FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wu, CC Chiang, CH Hou, YM AF Wu, Chin-Chin Chiang, Chung-Hsin Hou, Yuh-Ming TI A Two Time Point Study of Imitative Abilities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; imitation; style of imitation ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; OBJECT; PLAY AB Background Researchers have used various paradigms to explore the universality and specificity of imitation deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, some issues still need to be investigated, especially for children with ASDs under the age of 4. Method Two studies were conducted to examine the imitative abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders. Study 1 examined immediate and deferred imitation abilities in 18 children with ASDs, 18 children with developmental delay (DD), and 19 typically developing children (mean ages of all groups were below 4 years). Four tasks were used to evaluate immediate imitation abilities: meaningful actions on objects, non-meaningful actions on objects, manual movements, and oral-facial movements. Eighteen months after study 1 was completed, study 2 examined advanced imitative abilities in 11 children with ASDs and 11 children with DD from study 1. Results The results of study 1 indicated that, compared to the two control groups, children with ASDs experienced significant difficulty in imitating non-meaningful actions only. The findings of study 2 suggested that children with ASDs were still significantly impaired on the imitation of single non-meaningful actions compared to children with DD. Conclusions The relationships between specific imitation deficits, executive functioning, and shared intentionality in children with ASDs are further discussed. C1 [Chiang, Chung-Hsin] Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Psychol, Taipei 11605, Taiwan. [Chiang, Chung-Hsin] Natl Chengchi Univ, Res Ctr Mind Brain & Learning, Taipei 11605, Taiwan. [Wu, Chin-Chin] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Psychol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Hou, Yuh-Ming] Chia Yi Christian Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Chai Yi City, Taiwan. RP Chiang, CH (reprint author), Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Psychol, 64,Sec2,ZhiNan Rd, Taipei 11605, Taiwan. 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Clancy, Christine Shiloff, Deborah Foreman, Derek Holden, Jeanette Jones, Cheryl Paulson, K. Summers, Randy Yu, C. T. Chudley, Albert E. TI Functional Evaluation of Hidden Figures Object Analysis in Children with Autistic Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Disorder (AD); Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Embedded Figures Task (EFT); Hidden Figures Task (HFT); Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; LOCAL VISUAL-SEARCH; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; WORKING-MEMORY; DISEMBEDDING PERFORMANCE; TASK-PERFORMANCE; NEURAL SYSTEM; ATTENTION AB Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a hidden figures task (HFT) was used to compare differences in brain function in children diagnosed with autism disorder (AD) compared to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typical controls (TC). 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[Holden, Jeanette] Autism Spectrum Disorders Res Program Ongwanada, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Yu, C. T.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Yu, C. T.] St Amant Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Chudley, Albert E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Chudley, Albert E.] Childrens Hosp, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada. RP Malisza, KL (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biodiagnost, 435 Ellice Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 1Y6, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1017-8 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200004 PM 20467797 ER PT J AU Rommelse, NNJ Peters, CTR Oosterling, IJ Visser, JC Bons, D van Steijn, DJ Draaisma, J van der Gaag, RJ Buitelaar, JK AF Rommelse, Nanda N. J. Peters, Cindy T. R. Oosterling, Iris J. Visser, Janne C. Bons, Danielle van Steijn, Daphne J. Draaisma, Jos van der Gaag, Rutger-Jan Buitelaar, Jan. K. TI A Pilot Study of Abnormal Growth in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Other Childhood Psychiatric Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Growth; Head circumference; Height; Weight; Endophenotype ID HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE GROWTH; BODY-MASS INDEX; 1ST YEAR; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; BRAIN SIZE; 2ND YEAR; LIFE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; HEIGHT AB The aims of the current study were to examine whether early growth abnormalities are (a) comparable in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other childhood psychiatric disorders, and (b) specific to the brain or generalized to the whole body. Head circumference, height, and weight were measured during the first 19 months of life in 129 children with ASD and 59 children with non-ASD psychiatric disorders. Both groups showed comparable abnormal patterns of growth compared to population norms, especially regarding height and head circumference in relation to height. Thus abnormal growth appears to be related to psychiatric disorders in general and is mainly expressed as an accelerated growth of height not matched by an increase in weight or head circumference. C1 [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Peters, Cindy T. R.; Oosterling, Iris J.; Visser, Janne C.; Bons, Danielle; van Steijn, Daphne J.; van der Gaag, Rutger-Jan; Buitelaar, Jan. K.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; van der Gaag, Rutger-Jan; Buitelaar, Jan. K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Buitelaar, Jan. K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Draaisma, Jos] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Rommelse, NNJ (reprint author), Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM n.lambregts-rommelse@psy.umcn.nl; cindypeters18@hotmail.com; i.oosterling@karakter.com; j.visser@karakter.com; d.bons@karakter.com; d.vansteijn@karakter.com; J.Draaisma@cukz.umcn.nl; r.vandergaag@karakter.com; j.buitelaar@psy.umcn.nl RI Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Rommelse, Nanda/D-4872-2009; Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; Rommelse, Nanda/0000-0002-1711-0359; CR Amaral DG, 2008, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V31, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bartholomeusz HH, 2002, NEUROPEDIATRICS, V33, P239, DOI 10.1055/s-2002-36735 BENJAMINI Y, 1995, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V57, P289 CARMICHAEL CM, 1995, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V50, pB237 Carper RA, 2002, NEUROIMAGE, V16, P1038, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2002.1099 Chawarska K, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P128, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01685.x Courchesne E, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P245 Courchesne E, 1997, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V7, P269, DOI 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80016-5 Courchesne E, 2003, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V290, P337, DOI 10.1001/jama.290.3.337 Courchesne E, 2004, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V17, P489, DOI 10.1097/01.wco.0000137542.14610.b4 Dawson G, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V61, P458, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.016 Dementieva YA, 2005, PEDIATR NEUROL, V32, P102, DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.08.005 Dissanayake C, 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V18, P381, DOI 10.1017/S0954579406060202 Elder LM, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1104, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0495-9 Fredriks AM, 2000, PEDIATR RES, V47, P316, DOI 10.1203/00006450-200003000-00006 Fukumoto A, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P411, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0405-1 Gillberg C, 2002, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V44, P296 Gottesman II, 2003, AM J PSYCHIAT, V160, P636, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 Hazlett HC, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P1366, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1366 Ji C, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P70 Lainhart JE, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P282, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 Lainhart JE, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P2257, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 Lawler CP, 2004, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V10, P292, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20043 Lord C., 2001, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Losh M, 2008, J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR, V67, P829, DOI 10.1097/NEN.0b013e318184482d Maes HHM, 1997, BEHAV GENET, V27, P325, DOI 10.1023/A:1025635913927 Mills JL, 2007, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V67, P230, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02868.x Mraz KD, 2007, J CHILD NEUROL, V22, P700, DOI 10.1177/0883073807304005 Mullen E, 1995, MULLEN SCALES EARLY Oosterling I. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1026-7 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200005 PM 20428954 ER PT J AU South, M Dana, J White, SE Crowley, MJ AF South, Mikle Dana, Julianne White, Sarah E. Crowley, Michael J. TI Failure is Not an Option: Risk-Taking is Moderated by Anxiety and Also by Cognitive Ability in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety; Risk-taking; Decision-making; Amygdala; Orbitofrontal cortex ID SOMATIC MARKER HYPOTHESIS; IOWA GAMBLING TASK; DECISION-MAKING; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; AMYGDALA THEORY; PERSONALITY; MOTIVATION; EMOTION; CONNECTIVITY AB Understanding hetereogeneity in symptom expression across the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a major challenge for identifying causes and effective treatments. In 40 children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD and 37 IQ-and age-matched comparison participants (the TYP group), we found no differences in summary measures on an experimental risk-taking task. However, anxiety and IQ predicted risk-taking only in the ASD group. Risk-taking was correlated with behavioral inhibition in the ASD group and behavioral activation in the TYP group. We suggest that performance on the task was motivated by fear of failure in the ASD group and by sensitivity to reward in the TYP group. Behavioral markers of anxiety and cognitive ability may improve conceptualization of heterogeneity in ASD. C1 [South, Mikle; Dana, Julianne] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [South, Mikle; Dana, Julianne] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Neurosci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [South, Mikle; White, Sarah E.] Brigham Young Univ, Ctr Neurosci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Crowley, Michael J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP South, M (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, 245 TLRB,1190 North 900 East, Provo, UT 84602 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1021-z PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200006 PM 20414800 ER PT J AU Bolte, S Westerwald, E Holtmann, M Freitag, C Poustka, F AF Bolte, Sven Westerwald, Eva Holtmann, Martin Freitag, Christine Poustka, Fritz TI Autistic Traits and Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Clinical Validity of Two Measures Presuming a Continuum of Social Communication Skills SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE PDD; Assessment; Screening; Questionnaire; Psychometrics; Diagnostics ID OBSERVATION-SCHEDULE ADOS; GENERAL-POPULATION; GERMAN FORM; RELIABILITY; CHILDREN; VERSION; HERITABILITY; COMPETENCE; INTERVIEW; QUOTIENT AB Research indicates that autism is the extreme end of a continuously distributed trait. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) aim to assess autistic traits. The objective of this study was to compare their clinical validity. The SRS showed sensitivities of .74 to .80 and specificities of .69 to 1.00 for autism. Sensitivities were .85 to .90 and specificities .28 to.82 for the SCDC. Correlations with the ADI-R, ADOS and SCQ were higher for the SRS than for the SCDC. The SCDC seems superior to the SRS to screen for unspecific social and communicative deficits including autism. The SRS appears more suitable than the SCDC in clinical settings and for specific autism screening. C1 [Bolte, Sven] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Dept Woman & Child Hlth, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bolte, Sven; Holtmann, Martin] Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. [Bolte, Sven; Westerwald, Eva; Holtmann, Martin; Freitag, Christine; Poustka, Fritz] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Frankfurt, Germany. [Holtmann, Martin] Ruhr Univ Bochum, LWL Hosp Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Bochum, Germany. RP Bolte, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Dept Woman & Child Hlth, Q2 07, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. 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L., 1949, PERSONNEL SELECTION Williams JG, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1731, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0558-6 Witwer AN, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1611, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0541-2 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1024-9 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200007 PM 20422277 ER PT J AU Castorina, LL Negri, LM AF Castorina, Lia L. Negri, Lisa M. TI The Inclusion of Siblings in Social Skills Training Groups for Boys With Asperger Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Autism; Social skills; Social skills training ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERCEPTION MEASURE; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; PEERS; INTERVENTION; INDIVIDUALS; STUDENTS AB This pilot investigation evaluated the effectiveness of siblings as generalisation agents in an 8-week social skills training (SST) program designed for boys with Asperger syndrome (AS). Twenty-one boys aged 8-12 participated in a SST group alone, with a sibling, or remained in a wait-list control group. After training, participants' identification of non-verbal social cues significantly improved and was maintained at 3-month follow-up, irrespective of sibling involvement. Similar trends existed for participants' ability to accurately interpret emotions relative to controls. Improvements did not extend to parent and teacher ratings on standardised social skills measures, suggesting poor generalisation, or questionable sensitivity of measures to taught skills. Results suggest some promise in improving social skills training for children with AS. C1 [Negri, Lisa M.] Negri Psychol Consulting, Kew, Vic 3101, Australia. [Castorina, Lia L.; Negri, Lisa M.] RMIT Univ, Div Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Castorina, Lia L.] Autism Victoria, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. RP Negri, LM (reprint author), Negri Psychol Consulting, Suite 402,1 Princess St, Kew, Vic 3101, Australia. EM negriconsulting@me.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Attwood T., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P85, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001006 Attwood T., 1998, ASPERGERS SYNDROME G Barnhill G. 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P., 2001, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V67, P151 Spence S. H., 1995, SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINI Tabachnick B., 2007, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V5th NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1023-x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200008 PM 20461452 ER PT J AU Virues-Ortega, J Segui-Duran, D Descalzo-Quero, A Carnerero, JJ Martin, N AF Virues-Ortega, Javier Segui-Duran, David Descalzo-Quero, Alberto Julio Carnerero, Jose Martin, Neil TI Caregivers' Agreement and Validity of Indirect Functional Analysis: A Cross Cultural Evaluation Across Multiple Problem Behavior Topographies SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Motivation assessment scale; Autism; Functional analysis; Indirect methods ID MOTIVATION ASSESSMENT SCALE; IQOLA PROJECT APPROACH; HEALTH-STATUS; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; ABERRANT BEHAVIOR; FUNCTION QABF; QUESTIONS; QUALITY; METHODOLOGIES AB The Motivation Assessment Scale is an aid for hypothesis-driven functional analysis. This study presents its Spanish cross-cultural validation while examining psychometric attributes not yet explored. The study sample comprised 80 primary caregivers of children with autism. Acceptability, scaling assumptions, internal consistency, factor structure, inter-assessor reliability and agreement, and known-group validity analyses were performed. Scaling assumptions, internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of 0.75) and factor structure were satisfactory other than for the Escape domain which demonstrated low internal consistency (0.65), inadequate scaling assumptions (multitrait analysis, 50% success rate) and did not constitute a separate factor. Caregivers' agreement for the primary function reached 73.9% and known group-validity hypotheses across behavior topographies were partially met. The clinical appropriateness of the scale is discussed. C1 [Virues-Ortega, Javier] ABA Espana, Madrid 28029, Spain. [Segui-Duran, David] Hosp Univ Carlos Haya, Children Mental Hlth Unit, Malaga, Spain. [Descalzo-Quero, Alberto] Hosp Univ Virgen de las Nieves, Children Mental Hlth Unit, Granada, Spain. [Julio Carnerero, Jose] Ctr Al Mudaris, Cordoba, Spain. [Martin, Neil] European Assoc Behav Anal, London, England. RP Virues-Ortega, J (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM jvortega@cienciaconducta.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BIHM EM, 1991, PSYCHOL REP, V68, P1235, DOI 10.2466/PR0.68.4.1235-1238 Bullinger M, 1998, J CLIN EPIDEMIOL, V51, P913, DOI 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00082-1 *CENTR INT AG A, 2009, WORLD FACTB Crimmins D. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1022-y PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200009 PM 20443134 ER PT J AU Minjarez, MB Williams, SE Mercier, EM Hardan, AY AF Minjarez, Mendy Boettcher Williams, Sharon E. Mercier, Emma M. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Pivotal Response Group Treatment Program for Parents of Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Parent training; Parent education; Behavioral interventions; Group therapy ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INTERVENTION; SPECTRUM; IMPLEMENTATION; PREVALENCE; ATTENTION; FAMILIES; LANGUAGE; INCREASE AB The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders is increasing, necessitating the development of efficient treatment models. Research has demonstrated that parent-delivered behavioral interventions are a viable treatment model; however, little research has focused on teaching parents in groups. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that parents can learn Pivotal Response Training (PRT) in group therapy, resulting in correlated gains in children's language. Baseline and post-treatment data were obtained and examined for changes in (a) parent fidelity of PRT implementation, and (b) child functional verbal utterances. Significant differences were observed for both variables. These findings suggest that parents can learn PRT in a group format, resulting in correlated child language gains, thus future controlled studies are warranted. C1 [Minjarez, Mendy Boettcher] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Autism Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MS CAC, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Minjarez, Mendy Boettcher; Williams, Sharon E.; Mercier, Emma M.; Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mercier, Emma M.] Univ Durham, Durham, England. RP Minjarez, MB (reprint author), Seattle Childrens Hosp, Autism Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, MS CAC, POB 5371, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. EM mendy.minjarez@seattlechildrens.org CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Anan RM, 2008, BEHAV INTERVENT, V23, P165, DOI 10.1002/bin.262 Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Baker B. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1027-6 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200010 PM 20440638 ER PT J AU Tracy, JL Robins, RW Schriber, RA Solomon, M AF Tracy, Jessica L. Robins, Richard W. Schriber, Roberta A. Solomon, Marjorie TI Is Emotion Recognition Impaired in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Emotion recognition; Systematizing; Pride expression ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PRIDE; SALIENCE; DEFICITS; AMYGDALA; FACES AB Researchers have argued that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) use an effortful "systematizing" process to recognize emotion expressions, whereas typically developing (TD) individuals use a more holistic process. If this is the case, individuals with ASDs should show slower and less efficient emotion recognition, particularly for socially complex emotions. We tested this account by assessing the speed and accuracy of emotion recognition while limiting exposure time and response window. Children and adolescents with ASDs showed quick and accurate recognition for most emotions, including pride, a socially complex emotion, and no differences emerged between ASD and TD groups. Furthermore, both groups trended toward higher accuracy when responding quickly, even though systematizing should promote a speed-accuracy trade-off for individuals with ASDs. C1 [Tracy, Jessica L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Robins, Richard W.; Schriber, Roberta A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Solomon, Marjorie] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Imaging Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1030-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200011 PM 20464465 ER PT J AU Daniels, AM Rosenberg, RE Law, JK Lord, C Kaufmann, WE Law, PA AF Daniels, Amy M. Rosenberg, Rebecca E. Law, J. Kiely Lord, Catherine Kaufmann, Walter E. Law, Paul A. TI Stability of Initial Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Community Settings SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Diagnosis stability; Children; Autism spectrum disorders; Community settings ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AGE 2; CHILDREN; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; TIME AB The study's objectives were to assess diagnostic stability of initial autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses in community settings and identify factors associated with diagnostic instability using data from a national Web-based autism registry. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relative risk of change in initial ASD diagnosis as a function of demographic characteristics, diagnostic subtype, environmental factors and natural history. Autistic disorder was the most stable initial diagnosis; pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified was the least stable. Additional factors such as diagnosing clinician, region, when in time a child was initially diagnosed, and history of autistic regression also were significantly associated with diagnostic stability in community settings. Findings suggest that the present classification system and other secular factors may be contributing to increasing instability of community-assigned labels of ASD. C1 [Daniels, Amy M.; Rosenberg, Rebecca E.; Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. [Daniels, Amy M.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Univ Michigan Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr UMACC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Genet Disorders Cognit & Behav, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kaufmann, Walter E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Law, PA (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, 3825 Greenspring Ave,Painter Bldg 1st Floor, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1031-x PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200012 PM 20473589 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, AJO Hickey, M Stanley, FJ Newnham, JP Pennell, CE AF Whitehouse, Andrew J. O. Hickey, Martha Stanley, Fiona J. Newnham, John P. Pennell, Craig E. TI Brief Report: A Preliminary Study of Fetal Head Circumference Growth in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Brain growth; Head circumference; Fetus; Ultrasound ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; BRAIN SIZE; CHILDREN; AGE; ABNORMALITIES; ULTRASOUND AB Fetal head circumference (HC) growth was examined prospectively in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD participants (N = 14) were each matched with four control participants (N = 56) on a range of parameters known to influence fetal growth. HC was measured using ultrasonography at approximately 18 weeks gestation and again at birth using a paper tape-measure. Overall body size was indexed by fetal femur-length and birth length. There was no between-groups difference in head circumference at either time-point. While a small number of children with ASD had disproportionately large head circumference relative to body size at both time-points, the between-groups difference did not reach statistical significance in this small sample. These preliminary findings suggest that further investigation of fetal growth in ASD is warranted. C1 [Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.; Stanley, Fiona J.; Pennell, Craig E.] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6008, Australia. [Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, Neurocognit Dev Unit, Perth, WA 6008, Australia. [Hickey, Martha; Newnham, John P.; Pennell, Craig E.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Womens & Infants Hlth, Perth, WA 6008, Australia. RP Whitehouse, AJO (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, 100 Roberts Rd, Perth, WA 6008, Australia. EM awhitehouse@ichr.uwa.edu CR ACHENBACH TM, 1987, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V15, P629, DOI 10.1007/BF00917246 Association American Psychiatric, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Aylward EH, 2002, NEUROLOGY, V59, P175 Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 Bauman ML, 1994, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P119 Beeby PJ, 1996, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V32, P512, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1996.tb00965.x BRICKER D, 1989, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V9, P67 Cameron N., 1984, MEASUREMENT HUMAN GR Casanova MF, 2006, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V59, p19S Courchesne E, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V57, P245 Fombonne E, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P113, DOI 10.1023/A:1023036509476 HADLOCK FP, 1982, AM J ROENTGENOL, V138, P649 HADLOCK FP, 1984, RADIOLOGY, V152, P497 Hobbs K, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V62, P1048, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.020 Kasprian G, 2008, NEUROIMAGE, V43, P213, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.026 Lainhart JE, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P2257, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 Lan LM, 2000, RADIOLOGY, V215, P205 Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Miles JH, 2000, AM J MED GENET, V95, P339, DOI 10.1002/1096-8628(20001211)95:4<339::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-B Nelson KB, 2001, ANN NEUROL, V49, P597, DOI 10.1002/ana.1024 NEWNHAM JP, 1993, LANCET, V342, P887 Redcay E, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V58, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.026 Sparks BF, 2002, NEUROLOGY, V59, P184 YUDKIN PL, 1987, EARLY HUM DEV, V15, P45, DOI 10.1016/0378-3782(87)90099-5 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1019-6 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200013 PM 20414801 ER PT J AU Ghanizadeh, A AF Ghanizadeh, Ahmad TI Can Retaining Asperger Syndrome in DSM V Help Establish Neurobiological Endophenotypes? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN C1 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Psychiat & Behav Sci, Shiraz, Iran. RP Ghanizadeh, A (reprint author), Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Psychiat & Behav Sci, Shiraz, Iran. EM ghanizad@sina.tums.ac.ir RI Ghanizadeh, Ahmad/C-2177-2011 CR Geschwind DH, 2009, ANNU REV MED, V60, P367, DOI 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.121225 GHAZIUDDIN M, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORDE Rommelse NNJ, 2009, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V37, P793, DOI 10.1007/s10802-009-9312-6 Rommelse NNJ, 2010, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V19, P281, DOI 10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x Saresella M, 2009, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V66, P978, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.020 Sinzig J, 2009, J ATTEN DISORD, V13, P117, DOI 10.1177/1087054708326261 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 130 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1028-5 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200014 PM 20437089 ER PT J AU VanBergeijk, E AF VanBergeijk, Ernst TI Strange Son: Two Mothers, Two Sons, and the Quest to Unlock the Hidden World of Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 [VanBergeijk, Ernst] New York Inst Technol, Cent Islip, NY 11722 USA. RP VanBergeijk, E (reprint author), New York Inst Technol, 300 Carleton Ave,Room 112 Independence Hall, Cent Islip, NY 11722 USA. EM evanberg@nyit.edu CR IVERSEN P, 2006, STRANGE SON 2 MOTHER, DOI DOI 10.1146/ANNUREV.MED.60.053107.121225 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s10803-009-0894-1 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 702XC UT WOS:000285928200015 ER PT J AU Guo, L Li, BX Deng, M Wen, F Jiang, JH Tan, YQ Song, YZ Liu, ZH Zhang, CH Kobayashi, K Wang, ZN AF Guo, Li Li, Bing-Xiao Deng, Mei Wen, Fang Jiang, Jian-Hui Tan, Yue-Qiu Song, Yuan-Zong Liu, Zhen-Huan Zhang, Chun-Hua Kobayashi, Keiko Wang, Zi-Neng TI Etiological Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Single-Center Eight-Year Clinical Experience in South China SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CITRIN DEFICIENCY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INBORN-ERRORS; AUTISM; ASSOCIATION; METABOLOME; CHILDREN AB Etiology determination of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) currently remains a worldwide common challenge on child health. We herein reported the etiology distribution feature in a cohort of 285 Chinese patients with NDDs. Although concrete NDD etiologies in 48.4% of the total patients could not be identified, genetic diseases (with the proportion of 35.8% in the total cases) including inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and congenital dysmorphic diseases, constituted the commonest etiology category for NDDs in this study. The two key experimental technologies in pediatric metabolomics, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS), proved to be substantially helpful for the exploration of the NDD etiologies in this clinical investigation. The findings in this paper provided latest epidemiologic information on the etiology distribution of NDDs in Chinese, and the syndromic NDDs caused by citrin deficiency and the novel chromosomal karyotype, respectively, further expanded the etiology spectrum of NDDs. C1 [Guo, Li; Li, Bing-Xiao; Deng, Mei; Wen, Fang; Song, Yuan-Zong] Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Pediat, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Jian-Hui] Guangzhou Women & Childrens Med Ctr, Guangzhou Neonatal Screening Ctr, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Tan, Yue-Qiu] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Sch Med, Inst Reprod & Stem Cell Engn, Changsha 410078, Peoples R China. [Liu, Zhen-Huan] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Nanhai Matern & Child Care Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurorehabil, Foshan 528200, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Chun-Hua] Matsumoto Inst Life Sci Int, Dept Res & Dev, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9218154, Japan. [Kobayashi, Keiko] Kagoshima Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Dept Mol Metab & Biochem Genet, Kagoshima 8908544, Japan. [Wang, Zi-Neng] Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Song, YZ (reprint author), Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Pediat, 613 Huangpu Dadao Xi, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM songyuanzong@tom.com FU Medical Research Fund of Guangdong Province, China [A2008358, A2009366]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81070279]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16390100, 19390096] FX The authors are grateful to all the patients and their parents for their cooperation, and to those who referred NDD patients to our department. This paper was supported financially in part by Medical Research Fund of Guangdong Province, China (Nos. A2008358 & A2009366) and Project 81070279 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B: Nos. 16390100 & 19390096) and for Asia-Africa Scientific Platform Program (AASPP) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. 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Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2011 AR 318616 DI 10.1155/2011/318616 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 667VT UT WOS:000283224900001 ER PT J AU Mantoulan, C Payoux, P Diene, G Glattard, M Roge, B Molinas, C Sevely, A Zilbovicius, M Celsis, P Tauber, M AF Mantoulan, Carine Payoux, Pierre Diene, Gwenaelle Glattard, Melanie Roge, Bernadette Molinas, Catherine Sevely, Annick Zilbovicius, Monica Celsis, Pierre Tauber, Maithe TI PET scan perfusion imaging in the Prader-Willi syndrome: new insights into the psychiatric and social disturbances SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE brain imaging; positron emission tomography; Prader-Willi syndrome; psychiatric troubles; social disturbances ID MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; ABNORMALITIES; DYSFUNCTION; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a rare multisystem genetic disease, leads to severe disabilities, such as morbid obesity, endocrine dysfunctions, psychiatric disorders, and social disturbances. We explored the whole brain of patients with PWS to detect abnormalities that might explain the behavioral and social disturbances, as well as the psychiatric disorders of these patients. Nine patients with PWS (six males, three females; mean age 16.4 years) underwent a positron emission tomography (PET) scan with H(2)(15)O as a tracer to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The images were compared with those acquired from nine controls (six males, three females; mean age 21.2 years). A morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in PWS patients, and their cognitive and behavioral skills were assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III and the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). The MRI images showed no evident anatomic abnormalities, whereas PET scans revealed hypoperfused brain regions in PWS patients compared with controls, particularly in the anterior cingulum and superior temporal regions. We observed a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between rCBF in the hypoperfused regions and CBCL scores. The functional consequences of these perfusion abnormalities in specific brain regions might explain the behavioral and social problems observed in these individuals. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2011) 31, 275-282; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.87; published online 30 June 2010 C1 [Mantoulan, Carine; Diene, Gwenaelle; Glattard, Melanie; Molinas, Catherine; Tauber, Maithe] Hop Enfants, Ctr Reference Syndrome Prader Willi, F-31059 Toulouse 9, France. [Mantoulan, Carine; Payoux, Pierre; Celsis, Pierre] Fac Med Toulouse, INSERM, Imagerie Cerebrale & Handicaps Neurol UMR 825, F-31073 Toulouse, France. [Mantoulan, Carine; Payoux, Pierre; Celsis, Pierre] Univ Toulouse, UPS, Imagerie Cerebrale & Handicaps Neurol UMR 825, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France. [Payoux, Pierre; Sevely, Annick; Celsis, Pierre] CHU Purpan, Ctr Hosp Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Glattard, Melanie; Roge, Bernadette] CERPP, Unite Rech Interdisciplinaire Octogone EA4156, Toulouse, France. [Molinas, Catherine; Tauber, Maithe] Ctr Physiopathol Toulouse Purpan, INSERM, UMR 563, Toulouse, France. [Molinas, Catherine; Tauber, Maithe] Univ Toulouse, UPS, Ctr Physiopathol Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France. [Zilbovicius, Monica] CEA, INSERM, Neuroimagerie Psychiat U797, Orsay, France. [Zilbovicius, Monica] Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Serv Radiol Pediat, Paris, France. RP Tauber, M (reprint author), Hop Enfants, Ctr Reference Syndrome Prader Willi, 330 Ave Grande Bretagne,TSA 70034, F-31059 Toulouse 9, France. EM molinas.c@chu-toulouse.fr; tauber.mt@chu-toulouse.fr RI TAUBER, Maithe/K-7386-2014 FU Fondation Orange and Conseil Regional de Midi-Pyrenees [71/2007] FX This work was partly supported by Fondation Orange and Conseil Regional de Midi-Pyrenees (71/2007). 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Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.87 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 702BX UT WOS:000285870700029 PM 20588317 ER PT J AU Landa, RJ Holman, KC O'Neill, AH Stuart, EA AF Landa, Rebecca J. Holman, Katherine C. O'Neill, Allison H. Stuart, Elizabeth A. TI Intervention targeting development of socially synchronous engagement in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; intervention ID JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; PRETEND PLAY; LANGUAGE; IMITATION; INFANTS; PREDICTORS; OUTCOMES; MODEL AB Background: Social and communication impairments are core deficits and prognostic indicators of autism. We evaluated the impact of supplementing a comprehensive intervention with a curriculum targeting socially synchronous behavior on social outcomes of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: Fifty toddlers with ASD, ages 21 to 33 months, were randomized to one of two six-month interventions: Interpersonal Synchrony or Non-Interpersonal Synchrony. The interventions provided identical intensity (10 hours per week in classroom), student-to-teacher ratio, schedule, home-based parent training (1.5 hours per month), parent education (38 hours), and instructional strategies, except the Interpersonal Synchrony condition provided a supplementary curriculum targeting socially engaged imitation, joint attention, and affect sharing; measures of these were primary outcomes. Assessments were conducted pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and, to assess maintenance, at six-month follow-up. Random effects models were used to examine differences between groups over time. Secondary analyses examined gains in expressive language and nonverbal cognition, and time effects during the intervention and follow-up periods. Results: A significant treatment effect was found for socially engaged imitation (p = .02), with more than doubling (17% to 42%) of imitated acts paired with eye contact in the Interpersonal Synchrony group after the intervention. This skill was generalized to unfamiliar contexts and maintained through follow-up. Similar gains were observed for initiation of joint attention and shared positive affect, but between-group differences did not reach statistical significance. A significant time effect was found for all outcomes (p < .001); greatest change occurred during the intervention period, particularly in the Interpersonal Synchrony group. Conclusions: This is the first ASD randomized trial involving toddlers to identify an active ingredient for enhancing socially engaged imitation. Adding social engagement targets to intervention improves short-term outcome at no additional cost to the intervention. The social, language, and cognitive gains in our participants provide evidence for plasticity of these developmental systems in toddlers with ASD. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00106210?term = landa&rank = 3. C1 [Landa, Rebecca J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Ctr Autism & Related Disorders,Dept Psychiat & Be, Baltimore, MD USA. [Holman, Katherine C.] Towson Univ, Dept Special Educ, Towson, MD USA. [O'Neill, Allison H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stuart, Elizabeth A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stuart, Elizabeth A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Landa, RJ (reprint author), 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. EM landa@kennedykrieger.org FU National Institute of Mental Health [154-MH066417]; HRSA [R40 MC 15594] FX Rebecca Landa (PI) thanks the National Institute of Mental Health (154-MH066417; Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment) and HRSA (R40 MC 15594) for the funding to conduct this study and prepare this manuscript. 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M., 2002, CSBS DP MANUAL COMMU Wetherby AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P960, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0237-4 NR 37 TC 63 Z9 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02288.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 691WR UT WOS:000285112000003 PM 21126245 ER PT J AU Charman, T AF Charman, Tony TI Commentary: Glass half full or half empty? Testing social communication interventions for young children with autism - reflections on Landa, Holman, O'Neill, and Stuart (2011) SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID JOINT ATTENTION; PLAY C1 Ctr Res Autism & Educ, Inst Educ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, London WC1H 0AA, England. RP Charman, T (reprint author), Ctr Res Autism & Educ, Inst Educ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, 25 Woburn Sq, London WC1H 0AA, England. EM t.charman@ioe.ac.uk RI Charman, Tony/A-2085-2014 OI Charman, Tony/0000-0003-1993-6549 CR Dawson G, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pE17, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-0958 Green J, 2010, LANCET, V375, P2152, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60587-9 Kasari C, 2006, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V47, P611, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01567.x Kasari C, 2008, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V76, P125, DOI 10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.125 Landa RJ, 2011, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V52, P13, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02288.x Ospina MB, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003755 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9630 J9 J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC JI J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02359.x PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 691WR UT WOS:000285112000004 PM 21143228 ER PT J AU Totsika, V Hastings, RP Emerson, E Lancaster, GA Berridge, DM AF Totsika, Vasiliki Hastings, Richard P. Emerson, Eric Lancaster, Gillian A. Berridge, Damon M. TI A population-based investigation of behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health: associations with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; intellectual disability; hyperactivity; conduct disorder; emotional disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-ADULTS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; POSITIVE PERCEPTIONS; SYNDROME SPECIFICITY; DOWN-SYNDROME; MOTHERS; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: While research indicates elevated behavioural and emotional problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and decreased well-being in their parents, studies do not typically separate out the contribution of ASD from that of associated intellectual disabilities (ID). We investigated child behavioural and emotional problems, and maternal mental health, among cases with and without ASD and ID in a large population-representative sample. Methods: Cross-sectional comparison of child behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health measures among 18,415 children (5 to 16 years old), of whom 47 had an ASD, 51 combined ASD with ID, 590 had only ID, and the remainder were the comparison group with no ASD or ID. Results: The prevalence of likely clinical levels of behavioural and emotional problems was highest among children with ASD (with and without ID). After controlling for age, gender, adversity, and maternal mental health, the presence of ASD and ID significantly and independently increased the odds for hyperactivity symptoms, conduct, and emotional problems. Emotional disorder was more prevalent in mothers of children with ASD (with or without ID). The presence of ASD, but not ID, significantly increased the odds for maternal emotional disorder. As has been found in previous research, positive maternal mental health was not affected by the presence of ASD or ID. Conclusions: ASD and ID are independent risk factors for behavioural and emotional problems. ASD (but not ID) is positively associated with maternal emotional disorder. Approaches to diagnosing hyperactivity and conduct problems in children with ASD may need to be reconsidered. C1 [Totsika, Vasiliki; Hastings, Richard P.] Bangor Univ, Sch Psychol, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. [Emerson, Eric] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Disabil Res, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Emerson, Eric] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lancaster, Gillian A.; Berridge, Damon M.] Univ Lancaster, Ctr Appl Stat, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. RP Totsika, V (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Psychol, Brigantia Bldg,Penrallt Rd, Bangor LL57 2AS, Gwynedd, Wales. EM v.totsika@bangor.ac.uk RI Hastings, Richard/D-9657-2013 OI Hastings, Richard/0000-0002-0495-8270 FU Economic and Social Research Council, UK (ESRC) [RES-000-22-3216] FX The study was supported by a research grant from the Economic and Social Research Council, UK (ESRC; RES-000-22-3216). 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When experts were involved, the courts focused on credibility issues. When the courts applied neuropsychiatric arguments in the absence of an expert, they used developmental arguments. When the authors found that significant neuropsychiatric issues were not discussed by the court it concerned interpretations of symptoms and developmental standpoints. The results illustrate the complexity and pitfalls of drawing conclusions about associations between symptoms and personality characteristics on one side and accuracy of sexual abuse allegations on the other. Moreover, the results highlight the importance of a high quality system for providing courts with adequate neuropsychiatric knowledge. C1 [Lindblad, Frank] Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. [Lainpelto, Katrin] Stockholm Univ, Fac Law, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lindblad, Frank] Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. 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TI Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Williams syndrome: Shared behavioral and neuropsychological profiles SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Executive function; Working memory; Conners Rating Scales; Attention-deficit; hyperactivity disorder; Williams syndrome ID WORKING-MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS; DRUG-NAIVE BOYS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; HYPERKINETIC DISORDER; DOWN-SYNDROME; FRONTAL-LOBE; CHILDREN; METHYLPHENIDATE; INDIVIDUALS; AUTISM AB We compared verbally matched attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Williams syndrome (WS), and typically developing individuals (N = 19 each group) on behavioral symptoms (Conners ADHD rating scale) and neuropsychological functioning. Neuropsychological tasks included those that assessed short-term memory and executive functions from the CANTAB (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery) neuropsychological battery. Children with WS scored within the abnormal range and did not differ in severity from ADHD children on the Conners Oppositionality, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, Hyperactivity, and ADHD Index subscales. The WS and ADHD groups also showed similar patterns of neuropsychological functioning, particularly in working memory (WM) strategy use and delayed short-term memory (STM). The findings may have clinical implications for the management of individuals with WS, highlighting the potential significance of behavioral, educational, and pharmacological strategies and treatments known to be useful in the treatment of children with ADHD for individuals with WS. C1 [Rhodes, Sinead M.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Psychol, Glasgow G1 IQE, Lanark, Scotland. [Riby, Deborah M.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Matthews, Keith; Coghill, David R.] Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Div Med Sci, Ctr Neurosci Psychiat & Behav Sci, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. 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Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1080/13803395.2010.495057 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 714QK UT WOS:000286823900016 PM 20700845 ER PT J AU Maes, JHR Eling, PATM Wezenberg, E Vissers, CTWM Kan, CC AF Maes, Joseph H. R. Eling, Paul A. T. M. Wezenberg, Elke Vissers, Constance Th. W. M. Kan, Cees C. TI Attentional set shifting in autism spectrum disorder: Differentiating between the role of perseveration, learned irrelevance, and novelty processing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Attentional set shifting; Learned irrelevance; Perseveration; Novelty processing ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; FAMILIARITY; VALIDITY; STIMULI; ADULTS; TASK; AQ AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with impaired attentional set shifting, which may reflect enhanced perseverative responding, enhanced learned irrelevance, and/or reduced novelty processing. We assessed the contribution of these potential error sources in ASD adults. A total of 17 ASD and 19 matched comparison individuals first solved a discrimination learning task. Thereafter, the participants faced three types of attentional shift, specifically designed to isolate the effect of the three possible error sources. ASD participants made more errors than comparison individuals in a shift implying a choice between a novel relevant stimulus attribute and a familiar attribute that was previously relevant but now irrelevant. However, they made fewer errors in a shift involving a choice between a novel irrelevant attribute and a familiar, previously irrelevant but now relevant attribute. The results in combination suggest that the performance difference, at least in the present shift task, is caused by reduced novelty processing in ASD participants. C1 [Maes, Joseph H. R.