pA396 HERBERT M, 2005, NEUROSCIENTIST, V11 Hertz-Picciotto I, 2009, EPIDEMIOLOGY, V20, P84, DOI 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181902d15 Markram Henry, 2007, Front Neurosci, V1, P77, DOI 10.3389/neuro.01.1.1.006.2007 ROBERTS EM, 2007, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V115, P1026 Waldman M, 2008, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V162, P1026, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.162.11.1026 Zimmerman AW, 2008, CURR CLIN NEUROL, P1, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-489-0 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 10 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 448ZE UT WOS:000266299700002 ER PT J AU Kratz, SV AF Kratz, S. V. TI Sensory integration intervention: Historical concepts, treatment strategies and clinical experiences in three patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Pediatric Neurotransmitter Diseases CY JUL 18-19, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Off Rare Dis, John Hopkins Sch Med, PND Assoc ID CHILDREN; DISORDERS; AUTISM AB This paper is a review of clinical experiences providing developmental therapy services for three boys diagnosed with paediatric neurotransmitter disease. The clinical presentation of paediatric neurotransmitter diseases might parallel other diagnostic characteristics seen in a typical paediatric therapy clinic (i.e. hypotonia, motor and cognitive delays, coordination, expressive speech, and ocular motor difficulties.) From the clinical perspective of the author, sensory integrative function is but one aspect of a thorough evaluation and treatment plan for all patients. The manifestations of sensory integration dysfunction (SID), also known as sensory processing dysfunction (SPD), can occur alone or be concurrent with a variety of known medical, behavioural and neurological diagnoses. These manifestations of SPD can include, but are not limited to: hypotonia, hyperactivity, irritability, distractibility, attention difficulties, learning difficulties, clumsiness and incoordination, instability, poor motor skills, social-emotional difficulties, and behavioural problems. This paper summarizes the theory and practice applications of sensory integration. The author discusses clinical experiences providing occupational therapy services utilizing sensory integration methods and strategies with clients who were eventually diagnosed with SSADH deficiency. C1 Special Therapies Inc, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. RP Kratz, SV (reprint author), Special Therapies Inc, W238N1690 Rockwood Dr 500, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. EM specialtherapies238@yahoo.com CR *AM OCC THER ASS, 2008, GUID OCC THER PRACT Ayres A. J., 2004, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres A. J., 1989, SENSORY INTEGRATION Ayres A. J., 1972, SENSORY INTEGRATION Baranek GT, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1020541906063 Bumin G, 2001, DISABIL REHABIL, V23, P394 Bundy A., 2002, SENSORY INTEGRATION Daems J., 1994, REV RES SENSORY INTE FISHER AG, 2002, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P3 Franklin L, 2008, AM J OCCUP THER, V62, P265 Hanson E, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P628, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0192-0 Miller U., 2001, UNDERSTANDING NATURE, P57 MULLIGAN S, 2003, SENSORY INTEGRATION, V26, P1 OTTENBACHER KJ, 2002, SENSORY INTEGRATION, P387 Parham L, 2001, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, P329 Parham LD, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P216 PFEIFFER B, 2008, SCIENCEDAILY 0427 Schaaf RC, 2005, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V11, P143, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20067 SCHNEIDER ML, 2008, PRIMATE MODELS CHILD, P213 Schneider ML, 2007, AM J OCCUP THER, V61, P247 Smith Roley S, 2001, UNDERSTANDING NATURE Uyanik M, 2003, PEDIATR INT, V45, P68, DOI 10.1046/j.1442-200X.2003.01670.x Vargas S, 1999, AM J OCCUP THER, V53, P189 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10545-009-1149-1 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity GA 451EF UT WOS:000266452800005 PM 19381864 ER PT J AU Leeming, RJ Lucock, M AF Leeming, R. J. Lucock, M. TI Autism: Is there a folate connection? SO JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENCY AB Autism is increasing-but why? Birth defect prevention trials were based on the teleological assumption that folic acid could prevent neural tube defects without consideration of long-term effects, some of which could be beneficial, some of which might be harmful. We therefore ask-Is it impossible to look again at these cohorts?. C1 [Lucock, M.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Leeming, R. J.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Screening Lab, Birmingham B4 6NH, W Midlands, England. RP Leeming, RJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Screening Lab, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, W Midlands, England. EM Robert@leemingrj.demon.co.uk CR Adams M, 2007, NEUROSCI LETT, V422, P24, DOI 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.025 James SJ, 2006, AM J MED GENET B, V141B, P947, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30366 LEEMING RJ, 1976, J CLIN PATHOL, V29, P444, DOI 10.1136/jcp.29.5.444 Ramaekers VT, 2007, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V38, P276, DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1065354 Rodier PM, 1996, J COMP NEUROL, V370, P247, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960624)370:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2 SMITH I, 1985, J INHERIT METAB DIS, V8, P39, DOI 10.1007/BF01800658 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8955 J9 J INHERIT METAB DIS JI J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 400 EP 402 DI 10.1007/s10545-009-1093-0 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity GA 451EF UT WOS:000266452800011 PM 19277892 ER PT J AU Hoevenaars-van den Boom, MAA Antonissen, ACFM Knoors, H Vervloed, MPJ AF Hoevenaars-van den Boom, M. A. A. Antonissen, A. C. F. M. Knoors, H. Vervloed, M. P. J. TI Differentiating characteristics of deafblindness and autism in people with congenital deafblindness and profound intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; concomitant behaviour; deafblindness; differential diagnosis; intellectual disabilities ID CHARGE SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE AB In persons with deafblindness, it is hard to distinguish autism spectrum disorders from several deafblind specific behaviours caused by the dual sensory impairments, especially when these persons are also intellectually disabled. As a result, there is an over-diagnosis of autism in persons who are deafblind leading to unsuitable interventions. Autism as specified by the DSM-IV was studied in 10 persons with congenital deafblindness with profound intellectual disabilities. Behaviours of people with deafblindness and autism (n = 5) and of people with deafblindness without autism (n = 5) were observed in a semi-standardised assessment. All people with deafblindness showed impairments in social interaction, communication and language. In contrast to persons without autism, people with deafblindness and autism showed significantly more impairments in reciprocity of social interaction, quality of initiatives to contact and the use of adequate communicative signals and functions. No differences between the groups were found for quantity and persistence of stereotyped behaviour, quality of play and exploration and adequate problem-solving strategies. This study indicates that there are some possibilities to differentiate autism from behaviours specific for deafblindness. It also confirms the large overlap in overt behaviours between people with deafblindness and persons with autism. C1 [Knoors, H.; Vervloed, M. P. J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Hoevenaars-van den Boom, M. A. A.; Antonissen, A. C. F. M.; Knoors, H.] Royal Effatha Guyot Grp, Dept Diag, St Michielsgestel, Netherlands. RP Vervloed, MPJ (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, Montessorilaan 3, NL-6525 HR Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM m.vervloed@pwo.ru.nl RI Vervloed, Mathijs/D-6094-2012; Knoors, Harry/D-6170-2012 OI Knoors, Harry/0000-0002-1709-052X CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Andrews R., 2005, BRIT J VISUAL IMPAIR, V23, P52, DOI 10.1177/0264619605054776 Brown R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P693, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x Carvill S, 2001, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V45, P467, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00366.x Cass H., 1998, AUTISM, V2, P117, DOI 10.1177/1362361398022002 Dale N., 2005, AUTISM BLINDNESS RES, P74 de Bildt A, 2005, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V46, P275, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00346.x FREEMAN RD, 2000, DEV DISABILITY BEHAV, P27 Frith U., 2003, AUTISM EXPLAINING EN Gense M. H., 2005, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO Hartshorne TS, 2005, AM J MED GENET A, V133A, P257, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30545 Hobson R. P., 1997, BLINDNESS PSYCHOL DE, P99 Hobson RP, 2003, PHILOS T R SOC B, V358, P335, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1201 HOEVENAARS MAA, 2008, INSTRUMENT OBS UNPUB HOEVENAARS MAA, 2007, DEAFBL INT WORLD C P Jan J. E., 1977, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CH JORDAN R, 2005, AUTISM BLINDNESS RES, P142 Knoors H., 2003, OXFORD HDB DEAF STUD, P82 KRAIJER DW, 2003, WETENSCHAPPELIJK TIJ, V2, P24 Krug D. A., 1980, AUTISM SCREENING INS LECOUTEUR A, 2003, ADI R AUTISM DIAGNOS Lord C., 2006, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Mason J, 2004, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V17, P85, DOI 10.1111/j.1360-2322.2004.00184.x Murdoch H., 2000, DBI REV MAGAZINE DEA, V26, P7 Nelson C, 2002, RES PRACT PERS SEV D, V27, P97, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.27.2.97 Noens I, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P197, DOI 10.1177/1326361304042723 NOENS ILJ, 2004, THESIS LEIDEN U GRAF RODBROE I, 2001, NUD B, V1, P23 Smith IM, 2005, AM J MED GENET A, V133A, P248, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30544 TROSTER H, 1991, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V19, P569, DOI 10.1007/BF00925821 UNGERER JA, 1981, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V20, P318, DOI 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60992-4 Van Dijk J., 1993, STRATEGIES DEAFBLIND VANDIJK J, 1993, MEERVOUDIG GEHANDICA, P34 VANDIJK J, 1982, RUBELLA HANDICAPPED VANDIJK JPM, 1995, CONGENITAAL DOOFBLIN VANDIJK JPM, 1996, DEAFBLIND PERSPECTIV, V4, P1 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 53 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01175.x PG 11 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 447GR UT WOS:000266180100007 PM 19457155 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Federal Strategic Plan for Autism Research Announced SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 497VZ UT WOS:000270093000007 ER PT J AU Ben-Shachar, S Lanpher, B German, JR Qasaymeh, M Potocki, L Nagamani, SCS Franco, LM Malphrus, A Bottenfield, GW Spence, JE Amato, S Rousseau, JA Moghaddam, B Skinner, C Skinner, SA Bernes, S Armstrong, N Shinawi, M Stankiewicz, P Patel, A Cheung, SW Lupski, JR Beaudet, AL Sahoo, T AF Ben-Shachar, S. Lanpher, B. German, J. R. Qasaymeh, M. Potocki, L. Nagamani, S. C. Sreenath Franco, L. M. Malphrus, A. Bottenfield, G. W. Spence, J. E. Amato, S. Rousseau, J. A. Moghaddam, B. Skinner, C. Skinner, S. A. Bernes, S. Armstrong, N. Shinawi, M. Stankiewicz, P. Patel, A. Cheung, S-W Lupski, J. R. Beaudet, A. L. Sahoo, T. TI Microdeletion 15q13.3: a locus with incomplete penetrance for autism, mental retardation, and psychiatric disorders SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; COPY-NUMBER; HUMAN GENOME; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; INCREASE RISK; PRADER-WILLI; SCHIZOPHRENIA; REARRANGEMENTS; ASSOCIATION; EPILEPSY AB Background: Microdeletions within chromosome 15q13.3 are associated both with a recently recognised syndrome of mental retardation, seizures, and dysmorphic features, and with schizophrenia. Methods and results: Based on routine diagnostic testing of,8200 samples using array comparative genomic hybridisation, we identified 20 individuals (14 children and six parents in 12 families) with microdeletions of 15q13.3. Phenotypes in the children included developmental delay, mental retardation, or borderline IQ in most and autistic spectrum disorder (6/14), speech delay, aggressiveness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and other behavioural problems. Both parents were available in seven families, and the deletion was de novo in one, inherited from an apparently normal parent in four, and inherited from a parent with learning disability and bipolar disorder in two families. Of the 14 children, six in five families were adopted, and DNA was available for only one of these 10 biological parents; the deletion was very likely inherited for one of these families with two affected children. Among the unavailable parents, two mothers were described as having mental retardation, another mother as having "mental illness", and one father as having schizophrenia. We hypothesise that some of the unavailable parents have the deletion. Conclusions: The occurrence of increased adoption, frequent autism, bipolar disorder, and lack of penetrance are noteworthy findings in individuals with deletion 15q13.3. A high rate of adoption may be related to the presence of the deletion in biological parents. Unconfirmed histories of antisocial behaviours in unavailable biological parents raise the concern that future research may show that deletion 15q13.3 is associated with such behaviours. C1 [Beaudet, A. L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lanpher, B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Qasaymeh, M.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Malphrus, A.; Lupski, J. R.; Beaudet, A. L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Bottenfield, G. W.] Brazosport Pediat Clin, Lake Jackson, TX USA. [Spence, J. E.] Levine Childrens Hosp, Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Charlotte, NC USA. [Amato, S.] Tufts Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Genet, Eastern Maine Med Ctr, Problem, MA USA. [Rousseau, J. A.; Moghaddam, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Genet, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Skinner, C.; Skinner, S. A.] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Bernes, S.] Phoenix Childrens Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Armstrong, N.] St Louis Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. RP Beaudet, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM abeaudet@bcm.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [HD037283, M01-RR00188, HD-024064]; William Stamps Farish Fund [RR-019478] FX This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grants HD037283, M01-RR00188 (General Clinical Research Center), HD-024064 (Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Center) and RR-019478 (Rare Disease Clinical Research Consortia) and by generous support from the William Stamps Farish Fund. 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Med. Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 382 EP 388 DI 10.1136/jmg.2008.064378 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 452JM UT WOS:000266536300004 PM 19289393 ER PT J AU Sizoo, B van den Brink, W van Eenige, MG van der Gaag, RJ AF Sizoo, Bram van den Brink, Wim van Eenige, Marielle Gorissen van der Gaag, Rutger Jan TI Personality Characteristics of Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Substance Use Disorders SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Personality; autism; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; substance use disorder ID PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS; TREATMENT ISSUES; DECISION-MAKING; TEMPERAMENT; INVENTORY; VALIDITY; TRAITS; SAMPLE; RISK; ADHD AB We examined temperament and character profiles of 128 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants completed the abbreviated Temperament and Character Inventory. The ASD and ADHD groups showed distinct temperament profiles (ADHD: high novelty seeking, ASD: low reward dependence, high harm avoidance) and low character scores in both groups. We then stratified ASD and ADHD into current substance use disorder (SUD+), former (SUD boolean AND), or no history of Substance Use Disorder (SUD-). Novelty seeking and reward dependence were only significantly lower for ASD/SUD-, but normal for ASD/SUD boolean AND and ASD/SUD+ subgroups. Persistence scores were highest in both SUD boolean AND subgroups. We concluded that temperament profiles of ASD and ADHD patients differ significantly, and are similar to profiles reported in earlier studies, but appear to depend on the SUD status. Surprisingly, normal social orientation is found in ASD patients with former or current SUD. High persistence scores characterize patients who overcome SUD. C1 [Sizoo, Bram] Dimence Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Dev Disorders, NL-7400 GC Deventer, Netherlands. [Sizoo, Bram; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan] Univ Med Ctr, Karakter Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [van den Brink, Wim] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Eenige, Marielle Gorissen] Amer Univ Paris, Dept Psychol, Paris, France. [van den Brink, Wim] Amsterdam Inst Addict Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Sizoo, B (reprint author), Dimence Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Dev Disorders, POB 5003, NL-7400 GC Deventer, Netherlands. EM b.sizoo@dimence.nl RI Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anckarsater H, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P1239, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1239 Biederman J, 2008, AM J PSYCHIAT, V165, P107 Carey Kate B., 2003, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, V191, P300, DOI 10.1097/00005053-200305000-00005 CLONINGER CR, 1993, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V50, P975 Comings DE, 2000, CLIN GENET, V58, P375, DOI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580508.x Duijsens IJ, 2000, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V28, P487, DOI 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00114-2 Gillberg C, 1999, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V99, P399, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00984.x Goudriaan AE, 2005, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V23, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.01 Goudriaan AE, 2006, DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN, V84, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.02.007 Kooij JJS, 2005, PSYCHOL MED, V35, P817, DOI 10.1017/S003329170400337X LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Martinotti G, 2006, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V47, P350, DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.12.005 Moran P, 2006, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V188, P374, DOI 10.1192/bjp.188.4.374 Murphy K, 1996, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V37, P393, DOI 10.1016/S0010-440X(96)90022-X Nigg JT, 2002, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V83, P451, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.83.2.451 Nordin C, 2007, J GAMBL STUD, V23, P113, DOI 10.1007/s10899-006-9049-x Penk WE, 2000, J ADDICT DIS, V19, P23, DOI 10.1300/J069v19n01_02 Petry NM, 2007, AM J ADDICTION, V16, P1, DOI 10.1080/10550490601077668 Potenza MN, 2007, REV BRAS PSIQUIATR, V29, P105, DOI 10.1590/S1516-44462007000200004 Pukrop R, 2002, J PERS DISORD, V16, P135, DOI 10.1521/pedi.16.2.135.22550 Ruchkin VV, 1998, COMPR PSYCHIAT, V39, P225, DOI 10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90065-7 Sher KJ, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P818, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.68.5.818 Soderstrom H, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P287, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006003006 Spalletta G, 2007, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V40, P29, DOI 10.1159/000096387 Svrakic DM, 2002, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V106, P189, DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02196.x Tamminga CA, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P180, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.2.180 Tillman R, 2003, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V13, P531, DOI 10.1089/104454603322724922 Wilens Timothy E, 2007, J Clin Psychiatry, V68, pe20 Wilens TE, 2004, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V27, P283, DOI 10.1016/S0193-953X(03)00113-8 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3018 EI 1539-736X J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 197 IS 6 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a61dd0 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 457OQ UT WOS:000266941800011 PM 19525746 ER PT J AU Bolton, PF AF Bolton, Patrick F. TI Medical conditions in autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Genetics; Medical disorders; Epidemiology; Risk pathways ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; ISODICENTRIC CHROMOSOME-15; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviourally defined syndrome where the etiology and pathophysiology is only partially understood. In a small proportion of children with the condition, a specific medical disorder is identified, but the causal significance in many instances is unclear. Currently, the medical conditions that are best established as probable causes of ASD include Fragile X syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis and abnormalities of chromosome 15 involving the 15q11-13 region. Various other single gene mutations, genetic syndromes, chromosomal abnormalities and rare de novo copy number variants have been reported as being possibly implicated in etiology, as have several ante and post natal exposures and complications. However, in most instances the evidence base for an association with ASD is very limited and largely derives from case reports or findings from small, highly selected and uncontrolled case series. Not only therefore, is there uncertainty over whether the condition is associated, but the potential basis for the association is very poorly understood. In some cases the medical condition may be a consequence of autism or simply represent an associated feature deriving from an underlying shared etiology. Nevertheless, it is clear that in a growing proportion of individuals potentially causal medical conditions are being identified and clarification of their role in etio-pathogenesis is necessary. Indeed, investigations into the causal mechanisms underlying the association between conditions such as tuberous sclerosis, Fragile X and chromosome 15 abnormalities are beginning to cast light on the molecular and neurobiological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. It is evident therefore, that much can be learnt from the study of probably causal medical disorders as they represent simpler and more tractable model systems in which to investigate causal mechanisms. Recent advances in genetics, molecular and systems biology and neuroscience now mean that there are unparalleled opportunities to test causal hypotheses and gain fundamental insights into the nature of autism and its development. C1 [Bolton, Patrick F.] Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Bolton, Patrick F.] Kings Coll London, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Bolton, PF (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM patrick.bolton@kcl.ac.uk RI Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 FU UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry; Kings College London; The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust FX This research was supported by the UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London and The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust'. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 SI SI BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s11689-009-9021-z PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559ST UT WOS:000274848700001 PM 21547710 ER PT J AU Lewis, M Kim, SJ AF Lewis, Mark Kim, Soo-Jeong TI The pathophysiology of restricted repetitive behavior SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Stereotypy; Compulsions; Rituals; Cortical-basal ganglia circuitry ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; HIGH-FREQUENCY STIMULATION; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; SMITH-MAGENIS-SYNDROME; NORMAL HUMAN INFANTS; DE-LANGE-SYNDROME AB Restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are heterogeneous ranging from stereotypic body movements to rituals to restricted interests. RRBs are most strongly associated with autism but occur in a number of other clinical disorders as well as in typical development. There does not seem to be a category of RRB that is unique or specific to autism and RRB does not seem to be robustly correlated with specific cognitive, sensory or motor abnormalities in autism. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the pathophysiology of RRB. Both clinical and animal models studies link repetitive behaviors to genetic mutations and a number of specific genetic syndromes have RRBs as part of the clinical phenotype. Genetic risk factors may interact with experiential factors resulting in the extremes in repetitive behavior phenotypic expression that characterize autism. Few studies of individuals with autism have correlated MRI findings and RRBs and no attempt has been made to associate RRB and postmortem tissue findings. Available clinical and animal models data indicate functional and structural alterations in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry in the expression of RRB, however. Our own studies point to reduced activity of the indirect basal ganglia pathway being associated with high levels of repetitive behavior in an animal model. These findings, if generalizable, suggest specific therapeutic targets. These, and perhaps other, perturbations to cortical basal ganglia circuitry are mediated by specific molecular mechanisms (e.g., altered gene expression) that result in long-term, experience-dependent neuroadaptations that initiate and maintain repetitive behavior. A great deal more research is needed to uncover such mechanisms. Work in areas such as substance abuse, OCD, Tourette syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and dementias promise to provide findings critical for identifying neurobiological mechanisms relevant to RRB in autism. Moreover, basic research in areas such as birdsong, habit formation, and procedural learning may provide additional, much needed clues. Understanding the pathophysioloy of repetitive behavior will be critical to identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for individuals with autism. C1 [Lewis, Mark; Kim, Soo-Jeong] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lewis, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 SI SI BP 114 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s11689-009-9019-6 PG 19 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559ST UT WOS:000274848700002 PM 21547711 ER PT J AU Dolen, G Bear, MF AF Dolen, Gul Bear, Mark F. TI Fragile x syndrome and autism: from disease model to therapeutic targets SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Fragile X; FXS; Metabotropic; Glutamate; Receptor; mglur; mglur5; FMRP; Fragile x mental retardation protein; Synaptic plasticity; Long term depression; LTD; Protein synthesis; Translation; Ocular; Dominance; Plasticity; Visual; Cortex; Hippocampus; Inhibitory avoidance; Passive avoidance; Extinction; Autism; HOMER; SHANK; Neuroligin; Neurexin; Tuberous sclerosis; TSC; TSC1; TSC2; Rett; MeCP; BDNF; PTEN; Hamartoma; Angelman; UBE3; Dendritic spine; Synapse; Development; Synapsopathy; Audiogenic seizure; Seizure; Mental retardation; Cognitive; Impairment ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OCULAR DOMINANCE PLASTICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL AREA CA1; MOUSE MODEL; DENDRITIC SPINE; VISUAL-CORTEX AB Autism is an umbrella diagnosis with several different etiologies. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), one of the first identified and leading causes of autism, has been modeled in mice using molecular genetic manipulation. These Fmr1 knockout mice have recently been used to identify a new putative therapeutic target, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), for the treatment of FXS. Moreover, mGluR5 signaling cascades interact with a number of synaptic proteins, many of which have been implicated in autism, raising the possibility that therapeutic targets identified for FXS may have efficacy in treating multiple other causes of autism. C1 [Dolen, Gul; Bear, Mark F.] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dolen, Gul] Brown Univ, Alpert Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Dolen, G (reprint author), MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, E25-618, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11689-009-9015-x PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559ST UT WOS:000274848700003 PM 21547712 ER PT J AU Ess, KC AF Ess, Kevin C. TI Tuberous sclerosis complex: everything old is new again SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Tuber; Autism; Epilepsy; mTORC1 ID GIANT-CELL ASTROCYTOMA; TUMOR-DEVELOPMENT; INFANTILE SPASMS; BRAIN PATHOLOGY; MOUSE MODEL; TSC1; MTOR; RAPAMYCIN; AUTISM; EPILEPSY AB Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a multiorgan genetic disease caused by loss of function of either the TSC1 (encodes hamartin) or TSC2 (encodes tuberin) genes. Patients with TSC have benign tumors (hamartomas) in multiple organs though brain involvement is typically the most disabling aspect of the disease as very high rates of neurodevelopmental disorders are seen. While first described well over 120 years ago, recent advances have transformed TSC into a prototypical disorder that exemplifies the methods and potential of molecular medicine. This review will detail historical aspects of TSC and its strong associations with neurodevelopmental disorders focusing on epilepsy and autism. Finally, promising new approaches for the treatment of epilepsy and autism in patients with TSC as well as those in the general population will be discussed. C1 [Ess, Kevin C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Ess, Kevin C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Neurol, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Tuberous Sclerosis Clin,Vanderbilt Childrens Hosp, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RP Ess, KC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, 465 21st Ave S,MRBIII 6158, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kevin.ess@vanderbilt.edu FU NINDS; NIH; Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance FX Dr. Ess receives research funding from the NINDS, NIH and the Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance. He would like to thank Dr. Pat Levitt for his support. In addition, he would also like to thank individuals with TSC as well as their families for inspiration and motivation. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 SI SI BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11689-009-9014-y PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559ST UT WOS:000274848700004 PM 21547713 ER PT J AU Silva, AJ Ehninger, D AF Silva, Alcino J. Ehninger, Dan TI Adult reversal of cognitive phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Neurodevelopmental disorders; Autism; Animal models; Rescue; Treatment ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI-SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; MOUSE MODEL; RETT-SYNDROME; DOWN-SYNDROME; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1; VISUAL-CORTEX AB Recent findings in mice suggest that it is possible to reverse certain neurodevelopmental disorders in adults. Changes in development, previously thought to be irreparable in adults, were believed to underlie the neurological and psychiatric phenotypes of a range of common mental health problems with a clear developmental component. As a consequence, most researchers have focused their efforts on understanding the molecular and cellular processes that alter development with the hope that early intervention could prevent the emergent pathology. Unexpectedly, several different animal model studies published recently, including animal models of autism, suggest that it may be possible to reverse neurodevelopmental disorders in adults: Addressing the underlying molecular and cellular deficits in adults could in several cases dramatically improve the neurocognitive phenotypes in these animal models. The findings reviewed here provide hope to millions of individuals afflicted with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, since they suggest that it may be possible to treat or even cure them in adults. C1 [Silva, Alcino J.; Ehninger, Dan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Psychol & Brain Res Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Silva, Alcino J.; Ehninger, Dan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Psychol & Brain Res Inst, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Silva, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Psychol & Brain Res Inst, Dept Neurobiol, 695 Charles Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM silvaa@mednet.ucla.edu; dehninger@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIH [R01-NS38480, P50MH0779720]; [EH223/2-1] FX This work was supported by the following grants: EH223/2-1 to D.E., and NIH R01-NS38480 and P50MH0779720 to A.J.S. 