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Ctr Cognit, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Wezenberg, Elke; Vissers, Constance Th. W. M.; Kan, Cees C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Maes, JHR (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Ctr Cognit, POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM r.maes@donders.ru.nl RI Maes, J.H.R./D-2009-2010 CR Ambery FZ, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P551, DOI 10.1177/1362361306068507 American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anckarsater H, 2006, AM J PSYCHIAT, V163, P1239, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1239 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 COURCHESNE E, 1985, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V15, P55, DOI 10.1007/BF01837899 Frith U, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, pR786, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.033 Geurts HM, 2009, TRENDS COGN SCI, V13, P74, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.006 Gustafsson L, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P189, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022609.31371.4d Heaton R. K., 2003, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI Heaton RK, 1993, WISCONSIN CARD SORTI Hill EL, 2004, TRENDS COGN SCI, V8, P26, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003 Hill EL, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P2822, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.007 Hill EL, 2004, DEV REV, V24, P189, DOI 10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 Hofmann S. 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PY 2011 VL 33 IS 2 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1080/13803395.2010.501327 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 715OV UT WOS:000286894700006 PM 20694871 ER PT J AU Young, SEL Ballard, KJ Heard, R Purcell, AA AF Young, Selena Ee-Li Ballard, Kirrie Jane Heard, Robert Purcell, Alison Anne TI Communication and cognition profiles in parents of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Familial aggregation; Cleft lip and palate; Children; Nonword repetition; Family history; Cognition; Verbal memory; Communication; Singapore; Parents ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDERS; INCIDENCE AUTISM FAMILIES; NON-WORD REPETITION; NONWORD REPETITION; WORKING-MEMORY; PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; CLINICAL MARKERS; SPEECH-LANGUAGE; RISK-FACTORS AB The main aim of the study was to ascertain whether parents of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (P-CLP) perform differently than parents of children without CLP (P-control) on a nonword repetition (NWR) test. Given that children with CLP frequently demonstrate communication and cognitive difficulties, a link between NWR performance and group would lend support to a familial risk factor in nonsyndromic CLP. The NWR test, a well-documented assessment to identify language and cognitive impairment, was used, together with a parent questionnaire to gather demographic data and family history information on medical, communication, and/or cognitive difficulties for 260 parents. Group differences on NWR performance and family history of communication and cognition difficulties were not demonstrated. Also, no significant difference on NWR score was seen in the P-CLP group based on child's CLP type. Correlation analysis showed that having more years of schooling, English as the dominant language, living in private housing, and being in skilled occupations were positively correlated to NWR score. Controlling for these known background variables did not alter NWR performance between P-CLP and P-control, however, only years of schooling significantly and consistently predicted NWR performance. Having significantly fewer years of schooling in the P-CLP group could be suggestive of an increased risk of communication and cognitive difficulties these parents face, and the potential difficulties their children with CLP may encounter. These results may inform early and rigorous intervention strategies for children with CLP. C1 [Young, Selena Ee-Li] Kandang Kerbau Womens & Childrens Hosp, Singapore 229899, Singapore. [Young, Selena Ee-Li; Ballard, Kirrie Jane; Heard, Robert; Purcell, Alison Anne] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Young, SEL (reprint author), Kandang Kerbau Womens & Childrens Hosp, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore 229899, Singapore. 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Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 6 BP 658 EP 671 DI 10.1080/13803395.2010.550601 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882GA UT WOS:000299550100006 PM 21409695 ER PT J AU Bolster, RB D'Arcy, RCN Song, XW Runke, DS Ryner, L AF Bolster, R. Bruce D'Arcy, Ryan C. N. Song, Xiaowei Runke, Dwayne S. Ryner, Lawrence TI Detection versus location judgments in a hidden pattern task: Functional MRI and behavioral correlates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hidden figures; Embedded figures; Selective attention; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Visual search ID SUPERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX; ATTENTION; FIGURES; PERFORMANCE; CONJUNCTION; ACTIVATION; AUTISM; SEARCH; INJURY; BRAIN AB We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess cortical involvement in a hidden pattern task. The experimental and control conditions involved judgment of the presence/absence versus the position of a complex pattern. Activation specific to hidden pattern identification was concentrated on frontal, dorsal parietal, and mesolimbic cortex. This was consistent not only across individual subjects, but with hidden figures tasks used in previous fMRI investigations. Results suggest that pattern identification relies on a relatively stable neural network controlling selective attention. In combination with fMRI, hidden pattern tasks may be useful in neuropsychological assessment of visual search and object identification. C1 [Bolster, R. Bruce; Runke, Dwayne S.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Psychol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Bolster, R. Bruce; Ryner, Lawrence] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biodiagnost, Winnipeg, MB R3B 1Y6, Canada. [D'Arcy, Ryan C. N.; Song, Xiaowei] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biodiagnost Atlantic, Halifax, NS, Canada. [D'Arcy, Ryan C. N.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Radiol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Song, Xiaowei] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Ryner, Lawrence] Univ Manitoba, Dept Radiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Bolster, RB (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Psychol, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. EM b.bolster@uwinnipeg.ca FU Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); National Research Council Canada FX This work was supported in part by the grants from the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the National Research Council Canada. 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Neuropsychol. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 7 BP 765 EP 775 DI 10.1080/13803395.2011.554386 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882HE UT WOS:000299553600004 PM 21480025 ER PT J AU Riches, NG Loucas, T Baird, G Charman, T Simonoff, E AF Riches, N. G. Loucas, T. Baird, G. Charman, T. Simonoff, E. TI Non-word repetition in adolescents with Specific Language Impairment and Autism plus Language Impairments: A qualitative analysis SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID PHONOLOGICAL WORKING-MEMORY; NONWORD REPETITION; SPEECH-PRODUCTION; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; DEFICIT AB Non-word repetition (NWR) was investigated in adolescents with typical development, Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Plus language Impairment (ALI) (n = 17, 13, 16, and mean age 14;4, 15;4, 14;8 respectively). The study evaluated the hypothesis that poor NWR performance in both groups indicates an overlapping language phenotype (Kjelgaard & Tager-Flusberg, 2001). Performance was investigated both quantitatively, e.g. overall error rates, and qualitatively, e.g. effect of length on repetition, proportion of errors affecting phonological structure, and proportion of consonant substitutions involving manner changes. Findings were consistent with previous research (Whitehouse, Barry, & Bishop, 2008) demonstrating a greater effect of length in the SLI group than the ALI group, which may be due to greater short-term memory limitations. In addition, an automated count of phoneme errors identified poorer performance in the SLI group than the ALI group. These findings indicate differences in the language profiles of individuals with SLI and ALI, but do not rule out a partial overlap. Errors affecting phonological structure were relatively frequent, accounting for around 40% of phonemic errors, but less frequent than straight Consonant-for-Consonant or vowel-for-vowel substitutions. It is proposed that these two different types of errors may reflect separate contributory mechanisms. Around 50% of consonant substitutions in the clinical groups involved manner changes, suggesting poor auditory-perceptual encoding. From a clinical perspective algorithms which automatically count phoneme errors may enhance sensitivity of NWR as a diagnostic marker of language impairment. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to (1) describe and evaluate the hypothesis that there is a phenotypic overlap between SLI and Autism Spectrum Disorders (2) describe differences in the NWR performance of adolescents with SLI and ALL, and discuss whether these differences support or refute the phenotypic overlap hypothesis, and (3) understand how computational algorithms such as the Levenshtein Distance may be used to analyse NWR data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Riches, N. G.; Baird, G.] Guys Hosp, Newcomen Ctr, Guys & St Thomas NHS Hosp Trust, London SE1 9RT, England. [Loucas, T.] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol, Dept Language Sci, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. [Charman, T.] Inst Educ, London WC1H 0AL, England. [Simonoff, E.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Riches, NG (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Psychol, Dept Clin Language Sci, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 44 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.06.003 PG 14 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 708NM UT WOS:000286368500002 PM 20673911 ER PT J AU Berlin, KS Lobato, DJ Pinkos, B Cerezo, CS LeLeiko, NS AF Berlin, Kristoffer S. Lobato, Debra J. Pinkos, Beth Cerezo, Carolina S. LeLeiko, Neal S. TI Patterns of Medical and Developmental Comorbidities Among Children Presenting With Feeding Problems: A Latent Class Analysis SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE feeding; parenting; failure to thrive; gastroenterology; growth ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DISORDERS; BEHAVIORS; MIXTURE; INFANTS; ENERGY; NUMBER; MODEL AB Objective: Children with feeding problems often have multiple co-occurring medical and developmental conditions; however, it is unknown whether patterns of comorbidity exist and whether they relate to important feeding-related health outcomes. The main objective of this study was to examine (1) the relationship between the number of medical and developmental comorbidities and important feeding-related health outcomes; (2) how various comorbidities interact and form empirically derived patterns; and (3) how empirically derived patterns of comorbidity relate to weight status, nutritional variety, and child and parent mealtime behavior problems. Methods: The medical records of 286 children (mean age = 35.56 months) seen at an outpatient feeding disorders clinic were reviewed. Child weight status, nutritional variety, and child and parent mealtime behavior problems were assessed using standardized measures. The lifetime occurrence of medical and developmental conditions was reliably coded. Empirically derived patterns of comorbidity were generated via latent class analyses. Results: Latent class analyses generated 3 comorbidity patterns: "Behavioral" (58% of cases), "Developmentally Delayed" (37%), and "Autism Spectrum Disorder" (ASD, 5%). The Autism Spectrum Disorder group was found to have less nutritional variety compared to the Behavioral and Developmentally Delayed groups. No differences were found between groups in terms of percent ideal body weight, or severity of child or parent mealtime behavior problems. Conclusion: Multiple co-occurring conditions of children with feeding problems were empirically reduced to 3 patterns of comorbidities. Comorbidity patterns were largely unrelated to weight status and child or parent mealtime behavior problems. This suggests that medical and developmental conditions confer general, rather than specific, risk for feeding problems in children. C1 [Berlin, Kristoffer S.] Ohio Univ, Dept Psychol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Berlin, Kristoffer S.; Lobato, Debra J.] Brown Univ, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Berlin, Kristoffer S.; Lobato, Debra J.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Bradley Hasbro Childrens Res Ctr, Providence, RI USA. [Pinkos, Beth; Cerezo, Carolina S.; LeLeiko, Neal S.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Pediat, Providence, RI USA. [Cerezo, Carolina S.; LeLeiko, Neal S.] Brown Univ, Dept Pediat, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Berlin, KS (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Psychol, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH 45701 USA. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318203e06d PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 702RY UT WOS:000285914200008 PM 21099437 ER PT J AU Gura, GF Champagne, MT Blood-Siegfried, JE AF Gura, Georgette F. Champagne, Mary T. Blood-Siegfried, Jane E. TI Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening in Primary Care SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; developmental screening; implementation; primary care ID IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN AB Objectives: One in 110 children in the United States has autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Early identification and early intervention have been shown to improve outcomes for children with ASD. Although recommended, routine ASD screening at 18 and 24 months of age has not been widely adopted in practice. This quality improvement study examined whether a private primary care practice could overcome screening barriers and implement the recommended universal ASD screening practice using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (TM). Method: Guided by the Diffusion of Innovations evidence-based conceptual model, a practice change using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (TM) was developed. A retrospective chart review of 99 subjects was done to evaluate screening fidelity and cost. Results: An overall screening fidelity of 91% was achieved over a 7-month period. The cost of screening to the practice averaged $22.78 per month. This was offset by an average of $38.76 of revenue per month. Conclusion: These findings suggest that low-cost universal screening can be implemented in primary care when addressed from an organizational perspective. C1 [Gura, Georgette F.; Champagne, Mary T.; Blood-Siegfried, Jane E.] Duke Univ, Sch Nursing, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Gura, GF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Nursing, Box 3322, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM gfg@duke.edu CR *AM AC PED, 2008, AUT CAR CHILDR AUT S Caronna EB, 2008, ARCH DIS CHILD, V93, P518, DOI 10.1136/adc.2006.115337 *CDCP, AUT SPECTR DIS FACTS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006, MMWR SURVEILL SUMM, V58, P1 CRANE JL, 2008, J DISABIL POLICY STU, V18, P245, DOI 10.1177/1044207307311527 Dawson G, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pE17, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-0958 Dawson G, 2008, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V20, P775, DOI 10.1017/S0954579408000370 Dosreis S, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS88, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00006 Duby JC, 2009, PEDIATR ANN, V38, P36 Gillis JM, 2009, INFANT YOUNG CHILD, V22, P321 GLASCOE FP, 2007, INTRO DEV BEHAV SCRE Greenhalgh T., 2005, DIFFUSION INNOVATION Jacobson J, 1998, BEHAV INTERVENT, V13, P201, DOI DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 National Research Council Committee on Interventions for Children with Autism, 2001, ED CHILDR AUT Robins D., 1999, MODIFIED CHECKLIST A ROBINS DL, M CHAT INFORM Robins DL, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P131, DOI 10.1023/A:1010738829569 Robins DL, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P537, DOI 10.1177/1362361308094502 Shattuck PT, 2009, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V48, P474, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819b3848 Zwaigenbaum L, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P143, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182040aea PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 702RY UT WOS:000285914200009 PM 21160437 ER PT J AU Huffman, LC Sutcliffe, TL Tanner, ISD Feldman, HM AF Huffman, Lynne C. Sutcliffe, Trenna L. Tanner, Ima S. D. Feldman, Heidi M. TI Management of Symptoms in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacologic and Complementary-Alternative Medicine Treatments SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE autism; autism spectrum disorder; review; treatment; pharmacologic; complementary-alternative medicine ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SYNTHETIC HUMAN SECRETIN; LONG-TERM RISPERIDONE; CROSSOVER PILOT TRIAL; OPEN-LABEL TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; PORCINE SECRETIN AB In the care of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), medical treatment is typically considered an adjunct to educational and behavioral interventions. Nonetheless, large proportions of children with ASD are managed medically and receive both pharmacologic and complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. Although many medical treatments have been studied in children with ASD, studies vary widely in terms of the sample, sample size, research design, purposes of treatment, and measurements of change. Surprisingly, comprehensive reviews of the options for medical management in ASD are lacking, particularly reviews that address both pharmacologic and CAM treatments. Furthermore, reviews to date tend to emphasize general effects of medication; this perspective contradicts medical practice, which targets particular symptoms during treatment selection and monitoring. This review of 115 studies adds to the ASD treatment literature by (1) including studies of individuals 0 to 22 years of age; (2) aggregating studies of pharmacologic treatments and CAM treatments; and importantly, (3) organizing treatment response by ASD symptoms, differentiating core and associated symptoms. C1 [Huffman, Lynne C.; Feldman, Heidi M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sutcliffe, Trenna L.] Palo Alto Med Fdn, Dept Pediat, Los Altos, CA USA. [Tanner, Ima S. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. RP Huffman, LC (reprint author), 650 Clark Way, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM lynne.huffman@stanford.edu RI Moriana, Juan Antonio/B-4268-2008 FU California Department of Developmental Services; Napa County Office of Education [SPO 37541] FX This review was supported by the California Department of Developmental Services and by the Napa County Office of Education (SPO#37541). 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Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182040acf PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 702RY UT WOS:000285914200011 PM 21160435 ER PT J AU Desai, PP Mohite, P AF Desai, Priti P. Mohite, Prerana TI An Exploratory Study of Early Intervention in Gujarat State, India: Pediatricians' Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE early intervention; pediatrician's role; education; India ID AUTISM; URBAN AB Objective: Because of improvements in neonatal care in India, there is an increase in the survival rate of high-risk newborns; however, subsequent developmental support systems are inadequate. There is minimal documented research that examines the role of pediatricians as key stakeholders in the early intervention (EI) process in India. The aim of this study was to document perceptions and practices of pediatricians in Gujarat state, India, regarding identification of children at risk for developmental problems, referral procedures, access to EI services in their community, and relevant educational needs. Method: An exploratory survey was courier mailed to the entire population of pediatricians in Gujarat. Analyses were based on survey responses from 192 pediatricians. Results: Pediatricians infrequently used developmental assessment tools to identify children with delays, even when a child had biological or established risk conditions. The top 3 barriers to screening were insufficient time, lack of treatment choices, and lack of knowledge regarding referral options. The main deterrent for making referrals was the paucity of EI services. Nearly half the pediatricians reported receiving inadequate training for early detection of childhood disabilities during their medical education. A key continuing education need was learning about developmental screening techniques. Conclusions: Although more research is needed, it is clear that Gujarat's pediatricians consider early identification of children with developmental concerns as their role. Findings underscore the importance of providing them with more resources and training to promote the developmental aspects of children's health. C1 [Desai, Priti P.] E Carolina Univ, Dept Child Dev & Family Relat, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Mohite, Prerana] Maharaja Sayajirao Univ Baroda, Human Dev & Family Studies Dept, Fac Family & Community Sci, Baroda, Gujarat, India. RP Desai, PP (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Child Dev & Family Relat, Rivers W 124, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. 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Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f46e0b PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 702RY UT WOS:000285914200013 PM 21160440 ER PT J AU Ruble, L Birdwhistell, J Toland, MD McGrew, JH AF Ruble, Lisa Birdwhistell, Jessie Toland, Michael D. McGrew, John H. TI Analysis of Parent, Teacher, and Consultant Speech Exchanges and Educational Outcomes of Students With Autism During COMPASS Consultation SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULTATION LA English DT Article ID CONJOINT BEHAVIORAL CONSULTATION; RELATIONAL COMMUNICATION PROCESSES; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCHOOL-BASED CONSULTATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOW KAPPA; INVOLVEMENT; METAANALYSIS; INTERVIEWS AB The significant increase in the numbers of students with autism combined with the need for better trained teachers (National Research Council, 2001) call for research on the effectiveness of alternative methods, such as consultation, that have the potential to improve service delivery. Data from 2 randomized controlled single-blind trials indicate that an autism-specific consultation planning framework known as the collaborative model for promoting competence and success (COMPASS) is effective in increasing child Individual Education Programs (IEP) outcomes (Ruble, Dalrymple, & McGrew, 2010; Ruble, McGrew, & Toland, 2011). In this study, we describe the verbal interactions, defined as speech acts and speech act exchanges that take place during COMPASS consultation, and examine the associations between speech exchanges and child outcomes. We applied the Psychosocial Processes Coding Scheme (Leaper, 1991) to code speech acts. Speech act exchanges were overwhelmingly affiliative, failed to show statistically significant relationships with child IEP outcomes and teacher adherence, but did correlate positively with IEP quality. C1 [Ruble, Lisa] Univ Kentucky, Coll Educ, Sch Psychol Program, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. 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Consult. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 259 EP 283 DI 10.1080/10474412.2011.620818 PG 25 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 885AY UT WOS:000299751300001 ER PT J AU Murphy, D AF Murphy, David TI Autism spectrum quotient (AQ) profiles among male patients within high security psychiatric care: comparison with personality and cognitive functioning SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autistic spectrum disorders; high-security hospital; MCMI-III; autism spectrum quotient ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; REVISED VERSION; DISORDERS; TRAITS; ADULTS; PHENOTYPE; VALIDITY; MIND AB The autism spectrum quotient (AQ) is a screening tool used to assess self-reported autistic traits. However, the available comparative data are based on non-forensic samples, with little examination of the relationship with other aspects of personality or cognitive functioning. An examination of the AQ among a high secure psychiatric sample of patients with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), a mental illness and a personality disorder is described. Analysis revealed that whilst the AQ can discriminate ASD patients, the social skills, communication and attention switching subscales are most sensitive. A regression analysis revealed that 45% of the variance in the AQ total score can be predicted by the Millon self-report personality measure. No significant relationships were present between the AQ, full-scale IQ, a mentalisation task and measures of executive functioning. The use of the AQ among forensic psychiatric patients is discussed along with a need for an AQ forensic version. C1 Broadmoor Hosp, Dept Psychol, Crowthorne RG45 7EG, Berks, England. RP Murphy, D (reprint author), Broadmoor Hosp, Dept Psychol, Crowthorne RG45 7EG, Berks, England. 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Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 4 BP 518 EP 534 DI 10.1080/14789949.2011.596942 PG 17 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA 886FI UT WOS:000299837800004 ER PT J AU Sotgiu, I Galati, D Manzano, M Gandione, M Gomez, K Romero, Y Rigardetto, R AF Sotgiu, Igor Galati, Dario Manzano, Mayra Gandione, Marina Gomez, Kyuttzza Romero, Yuniel Rigardetto, Roberto TI Parental Attitudes, Attachment Styles, Social Networks, and Psychological Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Cross-Cultural Perspective SO JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; culture; emotion; parental attitudes; social network ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; QUOTIENT; BELIEF; CHILD; CUBA; MIND AB In this study the authors used a cross-cultural approach to examine parental attitudes, attachment styles, social networks, and some of the psychological processes involved in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Fifty-two children (aged 4-11 years) took part in the study: 30 Italians (15 with ASD and 15 controls) and 22 Cubans (11 with ASD and 11 controls). Findings indicated significant differences between the two cultural groups in terms of the structure of the children's social network and parental attitudes toward their children. However, the mother-child attachment relationship and cognitive and emotional functioning of the study participants were independent of culture. C1 [Sotgiu, Igor] Univ Bergamo, Dept Human Sci, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy. [Sotgiu, Igor; Galati, Dario; Gandione, Marina; Rigardetto, Roberto] Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. [Manzano, Mayra; Gomez, Kyuttzza; Romero, Yuniel] Univ Havana, Havana, Cuba. RP Sotgiu, I (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, Dept Human Sci, Piazzale S Agostino 2, I-24129 Bergamo, Italy. 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Genet. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 172 IS 4 BP 353 EP 375 DI 10.1080/00221325.2010.544342 PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 888JV UT WOS:000300000700003 PM 22256682 ER PT J AU Martorell, L Nascimento, MT Colome, R Genoves, J Naudo, M Nascimento, A AF Martorell, Loreto Nascimento, Maria T. Colome, Roser Genoves, Jordi Naudo, Montserrat Nascimento, Andres TI Four sisters compound heterozygotes for the pre- and full mutation in fragile X syndrome and a complete inactivation of X-functional chromosome: implications for genetic counseling SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE compound heterozygote; fragile X syndrome; full mutation; mental retardation; premutation; X-inactivation ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES; FEMALE; PREMUTATION; FMR1; REPEAT AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and a leading monogenic form of cognitive impairment and autism. It is the most common form of inherited mental retardation in males and a significant cause of mental retardation in females. It is caused by the instability and subsequent expansion of the CGG repeat in the promoter region of the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) gene at Xq27.3. We describe a double consanguineous family with four sisters compound heterozygotes for the full and pre-mutation CGG repeat size. The index case shows clinical features of the affected males with profound mental retardation; the other three sisters also suffer from mental retardation, ranging from mild to severe. Molecular analysis reveals very similar ranges for the CGG expansions for both chromosomes in all four sisters. The phenotypic differences observed in the index case and her sisters are the total inactivation of X premutated chromosome and the total absence of FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein). This family case raises important issues for genetic counseling in families with consanguinity and with cases of idiopathic mental retardation. Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 56, 87-90; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.140; published online 25 November 2010 C1 [Martorell, Loreto; Genoves, Jordi; Naudo, Montserrat] Hosp St Joan de Deu, Secc Genet Mol, Barcelona 08950, Spain. [Nascimento, Maria T.] Hosp del Mar, Serv Psiquiatria, Barcelona, Spain. [Colome, Roser; Nascimento, Andres] Hosp St Joan de Deu, Serv Neurol, Barcelona 08950, Spain. RP Martorell, L (reprint author), Hosp St Joan de Deu, Secc Genet Mol, Edifici Docent C Santa Rosa 39, Barcelona 08950, Spain. 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Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 56 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1038/jhg.2010.140 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 711IX UT WOS:000286585200019 PM 21107340 ER PT J AU Ratajczak, HV AF Ratajczak, Helen V. TI Theoretical aspects of autism: Causes - A review SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Autism; autism spectrum disorder; pervasive developmental disorder ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PRENATAL PCB EXPOSURE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; PATERNAL AGE; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY; RUBELLA VACCINATION; CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; FUTURE-DIRECTIONS AB Autism, a member of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), has been increasing dramatically since its description by Leo Kanner in 1943. First estimated to occur in 4 to 5 per 10,000 children, the incidence of autism is now 1 per 110 in the United States, and 1 per 64 in the United Kingdom, with similar incidences throughout the world. Searching information from 1943 to the present in PubMed and Ovid Medline databases, this review summarizes results that correlate the timing of changes in incidence with environmental changes. Autism could result from more than one cause, with different manifestations in different individuals that share common symptoms. Documented causes of autism include genetic mutations and/or deletions, viral infections, and encephalitis following vaccination. Therefore, autism is the result of genetic defects and/or inflammation of the brain. 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Covering the literature from 1943 to the present in the PubMed and Ovid Medline databases, this review summarizes evidence of hormones, metabolites, amino acids, and other biomarkers present in significantly different quantities in autistic subjects compared to age- and sex-matched controls. These differences can be measured in the gastrointestinal, immunologic, neurologic, and toxicologic systems of the body, with some biomarkers showing ubiquitous application. In addition, there are unifying concepts, i.e., increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, immune glutamatergic dysfunction, and pineal gland malfunction. The variances of the biomarkers from the norm present the opportunity to create biomarker arrays that when properly developed and analyzed could result in an objective diagnosis with a ranking of the severity of autism for each subject. The contribution of each biomarker to the overall diagnosis could be calculated, thus providing a profile pattern unique to the individual. 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Immunotoxicol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.3109/1547691X.2010.538749 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 717KR UT WOS:000287043100010 PM 21299356 ER PT J AU Jusko, TA De Roos, AJ Schwartz, SM Lawrence, BP Palkovicova, L Nemessanyi, T Drobna, B Fabisikova, A Kocan, A Jahnova, E Kavanagh, TJ Trnovec, T Hertz-Picciotto, I AF Jusko, Todd A. De Roos, Anneclaire J. Schwartz, Stephen M. Lawrence, B. Paige Palkovicova, Lubica Nemessanyi, Tomas Drobna, Beata Fabisikova, Anna Kocan, Anton Jahnova, Eva Kavanagh, Terrance J. Trnovec, Tomas Hertz-Picciotto, Irva TI Maternal and early postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in relation to total serum immunoglobulin concentrations in 6-month-old infants SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; cohort; DAG; roma ID DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PCB EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; AUTISM; DIOXINS; ASTHMA; SENSITIZATION; INFECTIONS AB Animal data indicate that developmental tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure alters immune function; however, the potential immunotoxicity of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the developing infant is an understudied area. The aim of the current study is to examine the association between maternal and early postnatal PCB concentrations in relation to total infant serum immunoglobulin concentrations determined at 6-months-of-age. We selected 384 mother-infant pairs participating in a birth cohort study in Eastern Slovakia. PCB concentrations of several congeners were determined in maternal and cord serum samples and in infant serum samples collected at 6-months-of-age using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) G, A, and M concentrations were determined by nephelometry, and IgE concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used to estimate the associations between maternal, cord, and 6-month infant PCB concentrations and total serum immunoglobulins. The median maternal serum concentration of PCB-153 was 140 ng/g lipid, approximate to a parts per thousand 10-fold higher than concentrations in childbearing-age women in the United States during the same period. Maternal, cord, or 6-month infant PCB concentrations were not associated with total serum immunoglobulin levels at 6 months, regardless of the timing of PCB exposure, PCB congener, or specific immunoglobulin. 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W., 2001, WOODCOCKJOHNSON TEST NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 55 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01343.x PN 1 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 695SZ UT WOS:000285394200003 PM 21121991 ER PT J AU Whittington, J Holland, T AF Whittington, J. Holland, T. TI Recognition of emotion in facial expression by people with Prader-Willi syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ekman faces; emotion recognition; Prader-Willi syndrome; social cognition ID MATERNAL UNIPARENTAL DISOMY; AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; IMPAIRED RECOGNITION; PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; AUTISM; DISABILITIES; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; SADNESS AB Background People with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) may have mild intellectual impairments but less is known about their social cognition. Most parents/carers report that people with PWS do not have normal peer relationships, although some have older or younger friends. Two specific aspects of social cognition are being able to recognise other people's emotion and to then respond appropriately. In a previous study, mothers/carers thought that 26% of children and 23% of adults with PWS would not respond to others' feelings. They also thought that 64% could recognise happiness, sadness, anger and fear and a further 30% could recognise happiness and sadness. However, reports of emotion recognition and response to emotion were partially dissociated. It was therefore decided to test facial emotion recognition directly. Method The participants were 58 people of all ages with PWS. They were shown a total of 20 faces, each depicting one of the six basic emotions and asked to say what they thought that person was feeling. The faces were shown one at a time in random order and each was accompanied by a reminder of the six basic emotions. Results This cohort of people with PWS correctly identified 55% of the different facial emotions. These included 90% of happy faces, 55% each of sad and surprised faces, 43% of disgusted faces, 40% of angry faces and 37% of fearful faces. Genetic subtype differences were found only in the predictors of recognition scores, not in the scores themselves. Selective impairment was found in fear recognition for those with PWS who had had a depressive illness and in anger recognition for those with PWS who had had a psychotic illness. Conclusions The inability to read facial expressions of emotion is a deficit in social cognition apparent in people with PWS. This may be a contributing factor in their difficulties with peer relationships. C1 [Whittington, J.; Holland, T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. RP Whittington, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, 18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 2AH, England. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 55 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01348.x PN 1 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 695SZ UT WOS:000285394200008 PM 21121995 ER PT J AU Maljaars, JPW Noens, ILJ Scholte, EM Verpoorten, RAW van Berckelaer-Onnes, IA AF Maljaars, J. P. W. Noens, I. L. J. Scholte, E. M. Verpoorten, R. A. W. van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A. TI Visual local and global processing in low-functioning deaf individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; central coherence; deafness; intellectual disability; visual perception ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; CENTRAL COHERENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; WEAK COHERENCE; HEARING-LOSS; CHILDREN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; ACCOUNT; PEOPLE AB Background The ComFor study has indicated that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show enhanced visual local processing compared with individuals with ID only. Items of the ComFor with meaningless materials provided the best discrimination between the two samples. These results can be explained by the weak central coherence account. The main focus of the present study is to examine whether enhanced visual perception is also present in low-functioning deaf individuals with and without ASD compared with individuals with ID, and to evaluate the underlying cognitive style in deaf and hearing individuals with ASD. Method Different sorting tasks (selected from the ComFor) were administered from four subsamples: (1) individuals with ID (n = 68); (2) individuals with ID and ASD (n = 72); (3) individuals with ID and deafness (n = 22); and (4) individuals with ID, ASD and deafness (n = 15). Differences in performance on sorting tasks with meaningful and meaningless materials between the four subgroups were analysed. Age and level of functioning were taken into account. Results Analyses of covariance revealed that results of deaf individuals with ID and ASD are in line with the results of hearing individuals with ID and ASD. Both groups showed enhanced visual perception, especially on meaningless sorting tasks, when compared with hearing individuals with ID, but not compared with deaf individuals with ID. Conclusions In ASD either with or without deafness, enhanced visual perception for meaningless information can be understood within the framework of the central coherence theory, whereas in deafness, enhancement in visual perception might be due to a more generally enhanced visual perception as a result of auditory deprivation. C1 [Maljaars, J. P. W.; Scholte, E. M.; van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A.] Leiden Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci Clin Child & Adolescent St, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. [Noens, I. L. J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Verpoorten, R. A. W.] Koninklijke Kentalis, St Michielsgestel, Netherlands. RP Maljaars, JPW (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Fac Social & Behav Sci Clin Child & Adolescent St, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. 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S., 1993, VINELAND SCREENER OV van Lang NDJ, 2006, RES DEV DISABIL, V27, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.12.005 Vernon M, 2009, AM ANN DEAF, V154, P5 Verpoorten R., 2004, COMVOOR VOORLOPERS C Verpoorten R., 2008, COMFOR FORERUNNERS C Wang LX, 2007, COGN NEUROPSYCHOL, V24, P550, DOI 10.1080/13546800701417096 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0964-2633 J9 J INTELL DISABIL RES JI J. Intell. Disabil. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 55 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01351.x PN 1 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 695SZ UT WOS:000285394200010 PM 21108678 ER PT J AU Thomson, AL Webb, SJ Bernier, R Wijsman, E AF Thomson, A. L. Webb, S. J. Bernier, R. Wijsman, E. TI EXAMINATION OF VERBAL INTELLIGENCE AND PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 26-29, 2011 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Federat Med Res Western Reg C1 [Thomson, A. L.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 EI 1708-8267 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 MA 6 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 697TZ UT WOS:000285542500021 ER PT J AU Pagnamenta, AT Khan, H Walker, S Gerrelli, D Wing, K Bonaglia, MC Giorda, R Berney, T Mani, E Molteni, M Pinto, D Le Couteur, A Hallmayer, J Sutcliffe, JS Szatmari, P Paterson, AD Scherer, SW Vieland, VJ Monaco, AP AF Pagnamenta, Alistair T. Khan, Hameed Walker, Susan Gerrelli, Dianne Wing, Kirsty Bonaglia, Maria Clara Giorda, Roberto Berney, Tom Mani, Elisa Molteni, Massimo Pinto, Dalila Le Couteur, Ann Hallmayer, Joachim Sutcliffe, James S. Szatmari, Peter Paterson, Andrew D. Scherer, Stephen W. Vieland, Veronica J. Monaco, Anthony P. TI Rare familial 16q21 microdeletions under a linkage peak implicate cadherin 8 (CDH8) in susceptibility to autism and learning disability SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENOME; LOCI; ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS; SHANK3; PHENOTYPES; GENES AB Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by impairments in social communication and by a pattern of repetitive behaviours, with learning disability (LD) typically seen in up to 70% of cases. A recent study using the PPL statistical framework identified a novel region of genetic linkage on chromosome 16q21 that is limited to ASD families with LD. Methods In this study, two families with autism and/or LD are described which harbour rare > 1.6 Mb microdeletions located within this linkage region. The deletion breakpoints are mapped at base-pair resolution and segregation analysis is performed using a combination of 1M single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology, array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), long-range PCR, and Sanger sequencing. The frequency of similar genomic variants in control subjects is determined through analysis of published SNP array data. Expression of CDH8, the only gene disrupted by these microdeletions, is assessed using reverse transcriptase PCR and in situ hybridisation analysis of 9 week human embryos. Results The deletion of chr16: 60 025 584-61 667 839 was transmitted to three of three boys with autism and LD and none of four unaffected siblings, from their unaffected mother. In a second family, an overlapping deletion of chr16: 58 724 527-60 547 472 was transmitted to an individual with severe LD from his father with moderate LD. No copy number variations (CNVs) disrupting CDH8 were observed in 5023 controls. Expression analysis indicates that the two CDH8 isoforms are present in the developing human cortex. Conclusion Rare familial 16q21 microdeletions and expression analysis implicate CDH8 in susceptibility to autism and LD. C1 [Pagnamenta, Alistair T.; Wing, Kirsty; Monaco, Anthony P.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. [Khan, Hameed; Walker, Susan; Pinto, Dalila; Paterson, Andrew D.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Khan, Hameed; Walker, Susan; Pinto, Dalila; Paterson, Andrew D.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Khan, Hameed; Walker, Susan; Pinto, Dalila; Paterson, Andrew D.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Gerrelli, Dianne] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Neural Dev Unit, London, England. [Mani, Elisa; Molteni, Massimo] Eugenio Medea Sci Inst, Dept Child Psychopathol, Bosisio Parini, Italy. [Berney, Tom; Le Couteur, Ann] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hallmayer, Joachim] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Child Dev, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Sutcliffe, James S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Szatmari, Peter] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Vieland, Veronica J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vieland, Veronica J.] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Battelle Ctr Math Med, Columbus, OH USA. RP Monaco, AP (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. EM anthony.monaco@well.ox.ac.uk RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Giorda, Roberto/J-1052-2014 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Giorda, Roberto/0000-0001-8175-9606 FU Simons Foundation; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Wellcome Trust [075491/Z/04]; NIH [MH086117]; Telethon Grant [GGP06208A/B]; Autism Speaks, Autistica; Genome Canada/Ontario Genomics Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Centre for Applied Genomics and the McLaughlin Centre FX Funding for this work comes from the Simons Foundation, the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation, the Wellcome Trust (075491/Z/04), the NIH (MH086117), a Telethon Grant (GGP06208A/B), Autism Speaks, Autistica, Genome Canada/Ontario Genomics Institute, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, The Centre for Applied Genomics and the McLaughlin Centre. Tissue for the in situ work was provided by the MRC/Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource. 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Med. Genet. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1136/jmg.2010.079426 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 695PB UT WOS:000285383600007 PM 20972252 ER PT J AU Heinzlmann, A Toth, ZE Koves, K AF Heinzlmann, Andrea Toth, Zsuzsanna E. Koeves, Katalin TI Secretin mRNA in the Subdivision of Primary Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal Ganglion of Rats SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE In situ hybridization; Immunohistochemistry; CGRP; Substance-P; VIP ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; CYCLASE ACTIVATING PEPTIDE; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLIA; SUBSTANCE-P; SPINAL-CORD; CHOLINE-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; SUPERFICIAL LAMINAE; EXPRESSION; AUTISM; POLYPEPTIDE AB The primary sensory neurons use glutamate as a major neurotransmitter. Several neuropeptides are also found in these neurons. In our laboratory we demonstrated secretin-like immunoreactivity in primary sensory neurons of several species including human, rat and cat. In the present experiment utilizing in situ hybridization, we have demonstrated for the first time that secretin is not only immunostained but is also expressed in the primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion of male rats. In intact rats, secretin mRNA was not observed; we had to use intracerebroventricular colchicine administration to induce the expression of secretin. Secretin was expressed in about 5% of the cells in all the three subdivisions of the trigeminal ganglion. The secretin-synthetizing cells were large and medium sized, and their mean diameter was about 50 mu m. When we compared the percentage and the size of secretin to that of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance-P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) cells, it was found that CGRP, SP and VIP are present in about 15-20% of the cells and their mean diameter is about 20-25 mu m. The morphometric data indicate that secretin is present in a subdivision of neurons that is different from the subdivision of the CGRP, SP and VIP cells. It is suggested that secretin may modulate the function of the primary neurotransmitter. C1 [Heinzlmann, Andrea; Koeves, Katalin] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Human Morphol & Dev Biol, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary. [Toth, Zsuzsanna E.] Semmelweis Univ, Neuromorphol & Neuroendocrine Res Lab, Dept Anat Histol & Embryol, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. [Toth, Zsuzsanna E.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, Hungary. RP Heinzlmann, A (reprint author), Semmelweis Univ, Dept Human Morphol & Dev Biol, Tuzolto 58, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary. EM handrea@ana2.sote.hu FU ETT [495/09]; Bolyai Fellowship; Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology; Apathy Foundation FX We are grateful to Mrs. Anna Takacs and Judit Kerti for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by ETT Grant 495/09 and Bolyai Fellowship to Zsuzsanna E. Toth and by the Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology and Apathy Foundation to Andrea Heinzlmann. 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Mol. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s12031-010-9395-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 705CJ UT WOS:000286106100015 PM 20582488 ER PT J AU Koves, K Kiss, G Heinzlmann, A Dochnal, R Manczinger, M Pal, A Sipos, I Szabo, G AF Koeves, Katalin Kiss, Gusztav Heinzlmann, Andrea Dochnal, Roberta Manczinger, M. Pal, Agnes Sipos, I. Szabo, Gyula TI Secretin Attenuates the Hereditary Repetitive Hyperactive Movements in a Mouse Model SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Open-field test; Japanese waltzing mouse; Stereotypic movement ID AUTISM; RAT; AMYGDALA; BRAIN; CEREBELLUM; EXPRESSION; SYSTEM; GENE; PC12 AB It was previously demonstrated that secretin influenced the behavior of rats investigated by open-field test. In the present experiment, we have compared the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of 2 mu g of secretin on the behavior of CFLP white and Japanese waltzing mice. These latter animals exhibit stereotypic circular movements. The effect of secretin on the horizontal (ambulation) and vertical movements (rearing and jumping) was investigated in open-field test. The ambulation time and distance were shorter, and the number of rearing and jumping were much lower in Japanese waltzing mice than in CFLP white mice during 30 min-experimental period. In white mice, 2 mu g of secretin had no effect on the above-mentioned parameters; however, in Japanese waltzing mice, secretin enhanced the ambulation time and distance to the level of CFLP white mice, but did not influence the rearing and jumping. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that intracerebroventricularly administered secretin attenuated the stereotypic (circulating) movement and improved the horizontal movement indicated by the normalization of the ambulation time and distance; however, it did not influence the explorative behavior (rearing and jumping) in our special animal model. C1 [Koeves, Katalin; Heinzlmann, Andrea] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Human Morphol & Dev Biol, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary. [Kiss, Gusztav; Dochnal, Roberta; Manczinger, M.; Pal, Agnes; Sipos, I.; Szabo, Gyula] Albert Szent Gyorgyi Med Univ, Dept Pathophysiol, Fac Med, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. RP Koves, K (reprint author), Semmelweis Univ, Dept Human Morphol & Dev Biol, Tuzolto 58, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary. EM koves@ana2.sote.hu FU Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University; ETT-Grant [355-08] FX This work was partially supported by the Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University and ETT-Grant (355-08) to Gyula Szabo. We say thanks to Anna Takacs for her technical assistance. 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Mol. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s12031-010-9408-z PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 705CJ UT WOS:000286106100016 PM 20607447 ER PT J AU Chaudhary, U Zhu, BH Godavarty, A AF Chaudhary, Ujwal Zhu, Banghe Godavarty, Anuradha TI Frontal cortical connectivity and lateralisation of joint attention experience using near infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE joint attention; near infrared spectroscopy; haemodynamic response; connectivity; lateralisation; dominance; frontal cortex ID FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; OPTICAL TOPOGRAPHY; BRAIN; ACTIVATION; CORTEX; SIGNAL; LIGHT AB Autism is a socio-communication brain development disorder. It is marked by degeneration in the ability to respond to joint attention skill tasks, from as early as 12 to 18 months of age. This trait is used to distinguish autistic from typically developing populations. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used for the first time to study brain connectivity and lateralisation in response to joint attention experience in normal adults. The pre- and anterior frontal regions of the brain were non-invasively imaged using a frequency-domains based NIR system. The imaging studies were performed on 11 normal right-handed adults and optical measurements were acquired in response to joint-attention based video clips. Functional connectivity analysis was performed using intensity and relative phase shift data of the frequency-domain optical signals. Functional connectivity was computed using zero-order correlations and the cortical lateralisation analyses was also performed. Strong functional connectivity (in terms of Hb0 (oxy-haemoglobin), HbT (total haemoglobin) and relative phase shift data) in the pre-frontal cortex, was observed, irrespective of the stimuli (joint-attention (J), non-joint attention (NJ), and baseline rest (RI; J, NJ or RI. However, in the anterior frontal cortex, although the connectivity (based on Hb0 and HbT) demonstrated a strong correlation between the left and right regions, the connectivity (based on relative phase shift data) demonstrated a weaker correlation. The cortical lateralisation study demonstrated a right pre-frontal dominance during NJ and R stimuli, and not so in the J stimulus. The lateralisation study complemented the connectivity study by revealing that, although both the volume and pathlengths of the left and right pre-frontal cortex are similar, the dominance can vary with respect to stimuli. The high temporal resolution of NIR spectroscopy enabled study of the neural pathway associated with the socio-communicative skills, and hence the results have potential to elucidate the neural pathways associated with autism. Future NIR studies on autistic and typically developing children in response to the socio-communicative tasks (e.g. joint attention experience), may have a significant impact in early stage diagnostic intervention of autism in much younger children (< three years of age). C1 [Chaudhary, Ujwal; Zhu, Banghe; Godavarty, Anuradha] Florida Int Univ, Opt Imaging Lab, Dept Biomed Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Godavarty, A (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Opt Imaging Lab, Dept Biomed Engn, 10555 W Flagler St,EC 2675, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM godavart@fiu.edu FU Don Marino Foundation via University of Miami FX The work is funded by Marino Autism Research Institute (MARI) funds provided by the Don Marino Foundation via University of Miami. The authors would like to thank Dr Justin Williams (University of Aberdeen, UK) for permitting us to use his video clips (for the various stimuli) that were provided to us via Dr Peter Mundy (UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute), for the experimental design and study. 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Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1255/jnirs.921 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 785KT UT WOS:000292228600002 ER PT J AU Gould, GG Hensler, JG Burke, TF Benno, RH Onaivi, ES Daws, LC AF Gould, Georgianna G. Hensler, Julie G. Burke, Teresa F. Benno, Robert H. Onaivi, Emmanuel S. Daws, Lynette C. TI Density and function of central serotonin (5-HT) transporters, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, and effects of their targeting on BTBR T plus tf/J mouse social behavior SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 5-HT1A receptor; buspirone; CA(1) of hippocampus; fluoxetine; SERT; sociability ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; KNOCKOUT MICE; RAT-BRAIN; INBRED STRAINS; REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; UPTAKE SITES; MUTANT MICE; T+TF/J MICE; GENE AB P>BTBR mice are potentially useful tools for autism research because their behavior parallels core social interaction impairments and restricted-repetitive behaviors. Altered regulation of central serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission may underlie such behavioral deficits. To test this, we compared 5-HT transporter (SERT), 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor densities among BTBR and C57 strains. Autoradiographic [3H] cyanoimipramine (1nM) binding to SERT was 20-30% lower throughout the adult BTBR brain as compared to C57BL/10J mice. In hippocampal membrane homogenates, [3H] citalopram maximal binding (B-max) to SERT was 95 +/- 13 fmol/mg protein in BTBR and 171 +/- 20 fmol/mg protein in C57BL/6J mice, and the BTBR dissociation constant (K-D) was 2.0 +/- 0.3 nM versus 1.1 +/- 0.2 in C57BL/6J mice. Hippocampal 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor binding was similar among strains. However, 8-OH-DPAT-stimulated [35S] GTP gamma S binding in the BTBR hippocampal CA(1) region was 28% higher, indicating elevated 5-HT1A capacity to activate G-proteins. In BTBR mice, the SERT blocker, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) and the 5-HT1A receptor partial-agonist, buspirone (2 mg/kg) enhanced social interactions. The D-2/5-HT2 receptor antagonist, risperidone (0.1 mg/kg) reduced marble burying, but failed to improve sociability. Overall, altered SERT and/or 5-HT1A functionality in hippocampus could contribute to the relatively low sociability of BTBR mice. C1 [Gould, Georgianna G.; Daws, Lynette C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Hensler, Julie G.; Burke, Teresa F.; Daws, Lynette C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pharmacol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Benno, Robert H.; Onaivi, Emmanuel S.] William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ USA. RP Gould, GG (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Physiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM gouldg@uthscsa.edu FU San Antonio Area Foundation; SWCOEH at UT Houston [NIOSH T42-OH008421-05]; NIH [MH64489, MH52369, MH071488]; Dean Sandra DeYoung; College of Science and Health; William Paterson University FX This research was supported by a research grant from the San Antonio Area Foundation (GGG), a NIOSH T42-OH008421-05 Pilot Project sub award from SWCOEH at UT Houston (GGG), NIH MH64489 (LCD), MH52369 (JGH), MH071488 (JGH, LCD), and funding from Dean Sandra DeYoung, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University (RHB, ESO). We thank Norman Schanz (William Paterson University) and Steven Alvarado (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, UTHSCSA) for their outstanding assistance with the mouse colonies. We are grateful to Alan Frazer and David Morilak in the Department of Pharmacology, UTHSCSA for provision of ligand and permitting our use of their lab equipment, and Stephen T. Schultz, Commander Naval Medical Research Unit, San Antonio TX for his critical review of this manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest. 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Neurochem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 116 IS 2 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07104.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 695TF UT WOS:000285394800013 PM 21070242 ER PT J AU Guerini, FR Bolognesi, E Chiappedi, M De Silvestri, A Ghezzo, A Zanette, M Rusconi, B Manca, S Sotgiu, S Agliardi, C Clerici, M AF Guerini, Franca R. Bolognesi, Elisabetta Chiappedi, Matteo De Silvestri, Annalisa Ghezzo, Alessandro Zanette, Michela Rusconi, Beatrice Manca, Salvatorica Sotgiu, Stefano Agliardi, Cristina Clerici, Mario TI HLA polymorphisms in Italian children with autism spectrum disorders: Results of a family based linkage study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorder; Family based study; MHC; Microsatellite; Single nucleotide polymorphism ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; SARDINIAN CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; REGION; RISK; DISEQUILIBRIUM; HAPLOTYPES; DISEASE; HLA-DR4 AB To verify correlations between HLA and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) we studied 61 Italian families with an ASD child; results showed such correlation in 65% of cases. Case-control and TDT analysis of intrafamilial transmission of SNPs. Msats, and HLA markers surrounding the alpha and beta blocks, indicated significant positive associations for MOGc*131 and D6S2239*105 alleles in ASD, and a negative association of MIB *332 allele in healthy siblings. Polymorphism haplotype analysis demonstrated that two haplotypes comprising the TNF-238(G)-TNF-308(G)-MIB*332-HLA-B*38-HLA-Cw*12 and the D6S265*218-HLA-A*23-MOGc*131-rs2857766 (G) alleles are more frequently transmitted to ASD. MOGc and MIB loci are linked with ASD in Italian patients. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guerini, Franca R.; Bolognesi, Elisabetta; Agliardi, Cristina; Clerici, Mario] Don C Gnocchi Fdn IRCCS, Lab Mol Med & Biotechnol, Milan, Italy. [Chiappedi, Matteo] Fdn Don C Gnocchi, SM Fond Med Ctr, Rehabil Unit, Pavia, Italy. [De Silvestri, Annalisa] IRCCS Policlin San Matteo, Unit Clin Epidemiol & Biometry, Pavia, Italy. [Ghezzo, Alessandro] Fdn Don C Gnocchi, Ctr Bignamini, Ancona, Italy. [Zanette, Michela] Don C Gnocchi Fdn IRCCS, Dept Neuropsychiat, Milan, Italy. [Rusconi, Beatrice] Sacra Famiglia Inst, Dept Neuropsychiat, Milan, Italy. [Manca, Salvatorica] Univ Sassari, Inst Child Neuropsychiat, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Sotgiu, Stefano] Univ Sassari, Neurol Sect, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Clerici, Mario] Univ Milan, Dept Biomed Sci & Technol, Milan, Italy. RP Guerini, FR (reprint author), Fdn Don C Gnocchi, Lab Mol Med & Biotechnol, IRCCS S Maria Nascente, Via Capecelatro 66, I-20148 Milan, Italy. EM fguerini@dongnocchi.it RI Guerini, Franca/G-8055-2012; De Silvestri, Annalisa/I-6024-2014 OI De Silvestri, Annalisa/0000-0003-3128-8441 FU Italian Ministry of Health [526/D25] FX This work was supported by a grant from Italian Ministry of Health (ISS 2007; Conv. No. 526/D25) and 2009 Ricerca Corrente funds granted by the Italian Ministry of Health. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.10.019 PG 8 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 717VT UT WOS:000287076200017 PM 21084121 ER PT J AU Peppe, S Cleland, J Gibbon, F O'Hare, A Castilla, PM AF Peppe, Susan Cleland, Joanne Gibbon, Fiona O'Hare, Anne Martinez Castilla, Pastora TI Expressive prosody in children with autism spectrum conditions SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Prosody; Intonation; Language ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; INTONATION; DISORDERS; CLASSIFICATION; COMPREHENSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSIS AB The expressive prosodic abilities of two groups of school-age children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) Asperger s syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA) were compared with those of typically-developing controls The HFA group showed impairment relative to age-matched controls on all the prosody tasks assessed (affect sentence-type contrastive stress phrasing and imitation) while the AS showed impairment only on phrasing and imitation Compared with lexically-matched controls impairment on several tasks (affect contrastive stress and imitation) was found in the HFA group but little in the AS group (phrasing and imitation) Comparisons between the ASC groups showed considerable differences on prosody skills Impairment in prosodic skills may therefore be a reliable indicator of autism spectrum subgroups at least as far as communicative functioning is concerned There were also significant differences between ASC groups and lexically-matched typically-developing children on expressive language skills but the incomplete correlation of the prosody results with scores on language tasks suggests that the prosodic differences between the two groups may not all be attributable to the level of language skills Suggested further research is to investigate the relationship of prosody and language skills in this population more closely and to develop a prosody test as part of the diagnostic criteria of ASC (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Peppe, Susan; Cleland, Joanne] Queen Margaret Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gibbon, Fiona] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Cork, Ireland. [O'Hare, Anne] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Reprod & Dev Med, Edinburgh EH9 1TS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Martinez Castilla, Pastora] Univ Distancia Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RP Peppe, S (reprint author), Queen Margaret Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Midlothian, Scotland. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.07.005 PG 13 WC Linguistics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 682FS UT WOS:000284387400004 ER PT J AU Moon, EC Corkum, P Smith, IM AF Moon, Erin C. Corkum, Penny Smith, Isabel M. TI Case Study: A Case-Series Evaluation of a Behavioral Sleep Intervention for Three Children with Autism and Primary Insomnia SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum; disorder; intervention outcome; sleep ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; NIGHT WAKING; EFFICACY; MEDICINE; BEDTIME AB Objective To assess the effectiveness of a manualized multi-component behavioral sleep intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and primary insomnia. Methods Three children (2 males and 1 female, aged 8-9 years) participated. The intervention consisted of a treatment handbook for parents; a distance treatment approach was used in which parents had weekly telephone contact with a therapist. The main behavioral strategies employed were Faded Bedtime with Response Cost and positive reinforcement. Within a case-series design, both subjective (parent-report questionnaires and sleep diaries) and objective (actigraphy) measures were used to record changes in children's sleep and daytime behavior. Results For all 3 children, mean sleep onset latency was reduced following the intervention. These improvements were generally maintained at follow-up 12 weeks later. Conclusions The current study provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a manualized behavioral sleep intervention program for improving insomnia in children with ASD. C1 [Corkum, Penny] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Psychol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. 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Pediatr. Psychol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq057 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 709XI UT WOS:000286474300006 PM 20630993 ER PT J AU Reniers, RLEP Corcoran, R Drake, R Shryane, NM Vollm, BA AF Reniers, Renate L. E. P. Corcoran, Rhiannon Drake, Richard Shryane, Nick M. Voellm, Birgit A. TI The QCAE: A Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; EMOTIONAL EMPATHY; PSYCHOPATHY; DEFICITS; ADULTS; PERSONALITY AB Empathy has been inconsistently defined and inadequately measured. This research aimed to produce a new and rigorously developed questionnaire. Exploratory (n1= 640) and confirmatory (n2= 318) factor analyses were employed to develop the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). 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PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1080/00223891.2010.528484 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 715NM UT WOS:000286891200012 PM 21184334 ER PT J AU Eser, D Uhr, M Leicht, G Asmus, M Langer, A Schule, C Baghai, TC Mulert, C Rupprecht, R AF Eser, Daniela Uhr, Manfred Leicht, Gregor Asmus, Maria Laenger, Anna Schuele, Cornelius Baghai, Thomas C. Mulert, Christoph Rupprecht, Rainer TI Glyoxalase-I mRNA expression and CCK-4 induced panic attacks SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Glyoxalase-1; CCK-4; Panic disorder; Anxiety; Challenge paradigm ID ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR; CHOLECYSTOKININ-TETRAPEPTIDE; TRAIT ANXIETY; MOUSE MODEL; DISORDER; PROTEIN; AUTISM; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; EXTREMES AB Rationale: There is evidence that the anti-glycation enzyme glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) may play a role in anxiety-related behaviour. However, discordant findings between GLO1 expression and anxiety-related behaviour have been observed in animal models. Because no data are available on the relation between GLO1 mRNA expression and human anxiety so far, we investigated the expression of GLO1 mRNA in peripheral blood cells in relation to cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) induced panic anxiety in healthy subjects as an established model of human anxiety in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty-three healthy subjects underwent challenge with CCK-4. GLO1 mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction prior to CCK-4 injection. Baseline anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) and panic response was measured with the Panic Symptom Scale (PSS). Results: CCK-4 elicited a marked anxiety response accompanied by a significant increase in heart rate. GLO1 mRNA expression did not correlate with state or trait anxiety nor with severity of CCK-4 induced anxiety. Conclusions: The lack of correlation between GLO1 mRNA expression and CCK-4 induced panic severity suggests that GLO1 is not involved into the acute panic response to CCK-4 in healthy volunteers. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the involvement of GLO1 in anxiety disorders at baseline and in anxiety challenge paradigms to resolve the apparent contradictions of preclinical studies concerning the relationship between GLO1 expression and anxiety. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eser, Daniela; Leicht, Gregor; Laenger, Anna; Schuele, Cornelius; Baghai, Thomas C.; Mulert, Christoph; Rupprecht, Rainer] Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Uhr, Manfred; Asmus, Maria; Rupprecht, Rainer] Max Planck Inst Psychiat, D-80804 Munich, Germany. RP Eser, D (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Nussbaumstr 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany. EM daniela.eser@med.uni-muenchen.de RI Mulert, Christoph/F-2576-2012 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich [553/543] FX This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and a research grant 553/543 of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich. 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Psychiatr. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.008 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 717VJ UT WOS:000287075200010 PM 20542521 ER PT J AU Groen, WB Buitelaar, JK van der Gaag, RJ Zwiers, MP AF Groen, Wouter B. Buitelaar, Jan K. van der Gaag, Rutger J. Zwiers, Marcel P. TI Pervasive microstructural abnormalities in autism: a DTI study SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGES; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WHITE-MATTER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; GROWTH-PATTERNS; BRAIN; CONNECTIVITY AB Background: Recent studies have reported abnormal functional connectivity patterns in the brains of people with autism that may be accompanied by decreases in white matter integrity. Since autism is a developmental disorder, we aim to investigate the nature and location of decreases in white and grey matter integrity in an adolescent sample while accounting for age. Methods: We used structural (T 1) imaging to study brain volumetrics and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white and grey matter integrity in people with autism. We obtained magnetic resonance images for adolescents aged 12-18 years with high-functioning autism and from matched controls. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, as well as grey and white matter volumetrics were analyzed. Results: There were 17 participants with autism and 25 matched controls included in this study. Participants with autism had lower fractional anisotropy in the left and right superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, but this effect was not significant after adjusting for age and intelligence quotient (IQ). The kurtosis of the white matter fractional anisotropy probability distribution was higher in this participant group, with and without adjustment for age and IQ. Most notably, however, the mean diffusivity levels were markedly increased in the autism group throughout the brain, and the mean diffusivity probability distributions of both grey and white matter were shifted toward a higher value, particularly with age and IQ adjustment. No volumetric differences in grey and white matter were found. Limitations: We corrected for age and IQ using a linear model. The study was also limited by its sample size, investigated age range and cross-sectional design. Conclusion: The findings suggest that autism is characterized by a generalized reduction of white matter integrity that is associated with an increase of interstitial space. The generalized manifestation of the white matter abnormalities provides an important new perspective on autism as a connectivity disorder. C1 [Groen, Wouter B.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; van der Gaag, Rutger J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Med Ctr, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Groen, Wouter B.; van der Gaag, Rutger J.; Zwiers, Marcel P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Groen, Wouter B.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Zwiers, Marcel P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Med Ctr, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Med Ctr, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Groen, WB (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Med Ctr, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM w.groen@psy.umcn.nl RI Zwiers, Marcel/D-2968-2009; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 OI Zwiers, Marcel/0000-0001-5483-2935; Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; FU Eli Lilly; Janssen Cilag BV; Janssen Cilag; Medice FX None declared by Drs. Groen, van der Gaag and Zwiers. Dr. Buitelaar reported being a board member and paid consultant of Janssen Cilag BV and Eli Lilly, receiving a grant from Eli Lilly and being paid for the development of educational presentations by Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag and Medice. CR Achenbach T. 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Psychiatry Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1503/jpn.090100 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 696SI UT WOS:000285461300005 PM 20964953 ER PT J AU Treadwell-Deering, D AF Treadwell-Deering, Diane TI Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Treadwell-Deering, Diane] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Treadwell-Deering, D (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CR GOLDSTEIN S, 2009, ASSESSMENT AUTISM SP, DOI DOI 10.1038/SJ.MP.4001711 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.11.001 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 700WX UT WOS:000285776100011 ER PT J AU DeLong, G AF DeLong, Gayle TI A Positive Association found between Autism Prevalence and Childhood Vaccination uptake across the US Population SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL MERCURY RELEASE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; CHILDREN; PORPHYRINURIA; THIMEROSAL; TOXICITY; ACTIVATION; BIOMARKERS AB The reason for the rapid rise of autism in the United States that began in the 1990s is a mystery. Although individuals probably have a genetic predisposition to develop autism, researchers suspect that one or more environmental triggers are also needed. One of those triggers might be the battery of vaccinations that young children receive. Using regression analysis and controlling for family income and ethnicity, the relationship between the proportion of children who received the recommended vaccines by age 2 years and the prevalence of autism (AUT) or speech or language impairment (SLI) in each U.S. state from 2001 and 2007 was determined. A positive and statistically significant relationship was found: The higher the proportion of children receiving recommended vaccinations, the higher was the prevalence of AUT or SLI. A 1% increase in vaccination was associated with an additional 680 children having AUT or SLI. Neither parental behavior nor access to care affected the results, since vaccination proportions were not significantly related (statistically) to any other disability or to the number of pediatricians in a U.S. state. The results suggest that although mercury has been removed from many vaccines, other culprits may link vaccines to autism. 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Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 14 BP 903 EP 916 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.573736 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 772YL UT WOS:000291274100002 PM 21623535 ER PT J AU Shandley, K Austin, DW AF Shandley, Kerrie Austin, David W. TI ANCESTRY OF PINK DISEASE (INFANTILE ACRODYNIA) IDENTIFIED AS A RISK FACTOR FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL MERCURY RELEASE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; BIOMARKERS; THIMEROSAL; CHILDHOOD; TOXICITY; DIAGNOSIS; VACCINES; EPILEPSY AB Pink disease (infantile acrodynia) was especially prevalent in the first half of the 20th century. Primarily attributed to exposure to mercury (Hg) commonly found in teething powders, the condition was developed by approximately 1 in 500 exposed children. The differential risk factor was identified as an idiosyncratic sensitivity to Hg. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have also been postulated to be produced by Hg. Analogous to the pink disease experience, Hg exposure is widespread yet only a fraction of exposed children develop an ASD, suggesting sensitivity to Hg may also be present in children with an ASD. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that individuals with a known hypersensitivity to Hg (pink disease survivors) may be more likely to have descendants with an ASD. Five hundred and twenty-two participants who had previously been diagnosed with pink disease completed a survey on the health outcomes of their descendants. The prevalence rates of ASD and a variety of other clinical conditions diagnosed in childhood (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, Fragile X syndrome, and Down syndrome) were compared to well-established general population prevalence rates. The results showed the prevalence rate of ASD among the grandchildren of pink disease survivors (1 in 25) to be significantly higher than the comparable general population prevalence rate (1 in 160). The results support the hypothesis that Hg sensitivity may be a heritable/genetic risk factor for ASD. C1 [Shandley, Kerrie; Austin, David W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Swinburne Autism Biores Initiat SABRI, Brain & Psychol Sci Res Ctr, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Austin, DW (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Swinburne Autism Biores Initiat SABRI, Brain & Psychol Sci Res Ctr, Mail H29,POB 218, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM daustin@swin.edu.au FU Swinburne Autism Bio-Research Initiative; Pink Disease Support Group FX This study was funded by donations generously made to the Swinburne Autism Bio-Research Initiative (www.sabri.org.au). We thank Di Farnsworth, the facilitator of the Pink Disease Support Group (www.pinkdisease.org), for her support of the study and role in the recruitment of Pink Disease survivors. We also thank Sam Critchley for her assistance in entering the survey data and Dr. Denny Meyer and Dr. Jahar Bhowmik for their statistical assistance. 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Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 18 BP 1185 EP 1194 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.590097 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 820KR UT WOS:000294905100001 PM 21797771 ER PT J AU Chelnokova, O Laeng, B AF Chelnokova, Olga Laeng, Bruno TI Three-dimensional information in face recognition: An eye-tracking study SO JOURNAL OF VISION LA English DT Article DE face recognition; eye movements; depth perception; stereo vision; anaglyphs; 3D; interpupillary distance ID UNFAMILIAR FACES; CANONICAL VIEWS; MOVEMENTS; SHAPE; REPRESENTATIONS; PERCEPTION; ADVANTAGE; OBJECTS; AUTISM; STEREO AB One unresolved question about face perception is: what is the role of three-dimensional information in face recognition? In this study, recognition performance was compared across changes in viewpoint in different depth conditions: a 2D condition without stereo information and a 3D condition where stereo information was present (by viewing the same face images as anaglyphs through 3D glasses). Subjects' eye movements were recorded during both 3D and 2D sessions. The findings revealed that participants were more accurate in the 3D condition. Moreover, individual differences in interpupillary distance predicted recognition performance in the 3D but not in the 2D condition. A "region of interest" analysis of gaze data showed that rich volumetric properties provided by certain facial features (e. g., the nose and the cheeks) were attended more in the 3D condition compared to the 2D condition. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that face recognition across viewpoint transformation is facilitated by the addition of stereoscopic depth cues. 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Vision PY 2011 VL 11 IS 13 AR 27 DI 10.1167/11.13.27 PG 15 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 858OE UT WOS:000297809200028 PM 22131448 ER PT J AU Martinez-Castilla, P Sotillo, M Campos, R AF Martinez-Castilla, Pastora Sotillo, Maria Campos, Ruth TI Prosodic abilities of Spanish-speaking adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome SO LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; Prosodic abilities; Adolescents; Adults; Deficits ID SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COGNITIVE-ABILITIES; DOWNS-SYNDROME; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE; LINGUISTIC ABILITIES; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; ITALIAN CHILDREN; DISSOCIATION; INDIVIDUALS AB In spite of the relevant role of prosody in communication, and in contrast with other linguistic components, there is paucity of research in this field for Williams syndrome (WS). Therefore, this study performed a systematic assessment of prosodic abilities in WS. The Spanish version of the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication battery was administered to 27 Spanish-speaking adolescents and adults with WS and a control group of 54 typically developing participants matched for chronological age (CA). Participants with WS presented prosodic deficits, relative to their CA, to comprehend and express prosodic cues both on a function and a form level. These difficulties were mainly due to their cognitive impairments. In addition, the areas of understanding and expressing the prosodic function of segmentation and the expression of the nonfinal contrastive focus were found to be particularly impaired in WS. C1 [Martinez-Castilla, Pastora] Univ Distancia Madrid, Dept Psychol, Madrid 28400, Spain. [Sotillo, Maria; Campos, Ruth] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Basic Psychol, Madrid, Spain. RP Martinez-Castilla, P (reprint author), Univ Distancia Madrid, Dept Psychol, Camino Fonda 20, Madrid 28400, Spain. 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Cogn. Process. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1082 DI 10.1080/01690965.2010.504058 PG 28 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 878TB UT WOS:000299278500003 ER PT J AU Ahmed, E Azza, A Youssri, A Abdelrahim, S AF Ahmed, E. Azza, A. Youssri O, A. Abdelrahim, S. TI Effect of Bilateral Chronic Secretory Otitis media on Childhood Autistic Rating Score (CARS) Test. SO LIFE SCIENCE JOURNAL-ACTA ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY OVERSEAS EDITION LA English DT Article DE childhood autistic rating score; chronic conductive hearing impairment; DLD; Autism ID AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SPACE MAP; LANGUAGE; LOCALIZATION; PERCEPTION; CUES AB The purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of bilateral chronic Secretory Otitis Media (S.O.M) on childhood autistic rating score in delayed language development children.: This study included 140 children having bilateral chronic secretory otitis, autistic feature and Delayed language development (DLD) in addition to 40 normal hearing, autistic feature children with DLD as a control. All children under the study came to Phoniatrics clinic in the period between 2007 to 2010, complaining from delayed language development with autistic features. Children in this study were classified into 2 groups; control and study groups. The study group was subdivided into 3 subgroups according to their hearing threshold level. All children were subjected to Childhood Autistic Rating Score (CARS) and Psychometric evaluation. Obtained results revealed that Children who had high hearing threshold level, found to be had high score at CARS with as, there was increase in the severity of CARS scores increasing hearing threshold level. In conclusion bilateral chronic Secretory Otitis Media can affect the severity of CARS results together with its obligate change borderline CARS score into autistic one. [E. Ahmed, A. Azza, A. Youssri O. and S. Abdelrahim. Effect of Bilateral Chronic Secretory Otitis media On Childhood Autistic Rating Score (CARS) Test.. Life Science Journal 2011; 8(4):1142-1147]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 139 C1 [Ahmed, E.] Sohag Univ, ENT Dept, Phoniatr Unit, Cairo, Egypt. [Azza, A.] Al Azhar Univ, ENT Dept, Audiol Unit, Cairo, Egypt. 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Ted Li, Xiaohong TI NF-kappa B Signaling in the Brain of Autistic Subjects SO MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID BTBR-T+TF/J MICE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INBRED STRAINS; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS; CHILDREN; INNATE; BCL-2 AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems in communication, social skills, and repetitive behavior. Recent studies suggest that apoptotic and inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disorder. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is an important gene transcriptional factor involved in the mediation of inflammation and apoptosis. This study examined the activities of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in the brain of autistic subjects and their age-matched controls. The NF-kappa B activation is also determined in the brain of BTBR mice, which is a promising animal model for study of pathogenic mechanisms responsible for autism. Our results showed that the level of IKK alpha kinase, which phosphorylates the inhibitory subunit I kappa B alpha, is significantly increased in the cerebellum of autistic subjects. However, the expression and phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha are not altered. In addition, our results demonstrated that the expression of NF-kappa B (p65), and the phosphorylation/activation of NF-kappa B (p65) at Ser536 are not significantly changed in the cerebellum and cortex of both autistic subjects and BTBR mice. Our findings suggest that the NF-kappa B signaling pathway is not disregulated in the brain of autistic subjects and thus may not be significantly involved in the processes of abnormal inflammatory responses suggested in autistic brain. C1 [Malik, Mazhar; Tauqeer, Zujaja; Sheikh, Ashfaq M.; Wen, Guang; Nagori, Amenah; Yang, Kun; Brown, W. Ted; Li, Xiaohong] New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Neurochem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. 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EM vramacha@ucsd.edu; eseckel@ucsd.edu CR ALTSCHULER EL, 1997, 27 ANN M SOC NEUR LA RIZZOLATTI G, 1988, EXP BRAIN RES, V71, P491, DOI 10.1007/BF00248742 Dapretto M, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P28, DOI 10.1038/nn1611 Keysers C, 2004, NEURON, V42, P335, DOI 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00156-4 Nishitani N, 2004, ANN NEUROL, V55, P558, DOI 10.1002/ana.20031 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD JAN PY 2011 VL 76 IS 1 BP 150 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.047 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 715VP UT WOS:000286918400044 PM 21095065 ER PT J AU Brandimonte, MA Filippello, P Coluccia, E Altgassen, M Kliegel, M AF Brandimonte, Maria A. Filippello, Pina Coluccia, Emanuele Altgassen, Mareike Kliegel, Matthias TI To do or not to do? Prospective memory versus response inhibition in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO MEMORY LA English DT Article DE Prospective memory; Response inhibition; Autism spectrum disorder; ASD; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; 6 ELEMENTS TEST; CHILDREN; ADHD; MULTITASKING; DYSFUNCTION; PROFILES; BEHAVIOR AB In the present research, event-based prospective memory and response inhibition (RI) abilities were investigated in children with ASD (Study 1), with ADHD (Study 2), and their matched neurotypical controls. Children engaged in a categorisation (ongoing) task and, concurrently, in either an event-based prospective memory (PM) or a Go/No-Go secondary task. Results showed that, as compared to their matched controls, ASD children's performance was more impaired in the PM task than in the Go/No-Go task, while the performance pattern of ADHD children was reversed. In the ongoing task, ASD children were as accurate as, but significantly slower than, controls, independently of conditions. ADHD children did not differ from controls in the presence of a concurrent PM task, while they were less accurate than controls in the presence of the go/no-go task. Overall, the two patterns of findings suggest important differences in the way ASD and ADHD children remember and realise intentions requiring opposite behaviours (acting vs stopping). C1 [Brandimonte, Maria A.; Coluccia, Emanuele] Suor Orsola Benincasa Univ, Expt Psychol Lab, I-80127 Naples, Italy. [Filippello, Pina] Univ Messina, Messina, Italy. [Altgassen, Mareike; Kliegel, Matthias] Tech Univ Dresden, Dresden, Germany. RP Brandimonte, MA (reprint author), Suor Orsola Benincasa Univ, Expt Psychol Lab, Via Suor Orsola, I-80127 Naples, Italy. EM maria.brandimonte@unisob.na.it RI Altgassen, Mareike/J-3048-2012; Filippello, Pina/G-3483-2015 OI Filippello, Pina/0000-0002-9327-0119 CR Altgassen M, 2010, J NEURODEV DISORD, V2, P2, DOI 10.1007/s11689-009-9030-y Altgassen M, 2009, BRAIN IMPAIR, V10, P52 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2000, DSM 4 TR MAN DIAGN S Behrmann M, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V44, P110, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.002 Brandimonte M. 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TI Memory for actions in autism spectrum disorder SO MEMORY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Metamemory; Action memory ID SUBJECT-PERFORMED TASKS; WORKING-MEMORY; ACTION EVENTS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; EPISODIC MEMORY; FREE-RECALL; ADULT AGE AB This study explored how memory for actions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing children might benefit from self-performance and experimenter demonstration, and whether these groups possess metamemory knowledge of their performance levels in this task. Children with autism were less accurate on the action memory task when they carried out each action themselves during encoding, or when no actions were implemented during this phase, but this difference was abolished when the experimenter demonstrated each action during encoding. Despite clear difficulties in the self-performed condition relative to typical children, the group with ASD also showed a beneficial effect of performing the actions themselves during instruction. Finally, children with autism were as accurate as typical children in judging the accuracy of their own memory performance, indicating an absence of metamemory difficulties for this task. C1 [Wojcik, D. Z.; Allen, R. J.; Brown, C.; Souchay, C.] Univ Leeds, Inst Psychol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Wojcik, DZ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Psychol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. 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However, researchers may not fully realize that blind observance of this recommendation could lead to an unfruitful effort, despite the repeated warnings from methodologists. Through both a review of 14 published empirical studies and a Monte Carlo simulation study, the present study demonstrates that observed power is usually not as informative or helpful as we think because (a) observed power for a nonsignificant test is generally low and, therefore, does not provide additional information to the test; and (b) a low observed power does not always indicate that the test is underpowered. Implications and suggestions of statistical power analysis for quantitative researchers are discussed. C1 [Sun, Shuyan; Pan, Wei; Wang, Lihshing Leigh] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Sun, SY (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Educ, Dyer Hall 475E,POB 210049, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. 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Cole, Kimberly K. Austin, Jordan R. Takahashi, T. Nicole Duan, Ye Miles, Judith H. TI Facial phenotypes in subgroups of prepubertal boys with autism spectrum disorders are correlated with clinical phenotypes SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; neurodevelopment; anthropometry; facial phenotype; biomarker; craniofacial genetics AB Background: The brain develops in concert and in coordination with the developing facial tissues, with each influencing the development of the other and sharing genetic signaling pathways. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) result from alterations in the embryological brain, suggesting that the development of the faces of children with ASD may result in subtle facial differences compared to typically developing children. In this study, we tested two hypotheses. First, we asked whether children with ASD display a subtle but distinct facial phenotype compared to typically developing children. Second, we sought to determine whether there are subgroups of facial phenotypes within the population of children with ASD that denote biologically discrete subgroups. Methods: The 3dMD cranial System was used to acquire three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images for our study sample of 8- to 12-year-old boys diagnosed with essential ASD (n = 65) and typically developing boys (n = 41) following approved Institutional Review Board protocols. Three-dimensional coordinates were recorded for 17 facial anthropometric landmarks using the 3dMD Patient software. Statistical comparisons of facial phenotypes were completed using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis and Principal Coordinates Analysis. Data representing clinical and behavioral traits were statistically compared among groups by using chi(2) tests, Fisher's exact tests, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Student's t-tests where appropriate. Results: First, we found that there are significant differences in facial morphology in boys with ASD compared to typically developing boys. Second, we also found two subgroups of boys with ASD with facial morphology that differed from the majority of the boys with ASD and the typically developing boys. Furthermore, membership in each of these distinct subgroups was correlated with particular clinical and behavioral traits. Conclusions: Boys with ASD display a facial phenotype distinct from that of typically developing boys, which may reflect alterations in the prenatal development of the brain. Subgroups of boys with ASD defined by distinct facial morphologies correlated with clinical and behavioral traits, suggesting potentially different etiologies and genetic differences compared to the larger group of boys with ASD. Further investigations into genes involved in neurodevelopment and craniofacial development of these subgroups will help to elucidate the causes and significance of these subtle facial differences. C1 [Aldridge, Kristina; George, Ian D.; Cole, Kimberly K.; Austin, Jordan R.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Aldridge, Kristina; Takahashi, T. Nicole; Duan, Ye; Miles, Judith H.] Univ Missouri, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorders, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Duan, Ye] Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Miles, Judith H.] Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RP Aldridge, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Anat Sci, 1 Hosp Dr,M309 Med Sci Bldg, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. EM aldridgek@missouri.edu FU Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Program [W91ZSQ8006N604]; Simons Foundation; Thompson Center Research Scholar Funds; Departments of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Child Health, Radiology and Computer Engineering at the University of Missouri FX This work was supported in part by Autism Spectrum Disorder Research Program grant W91ZSQ8006N604, the Simons Foundation and the Thompson Center Research Scholar Funds. The Departments of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Child Health, Radiology and Computer Engineering at the University of Missouri also provided financial support. Members of the Thompson Center staff obtained some of the 3dMD images. Written consent for publication was obtained from the patients or their relatives. Finally, we are extremely grateful to the families for their participation. CR Abzhanov Arhat, 2007, Congenital Anomalies, V47, P136, DOI 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2007.00162.x Achenbach T. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 15 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-15 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000015 PM 21999758 ER PT J AU Anagnostou, E Taylor, MJ AF Anagnostou, Evdokia Taylor, Margot J. TI Review of neuroimaging in autism spectrum disorders: what have we learned and where we go from here SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Review AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a syndrome of social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors or restrictive interests. It remains a behaviorally defined syndrome with no reliable biological markers. The goal of this review is to summarize the available neuroimaging data and examine their implication for our understanding of the neurobiology of ASD. Although there is variability in the literature on structural magnetic resonance literature (MRI), there is evidence of volume abnormalities in both grey and white matter, with a suggestion of some region-specific differences. Early brain overgrowth is probably the most replicated finding in a subgroup of people with ASD, and new techniques, such as cortical-thickness measurements and surface morphometry have begun to elucidate in more detail the patterns of abnormalities as they evolve with age, and are implicating specific neuroanatomical or neurodevelopmental processes. Functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging techniques suggest that such volume abnormalities are associated with atypical functional and structural connectivity in the brain, and researchers have begun to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques to explore the neurochemical substrate of such abnormalities. The data from multiple imaging methods suggests that ASD is associated with an atypically connected brain. We now need to further clarify such atypicalities, and start interpreting them in the context of what we already know about typical neurodevelopmental processes including migration and organization of the cortex. Such an approach will allow us to relate imaging findings not only to behavior, but also to genes and their expression, which may be related to such processes, and to further our understanding of the nature of neurobiologic abnormalities in ASD. C1 [Anagnostou, Evdokia] Univ Toronto, Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. [Taylor, Margot J.] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. RP Anagnostou, E (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Bloorview Res Inst, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. EM eanagnostou@hollandbloorview.ca FU DOD [AR093387]; National Centers of Excellence/CIHR (Neurodevnet); CIHR [MOP-81161] FX We would like to thank Krissy Doyle, Kathleen Mak-Fan and Nadia Tanel for their contributions. The authors were supported by the following grants during the crafting of this review: EA: DOD (AR093387) and National Centers of Excellence/CIHR (Neurodevnet) to EA, and CIHR (MOP-81161) to MJT. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 4 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-4 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000004 PM 21501488 ER PT J AU Carayol, J Schellenberg, GD Dombroski, B Genin, E Rousseau, F Dawson, G AF Carayol, Jerome Schellenberg, Gerard D. Dombroski, Beth Genin, Emmanuelle Rousseau, Francis Dawson, Geraldine TI Autism risk assessment in siblings of affected children using sex-specific genetic scores SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE Autism; risk assessment; common variants; genetic score; sex effects AB Background: The inheritance pattern in most cases of autism is complex. The risk of autism is increased in siblings of children with autism and previous studies have indicated that the level of risk can be further identified by the accumulation of multiple susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allowing for the identification of a higher-risk subgroup among siblings. As a result of the sex difference in the prevalence of autism, we explored the potential for identifying sex-specific autism susceptibility SNPs in siblings of children with autism and the ability to develop a sex-specific risk assessment genetic scoring system. Methods: SNPs were chosen from genes known to be associated with autism. These markers were evaluated using an exploratory sample of 480 families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) repository. A reproducibility index (RI) was proposed and calculated in all children with autism and in males and females separately. Differing genetic scoring models were then constructed to develop a sex-specific genetic score model designed to identify individuals with a higher risk of autism. The ability of the genetic scores to identify high-risk children was then evaluated and replicated in an independent sample of 351 affected and 90 unaffected siblings from families with at least 1 child with autism. Results: We identified three risk SNPs that had a high RI in males, two SNPs with a high RI in females, and three SNPs with a high RI in both sexes. Using these results, genetic scoring models for males and females were developed which demonstrated a significant association with autism (P = 2.2 x 10(-6) and 1.9 x 10(-5), respectively). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that individual susceptibility associated SNPs for autism may have important differential sex effects. We also show that a sex-specific risk score based on the presence of multiple susceptibility associated SNPs allow for the identification of subgroups of siblings of children with autism who have a significantly higher risk of autism. C1 [Carayol, Jerome; Rousseau, Francis] IntegraGen SA, Evry, France. [Schellenberg, Gerard D.; Dombroski, Beth] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Genin, Emmanuelle] Univ Paris Diderot, Fdn Jean Dausset CEPH, INSERM U946, Paris, France. [Dawson, Geraldine] Univ N Carolina, Autism Speaks, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Dawson, Geraldine] Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Carayol, J (reprint author), IntegraGen SA, Evry, France. EM Jerome.carayol@integragen.com FU National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810]; UW Autism Center for Excellence [5-P50-HD055782]; Autism Speaks FX We gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the AGRE Consortium and the participating AGRE families. AGRE is a program of Autism Speaks, and is supported in part by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M Lajonchere (PI). The University of Pennsylvania sample collection was funded by UW Autism Center for Excellence grant # 5-P50-HD055782 and a grant from Autism Speaks. We thank Dr Thomas Rio Frio and Dr Brett S Abrahams for their helpful critical review of the manuscript. IntegraGen sponsored the design and statistical analysis of the AGRE sample analysis, and funded writing assistance in the form of preparation of the manuscript, references, tables, formatting to journal style, and administrative support. The corresponding author had full access to the data in the study and final responsibility for interpretation of the data, and made the decision to submit for publication. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 17 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-17 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000017 PM 22017886 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, B Baron-Cohen, S AF Chakrabarti, Bhismadev Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Variation in the human cannabinoid receptor CNR1 gene modulates gaze duration for happy faces SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: From an early age, humans look longer at preferred stimuli and also typically look longer at facial expressions of emotion, particularly happy faces. Atypical gaze patterns towards social stimuli are common in autism spectrum conditions (ASC). However, it is unknown whether gaze fixation patterns have any genetic basis. In this study, we tested whether variations in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene are associated with gaze duration towards happy faces. This gene was selected because CNR1 is a key component of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in processing reward, and in our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we found that variations in CNR1 modulate the striatal response to happy (but not disgust) faces. The striatum is involved in guiding gaze to rewarding aspects of a visual scene. We aimed to validate and extend this result in another sample using a different technique (gaze tracking). Methods: A total of 30 volunteers (13 males and 17 females) from the general population observed dynamic emotional expressions on a screen while their eye movements were recorded. They were genotyped for the identical four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CNR1 gene tested in our earlier fMRI study. Results: Two SNPs (rs806377 and rs806380) were associated with differential gaze duration for happy (but not disgust) faces. Importantly, the allelic groups associated with a greater striatal response to happy faces in the fMRI study were associated with longer gaze duration at happy faces. Conclusions: These results suggest that CNR1 variations modulate the striatal function that underlies the perception of signals of social reward, such as happy faces. This suggests that CNR1 is a key element in the molecular architecture of perception of certain basic emotions. This may have implications for understanding neurodevelopmental conditions marked by atypical eye contact and facial emotion processing, such as ASC. C1 [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Chakrabarti, B (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. EM bhisma@cantab.net FU Trinity College Cambridge; Darwin College Cambridge; Target Autism Genome; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Medical Research Council, UK FX We are grateful to Zanna Szlachta, Siamac Rezaiezadeh, Kathleen Maura Linnane, and Stefania Cannella for help with the experiment and to Carrie Allison and Sally Wheelwright for volunteer database management. During the period of this work, BC was funded by a scholarship from Trinity College Cambridge and held a Research Fellowship at Darwin College Cambridge. SBC was funded by Target Autism Genome, the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation and the Medical Research Council, UK during the period of this work. This work was submitted in partial fulfilment of the doctoral degree by BC to the University of Cambridge and was conducted in association with the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust. We are also grateful to Lindsey Kent, Frank Dudbridge, Ofer Golan, Tom Hutchinson, Mike Lombardo, Caroline Robertson, Bonnie Auyeung and Chris Ashwin for valuable discussions. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 10 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-10 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000010 PM 21714860 ER PT J AU Chung, RH Ma, DQ Wang, K Hedges, DJ Jaworski, JM Gilbert, JR Cuccaro, ML Wright, HH Abramson, RK Konidari, I Whitehead, PL Schellenberg, GD Hakonarson, H Haines, JL Pericak-Vance, MA Martin, ER AF Chung, Ren-Hua Ma, Deqiong Wang, Kai Hedges, Dale J. Jaworski, James M. Gilbert, John R. Cuccaro, Michael L. Wright, Harry H. Abramson, Ruth K. Konidari, Ioanna Whitehead, Patrice L. Schellenberg, Gerard D. Hakonarson, Hakon Haines, Jonathan L. Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. Martin, Eden R. TI An X chromosome-wide association study in autism families identifies TBL1X as a novel autism spectrum disorder candidate gene in males SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. The skewed prevalence toward males and evidence suggestive of linkage to the X chromosome in some studies suggest the presence of X-linked susceptibility genes in people with ASD. Methods: We analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on the X chromosome in three independent autism GWAS data sets: two family data sets and one case-control data set. We performed meta-and joint analyses on the combined family and case-control data sets. In addition to the meta-and joint analyses, we performed replication analysis by using the two family data sets as a discovery data set and the case-control data set as a validation data set. Results: One SNP, rs17321050, in the transducin beta-like 1X-linked (TBL1X) gene [OMIM: 300196] showed chromosome-wide significance in the meta-analysis (P value = 4.86 x 10(-6)) and joint analysis (P value = 4.53 x 10(-6)) in males. The SNP was also close to the replication threshold of 0.0025 in the discovery data set (P = 5.89 x 10(-3)) and passed the replication threshold in the validation data set (P = 2.56 x 10(-4)). Two other SNPs in the same gene in linkage disequilibrium with rs17321050 also showed significance close to the chromosome-wide threshold in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: TBL1X is in the Wnt signaling pathway, which has previously been implicated as having a role in autism. Deletions in the Xp22.2 to Xp22.3 region containing TBL1X and surrounding genes are associated with several genetic syndromes that include intellectual disability and autistic features. Our results, based on meta-analysis, joint analysis and replication analysis, suggest that TBL1X may play a role in ASD risk. C1 [Chung, Ren-Hua; Ma, Deqiong; Hedges, Dale J.; Jaworski, James M.; Gilbert, John R.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Konidari, Ioanna; Whitehead, Patrice L.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Martin, Eden R.] Univ Miami, Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Wang, Kai; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wright, Harry H.; Abramson, Ruth K.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. [Schellenberg, Gerard D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Haines, Jonathan L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Martin, ER (reprint author), Univ Miami, Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miller Sch Med, POB 019132 M-860, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM emartin1@med.miami.edu FU National Institutes of Health [9R01MH080647, 7R01NS051355, 7P01NS026630] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants 9R01MH080647, 7R01NS051355 and 7P01NS026630 and by a gift from the Hussman Foundation. We thank the patients with ASD and their families, as well as the control parents and children, for their participation in our study. We gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 18 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-18 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000018 PM 22050706 ER PT J AU Fatemi, SH Folsom, TD AF Fatemi, S. Hossein Folsom, Timothy D. TI Dysregulation of fragile X mental retardation protein and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in superior frontal cortex of individuals with autism: a postmortem brain study SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Fragile X syndrome is caused by loss of function of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and shares multiple phenotypes with autism. We have previously found reduced expression of the protein product of FMR1 (FMRP) in vermis of adults with autism. Methods: In the current study, we have investigated levels of FMRP in the superior frontal cortex of people with autism and matched controls using Western blot analysis. Because FMRP regulates the translation of multiple genes, we also measured protein levels for downstream molecules metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor beta 3 (GABR beta 3), as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results: We observed significantly reduced levels of protein for FMRP in adults with autism, significantly increased levels of protein for mGluR5 in children with autism and significantly increased levels of GFAP in adults and children with autism. We found no change in expression of GABR beta 3. Our results for FMRP, mGluR5 and GFAP confirm our previous work in the cerebellar vermis of people with autism. Conclusion: These changes may be responsible for cognitive deficits and seizure disorder in people with autism. C1 [Fatemi, S. Hossein; Folsom, Timothy D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fatemi, S. Hossein] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Fatemi, SH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Div Neurosci Res, 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM fatem002@umn.edu FU Public Health Service [R24 MH068855]; Brain Endowment Bank; National Parkinson Foundation, Inc., Miami, FL, USA; Autism Tissue Program; NICHD [5R01HD052074-01A2, 3R01HD052074-03S1] FX Human tissue was obtained from the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. (The role of the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank is to distribute tissue, and therefore it cannot endorse the studies performed or the interpretation of results.). Human tissue was also obtained from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, which is supported in part by Public Health Service R24 MH068855; the Brain Endowment Bank, which is funded in part by the National Parkinson Foundation, Inc., Miami, FL, USA; and the Autism Tissue Program, and all are gratefully acknowledged. Grant support by NICHD grants 5R01HD052074-01A2 and 3R01HD052074-03S1 to SHF is gratefully acknowledged. The funding body had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Information regarding FMRP from Dr J Darnell, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA, is greatly appreciated. Assistance with statistical analyses provided by Dr P Thuras is greatly appreciated. A brief summary of some of the findings presented here dealing with FMRP, mGluR5 and GABR beta 3 were previously presented in a review article [61] with permission from Elsevier. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 6 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-6 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000006 PM 21548960 ER PT J AU Goines, PE Croen, LA Braunschweig, D Yoshida, CK Grether, J Hansen, R Kharrazi, M Ashwood, P Van de Water, J AF Goines, Paula E. Croen, Lisa A. Braunschweig, Daniel Yoshida, Cathleen K. Grether, Judith Hansen, Robin Kharrazi, Martin Ashwood, Paul Van de Water, Judy TI Increased midgestational IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 in women bearing a child with autism: A case-control study SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Immune anomalies have been documented in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their family members. It is unknown whether the maternal immune profile during pregnancy is associated with the risk of bearing a child with ASD or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: Using Luminex technology, levels of 17 cytokines and chemokines were measured in banked serum collected from women at 15 to 19 weeks of gestation who gave birth to a child ultimately diagnosed with (1) ASD (n = 84), (2) a developmental delay (DD) but not autism (n = 49) or (3) no known developmental disability (general population (GP); n = 159). ASD and DD risk associated with maternal cytokine and chemokine levels was estimated by using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Elevated concentrations of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 in midgestation maternal serum were significantly associated with a 50% increased risk of ASD, regardless of ASD onset type and the presence of intellectual disability. By contrast, elevated concentrations of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly associated with an increased risk of DD without autism. Conclusion: The profile of elevated serum IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 was more common in women who gave birth to a child subsequently diagnosed with ASD. An alternative profile of increased IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 was more common for women who gave birth to a child subsequently diagnosed with DD without autism. Further investigation is needed to characterize the relationship between these divergent maternal immunological phenotypes and to evaluate their effect on neurodevelopment. C1 [Goines, Paula E.; Braunschweig, Daniel; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Goines, Paula E.; Braunschweig, Daniel; Hansen, Robin; Ashwood, Paul; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Croen, Lisa A.; Yoshida, Cathleen K.] Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. [Grether, Judith] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Hansen, Robin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sacramento Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Kharrazi, Martin] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Genet Dis Screening Program, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van de Water, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, 451 Hlth Sci Dr,Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM javandewater@ucdavis.edu FU National Alliance for Autism Research [824/LC/01-201-004-00-00]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program [8RT-0115]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 P01 ES11269-01]; US Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [R829388]; National Institute of Mental Health FX The authors acknowledge the California Department of Developmental Services and the Orange County Regional Center for help in ascertaining ASD and DD cases. Further acknowledgements include Daniel Najjar for his contribution to data management and analysis, Jack Collins for his role in project management and Bruce Fireman for statistical consultation. Live birth data were provided by the California Center for Health Statistics. Banked specimens and record linkage services were provided by the Sequoia Foundation and Project Baby's Breath (M Kharrazi and GN DeLorenze, Co-Principal Investigators [Co-PIs]) under the direction of the California Genetic Disease Screening Program. The analyses, interpretations and conclusions described in this article are attributable to the authors and not to the California Department of Public Health, the Center for Health Statistics or the Genetic Disease Screening Program. Funding was provided by grants from the National Alliance for Autism Research (824/LC/01-201-004-00-00; LA Croen, PI), the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (8RT-0115; M Kharrazi, PI) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant 1 P01 ES11269-01, by the US Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (grant R829388; J Van de Water, PI). The project was also supported by Award Number R01 MH072565 from the National Institute of Mental Health (LA Croen, PI). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 13 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-13 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000013 PM 21810230 ER PT J AU Greco, CM Navarro, CS Hunsaker, MR Maezawa, I Shuler, JF Tassone, F Delany, M Au, JW Berman, RF Jin, LW Schumann, C Hagerman, PJ Hagerman, RJ AF Greco, Claudia M. Navarro, Celestine S. Hunsaker, Michael R. Maezawa, Izumi Shuler, John F. Tassone, Flora Delany, Mary Au, Jacky W. Berman, Robert F. Jin, Lee-Way Schumann, Cynthia Hagerman, Paul J. Hagerman, Randi J. TI Neuropathologic features in the hippocampus and cerebellum of three older men with fragile X syndrome SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, and is the most common single-gene disorder known to be associated with autism. Despite recent advances in functional neuroimaging and our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, only limited neuropathologic information on FXS is available. Methods: Neuropathologic examinations were performed on post-mortem brain tissue from three older men (aged 57, 64 and 78 years) who had received a clinical or genetic diagnosis of FXS. In each case, physical and cognitive features were typical of FXS, and one man was also diagnosed with autism. Guided by reports of clinical and neuroimaging abnormalities of the limbic system and cerebellum of individuals with FXS, the current analysis focused on neuropathologic features present in the hippocampus and the cerebellar vermis. Results: Histologic and immunologic staining revealed abnormalities in both the hippocampus and cerebellar vermis. Focal thickening of hippocampal CA1 and irregularities in the appearance of the dentate gyrus were identified. All lobules of the cerebellar vermis and the lateral cortex of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum had decreased numbers of Purkinje cells, which were occasionally misplaced, and often lacked proper orientation. There were mild, albeit excessive, undulations of the internal granular cell layer, with patchy foliar white matter axonal and astrocytic abnormalities. Quantitative analysis documented panfoliar atrophy of both the anterior and posterior lobes of the vermis, with preferential atrophy of the posterior lobule (VI to VII) compared with age-matched normal controls. Conclusions: Significant morphologic changes in the hippocampus and cerebellum in three adult men with FXS were identified. This pattern of pathologic features supports the idea that primary defects in neuronal migration, neurogenesis and aging may underlie the neuropathology reported in FXS. C1 [Greco, Claudia M.; Tassone, Flora; Au, Jacky W.; Jin, Lee-Way; Schumann, Cynthia; Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. [Au, Jacky W.; Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA USA. [Greco, Claudia M.; Maezawa, Izumi; Jin, Lee-Way] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hunsaker, Michael R.; Berman, Robert F.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Program Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hunsaker, Michael R.; Berman, Robert F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol Surg, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Berman, Robert F.; Hagerman, Paul J.; Hagerman, Randi J.] Univ Calif Davis, NeuroTherapeut Res Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Navarro, Celestine S.; Shuler, John F.; Tassone, Flora; Hagerman, Paul J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Delany, Mary] Elwyn Fragile X Ctr, Elwyn, PA USA. [Schumann, Cynthia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hagerman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. EM randi.hagerman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [HD036071, HD056031, NS044299, AG024488, HD02274, MH77554, MH078041, RL1 AG032115, RL1 NS062411, RL1 AG032119]; National Fragile X Foundation; MIND Institute; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 DE019583, UL1 RR024146]; University of California Office of President FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) grants HD036071, HD056031, NS044299, AG024488, HD02274, MH77554, MH078041, RL1 AG032115, RL1 NS062411 and RL1 AG032119, the National Fragile X Foundation and the MIND Institute. This publication was also made possible by a grant (UL1 DE019583) administered by the National Center of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NCDCR) and another grant (UL1 RR024146) from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), both of which are components of the NIH and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, and a grant from the University of California Office of President to establish the University of California Pediatric Neuropathology Consortium (UCPNC). Appreciation is extended to the Central Histology Facility in Sacramento, CA,. and to David Davies for photographic assistance. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 2 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-2 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000002 PM 21303513 ER PT J AU Hussman, JP Chung, RH Griswold, AJ Jaworski, JM Salyakina, D Ma, DQ Konidari, I Whitehead, PL Vance, JM Martin, ER Cuccaro, ML Gilbert, JR Haines, JL Pericak-Vance, MA AF Hussman, John P. Chung, Ren-Hua Griswold, Anthony J. Jaworski, James M. Salyakina, Daria Ma, Deqiong Konidari, Ioanna Whitehead, Patrice L. Vance, Jeffery M. Martin, Eden R. Cuccaro, Michael L. Gilbert, John R. Haines, Jonathan L. Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. TI A noise-reduction GWAS analysis implicates altered regulation of neurite outgrowth and guidance in autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) have proved invaluable for the identification of disease susceptibility genes. However, the prioritization of candidate genes and regions for follow-up studies often proves difficult due to false-positive associations caused by statistical noise and multiple-testing. In order to address this issue, we propose the novel GWAS noise reduction (GWAS-NR) method as a way to increase the power to detect true associations in GWAS, particularly in complex diseases such as autism. Methods: GWAS-NR utilizes a linear filter to identify genomic regions demonstrating correlation among association signals in multiple datasets. We used computer simulations to assess the ability of GWAS-NR to detect association against the commonly used joint analysis and Fisher's methods. Furthermore, we applied GWAS-NR to a family-based autism GWAS of 597 families and a second existing autism GWAS of 696 families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) to arrive at a compendium of autism candidate genes. These genes were manually annotated and classified by a literature review and functional grouping in order to reveal biological pathways which might contribute to autism aetiology. Results: Computer simulations indicate that GWAS-NR achieves a significantly higher classification rate for true positive association signals than either the joint analysis or Fisher's methods and that it can also achieve this when there is imperfect marker overlap across datasets or when the closest disease-related polymorphism is not directly typed. In two autism datasets, GWAS-NR analysis resulted in 1535 significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks overlapping 431 unique reference sequencing (RefSeq) genes. Moreover, we identified the nearest RefSeq gene to the non-gene overlapping LD blocks, producing a final candidate set of 860 genes. Functional categorization of these implicated genes indicates that a significant proportion of them cooperate in a coherent pathway that regulates the directional protrusion of axons and dendrites to their appropriate synaptic targets. Conclusions: As statistical noise is likely to particularly affect studies of complex disorders, where genetic heterogeneity or interaction between genes may confound the ability to detect association, GWAS-NR offers a powerful method for prioritizing regions for follow-up studies. Applying this method to autism datasets, GWAS-NR analysis indicates that a large subset of genes involved in the outgrowth and guidance of axons and dendrites is implicated in the aetiology of autism. C1 [Hussman, John P.] Hussman Fdn, Ellicott City, MD USA. [Chung, Ren-Hua; Griswold, Anthony J.; Jaworski, James M.; Salyakina, Daria; Ma, Deqiong; Konidari, Ioanna; Whitehead, Patrice L.; Vance, Jeffery M.; Martin, Eden R.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Gilbert, John R.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.] Univ Miami, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Haines, Jonathan L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Pericak-Vance, MA (reprint author), Univ Miami, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM mpericak@med.miami.edu RI Griswold, Anthony/B-7507-2012 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NS26630, MH080647]; Medical Research Council's (MRC) Autism Genome Project (AGP); Autism Speaks FX We thank the patients with autism and their family members who participated in this study and personnel at the John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics. We also wish to gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) consortium and the participating AGRE families. The AGRE is supported by Autism Speaks. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs Harry H Wright and Ruth K Abramson for their contribution of patient samples and clinical data to this study. The authors also thank Katherine Savage for graphic design and Dongmin Kim for programming support. This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (NS26630 and MH080647), the Medical Research Council's (MRC) Autism Genome Project (AGP), and by a gift from the Hussman Foundation. A subset of the participants was ascertained while Dr Pericak-Vance was a faculty member at Duke University. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 1 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-1 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000001 PM 21247446 ER PT J AU Iwata, K Matsuzaki, H Miyachi, T Shimmura, C Suda, S Tsuchiya, KJ Matsumoto, K Suzuki, K Iwata, Y Nakamura, K Tsujii, M Sugiyama, T Sato, K Mori, N AF Iwata, Keiko Matsuzaki, Hideo Miyachi, Taishi Shimmura, Chie Suda, Shiro Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Matsumoto, Kaori Suzuki, Katsuaki Iwata, Yasuhide Nakamura, Kazuhiko Tsujii, Masatsugu Sugiyama, Toshirou Sato, Kohji Mori, Norio TI Investigation of the serum levels of anterior pituitary hormones in male children with autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: The neurobiological basis of autism remains poorly understood. The diagnosis of autism is based solely on behavioural characteristics because there are currently no reliable biological markers. To test whether the anterior pituitary hormones and cortisol could be useful as biological markers for autism, we assessed the basal serum levels of these hormones in subjects with autism and normal controls. Findings: Using a suspension array system, we determined the serum levels of six anterior pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, in 32 drug-naive subjects (aged 6 to 18 years, all boys) with autism, and 34 healthy controls matched for age and gender. We also determined cortisol levels in these subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone and cortisol were significantly higher in subjects with autism than in controls. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in autism. Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased basal serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone accompanied by increased cortisol and growth hormone may be useful biological markers for autism. C1 [Iwata, Keiko; Matsuzaki, Hideo; Miyachi, Taishi; Shimmura, Chie; Suda, Shiro; Tsuchiya, Kenji J.; Matsumoto, Kaori; Suzuki, Katsuaki; Tsujii, Masatsugu; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Iwata, Yasuhide; Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Tsujii, Masatsugu] Chukyo Univ, Fac Contemporary Sociol, Toyota, Japan. [Sugiyama, Toshirou] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Sato, Kohji] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurosci, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. RP Matsuzaki, H (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. EM matsu@hama-med.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (to HM), a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (to NM) and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (to KI). 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 16 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-16 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000016 PM 22011527 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Silva, RM Flores, CG Jacob, S Guter, S Valcante, G Zaytoun, AM Cook, EH Badner, JA AF Kim, Soo-Jeong Silva, Raquel M. Flores, Cindi G. Jacob, Suma Guter, Stephen Valcante, Gregory Zaytoun, Annette M. Cook, Edwin H. Badner, Judith A. TI A quantitative association study of SLC25A12 and restricted repetitive behavior traits in autism spectrum disorders SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: SLC25A12 was previously identified by a linkage-directed association analysis in autism. In this study, we investigated the relationship between three SLC25A12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2056202, rs908670 and rs2292813) and restricted repetitive behavior (RRB) traits in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), based on a positive correlation between the G allele of rs2056202 and an RRB subdomain score on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Methods: We used the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) as a quantitative RRB measure, and conducted linear regression analyses for individual SNPs and a previously identified haplotype (rs2056202-rs2292813). We examined associations in our University of Illinois at Chicago-University of Florida (UIC-UF) sample (179 unrelated individuals with an ASD), and then attempted to replicate our findings in the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) sample (720 ASD families). Results: In the UIC-UF sample, three RBS-R scores (ritualistic, sameness, sum) had positive associations with the A allele of rs2292813 (p = 0.006-0.012) and with the rs2056202-rs2292813 haplotype (omnibus test, p = 0.025-0.040). The SSC sample had positive associations between the A allele of rs2056202 and four RBS-R scores (stereotyped, sameness, restricted, sum) (p = 0.006-0.010), between the A allele of rs908670 and three RBS-R scores (stereotyped, self-injurious, sum) (p = 0.003-0.015), and between the rs2056202-rs2292813 haplotype and six RBS-R scores (stereotyped, self-injurious, compulsive, sameness, restricted, sum)(omnibus test, p = 0.002-0.028). Taken together, the A alleles of rs2056202 and rs2292813 were consistently and positively associated with RRB traits in both the UIC-UF and SSC samples, but the most significant SNP with phenotype association varied in each dataset. Conclusions: This study confirmed an association between SLC25A12 and RRB traits in ASDs, but the direction of the association was different from that in the initial study. This could be due to the examined SLC25A12 SNPs being in linkage disequilibrium with another risk allele, and/or genetic/phenotypic heterogeneity of the ASD samples across studies. C1 [Kim, Soo-Jeong; Silva, Raquel M.; Flores, Cindi G.; Valcante, Gregory; Zaytoun, Annette M.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jacob, Suma; Guter, Stephen; Cook, Edwin H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Badner, Judith A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kim, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM soojkim@ufl.edu FU NARSAD; PWSA (USA); NIH [R03MH083673, K23MH082883, K23MH082121]; NIH Autism Center of Excellence [P50 HD055751]; NIH/National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) CTSA [1UL 1RR029890] FX We extend our sincere gratitude to all of the families at our research clinics (UIC and UF) and at the participating SFARI Simplex Collection (SSC) sites. We are grateful to the SSC Genetics Committee and the principal investigators (A Beaudet, R Bernier, J Constantino, E Cook, E Fombonne, D Geschwind, D Grice, A Klin, D Ledbetter, C Lord, C Martin, D Martin, R Maxim, J Miles, O Ousley, B Peterson, J Piggot, C Saulnier, M State, W Stone, J Sutcliffe, C Walsh, and E Wijsman). We appreciate obtaining access to phenotypic and genetic data on SFARI Base. Approved researchers can obtain the SSC population dataset described in this study (include here the URL of the population used, obtained from SFARI Base) by applying at https://sfari.org/sfari-base. We gratefully acknowledge Emily Wray, Lindsay Bell and Susan Craft for their expert assistance, Sunday Francis for her critical review of this manuscript, and the UF Child and Adolescent Psychiatry fellows and the staff of the UF Center for Autism and Related Disabilities (CARD) for their assistance with recruitment. This work was supported in part by a 2007 NARSAD young investigator award (SJK), the 2008 PWSA (USA) Research Award (SJK), NIH R03MH083673 (SJK), NIH K23MH082883 (SJK), NIH K23MH082121 (SJ), NIH Autism Center of Excellence P50 HD055751 (EHC) and NIH/National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) CTSA grant 1UL 1RR029890. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 8 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-8 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000008 PM 21609426 ER PT J AU Rojas, DC Teale, PD Maharajh, K Kronberg, E Youngpeter, K Wilson, LB Wallace, A Hepburn, S AF Rojas, Donald C. Teale, Peter D. Maharajh, Keeran Kronberg, Eugene Youngpeter, Katie Wilson, Lisa B. Wallace, Alissa Hepburn, Susan TI Transient and steady-state auditory gamma-band responses in first-degree relatives of people with autism spectrum disorder SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Stimulus-related gamma-band oscillations, which may be related to perceptual binding, are reduced in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine auditory transient and steady-state gamma-band findings in first-degree relatives of people with ASD to assess the potential familiality of these findings in ASD. Methods: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in 21 parents who had a child with an autism spectrum disorder (pASD) and 20 healthy adult control subjects (HC) were obtained. Gamma-band phase locking factor (PLF), and evoked and induced power to 32, 40 and 48 Hz amplitude-modulated sounds were measured for transient and steady-state responses. Participants were also tested on a number of behavioral and cognitive assessments related to the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Results: Reliable group differences were seen primarily for steady-state responses. In the left hemisphere, pASD subjects exhibited lower phase-locked steady-state power in all three conditions. Total gamma-band power, including the non-phase-locked component, was also reduced in the pASD group. In addition, pASD subjects had significantly lower PLF than the HC group. Correlations were seen between MEG measures and BAP measures. Conclusions: The reduction in steady-state gamma-band responses in the pASD group is consistent with previous results for children with ASD. Steady-state responses may be more sensitive than transient responses to phase-locking errors in ASD. Together with the lower PLF and phase-locked power in first-degree relatives, correlations between gamma-band measures and behavioral measures relevant to the BAP highlight the potential of gamma-band deficits as a potential new autism endophenotype. C1 [Rojas, Donald C.; Teale, Peter D.; Maharajh, Keeran; Kronberg, Eugene; Youngpeter, Katie; Wilson, Lisa B.; Wallace, Alissa; Hepburn, Susan] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80241 USA. RP Rojas, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Psychiat, Aurora, CO 80241 USA. EM don.rojas@ucdenver.edu FU Autism Speaks Foundation; National Institutes of Health [R01 MH082820] FX This work was supported by grants from the Autism Speaks Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (R01 MH082820) to DR. The funding bodies had no role in the design, collection analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the manuscript or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 11 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-11 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000011 PM 21729257 ER PT J AU Scoles, HA Urraca, N Chadwick, SW Reiter, LT LaSalle, JM AF Scoles, Haley A. Urraca, Nora Chadwick, Samuel W. Reiter, Lawrence T. LaSalle, Janine M. TI Increased copy number for methylated maternal 15q duplications leads to changes in gene and protein expression in human cortical samples SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; imprinting; copy number variation; 15q; duplication; methylation; epigenetic AB Background: Duplication of chromosome 15q11-q13 (dup15q) accounts for approximately 3% of autism cases. Chromosome 15q11-q13 contains imprinted genes necessary for normal mammalian neurodevelopment controlled by a differentially methylated imprinting center (imprinting center of the Prader-Willi locus, PWS-IC). Maternal dup15q occurs as both interstitial duplications and isodicentric chromosome 15. Overexpression of the maternally expressed gene UBE3A is predicted to be the primary cause of the autistic features associated with dup15q. Previous analysis of two postmortem dup15q frontal cortical samples showed heterogeneity between the two cases, with one showing levels of the GABA(A) receptor genes, UBE3A and SNRPN in a manner not predicted by copy number or parental imprint. Methods: Postmortem human brain tissue (Brodmann area 19, extrastriate visual cortex) was obtained from 8 dup15q, 10 idiopathic autism and 21 typical control tissue samples. Quantitative PCR was used to confirm duplication status. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to measure 15q11-q13 transcript and protein levels, respectively. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting-curve analysis was performed on brain genomic DNA to identify the maternal: paternal ratio of methylation at PWS-IC. Results: Dup15q brain samples showed a higher level of PWS-IC methylation than control or autism samples, indicating that dup15q was maternal in origin. UBE3A transcript and protein levels were significantly higher than control and autism in dup15q, as expected, although levels were variable and lower than expected based on copy number in some samples. In contrast, this increase in copy number did not result in consistently increased GABRB3 transcript or protein levels for dup15q samples. Furthermore, SNRPN was expected to be unchanged in expression in dup15q because it is expressed from the single unmethylated paternal allele, yet SNRPN levels were significantly reduced in dup15q samples compared to controls. PWS-IC methylation positively correlated with UBE3A and GABRB3 levels but negatively correlated with SNRPN levels. Idiopathic autism samples exhibited significantly lower GABRB3 and significantly more variable SNRPN levels compared to controls. Conclusions: Although these results show that increased UBE3A/UBE3A is a consistent feature of dup15q syndrome, they also suggest that gene expression within 15q11-q13 is not based entirely on copy number but can be influenced by epigenetic mechanisms in brain. C1 [Scoles, Haley A.; Chadwick, Samuel W.; LaSalle, Janine M.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Scoles, Haley A.; Chadwick, Samuel W.; LaSalle, Janine M.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Inst Neurodev Disorders, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Urraca, Nora; Reiter, Lawrence T.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Reiter, Lawrence T.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP LaSalle, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmlasalle@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HD048799, 2R01HD041462, R01 NS076263]; Shainberg Neuroscience Fund award; University of Tennessee Health Science Center Neuroscience Institute Fellowship FX We are grateful to all of the families who donated the tissues that made this study possible. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health awards R01 HD048799, 2R01HD041462, and R01 NS076263 (to JML), a Shainberg Neuroscience Fund award (to LTR) and a University of Tennessee Health Science Center Neuroscience Institute Fellowship (to NA). 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 19 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-19 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000019 PM 22152151 ER PT J AU Stephenson, DT O'Neill, SM Narayan, S Tiwari, A Arnold, E Samaroo, HD Du, F Ring, RH Campbell, B Pletcher, M Vaidya, VA Morton, D AF Stephenson, Diane T. O'Neill, Sharon M. Narayan, Sapna Tiwari, Aadhya Arnold, Elizabeth Samaroo, Harry D. Du, Fu Ring, Robert H. Campbell, Brian Pletcher, Mathew Vaidya, Vidita A. Morton, Daniel TI Histopathologic characterization of the BTBR mouse model of autistic-like behavior reveals selective changes in neurodevelopmental proteins and adult hippocampal neurogenesis SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: The inbred mouse strain BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) exhibits behavioral deficits that mimic the core deficits of autism. Neuroanatomically, the BTBR strain is also characterized by a complete absence of the corpus callosum. The goal of this study was to identify novel molecular and cellular changes in the BTBR mouse, focusing on neuronal, synaptic, glial and plasticity markers in the limbic system as a model for identifying putative molecular and cellular substrates associated with autistic behaviors. Methods: Forebrains of 8 to 10-week-old male BTBR and age-matched C57Bl/6J control mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using free-floating and paraffin embedded sections. Twenty antibodies directed against antigens specific to neurons, synapses and glia were used. Nissl, Timm and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) stains were performed to assess cytoarchitecture, mossy fibers and cholinergic fiber density, respectively. In the hippocampus, quantitative stereological estimates for the mitotic marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed to determine hippocampal progenitor proliferation, survival and differentiation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was quantified by in situ hybridization. Quantitative image analysis was performed for NG2, doublecortin (DCX), NeuroD, GAD67 and Poly-Sialic Acid Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (PSA-NCAM). Results: In midline structures including the region of the absent corpus callosum of BTBR mice, the myelin markers 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were reduced, and the oligodendrocyte precursor NG2 was increased. MBP and CNPase were expressed in small ectopic white matter bundles within the cingulate cortex. Microglia and astrocytes showed no evidence of gliosis, yet orientations of glial fibers were altered in specific white-matter areas. In the hippocampus, evidence of reduced neurogenesis included significant reductions in the number of doublecortin, PSA-NCAM and NeuroD immunoreactive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and a marked reduction in the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) positive progenitors. Furthermore, a significant and profound reduction in BDNF mRNA was seen in the BTBR dentate gyrus. No significant differences were seen in the expression of AchE, mossy fiber synapses or immunoreactivities of microtubule-associated protein MAP2, parvalbumin and glutamate decarboxylase GAD65 or GAD67 isoforms. Conclusions: We documented modest and selective alterations in glia, neurons and synapses in BTBR forebrain, along with reduced neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Of all markers examined, the most distinctive changes were seen in the neurodevelopmental proteins NG2, PSA-NCAM, NeuroD and DCX. Our results are consistent with aberrant development of the nervous system in BTBR mice, and may reveal novel substrates to link callosal abnormalities and autistic behaviors. The changes that we observed in the BTBR mice suggest potential novel therapeutic strategies for intervention in autism spectrum disorders. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 7 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-7 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000007 PM 21575186 ER PT J AU Suda, S Iwata, K Shimmura, C Kameno, Y Anitha, A Thanseem, I Nakamura, K Matsuzaki, H Tsuchiya, KJ Sugihara, G Iwata, Y Suzuki, K Koizumi, K Higashida, H Takei, N Mori, N AF Suda, Shiro Iwata, Keiko Shimmura, Chie Kameno, Yosuke Anitha, Ayyappan Thanseem, Ismail Nakamura, Kazuhiko Matsuzaki, Hideo Tsuchiya, Kenji J. Sugihara, Genichi Iwata, Yasuhide Suzuki, Katsuaki Koizumi, Keita Higashida, Haruhiro Takei, Nori Mori, Norio TI Decreased expression of axon-guidance receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Axon-guidance proteins play a crucial role in brain development. As the dysfunction of axon-guidance signaling is thought to underlie the microstructural abnormalities of the brain in people with autism, we examined the postmortem brains of people with autism to identify any changes in the expression of axon-guidance proteins. Results: The mRNA and protein expression of axon-guidance proteins, including ephrin (EFN)A4, eEFNB3, plexin (PLXN)A4, roundabout 2 (ROBO) 2 and ROBO3, were examined in the anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex of autistic brains (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively) and control brains (n = 13 and n = 8, respectively) using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the relative expression levels of EFNB3, PLXNA4A and ROBO2 were significantly lower in the autistic group than in the control group. The protein levels of these three genes were further analyzed by western blotting, which showed that the immunoreactive values for PLXNA4 and ROBO2, but not for EFNB3, were significantly reduced in the ACC of the autistic brains compared with control brains. Conclusions: In this study, we found decreased expression of axon-guidance proteins such as PLXNA4 and ROBO2 in the brains of people with autism, and suggest that dysfunctional axon-guidance protein expression may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. C1 [Suda, Shiro; Iwata, Keiko; Anitha, Ayyappan; Thanseem, Ismail; Matsuzaki, Hideo; Tsuchiya, Kenji J.; Suzuki, Katsuaki; Takei, Nori; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Shimmura, Chie; Kameno, Yosuke; Nakamura, Kazuhiko; Iwata, Yasuhide; Mori, Norio] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Neurol, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. [Koizumi, Keita; Higashida, Haruhiro] Kanazawa Univ, Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920, Japan. [Sugihara, Genichi; Takei, Nori] Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England. RP Suda, S (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. EM sudash@jichi.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Takeda Science Foundation; Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation FX This work was supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan, by the Takeda Science Foundation (SS), and by the Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation (SS). 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 14 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-14 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000014 PM 21859478 ER PT J AU Tansey, KE Hill, MJ Cochrane, LE Gill, M Anney, RJL Gallagher, L AF Tansey, Katherine E. Hill, Matthew J. Cochrane, Lynne E. Gill, Michael Anney, Richard J. L. Gallagher, Louise TI Functionality of promoter microsatellites of arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A): implications for autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been hypothesized to play a role in aetiology of autism based on a demonstrated involvement in the regulation of social behaviours. The arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A) is widely expressed in the brain and is considered to be a key receptor for regulation of social behaviour. Moreover, genetic variation at AVPR1A has been reported to be associated with autism. Evidence from non-human mammals implicates variation in the 5'-flanking region of AVPR1A in variable gene expression and social behaviour. Methods: We examined four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3803107, rs1042615, rs3741865, rs11174815) and three microsatellites (RS3, RS1 and AVR) at the AVPR1A gene for association in an autism cohort from Ireland. Two 5'-flanking region polymorphisms in the human AVPR1A, RS3 and RS1, were also tested for their effect on relative promoter activity. Results: The short alleles of RS1 and the SNP rs11174815 show weak association with autism in the Irish population (P = 0.036 and P = 0.008, respectively). Both RS1 and RS3 showed differences in relative promoter activity by length. Shorter repeat alleles of RS1 and RS3 decreased relative promoter activity in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Conclusions: These aligning results can be interpreted as a functional route for this association, namely that shorter alleles of RS1 lead to decreased AVPR1A transcription, which may proffer increased susceptibility to the autism phenotype. C1 [Tansey, Katherine E.; Hill, Matthew J.; Cochrane, Lynne E.; Gill, Michael; Anney, Richard J. L.; Gallagher, Louise] Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin, Ireland. RP Tansey, KE (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dept Psychiat, Neuropsychiat Genet Res Grp, Dublin, Ireland. EM katherine.tansey@kcl.ac.uk RI Tansey, Katherine/B-1033-2013 OI Tansey, Katherine/0000-0002-9663-3376 FU Health Research Board, Ireland; Wellcome Trust, UK; National Alliance for Autism Research, USA FX We thank the families who took part in this study for their support and cooperation. Family collection in Ireland and data analysis was supported by grants from the Health Research Board, Ireland, The Wellcome Trust, UK, and the National Alliance for Autism Research, USA. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 3 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-3 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000003 PM 21453499 ER PT J AU Wills, S Rossi, CC Bennett, J Cerdeno, VM Ashwood, P Amaral, DG Van de Water, J AF Wills, Sharifia Rossi, Christy C. Bennett, Jeffrey Cerdeno, Veronica Martinez Ashwood, Paul Amaral, David G. Van de Water, Judy TI Further characterization of autoantibodies to GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system produced by a subset of children with autism SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, together with the presence of repetitive behaviors or a limited repertoire of activities and interests. The causes of autism are currently unclear. In a previous study, we determined that 21% of children with autism have plasma autoantibodies that are immunoreactive with a population of neurons in the cerebellum that appear to be Golgi cells, which are GABAergic interneurons. Methods: We have extended this analysis by examining plasma immunoreactivity in the remainder of the brain. To determine cell specificity, double-labeling studies that included one of the calcium-binding proteins that are commonly colocalized in GABAergic neurons (calbindin, parvalbumin or calretinin) were also carried out to determine which GABAergic neurons are immunoreactive. Coronal sections through the rostrocaudal extent of the macaque monkey brain were reacted with plasma from each of seven individuals with autism who had previously demonstrated positive Golgi cell staining, as well as six negative controls. In addition, brain sections from adult male mice were similarly examined. Results: In each case, specific staining was observed for neurons that had the morphological appearance of interneurons. By double-labeling sections with plasma and with antibodies directed against g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), we determined that all autoantibody-positive neurons were GABAergic. However, not all GABAergic neurons were autoantibody-positive. Calbindin was colabeled in several of the autoantibody-labeled cells, while parvalbumin colabeling was less frequently observed. Autoantibody-positive cells rarely expressed calretinin. Sections from the mouse brain processed similarly to the primate sections also demonstrated immunoreactivity to interneurons distributed throughout the neocortex and many subcortical regions. Some cell populations stained in the primate (such as the Golgi neurons in the cerebellum) were not as robustly immunoreactive in the mouse brain. Conclusions: These results suggest that the earlier report of autoantibody immunoreactivity to specific cells in the cerebellum extend to other regions of the brain. Further, these findings confirm the autoantibody-targeted cells to be a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons. The potential impact of these autoantibodies on GABAergic disruption with respect to the etiology of autism is discussed herein. C1 [Wills, Sharifia; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rossi, Christy C.; Bennett, Jeffrey; Cerdeno, Veronica Martinez; Amaral, David G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Ctr Neurosci, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rossi, Christy C.; Bennett, Jeffrey; Cerdeno, Veronica Martinez; Ashwood, Paul; Amaral, David G.; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Wills, Sharifia; Ashwood, Paul; Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, NIEHS Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van de Water, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, 451 Hlth Sci Dr,Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM javandewater@ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 P01 ES11269]; US Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results program [R829388]; National Institutes of Health [MH41479]; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; M.I.N.D. Institute; Cure Autism Now FX This work was supported by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant 1 P01 ES11269, the US Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results program (grant R829388), Cure Autism Now, National Institutes of Health grant MH41479, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, and the M.I.N.D. Institute. We also thank the study participants and their families for their contribution to this study. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 5 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-5 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000005 PM 21521495 ER PT J AU Yasuda, Y Hashimoto, R Yamamori, H Ohi, K Fukumoto, M Umeda-Yano, S Mohri, I Ito, A Taniike, M Takeda, M AF Yasuda, Yuka Hashimoto, Ryota Yamamori, Hidenaga Ohi, Kazutaka Fukumoto, Motoyuki Umeda-Yano, Satomi Mohri, Ikuko Ito, Akira Taniike, Masako Takeda, Masatoshi TI Gene expression analysis in lymphoblasts derived from patients with autism spectrum disorder SO MOLECULAR AUTISM LA English DT Article AB Background: The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders that result in severe and pervasive impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication skills. In addition, individuals with ASD have stereotypical behavior, interests and activities. Rare mutations of some genes, such as neuroligin (NLGN) 3/4, neurexin (NRXN) 1, SHANK3, MeCP2 and NHE9, have been reported to be associated with ASD. In the present study, we investigated whether alterations in mRNA expression levels of these genes could be found in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with ASD. Methods: We measured mRNA expression levels of NLGN3/4, NRXN1, SHANK3, MeCP2, NHE9 and AKT1 in lymphoblastoid cells from 35 patients with ASD and 35 healthy controls, as well as from 45 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls, using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: The mRNA expression levels of NLGN3 and SHANK3 normalized by beta-actin or TBP were significantly decreased in the individuals with ASD compared to controls, whereas no difference was found in the mRNA expression level of MeCP2, NHE9 or AKT1. However, normalized NLGN3 and SHANK3 gene expression levels were not altered in patients with schizophrenia, and expression levels of NLGN4 and NRXN1 mRNA were not quantitatively measurable in lymphoblastoid cells. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that the NLGN3 and SHANK3 genes may be differentially expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from individuals with ASD compared to those from controls. These findings suggest the possibility that decreased mRNA expression levels of these genes might be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD in a substantial population of ASD patients. C1 [Yasuda, Yuka; Hashimoto, Ryota; Yamamori, Hidenaga; Ohi, Kazutaka; Fukumoto, Motoyuki; Takeda, Masatoshi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Yasuda, Yuka; Hashimoto, Ryota; Ohi, Kazutaka; Fukumoto, Motoyuki] JST Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320112, Japan. [Hashimoto, Ryota; Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako; Takeda, Masatoshi] Kanazawa Univ, Osaka Univ, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Mol Res Ctr Childrens Mental Dev, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Hashimoto, Ryota; Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako; Takeda, Masatoshi] Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Yamamori, Hidenaga; Umeda-Yano, Satomi; Ito, Akira] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Neuropsychiat, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Mohri, Ikuko; Taniike, Masako] Kanazawa Univ, Osaka Univ, United Grad Sch Child Dev, Div Dev Neurosci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Hashimoto, R (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, D3,2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM hashimor@psy.med.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Hashimoto, Ryota/P-8572-2014 OI Hashimoto, Ryota/0000-0002-5941-4238 FU Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare [H19-kokoro-002, H22-seishin-ippan-001, H22-rinken-ippan-002, H22-sinkei-ippan-001]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [18689030, 22390225]; CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology) of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology [18023045]; Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Meiji Yasuda Mental Health Foundation; Osaka University FX This work was funded in part by Grants-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H19-kokoro-002, H22-seishin-ippan-001, H22-rinken-ippan-002, H22-sinkei-ippan-001); the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (18689030, 22390225); CREST (Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology) of JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, Research on the Pathomechanisms of Brain Disorders, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (18023045); the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Meiji Yasuda Mental Health Foundation; and the Osaka University Program for the Support of Networking among Present and Future Researchers. The study sponsors had no further role in the study design; the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. 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Autism PY 2011 VL 2 AR 9 DI 10.1186/2040-2392-2-9 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA V30IF UT WOS:000208809000009 PM 21615902 ER PT J AU Pivac, N Knezevic, A Gornik, O Pucic, M Igl, W Peeters, H Crepel, A Steyaert, J Novokmet, M Redzic, I Nikolac, M Hercigonja, VN Curkovic, KD Curkovic, M Nedic, G Muck-Seler, D Borovecki, F Rudan, I Lauc, G AF Pivac, Nela Knezevic, Ana Gornik, Olga Pucic, Maja Igl, Wilmar Peeters, Hilde Crepel, An Steyaert, Jean Novokmet, Mislav Redzic, Irma Nikolac, Matea Hercigonja, Vesna Novkovic Curkovic, Katarina Dodig Curkovic, Mario Nedic, Gordana Muck-Seler, Dorotea Borovecki, Fran Rudan, Igor Lauc, Gordan TI Human Plasma Glycome in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; N-GLYCANS; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; GENE; PROFILES; DISEASE; SWEET AB Over a half of all proteins are glycosylated, and their proper glycosylation is essential for normal function. Unfortunately, because of structural complexity of nonlinear branched glycans and the absence of genetic template for their synthesis, the knowledge about glycans is lagging significantly behind the knowledge about proteins or DNA. Using a recently developed quantitative high throughput glycan analysis method we quantified components of the plasma N-glycome in 99 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 81 child and 5 adults with autism spectrum disorder, and a total of 340 matching healthy controls. No changes in plasma glycome were found to associate with autism spectrum disorder, but several highly significant associations were observed with ADHD. Further structural analysis of plasma glycans revealed that ADHD is associated with increased antennary fucosylation of biantennary glycans and decreased levels of some complex glycans with three or four antennas. The design of this study prevented any functional conclusions about the observed associations, but specific differences in glycosylation appears to be strongly associated with ADHD and warrants further studies in this direction. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 10: 10.1074/mcp.M110.004200, 1-7, 2011. C1 [Knezevic, Ana; Gornik, Olga; Redzic, Irma; Lauc, Gordan] Univ Zagreb, Fac Pharm & Biochem, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Pivac, Nela; Nikolac, Matea; Nedic, Gordana; Muck-Seler, Dorotea] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Mol Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Pucic, Maja; Novokmet, Mislav; Lauc, Gordan] Genos Ltd, Glycobiol Div, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Igl, Wilmar] Uppsala Univ, Dept Genet & Pathol, Rudbeck Lab, Uppsala, Sweden. [Peeters, Hilde; Crepel, An; Steyaert, Jean] Univ Hosp Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Louvain, Belgium. [Hercigonja, Vesna Novkovic] Polyclin Kocijan Hercigonja, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Curkovic, Katarina Dodig] Clin Hosp Osijek, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Osijek 31000, Croatia. [Curkovic, Mario] Primary Care Unit Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia. [Borovecki, Fran] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Rudan, Igor] Univ Split, Croatian Ctr Global Hlth, Sch Med, Split 21000, Croatia. [Rudan, Igor] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Lauc, G (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Pharm & Biochem, Ante Kovacica 1, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM glauc@pharma.hr RI Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; Lauc, Gordan/K-5864-2012; Nedic Erjavec, Gordana/C-5149-2013; Steyaert, Jean/B-5326-2015 OI Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Lauc, Gordan/0000-0003-1840-9560; Steyaert, Jean/0000-0003-2512-4694 FU Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport [309-0061194-2023, 098-0982522-2455, 216-1080315-0302]; European Commission; Leuven Belgium [GOA 2006/12]; Cure Autism Now (USA) FX This work was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport grants #309-0061194-2023 (to G. L.), #098-0982522-2455 (to N. P.) and #216-1080315-0302 (to I. R.); by European Commission EUROPHARM and EUROGLYCOARRAYS grants, and by a grant from GOA 2006/12 Leuven Belgium and a grant from Cure Autism Now (USA). H. P. is postdoctoral researcher of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders FWO, Belgium. 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Cell. Proteomics PD JAN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 DI 10.1074/mcp.M110.004200 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 715XL UT WOS:000286928400021 PM 20974899 ER PT J AU Ingason, A Rujescu, D Cichon, S Sigurdsson, E Sigmundsson, T Pietilainen, OPH Buizer-Voskamp, JE Strengman, E Francks, C Muglia, P Gylfason, A Gustafsson, O Olason, PI Steinberg, S Hansen, T Jakobsen, KD Rasmussen, HB Giegling, I Moller, HJ Hartmann, A Crombie, C Fraser, G Walker, N Lonnqvist, J Suvisaari, J Tuulio-Henriksson, A Bramon, E Kiemeney, LA Franke, B Murray, R Vassos, E Toulopoulou, T Muhleisen, TW Tosato, S Ruggeri, M Djurovic, S Andreassen, OA Zhang, Z Werge, T Ophoff, RA Rietschel, M Nothen, MM Petursson, H Stefansson, H Peltonen, L Collier, D Stefansson, K St Clair, DM AF Ingason, A. Rujescu, D. Cichon, S. Sigurdsson, E. Sigmundsson, T. Pietilainen, O. P. H. Buizer-Voskamp, J. E. Strengman, E. Francks, C. Muglia, P. Gylfason, A. Gustafsson, O. Olason, P. I. Steinberg, S. Hansen, T. Jakobsen, K. D. Rasmussen, H. B. Giegling, I. Moeller, H-J Hartmann, A. Crombie, C. Fraser, G. Walker, N. Lonnqvist, J. Suvisaari, J. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Bramon, E. Kiemeney, L. A. Franke, B. Murray, R. Vassos, E. Toulopoulou, T. Muehleisen, T. W. Tosato, S. Ruggeri, M. Djurovic, S. Andreassen, O. A. Zhang, Z. Werge, T. Ophoff, R. A. Rietschel, M. Noethen, M. M. Petursson, H. Stefansson, H. Peltonen, L. Collier, D. Stefansson, K. St Clair, D. M. CA GROUP Investigators TI Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophrenia SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE 16p13.1; CNV; schizophrenia; duplication ID HUMAN GENOME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; STRUCTURAL VARIANTS; SEROTONIN DEPLETION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ADULT-RAT; RISK; DISC1; GENES; MODEL AB Deletions and reciprocal duplications of the chromosome 16p13.1 region have recently been reported in several cases of autism and mental retardation (MR). As genomic copy number variants found in these two disorders may also associate with schizophrenia, we examined 4345 schizophrenia patients and 35 079 controls from 8 European populations for duplications and deletions at the 16p13.1 locus, using microarray data. We found a threefold excess of duplications and deletions in schizophrenia cases compared with controls, with duplications present in 0.30% of cases versus 0.09% of controls (P = 0.007) and deletions in 0.12 % of cases and 0.04% of controls (P > 0.05). The region can be divided into three intervals defined by flanking low copy repeats. Duplications spanning intervals I and II showed the most significant (P = 0.00010) association with schizophrenia. The age of onset in duplication and deletion carriers among cases ranged from 12 to 35 years, and the majority were males with a family history of psychiatric disorders. In a single Icelandic family, a duplication spanning intervals I and II was present in two cases of schizophrenia, and individual cases of alcoholism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. Candidate genes in the region include NTAN1 and NDE1. We conclude that duplications and perhaps also deletions of chromosome 16p13.1, previously reported to be associated with autism and MR, also confer risk of schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry (2011) 16, 17-25; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.101; published online 29 September 2009 C1 [Crombie, C.; Fraser, G.; St Clair, D. M.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH, Scotland. [Ingason, A.; Gylfason, A.; Gustafsson, O.; Olason, P. I.; Steinberg, S.; Stefansson, H.; Stefansson, K.] deCODE Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ingason, A.; Hansen, T.; Jakobsen, K. D.; Rasmussen, H. B.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Res Inst Biol Psychiat, Mental Hlth Ctr Sct Hans, Roskilde, Denmark. [Rujescu, D.; Giegling, I.; Moeller, H-J; Hartmann, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, Div Mol & Clin Neurobiol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Rujescu, D.; Giegling, I.; Moeller, H-J; Hartmann, A.] Genet Res Ctr GmbH, Munich, Germany. [Cichon, S.; Muehleisen, T. W.] Univ Bonn, Dept Genom, Life & Brain Ctr, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Cichon, S.; Noethen, M. M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Sigurdsson, E.; Sigmundsson, T.; Petursson, H.] Natl Univ Hosp Reykjavik, Dept Psychiat, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Pietilainen, O. P. H.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki, Finland. [Buizer-Voskamp, J. E.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Psychiat, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Buizer-Voskamp, J. E.; Strengman, E.; Ophoff, R. A.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Francks, C.; Muglia, P.] GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Med Genet, Verona, Italy. [Walker, N.] Ravenscraig Hosp, Greenock, Scotland. [Lonnqvist, J.; Suvisaari, J.; Tuulio-Henriksson, A.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mental Hlth & Addict, Helsinki, Finland. [Bramon, E.; Murray, R.; Vassos, E.; Toulopoulou, T.] Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Kiemeney, L. A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat EPIB 133, Dept Urol URO 659, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Franke, B.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Tosato, S.; Ruggeri, M.] Univ Verona, Sect Psychiat & Clin Psychol, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Djurovic, S.; Andreassen, O. A.] Univ Oslo, Inst Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. [Djurovic, S.; Andreassen, O. A.] Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Oslo, Norway. [Djurovic, S.; Andreassen, O. A.] Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. [Zhang, Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ophoff, R. A.] UCLA Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ophoff, R. A.] Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Rietschel, M.] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, Cent Inst Mental Hlth Mannheim, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. [Peltonen, L.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Peltonen, L.] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. RP St Clair, DM (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH, Scotland. EM d.stclair@abdn.ac.uk RI Bramon, Elvira/A-9463-2011; Tosato, Sarah /E-6045-2010; Ruggeri, Mirella/E-6091-2010; Collier, David/D-1649-2011; Franke, Barbara/D-4836-2009; Ingason, Andres/G-6817-2012; Francks, Clyde/E-1384-2012; Vassos, Evangelos/F-9825-2013; Krabbendam, Lydia/F-9163-2010; Cichon, Sven/H-8803-2013; Cichon, Sven/B-9618-2014; Kiemeney, Lambertus/D-3357-2009; Sigurdsson, Engilbert/D-2486-2014; Myin-Germeys, Inez /L-5106-2014; Hansen, Thomas/O-5965-2014 OI Franke, Barbara/0000-0003-4375-6572; Vassos, Evangelos/0000-0001-6363-0438; Krabbendam, Lydia/0000-0003-4074-5149; Cichon, Sven/0000-0002-9475-086X; Cichon, Sven/0000-0002-9475-086X; Kiemeney, Lambertus/0000-0002-2368-1326; Sigurdsson, Engilbert/0000-0001-9404-7982; Hansen, Thomas/0000-0001-6703-7762 FU EU [LSHM-CT-2006-037761]; NIMH [R01 MH078075] FX We thank the participating subjects and their relatives, and staff at the recruitment centres. We thank David Goldstein for permission to use the genotype data from the Scottish samples typed at Duke University. This work was sponsored by EU grant LSHM-CT-2006-037761 (Project SGENE). Genotyping of the Dutch samples was sponsored by NIMH funding, R01 MH078075 (to RAO). 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1038/mp.2009.101 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 697VE UT WOS:000285546400004 PM 19786961 ER PT J AU Steinberg, S Mors, O Borglum, AD Gustafsson, O Werge, T Mortensen, PB Andreassen, OA Sigurdsson, E Thorgeirsson, TE Bottcher, Y Olason, P Ophoff, RA Cichon, S Gudjonsdottir, IH Pietilainen, OPH Nyegaard, M Tuulio-Henriksson, A Ingason, A Hansen, T Athanasiu, L Suvisaari, J Lonnqvist, J Paunio, T Hartmann, A Jurgens, G Nordentoft, M Hougaard, D Norgaard-Pedersen, B Breuer, R Moller, HJ Giegling, I Glenthoj, B Rasmussen, HB Mattheisen, M Bitter, I Rethelyi, JM Sigmundsson, T Fossdal, R Thorsteinsdottir, U Ruggeri, M Tosato, S Strengman, E Kiemeney, LA Melle, I Djurovic, S Abramova, L Kaleda, V Walshe, M Bramon, E Vassos, E Li, T Fraser, G Walker, N Toulopoulou, T Yoon, J Freimer, NB Cantor, RM Murray, R Kong, A Golimbet, V Jonsson, EG Terenius, L Agartz, I Petursson, H Nothen, MM Rietschel, M Peltonen, L Rujescu, D Collier, DA Stefansson, H St Clair, D Stefansson, K AF Steinberg, S. Mors, O. Borglum, A. D. Gustafsson, O. Werge, T. Mortensen, P. B. Andreassen, O. A. Sigurdsson, E. Thorgeirsson, T. E. Bottcher, Y. Olason, P. Ophoff, R. A. Cichon, S. Gudjonsdottir, I. H. Pietilainen, O. P. H. Nyegaard, M. Tuulio-Henriksson, A. Ingason, A. Hansen, T. Athanasiu, L. Suvisaari, J. Lonnqvist, J. Paunio, T. Hartmann, A. Jurgens, G. Nordentoft, M. Hougaard, D. Norgaard-Pedersen, B. Breuer, R. Moeller, H-J Giegling, I. Glenthoj, B. Rasmussen, H. B. Mattheisen, M. Bitter, I. Rethelyi, J. M. Sigmundsson, T. Fossdal, R. Thorsteinsdottir, U. Ruggeri, M. Tosato, S. Strengman, E. Kiemeney, L. A. Melle, I. Djurovic, S. Abramova, L. Kaleda, V. Walshe, M. Bramon, E. Vassos, E. Li, T. Fraser, G. Walker, N. Toulopoulou, T. Yoon, J. Freimer, N. B. Cantor, R. M. Murray, R. Kong, A. Golimbet, V. Jonsson, E. G. Terenius, L. Agartz, I. Petursson, H. Noethen, M. M. Rietschel, M. Peltonen, L. Rujescu, D. Collier, D. A. Stefansson, H. St Clair, D. Stefansson, K. CA GROUP TI Expanding the range of ZNF804A variants conferring risk of psychosis SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; ZNF804A; CNV; association ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMMON VARIANTS; INCREASE RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISEASE; LOCI; CONTACTIN-ASSOCIATED-PROTEIN-LIKE-2; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB A trio of genome-wide association studies recently reported sequence variants at three loci to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. No sequence polymorphism had been unequivocally (P<5 x 10(-8)) associated with schizophrenia earlier. However, one variant, rs1344706[T], had come very close. This polymorphism, located in an intron of ZNF804A, was reported to associate with schizophrenia with a P-value of 1.6 x 10(-7), and with psychosis (schizophrenia plus bipolar disorder) with a P-value of 1.0 x 10(-8). In this study, using 5164 schizophrenia cases and 20 709 controls, we replicated the association with schizophrenia (odds ratio OR=1.08, P=0.0029) and, by adding bipolar disorder patients, we also confirmed the association with psychosis (added N=609, OR=1.09, P=0.00065). Furthermore, as it has been proposed that variants such as rs1344706[T]-common and with low relative risk-may also serve to identify regions harboring less common, higher-risk susceptibility alleles, we searched ZNF804A for large copy number variants (CNVs) in 4235 psychosis patients, 1173 patients with other psychiatric disorders and 39 481 controls. We identified two CNVs including at least part of ZNF804A in psychosis patients and no ZNF804A CNVs in controls (P=0.013 for association with psychosis). In addition, we found a ZNF804A CNV in an anxiety patient (P=0.0016 for association with the larger set of psychiatric disorders). Molecular Psychiatry (2011) 16, 59-66; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.149; published online 5 January 2010 C1 [Steinberg, S.; Thorgeirsson, T. E.; Bottcher, Y.; Olason, P.; Gudjonsdottir, I. H.; Ingason, A.; Fossdal, R.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Kong, A.; Stefansson, H.; Stefansson, K.] deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Mors, O.; Borglum, A. D.] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Ctr Psychiat Res, Risskov, Denmark. [Borglum, A. D.; Nyegaard, M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Human Genet, Aarhus C, Denmark. [Gustafsson, O.; Andreassen, O. A.; Athanasiu, L.; Melle, I.] Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. [Gustafsson, O.; Andreassen, O. A.; Athanasiu, L.; Melle, I.] Univ Oslo, Inst Psychiat, Oslo, Norway. [Werge, T.; Hansen, T.; Rasmussen, H. B.] Mental Hlth Ctr Sct Hans Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Res Inst Biol Psychiat, Roskilde, Denmark. [Mortensen, P. B.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark. [Sigurdsson, E.; Sigmundsson, T.; Petursson, H.] Natl Univ Hosp Reykjavik, Dept Psychiat, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Sigurdsson, E.; Sigmundsson, T.; Thorsteinsdottir, U.; Petursson, H.; Stefansson, K.] Univ Iceland, Sch Med, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Ophoff, R. A.; Strengman, E.] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ophoff, R. A.; Strengman, E.] Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ophoff, R. A.; Mattheisen, M.; Freimer, N. B.; Cantor, R. M.] UCLA Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Cichon, S.] Univ Bonn, Dept Genom, Life & Brain Ctr, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Pietilainen, O. P. H.; Peltonen, L.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Mol Med Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland. [Pietilainen, O. P. H.; Peltonen, L.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. [Pietilainen, O. P. H.; Peltonen, L.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. [Tuulio-Henriksson, A.; Suvisaari, J.; Lonnqvist, J.] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Mental Hlth & Alcohol Res, Helsinki, Finland. [Paunio, T.] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Publ Hlth Genom Unit, Helsinki, Finland. [Hartmann, A.; Giegling, I.; Rujescu, D.] Univ Munich, Dept Psychiat, Div Mol & Clin Neurobiol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Jurgens, G.] Bispebjerg Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. [Nordentoft, M.] Bispebjerg Hosp, Psychiat Ctr Bisbebjerg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. [Hougaard, D.] State Serum Inst, Sect Neonatal Screening & Hormones, Dept Clin Chem & Immunol, Copenhagen S, Denmark. [Norgaard-Pedersen, B.] Glostrup Cty Hosp, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Breuer, R.; Rietschel, M.] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. [Glenthoj, B.] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Ctr Clin Intervent & Neuropsychiat Schizophrenia, Ctr Psychiat, Glostrup, Denmark. [Bitter, I.; Rethelyi, J. M.] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. [Ruggeri, M.; Tosato, S.] Univ Verona, Sect Psychiat & Clin Psychol, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Kiemeney, L. A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Kiemeney, L. A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Djurovic, S.] Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Oslo, Norway. [Abramova, L.; Kaleda, V.; Golimbet, V.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow 109801, Russia. [Walshe, M.; Bramon, E.; Vassos, E.; Toulopoulou, T.; Murray, R.] Kings Coll London, Div Psychol Med, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Vassos, E.; Collier, D. A.] Kings Coll London, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Inst Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Li, T.; Collier, D. A.] Sichuan Univ, Psychiat Lab, Dept Psychiat, W China Hosp, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Fraser, G.; St Clair, D.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Mental Hlth, Royal Cornhill Hosp, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Walker, N.] Ravenscraig Hosp, Greenock, Scotland. [Yoon, J.; Cantor, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Jonsson, E. G.; Terenius, L.; Agartz, I.] Karolinska Hosp & Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, HUBIN Project, Stockholm, Sweden. [Noethen, M. M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Stefansson, K (reprint author), deCODE Genet, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM kari.stefansson@decode.is RI Bramon, Elvira/A-9463-2011; Tosato, Sarah /E-6045-2010; Ruggeri, Mirella/E-6091-2010; Melle, Ingrid /B-4858-2011; Collier, David/D-1649-2011; Nyegaard, Mette/G-4443-2012; Ingason, Andres/G-6817-2012; Vassos, Evangelos/F-9825-2013; Cichon, Sven/H-8803-2013; Cichon, Sven/B-9618-2014; Kiemeney, Lambertus/D-3357-2009; Myin-Germeys, Inez /L-5106-2014; Hansen, Thomas/O-5965-2014 OI Vassos, Evangelos/0000-0001-6363-0438; Cichon, Sven/0000-0002-9475-086X; Cichon, Sven/0000-0002-9475-086X; Kiemeney, Lambertus/0000-0002-2368-1326; Hansen, Thomas/0000-0001-6703-7762 FU European Union [LSHM-CT-2006-037761, PIAP-GA-2008-218251, HEALTH-F2-2009-223423]; National Genomic Network (NGFN-2) of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH078075]; Center of Excellence for Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki FX We thank the subjects, their families and the recruitment center staff. This work was supported by the European Union (LSHM-CT-2006-037761 (Project SGENE), PIAP-GA-2008-218251 (Project PsychGene) and HEALTH-F2-2009-223423 (Project PsychCNVs)), the National Genomic Network (NGFN-2) of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH078075), the Center of Excellence for Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland (Grants 213506, 129680) and the Biocentrum Helsinki Foundation and Research Program for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki. 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TI Maternal transmission of a rare GABRB3 signal peptide variant is associated with autism SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; GABRB3; epilepsy; GABA(A) receptor; imprinting; mutation ID CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY; SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNAS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECEPTOR-BETA SUBUNITS; GENE DEFICIENT MICE; SPECTRUM DISORDER; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; POTENTIAL MODEL; PROXIMAL 15Q; RAT-BRAIN AB Maternal 15q11-q13 duplication is the most common copy number variant in autism, accounting for similar to 1-3% of cases. The 15q11-q13 region is subject to epigenetic regulation, and genomic copy number losses and gains cause genomic disorders in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. One 15q11-q13 locus encodes the GABA(A) receptor beta 3 subunit gene (GABRB3), which has been implicated by several studies in both autism and absence epilepsy, and the co-morbidity of epilepsy in autism is well established. We report that maternal transmission of a GABRB3 signal peptide variant (P11S), previously implicated in childhood absence epilepsy, is associated with autism. An analysis of wild-type and mutant beta 3 subunit-containing alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2 or alpha 3 beta 3 gamma 2 GABA(A) receptors shows reduced whole-cell current and decreased beta 3 subunit protein on the cell surface due to impaired intracellular beta 3 subunit processing. We thus provide the first evidence of an association between a specific GABA(A) receptor defect and autism, direct evidence that this defect causes synaptic dysfunction that is autism relevant and the first maternal risk effect in the 15q11-q13 autism duplication region that is linked to a coding variant. Molecular Psychiatry (2011) 16, 86-96; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.118; published online 24 November 2009 C1 [Sutcliffe, J. S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Kang, J. Q.; Macdonald, R. L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Neurol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Brune, C. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Kistner, E. O.; Cook, E. H., Jr.] Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cox, N. J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sutcliffe, J. S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Sutcliffe, JS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM jim.sutcliffe@vanderbilt.edu RI Sutcliffe, James/C-1348-2012 OI Sutcliffe, James/0000-0001-5200-6007 FU National Institutes of Health [MH061009, NS049261, NS33300, NS51590, P50 HD055751, P50 MH081755]; CURE research grant FX We thank all the families who participated in this research. We thank Wang Zhen Shen and Ningning Hu for their excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH061009 and NS049261 to JSS, NS33300 and NS51590 to RLM, P50 HD055751 to EHC, P50 MH081755 to EC and a CURE research grant to JQK. 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Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1038/mp.2009.118 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 697VE UT WOS:000285546400010 PM 19935738 ER PT S AU Bortolato, M Shih, JC AF Bortolato, Marco Shih, Jean C. BE Youdim, MBH Riederer, P TI BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE DEFICIENCY: PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE SO MONOAMINE OXIDASES AND THEIR INHIBITORS SE International Review of Neurobiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; A GENE PROMOTER; KNOCK-OUT MICE; HUMAN ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES; MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; PLATELET MAO ACTIVITY; B CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY AB Monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoenzymes A and B are mitochondrial-bound proteins, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters as well as xenobiotic amines. Although they derive from a common ancestral progenitor gene, are located at X-chromosome and display 70% structural identity, their substrate preference, regional distribution, and physiological role are divergent. In fact, while MAO-A has high affinity for serotonin and norepinephrine, MAO-B primarily serves the catabolism of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) and contributes to the degradation of other trace amines and dopamine. Convergent lines of preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that variations in MAO enzymatic activity-due to either genetic or environmental factors-can exert a profound influence on behavioral regulation and play a role in the pathophysiology of a large spectrum of mental and neurodegenerative disorders, ranging from antisocial personality disorder to Parkinson's disease. Over the past few years, numerous advances have been made in our understanding of the phenotypical variations associated with genetic polymorphisms and mutations of the genes encoding for both isoenzymes. In particular, novel findings on the phenotypes of MAO-deficient mice are highlighting novel potential implications of both isoenzymes in a broad spectrum of mental disorders, ranging from autism and anxiety to impulse-control disorders and ADHD. These studies will lay the foundation for future research on the neurobiological and neurochemical bases of these pathological conditions, as well as the role of gene x environment interactions in the vulnerability to several mental disorders. C1 [Bortolato, Marco; Shih, Jean C.] Univ So Calif, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Pharmaceut Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Shih, Jean C.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Cell & Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. 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Soc. Res. Child Dev. PY 2011 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00614.x PG 23 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 839OZ UT WOS:000296378700001 ER PT J AU Nelson, CA Bos, K Gunnar, MR Sonuga-Barke, EJS AF Nelson, Charles A., III Bos, Karen Gunnar, Megan R. Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S. TI THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL TOLL OF EARLY HUMAN DEPRIVATION SO MONOGRAPHS OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; EARLY INTERVENTION PROJECT; EARLY SOCIAL DEPRIVATION; CORPUS-CALLOSUM SIZE; INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN; ROMANIAN ADOPTEES; REWARD ANTICIPATION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FACE RECOGNITION; EARLY EXPERIENCE AB Children raised in institutions frequently suffer from a variety of behavioral, emotional, and neuropsychological sequelae, including deficits in attention, executive functions, disorders of attachment, and in some cases a syndrome that mimics autism. The extent and severity of these disorders appear to be mediated, in part, by the age at which the child entered and, in some cases, left the institution. Here we review the neurobiological literature on early institutionalization that may account for the psychological and neurological sequelae discussed in other chapters in this volume. C1 [Nelson, Charles A., III] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nelson, Charles A., III] Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nelson, Charles A., III] Harvard Univ, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Sch Publ Health, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gunnar, Megan R.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Child Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gunnar, Megan R.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Neurobehav Dev, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.] Univ Southampton, Dev Brain & Behav Lab, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.] Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. RP Nelson, CA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 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PY 2011 VL 76 IS 4 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00630.x PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 875QI UT WOS:000299048400006 ER PT J AU Paulson, JA Gordon, L AF Paulson, Jerome A. Gordon, Lauren TI Clinical Services in Environmental Pediatrics SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chelation; children; clinical ecology; environmental health; hair analysis ID CHILDRENS HEALTH; HAIR ANALYSIS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; CHELATION-THERAPY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LEAD; COMPLEMENTARY; ATTITUDES; SPECTRUM; BELIEFS AB Pediatric healthcare providers are confronted with environmental health problems frequently: the child with asthma exacerbated by the odor of paint in school or mouse antigen at home, the family who wants to know the risks and benefits of using different types of sunblock, or the community that asks the provider for advice on the potential health impacts of building the new elementary school next to the on-ramp to the interstate highway. Pediatric providers have not been well trained to deal with these questions in medical or nursing schools, residency training, or continuing-education settings. This article provides guidance on history taking, the physical examination, laboratory evaluations of patients and the environment, and making an assessment about and managing environmental health problems. Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units are discussed as a source of consultation and referral. The identification and utilization of evidence-based resources are stressed and clinicians are cautioned about non-evidence-based assessments such as clinical ecology and hair analysis and non-evidence-based management strategies such as chelation for autism. Mt Sinai J Med 78:11-21, 2011. (C) 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine C1 [Paulson, Jerome A.; Gordon, Lauren] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Mid Atlantic Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Paulson, JA (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Mid Atlantic Ctr Childrens Hlth & Environm, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM jpaulson@cnmc.org FU Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) [1U61TS000118-01]; US Environmental Protection Agency [DW-75-92301301-0] FX This publication was supported by the cooperative agreement award no. 1U61TS000118-01 from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Its contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the ATSDR.The US Environmental Protection Agency supports the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units by providing funds to ATSDR under Inter-Agency Agreement no. DW-75-92301301-0. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor ATSDR endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units publications. 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According to his case records Robert Walser suffered from a schizophrenic disorder (ICD-10) and from a combined sluggish/manneristic catatonia according to K. Leonhard. Walser's psychotic disorder was characterized by a chronic course with sharp-cut symptomatology with stiff postures, repetitive behaviour, movement mannerisms and omissions (manneristic component) complemented by loss of incentive, severe autism and persistent verbal hallucinations (speech-sluggish component). In the late stages his psychopathology affected the process of thinking and writing in a specific manner: his handwriting became illegibly small, and his train of thoughts did not get to the point. At age 54 he stopped writing when transferred from Waldau to Herisau, and subsequently, due to manneristic omission, he was never again able to restart literary writing. 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Demoulin-Lempp, F. TI Schizophrenia A psychological-developmental Disorder SO NERVENHEILKUNDE LA German DT Review DE Schizophrenia; infantile autism; contact with reality; reality oriented cognition; partial cognitive dysfunction ID AUTISM AB Starting from Bleuler's position that every diagnosis of schizophrenia must state symptoms pertaining to a lack of contact with reality, the causes of schizophrenia are compared with those of infantile autism and examined in their mutual relationship. In both conditions forms of lack of contact with reality can be found. In infantile autism reality orientation and the ability to refer to reality is primarily not established during the first years of life in conjunction with a lack of (distorted) empathy. In the schizophrenias however reality oriented cognition appears to develop according to psychological norms. Contact with reality is only lost at the onset of the disease. Recent studies however show that persons who later develop schizophrenia may before have suffered from an exaggerated degree of empathy. Similarly, in child psychiatric experience empathic hypersensitivity may be associated with autistic traits. Under developmental perspective both infantile autism and schizophrenia are thus partial cognitive dysfunctions. These together with genetic and psycho-reactive factors must be considered in a common causal model for both conditions including their attenuated forms and normal variants. C1 [Lempp, R.; Demoulin-Lempp, F.] Hosp Robert Debre, Univ Klinikum Serv Psychotherapie Enfant & Adoles, Reims, France. RP Lempp, R (reprint author), Hauptmannsreute 65, D-70193 Stuttgart, Germany. 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New evidence has underscored a pivotal role for cortical inhibitory circuitries in regulating plasticity both during development and in adulthood. This paper summarizes recent findings showing that the inhibition-excitation balance controls adult brain plasticity and is at the core of the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, Down syndrome, and Rett syndrome. C1 [Baroncelli, Laura; Spolidoro, Maria; Maffei, Lamberto; Sale, Alessandro] Inst Neurosci, Nat Res Council CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. [Braschi, Chiara] Univ Florence, Dept Psychol, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Begenisic, Tatjana; Maffei, Lamberto] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Neurobiol Lab, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Sale, A (reprint author), Inst Neurosci, Nat Res Council CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. 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These are adhesion molecules which, by regulating transsynaptic signaling, contribute to maintain a proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance at the network level. Furthermore, GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult life, at late embryonic/early postnatal stages has been shown to depolarize and excite targeted cell through an outwardly directed flux of chloride. The depolarizing action of GABA and associated calcium influx regulate a variety of developmental processes from cell migration and differentiation to synapse formation. Here, we summarize recent data concerning the functional role of GABA in building up and refining neuronal circuits early in development and the molecular mechanisms regulating the E/I balance. A dysfunction of the GABAergic signaling early in development leads to a severe E/I unbalance in neuronal circuits, a condition that may account for some of the behavioral deficits observed in ASD patients. C1 [Cherubini, Enrico] Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, Neurobiol Sect, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, IIT Unit, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. RP Cherubini, E (reprint author), Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, Neurobiol Sect, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. EM cher@sissa.it FU Ministero Istruzione Universita' e Ricerca (MIUR) FX This work was supported by a grant from Ministero Istruzione Universita' e Ricerca (MIUR) to E. Cherubini. The authors wish to thank the colleagues who contributed to some of the original work reported in this paper and all members of the laboratory for useful discussions. 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Plast. PY 2011 AR 649325 DI 10.1155/2011/649325 PG 25 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 830DM UT WOS:000295637400001 ER PT J AU Tessier, CR Broadie, K AF Tessier, Charles R. Broadie, Kendal TI The fragile X mental retardation protein developmentally regulates the strength and fidelity of calcium signaling in Drosophila mushroom body neurons SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; Cognitive impairment; Autism; Learning; Memory; Synapse; Translation; mRNA; Calcium buffering proteins ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; MOUSE MODEL; DENDRITIC SPINES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PHARMACOLOGICAL RESCUE; DEPENDENT TRANSLATION AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a broad-spectrum neurological disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli, hyperactivity and severe cognitive impairment. FXS is caused by loss of the fragile X mental retardation I (FMR1) gene, whose FMRP product regulates mRNA translation downstream of synaptic activity to modulate changes in synaptic architecture, function and plasticity. Null Drosophila FMR1 (dfmr1) mutants exhibit reduced learning and loss of protein synthesis-dependent memory consolidation, which is dependent on the brain mushroom body (MB) learning and memory center. We targeted a transgenic GFP-based calcium reporter to the MB in order to analyze calcium dynamics downstream of neuronal activation. In the dfmr1 null MB, there was significant augmentation of the calcium transients induced by membrane depolarization, as well as elevated release of calcium from intracellular organelle stores. The severity of these calcium signaling defects increased with developmental age, although early stages were characterized by highly variable, low fidelity calcium regulation. At the single neuron level, both calcium transient and calcium store release defects were exhibited by dfmr1 null MB neurons in primary culture. Null dfmr1 mutants exhibit reduced brain mRNA expression of calcium-binding proteins, including calcium buffers calmodulin and calbindin, predicting that the inability to appropriately sequester cytosolic calcium may be the common mechanistic defect causing calcium accumulation following both influx and store release. Changes in the magnitude and fidelity of calcium signals in the absence of dFMRP likely contribute to defects in neuronal structure/function, leading to the hallmark learning and memory dysfunction of FXS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Broadie, Kendal] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Broadie, K (reprint author), 6270 MRB 3,465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kendal.broadie@vanderbilt.edu FU NIH [MH084989] FX We thank Mike Adams (University of California-Riverside) for Drosophila strains. This work was supported by NIH grant MH084989 to K.B. 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Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.09.002 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 690VJ UT WOS:000285036400016 PM 20843478 ER PT J AU Uddin, LQ AF Uddin, Lucina Q. TI The self in autism: An emerging view from neuroimaging SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Agency; Perspective taking; Social cognition; Self-recognition; Self-knowledge; Brain development; Autobiographical memory; Personality traits; Default mode network ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CORTICAL MIDLINE STRUCTURES; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; SPECTRUM DISORDER; SOCIAL COGNITION; FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN-FUNCTION; DEFAULT MODE; NEURAL BASIS AB One of the defining characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficulty with social interaction and communication with others, or interpersonal interaction. Accordingly, the majority of research efforts to date have focused on understanding the brain mechanisms underlying the deficits in social cognition and language associated with ASD. However, recent empirical and theoretical work has begun to reveal increasing evidence for altered self-representation, or intrapersonal cognition in ASD. Here we review recent studies of the self in ASD, focusing on paradigms examining 'physical' aspects of the self, including self-recognition, agency and perspective taking, and 'psychological' aspects of the self, including self-knowledge and autobiographical memory. A review of the existing literature suggests that psychological, but not physical, aspects of self-representation are altered in ASD. One key brain region that has emerged as a potential locus of self-related deficits in ASD is the medial prefrontal cortex, part of a larger 'default mode network'. Collectively, the findings from these studies provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding the complex social, cognitive, and affective symptomatology of ASD. C1 [Uddin, Lucina Q.