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Here, we review our efforts to characterize rare, nonsynonymous polymorphisms in SERT derived from multiplex pedigrees carrying diagnoses of autism and OCD and present the initial stages of our effort to model one of these variants, Gly56Ala, in vivo. We generated a targeting vector to produce the Gly56Ala substitution in the Slc6a4 locus by homologous recombination. Following removal of a neomycin resistance selection cassette, animals exhibiting germline transmission of the Ala56 variant were bred to establish a breeding colony on a 129S6 background, suitable for initial evaluation of biochemical, physiological and behavioral alterations relative to SERT Gly56 (wildtype) animals. SERT Ala56 mice were achieved and exhibit a normal pattern of transmission. The initial growth and gross morphology of these animals is comparable to wildtype littermate controls. The SERT Ala56 variant can be propagated in 129S6 mice without apparent disruption of fertility and growth. We discuss both the opportunities and challenges that await the physiological/behavioral analysis of Gly56Ala transgenic mice, with particular reference to modeling autism-associated traits. C1 [Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy; Sutcliffe, James. S.; Blakely, Randy D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy; Carter, Michelle; Blakely, Randy D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Jessen, Tammy N.; Thompson, Brent J.; Prasad, Harish C.; Steiner, Jennifer A.; Blakely, Randy D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sutcliffe, James. S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Physiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sutcliffe, James. S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Blakely, RD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 SI SI BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s11689-009-9023-x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559ST UT WOS:000274848700007 PM 20664807 ER PT J AU Abolfazli, R Mirbaghri, A Zabihi, A Samadzadeh, S AF Abolfazli, R. Mirbaghri, A. Zabihi, A. Samadzadeh, S. TI Autism and celiac disease: failure to validate the hypothesis that a link might exist SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Meeting of the European-Neurological-Society CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Neurol Soc C1 [Abolfazli, R.; Mirbaghri, A.; Zabihi, A.; Samadzadeh, S.] Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-5354 J9 J NEUROL JI J. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 256 BP S182 EP S183 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 473YO UT WOS:000268248700515 ER PT J AU Baum, N AF Baum, Nehama TI Assessment of the effect a well-designed transition process has on the quality of life of individuals with autism and other intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baum, Nehama] MukiBaum Treatment Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM nehama@mukibaum.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300026 ER PT J AU Baum, N AF Baum, Nehama TI Effect of architecture and building design on the quality of life of people with autism and other intellectual disabilities SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Baum, Nehama] MukiBaum Treatment Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM nehama@mukibaum.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300027 ER PT J AU Cohen, L Boon, GW Poon, K Mcloughlin, I Kee, N AF Cohen, Libby Boon, Goh Wooi Poon, Kenneth Mcloughlin, Ian Kee, Norman TI Using embedded technology supports to foster development in children with autism SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cohen, Libby; Boon, Goh Wooi; Poon, Kenneth; Mcloughlin, Ian; Kee, Norman] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore. EM libby.cohen@nie.edu.sg RI McLoughlin, Ian/A-3674-2011; Poon, Kenneth /K-5799-2012 OI McLoughlin, Ian/0000-0001-7111-2008; Poon, Kenneth /0000-0002-8809-902X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300044 ER PT J AU Hetzroni, OE Garti-Alon, T AF Hetzroni, Orit E. Garti-Alon, Tehila TI Decision-making by parents of children with autism in the selection of their child's therapy SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hetzroni, Orit E.; Garti-Alon, Tehila] Univ Haifa, Fac Educ, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. EM hetzroni@construct.haifa.ac.il NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300082 ER PT J AU Ho, SW AF Ho, Soo Wee TI Building school-based resources for supporting students with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ho, Soo Wee] Minist Educ, Singapore, Singapore. EM ho_soo_wee@moe.gov.sg NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300085 ER PT J AU Kim, J AF Kim, Jeongil TI Using art play activity to promote prosocial behaviors for kindergarteners with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Jeongil] Daegu Cyber Univ, Play Therapy Dept, Seoul, South Korea. EM ashramguru@hanmail.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300116 ER PT J AU Lin, LY Orsmond, GL Cohn, ES Coster, WJ AF Lin, Ling-Yi Orsmond, Gael L. Cohn, Ellen S. Coster, Wendy J. TI Cultural stressors, cultural values, and caregiver burden in mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders in Taiwan SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Ling-Yi; Orsmond, Gael L.; Cohn, Ellen S.; Coster, Wendy J.] Boston Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM lingyi.lin@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300139 ER PT J AU Lin, SC Jesien, G AF Lin, Sue C. Jesien, George TI System and network coordination for enhancing early identification and early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders and other related developmental disabilities SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Sue C.; Jesien, George] Assoc Univ Ctr Disabil, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM slin@aucd.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300140 ER PT J AU Magiati, I Howlin, P AF Magiati, Iliana Howlin, Patricia TI A long-term outcome study of early interventions for children with autism in the UK: Parental perspectives and satisfaction over time SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Magiati, Iliana] Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Psychiat, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Howlin, Patricia] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM psyim@nus.edu.sg RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300143 ER PT J AU Mccarthy, J Underwood, L Kannabiran, M Howlin, P Bouras, N AF Mccarthy, Jane Underwood, Lisa Kannabiran, Muthukumar Howlin, Patricia Bouras, Nick TI Mental health in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities: A follow-up study on clinical outcomes SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mccarthy, Jane; Underwood, Lisa; Bouras, Nick] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Estia Ctr, Guys Hosp, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kannabiran, Muthukumar] S London & Maudsley NHS Fdn Trust, Guys Hosp, London, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychol, London SE5 8AF, England. EM jane.mcarthy@slam.nhs.uk RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300151 ER PT J AU Nagami, S AF Nagami, Shiori TI From the interviews of trainees who attend a training seminar: A study of processes to deepen understanding of techniques and views support autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nagami, Shiori] Kawasaki Univ Med Welf, Okayama, Japan. EM w5108004@yahoo.co.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300166 ER PT J AU Poon, KK AF Poon, Kenneth K. TI Adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: Parental aspirations regarding employment, living arrangements, and community access SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Poon, Kenneth K.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore, Singapore. EM kenneth.poon@nie.edu.sg RI Poon, Kenneth /K-5799-2012 OI Poon, Kenneth /0000-0002-8809-902X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300178 ER PT J AU Tajitsu, K Murata, I Izutsu, K Tatsumi, T AF Tajitsu, Kiyoshi Murata, Ikuya Izutsu, Katsunobu Tatsumi, Takeo TI Anti-panic tutor: A learning/training support system against the panic action and its practical flash-based application for a child with high-function autism SO JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hokusei Gakuen Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Informat Media Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. EM tajitsu@hokusei.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1741-1122 J9 J POLICY PRACT INTEL JI J. Policy Pract. Intellect. Disabil. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 SI SI BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Rehabilitation GA 665EF UT WOS:000283017300209 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Screen Uses Sound to Detect Autism in Children SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL NURSING AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES LA English DT News Item CR *LENA FDN, 2009, LENA FDN ANN DEV AUT NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0279-3695 J9 J PSYCHOSOC NURS MEN JI J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 456IX UT WOS:000266839900006 ER PT J AU Luong, J Yoder, MK Canham, D AF Luong, June Yoder, Marian K. Canham, Daryl TI Southeast Asian Parents Raising a Child With Autism: A Qualitative Investigation of Coping Styles SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL NURSING LA English DT Article DE autism; autistic spectrum disorder (ASD); Southeast Asian parents; coping styles; support system; qualitative research; family-centered nursing care ID STRATEGIES; MOTHERS AB Autism is a developmental disability increasing in incidence over the past decade. Parents of children with autism experience prolonged levels of stress and isolation. Using qualitative research design, nine parents of children with autism participated in this study that focused on the effect of autism on the family, coping styles, and support systems. The target population was first-generation Southeast Asian American parents. Results revealed nine coping style patterns: (a) denial/passive coping, (b) empowerment, (c) redirecting energy, (d) shifting of focus, (e) rearranging life and relationships, (f) changed expectations, (g) social withdrawal, (h) spiritual coping, and (i) acceptance. The school was considered the primary supportive entity. Although findings may not be unique to the Southeast Asian group, the research provides an in-depth perspective on their lived experience, their struggles, and strengths. Insight gained from this investigation can help school nurses better understand the affect of autism on families, identify specific needs, and address these needs by advocating for appropriate supportive programs. C1 [Luong, June] Santa Clara Cty Off Educ, San Jose, CA USA. [Yoder, Marian K.; Canham, Daryl] San Jose State Univ, Sch Nursing, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Luong, J (reprint author), Santa Clara Cty Off Educ, San Jose, CA USA. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1177/1059840509334365 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 483TF UT WOS:000268990400006 PM 19364878 ER PT J AU Tager-Flusberg, H Rogers, S Cooper, J Landa, R Lord, C Paul, R Rice, M Stoel-Gammon, C Wetherby, A Yoder, P AF Tager-Flusberg, Helen Rogers, Sally Cooper, Judith Landa, Rebecca Lord, Catherine Paul, Rhea Rice, Mabel Stoel-Gammon, Carol Wetherby, Amy Yoder, Paul TI Defining Spoken Language Benchmarks and Selecting Measures of Expressive Language Development for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; language acquisition ID POPULATION; INVENTORY; TODDLERS; OUTCOMES AB Purpose: The aims of this article are twofold: (a) to offer a set of recommended measures that can be used for evaluating the efficacy of interventions that target spoken language acquisition as part of treatment research studies or for use in applied settings and (b) to propose and define a common terminology for describing levels of spoken language ability in the expressive modality and to set benchmarks for determining a child's language level in order to establish a framework for comparing outcomes across intervention studies. Method: The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders assembled a group of researchers with interests and experience in the study of language development and disorders in young children with autism spectrum disorders. The group worked for 18 months through a series of conference calls and correspondence, culminating in a meeting held in December 2007 to achieve consensus on these aims. Results: The authors recommend moving away from using the term functional speech, replacing it with a developmental framework. Rather, they recommend multiple sources of information to define language phases, including natural language samples, parent report, and standardized measures. They also provide guidelines and objective criteria for defining children's spoken language expression in three major phases that correspond to developmental levels between 12 and 48 months of age. C1 [Tager-Flusberg, Helen] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Rogers, Sally] Univ Calif Davis, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Cooper, Judith] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Bethesda, MD USA. [Landa, Rebecca] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Paul, Rhea] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. [Rice, Mabel] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Stoel-Gammon, Carol] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wetherby, Amy] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Yoder, Paul] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Tager-Flusberg, H (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 715 Albany St L-814, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM htagerf@bu.edu RI Tager-Flusberg, Helen/D-5265-2009 CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bertrand J, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V108, P1155, DOI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 Carrow-Woolfolk E, 1999, COMPREHENSIVE ASSESS Chapman R., 2000, SYSTEMATIC ANAL LANG Charman T, 2003, INT J LANG COMM DIS, V38, P265, DOI 10.1080/136820310000104830 Dawson G., 1997, EFFECTIVENESS EARLY, P307 Dawson J., 2003, STRUCTURED PHOTOGRAP Fenson L, 1993, MACARTHUR COMMUNICAT Fenson L, 2007, MACARTHUR BATES COMM GARDNER MF, 1990, EXPRESSIVE ONE WORD GILLBERG C, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P273, DOI 10.1007/BF01495061 Goldman R, 2000, GOLDMAN FRISTOE TEST Hoff E., 2007, HDB LANGUAGE DEV Howlin P, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P212, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x KANNER L, 1946, AM J PSYCHIAT, V103, P242 Koegel R. L., 1988, GEN MAINTENANCE LIFE, P41 Kuehn BM, 2007, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V297, P940, DOI 10.1001/jama.297.9.940 Long S. 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PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0136) PG 10 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 450YW UT WOS:000266438900005 PM 19380608 ER PT J AU Breslin, CM Rudisill, ME Simpson, RG Stark, LE Link, AM Gilchrist, EJ AF Breslin, Casey M. Rudisill, Mary E. Simpson, Robert G. Stark, Lauren E. Link, Alison M. Gilchrist, Elizabeth J. TI Effectiveness of visual supports on the performance of the test for gross motor development by children with autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Breslin, Casey M.; Rudisill, Mary E.; Simpson, Robert G.; Stark, Lauren E.; Link, Alison M.; Gilchrist, Elizabeth J.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0895-2779 J9 J SPORT EXERCISE PSY JI J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 31 BP S27 EP S28 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 463PV UT WOS:000267445000051 ER PT J AU Liu, T Pope, M AF Liu, Ting Pope, Michelle TI Motor milestones for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Ting; Pope, Michelle] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0895-2779 J9 J SPORT EXERCISE PSY JI J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 31 BP S36 EP S36 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 463PV UT WOS:000267445000066 ER PT J AU Hallett, V Ronald, A Happe, F AF Hallett, Victoria Ronald, Angelica Happe, Francesca TI Investigating the Association Between Autistic-Like and Internalizing Traits in a Community-Based Twin Sample SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; internalizing; genetics; environment; twins ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE SDQ; ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS; CAST CHILDHOOD ASPERGER; GENERAL-POPULATION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; GENETIC INFLUENCES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; DEPRESSION AB Objectives: Recent research has suggested that children with autistic spectrum disorders often experience comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, despite this overlap, no quantitative genetic studies have addressed the phenotypic overlap and the etiologic association between internalizing and autistic-like traits within the general population. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and etiologic relation between internalizing and autistic-like traits using a community-based twin sample. Method: We investigated the co-occurrence of these traits in a population-based sample of 3,233 twin pairs aged 8 to 9 years, using both parent- and teacher-report questionnaires. Bivariate structural equation modeling techniques were used to determine the extent to which internalizing and autistic-like traits shared common genetic and environmental influences. Results: Our results showed that there was a modest phenotypic correlation (r = 0.26-0.29) between autistic-like and internalizing traits. The traits were both substantially heritable but were largely independent with regard to their genetic influences (r(G) = 0.12-0.19). Shared environmental influences were modest but were largely common to both traits. Similar results were found using both parent- and teacher reported data. Conclusions: Internalizing and autistic-like traits showed moderate phenotypic overlap within the general population. This association was explained in small part by shared genetic factors, but the results suggested that most genetic influences were specific to either internalizing traits or autistic traits. Given these findings, we discuss the potential mechanisms that may underlie the relation between these traits. J Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2009;48(6):618-627. C1 [Hallett, Victoria] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Ronald, Angelica] Birkbeck Coll, Sch Psychol, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London, England. RP Hallett, V (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Box P080,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM victoria.hallett@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012; Ronald, Angelica/C-7812-2009 OI Ronald, Angelica/0000-0002-9576-2176 CR ACHENBACH TM, 1987, PSYCHOL BULL, V101, P213, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 Baron-Cohen S, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P213 Bartels M, 2007, PSYCHOL METHODS, V12, P451, DOI 10.1037/1082-989X.12.4.451 Bolton PF, 1998, PSYCHOL MED, V28, P385, DOI 10.1017/S0033291797006004 Bryson S. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 6 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819f7116 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 448YO UT WOS:000266298100006 PM 19398932 ER PT J AU Byrne, MW AF Byrne, Mary W. TI Sensory processing disorder: Any of a nurse practitioner's business? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS LA English DT Article DE Sensory processing disorder; sensory integration; interdisciplinary treatment; differential diagnosis ID DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; INTEGRATION TREATMENT; CHILDREN; THERAPY; AUTISM; INTERVENTION; EFFICACY AB Children who exhibit the confusing symptom patterns associated with sensory processing deficits are often seen first by primary care providers, including family and pediatric nurse practitioners (NPs). The purpose of this article is to alert NPs to the state of the science for these disorders and to the roles NPs could play in filling the knowledge gaps in assessment, treatment, education, and research. Literature searches using PubMed and MedLine databases and clinical practice observations. Sensory integration disorders have only begun to be defined during the past 35 years. They are not currently included in the DSM IV standard terminology, and are not yet substantively incorporated into most health disciplines' curricula or practice, including those of the NP. NPs are in a unique position to test hypothesized terminology for Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) by contributing precise clinical descriptions of children who match as well as deviate from the criteria for three proposed diagnostic groups: Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD), Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD), and Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD). Beyond the SPD diagnostic debate, for children with sensory deficit patterns the NP role can incorporate participating in interdisciplinary treatment plans, refining differential diagnoses, providing frontline referral and support for affected children and their families, and making both secondary prevention and critical causal research possible through validation of consistently accepted diagnostic criteria. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Byrne, MW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Nursing, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM mwb4@columbia.edu CR Ahn RR, 2004, AM J OCCUP THER, V58, P287 Ayres A. 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Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00417.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA 453UF UT WOS:000266637700003 PM 19527310 ER PT J AU Yuan, TF AF Yuan, Ti-Fei TI Einstein's brain: Gliogenesis in autism? SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Letter ID DISORDERS AB The hypothesis is that the increased glia/neuron ratio in cortical areas of Einstein's brain is the sign of autism disorder rather than the evidence that more glial cells make a genius. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Anat, Li Kai Shing Fac Med, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, TF (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Anat, Li Kai Shing Fac Med, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. CR ALBERT E, 2009, WORLD I SEE IT BAUMAN ML, 2003, NOVART FDN SYMP, V251, P122 Bauman ML, 2003, NOVART FDN SYMP, V251, P112 Bauman M.L., 2003, NOVART FDN SYMP, V251, P281, DOI DOI 10.1002/047086938.CH8 DIAMOND MC, 1985, EXP NEUROL, V88, P198, DOI 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90123-2 Dong WK, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P85, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20016 Fatemi SH, 2008, SYNAPSE, V62, P501, DOI 10.1002/syn.20519 McCaffery P, 2005, PROG NEUROBIOL, V77, P38, DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.005 Vargas DL, 2005, ANN NEUROL, V57, P67, DOI 10.1002/ana.20315 *WIK, 2009, PEOPL SPEC HAV BEEN Witelson SF, 1999, LANCET, V353, P2149, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10327-6 2009, BBS NEWS NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD JUN PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 753 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.023 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 437GF UT WOS:000265474100034 PM 19251376 ER PT J AU Reis, A Rauch, A AF Reis, A. Rauch, A. TI Chromosomal causes of mental retardation SO MEDIZINISCHE GENETIK LA German DT Article DE Mental retardation; Microdeletion syndromes; Microduplication syndromes; Molecular karyotyping; MRNET (German Mental Retardation Network) ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; MICRODELETION SYNDROME; MICRODUPLICATION 22Q11.2; RECURRENT REARRANGEMENTS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; MECP2 DUPLICATIONS; CANDIDATE GENES; AUTISM; 16P11.2 AB Aneuploidies and aneusomies are the most frequent known causes of mental retardation (MR). Besides numerical aberrations, a number of microdeletion syndromes are well known, both clinically and at the molecular level. With the advent of methods for systematic genome-wide analysis of copy number variation such as array comparative genomic hybridization and oligonucleotide microarrays, various novel microdeletion and microduplication syndromes have been uncovered. In addition to recurrent breakpoints mediated by low-copy repeats, numerous "private" aberrations with variable breakpoints due to several other molecular mechanisms have been observed. Some aberrations result in clinically recognizable syndromes, while many exhibit broad clinical variability and penetrance. In consequence, not only de novo aberrations are to be considered, but some pathogenic relevant aberrations can be inherited through apparently healthy parents. The phenotypic spectrum reaches from MR with and without congenital anomalies to psychiatric disorders. Microduplications are usually associated with milder phenotypes than are reciprocal deletions. C1 [Reis, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Humangenet, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Rauch, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Med Genet, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Reis, A (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Humangenet, Schwabachanlage 10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. 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Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s11825-009-0166-7 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 477JA UT WOS:000268514100007 ER PT J AU Tabares-Seisdedos, R Rubenstein, JLR AF Tabares-Seisdedos, R. Rubenstein, J. L. R. TI Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE 8p; NRG1; FGF family; schizophrenia; autism; cancer ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; ONSET ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE 2; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; VESICULAR MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER; BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; FREQUENT EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION AB Defects in genetic and developmental processes are thought to contribute susceptibility to autism and schizophrenia. Presumably, owing to etiological complexity identifying susceptibility genes and abnormalities in the development has been difficult. However, the importance of genes within chromosomal 8p region for neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer is well established. There are 484 annotated genes located on 8p; many are most likely oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Molecular genetics and developmental studies have identified 21 genes in this region (ADRA1A, ARHGEF10, CHRNA2, CHRNA6, CHRNB3, DKK4, DPYSL2, EGR3, FGF17, FGF20, FGFR1, FZD3, LDL, NAT2, NEF3, NRG1, PCM1, PLAT, PPP3CC, SFRP1 and VMAT1/SLC18A1) that are most likely to contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder and depression), neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease) and cancer. Furthermore, at least seven nonprotein-coding RNAs (microRNAs) are located at 8p. Structural variants on 8p, such as copy number variants, microdeletions or microduplications, might also contribute to autism, schizophrenia and other human diseases including cancer. In this review, we consider the current state of evidence from cytogenetic, linkage, association, gene expression and endophenotyping studies for the role of these 8p genes in neuropsychiatric disease. We also describe how a mutation in an 8p gene (Fgf17) results in a mouse with deficits in specific components of social behavior and a reduction in its dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. We finish by discussing the biological connections of 8p with respect to neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer, despite the shortcomings of this evidence. Molecular Psychiatry (2009) 14, 563-589; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.2; published online 10 February 2009 C1 [Tabares-Seisdedos, R.] Univ Valencia, CIBER SAM, Dept Med, Teaching Unit Psychiat & Psychol Med, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Rubenstein, J. L. R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, Nina Ireland Lab Dev Neurobiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tabares-Seisdedos, R (reprint author), Univ Valencia, CIBER SAM, Dept Med, Teaching Unit Psychiat & Psychol Med, Blasco Ibanez 17, Valencia 46010, Spain. EM Rafael.Tabares@uv.es; John.Rubenstein@ucsf.edu FU Spanish FIS-MSC [PI051293]; Spanish Ministry of Health; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBERSAM; Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz; Nina Ireland; NIMH [R37MH49428-16] FX This study was supported by grants from the following: Spanish FIS-MSC Grant PI051293, the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM and Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz to RTS; and from Nina Ireland and NIMH R37MH49428-16 to JLRR. We thank Teresa Escamez, Juan Antonio Martinez-Gimenez, Vicent Balanza-Martinez, Salvador Martinez, Eduard Vieta and Manuel Gomez-Beneyto for their helpful advice on previous versions of the manuscript and for their excellent technical assistance. 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Psychiatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 6 BP 563 EP 589 DI 10.1038/mp.2009.2 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 448BL UT WOS:000266236300004 PM 19204725 ER PT J AU Allen-Brady, K Miller, J Matsunami, N Stevens, J Block, H Farley, M Krasny, L Pingree, C Lainhart, J Leppert, M McMahon, WM Coon, H AF Allen-Brady, K. Miller, J. Matsunami, N. Stevens, J. Block, H. Farley, M. Krasny, L. Pingree, C. Lainhart, J. Leppert, M. McMahon, W. M. Coon, H. TI A high-density SNP genome-wide linkage scan in a large autism extended pedigree SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; genome-wide scan; chromosome 3; chromosome 20; chromosome 7; chromosome 9 ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHROMOSOME 3Q25-27; GENETIC-LINKAGE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; FAMILY HISTORY; UTAH PEDIGREES; ERROR RATES AB We performed a high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), genome-wide scan on a six-generation pedigree from Utah with seven affected males, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Using a two-stage linkage design, we first performed a nonparametric analysis on the entire genome using a 10K SNP chip to identify potential regions of interest. To confirm potentially interesting regions, we eliminated SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) using a principal components analysis (PCA) method and repeated the linkage results. Three regions met genome-wide significance criteria after controlling for LD: 3q13.2-q13.31 (nonparametric linkage (NPL), 5.58), 3q26.31-q27.3 (NPL, 4.85) and 20q11.21-q13.12 (NPL, 5.56). Two regions met suggestive criteria for significance 7p14.1-p11.22 (NPL, 3.18) and 9p24.3 (NPL, 3.44). All five chromosomal regions are consistent with other published findings. Haplotype sharing results showed that five of the affected subjects shared more than a single chromosomal region of interest with other affected subjects. Although no common autism susceptibility genes were found for all seven autism cases, these results suggest that multiple genetic loci within these regions may contribute to the autism phenotype in this family, and further follow-up of these chromosomal regions is warranted. Molecular Psychiatry (2009) 14, 590-600; doi:10.1038/mp.2008.14; published online 19 February 2008 C1 [Allen-Brady, K.; Miller, J.; Stevens, J.; Block, H.; Farley, M.; Krasny, L.; Pingree, C.; Lainhart, J.; Leppert, M.; McMahon, W. M.; Coon, H.] Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Matsunami, N.] Univ Utah, Dept Human Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Allen-Brady, K (reprint author), Utah Autism Res Program, 650 Komas Dr,Suite 206, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM kristina.allen@utah.edu FU Utah Autism Foundation; National Center for Research Resources [M01-RR00064]; Utah Population Database (UPDB); University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute; [R01 MH069359]; [5 U19 HD035476] FX This work was supported by R01 MH069359, 5 U19 HD035476 (one of the NICHD Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism), the Utah Autism Foundation and by GCRC grant number M01-RR00064 from the National Center for Research Resources. Partial support for all datasets within the Utah Population Database (UPDB) was provided by the University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute. We thank Dr Sally Ozonoff for assistance with diagnoses of subjects, and our staff whose countless hours of work have made this study possible. We also greatly appreciate the time and effort given by the family members who participated in this study. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 6 BP 590 EP 600 DI 10.1038/mp.2008.14 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 448BL UT WOS:000266236300005 PM 18283277 ER PT J AU Overy, K Molnar-Szakacs, I AF Overy, Katie Molnar-Szakacs, Istvan TI BEING TOGETHER IN TIME: MUSICAL EXPERIENCE AND THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM SO MUSIC PERCEPTION LA English DT Review DE emotion; insula; imitation; therapy; motor ID MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS; EVENT-RELATED FMRI; ACTION REPRESENTATION; PROFESSIONAL PIANISTS; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; EMOTIONAL RESPONSES; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ACTION RECOGNITION AB THE DISCOVERY OF INDIVIDUAL "MIRROR NEURONS" in the macaque brain that fire both when an action is executed and when that same action is observed or heard, and of a homologous system in humans, is leading to an extraordinary conceptual shift in our understanding of perception-action mechanisms, human communication, and empathy. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 5 BP 489 EP 504 DI 10.1525/MP.2009.26.5.489 PG 16 WC Music; Psychology, Experimental SC Music; Psychology GA 448QV UT WOS:000266278000009 ER PT J AU Yashiro, K Riday, TT Condon, KH Roberts, AC Bernardo, DR Prakash, R Weinberg, RJ Ehlers, MD Philpot, BD AF Yashiro, Koji Riday, Thorfinn T. Condon, Kathryn H. Roberts, Adam C. Bernardo, Danilo R. Prakash, Rohit Weinberg, Richard J. Ehlers, Michael D. Philpot, Benjamin D. TI Ube3a is required for experience-dependent maturation of the neocortex SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUSE VISUAL-CORTEX; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ANGELMAN SYNDROME GENE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MUTANT MICE; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; DIFFERENT LAYERS; KINASE-II; PROTEIN; DEPRIVATION AB Experience-dependent maturation of neocortical circuits is required for normal sensory and cognitive abilities, which are distorted in neurodevelopmental disorders. We tested whether experience-dependent neocortical modifications require Ube3a, an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysregulation has been implicated in autism and Angelman syndrome. Using visual cortex as a model, we found that experience-dependent maturation of excitatory cortical circuits was severely impaired in Angelman syndrome model mice deficient in Ube3a. This developmental defect was associated with profound impairments in neocortical plasticity. Normal plasticity was preserved under conditions of sensory deprivation, but was rapidly lost by sensory experiences. The loss of neocortical plasticity is reversible, as late-onset visual deprivation restored normal synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, Ube3a-deficient mice lacked ocular dominance plasticity in vivo when challenged with monocular deprivation. We conclude that Ube3a is necessary for maintaining plasticity during experience-dependent neocortical development and suggest that the loss of neocortical plasticity contributes to deficits associated with Angelman syndrome. C1 [Condon, Kathryn H.; Ehlers, Michael D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Yashiro, Koji; Riday, Thorfinn T.; Roberts, Adam C.; Bernardo, Danilo R.; Prakash, Rohit; Philpot, Benjamin D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Mol Physiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Riday, Thorfinn T.; Philpot, Benjamin D.] Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Neurobiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Roberts, Adam C.; Weinberg, Richard J.; Philpot, Benjamin D.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Neurosci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Roberts, Adam C.; Philpot, Benjamin D.] Univ N Carolina, Neurodev Disorders Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Weinberg, Richard J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ehlers, Michael D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Ehlers, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 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TI Brain Lipid Analysis in Mice with Rett Syndrome SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mecp2; Rett; Mouse models; Gangliosides; GD1a; Myelin ID DEVELOPING MOUSE CEREBELLUM; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUDIOGENIC-SEIZURES; CELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION; GM1 GANGLIOSIDOSIS; MECP2; MUTANT; LOCALIZATION; DISEASE; AUTISM AB Rett syndrome (RS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder mostly involving mutations in the gene for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Ganglioside abnormalities were previously found in cerebrum and cerebellum in RS patients. We evaluated total lipid distribution in cerebrum/brainstem, hippocampus, and cerebellum in male mice carrying either the Mecp2 (tm1.1Bird) knockout mutation or the Mecp2 (308/y) deletion mutation. The concentration of the neuronal enriched ganglioside GD1a was significantly lower in the cerebrum/brainstem of Mecp2 (tm1.1Bird) mice than in that of age matched controls, but was not reduced in the Mecp2 (308/y) mice. No other differences in brain lipid content, including myelin-enriched cerebrosides, were detected in mice with either type of Mecp2 mutation. These findings indicate that the poor motor performance previously reported in the RS mutant mice is not associated with major brain lipid abnormalities and that most previous brain lipid abnormalities observed in RS patients were not observed in the Mecp2 (tm1.1Bird) or the Mecp2 (308/y) RS mice. C1 [Seyfried, Thomas N.; Heinecke, Karie A.; Mantis, John G.; Denny, Christine A.] Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02467 USA. RP Seyfried, TN (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02467 USA. EM thomas.seyfried@bc.edu FU NIH [NS055195]; Rett Syndrome Research Foundation (RSRF); Boston College Research Expense Fund FX This work was supported in part from NIH grant (NS055195), the Rett Syndrome Research Foundation (RSRF) and the Boston College Research Expense Fund. We would like to thank Dr. Zhaolan Zhou and Dr. Michael Greenberg (Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School) for providing us with the Mecp2Bird mice used in our study. We also thank Nicholas C. Zimick and Christie L. Fritz for helping with the breeding and genotyping of the mice. 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The clinical and behavioural phenotype of this relatively new syndrome is very heterogeneous, with high variability also in the familiar cases. Up till now, about 50 cases of 22q11.2 duplication have been reported, but only three of them are associated with autistic disorders. We propose that in addition to 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, also 22q11.2 duplication should be suspected in a patient with unspecified dysmorphisms, mental retardation, autism, hypotonia, and severe speech delay. C1 [Lo-Castro, A.; Galasso, C.; Cerminara, C.; El-Malhany, N.; Benedetti, S.; Curatolo, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Pediat Neurol Unit, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nardone, A. M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Med Genet, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Lo-Castro, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Neurosci, Pediat Neurol Unit, Viale Oxford 81, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM a.locastro@libero.it CR Antshel KM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1776, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0308-6 Cusmano-Ozog K, 2007, AM J MED GENET C, V145C, P393, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30155 de la Rochebrochard C, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P1608, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31227 Hassed S, 2004, AM J HUM GENET S, V75, P151 Jacquemont ML, 2006, J MED GENET, V43, P843, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2006.043166 Mukaddes NM, 2007, WORLD J BIOL PSYCHIA, V8, P127, DOI 10.1080/15622970601026701 Portnoi MF, 2009, EUR J MED GENET, V52, P88, DOI 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.008 Prasad SE, 2008, DEV DISABIL RES REV, V14, P26, DOI 10.1002/ddrr.5 Ramelli GP, 2008, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V50, P953, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03048.x Wentzel C, 2008, EUR J MED GENET, V51, P501, DOI 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.07.005 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0174-304X J9 NEUROPEDIATRICS JI Neuropediatrics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1237724 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 535ND UT WOS:000272975000007 PM 20020400 ER PT J AU Magnee, MJCM Oranje, B van Engeland, H Kahn, RS Kemner, C AF Magnee, Maurice J. C. M. Oranje, Bob van Engeland, Herman Kahn, Rene S. Kemner, Chantal TI Cross-sensory gating in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: EEG evidence for impaired brain connectivity? SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE P50 suppression; Multisensory; Connectivity; Autism; Schizophrenia; Sensory processing ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; P50 SUPPRESSION; INTEGRATION; CORTEX; DEFICITS; DISCONNECTION; COMPREHENSION; PERCEPTION; GENERATION; CLOZAPINE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are both neurodevelopmental disorders that have extensively been associated with impairments in functional brain connectivity. Using a cross-sensory P50 suppression paradigm, this study investigated low-level audiovisual interactions on cortical EEG activation, which provides crucial information about functional integrity of connections between brain areas involved in cross-sensory processing in both disorders. Thirteen high functioning adult males with ASD, 13 high functioning adult males with schizophrenia, and 16 healthy adult males participated in the study. No differences in neither auditory nor cross-sensory P50 suppression were found between healthy controls and individuals with ASD. In schizophrenia, attenuated P50 responses to the first auditory stimulus indicated early auditory processing deficits. These results are in accordance with the notion that filtering deficits may be secondary to earlier sensory dysfunction. Also, atypical cross-sensory suppression was found, which implies that the cognitive impairments seen in schizophrenia may be due to deficits in the integrity of connections between brain areas involved in low-level cross-sensory processing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Magnee, Maurice J. C. M.; van Engeland, Herman; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Oranje, Bob] Univ Psychiat Ctr Glostrup, Ctr Neuropsychiat Schizophrenia Res, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. [Kahn, Rene S.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kemner, Chantal] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Sect Biol Dev Psychol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Magnee, MJCM (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, B01-201,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM M.J.C.M.Magnee@umcutrecht.nl FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [402-01-094] FX This research was funded by an innovational Research Incentives grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; VIDI-scheme, 402-01-094) to Chantal Kemner. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s11065-009-9100-7 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 454EQ UT WOS:000266665400012 PM 19466595 ER PT J AU Itier, RJ Batty, M AF Itier, Roxane J. Batty, Magali TI Neural bases of eye and gaze processing: The core of social cognition SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Eyes; Gaze; Face; Social cognition; Theory of mind; Neuroimaging; ERPs; MEG ID HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FRONTAL-LOBE DAMAGE; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; VISUAL-ATTENTION; AMYGDALA DAMAGE AB Eyes and gaze are very important stimuli for human social interactions. Recent studies suggest that impairments in recognizing face identity, facial emotions or in inferring attention and intentions of others could be linked to difficulties in extracting the relevant information from the eye region including gaze direction. In this review, we address the central role of eyes and gaze in social cognition. We start with behavioral data demonstrating the importance of the eye region and the impact of gaze on the most significant aspects of face processing. We review neuropsychological cases and data from various imaging techniques such as fMRI/PET and ERP/MEG, in an attempt to best describe the spatio-temporal networks underlying these processes. The existence of a neuronal eye detector mechanism is discussed as well as the links between eye gaze and social cognition impairments in autism. We suggest impairments in processing eyes and gaze may represent a core deficiency in several other brain pathologies and may be central to abnormal social cognition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Itier, Roxane J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Batty, Magali] Univ Tours, CHRU, INSERM, CNRS,FRE 2448,U930, Tours, France. RP Itier, RJ (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Psychol, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM ritier@uwaterloo.ca FU Canadian Institute of health Research (CIHR); French Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) FX We wish to warmly thank Dr. Claude Alain from the Rotman Research Institute for pertinent comments and suggestions on previous versions of the manuscript, and Tanya Brown for careful proof-readings of this paper. This work was funded by the Canadian Institute of health Research (CIHR) to RJI and by the French Institut National des Sciences et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) to MB. 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Clausen, Pete TI Common increase of GATA-3 level in PC-12 cells by three teratogens causing autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Valproate; Thalidomide; Alcohol; GATA; Serotonin; Dopamine; Transcription ID DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; VALPROIC ACID; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; TRANSPORTER GENE; DEVELOPING MOUSE; ANIMAL-MODELS; RAPHE NEURONS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disease of neuro-developmental origin of uncertain etiology. The current understanding is that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ASD. Exposure to valproate, thalidomide and alcohol during gestation are amongst the environmental triggers that are associated with the development of ASD. These teratogens may disturb the ontogeny of the brain by altering the expression pattern of genes that regulate the normal development of the brain. In this study, a neuron-like PC-12 cell model was used to examine the effects of these compounds on the binding potential of 50 different transcription factors to understand the molecular mechanism/s that may be involved in the teratogenesis caused by these agents. Cells in culture were treated with low or high concentrations of teratogens within a range that are reported in the blood of individuals. A pronounced increase in GATA transcription factor binding was observed for all three teratogens. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that GATA-3 level in the nuclear fractions was enhanced by each of the three teratogens. Results suggest that altered gene expression pattern due to heightened GATA-3 activities in the fetral brains following exposure to these teratogens may contribute to the development of ASD. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. C1 [Rout, Ujjwal K.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Rout, Ujjwal K.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, Dept Biophys, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Clausen, Pete] Marligen Biosci, Ijamsville, MD 21754 USA. RP Rout, UK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Clin Sci Bldg,Room L020, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM urout@surgery.umsmed.edu FU Department of Surgery, administrative assistance of Marie Philips FX Support for this study by the , english corrections by Nishant Rout and technical assistance of Brian McMaster is acknowledged. Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, UMMC is appreciated for access to the Kodak Imaging and MCID Elite systems for this study. 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Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 64 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.neures.2009.02.009 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 450WJ UT WOS:000266431700005 PM 19428696 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Markedly enhanced visual perception in autism SO NEUROSCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material CR Ashwin E, 2009, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V65, P17, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-8584 EI 1089-4098 J9 NEUROSCIENTIST JI Neuroscientist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 443VM UT WOS:000265938900004 ER PT J AU David, FJ Baranek, GT Giuliani, CA Mercer, VS Poe, MD Thorpe, DE AF David, Fabian J. Baranek, Grace T. Giuliani, Carol A. Mercer, Vicki S. Poe, Michele D. Thorpe, Deborah E. TI A Pilot Study: Coordination of Precision Grip in Children and Adolescents with High Functioning Autism SO PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE adolescent; autistic disorders; child; hand physiology; human movement system; motor skills disorders; muscle strength; psychometric performance ID HEMIPLEGIC CEREBRAL-PALSY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PREHENSION MOVEMENTS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TASK; DEFICITS; FORCES; GRASP; DISABILITIES; ATTENTION AB Purpose: This pilot study compared temporal coordination during a precision grip task between 13 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who were high functioning and 13 peers with typical development. Methods: Temporal coordination between grip and load forces was measured using latency between onset of grip and load forces, grip force at onset of load force, peak grip force (PGF), and time to PGF. Results: Compared with peers with typical development, participants with ASD demonstrated prolonged latency between grip and load forces, elevated grip force at onset of load force, and increased movement variability. PGF and time to PGF were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: These findings indicate temporal dyscoordination in participants with ASD. The findings also enhance our understanding of motor coordination deficits in persons with ASD and have theoretical as well as clinical implications. (Pediatr Phys Ther 2009;21:205-211) C1 [Giuliani, Carol A.; Mercer, Vicki S.; Thorpe, Deborah E.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Phys Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Occupat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Poe, Michele D.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev & Learning, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [David, Fabian J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL USA. RP Thorpe, DE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Phys Therapy, 3006 Bondurant Hall,CB 7135, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dthorpe@med.unc.edu RI Poe, Michele/K-6615-2012; David, Fabian/K-6872-2013; David, Fabian/C-6028-2014 OI Poe, Michele/0000-0001-9693-3638; David, Fabian/0000-0002-3053-4295; David, Fabian/0000-0001-7780-788X FU Department of Allied Health Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX This project was funded, in part, by an internal seed grant through the Department of Allied Health Sciences and the Human Movement Science Student Research Fund at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Fabian David completed this study in partial fulfillment of an MS degree in the Curriculum for Human Movement Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Phys. Ther. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181a3afc2 PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA V23BT UT WOS:000208319000011 PM 19440131 ER PT J AU Fombonne, E AF Fombonne, Eric TI Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; TOTAL POPULATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTITUTION; CHANGING PREVALENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; JAPAN; FRENCH AB This article reviews the results of 43 studies published since 1966 that provided estimates for the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), including autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, PDD not otherwise specified, and childhood disintegrative disorder. The prevalence of autistic disorder has increased in recent surveys and Current estimates of prevalence are around 20/10,000, whereas the prevalence for PDD not otherwise specified is around 30/10,000 in recent surveys. Prevalence of Asperger disorder is much lower than that for autistic disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder is a very rare disorder with a prevalence of about 2/100,000. Combined all together, recent studies that have examined the whole spectrum of PDDs have consistently provided estimates in the 60-70/10,000 range, making PDD one of the most frequent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. The meaning of the increase in prevalence in recent decades is reviewed. There is evidence that the broadening of the concept, the expansion of diagnostic criteria, the development of services, and improved awareness of the condition have played a major role in explaining this increase, although it cannot be ruled out that other factors might have also contributed to that trend. (Pediatr Res 65: 591-598, 2009) C1 McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. RP Fombonne, E (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Ctr Hlth, 4018 St Catherine St W, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. 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Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 IS 6 BP 591 EP 598 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 448OL UT WOS:000266271800001 PM 19218885 ER PT J AU Spence, SJ Schneider, MT AF Spence, Sarah J. Schneider, Mark T. TI The Role of Epilepsy and Epileptiform EEGs in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; RETT-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; LANGUAGE REGRESSION; ROLANDIC EPILEPSY; SEIZURE DISORDERS; CONVULSIVE DISORDER; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CLINICAL SEIZURES AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology characterized by social and communication deficits and the presence of restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. Higher rates of epilepsy have long been reported, but prevalence estimates vary from as little its 5% to as much as 46%. This variation is probably the result of sample characteristics that increase epilepsy risk such as sample ascertainment, lower intelligence quotient (IQ), the inclusion of patients with nonidiopathic autism, age, and gender. However, critical review of the literature reveals that the rate in idiopathic cases with normal IQ is still significantly above the population risk suggesting that autism itself is associated with an increased risk of epilepsy. Recently, there has been interest in the Occurrence of epileptiform electroencephalograms (EEGs) even in the absence of epilepsy. Rates as high as 60% have been reported and some investigators propose that these abnormalities may play a Causal role in the autism phenotype. Although this phenomenon is still not well understood and risk factors have yet to be determined, the treatment implications are increasingly important, We review the recent literature to elucidate possible risk factors for both epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs. We then review existing data and discuss controversies surrounding treatment of EEG abnormalities. (Pediatr Res 65: 599-606, 2009) C1 [Spence, Sarah J.; Schneider, Mark T.] NIMH, Pediat & Dev Neurosci Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Spence, SJ (reprint author), 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1255,Bldg 10,Rm 4N208, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM spences2@mail.nih.gov FU NIMH [XFF 80100] FX Supported by the intramural research program of the NIMH, XFF 80100. 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Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 IS 6 BP 599 EP 606 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 448OL UT WOS:000266271800002 PM 19454962 ER PT J AU Mori, K Ujiie, T Smith, A Howlin, P AF Mori, Kyoko Ujiie, Takeshi Smith, Anna Howlin, Patricia TI Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger's syndrome or autism SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; autism; Japanese; parenting stress; parenting stress index ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FAMILY STRESS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RESPITE CARE; IMPACT; HANDICAPS; DISORDER AB The levels of parental stress among parents of children with Asperger's syndrome in comparison with parents of children with autism are unknown in the Japanese population. The stress levels in Japanese parents caring for children with Asperger's syndrome were compared with the stress levels found in Japanese parents caring for children with autism using the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form. In a sample of 193 families, both groups had a significant increase in parental stress levels. In addition, strong evidence was obtained for the presence of higher levels of parental stress in the Asperger's group compared with the parents of the autism group after controlling for the impact of confounders, F(5,187) = 9.11, P = 0.003. The elevated levels of parental stress found in the Asperger's group appeared to be attributable to characteristics associated with the child's basic behavior. The potential mechanism, implications and strategies for further research are discussed. There are significantly elevated parental stress levels in Japanese parents of children with Asperger's syndrome or autism. In addition, the total parental stress levels were significantly higher in parents of children with Asperger's syndrome than in parents of children with autism. C1 [Mori, Kyoko; Smith, Anna] Kings Coll London, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ctr Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Howlin, Patricia] Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychol, London SW17 0RE, England. [Mori, Kyoko] Toyama Univ, Sch Med, Dept Welf Promot & Epidemiol, Toyama 930, Japan. [Ujiie, Takeshi] Hokkaido Ujiie Clin Psychosomat Children, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Mori, K (reprint author), Osaka Med Ctr, Div Dev Pediat, 840 Murodo Cho, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan. EM kyoko-mori@umin.ac.jp RI Howlin, Patricia/A-7622-2011 FU Daido Life Welfare Foundation FX This study was partly supported by Daido Life Welfare Foundation. We are grateful to the children and families who participated in this study. 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Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 DI 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02728.x PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 451JE UT WOS:000266465700009 PM 19419495 ER PT J AU Glazer, E AF Glazer, Emilie TI Rephrasing the madness and creativity debate: What is the nature of the creativity construct? SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Creativity; Schizophrenia; Schizotypy; Psychosis; Bipolar disorder; HFA/ASP ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOTYPY; MATHEMATICIANS; RELATIVES; QUOTIENT; ARTISTS; WRITERS; SCORES AB This paper aims to reframe the debates about the association between creativity and mental illness. For centuries the link between the two has been debated, yet research has largely ignored the underlying nature of creativity in this context. The full understanding of the creativity construct, however, is essential to completely grasp its relationship with psychopathology. Three possible models for the creativity construct are proposed: the existence of different kinds of creativity each associated with specific types of psychopathology, creativity operating as a continuum, and creativity as a single entity. Support for each model is examined among the current literature. It is concluded that all three models are viable possibilities for the conceptualization of the creativity construct, each offering ample predictions and hypotheses for future research. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3DW, England. RP Glazer, E (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3DW, England. EM emilie.glazer@gmail.com RI du, guanglei/A-9003-2014 CR *AM PSYCH ASS, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P12305 ANDREASEN NC, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P1288 ANDREASE.NJ, 1974, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V125, P452, DOI 10.1192/bjp.125.5.452 Baron-Cohen S, 1997, ADV INFANCY RES, V11, P193 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Baron-Cohen S, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P361, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1206 BARONCOHEN S, 1985, COGNITION, V21, P37, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 BARONCOHEN S, 2000, UNDERSTANDING OTHER, P12305 Becker G., 2001, CREATIVITY RES J, V13, P45, DOI [10.1207/S15326934CRJ1301_6, DOI 10.1207/S15326934CRJ1301_6] BLACKESLEE S, 1998, PHANTOMS BRAIN, P12305 BLEULER E, 1911, DEMENTIA PRAECOX GRO, P12305 Brod J. 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W., 1987, ADV PERSONALITY ASSE, V6, P141 Russ S. W., 2001, CREATIVITY RES J, V13, P27, DOI 10.1207/S15326934CRJ1301_4 Sass L. A., 2001, CREATIVITY RES J, V13, P55, DOI DOI 10.1207/S15326934CRJ1301_ SCHULDBERG D, 1988, J NERV MENT DIS, V176, P648, DOI 10.1097/00005053-198811000-00002 Schuldberg D., 2001, CREATIVITY RES J, V13, P105, DOI 10.1207/S15326934CRJ1301_12 SIMONTON DK, 2000, B PSYCHOL ARTS, V1, P38 SPEARMAN C, 1931, CREATIVE MIND, P12305 STORR A, 1972, DYNAMICS CREATION, P12305 THOMPSON J, 2006, INNER WORLDS OUTSIDE, P51 NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 8 BP 755 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.021 PG 10 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 442DL UT WOS:000265820100002 ER PT J AU Fung, CHM AF Fung, Catherine H. M. TI Asperger's and musical creativity: The case of Erik Satie SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Satie; Asperger's; Creativity; Music; Psychopathology; Personality; Traits ID AUTISM AB The link between psychopathology and creativity was investigated in the study of one individual: the French composer Erik Satie. The current literature puts much emphasis on the connection between creativity and the psychoses - such as schizophrenia and the affective disorders - but there is relatively little concerning other psychological disorders. Nevertheless, there has been a recent upswing in the study of autism and associated disorders (such as Asperger's syndrome), and their association with creativity. The literature reviewed here included a number of biographies, books about the autism spectrum disorders, and articles detailing the psychopathology-creativity link. The aim was not to diagnose Satie with a psychological disorder, but to illustrate that he, who was highly creative, innovative and influential in the development of 20th century music, displayed many of the personality traits typical of Asperger's syndrome. These include perfectionism, perseverance, hatred of conventions, and heightened sensitivity; these combined enabled Satie to devise his own original musical idiom. This case study alone does not - and was not intended to - answer the overall question regarding the existence of a psychopathology-creativity link; but it does support the idea in the context of current literature. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Fung, CHM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. 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Individ. Differ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 8 BP 775 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.019 PG 9 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 442DL UT WOS:000265820100004 ER PT J AU Claridge, G McDonald, A AF Claridge, Gordon McDonald, Anna TI An investigation into the relationships between convergent and divergent thinking, schizotypy, and autistic traits SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Creativity; Autism; Schizotypy; Convergent-divergent thinking ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MENTAL-HEALTH; CREATIVITY; ARTISTS; MATHEMATICIANS; PSYCHOTICISM; SCIENTISTS; DISORDERS; RELATIVES; QUOTIENT AB This study explored the relationships between positive and negative schizotypy, convergent and divergent thinking, and autistic traits within the normal population. Seventy-seven students at Oxford University completed tasks to assess divergent and convergent thinking, and completed questionnaires to measure schizotypy and autistic tendencies. Evidence for relationships between negative schizotypy, autistic traits, and convergent thinking was found, but the expected association between positive schizotypy and divergent thinking was not replicated. These findings are discussed in the context of a cognitive inhibition theory of creativity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Claridge, Gordon; McDonald, Anna] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. RP Claridge, G (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, England. EM gordon.claridge@psy.ox.ac.uk CR ANDREASEN NC, 1987, AM J PSYCHIAT, V144, P1288 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Baron-Cohen S, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P361, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1206 BEECH A, 1987, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V78, P349 BROD JH, 1997, SCHIZOTYPY IMPLICATI, P12305 BURCH GS, 2006, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V37, P177 Claridge G, 2009, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V46, P820, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.015 CLARIDGE G, 1997, SCHIZOTYPY IMPLICATI, P12305 CLARIDGE G, 2009, HDB PERSONALITY, P631 CROPLEY AJ, 1968, BRIT J EDUC PSYCHOL, V38, P197 CROPLEY AJ, 1969, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V60, P395 DAVISONJENKINS A, 2003, CONVERGENT DIV UNPUB, P12305 DYKES M, 1976, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V128, P50, DOI 10.1192/bjp.128.1.50 Eysenck H. 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Individ. Differ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 8 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.018 PG 6 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 442DL UT WOS:000265820100006 ER PT J AU Tanimura, Y Ogoegbunam, FC Lewis, MH AF Tanimura, Yoko Ogoegbunam, Francis Chukwuemeka Lewis, Mark H. TI Amphetamine-induced sensitization and spontaneous stereotypy in deer mice SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Dopamine; Repetitive behavior; Environmental restriction; Neurodevelopmental disorders ID BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; EXPRESSION; STRESS; AUTISM; ADDICTION; INDUCTION; COCAINE AB Stereotyped behavior is commonly observed in neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism, intellectual and developmental disability) and in a wide variety of animal species maintained in restricted environments. Stereotyped behavior can also be induced by psychostimulants, an effect potentiated by repeated intermittent exposure to these drugs (behavioral sensitization). The present study evaluated whether similar neuroadaptations in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry underlie the expression and development of spontaneous stereotypy and psychostimulant-induced sensitization. Sensitization was induced in deer mice with the degree of sensitization being dependent on housing condition but not age or environmental context. Environmentally enriched animals showed the least behavioral sensitization. Despite demonstrating robust sensitization in both older and younger animals, independent of context, behavioral sensitization was not associated with any alteration in the development or expression of spontaneous stereotypy in deer mice. Moreover, the frequency of baseline spontaneous stereotypy did not predict response to amphetamine challenge in either sensitized or non-sensitized mice. Thus, the present findings do not support the notion that sensitization-related neuroadaptations in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry are similar to those neuroadaptations that underlie spontaneous or environmentally linked stereotypy. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Mark H.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Lewis, MH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 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Biochem. Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 670 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.03.006 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 452KL UT WOS:000266538800017 PM 19324069 ER PT J AU Carruthers, P AF Carruthers, Peter TI Simulation and the first-person SO PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article ID CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE; MENTAL STATES; SELF; MIND; INFANTS; AUTISM; ATTRIBUTION; 2-YEAR-OLDS; KNOWLEDGE; INTENTION AB This article focuses on, and critiques, Goldman's view that third-person mind-reading is grounded in first-person introspection. It argues, on the contrary, that first-person awareness of propositional attitude events is always interpretative, resulting from us turning our mind-reading abilities upon ourselves. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Philosophy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 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Sonnenblick, Lisa I. Retuerto, Ana I. Alvarez Imielinski, Marcin Hadley, Dexter Bradfield, Jonathan P. Kim, Cecilia Gidaya, Nicole B. Lindquist, Ingrid Hutman, Ted Sigman, Marian Kustanovich, Vlad Lajonchere, Clara M. Singleton, Andrew Kim, Junhyong Wassink, Thomas H. McMahon, William M. Owley, Thomas Sweeney, John A. Coon, Hilary Nurnberger, John I., Jr. Li, Mingyao Cantor, Rita M. Minshew, Nancy J. Sutcliffe, James S. Cook, Edwin H. Dawson, Geraldine Buxbaum, Joseph D. Grant, Struan F. A. Schellenberg, Gerard D. Geschwind, Daniel H. Hakonarson, Hakon TI Genome-Wide Analyses of Exonic Copy Number Variants in a Family-Based Study Point to Novel Autism Susceptibility Genes SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL VARIANTS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; HIGH-FREQUENCY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISRUPTION; PHENOTYPES; MUTATIONS; LINKAGE AB The genetics underlying the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is complex and remains poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated an important role for structural variation in a subset of cases, but has lacked the resolution necessary to move beyond detection of large regions of potential interest to identification of individual genes. To pinpoint genes likely to contribute to ASD etiology, we performed high density genotyping in 912 multiplex families from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection and contrasted results to those obtained for 1,488 healthy controls. Through prioritization of exonic deletions (eDels), exonic duplications (eDups), and whole gene duplication events (gDups), we identified more than 150 loci harboring rare variants in multiple unrelated probands, but no controls. Importantly, 27 of these were confirmed on examination of an independent replication cohort comprised of 859 cases and an additional 1,051 controls. Rare variants at known loci, including exonic deletions at NRXN1 and whole gene duplications encompassing UBE3A and several other genes in the 15q11-q13 region, were observed in the course of these analyses. Strong support was likewise observed for previously unreported genes such as BZRAP1, an adaptor molecule known to regulate synaptic transmission, with eDels or eDups observed in twelve unrelated cases but no controls (p = 2.3x10(-5)). Less is known about MDGA2, likewise observed to be case-specific (p = 1.3x10(-4)). But, it is notable that the encoded protein shows an unexpectedly high similarity to Contactin 4 (BLAST E-value = 3610 239), which has also been linked to disease. That hundreds of distinct rare variants were each seen only once further highlights complexity in the ASDs and points to the continued need for larger cohorts. C1 [Bucan, Maja; Kustanovich, Vlad; Lajonchere, Clara M.; Cantor, Rita M.; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Autism Speaks, Autism Genet Resource Exchange, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bucan, Maja; Wang, Kai; Hadley, Dexter; Gidaya, Nicole B.; Lindquist, Ingrid] Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bucan, Maja; Kim, Junhyong] Univ Penn, Penn Ctr Bioinformat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Abrahams, Brett S.; Herman, Edward I.; Sonnenblick, Lisa I.; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Wang, Kai; Glessner, Joseph T.; Imielinski, Marcin; Bradfield, Jonathan P.; Kim, Cecilia; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Retuerto, Ana I. Alvarez; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Retuerto, Ana I. Alvarez; Hutman, Ted; Sigman, Marian; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res, Semel Inst Neurosci & Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hadley, Dexter; Kim, Junhyong] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lajonchere, Clara M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Singleton, Andrew] NIA, Porter Neurosci Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wassink, Thomas H.] Univ Iowa, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [McMahon, William M.; Coon, Hilary] Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Owley, Thomas; Sweeney, John A.; Cook, Edwin H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Nurnberger, John I., Jr.] Indiana Univ, Dept Psychiat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Li, Mingyao] Univ Penn, Dept Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cantor, Rita M.; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Dept Genet, New York, NY USA. [Buxbaum, Joseph D.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Seaver Autism Ctr Res & Treatment, Dept Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. [Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon] Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schellenberg, Gerard D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bucan, M (reprint author), Autism Speaks, Autism Genet Resource Exchange, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM bucan@pobox.upenn.edu; hakonarson@chop.edu RI Singleton, Andrew/C-3010-2009; Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012 OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007 FU National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810]; Penn/CHOP Center for Autism Research; NIH [R01MH604687]; NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Award; Pennsylvania Commonwealth HRFF [P20-GM69012]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging [1 Z01 AG000949-02]; Tourette Syndrome Association; Autism Center of Excellence Award [P50HD055784-01]; Autism Center of Excellence Genetics Network [MH081754]; Margaret Q. Landenberger Foundation; Cotswold Foundation [UL1-RR024134-03]; Institutional Development Award FX The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M. Lajonchere (PI). This work is supported by a seed grant from Penn/CHOP Center for Autism Research, by NIH grant R01MH604687, and a NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Award (MB); by Pennsylvania Commonwealth HRFF and P20-GM69012 (JK); by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (1 Z01 AG000949-02 to AS); by a fellowship from the Tourette Syndrome Association (BSA); by an Autism Center of Excellence Award (P50HD055784-01 to MS, DHG, co-PI); by an Autism Center of Excellence Genetics Network grant (MH081754 to DHG); by a Research Award from the Margaret Q. Landenberger Foundation (HH); by a Research Development Award from the Cotswold Foundation (HH and SFAG); and by UL1-RR024134-03 (HH). The genotyping and other aspects of the study were funded by an Institutional Development Award to the Center for Applied Genomics (HH) from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 AR e1000536 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000536 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 476MA UT WOS:000268444600011 PM 19557195 ER PT J AU Webber, C Hehir-Kwa, JY Nguyen, DQ de Vries, BBA Veltman, JA Ponting, CP AF Webber, Caleb Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y. Nguyen, Duc-Quang de Vries, Bert B. A. Veltman, Joris A. Ponting, Chris P. TI Forging Links between Human Mental Retardation-Associated CNVs and Mouse Gene Knockout Models SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; GENOME DATABASE MGD; CLEFT-PALATE; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; SCHWANN-CELLS; MICE LACKING; FOREBRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; VARIANTS AB Rare copy number variants (CNVs) are frequently associated with common neurological disorders such as mental retardation (MR; learning disability), autism, and schizophrenia. CNV screening in clinical practice is limited because pathological CNVs cannot be distinguished routinely from benign CNVs, and because genes underlying patients' phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we present a novel, statistically robust approach that forges links between 148 MR-associated CNVs and phenotypes from,5,000 mouse gene knockout experiments. These CNVs were found to be significantly enriched in two classes of genes, those whose mouse orthologues, when disrupted, result in either abnormal axon or dopaminergic neuron morphologies. Additional enrichments highlighted correspondences between relevant mouse phenotypes and secondary presentations such as brain abnormality, cleft palate, and seizures. The strength of these phenotype enrichments (>100% increases) greatly exceeded molecular annotations (<30% increases) and allowed the identification of 78 genes that may contribute to MR and associated phenotypes. This study is the first to demonstrate how the power of mouse knockout data can be systematically exploited to better understand genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders. C1 [Webber, Caleb; Nguyen, Duc-Quang; Ponting, Chris P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genom Unit, Oxford, England. [Hehir-Kwa, Jayne Y.; de Vries, Bert B. A.; Veltman, Joris A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Webber, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genom Unit, Oxford, England. EM j.veltman@antrg.umcn.nl; chris.ponting@dpag.ox.ac.uk RI Veltman, Joris/F-5128-2010 FU UK Medical Research Council; Swiss National Science Foundation; Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; EU FX The following organisations provided funding for this work: UK Medical Research Council (CW, CPP; www.mrc.ac.uk), Berrow Lord Florey scholarship (DQN; www.berrow.org), the Swiss National Science Foundation (DQN; www.snf.ch), the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (BBAdV and JAV; www.zonmw.nl), and the EU-sponsored AnEUploidy project (BBAdeV and JAV; www.aneuploidy.eu). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 AR e1000531 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000531 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 476MA UT WOS:000268444600006 PM 19557186 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Macbeth, AH Pagani, JH Young, WS AF Lee, Heon-Jin Macbeth, Abbe H. Pagani, Jerome H. Young, W. Scott, III TI Oxytocin: The great facilitator of life SO PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Vasopressin; Social recognition; Stress; Anxiety; Autism; Schizophrenia; Aggression; Sexual behavior; Bonding ID VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; FEMALE PRAIRIE VOLES; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; RECEPTOR GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA; MATERNAL AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; VASOPRESSIN-BINDING-SITES; ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR AB Oxytocin (Oxt) is a nonapeptide hormone best known for its role in lactation and parturition. Since 1906 when its uteri ne-contracting properties were described until 50 years later when its sequence was elucidated, research has focused on its peripheral roles in reproduction. only over the past several decades have researchers focused on what functions Oxt might have in the brain, the subject of this review. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are the neurons of origin for the Oxt released from the posterior pituitary. Smaller cells in various parts of the brain. as well as release from magnocellular dendrites, provide the Oxt responsible for modulating various behaviors at its only identified receptor. Although Oxt is implicated in a variety of "non-social" behaviors, such as learning, anxiety, feeding and pain perception, it is Oxt's roles in various social behaviors that have come to the fore recently. Oxt is important for social memory and attachment, sexual and maternal behavior, and aggression. Recent work implicates Oxt in human bonding and trust as well. Human disorders characterized by aberrant social interactions, such as autism and schizophrenia, may also involve Oxt expression. Many, if not most, of Oxt's functions, from social interactions (affiliation, aggression) and sexual behavior to eventual parturition, lactation and maternal behavior, may be viewed as specifically facilitating species propagation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Heon-Jin; Macbeth, Abbe H.; Pagani, Jerome H.; Young, W. Scott, III] NIMH, Sect Neural Gene Express, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Young, WS (reprint author), 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 49,Room 5A60, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wsy@mail.nih.gov RI Young, W/A-9333-2009 OI Young, W/0000-0001-6614-5112 FU NIMH [Z01-MH-002498-20] FX This work was supported by the NIMH Intramural Research Program (Z01-MH-002498-20). 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For example, a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5HTTLPR long/short polymorphism) has been reported to confer risk for ASDs, and to affect cortical grey matter volume in young children. However, the persistence of this association later in development is unknown. Hence, we investigated whether variation in the 5HTTLPR long/short polymorphism modulates brain anatomy in older people with ASD. We related 5HTTLPR long/short polymorphism in 43 adolescents and adults with ASD to brain anatomy using structural magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry. There were no significant associations between brain anatomy and genotype. When considered alongside evidence of a relationship between 5HTTLPR genotype and brain volume amongst children with autism, our findings raise the possibility that the relationship between 5HTTLPR polymorphism and brain anatomy in ASDs anatomy may differ as a function of age and/or ASD subdiagnosis. 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RP Moffic, HS (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. CR BARNBAUM DR, 2008, ETHICS AUTISM AMONG NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 60 IS 6 BP 853 EP 854 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 451TS UT WOS:000266493800029 ER PT J AU Smith, A AF Smith, Adam TI THE EMPATHY IMBALANCE HYPOTHESIS OF AUTISM: A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL EMPATHY IN AUTISTIC DEVELOPMENT SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; NEGATIVE EMOTIONS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; MIMICRY REACTIONS; CHILDREN; RESPONSES; OTHERS; PSYCHOPATHY AB There has been a widely held belief that people with autism spectrum disorders lack empathy. This article examines the empathy imbalance hypothesis (EIH) of autism. According to this account, people with autism have a deficit of cognitive empathy but a surfeit of emotional empathy. The behavioral characteristics of autism might be generated by this imbalance and a susceptibility to empathic overarousal. The EIH builds on the theory of mind account and provides an alternative to the extreme-male-brain theory of autism. Empathy surfeit is a recurrent theme in autistic narratives, and empirical evidence for the EIH is growing. A modification of the pictorial emotional Stroop paradigm could facilitate an experimental test of the EIH. C1 Dryburgh Ind Estate, Dundee DD2 3QQ, Scotland. RP Smith, A (reprint author), Dryburgh Ind Estate, 7 Faraday St, Dundee DD2 3QQ, Scotland. 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PD SUM PY 2009 VL 59 IS 3 BP 489 EP 510 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 493HL UT WOS:000269727300009 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Genetic links to autism SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 456QJ UT WOS:000266861900016 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Autism and talent SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD JUN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 477 EP 477 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 456QJ UT WOS:000266861900023 ER PT J AU Henningsson, S Jonsson, L Ljunggren, E Westberg, L Gillberg, C Rastam, M Anckarsater, H Nygren, G Landen, M Thuresson, K Betancur, C Leboyer, M Gillberg, C Eriksson, E Melke, J AF Henningsson, Susanne Jonsson, Lina Ljunggren, Elin Westberg, Lars Gillberg, Carina Rastam, Maria Anckarsater, Henrik Nygren, Gudrun Landen, Mikael Thuresson, Kent Betancur, Catalina Leboyer, Marion Gillberg, Christopher Eriksson, Elias Melke, Jonas TI Possible association between the androgen receptor gene and autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Androgens; Testosterone; Polymorphism; CAG repeat; GGN repeat; Rs6152 ID CAG REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; X-CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; GGN REPEAT; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CELL-LINES; LENGTH; WOMEN AB Autism is a highly heritable disorder but the specific genes involved remain largely unknown. The higher prevalence of autism in men than in women, in conjunction with a number of other observations, has led to the suggestion that prenatal brain exposure to androgens may be of importance for the development of this condition. Prompted by this hypothesis, we investigated the potential influence of variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the susceptibility for autism. To this end, 267 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 617 controls were genotyped for three polymorphisms in exon I of the AR gene: the CAG repeat, the GGN repeat and the rs6152 SNP. In addition, parents and affected siblings were genotyped for 118 and 32 of the cases, respectively. Case-control comparisons revealed higher prevalence of short CAG alleles as well as of the A allele of the rs6152 SNP in female cases than in controls, but revealed no significant differences with respect to the GGN repeat. Analysis of the 118 families using transmission disequilibrium test, on the other hand, suggested an association with the GGN polymorphism, the rare 20-repeat allele being undertransmitted to male cases and the 23-repeat allele being overtransmitted to female cases. Sequencing of the AR gene in 46 patients revealed no mutations or rare variants. The results tend some support for an influence of the studied polymorphisms on the susceptibility for autism, but argue against the possibility that mutations in the AR gene are common in subjects with this condition. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Henningsson, Susanne; Jonsson, Lina; Ljunggren, Elin; Westberg, Lars; Eriksson, Elias; Melke, Jonas] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Anckarsater, Henrik] Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Landen, Mikael] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm Ctr Psychiat Res, Stockholm, Sweden. [Thuresson, Kent] Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem, Neuropsychiat Unit,Molndals Hosp, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Betancur, Catalina] INSERM, U513, Paris, France. [Betancur, Catalina] Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Leboyer, Marion] INSERM, U 841, IMRB, Dept Genet, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Univ Paris 12, Fac Med, IFR10, F-94000 Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] AP HP, Grp Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, F-94000 Creteil, France. RP Henningsson, S (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Dept Pharmacol, Box 431, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM susanne.henningsson@pharm.gu.se RI Anckarsater, Henrik/C-2244-2009 FU Swedish Research Council [6588, 8668, 2006-3449]; Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation; INSERM; Foundation Orange; Brain Power Consortium; Swedish Knowledge Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX We are grateful for the skilful assistance of technicians Gunilla Bourghardt and Inger Oscarsson and nurse Carina Algede. This work has been supported by the Swedish Research Council (6588, 8668 and 2006-3449), the Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation, the INSERM, Foundation Orange and the Brain Power Consortium, and by the Swedish Knowledge Foundation through the Industrial PhD programme in Medical Bioinformatics at the Strategy and Development Office at Karolinska Institutet. We would like to thank The SWEGENE Gbteborg Genomics Core Facility platform, funded by a grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. 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TI Anxiety in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Anxiety; ASD; Prevalence; Assessment ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PDD-NOS; SYMPTOMS; DISABILITIES; ATTRIBUTION; INTERVIEW; SCHEDULE; FEARS; RATES AB Anxiety symptoms and disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although they are often unrecognized or misdiagnosed. The purpose of the present review is to (1) provide clinicians with practical information on assessment and diagnosis of co-morbid anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD, (2) summarize and critically examine the literature on anxiety in children and adolescents with ASD, and (3) recommend avenues for future research in this area. A review of the literature yielded several recommendations for the assessment of anxiety in youth with ASD. It was concluded that comprehensive assessments of anxiety in ASD populations Should Use multiple informants, multimodal assessment techniques, and standardized assessment methods that are appropriate for clinical use in ASD samples. Overall, Studies suggest that Youth with ASD experience greater levels of anxiety than community populations, similar levels of anxiety to clinically anxious groups, and different patterns of anxiety when compared to other clinical groups. Although existing studies are methodologically fair, their correspondence with clinical recommendations for assessment is poor. Recommencladons to improve of the quality of empirical studies and directions for future research are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [MacNeil, Bonnie M.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP MacNeil, BM (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Psychol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.06.001 PG 21 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100001 ER PT J AU Pan, CY AF Pan, Chien-Yu TI Age, social engagement, and physical activity in children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Age; Social engagement; Physical activity; Autism ID MOVEMENT DIFFICULTIES; ACTIVITY-DEFICIT; HYPOTHESIS; YOUTH; DISABILITIES; FREQUENCY; PATTERNS; PLAY AB Although engagement in social interactions is one of the key diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), few studies have examined if social engagement related to physical activity of children with ASD. Age is another variable of interest to researchers Studying behaviors, but has not been explored in physical activity and social engagement in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of age, social engagement and physical activity in children with ASD. Twenty-five children with ASD participated. Each child's physical activity and social engagement was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer and the direct observational assessment. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations and influences of selected variables. Age had somewhat positive influences on both physical activity and social engagement, and children with frequent social engagement with adults had displayed higher levels of physical activity. No evidence was found to support the notion that children with ASD become more inactive and more isolate as they age: however, limitations and directions for future research in this area are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. RP Pan, CY (reprint author), Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 116 He Ping 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. EM chpan@nknucc.nknu.edu.tw CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bouffard M, 1996, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V13, P61 Cairney J, 2006, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V23, P261 Freedson P. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.03.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100002 ER PT J AU Machalicek, W O'Reilly, M Chan, JM Rispoli, M Lang, R Davis, T Shogren, K Sorrells, A Lancioni, G Sigafoos, J Green, V Langthorne, P AF Machalicek, Wendy O'Reilly, Mark Chan, Jeffrey M. Rispoli, Mandy Lang, Russell Davis, Tonya Shogren, Karrie Sorrells, Audrey Lancioni, Giulio Sigafoos, Jeff Green, Vanessa Langthorne, Paul TI Using videoconferencing to support teachers to conduct preference assessments with students with autism and developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Videoconferencing; Preference assessment; Teachers ID EDUCATION; TRIAL AB We used widely available videoconferencing equipment to support teachers to conduct preference assessments for three students with autism and developmental disabilities. Supervisors located at a university used videoconferencing equipment to collect data on students' choice of items, the fidelity of teacher implementation of the assessment protocol, and to provide feedback to the teachers. Preference assessment results suggested a number of potentially reinforcing items for each student. in a second phase of the study, the students were given a routine classroom task to complete (i.e., clean up). The Students could choose to complete the clean up task and gain access to a neutral item or one of the highly preferred items identified in the prior preference assessment. All students predominantly chose to complete the task in order to access a preferred item identified in the preference assessment. The results of this classroom intervention validated the results of the preference assessments. The findings of this study provide preliminary support for the use of videoconferencing equipment when supporting teaching personnel during common educational assessments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Reilly, Mark] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Sigafoos, Jeff; Green, Vanessa] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Langthorne, Paul] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. RP O'Reilly, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, 1 Univ Stn,D5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 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L., 2005, RURAL SPECIAL ED Q, V24, P15 O'Reilly M, 1994, TEACHER ED SPECIAL E, V17, P170 Tousignant M, 2006, Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, V1, P209, DOI 10.1080/17483100600776965 *US DEP ED, 2004, PERSONNEL Westling DL, 1996, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V62, P319 Zarate CA, 1997, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V58, P22, DOI 10.4088/JCP.v58n0104 1997, INDIVIDUALS DISABILI NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.03.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100003 ER PT J AU Klein, JL MacDonald, RPF Vaillancourt, G Ahearn, WH Dube, WV AF Klein, Jennifer L. MacDonald, Rebecca P. F. Vaillancourt, Gretchen Ahearn, William H. Dube, William V. TI Teaching discrimination of adult gaze direction to children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Gatlinburg Conference on Research and Theory in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities CY MAR, 2006 CL Gatlinburg, TN DE Joint attention; Gaze shift; Gaze following; Autism; Children ID JOINT ATTENTION; INFANTS AB Three young children diagnosed with autism did not reliably locate objects in the environment on the basis of an adult's gaze shifts. A training program designed to teach gaze following used the activation of remote controlled mechanical toys as both prompts and consequences. Over several training sessions, toy activation was progressively delayed following the adult's gaze-shift cues. All of the children eventually came to anticipate the toy activation and locate the target object on the basis of the adult's gaze-shift cue alone. Discrimination of another person's gaze direction is discussed in relation to joint attention deficits in children with autism. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dube, William V.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Psychol Sci Div, Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. [Klein, Jennifer L.; MacDonald, Rebecca P. F.; Vaillancourt, Gretchen; Ahearn, William H.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA USA. RP Dube, WV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Psychol Sci Div, Shriver Ctr, 200 Trapelo Rd, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.03.006 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100004 ER PT J AU Da Fonseca, D Santos, A Bastard-Rosset, D Rondan, C Poinso, F Deruelle, C AF Da Fonseca, David Santos, Andreia Bastard-Rosset, Delphine Rondan, Cecilie Poinso, Francois Deruelle, Christine TI Can children with autistic spectrum disorders extract emotions out of contextual cues? SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorders; Autism; Visual processing; Emotion; Context; Development ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FACE; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; ADOLESCENTS; INFORMATION; ABILITY; PEOPLE AB The aim of the present study was to determine whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are able to recognize facial expressions of emotion and objects missing on the basis of contextual cues. While most of these studies focused on facial emotion recognition, here we examined the ability to extract emotional information on the basis contextual cues. Nineteen children and adolescents with ASD were asked to recognize emotions and objects (control condition) masked within visual scenes and their performance was compared to that of 19 typically developing controls matched on chronological age and gender. Results revealed that children with ASD were able to use contextual cues to recognize objects but not emotions. Findings of this study are discussed within the framework of specific emotional processing deficits in ASD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Da Fonseca, David; Santos, Andreia; Bastard-Rosset, Delphine; Rondan, Cecilie; Poinso, Francois; Deruelle, Christine] CNRS, Mediterranean Inst Cognit Neurosci, UMR 6193, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. [Da Fonseca, David; Poinso, Francois] St Marguerite Hosp, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Unit, Marseille, France. RP Da Fonseca, D (reprint author), CNRS, Mediterranean Inst Cognit Neurosci, UMR 6193, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.04.001 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100005 ER PT J AU Fazzio, D Martin, GL Arnal, L Yu, DCT AF Fazzio, Daniela Martin, Garry L. Arnal, Lindsay Yu, Dickie C. T. TI Instructing university students to conduct discrete-trials teaching with children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Discrete-trials teaching; Teaching university students to apply discrete-trials teaching ID IMPLEMENTATION; TEACHERS; SKILLS AB Although the demand for training individuals to implement discrete-trials teaching (DTT) is high, Published studies oil strategies to do so are few. We used a modified multiple-baseline design across participants to evaluate a training package for teaching university students to implement a 19-component DTT procedure to teach three tasks to a confederate role-playing a child with autism. Also, in an AB within-subject design with each participant, we compared the two components of the training package, a self-instructional manual and feedback plus demonstration. After an average of 2.6 h to master the training manual, participants' DTT accuracy while teaching a confederate improved from 34% in baseline to 66%. After one to three sessions of feedback plus demonstration of teaching one task, DTT performance averaged 92% on that task. Participants' DTT performance generalized to the other two tasks (mean accuracy of 94%) and to teaching the tasks to a child with autism (mean accuracy of 91%). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fazzio, Daniela; Martin, Garry L.; Arnal, Lindsay; Yu, Dickie C. 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PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.04.002 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 408DM UT WOS:000263414100006 ER EF