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Uddin, Lucina Q.] Asian Univ Women, Chittagong, Bangladesh. RP Uddin, LQ (reprint author), 780 Welch Rd,Suite 201, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. EM lucina@stanford.edu FU Stanford University Autism Working Group; National Institute of Mental Health [K01MH092288] FX This work was supported by a Mosbacher Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Stanford University Autism Working Group and Award Number K01MH092288 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH or the NIH. 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TI Sex Differences in the Cerebellum and Frontal Cortex: Roles of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Sex Chromosome Genes SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; X inactivation; Sex differences; Calbindin; Fragile X ID MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; CALBINDIN D-28K; PURKINJE-CELL; PREOPTIC AREA; STRIA TERMINALIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BED NUCLEUS AB Most neurobehavioral diseases are sexually dimorphic in their incidence, and sex differences in the brain may be key for understanding and treating these diseases. Calbindin (Calb) D28K is used as a biomarker for the well-studied sexually dimorphic nucleus, a hypothalamic structure that is larger in males than in females. In the current study weanling C56BL/6J mice were used to examine sex differences in the Calb protein and message focusing on regions outside of the hypothalamus. A robust sex difference was found in Calb in the frontal cortex (FC) and cerebellum (CB; specifically in Purkinje cells); mRNA and protein were higher in females than in males. Using 2 mouse lines, i.e. one with a complete deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and the other with uncoupled gonads and sex chromosomes, we probed the mechanisms that underlie sexual dimorphisms. In the FC, deletion of ER alpha reduced Calb1 mRNA in females compared to males. In addition, females with XY sex chromosomes had levels of Calb1 equal to those of males. Thus, both ER alpha and the sex chromosome complement regulate Calb1 in the FC. In the CB, ER alpha knockout mice of both sexes had reduced Calb1 mRNA, yet sex differences were retained. However, the sex chromosome complement, regardless of gonadal sex, dictated Calb1 mRNA levels. Mice with XX chromosomes had significantly greater Calb1 than did XY mice. This is the first study demonstrating that sex chromosome genes are a driving force producing sex differences in the CB and FC, which are neuoranatomical regions involved in many normal functions and in neurobehavioral diseases. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Abel, Jean M.; Witt, Diane M.; Rissman, Emilie F.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Rissman, EF (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, POB 800733, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM rissman@virginia.edu FU NIH [R01NS055218] FX We thank Aileen Wills, Savera Shetty, and Jennifer Lampen for their expert technical assistance. We are grateful to Dr. Pierre Chambon for providing us with the ER alpha KO heterozygous mice to start our colony. This work was supported by NIH R01NS055218. 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YOUNG-CHILDREN; LOW-COST; REHABILITATION; ENVIRONMENTS; ADHD; DISABILITIES; ADOLESCENT AB This paper presents the current status and use of virtual reality (VR) for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and cerebral palsy. This literature review explores how VR systems have been used as treatment tools to address the primary impairments of these disorders. Three major classes of VR display systems are identified that can be characterized by the type of human-computer interaction provided: (1) feedback-focused interaction, (2) gesture-based interaction, and (3) haptic-based interaction. The demonstrated effectiveness and potential effectiveness of each class are discussed in the context of remediating the primary impairments of children with ADHD, autism and cerebral palsy. Three major themes for future research are discussed to support continued research interest in using VR in pediatric neurorehabilitation. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Wang, Michelle; Reid, Denise] Univ Toronto, Dept Rehabil Sci, Virtual Real & Neurorehabil Lab, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada. 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Richards, Todd Johnson, L. Clark Weaver, Kurt E. Greenson, Jessica Dawson, Geraldine Aylward, Elizabeth TI fMRI evidence of neural abnormalities in the subcortical face processing system in ASD SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FUSIFORM GYRUS; EMOTION RECOGNITION; AMYGDALA RESPONSE; SOCIAL-PERCEPTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME AB Recent evidence suggests that a rapid, automatic face detection system is supported by subcortical structures including the amygdala, pulvinar, and superior colliculus. Early-emerging abnormalities in these structures may be related to reduced social orienting in children with autism, and subsequently, to aberrant development of cortical circuits involved in face processing. Our objective was to determine whether functional abnormalities in the subcortical face processing system are present in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) during supraliminal fearful face processing. Participants included twenty-eight individuals with ASD and 25 controls group-matched on age, IQ and behavioral performance. The ASD group met diagnostic criteria on the ADI-R, ADOS-G, and DSM-IV. Both the ASD and control groups showed significant activation in bilateral fusiform gyri. The control group exhibited additional significant responses in the right amygdala, right pulvinar, and bilateral superior colliculi. In the direct group comparison, the controls showed significantly greater activation in the left amygdala, bilateral fusiform gyrus, right pulvinar, and bilateral superior colliculi. No brain region showed significantly greater activation in the ASD group compared to the controls. Thus, basic rapid face identification mechanisms appear to be functional in ASD. However, individuals with ASD failed to engage the subcortical brain regions involved in face detection and automatic emotional face processing, suggesting a core mechanism for impaired socioemotional processing in ASD. Neural abnormalities in this system may contribute to early-emerging deficits in social orienting and attention, the putative precursors to abnormalities in social cognition and cortical face processing specialization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Weaver, Kurt E.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnson, L. Clark] Univ Washington, Dept Psychosocial & Community Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Johnson, L. Clark; Greenson, Jessica; Aylward, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Ctr Human Dev & Disabil, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kleinhans, Natalia M.; Richards, Todd; Greenson, Jessica] Univ Washington, UW Autism Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aylward, Elizabeth] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Kleinhans, NM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nkleinha@u.washington.edu FU NICHD [U19 HD34565]; NIMH [U54MH066399]; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Early Experience and Brain Development FX This work was supported by NICHD (U19 HD34565) and NIMH (U54MH066399). The development of the MacBrain Face Stimulus Set was overseen by Nim Tottenham (tott0006@tc.umn.edu) and supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Early Experience and Brain Development. Portions of this manuscript were presented at the 7th International Meeting for Autism Research, London, England, 2008. We would like to thank Dr. Heracles Panagiotides for his helpful discussions on the subcortical face processing system, Dr. Sara Webb for her input on the experimental design, and Dr. Neva Corrigan for the help with stimuli preparation and MATIAB programming. 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matter microstructure ID HUMAN CORPUS-CALLOSUM; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DIFFUSION-TENSOR MRI; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MENTAL ROTATION; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY; FETAL TESTOSTERONE AB Sexual dimorphism in the brain is known to underpin sex differences in neuropsychological behaviors. The white matter (WM) microstructure appears to be coupled with cognitive performances. However, the issues concerning sex differences in WM remains to be determined. This study used the tract-based spatial statistics on diffusion tensor imaging concurrently with the assessments of Empathizing Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) in forty healthy female and forty male adults. Females exhibited greater fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fronto-occipital fasciculus, body of the corpus callosum, and WM underlying the parahippocampal gyrus. Males exhibited larger FA in the bilateral internal capsule, WM underlying the medial frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, hippocampus, insula, postcentral gyrus, frontal and temporal lobe. Interestingly, the interaction analysis of dispositional measures by sex showed that females had a positive correlation between FA of the WM underlying the inferior parietal lobule and superior temporal gyrus and EQ but a negative correlation between FA of the occipital and postcentral gyrus and SQ. Males displayed the opposite effect. The findings indicate a sexual dimorphism of WM microstructure. Divergent correlations of WM microstructure and neuropsychological behaviors between sexes may account for the higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in males. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cheng, Yawei; Chen, I-Yun; Lin, Ching-Po] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Chou, Kun-Hsien; Chu, Woei-Chyn] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Biomed Engn, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Cheng, Yawei] Natl Yang Ming Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Yilan, Taiwan. RP Lin, CP (reprint author), Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Neurosci, 155,Sec 2,St Li Nong, Taipei 112, Taiwan. EM cplin@ym.edu.tw; wchu@ym.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC 98-2517-S-004 -001-MY3, NSC 98-2923-B-010 -001 -MY3, NSC 97-2320-B-010 -003 -MY3]; Ministry of Economic Affairs [98-EC-17-A-19-S2-0103]; National Yang-Ming University Hospital [RD2009-005]; Academia Sinica [AS-99-TP-AC1]; National Health Research Institute [NHRI-EX98- 9813EC]; MRI Core Laboratory, NYMU FX The study was supported by the National Science Council (NSC 98-2517-S-004 -001-MY3; NSC 98-2923-B-010 -001 -MY3; NSC 97-2320-B-010 -003 -MY3), Ministry of Economic Affairs (98-EC-17-A-19-S2-0103), National Yang-Ming University Hospital (RD2009-005), Academia Sinica (AS-99-TP-AC1), and National Health Research Institute (NHRI-EX98- 9813EC). The authors acknowledge MR support from the MRI Core Laboratory, NYMU. 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Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 675IY UT WOS:000283825000075 PM 20633662 ER PT J AU Lang, R Mahoney, R El Zein, F Delaune, E Amidon, M AF Lang, Russell Mahoney, Richard El Zein, Farah Delaune, Elizabeth Amidon, Megan TI Evidence to practice: treatment of anxiety in individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE autism; ASD; Asperger's; anxiety; cognitive behavior therapy; applied behavior analysis ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHILDREN; THERAPY AB Clinical question: What treatment improves social interactions and reduces reports of anxiety symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a co-occurring anxiety disorder? Results: Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials suggest that cognitive behavior therapy in tandem with direct instruction of social skills using applied behavior analysis intervention components may be effective for treating anxiety in individuals with high functioning ASD. For individuals with ASD, an anxiety disorder, and an intellectual disability, systematic desensitization may be effective. Implementation: Intervention should emphasize teaching social skills. Reinforcers (ie, rewards based upon the client's interests) should be used to encourage participation in therapy. Treatment should incorporate visual aides and family involvement. Intervention components involving abstract concepts, visualization, and discussions of emotions are less useful given difficulties in abstract reasoning and communication inherent to ASD. C1 [Lang, Russell; Mahoney, Richard; El Zein, Farah; Delaune, Elizabeth; Amidon, Megan] Texas State Univ San Marcos, San Marcos, TX USA. 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Dis. Treat. PY 2011 VL 7 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.2147/NDT.S10327 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 821DN UT WOS:000294955100003 PM 21326652 ER PT J AU Semrud-Clikeman, M Fine, JG Zhu, DC AF Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret Fine, Jodene Goldenring Zhu, David C. TI The Role of the Right Hemisphere for Processing of Social Interactions in Normal Adults Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging SO NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Right hemisphere; Social interactions; Adults; Functional magnetic resonance imaging ID PERCEPTION; EMOTION; AUTISM; MOTION; BRAIN; FACE; FMRI AB Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whole-brain and hemispheric activation in normal adult volunteers to videos depicting positive and negative social encounters. There are few studies that have utilized dynamic social stimuli to evaluate brain activation. Method: Twenty young adults viewed videotaped vignettes during an functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure. The vignettes included positive and negative interaction scenes of social encounters. Results: Significant right greater than left activation for positive and negative conditions was found for the social interaction videos in the amygdaloid complex, the inferior frontal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, and the temporal gyri (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that the regions of the right hemisphere are more active in the interpretation of social information processing than those regions in the left hemisphere. This study is a first step in understanding processing of dynamic stimuli using ecologically appropriate stimuli that approximate the real-time social processing that is appropriate for use with populations who experience significant social problems. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret; Zhu, David C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychiat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fine, Jodene Goldenring] Michigan State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhu, David C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Radiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret; Fine, Jodene Goldenring; Zhu, David C.] Michigan State Univ, Consortium Neurodev Study, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Semrud-Clikeman, Margaret; Fine, Jodene Goldenring; Zhu, David C.] Michigan State Univ, Cognit Imaging Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Semrud-Clikeman, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, Psychol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM semrudcl@msu.edu CR ASHWIN C, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V45, P2 CASTELLI F, 2005, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE, P155 CORBETT BA, 2002, VIDEO MODELING EMOTI Davidson RJ, 2000, PSYCHOL BULL, V126, P890, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.126.6.890 Dunbar RIM, 2008, GROUP DYN-THEOR RES, V12, P7, DOI 10.1037/1089-2699.12.1.7 Hare TA, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P624, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.038 Kesler ML, 2001, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V11, P213, DOI 10.1016/S0926-6410(00)00073-2 Lawrence EJ, 2006, NEUROIMAGE, V29, P1173, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.001 Mar RA, 2007, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V2, P199, DOI 10.1093/scan/nsm011 Norris CJ, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P1818, DOI 10.1162/0898929042947847 Pelphrey KA, 2003, J NEUROSCI, V23, P6819 Pelphrey KA, 2004, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V16, P1706, DOI 10.1162/0898929042947900 Pelphrey KA, 2007, SOC COGN AFFECT NEUR, V2, P140, DOI 10.1093/scan/nsm010 Platek SM, 2006, HUM BRAIN MAPP, V27, P91, DOI 10.1002/hbm.20168 Prohovnik I, 2004, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V132, P239, DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.03.005 Schultz RT, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P415, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1208 Ward B. D., 2000, SIMULTANEOUS INFEREN NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-282X J9 NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Neuropsychobiology PY 2011 VL 64 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1159/000325075 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 769OF UT WOS:000291025300007 PM 21606658 ER PT J AU Freeth, M Foulsham, T Chapman, P AF Freeth, Megan Foulsham, Tom Chapman, Peter TI The influence of visual saliency on fixation patterns in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Visual saliency; Eye tracking; Social attention ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCENE PERCEPTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; AGNOSIA; SEARCH; OVERT AB It is widely reported that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) direct their attention in an atypical manner. When viewing complex scenes, typically developing individuals look at social aspects of scenes more rapidly than individuals with ASD. In the absence of a strong drive to extract social information, is something else capturing attention in these initial fixations, such as visually salient features? Twenty four high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 24 typically developing matched control participants viewed a series of indoor and outdoor scenes while their eye movements were tracked. Participants in both groups were more likely to fixate on salient regions in the first five fixations than later in viewing. Peak saliency at fixation occurred at fixation two for the typically developing participants but at fixation three for ASD participants. This difference was driven by typically developing participants looking at heads earlier than ASD participants - which are often visually salient. No differences between groups were observed for images in which the heads were not salient. We can therefore conclude that visual saliency impacts fixation location in a similar manner in individuals with ASD and those with typical development. It was found that social features in scenes (heads) captured attention much more than visually salient features, even in individuals with ASD. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Freeth, Megan] Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England. [Foulsham, Tom] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Chapman, Peter] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Freeth, M (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England. EM m.freeth@sheffield.ac.uk; tfoulsham@psych.ubc.ca; Peter.Chapman@nottingham.ac.uk FU University of Nottingham; Economic and Social Research Council [PTA-026-27-2283]; Government of Canada FX This research was funded by a PhD studentship from the University of Nottingham awarded to the first author and Economic and Social Research Council Grant number PTA-026-27-2283. TF was supported by a Commonwealth Fellowship from the Government of Canada. 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The great majority of these empirical studies relies on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which has a relatively poor temporal resolution. Only a handful of studies has examined networks emerging from dynamic coherence at the millisecond resolution and there are no investigations of coherence at the lowest frequencies in the power spectrum which has recently been shown to reflect long-range cortico-cortical connections. Here we used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess dynamic brain connectivity in ASD focusing in the low-frequency (delta) range. We found that connectivity patterns were distinct in ASD and control populations and reflected a double dissociation: ASD subjects lacked long-range connections, with a most prominent deficit in fronto-occipital connections. Conversely, individuals with ASD showed increased short-range connections in lateral-frontal electrodes. This effect between categories showed a consistent parametric dependency: as ASD severity increased, short-range coherence was more pronounced and long-range coherence decreased. Theoretical arguments have been proposed arguing that distinct patterns of connectivity may result in networks with different efficiency in transmission of information. We show that the networks in ASD subjects have less Clustering coefficient, greater Characteristic Path Length than controls - indicating that the topology of the network departs from small-world behaviour - and greater modularity. Together these results show that delta-band coherence reveal qualitative and quantitative aspects associated with ASD pathology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barttfeld, Pablo; Wicker, Bruno; Cukier, Sebastian; Navarta, Silvana; Sigman, Mariano] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, Integrat Neurosci Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 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Davies, Daniel K. Wehmeyer, Michael L. Lachapelle, Yves TI Emerging new practices in technology to support independent community access for people with intellectual and cognitive disabilities SO NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Intellectual and cognitive disabilities; technology; community access ID PARTICIPATION; ADULTS AB The concept of community access is a multidimensional term, which may involve issues related to physical access, knowledge and information, power and control, relationships and communications, advocacy, participation and quality of life [21]. This paper discusses historical and emerging practices and interventions related to physical access to community and community based information for individuals with cognitive disabilities such as intellectual disability, autism or traumatic brain injury. While much societal attention has been paid to features of independent community access for populations such as individuals with hearing, vision or physical disabilities, less attention has focused on independent community access for people with intellectual and other significant cognitive disabilities. Attitudes and actions by families and professional service communities are often mixed for some individuals in this population. The somewhat limited research base in these areas is explored, including a case study review and results from several promising feasibility studies. The paper concludes with comments concerning future prospects and recommendations for improving independent community access for persons with significant cognitive disabilities. C1 [Stock, Steven E.; Davies, Daniel K.] AbleLink Technol Inc, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Wehmeyer, Michael L.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lachapelle, Yves] Univ Quebec, Trois Rivieres, PQ GA9 5H7, Canada. 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H. Staal, Wouter G. van Engeland, Herman Durston, Sarah TI The neurobiology of repetitive behavior: Of mice ... SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Repetitive behavior; Stereotypy; Corticostriatal circuitry; Basal ganglia; Striatum; Neurodevelopmental disorders ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; DISSOCIATING EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE; GENE DEFICIENT MICE; OCD-LIKE BEHAVIORS; BASAL GANGLIA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; TOURETTES-SYNDROME AB Repetitive and stereotyped behavior is a prominent element of both animal and human behavior. Similar behavior is seen across species, in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and in key phases of typical development. This raises the question whether these similar classes of behavior are caused by similar neurobiological mechanisms or whether they are neurobiologically unique? In this paper we discuss fundamental animal research and translational models. Imbalances in corticostriatal function often result in repetitive behavior, where different classes of behavior appear to be supported by similar neural mechanisms. Although the exact nature of these imbalances are not yet fully understood, synthesizing the literature in this area provides a framework for studying the neurobiological systems involved in repetitive behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langen, Marieke] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging Lab NICHE, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kas, Martien J. H.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Langen, M (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging Lab NICHE, HP A01-468-431,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM m.langen@umcutrecht.nl RI Staal, Wouter/A-3099-2013 FU Netherlands Brain Foundation FX We thank Ingrid Janssen for figure preparation. Dr. W.G. Staal gratefully acknowledges the Netherlands Brain Foundation for sponsoring his research. 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Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.004 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 712CJ UT WOS:000286639900001 PM 20156480 ER PT J AU Langen, M Durston, S Kas, MJH van Engeland, H Staal, WG AF Langen, Marieke Durston, Sarah Kas, Martien J. H. van Engeland, Herman Staal, Wouter G. TI The neurobiology of repetitive behavior: ... and men SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Repetitive behavior; Stereotypy; Corticostriatal circuitry; Basal ganglia; Striatum; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Autism; OCD; Tourette; Parkinson; Huntington ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER AVAILABILITY; DOPAMINE DYSREGULATION SYNDROME; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS VOLUME; BASAL GANGLIA VOLUMES; EVENT-RELATED FMRI AB In young, typically developing children, repetitive behavior similar to that in certain neuropsychiatric syndromes is common. Whereas this behavior is adaptive in typical development, in many disorders it forms a core component of symptoms and causes prominent impairment in the daily life of affected individuals. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved repetitive behavior will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, stimulating novel approaches to these conditions. However, studies on the neurobiology of human repetitive behavior have often been limited to distinct conditions and generalization has been hindered by inconsistent terminology. In this paper, we synthesize the 'disorder-driven' literature, building on findings from fundamental animal research and translational models. These findings suggest a model for classifying repetitive behavior by its neuroanatomical correlates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Langen, Marieke] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging Lab, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. [Kas, Martien J. H.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Langen, M (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Neuroimaging Lab, HP A01-468-431,Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands. EM m.langen@umcutrecht.nl RI Staal, Wouter/A-3099-2013 FU Netherlands Brain Foundation FX We thank Ingrid Janssen for figure preparation. Dr. W.G. Staal gratefully acknowledges the Netherlands Brain Foundation for sponsoring his research. 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Biobehav. Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 356 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.005 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 712CJ UT WOS:000286639900002 PM 20153769 ER PT J AU Kana, RK Wadsworth, HM Travers, BG AF Kana, Rajesh K. Wadsworth, Heather M. Travers, Brittany G. TI A systems level analysis of the mirror neuron hypothesis and imitation impairments in autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mirror neurons; Imitation; Autism; Underconnectivity; Mimicry; Emulation ID SHARED MANIFOLD HYPOTHESIS; INFERIOR FRONTAL-CORTEX; WHITE-MATTER; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; PARIETAL CORTEX; PREMOTOR CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; COMMUNICATIVE DEFICITS; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME AB Although several studies suggest an imitation deficit as a key feature of autism, questions have been raised about the consistency of this finding and about the component skills involved in imitation. The primary aim of this review is to examine the uneven profile of imitation deficits found in autism in the context of the mirror neuron system (MNS) dysfunction hypothesis. We use the cortical under-connectivity framework (Just et al., 2004) to examine the coordination of brain areas that orchestrate the communication between the component skills underlying imitation. A comprehensive account of imitation deficit in autism should take into account the regions that are at the core of the MNS (e.g., IFG and IPL) and related regions that feed into the MNS (e.g., STS, Cerebellum) in their functioning and in their coordination. Our findings suggest that the MNS may be associated with mediating familiarity, attention, self-other matching, and social relevance, which may be vital in characterizing the imitation deficits in autism. Such an analysis may have greater clinical and therapeutic value. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kana, Rajesh K.; Wadsworth, Heather M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Travers, Brittany G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Kana, RK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, CIRC 235G,1719 6th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM rkana@uab.edu; hwadswor@uab.edu; bgtravers@crimson.ua.edu FU UAB Department of Psychology; McNulty-Civitan Scientist Award FX The authors thank Lauren Libero and Stacy Levin for critical comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the UAB Department of Psychology faculty start-up funds, and the McNulty-Civitan Scientist Award to R.K. 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Rev. xx (x), XXX-XXX - the significance of socio-emotional factors in development and maintenance of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has been noted, but the literature is poorly integrated without clear models guiding research or treatment. This systematic review retrieved experimental studies of social-cognitive or affective processing in AN and categorised them using Ochsner's "Social-Emotional Processing Stream." Ochsner's "Processing Stream", based on healthy data, comprises five constructs: (1) acquisition of and (2) recognition and response to social-affective stimuli, (3) low-level and (4) high-level mental state inference and (5) context-sensitive emotion regulation. Thirty-seven experimental studies in Anorexia Nervosa were identified, mapping on to four of the five constructs (not Construct 3). A meta-analysis of nine affect recognition studies was conducted. AN patients demonstrated impairments in each of the four domains with preliminary reports that some difficulties are trait-like, and others ameliorate following recovery. Socio-emotional data was integrated with previous reports of neural abnormalities to generate an AN specific model of socio-emotional processing. Additional research is required for further definition and to translate experimental findings into clinical practice. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oldershaw, A.; Hambrook, D.; Tchanturia, K.; Treasure, J.; Schmidt, U.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, Sect Eating Disorders P059, London SE5 8AF, England. [Stahl, D.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Biostat P020, London SE5 8AF, England. [Treasure, J.] Kings & St Thomas Med Sch, Dept Acad Psychiat, London, England. RP Oldershaw, A (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, Sect Eating Disorders P059, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM a.oldershaw@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI Stahl, Daniel/B-9713-2011; Tchanturia, Kate/H-1474-2011 OI Stahl, Daniel/0000-0001-7987-6619; FU Psychiatry Research Trust; RIED; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; Department of Health NIHR [RP-PG-0606-1043] FX Anna Oldershaw was supported by a PhD studentship from the charities Psychiatry Research Trust and RIED. This work was also supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and by a Department of Health NIHR Programme Grant for Applied Research (Reference number RP-PG-0606-1043; ARIADNE - Applied Research into Anorexia Nervosa and Not Otherwise Specified Eating Disorders awarded to U. Schmidt, J. Treasure, K. Tchanturia, H. Startup, S. Ringwood, S. Landau, M. Grover, I. Eisler, I. Campbell, J. Beecham, M. Allen, and G. Wolff). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. 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Stamova, Boryana Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Pessah, Isaac N. Hansen, Robin Yang, Xiaowei Gregg, Jeffrey P. Ashwood, Paul Jickling, Glen Van de Water, Judy Sharp, Frank R. TI Correlations of Gene Expression with Blood Lead Levels in Children with Autism Compared to Typically Developing Controls SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blood; Lead; Heavy metals; Autism; Microarrays; Genes ID INVARIANT CHAIN EXPRESSION; DEVELOPING RAT-KIDNEY; ISOLATED-MITOCHONDRIA; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; RENAL TUBULE; ANNEXIN-IV; EXPOSURE; STRESS; DISORDERS AB The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between gene expression and lead (Pb) levels in blood in children with autism (AU, n = 37) compared to typically developing controls (TD, n = 15). We postulated that, though lead levels did not differ between the groups, AU children might metabolize lead differently compared to TD children. RNA was isolated from blood and processed on Affymetrix microarrays. Separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) corrected for age and gender were performed for TD, AU, and all subjects (AU ? TD). To reduce false positives, only genes that overlapped these three ANCOVAs were considered. Thus, 48 probe sets correlated with lead levels in both AU and TD subjects and were significantly different between the groups (p(Diagnosis x log(2) Pb) < 0.05). These genes were related mainly to immune and inflammatory processes, including MHC Class II family members and CD74. A large number (n = 791) of probe sets correlated (P <= 0.05) with lead C1 [Tian, Yingfang] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, MIND Inst,Wet Labs, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Green, Peter G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Yang, Xiaowei] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept VM Mol Biosci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hansen, Robin] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gregg, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Tian, Yingfang; Stamova, Boryana; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Pessah, Isaac N.; Hansen, Robin; Gregg, Jeffrey P.; Ashwood, Paul; Jickling, Glen; Van de Water, Judy; Sharp, Frank R.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth & Dis Preven, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Tian, YF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, MIND Inst,Wet Labs, 2805 50th St,Room 2434, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM yftian@ucdavis.edu RI Jickling, Glen/K-4002-2013 FU NIH [I P01 ES11269, 1 R01 ES015359]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R829388, R833292]; Cure Autism Now (Autism Speaks); UC Discovery (Industry-University Cooperative Research Program); Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC); MIND Institute at UCD FX The authors thank the CHARGE study staff for recruitment, assessment, and data collection and the many families who participated. We also thank the UCD genomics core for processing the samples. This study was supported by NIH grant (I P01 ES11269) (1 R01 ES015359), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to ARCHIVE Results (STAR) program (R829388, R833292), a Cure Autism Now (Autism Speaks) grant, a UC Discovery (Industry-University Cooperative Research Program) grant, and an award from the Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC) and MIND Institute at UCD. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. 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TI Correlations Between Gene Expression and Mercury Levels in Blood of Boys With and Without Autism SO NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blood; Mercury; Heavy metals; Autism; Microarrays; Genes ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; HUMAN T-CELLS; INORGANIC MERCURY; METHYL MERCURY; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SEROTONERGIC AXONS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Gene expression in blood was correlated with mercury levels in blood of 2- to 5-year-old boys with autism (AU) compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) control boys. This was done to address the possibility that the two groups might metabolize toxicants, such as mercury, differently. RNA was isolated from blood and gene expression assessed on whole genome Affymetrix Human U133 expression microarrays. Mercury levels were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed and partial correlations between gene expression and mercury levels were calculated, after correcting for age and batch effects. To reduce false positives, only genes shared by the ANCOVA models were analyzed. Of the 26 genes that correlated with mercury levels in both AU and TD boys, 11 were significantly different between the groups (P(Diagnosis*Mercury) <= 0.05). The expression of a large number of genes (n = 316) correlated with mercury levels in TD but not in AU boys (P <= 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell death and cell morphology. Expression of 189 genes correlated with mercury levels in AU but not in TD boys (P <= 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell morphology, amino acid metabolism, and antigen presentation. These data and those in our companion study on correlation of gene expression and lead levels show that AU and TD children display different correlations between transcript levels and low levels of mercury and lead. These findings might suggest different genetic transcriptional programs associated with mercury in AU compared to TD children. C1 [Stamova, Boryana; Tian, Yingfang; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Pessah, Isaac N.; Hansen, Robin; Gregg, Jeffrey P.; Ashwood, Paul; Van de Water, Judy; Sharp, Frank R.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Stamova, Boryana; Tian, Yingfang; Teng, Jennifer; Sharp, Frank R.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Green, Peter G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Yang, Xiaowei] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept VM Mol Biosci, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hansen, Robin] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gregg, Jeffrey P.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Ashwood, Paul] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Van de Water, Judy] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Stamova, Boryana; Tian, Yingfang; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Pessah, Isaac N.; Hansen, Robin; Gregg, Jeffrey P.; Ashwood, Paul; Van de Water, Judy; Sharp, Frank R.] UC Davis Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth & Dis Preven, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Stamova, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, MIND Inst, 2805 50th St,Room 2434, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM boryana.stamova@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NIH [I P01 ES11269, 1 R01 ES015359]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R829388, R833292]; Cure Autism Now (Autism Speaks); UC Discovery (Industry-University Cooperative Research Program); Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC); MIND Institute at UCD FX The authors thank the CHARGE study staff for recruitment, assessment, and data collection and the many families who participated. We also thank the UCD genomics core for processing the samples. This study was supported by NIH grant (I P01 ES11269) (1 R01 ES015359), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to ARCHIVE Results (STAR) program (R829388, R833292), a Cure Autism Now (Autism Speaks) grant, a UC Discovery (Industry-University Cooperative Research Program) grant, and an award from the Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC) and MIND Institute at UCD. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. 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If emotions are not natural kinds, there will be widespread consequences for the theoretical foundations of behavioral neuroscience and grave implications for the validity of animal models of emotion and affective disorders. This paper presents the evidence against the hypothesis of emotions as natural kinds, and offers the "domain-interplay" concept as a novel and effective experimental method for establishing the theoretical rationale of non-human animal research in the neurosciences. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Warnick, Jason E.] Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Behav Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. [LaPorte, Justin L.] NIMH, Clin Sci Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kalueff, Allan V.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Warnick, JE (reprint author), Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Behav Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. 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BE Johnson, JI Zeigler, HP Hof, PR TI The von Economo neurons in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex SO NEW PERSPECTIVES ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL EVOLUTION SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Studies of Neurobehavioral Evolution CY JUN 25-28, 2010 CL Washington, DC SP Neuroscience Assoc Inc, Michigan State Univ, Dept Radiol HO Armed Forces Inst Pathol DE frontotemporal dementia; autism; schizophrenia; empathy; disgust; self-awareness; hemispheric specialization ID FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; ERROR-DETECTION; INSULAR CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NEURAL ACTIVITY; GREAT APES; ACTIVATION; NETWORKS AB The von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar neurons located in the frontoinsular cortex (FI) and limbic anterior (LA) area in great apes and humans but not in other primates. Our stereological counts of VENs in FI and LA show them to be more numerous in humans than in apes. 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C1 [Allman, John M.; Tetreault, Nicole A.; Hakeem, Atiya Y.; Manaye, Kebreten F.; Semendeferi, Katerina; Erwin, Joseph M.; Park, Soyoung; Goubert, Virginie; Hof, Patrick R.] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Allman, JM (reprint author), MC 216-76-1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cebus@caltech.edu FU NIH/NIA [AG14308]; James S. McDonnell Foundation; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Simons Foundation; National Institute of Mental Health FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Barbara Wold, Chet Sherwood, Bill Seeley, and A. D. Craig for their invaluable comments and discussion. We thank Drs. Micheal Tyszka and Jason Kaufman for the MRI imaging of the ape brains. We thank Drs. Kristen Tillisch and Emeran Mayer for the MR images of the young adult human subject. We thank Dr. Heidi Griffith for her help in collecting some of the human stereological data. We also thank Archibald Fobbs, curator of the Yakovlev and Welker Brain Collections, and Dr. Adrianne Noe, Director of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, for their crucial role in preserving these collections and making them available to us and to the broader scientific community. In the Hof lab, technical help was provided by B. Wicinski and S. Harry. Several of the great ape brains involved in this study were on loan to the "Great Ape Aging Project" from zoological gardens that are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and that participate in the Ape Taxon Advisory Group (Ape-TAG). We especially appreciate the contribution of zoo veterinarians and staff in collecting and providing specimens. Additional human tissue was obtained from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders. 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PY 2011 VL 1225 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06011.x PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Evolutionary Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Evolutionary Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BVF44 UT WOS:000291368900007 PM 21534993 ER PT J AU Gattino, GS Riesgo, RD Longo, D Leite, JCL Faccini, LS AF Gattino, Gustavo Schulz Riesgo, Rudimar dos Santos Longo, Danae Loguercio Leite, Julio Cesar Faccini, Lavina Schueler TI Effects of relational music therapy on communication of children with autism: a randomized controlled study SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism; communication; music therapy ID RATING-SCALE; EXPRESSIVE COMMUNICATION; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; INTERVENTION; INTERESTS; IMITATION AB The intent of this study (registration ACTRN12608000625370) was to investigate the effects of Relational Music Therapy (RMT) in verbal, nonverbal and social communication of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 24 boys from the Programme for Invasive Developmental Disorders (Porto Alegre City, Brazil), was designed to compare individuals treated with music therapy (n=12) and standard treatment (clinical routine activities including medical examinations and consultations, n=12). The outcomes were assessed by two blind evaluators, before and after interventions, through the verbal, nonverbal and social communication scores of Brazilian version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS-BR). The CARS-BR scores in T1 and T2 did not show a statistically significant difference in the three measured outcomes. However, the study found a positive statistically significant difference on subgroup analysis of nonverbal communication among patients with autistic disorder, p=0.008 and standard mean difference of 2.22 (95% CI 1.90 to 2.53). The results observed in the investigation of the effects of relational music therapy on communication skills of ASD children are inconclusive. The next investigations need more rigorous designs leading to smaller effect size estimates and more accurate tools for the outcome assessment (including some specific instrument of music therapy). These modifications will increase the accuracy to observe the treatment effects in this population. C1 [Gattino, Gustavo Schulz; Riesgo, Rudimar dos Santos; Longo, Danae; Faccini, Lavina Schueler] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Loguercio Leite, Julio Cesar] Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Gattino, GS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 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J. Music Ther. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1080/08098131.2011.566933 PG 13 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 761MI UT WOS:000290401700004 ER PT J AU Kilincaslan, A Mukaddes, NM Kucukyazici, GS Gurvit, H AF Kilincaslan, Ayse Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli Kucukyazici, Gokce Sozen Gurvit, Hakan TI Asperger's Disorder and Nonverbal Learning Disability: Similarity Between Cognitive Profile and Memory Functions SO NOROPSIKIYATRI ARSIVI-ARCHIVES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA Turkish DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; Non-verbal learning disorder; neuropsychology; memory ID WHITE-MATTER; AUTISM; CHILDREN; DEFICITS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; VALIDITY; SYSTEMS AB Objective: Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is a condition associated with prominent nonverbal deficits such as reduced perceptual and spatial abilities, while the verbal abilities remain relatively intact. Some researchers have reported that there is a considerable overlap between cognitive and behavioral features of Asperger's Disorder (AD) and NVLD. The present study aimed to assess the hypothesis of the presence of NVLD in AD using a neuropsychological battery, which primarily focused on memory, in a group of children and adolescents from the Turkish population. Methods: 21 individuals, aged 7-16 years, - who referred to Istanbul Medical Faculty Child Psychiatry Department and were diagnosed with AD according to DSM-IV criteria, and 18 age-, gender-, IQ- and education level-matched volunteer controls were evaluated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, and The Benton Judgment of Line Orientation and Facial Recognition tests were administered to the participants. Results: The AD group performed similarly to the controls on verbal memory and verbal comprehension, but was significantly poorer in short-and long-term visual memory, perceptual organization and visuospatial constructional abilities. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the neuropsychological profile of the individuals with AD is closely similar to that of NVLD. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2011; 48: 140-6) C1 [Kilincaslan, Ayse; Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli; Kucukyazici, Gokce Sozen] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Tip Fak, Cocuk Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Istanbul, Turkey. [Gurvit, Hakan] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Tip Fak, Norol Anabilim Dali, Davranis Norol Birimi, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Kilincaslan, A (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Tip Fak, Cocuk Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Istanbul, Turkey. 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PY 2011 VL 48 IS 2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.4274/npa.y5724 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 792GL UT WOS:000292729200010 ER PT J AU Benedict, RE Patz, J Maenner, MJ Arneson, CL Yeargin-Allsopp, M Doernberg, NS Braun, KV Kirby, RS Durkin, MS AF Benedict, Ruth E. Patz, Jean Maenner, Matthew J. Arneson, Carrie L. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Doernberg, Nancy S. Braun, Kim Van Naarden Kirby, Russell S. Durkin, Maureen S. TI Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population-based record surveillance SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; motor function; reliability; surveillance ID FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; OUTCOME TOOLS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; PARTICIPATION; IMPAIRMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISABILITIES; STABILITY AB P>Benedict RE, Patz J, Maenner MJ, Arneson CL, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Doernberg NS, Van Naarden Braun K, Kirby RS, Durkin MS. Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population-based record surveillance. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010. For conditions with wide-ranging consequences, such as cerebral palsy (CP), population-based surveillance provides an estimate of the prevalence of case status but only the broadest understanding of the impact of the condition on children, families or society. Beyond case status, information regarding health, functional skills and participation is necessary to fully appreciate the consequences of the condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of enhancing population-based surveillance by classifying gross motor function (GMF) from information available in medical records of children with CP. We assessed inter-rater reliability of two GMF classification methods, one the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the other a 3-category classification of walking ability: (1) independently, (2) with handheld mobility device, or (3) limited or none. Two qualified clinicians independently reviewed abstracted evaluations from medical records of 8-year-old children residing in southeast Wisconsin, USA who were identified as having CP (n = 154) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Ninety per cent (n = 138) of the children with CP had information in the record after age 4 years and 108 (70%) had adequate descriptions of gross motor skills to classify using the GMFCS. Agreement was achieved on 75.0% of the GMFCS ratings (simple kappa = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI 0.57, 0.78], weighted kappa = 0.83, [95% CI 0.77, 0.89]). Among case children for whom walking ability could be classified (n = 117), approximately half walked independently without devices and one-third had limited or no walking ability. Across walking ability categories, agreement was reached for 94% (simple kappa = 0.90, [95% CI 0.82, 0.96], weighted kappa = 0.94, [95% CI 0.89, 0.98]). Classifying GMF in the context of active records-based surveillance is feasible and reliable. Future surveillance efforts that include functional level among children with cerebral palsy may provide important information for monitoring the impact of the condition for programmatic and policy purposes. C1 [Benedict, Ruth E.; Patz, Jean] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Benedict, Ruth E.; Patz, Jean; Maenner, Matthew J.; Arneson, Carrie L.; Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Maenner, Matthew J.; Durkin, Maureen S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn; Doernberg, Nancy S.; Braun, Kim Van Naarden] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kirby, Russell S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. RP Benedict, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Occupat Therapy Program, 3170 Med Sci Ctr,1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rbenedict@wisc.edu RI Durkin, Maureen/B-7834-2015 FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [UR3/CCU523235, UR3/DD000078]; University of Wisconsin-Madison FX The protocol for this project was approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Social and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board. We are indebted to the project staff and to the hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centres, health care providers, and state public health and rehabilitation agencies whose participation made this study possible. This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Cooperative Agreements UR3/CCU523235 and UR3/DD000078 as part of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. Additional funding for graduate student support for data analysis was provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison. 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Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01164.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 691FO UT WOS:000285065900011 PM 21133973 ER PT J AU Nelson, LP Getzin, A Graham, D Zhou, J Wagle, EM McQuiston, J McLaughlin, S Govind, A Sadof, M Huntington, NL AF Nelson, Linda P. Getzin, Anne Graham, Dionne Zhou, Jing Wagle, Elke M. McQuiston, Jessie McLaughlin, Suzanne Govind, Akshay Sadof, Matthew Huntington, Noelle L. TI Unmet Dental Needs and Barriers to Care for Children with Significant Special Health Care Needs SO PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS; ORAL HEALTH; ACCESS TO CARE; BARRIERS TO CARE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct the first known large scale survey of parents of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) to determine their child's: oral health status; access to dental care; perceived barriers (environmental/system and nonenvironmental/family); and oral health quality of life, accounting for each child's medical diagnosis and severity of diagnosis. Methods: A 72-item survey was sent to 3760 families of CSHCN throughout urban and rural Massachusetts. Results: The study yielded 1,128 completed surveys. More than 90% of the children had seen a dentist within the past year; 66% sow a pediatric dentist, and 21% needed intense behavioral interventions. Although most families had high education levels, private dental insurance, and above average incomes, 20% of CSHCN had an unmet dental need. Children with craniofacial anomalies had twice as many unmet needs and children with cystic fibrosis had fewer unmet needs. Children with cerebral palsy, autism, developmental delay, and Down syndrome had more aversions to dental treatment, more treatment complications posed by their medical conditions, and more difficulty finding a dentist willing to provide care. Children with cystic fibrosis, metabolic disorders, or hemophilia encountered fewer barriers to care. Conclusions: The data paint a picture of high unmet dental needs with subpopulations of children with special health care needs who are more at risk for system barriers and internal family barriers to care based on their medical diagnoses. (Pediatr Dent 2011;33:29-36) Received August 7 2009 I Lost Revision November 18, 2009 I Accepted November 27, 2009 C1 [Nelson, Linda P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nelson, Linda P.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Dent, Boston, MA USA. [Getzin, Anne] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI USA. [Graham, Dionne; Zhou, Jing] Childrens Hosp Boston, Clin Res Program, Boston, MA USA. [Wagle, Elke M.] Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [McQuiston, Jessie] Ohio State Univ, Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. [McLaughlin, Suzanne] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Govind, Akshay] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Sadof, Matthew] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sadof, Matthew] Baystate Childrens Hosp, Springfield, MA USA. [Huntington, Noelle L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Huntington, Noelle L.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA USA. RP Nelson, LP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Dev Biol, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Linda.Nelson@childrens.harvard.edu FU DentaQuest Institute, Westborough, Mass FX The authors wish to thank all the families who completed the surveys and the following people and their offices/organizations: Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass, Dr. Joanne Cox, private practice; Dr. Ellis Neufeld, Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Hemophilia Clinic; Dr. Matthew Heeney, Sickle Cell Clinic; Drs. Jay Berry, Nedda Hobbs, and Laurie Glader, Complex Care Services; Dr. Leonard Rappaport, Developmental Medicine Autism Clinic and Low IQ Clinic; and Dr. Alexandra Epee-Bounya, Martha Eliot Community Health Center; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Mass; Complex Care Clinic; Dr. Philippa Sprinz, Sickle Cell Clinic; University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Mass, Dr. Beverly Nazarian, Primary Care Pediatrics; Dr. Janice Lalikos, Craniofacial Clinic; Dr. David Ansel, Children's Medical Office of North Andover; Dr. Ken Colmer, Bass River Pediatrics of South Yarmouth; Dr. Bruce Kalow, Somerville Pediatrics Health Center; Dr. Beth Dworetzky, Federation for Children with Special Needs; Dr. Brian Skotko, Massachusetts Down Syndrome Congress; Dr. Steven Perlman, Special Olympics; and for tremendous guidance during this study, Dr. Judith Palfrey. This study was financially supported by DentaQuest Institute, Westborough, Mass. 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Dent. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA 757HW UT WOS:000290077100006 PM 21406145 ER PT J AU Domijan, D Setic, M AF Domijan, D. Setic, M. TI Neurocomputational model of superior visual search performance in autism spectrum disorder SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Domijan, D.; Setic, M.] Univ Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. EM ddomijan@ffri.hr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2011 VL 40 SU S BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V27PI UT WOS:000208624700529 ER PT J AU Ronconi, L Gori, S Ruffino, M Facoetti, A AF Ronconi, L. Gori, S. Ruffino, M. Facoetti, A. TI Poor coherent motion discrimination is the consequence of magnocellular impairment in autism spectrum disorders? SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ronconi, L.; Gori, S.; Facoetti, A.] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Ruffino, M.] Ist Sci E Medea Bosisio Parini, Unita Neuropsicol Sviluppo, Lecce, Italy. EM luca.ronconi05@gmail.com RI Facoetti, Andrea/C-2876-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2011 VL 40 SU S BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V27PI UT WOS:000208624700537 ER PT J AU Letourneau, SM Mitchell, TV AF Letourneau, Susan M. Mitchell, Teresa V. TI Gaze patterns during identity and emotion judgments in hearing adults and deaf users of American Sign Language SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID FACE RECOGNITION; EYE; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; AUTISM; SPECIFICITY; FIXATIONS; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; CULTURE AB Deaf individuals rely on facial expressions for emotional, social, and linguistic cues. In order to test the hypothesis that specialized experience with faces can alter typically observed gaze patterns, twelve hearing adults and twelve deaf, early-users of American Sign Language judged the emotion and identity of expressive faces (including whole faces, and isolated top and bottom halves), while accuracy and fixations were recorded. Both groups recognized individuals more accurately from top than bottom halves, and emotional expressions from bottom than top halves. Hearing adults directed the majority of fixations to the top halves of faces in both tasks, but fixated the bottom half slightly more often when judging emotion than identity. In contrast, deaf adults often split fixations evenly between the top and bottom halves regardless of task demands. These results suggest that deaf adults have habitual fixation patterns that may maximize their ability to gather information from expressive faces. C1 [Letourneau, Susan M.] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Mitchell, Teresa V.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. RP Letourneau, SM (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, 415 S St, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM suzy.letourneau@gmail.com FU NIDCD NRSA [F31-DC009351] FX This research was supported by NIDCD NRSA grant F31-DC009351. Many thanks to Leslie Zebrowitz, Arthur Wingfield, Charles Nelson, Giordana Grossi, and Melissa Maslin for their helpful feedback on this research. 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TI Fluoxetine but not risperidone increases sociability in the BTBR mouse model of autism SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Autism; Fluoxetine; Risperidone; BTBR; Mice; Behavior ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; SOCIAL APPROACH BEHAVIORS; INBRED STRAINS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; MUTANT MICE; T+TF/J MICE; TF/J MOUSE; PHENOTYPES; C57BL/6J; ANTIDEPRESSANT AB Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by abnormal social interactions, impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors and/or restricted interests, along with several associated symptoms including irritability and anxiety. Risperidone is approved for the irritability and self-injurious behaviors found in autism. Fluoxetine is under evaluation for the repetitive behaviors and anxiety associated with autism. These two drugs were evaluated in the BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism and C57BL/6J (B6) mice by using the three-chambered social approach test and elevated plus maze to determine effects on sociability and anxiety. Fluoxetine increased sociability, defined as time spent with a stranger mouse, in the BTBR mice without affecting anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. Fluoxetine did not significantly change either behavior in the B6 mice. Risperidone did not affect sociability or anxiety-like behaviors and had a sedative-like effect at higher doses. These findings suggest that fluoxetine may have some therapeutic efficacy for treating the social behaviors in autism. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Behav Pharmacol Lab, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Chadman, KK (reprint author), New York State Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Dept Dev Neurobiol, Behav Pharmacol Lab, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM kathryn.chadman@omr.state.ny.us FU New York State Office for Persons With Developmental Disabilities FX The author would like to thank Ausma Rabe, Ph.D., for editorial comments. Supported by the New York State Office for Persons With Developmental Disabilities. 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Biochem. Behav. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 97 IS 3 BP 586 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.012 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 707PR UT WOS:000286299000025 PM 20863848 ER PT J AU French, L Pavlidis, P AF French, Leon Pavlidis, Paul TI Relationships between Gene Expression and Brain Wiring in the Adult Rodent Brain SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; AXON GUIDANCE; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; SYNAPTIC CONNECTIVITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CHROMOSOME 7Q; MOUSE RETINA; SPINAL-CORD; AUTISM AB We studied the global relationship between gene expression and neuroanatomical connectivity in the adult rodent brain. We utilized a large data set of the rat brain "connectome" from the Brain Architecture Management System (942 brain regions and over 5000 connections) and used statistical approaches to relate the data to the gene expression signatures of 17,530 genes in 142 anatomical regions from the Allen Brain Atlas. Our analysis shows that adult gene expression signatures have a statistically significant relationship to connectivity. In particular, brain regions that have similar expression profiles tend to have similar connectivity profiles, and this effect is not entirely attributable to spatial correlations. In addition, brain regions which are connected have more similar expression patterns. Using a simple optimization approach, we identified a set of genes most correlated with neuroanatomical connectivity, and find that this set is enriched for genes involved in neuronal development and axon guidance. A number of the genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorder. Our results have the potential to shed light on the role of gene expression patterns in influencing neuronal activity and connectivity, with potential applications to our understanding of brain disorders. Supplementary data are available at http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/ABAMS. C1 [French, Leon] Univ British Columbia, Bioinformat Grad Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [French, Leon; Pavlidis, Paul] Univ British Columbia, Ctr High Throughput Biol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Pavlidis, Paul] Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP French, L (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Bioinformat Grad Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM paul@chibi.ubc.ca RI Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012; Pavlidis, Paul/H-8406-2013 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283; Pavlidis, Paul/0000-0002-0426-5028 FU National Institutes of Health [GM076990]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [371348-10]; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research; Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM076990 to PP, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada awards to LF (Postgraduate Scholarship) and PP (371348-10), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (Leaders Opportunities Fund), the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (Career Investigator award to PP), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (New Investigator Salary Award to PP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Book Review CR BERNARDOPITZ V, 2010, PRAKTISCHE HILFEN KI, DOI DOI 10.1026/0942-5403/A000032 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT PI GOTTINGEN PA THEATERSTRASSE 13,, D-37073 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SN 0032-7034 J9 PRAX KINDERPSYCHOL K JI Prax. Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiatr. PY 2011 VL 60 IS 7 BP 591 EP 592 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 831VT UT WOS:000295759900007 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Austin, DW AF Brown, Christine M. Austin, David W. TI Autistic disorder and phospholipids: A review SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Autistic disorder; Phospholipids; EFA; Breastfeeding; Colostrum ID FATTY-ACID-METABOLISM; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB Dysregulated phospholipid metabolism has been proposed as an underlying biological component of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic disorder (AD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review provides an overview of fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and evidence for phospholipid dysregulation with reference to the membrane hypothesis of schizophrenia. While there is evidence that phospholipid metabolism is at least impaired in individuals with AD, it has not been established whether phospholipid metabolism is implicated in causal, mechanistic or epiphenomenological models. More research is needed to ascertain whether breastfeeding, and specifically, the administration of colostrum or an adequate substitute can play a preventative role by supplying the neonate with essential fatty acids (EFAs) at a critical juncture in their development. Regarding treatment, further clinical trials of EFA supplementation are essential to determine the efficacy of EFAs in reducing AD symptomatology and whether supplementation can serve as a cost-effective and readily available intervention. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Christine M.; Austin, David W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life & Social Sci, Swinburne Autism Biores Initiat, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Austin, DW (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Life & Social Sci, Swinburne Autism Biores Initiat, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. 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Fatty Acids PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.09.007 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 718ZS UT WOS:000287166300004 PM 20970971 ER PT J AU Ben-Abdallah, M Bondet, V Fauchereau, F Beguin, P Goubran-Botros, H Pagan, C Bourgeron, T Bellalou, J AF Ben-Abdallah, Mariem Bondet, Vincent Fauchereau, Fabien Beguin, Pierre Goubran-Botros, Hany Pagan, Cecile Bourgeron, Thomas Bellalou, Jacques TI Production of soluble, active acetyl serotonin methyl transferase in Leishmania tarentolae SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE Acetyl serotonin methyl transferase; Melatonin; Leishmania tarentolae ID HYDROXYINDOLE-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; MELATONIN SYNTHESIS; CHILDREN; CDNA AB N-acetyl serotonin methyl transferase (ASMT) is the last enzyme in the melatonin synthesis pathway Evidence linking autism-related disorders with disorders of melatonin metabolism and more specifically with mutations of the gene encoding ASMT prompted us to investigate the properties and localization of this enzyme As a first step we undertook to overproduce the protein in a recombinant host Early attempts to produce ASMT in recombinant Escherichia con yielded only insoluble and heavily degraded material However recombinant ASMT (rASMT) could be produced in soluble active form and purified in milligram amounts when the gene was cloned and expressed in Leishmania tarentolae (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Ben-Abdallah, Mariem; Fauchereau, Fabien; Goubran-Botros, Hany; Pagan, Cecile; Bourgeron, Thomas] Inst Pasteur, Unit Human Genet & Cognit Funct, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Fauchereau, Fabien; Goubran-Botros, Hany; Pagan, Cecile; Bourgeron, Thomas] CNRS, URA 2182, F-75700 Paris, France. RP Beguin, P (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unit Human Genet & Cognit Funct, 25 28 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. FU Institut Pasteur University Denis Diderot Paris 7; CNRS; Fondation Orange; ANR Fondation; FondaMentale; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale FX We thank Sophie Goyard for helpful advice concerning the cultivation of Leishmania This work was supported by Institut Pasteur University Denis Diderot Paris 7 CNRS Fondation Orange ANR Fondation FondaMentale and Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale None of these institutions had any involvement in the design data collection writing or decision to submit the present study for publication CR AXELROD J, 1961, J BIOL CHEM, V236, P211 BRADFORD MM, 1976, ANAL BIOCHEM, V72, P248, DOI 10.1006/abio.1976.9999 Breitling R, 2002, PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF, V25, P209, DOI 10.1016/S1046-5928(02)00001-3 ISHIDA I, 1987, MOL BRAIN RES, V2, P185, DOI 10.1016/0169-328X(87)90025-8 ISHIDA I, 1987, J BIOL CHEM, V262, P2895 Kulman G, 2000, NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT, V21, P31 Melke J, 2008, MOL PSYCHIATR, V13, P90, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4002016 NAKANE M, 1983, J NEUROCHEM, V40, P790, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08048.x RODRIGUEZ IR, 1994, J BIOL CHEM, V269, P31969 Simonneaux V, 2003, PHARMACOL REV, V55, P325, DOI 10.1124/pr.55.2.2 SUGDEN D, 1987, J BIOL CHEM, V262, P6489 Tordjman S, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P134, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.003 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2010.07.011 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 683DT UT WOS:000284452600015 PM 20688166 ER PT J AU Castro, GS Panhoca, I Zanolli, MD AF Castro, Glenda Saccomano Panhoca, Ivone Zanolli, Maria de Lurdes TI Communicative Interaction in a Playful Context of Two Children with Down Syndrome, Autistic Behavior and Deprivation of Stimuli SO PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Cognitive Development; Down Syndrome; Communicative Interaction; Autism; Make-Believe Activities AB The objective of this qualitative research was to analyze the communicative interaction process between two children who show autistic behavior associated with Down syndrome, as well as the process between them and their therapist. Different modalities of verbal and non-verbal communication demonstrated during make-believe activities were also observed. Both children have life history of deprivation of stimuli. Data were collected during weekly sessions with a speech therapist over 6 months. The sessions were video-taped and then the episodes were transcribed. The analyses displayed a qualitative development in the communicative interaction between the children and the therapist which favored the subjects to share meanings and insert themselves in the social situations presented. C1 [Castro, Glenda Saccomano] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Pediat, BR-13083887 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Panhoca, Ivone] Univ Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Das Cruzes, Brazil. RP Castro, GS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Pediat, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo 126, BR-13083887 Campinas, SP, Brazil. 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PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 730 EP 738 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 880FH UT WOS:000299389800013 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, A Hanak, N Milojevic, S AF Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar Hanak, Natasa Milojevic, Sonja TI Psychological Characteristics of Future Helping Professionals: Empathy and Attachment of Psychology Students SO PSIHOLOGIJA LA Serbian DT Article DE psychology students; helping professions; empathy; attachment; mentalizing ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ADULT ATTACHMENT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; QUOTIENT; VERSION; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; GENDER AB In this study we investigated whether psychology students differ than students who have chosen non-helping professions in psychological features important for helping activities: attachment and empathy. The sample consisted of psychology students from Belgrade and Novi Sad (N=452) and students from several Belgrade University faculties for non-helping professions. The revised version of Attachment Questionnaire was used for assessment of attachment, while empathy was assessed by Empathy Quotient. The results confirmed hypotheses about the greater prevalence of secure attachment pattern, higher empathic capacity, better mentalizing, and more positive model of the other among the future helpers. These differences between student groups are present at the enrolment, with gender controlled. Finally, the prevalence of the secure attachment pattern and high empathy scores rises with the years spent at studying psychology. We concluded that psychology studies are chosen by persons with higher motivation and capacities for helping professions. Although women outnumber men, differences between the future helping professionals and others cannot be explained by the gender structure of the sample, since men in the helping professions have better results than women in the non-helping ones. 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These approaches were generalised by the "sector" politics and part time institutions were privileged. Though disparities still persist, technics and settings are numerous and diversified and the educative point of view has become more important with more interest for more formal programs like TEACCH and ABA without forsaking the global approach. Since the 2005 law, mainstream school inclusion of PDD chidren has grown up in cooperation with the National Education Ministry. The partnership with families has been hindered in the past by numerous misunderstandings but is now improved. The French studies are more turned towards psychopathological understanding of the child disorders and towards the report of therapeutic undertakings than towards objective evaluation of specific programs. Long term evolution and follow up of single cases or small groups are analyzed with simple clinical criteria. C1 [Hochmann, Jacques] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. 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Enfant PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 525 EP 574 PG 50 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 865LH UT WOS:000298311900007 ER PT J AU Maurer, M Delfour, F Trudel, M Adrien, JL AF Maurer, Marie Delfour, Fabienne Trudel, Marcel Adrien, Jean-Louis TI CHILD WITH AUTISM AND ANIMAL IN A SIGNIFICANT BOND: POSSIBILITIES OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE Animal; Child development; Autism ID DOLPHIN-ASSISTED THERAPY; DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; PET-FACILITATED THERAPY; COMPANION ANIMALS; ATTENTION SHIFTS; SERVICE DOGS; FLAWED CONCLUSIONS; JOINT ATTENTION; OBJECTS; PEOPLE AB Bonds with animal are constructed early on in the course of a child's development. They present certain characteristics which differentiate them from relations with another human being. Thus, although the animal also shows himself to be contingent, his behavior is more predictable and less complex than that of a human. The child gives the animal significance, gives him meaning. Moreover, communication with the animal most commonly takes place on a non-verbal level and often involves tactile exchanges. These specificities make him a more accessible partner for the child without developmental problems and constitute some real assets in therapeutic work with children suffering from autism. Indeed, autism is characterized by interactional and communicative difficulties which can be improved following structured contact with animal. The aim of this article is thus to recapitulate the principal theoretical arguments which show the animal to be a singular partner for children in general and for autistic children in particular. C1 [Maurer, Marie; Trudel, Marcel] Univ Sherbrooke, Fac Educ, Dept Psychoeduc, Longueuil, PQ J4K 0A8, Canada. [Adrien, Jean-Louis] Univ Paris 05, Inst Psychol, Lab Psychopathol & Proc Sante, Sorbonne Paris Cite, France. 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Enfant PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 575 EP 609 PG 35 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 865LH UT WOS:000298311900008 ER PT J AU Jou, RJ Mateljevic, N Minshew, NJ Keshavan, MS Hardan, AY AF Jou, Roger J. Mateljevic, Natasa Minshew, Nancy J. Keshavan, Matcheri S. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Reduced central white matter volume in autism: Implications for long-range connectivity SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE autism; brain; child and adolescent psychiatry; magnetic resonance imaging ID MRI; DISORDER; CORTEX AB Cortical and central white matter (WM) volumes were measured to assess short- and long-range connectivity in autism, respectively. Subjects included 23 boys with autism and 23 matched controls, all without intellectual disability. Magnetic resonance imaging data obtained at 1.5 T were analyzed using BRAINS2 software (University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA). Central WM volume was quantified by subtracting cortical from supratentorial WM volumes. Reduced central WM volume was observed in the autism group. IQ was higher in controls with no observed correlations between WM volumes and IQ. This preliminary evidence of reduced central WM volume in autism suggests abnormal long-range connectivity. C1 [Jou, Roger J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Mateljevic, Natasa] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Diagnost Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jou, RJ (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. EM roger.jou@yale.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [MH 64027]; American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry; Lilly USA, LLC; Pfizer FX This work was supported by a National Institute of Mental Health grant MH 64027 (Dr Hardan); American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Pilot Research Award for Child Psychiatry Fellows supported by Lilly USA, LLC (Dr Jou); and ANA/Pfizer Fellowships in Clinical Practice from Pfizer's Medical and Academic Partnership program (Dr Jou). 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PY 2011 VL 65 IS 4 BP 395 EP 395 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02210.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 791WO UT WOS:000292699300016 PM 21682815 ER PT J AU Zaki, J Ochsner, K AF Zaki, Jamil Ochsner, Kevin TI Reintegrating the Study of Accuracy Into Social Cognition Research SO PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; THEORY-OF-MIND; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS; MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; EMPATHIC ACCURACY; INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING AB Understanding the contents of other minds is a vital and ubiquitous task that humans perform with impressive skill. As such, it is surprising that the majority of social cognition research-whether behavioral or neuroscientific-focuses on the processes people use when attempting to understand each other while ignoring how well those attempts fare. 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Inq. PY 2011 VL 22 IS 3 BP 159 EP 182 DI 10.1080/1047840X.2011.551743 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 882ON UT WOS:000299573400001 ER PT J AU Oldershaw, A Hambrook, D Rimes, KA Tchanturia, K Treasure, J Richards, S Schmidt, U Chalder, T AF Oldershaw, A. Hambrook, D. Rimes, K. A. Tchanturia, K. Treasure, J. Richards, S. Schmidt, U. Chalder, T. TI Emotion recognition and emotional theory of mind in chronic fatigue syndrome SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; fatigue social cognition; theory of mind; empathy; emotion; mentalisation; social function ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY; AUTISM SPECTRUM CONDITIONS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; SOCIAL COGNITION; DEPRESSION SCALE; HOSPITAL ANXIETY; PERSONALITY; AWARENESS; SYMPTOMS; ADULTS AB Background: Difficulties with social function have been reported in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), but underpinning factors are unknown. Emotion recognition, theory of mind (inference of another's mental state) and 'emotional' theory of mind (eToM) (inference of another's emotional state) are important social abilities, facilitating understanding of others. This study examined emotion recognition and eToM in CFS patients and their relationship to self-reported social function. Methods: CFS patients (n = 45) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 50) completed tasks assessing emotion recognition, basic or advanced eToM (for self and other) and a self-report measure of social function. Results: CFS participants were poorer than HCs at recognising emotion states in the faces of others and at inferring their own emotions. Lower scores on these tasks were associated with poorer self-reported daily and social function. CFS patients demonstrated good eToM and performance on these tasks did not relate to the level of social function. Conclusions: CFS patients do not have poor eToM, nor does eToM appear to be associated with social functioning in CFS. However, this group of patients experience difficulties in emotion recognition and inferring emotions in themselves and this may impact upon social function. C1 [Oldershaw, A.; Hambrook, D.; Tchanturia, K.; Schmidt, U.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, Sect Eating Disorders, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Rimes, K. A.; Chalder, T.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, Sect Gen Hosp Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Treasure, J.] Guys Kings & St Thomas Med Sch, Dept Acad Psychiat, London, England. [Richards, S.] Wareham Hosp, Dorset Chron Fatigue Syndrome Serv, Wareham, Dorset, England. RP Oldershaw, A (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med & Psychiat, Sect Eating Disorders, London WC2R 2LS, England. 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Health PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 989 EP 1005 DI 10.1080/08870446.2010.519769 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA 882IF UT WOS:000299556400003 PM 21598185 ER PT J AU Varga, S AF Varga, Somogy TI Pretence, Social Cognition and Self-Knowledge in Autism SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Pretence; Social cognition; Meta-representation; Theory of mind; Shared intentionality ID TOY-PLAY-BEHAVIOR; SYMBOLIC PLAY; NORMAL-CHILDREN; COLLECTIVE INTENTIONALITY; SPECTRUM DISORDER; MIND; LANGUAGE; COMPREHENSION; DEFICITS AB This article suggests that an account of pretence based on the idea of shared intentionality can be of help in understanding autism. In autism, there seems to be a strong link between being able to engage in pretend play, understanding the minds of others and having adequate access to own mental states. Since one of the first behavioral manifestations of autism is the lack of pretend play, it therefore seems natural to investigate pretence in order to identify the nature of the central impairment in question. In mainstream theories, this has been identified as an impaired 'theory of mind module' or 'mentalizing' capacities. This paper points to some difficulties encountered by such accounts and - by drawing on research by Tomasello and Rakoczy - seeks to develop an alternative account of pretence and social cognition. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Varga, Somogy] Univ Osnabruck, Inst Cognit Sci, DE-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Varga, Somogy] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Subject Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Varga, S (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Inst Cognit Sci, Albrechtstr 28, DE-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. 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A First-Person Perspective Study on Schizophrenic Dissociality - Part 1: State of the Art SO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cognitivism; Phenomenology; Schizophrenic autism; Social dysfunction; Subjective experience; Theory of Mind ID FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITION; ULTRA-HIGH-RISK; NEUROCOGNITIVE DEFICITS; FUNCTIONAL-CAPACITY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; EMOTION RECOGNITION; EMPATHIC ABILITIES; PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS AB This is a critical review of research on the subjective experience of social dysfunction in persons with schizophrenia. Studies from the phenomenological and cognitive paradigms are examined, and significant outcomes and shortcomings are pointed out. Clinical phenomenologists have mainly interpreted schizophrenic dissociality as an anomaly of prereflexive attunement. The main shortcoming of phenomenological research is that it lacks adequate methodology to collect reliable data since most studies are based on the analysis of a few typical cases. Cognitivism has reliably documented disorders of social functioning in large-scale experimental studies. The main shortcoming of most cognitive paradigms is that they do not properly investigate the personal level of experience in real-world functioning. We conclude that there is a need to reliably collect data through quantitative as well as qualitative methodology as established and accepted by the scientific community in the area of schizophrenic dissociality, reflecting the subjective experiences of people with schizophrenia in the real world. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Stanghellini, Giovanni] Univ G DAnnunzio, Dept Biomed Sci, Chieti, Italy. [Ballerini, Massimo] Univ Florence, Div Mental Hlth, Florence, Italy. 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Category learning was investigated in 16 high-functioning autistic and 16 IQ-matched nonautistic participants, using a category structure that could generate a conflict between the application of a rule and exemplar memory. Same-different and matching-to-sample tasks allowed us to verify discrimination abilities for the stimuli to be used in category learning. Participants were then trained to distinguish between two categories of imaginary animals, using categorization tests early in the training and at the end (160 trials). A recognition test followed, in order to evaluate explicit exemplar memory. Similar discrimination performance was found in control tasks for both groups. For the categorization task, autistic participants did not use any identifiable strategy early in the training, but used strategies similar to those of the nonautistic participants by the end, with the same level of accuracy. Memory for the exemplars was poor in both groups. Our findings confirm that categorization may be successfully performed by autistics, but may necessitate longer exposure to material, as the top-down use of rules may be only secondary to a guessing strategy in autistics. C1 [Soulieres, Isabelle; Mottron, Laurent] CETEDUM, Hop Riviere Prairies, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. [Soulieres, Isabelle] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Mottron, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Giguere, Gyslain] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Larochelle, Serge] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Soulieres, I (reprint author), CETEDUM, Hop Riviere Prairies, 7070 Boul Perras, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. EM isabelle@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Fonds pour la Formation de Chercheurs et L'Aide a la Recherche (FCAR); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) FX This project was funded by a scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Fonds pour la Formation de Chercheurs et L'Aide a la Recherche (FCAR; I. S.) and a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; L. M.). We thank Guy Lacroix for providing the stimuli, Lisa-Marie Sauve and Genevieve Martel for assistance, Jean-Philippe Lafrance for help with statistical analyses, and Michelle Dawson for helpful comments. We also thank the participants and their families. 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J. Exp. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 64 IS 2 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1080/17470218.2010.492994 PG 17 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 714PT UT WOS:000286822200007 PM 20623440 ER PT J AU Johnson, MH AF Johnson, Mark H. TI Face processing as a brain adaptation at multiple timescales SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Face perception; Brain development ID EXTRASTRIATE VISUAL-CORTEX; AUTISM SPECTRUM; DEVELOPMENTAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; INTERACTIVE SPECIALIZATION; CONGENITAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; OBJECT RECOGNITION; CORTICAL NETWORK; NEWBORN-INFANTS; PERCEPTION; STIMULI AB I consider face processing as the brain's adaptive response to phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and task-specific factors. Focusing on wide-ranging evidence from both my own laboratory and others, evidence for a primitive "quick and dirty" route for face processing that exists prior to postnatal experience is reviewed. Next, I trace the emergence of cortical specialization for face processing influenced by individual developmental experience (ontogenetic adaptation) and suggest that this ontogenetic adaptation is also heavily constrained by the phylogenetic system. Finally, I turn to recent evidence on task-specific modulation of activity in the core face network that illustrates brain adaptation at a finer timescale than that for the other systems. Current evidence indicates that task-specific modulation of the cortical face network does not emerge until the teenage years. As previously proposed for other components of cognition, I propose that these systems are complementary to each other, each compensating for the others' weaknesses. Different face-related systems are adapted to respond to survival pressures at different timescales, from millennia, to months, to microseconds. C1 Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Johnson, MH (reprint author), Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM Mark.Johnson@bbk.ac.uk FU UK Medical Research Council [G0701484] FX I wish to thank my many colleagues and collaborators who have contributed to my thinking and research on face processing over the past decades. I am also grateful to the UK Medical Research Council for long-term funding, currently G0701484. 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J. Exp. Psychol. PY 2011 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1873 EP 1888 DI 10.1080/17470218.2011.590596 PG 16 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 878TY UT WOS:000299281000001 PM 21812710 ER PT J AU Wilson, CE Palermo, R Burton, AM Brock, J AF Wilson, C. Ellie Palermo, Romina Burton, A. Mike Brock, Jon TI Recognition of own- and other-race faces in autism spectrum disorders SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Face recognition; Other-race effect; Individual differences ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; LANGUAGE; INFANCY; INDIVIDUALS; EXPERIENCE; CHILDHOOD; ATTENTION AB Empirical data regarding the extent of face recognition abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is inconsistent. Here, 27 ASD and 47 typically developing (TD) children completed an immediate two-alternative forced-choice identity matching task. We contrasted recognition of own-and other-race faces, and, counter to prediction, we found a typical advantage for recognizing own-over other-race faces in both the ASD and TD groups. In addition, ASD and TD groups responded similarly to stimulus manipulations (use of identical or different photographs for identity matching and cropping stimuli to remove hair information). However, age-standardized scores varied widely within the ASD sample, and a subgroup of ASD participants with impaired face recognition did not exhibit a significant own-race recognition advantage. An explanation regarding early experience with faces is considered, and implications for research of individual variation within ASD are discussed. C1 [Wilson, C. Ellie] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. [Wilson, C. Ellie; Brock, Jon] Macquarie Univ, Macquarie Ctr Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Palermo, Romina; Brock, Jon] Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Cognit & Disorders, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Palermo, Romina] Australian Natl Univ Canberra, Dept Psychol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Burton, A. Mike] Univ Glasgow, Dept Psychol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Wilson, CE (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. EM ellie.wilson@kcl.ac.uk RI Burton, A. Mike/A-9491-2008 OI Burton, A. Mike/0000-0002-2035-2084 FU Macquarie University; ARC [DP098466] FX The authors are grateful to all the participants and staff from Southside Montessori School, Macquarie University Special Education Centre (MUSEC), and the satellite classes of Western Sydney Autism Spectrum Australia (ASPECT). We also thank David White for his assistance with the experiment stimuli. Ellie Wilson was supported by a Macquarie University Research Excellence Scholarship. Jon Brock was supported by an ARC Australian Research Fellowship (DP098466). A. M. B. is now at the University of Aberdeen. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.003 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800001 ER PT J AU Prandota, J AF Prandota, Joseph TI Metabolic, immune, epigenetic, endocrine and phenotypic abnormalities found in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease may be caused by congenital and/or acquired chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Alzheimer disease; Down syndrome; Metabolism disturbances; Immune changes; Epigenetic irregularities; Carbohydrate metabolism; Phenotypic abnormalities; Testosterone levels; Amyloid-beta plaques ID NF-KAPPA-B; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HOST-CELL CYCLE; 4TH DIGIT RATIO; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE LEVELS; MEDIATED PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION AB Toxoplasina gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects about a third of human population. It is generally believed that in immunocompetent hosts, the parasite infection takes usually asymptomatic course and induces self-limiting disease, but in immunocompromised individuals may cause significant morbidity and mortality. T. gondii uses sulfated proteoglycans for host cell invasion and sulfated sugars on the surface of host cells may functions as key parasite receptors. Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have many inborn or acquired abnormalities of metabolism, including impaired sulfation and sulfoxidation. The impaired sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to DHEA-S affected normal development of various brain functions because DHEA-S inhibited vascular neuroinflammation in ASD individuals probably caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). Treatment of endothelial cells with DHEA-S dramatically inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B, an inflammatory transcription factor, and increased protein levels of the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B-alpha. A significant decrease in sulfation capacity found during pregnancy compared with post partum probably reflect a defense reaction of the host due to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with frequent and widespread infection with this parasite. This suggestion may be supported by the finding that TNF and IL-1 mediated inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide on DHEA sulfotransferase mRNA level in Hep3B human hepatoma cells. It seems however that the impaired sulfation and sulfonation may be also beneficial for the host because lack or a markedly diminished anionic charge of the host cells associated with this event did not promote binding to the negatively charged outer leaflet of T. gondii plasma membranes. Phosphorylation of the parasite and/or host proteins is also of great importance in the process of T. gondii-host cell interaction. Furthermore, the increased male to female ratio characteristic for autistic participants most likely resulted from significantly increased testosterone levels associated with congenital T. gondii infection. It was demonstrated that the parasite, aging and dietary restriction have been able to induce DNA breakage, therefore one may suggest that such an epigenetic mechanism play an important role in development of Down syndrome (DS). Several data may support this notion: (a) autism occurs 10 times more often in children with trisomy 21 than in the general population, (b) the parasite can be transmitted by semen and ovum, (c) autistic children exhibit impaired DNA methylation capacity, and (d) T. gondii affect chromatin structure and may cause dysregulation of the host cell cycle. Alzheimer disease (AD) also may be caused by CT because this abnormality is more prevalent in women, characterizes with a skewed capacity for xenobiotic metabolism especially of compounds containing sulfur that manifest as a decreased plasma levels of DHEA-S, and has marked immune irregularies in part due to aging. Moreover, chronic neuroinflammation characteristic for AD and DS individuals is associated with vascular lesions, patients with AD have increased levels of DNA breaks in the cerebral cortex, markedly enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation, disturbances in glucose metabolism, and irregularities in hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It must be noted that similar metabolic and endocrine disturbances have been reported also in humans and mice with chronic toxoplasmosis Overproduction of IFN-gamma and other proinflammatory cytokines associated with persistent neuroinflammation resulted in neurodegeneration and induced amyloid-beta production also in DS, as well as accounted for cognitive impairment. Because bradyzoites and sporozoites throughout their life cycle accumulate large amounts of crystalline storage polysaccharide granules analogous to amylopectin within the cytoplasm and are able to build more complex macromolecules, they may be at least in part responsible for the production of amyloid-beta senile plaques. Moreover, it seems that the accumulation of iron in senile plaques reflect a defense of the host against T. gondii because this transition metallic ion is necessary for proliferation of tachyzoites. Finally, the beneficial effects of ibuprofen in the patients with AD that restored cellular immunity, decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, NO, amyloid-beta, reduced lipid peroxidation and free radical generation, were consistent with the suggestion that congenital and/or acquired chronic latent cr play an important role in development of these types of neurodegeneration. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Med Sch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Social Pediat, PL-51618 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Prandota, J (reprint author), Univ Med Sch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Social Pediat, 5 Bartla St, PL-51618 Wroclaw, Poland. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 14 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.009 PG 46 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800002 ER PT J AU Peters-Scheffer, N Didden, R Korzilius, H Sturmey, P AF Peters-Scheffer, Nienke Didden, Robert Korzilius, Hubert Sturmey, Peter TI A meta-analytic study on the effectiveness of comprehensive ABA-based early intervention programs for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Applied behavior analysis; Early Intervention; Effectiveness; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Young children; Meta-analysis ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PREDICTORS; PARENTS; PEOPLE; LOVAAS AB Excitement and controversy have surrounded the effectiveness of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of EIBI based on applied behavior analysis in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). There were 11 studies with 344 children with ASD. Quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Experimental groups who received EIBI outperformed the control groups on IQ non-verbal IQ expressive and receptive language and adaptive behavior. Differences between the experimental and control groups were 4.96-15.21 points on standardized tests. These results strongly support the effectiveness of EIBI. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peters-Scheffer, Nienke; Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Peters-Scheffer, Nienke] De Driestroom, NL-6660 AC Elst, Netherlands. [Didden, Robert] Trajectum, NL-8004 DA Zwolle, Netherlands. [Korzilius, Hubert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Management Res, NL-6500 HK Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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TI Review of social skills training groups for youth with Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism Spectrum Disorder; Asperger Syndrome; Autism; Social skills; Intervention ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; BOYS; METAANALYSIS; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM AB Although social skills deficits represent core symptoms of Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism, there is limited research investigating the empirical validity of social skills interventions currently being used with these populations. This literature review compares three types of social skills training groups: traditional, cognitive behavioral, and parent inclusive. The studies included in this review provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of group-based social skills interventions among children and youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders, although few used comparison group or randomized control trial designs. 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TI An evaluation of Miranda rights and interrogation in autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Miranda rights; Competency; Interrogation ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; COMPREHENSION; COMPETENCE; DEFENDANTS; OFFENDERS; ADULTS; MIND AB The primary deficits present in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may lead to increased susceptibility to involvement in the criminal justice system. The same deficits may also cause individuals with ASD to be more vulnerable to interrogation techniques and other aspects of the legal system. Due to the increased level of vulnerability as well as impairments in social cognition, individuals with ASD may have difficulty understanding their legal rights, more specifically their Miranda rights. This review explores Miranda comprehension in general and how the specific deficits found in ASD may impact Miranda comprehension. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.014 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800005 ER PT J AU Mulloy, A Lang, R O'Reilly, M Sigafoos, J Lancioni, G Rispoli, M AF Mulloy, Austin Lang, Russell O'Reilly, Mark Sigafoos, Jeff Lancioni, Giulio Rispoli, Mandy TI Addendum to "gluten-free and casein-free diets in treatment of autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review" SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Gluten; Casein; Diet; Autism; Asperger; Review ID BLIND AB Shortly after the publication of our literature review on gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diets in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD; Mulloy et al., 2010), Whiteley et al. (2010) published the results of experimental evaluation of a GFCF diet. To update our previous literature review, we herein provide an analysis of the Whiteley et al 's study. The study was well designed, but also contains substantial weaknesses that suggest the need for caution in interpreting the findings reported by Whiteley and colleagues. In conclusion, we maintain our previous position that GFCF diets are not effective in treatment of core symptoms of ASD and should only be implemented in the event a child with ASD experiences acute behavioral changes, seemingly associated with changes in diet, and/or medical professionals confirm through testing the child has allergies or food intolerances to gluten and/or casein. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mulloy, Austin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Meadows Ctr Preventing Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lang, Russell] Texas State Univ San Marcos, San Marcos, TX USA. [Lancioni, Giulio] Univ Bari, Dept Psychol, I-70121 Bari, Italy. 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E., 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN Hyman S, 2010, INT M AUT RES PHIL P Khattree R., 1999, APPL MULTIVARIATE ST Lord C, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P205, DOI 10.1023/A:1005592401947 Mulloy A, 2010, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V4, P328, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.008 SCHLOSSER R, 2009, RECENT DEV EVIDENCE Simeonsson RJ, 1991, EARLY INTERVENTION S, P280 Smith N L, 1981, Eval Program Plann, V4, P273, DOI 10.1016/0149-7189(81)90028-8 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Whiteley P, 2010, NUTR NEUROSCI, V13, P87, DOI 10.1179/147683010X12611460763922 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.004 PG 3 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800006 ER PT J AU Vanvuchelen, M Roeyers, H De Weerdt, W AF Vanvuchelen, Marleen Roeyers, Herbert De Weerdt, Willy TI Do imitation problems reflect a core characteristic in autism? Evidence from a literature review SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Imitation; Autism; Core deficit; Review ID FAMILY HOME MOVIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MOTOR IMITATION; JOINT ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; IMMEDIATE IMITATION; GESTURE IMITATION; EARLY RECOGNITION AB Although imitation problems have been associated with autism for many years, the issue if these problems are a core deficit in autism remains subject of debate. In this review article, the question if autism imitation problems fulfil the criteria of uniqueness, specificity, universality, persistency, precedence and broadness is explored and discussed. Findings of this review suggest that there is only partial evidence for the idea that imitation problems are unique, specific and broad to autism, and that these problems are long-lasting and persistent. In addition, imitation problems seem not to be universal in autism at an early age. Mental and motor impairment may affect imitation performance but they do not seem to explain imitation problems in a sufficient way. Recommendations for clinical practice are formulated. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanvuchelen, Marleen] PHL Univ Coll, Dept Hlth Care, Hasselt, Belgium. [Vanvuchelen, Marleen; De Weerdt, Willy] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Rehabil Sci, Louvain, Belgium. [Vanvuchelen, Marleen] VUB, Dept Rehabil Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Roeyers, Herbert] Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, Ghent, Belgium. RP Vanvuchelen, M (reprint author), Sterrebos 111, B-3512 Stevoort, Belgium. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.010 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800007 ER PT J AU Wainer, AL Ingersoll, BR AF Wainer, Allison L. Ingersoll, Brooke R. TI The use of innovative computer technology for teaching social communication to individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Computer technology; Multimedia; Social-communication ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; PROGRAM; ADOLESCENTS; VOCABULARY; RECOGNIZE AB For individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the use of technology to provide intervention, particularly targeting the core social-communication deficits of the disorder, is promising. This literature review will examine studies that have used innovative technology, such as interactive computer programs and virtual reality, to deliver direct intervention focused on the development of social and communication skills to individuals with an ASD. Given that the study and use of such programs is still relatively new, the majority of the published literature is descriptive or exploratory in nature. As such, this review will provide a summary of these initial studies and preliminary findings, and provide suggestions for the future development and evaluation of similar programs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wainer, Allison L.; Ingersoll, Brooke R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ingersoll, BR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.08.002 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800008 ER PT J AU Weeden, M Porter, LK Durgin, A Redner, RN Kestner, KM Costello, M Cleary, K Edwards, TL Hayes, SM Poling, A AF Weeden, Marc Porter, Lindsay K. Durgin, Amy Redner, Ryan N. Kestner, Kathryn M. Costello, Mack Cleary, Kathleen Edwards, Timothy L. Hayes, Sarah M. Poling, Alan TI Reporting of medication information in applied studies of people with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Medication; Psychotropic medication; Behavior-change interventions; Participant characteristics; Research methods ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; BEHAVIOR; METHYLPHENIDATE; THERAPIES; PATTERNS AB The present research determined if articles describing attempts to improve the behavior of people with autism reported whether or not participants were receiving medication and, if so, whether an interaction between the intervention and the medication was mentioned. Fifty-one articles published from 2004 through 2008 were examined. Information regarding medication was provided in 18% of these articles, none of which mentioned an interaction. Very little is known regarding interactions between nonpharmacological interventions and psychotropic (or other) medications, but some studies demonstrate that interactions can occur. Given this possibility, and the fact that information regarding medications received by participants is easy to obtain and report, it appears worthwhile to include this information in published articles. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weeden, Marc; Porter, Lindsay K.; Durgin, Amy; Redner, Ryan N.; Kestner, Kathryn M.; Costello, Mack; Cleary, Kathleen; Edwards, Timothy L.; Hayes, Sarah M.; Poling, Alan] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Poling, A (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Wood Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. 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R., 1983, ADV LEARNING BEHAV D, V2, P179 Steingard Ronald J., 2005, NEUROBIOLOGY AUTISM, P79 THOMPSON T, 2007, HDB DEV DISABILITIES, P501 TOWBIN RE, 2003, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V12, P23 Tsai L., 2001, TAKING MYSTERY OUT M WEEDEN M, 2009, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO, V3, P905 Witwer A, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P671, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.671 Zarcone JR, 2004, AM J MENT RETARD, V109, P310, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<310:EORODB>2.0.CO;2 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.005 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800009 ER PT J AU Davis, TE Hess, JA Moree, BN Fodstad, JC Dempsey, T Jenkins, WS Matson, JL AF Davis, Thompson E., III Hess, Julie A. Moree, Brittany N. Fodstad, Jill C. Dempsey, Tim Jenkins, Whitney S. Matson, Johnny L. TI Anxiety symptoms across the lifespan in people diagnosed with Autistic Disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Anxiety; Lifespan; BISCUIT-Part2; ASD-CC; ASD-CA ID COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; DSM-IV DISORDERS; CHILDREN ASD-CC; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; TODDLERS AB Symptoms of psychiatric disorders have been found to co-occur at high rates in those diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD). However, to date, no study has yet examined the developmental trajectory of comorbid psychiatric symptoms across the lifespan within the AD population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional investigation of symptoms of anxiety across the lifespan, using a sample of individuals diagnosed with AD. This study utilizes a sample with an age range from infancy to adulthood. Endorsement rates of overlapping anxiety symptoms from measures that have been found reliable and valid for the specific purpose of examining psychiatric symptoms within the AD population are utilized for this study. Results indicate that there is a significant difference between different age cohorts on symptom endorsements of anxiety. Additionally, a cubic trend was found when examining the pattern of anxiety symptoms across the lifespan in those diagnosed with AD. That is, anxiety rises from toddlerhood to childhood, decreases from childhood to young adulthood, but again increases from young adulthood into older adulthood. Implications of these findings, limitations of this study, and future directions for research are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, Thompson E., III] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Davis, TE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ted@lsu.edu CR Albano A.M., 2003, CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOG, P279 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bellini S., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P78, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190020201 Bryson S. E., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P117, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004002002 Charman T, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P145, DOI 10.1023/A:1010790813639 Davis III T. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.006 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800010 ER PT J AU Mahan, S Matson, JL AF Mahan, Sara Matson, Johnny L. TI Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders compared to typically developing controls on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD; Autism; Children; Adolescents; BASC-2 ID CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS AB As the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) is often used to aid in diagnosis it is important to discern how children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) score on the BASC-2 compared to typically developing controls. This study compared scores of typically developing children and adolescents to those diagnosed with ASD on all subscales and composites of the BASC-2. Except for the aggression subscale, anxiety subscale, and the internalizing composite, the ASD group scored significantly higher on all clinical subscales and composites (i.e., hyperactivity, conduct problems, externalizing composite, depression, atypicality, withdrawal, attention problems, and the Behavioral Symptoms Index). However, the ASD group scored significantly lower on the adaptability composite and all subscales comprising this composite. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM johnmatson@aol.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bryson S. 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L., 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1288 Matson JL, 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1221, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.04.004 Matson JL, 2008, RES DEV DISABIL, V29, P341, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2007.06.006 Matson JL, 2008, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V2, P237, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2007.06.003 Matson JL, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P28, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.07.003 Matson JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P567, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.08.001 MATSON JL, RES AUTISM IN PRESS Matson JL, 2009, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V21, P195, DOI 10.1007/s10882-009-9135-y Matson JL, 2009, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V3, P336, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.08.001 Matson JL, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P75, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.09.001 Matson JL, 2008, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V2, P696, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.02.003 Matson JL, 2008, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V20, P41, DOI 10.1007/s10882-007-9078-0 Morgan C. N., 2003, PSYCHIAT B, V27, P378, DOI 10.1192/pb.27.10.378 Nicholas JS, 2008, ANN EPIDEMIOL, V18, P130, DOI 10.1016/i.annepidem.2007.10.013 Perry A, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1066, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0704-9 Richdale AL, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P60, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299000122 Schreibman L., 2005, SCI FICTION AUTISM VALENCIA MM, 2006, THESIS TEXAS WOMENS White SW, 2009, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V29, P216, DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 Wiznitzer M, 2004, J CHILD NEUROL, V19, P675 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.02.007 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800011 ER PT J AU Demurie, E De Corel, M Roeyers, H AF Demurie, Ellen De Corel, Maaike Roeyers, Herbert TI Empathic accuracy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ADHD; Empathic accuracy; Perspective taking; Social cognition ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; REVISED VERSION; NORMAL-CHILDREN; NORMAL ADULTS; MIND; ADHD; INDIVIDUALS; DEFICITS AB In research on theory of mind (TOM) in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly static mind-reading tasks were used. In this study both a static (Eyes Test) and a more naturalistic (empathic accuracy task) ToM measure were used to investigate the perspective taking abilities of adolescents with ASD (n = 13), adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 13) and typically developing adolescents (n = 18). An innovative aspect concerns the standard stimulus tapes of the empathic accuracy task, which showed interactions between dyads of one adolescent with ADHD and one adolescent without ADHD. In this way, we were able to compare the 'readability' of the thoughts and feelings of adolescents with and without ADHD. The results clearly demonstrate the impairment in perspective taking abilities of adolescents with ASD, both on the static and naturalistic mind-reading task. Moreover, the empathic accuracy task seems to be a useful and promising method to assess ToM abilities in adolescents, with or without clinical problems. Finally, thoughts and feelings of target persons with ADHD seemed to be less easy to read than the thoughts and feelings of typically developing target persons. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Demurie, Ellen; De Corel, Maaike; Roeyers, Herbert] Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Demurie, E (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Res Grp Dev Disorders, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Ellen.Demurie@UGent.be CR Barkley R. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.002 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800012 ER PT J AU Pituch, KA Green, VA Didden, R Lang, R O'Reilly, MF Lancioni, GE Sigafoos, J AF Pituch, Keenan A. Green, Vanessa A. Didden, Robert Lang, Russell O'Reilly, Mark F. Lancioni, Giulio E. Sigafoos, Jeff TI Parent reported treatment priorities for children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Treatment priorities; Adaptive behavior deficits AB We designed an Internet survey to identify the educational priorities that parents have for their children with autism spectrum disorders and to examine the relation between these priorities and the children's level of adaptive behavior functioning. The survey listed 54 skills/behaviors (e.g., toileting, expressing wants and needs, and tantrums) representing 10 adaptive behavior domains (e.g., self-care, communication, and problem behavior). Parents rated their child's current level of ability/performance with respect to each skill/behavior and indicated the extent to which training/treatment was a priority. Ninety surveys were completed during the 8-month data collection period. The top 10 treatment priorities represented skills/behaviors from six different domains. Results supported the view that parent priorities tended to be higher in areas where children have the greatest deficits or show emerging skills. The results suggest there may be value in targeting the assessment of children's deficits and emergent skills for treatment planning. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sigafoos, Jeff] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Educ Psychol & Pedag, Wellington, New Zealand. [O'Reilly, Mark F.] Univ Texas Austin, Meadows Ctr Preventing Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio E.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. [Lang, Russell] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Sigafoos, J (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Educ Psychol & Pedag, 22 Donald St,POB 17-310,Karori Campus, Wellington, New Zealand. EM jeff.sigafoos@vuw.ac.nz CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT CARR A, 2007, HDB INTELLECTUAL DIS, P3 FORD JK, 1986, PERS PSYCHOL, V39, P291, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1986.tb00583.x Goodlin-Jones BL, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P930, DOI [10.1097/CHI.ObO13e3181799f7c, 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181799f7c] GORDON J, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P207 Hewson C., 2003, INTERNET RES METHODS Lovaas O. 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R., 1997, EVOLUTION DEFICIT TH Vaughn S., 2007, TEACHING STUDENTS WH Vygotsky Lev Semyonovitch, 1978, MIND SOC DEV HIGHER Walz NC, 2002, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V14, P307, DOI 10.1023/A:1020326701399 Whitaker P., 2007, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V34, P170, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1467-8578.2007.00473.X *WHO, 2003, ICF CHECKL 2 1A CLIN NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.003 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800013 ER PT J AU Lin, LY Orsmond, GI Coster, WJ Cohn, ES AF Lin, Ling-Yi Orsmond, Gael I. Coster, Wendy J. Cohn, Ellen S. TI Families of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders in Taiwan: The role of social support and coping in family adaptation and maternal well-being SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Social support; Coping; Family adaptation; Maternal well-being ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; DOWN-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CHINESE MOTHERS; AGING MOTHERS; HONG-KONG; CHILDREN; STRATEGIES; STRESS AB In this study we examined differences in social support and coping between mothers of adolescents and adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Taiwan and the United States and to investigate the effects of social support and coping strategies on family adaptation and maternal well-being. Participants were 76 Taiwanese mothers who had at least one son or daughter with an ASD (10 years old and older), and a comparison group of 325 mothers in the United States matched on the age range of the child with an ASD. Mothers completed self-administered, written questionnaires and participated in an interview. Taiwanese mothers reported significantly greater use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies than did mothers in the United States. For Taiwanese families, greater use of problem-focused coping strategies was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety. Emotion-focused coping mediated the relationships between ethnicity/culture and several outcome measures: family adaptability, family cohesion, and maternal depressive symptoms. The higher levels of emotion-focused coping in Taiwanese mothers appeared to account for their lower levels of family adaptability and cohesion and higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms. The results from this cross-cultural study helped determine the role of social support and coping strategies in family adaptation and maternal well-being in families of individuals with an ASD in each culture. Implications for service delivery are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Ling-Yi] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Orsmond, Gael I.; Coster, Wendy J.; Cohn, Ellen S.] Boston Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Lin, LY (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.004 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800014 ER PT J AU Kishore, MT Basu, A AF Kishore, M. Thomas Basu, Anirban TI Early concerns of mothers of children later diagnosed with autism: Implications for early identification SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Early indicators; Mothers' perceptions; Identification ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 2ND YEAR; REGRESSION; INFANTS; RECOGNITION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; PARENTS; LIFE AB There is a need to identify early indicators in autism, particularly with reference to comorbid mental retardation and specific culture so that early intervention can be given. In this backdrop, this study aims to understand the early indicators of autism as perceived by the Indian mothers: the age of reporting and receiving diagnosis, and their variability due to comorbid mental retardation (MR). The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase-I, information about early concerns, age of reporting concerns, and subsequent diagnoses were elicited from 50 mothers of children later diagnosed with autism. From a wide range of concerns, only four showed significant correlation with the clinical diagnosis of autism, which were considered the early indicators. In Phase-II, information about the early indicators was collected from mothers of 10 children with autism and mental retardation and from mothers of another 10 children with mental retardation alone, matched for age gender, and severity of mental retardation. Results indicated that specific indicators could be identified from the mothers' concerns, which could be from any of three core areas of autism. Comorbid mental retardation did not have any effect on early recognition and subsequent diagnosis. Implications of early indicators are discussed from a cultural perspective. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kishore, M. Thomas; Basu, Anirban] Natl Inst Mentally Handicapped NIMH, Reg Ctr, Kolkata 700090, W Bengal, India. RP Kishore, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Mentally Handicapped NIMH, Reg Ctr, NIOH Campus,BT Rd, Kolkata 700090, W Bengal, India. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.005 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800015 ER PT J AU Mazefsky, CA Kao, J Oswald, DP AF Mazefsky, C. A. Kao, J. Oswald, D. P. TI Preliminary evidence suggesting caution in the use of psychiatric self-report measures with adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger's disorder; Self-report; Psychiatric comorbidity; Assessment; Anxiety ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN ASD-CC; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMORBID PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; RELIABILITY; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY AB This study investigated the utility of self-report measures to screen for psychiatric comorbidities in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Thirty-eight 10-17 year olds with an ASD and without mental retardation completed: the Children's Depression Inventory-Short version (CDI-S), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-report Scale-Short edition (CASS-S), and Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version (SLOI-CV). Their parents were interviewed with the Autism Comorbidity Interview-Present and Lifetime (ACI-PL) to establish psychiatric diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and reliability coefficients were calculated for each self-report and compared to values from literature. The CDI-S and CASS-S yielded a high number of false negatives, with lower sensitivities and specificities in the sample than the literature. There was a nearly significant difference in total mean RCMAS scores between participants with and without anxiety, though again the means for both groups were below the threshold of concern. The SLOI-CV yielded a high false positive rate. All four instruments had reliability coefficients comparable to literature values. Results must be considered preliminary due to sample size. However, the findings suggest that although self-report instruments may provide useful information in the diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidities in ASD, caution must be exercised in their interpretation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mazefsky, C. A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Oswald, D. P.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Mazefsky, CA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Webster Hall,3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.006 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800016 ER PT J AU Jonsdottir, SL Saemundsen, E Antonsdottir, IS Sigurdardottir, S Olason, D AF Jonsdottir, Sigridur Loa Saemundsen, Evald Antonsdottir, Ingibjorg Sif Sigurdardottir, Solveig Olason, Daniel TI Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder before or after the age of 6 years SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Age at diagnosis; Parental concerns ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; PRESCHOOL YEARS; SYMPTOM ONSET; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; TIME; LIFE AB This study compared children with early and late diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). All children in four consecutive birth cohorts in Iceland diagnosed with ASD were divided into two groups based on their age at initial ASD diagnosis: 58 children were diagnosed before age 6 (group 1) and 41 children after age 6 (group 2). Children in group 1 were more likely to receive a diagnosis of childhood autism (p <= 0.001), their average IQ/DQ was lower (p < 0.001), verbal status was lower (p < 0.001), and a history of autistic regression was more common (p < 0.01) than in group 2. Half of the children in group 2 had received other developmental diagnoses prior to the ASD diagnosis, but this applied to only a few of the children in group 1 (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups with regard to autistic symptoms as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (p = 0.224), frequency of associated medical conditions (p = 0.640), age of first parental concern (p = 0.244), and age of first autistic symptoms on hindsight (p = 0.540). The majority of parents (76.2%) had developmental concerns before age 3, and with hindsight 83.3% thought that autistic symptoms had been present before age 2. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jonsdottir, Sigridur Loa; Saemundsen, Evald; Sigurdardottir, Solveig] State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Div Autism Spectrum Disorders, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. [Antonsdottir, Ingibjorg Sif; Olason, Daniel] Univ Iceland, Dept Social Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Jonsdottir, SL (reprint author), State Diagnost & Counseling Ctr, Div Autism Spectrum Disorders, Digranesvegur 5, IS-200 Kopavogur, Iceland. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.007 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800017 ER PT J AU Kanai, C Iwanami, A Ota, H Yamasue, H Matsushima, E Yokoi, H Shinohara, K Kato, N AF Kanai, Chieko Iwanami, Akira Ota, Haruhisa Yamasue, Hidenori Matsushima, Eisuke Yokoi, Hideki Shinohara, Kazuyuki Kato, Nobumasa TI Clinical characteristics of adults with Asperger's Syndrome assessed with self-report questionnaires SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger's Syndrome; Clinical characteristics; Self-report questionnaires; Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ); Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ); Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) ID SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; JAPANESE VERSION; ADOLESCENTS; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; VALIDITY; SCALE AB Diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome (AS) in adults is difficult, and clinical sample-based studies that systematically illustrate the clinical characteristics of adult AS patients are needed so that appropriate treatment can be provided. Here we examined the clinical characteristics of AS in 112 adults (median age, 28.0 years [range, 18-52]; 71 men and 41 women: 55 AS group (median age, 27.0 years [range, 18-49]: 36 men and 19 women), 57 control group (median age, 28.0 years [range, 20-52]; 35 men and 22 women) through administration of the Japanese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Japanese version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Scores on the AQ, SPQ, and the 'Neuroticism' and 'Psychoticism' scores of the EPQ were significantly higher in adults with AS than in controls. The 'Extraversion' and 'Lie' scores of the EPQ were significantly lower in adults with AS than in controls. The total score of the AQ was correlated with 3 subscale scores (unusual perceptual experiences, odd or eccentric behavior, and suspiciousness) of the SPQ in the AS group, but not in the control group. The findings demonstrated that AQ and other personality scales could be used to elucidate the clinical characteristics of AS in adults. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanai, Chieko; Matsushima, Eisuke] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Sect Liaison Psychiat & Palliat Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138519, Japan. [Iwanami, Akira] Showa Univ, East Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1428555, Japan. [Ota, Haruhisa; Yokoi, Hideki; Kato, Nobumasa] Showa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578577, Japan. [Yamasue, Hidenori] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Shinohara, Kazuyuki] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Neurobiol, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. [Shinohara, Kazuyuki] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Behav Unit Basic Med, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. RP Kanai, C (reprint author), Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Grad Sch Med & Dent Sci, Sect Liaison Psychiat & Palliat Med, Bunkyo Ku, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 1138519, Japan. EM chikanai1003320@gmail.com CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Arick J. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.008 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800018 ER PT J AU Nyden, A Hagberg, B Gousse, V Rastam, M AF Nyden, Agneta Hagberg, Bibbi Gousse, Veronique Rastam, Maria TI A cognitive endophenotype of autism in families with multiple incidence SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Multiple incidence families; Autism spectrum disorders; Cognitive endophenotype; Sibpair; Autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; WEAK CENTRAL COHERENCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; PARENTS; PHENOTYPE; SIBLINGS; MIND AB Twin and family studies have established that there is a strong genetic basis for autism spectrum disorders. To facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes and to study pathways from gene-brain to cognition a more refined endophenotype-based approach may be useful. The purpose of the present study was to examine the neurocognitive endophenotype of autism, in families with multiple incidence autism. Eighty-six members of 18 families containing at least two individuals with autism were neuropsychological assessed. Children with autism, showed weak central coherence, but this "trait" could not be found in their parents nor in non-affected siblings. All family members, including the sibpairs with autism, showed deficits within executive functions, involving planning ability, but normal set-shifting. The sibpairs with autism - but not their other family members - showed significant correlations within two visuo-spatial tasks. Deficits in executive functions (specifically planning ability) appear to characterize the broader endophenotype of autism. Our findings do not confirm the hypotheses of weak central coherence or deficits in theory of mind as part of the broader endophenotype of autism. Deficits in visual scanning may be a feature of the manifest phenotype of autism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nyden, Agneta; Hagberg, Bibbi; Rastam, Maria] Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol Child & Adolescent Psychi, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gousse, Veronique] Grp Hosp Chenevier Mondor, Equipe Psychiat Gener 15, Paris, France. [Rastam, Maria] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Child & Adolescent Psychiat, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Nyden, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol Child & Adolescent Psychi, Kungsgatan 12, S-41119 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.010 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800019 ER PT J AU Maekawa, T Tobimatsu, S Inada, N Oribe, N Onitsuka, T Kanba, S Kamio, Y AF Maekawa, Toshihiko Tobimatsu, Shozo Inada, Naoko Oribe, Naoya Onitsuka, Toshiaki Kanba, Shigenobu Kamio, Yoko TI Top-down and bottom-up visual information processing of non-social stimuli in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Mismatch negativity; P300; Bottom-up attention; Top-down attention; Visual processing ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; MISMATCH NEGATIVITY; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; LANGUAGE DISORDER; FACE RECOGNITION AB Individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) often show superior performance in simple visual tasks, despite difficulties in the perception of socially important information such as facial expression. The neural basis of visual perception abnormalities associated with HF-ASD is currently unclear. We sought to elucidate the functioning of bottom-up and top-down visual information processing in HF-ASD using event-related potentials (ERPs). Eleven adults with HF-ASD and 11 age-matched normal controls (NC) participated in this study. Visual ERPs were recorded using 128-channel EEG. The P1 and P300 were recorded in response to target stimuli. Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) potentials were obtained by subtracting responses to standard from those to deviant stimuli. Behaviorally, individuals with HF-ASD showed faster target detection than NCs. However, vMMN amplitude and latency were the same between the two groups. In contrast, P1 and P300 amplitudes were significantly decreased in HF-ASD compared with NCs. In addition, P300 latency was significantly delayed in HF-ASD. Individuals with HF-ASD exhibit altered visual information processing. Intact bottom-up attention (vMMN) may contribute to their superior simple visual task performance in spite of abnormal low-level (P1) and top-down (P300) visual information processing. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maekawa, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neuropsychiat, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. [Maekawa, Toshihiko; Tobimatsu, Shozo] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. [Maekawa, Toshihiko] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Boston VA Healthcare Syst, Brockton, MA 02401 USA. [Inada, Naoko; Kamio, Yoko] NIMH, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Maekawa, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neuropsychiat, Higashi Ku, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.012 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800020 ER PT J AU Falkmer, M Bjallmark, A Larsson, M Falkmer, T AF Falkmer, Marita Bjallmark, Anna Larsson, Matilda Falkmer, Torbjorn TI Recognition of facially expressed emotions and visual search strategies in adults with Asperger syndrome SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Basic emotions; Eye movements; Fixation durations; Fixation patterns; Social development ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACE GAZE; CHILDREN; SITUATIONS; EYES; MIND AB Can the disadvantages persons with Asperger syndrome frequently experience with reading facially expressed emotions be attributed to a different visual perception, affecting their scanning patterns? Visual search strategies, particularly regarding the importance of information from the eye area, and the ability to recognise facially expressed emotions were compared between 24 adults with Asperger syndrome and their matched controls. While wearing a head mounted eye tracker, the participants viewed 12 pairs of photos of faces. The first photo in each pair was cut up into puzzle pieces. Six of the 12 puzzle pieced photos had the eyes bisected. The second photo showed a happy, an angry and a surprised face of the same person as in the puzzle pieced photo. Differences in visual search strategies between the groups were established. Adults with Asperger syndrome had greater difficulties recognizing these basic emotions than controls. The distortion of the eye area affected the ability to identify emotions even more negatively for participants with Asperger syndrome. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Falkmer, Torbjorn] Curtin Univ Technol, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst CHIRI, Perth, WA, Australia. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Hlth Sci, Jonkoping Univ & Rehabil Med, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] La Trobe Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bjallmark, Anna; Larsson, Matilda] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Sch Technol & Hlth, Dept Med Engn, Stockholm, Sweden. [Falkmer, Marita] Jonkoping Univ, CHILD Program Swedish Inst Disabil Res, Sch Educ & Commun, SE-55111 Jonkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Marita] Municipal Council Norrkoping, Dept Educ, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Marita] Municipal Council Norrkoping, Inst Disabil Res, Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Falkmer, T (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Fac Hlth Sci, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst CHIRI, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, Australia. 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Little previous research has investigated issues related to interaction between individuals with developmental disabilities and pets. In this study, we used simple behavioral intervention procedures to decrease pet mistreatment by a young child with autism. Specifically, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) were evaluated. DRA did not decrease the behavior but DRO produced immediate and significant decreases in pet mistreatment and the DRO interval was successfully lengthened to 10 min. All sessions were implemented by the child's regular behavioral therapy team, in the child's home. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bergstrom, Ryan; Tarbox, Jonathan; Gutshall, Katharine A.] Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. RP Tarbox, J (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, 19019 Ventura Blvd,3rd Floor, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. 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TI Convergent and discriminant validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Problem Behavior for Children (ASD-PBC) against the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE ASD-PBC; BASC-2; Validity; Psychometrics; ASD; Autism ID OVERT AGGRESSION SCALE; CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RATING-SCALE; SELF-INJURY; CHECKLIST; INTERVENTIONS; INVENTORY AB Many children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate challenging behaviors. Since challenging behaviors are obstacles for social development and learning, it is important to determine if and what challenging behaviors are exhibited. Although there are some measures that asses for challenging behaviors, the majority were not specifically designed to assess for challenging behaviors among children with ASD, or do not solely assess for challenging behaviors. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.003 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800023 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Hess, JA AF Matson, Johnny L. Hess, Julie A. TI Psychotropic drug efficacy and side effects for persons with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Psychotropic drugs; Side effects ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; AGGRESSIVE CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; II DASH-II; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOACTIVE MEDICINES; RISPERIDONE TREATMENT AB Pharmacotherapy is a frequently employed treatment option in the area of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A considerable literature base has developed indicating when these medications should or could be administered. However, research on the potential side effects and cost benefit analysis of these treatments is not well understood at this time. The purpose of this review is to assess current prescription practices, to determine what is needed with respect to better understanding the cost and benefits of these prescription practices, and notions about future trends in research to better aid in our understanding of psychotropic drug side effects. Future research of this sort should further establish best practices with respect to pharmacotherapy and ASD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.004 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800024 ER PT J AU Chan, AS Han, YMY Sze, SL Cheung, MC Leung, WWM Chan, RCK To, CY AF Chan, Agnes S. Han, Yvonne M. Y. Sze, Sophia L. Cheung, Mei-chun Leung, Winnie Wing-man Chan, Raymond C. K. To, Cho Yee TI Disordered connectivity associated with memory deficits in children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; EEG; Coherence; Memory; Theta; Children ID SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; EPISODIC MEMORY; EEG COHERENCE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MRI; NEURAL BASIS; PERFORMANCE; THETA; SYNCHRONIZATION AB The present study examined the memory performance and cortical connectivity of children with ASD, and investigated whether the memory deficits exhibited by these children were associated with the cortical connectivity. Twenty-one children with ASD and 21 children with normal development (NC), aged 5-14 years, participated in the study. Each child was administered a neuropsychological battery that included the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-Ill), Digit Span test (DS), Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey-O), and Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT); and an EEG recording session when performing the visual encoding Object Recognition (OR) task. Six neuropsychological measures from the test battery and six EEG coherence measures in the theta band were compared between the children with ASD and normal children. Results indicated that children with ASD performed at comparable levels with normal children in the DS and Rey-O, but were significantly poorer in HKLLT and OR. They also exhibited significantly elevated long-range coherences in the fronto-posterior connections involving the left hemisphere (left anterior-left posterior; left anterior-right posterior). Pearson correlation showed significant negative associations between the anterior-posterior EEG coherences and memory performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Agnes S.; Han, Yvonne M. Y.; Sze, Sophia L.; Leung, Winnie Wing-man] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Agnes S.; Sze, Sophia L.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Integrat Neuropsychol Rehabil Ctr, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cheung, Mei-chun] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text & Clothing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Raymond C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Neuropsychol & Appl Cognit Neurosci Lab, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Chan, Raymond C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Psychol, Key Lab Mental Hlth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [To, Cho Yee] Univ Michigan, Fac Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chan, AS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.005 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800025 ER PT J AU Garcia-Villamisar, D Dattilo, J AF Garcia-Villamisar, Domingo Dattilo, John TI Social and clinical effects of a leisure program on adults with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Leisure; Therapeutic recreation ID EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; DISCRIMINATION; CHILDREN AB Using a pre-test, post-test experimental design, effects of a 1-year group leisure program were examined on 31 participants (20 male and 11 female), ages 27-38 (M = 32.05 at start of program), with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis randomly assigned to the experimental condition and a group of 20 adults with ASD randomly assigned to the control group (13 male and 7 female), ages 24-38 (M = 31.75, at the program start). The Facial Discrimination Battery (FDB)-Spanish version and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Interview Edition Survey Form (VABS) were used to measure social-emotional cognition and the Color Trails Test (CTT) and the Tower of London-Drexel Edition were used to measure executive functioning cognitive. In consideration of the ecological perspective, the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), were used. Mean scores for the experimental group were higher after completing the program than during baseline and compared to the control group across all social and emotional scales. Although statistical significance of results of the socio-emotional indicators and executive function was mixed, the VABS composite that focuses on social behavior of people with ASD was significant and demonstrated the largest difference between performance at baseline and performance after the 12-month intervention. 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Cheung, Mei-chun TI Abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex associated with attentional and inhibitory control deficits: A neurophysiological study on children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Anterior cingulate; Attention; Inhibitory control; EEG; Autism; Children ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; WORKING-MEMORY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; EEG POWER; ELECTROMAGNETIC TOMOGRAPHY; BRAIN DYSFUNCTIONS AB Previous studies showed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is activated when individuals engage in attention and inhibitory control tasks. The present study examined whether ACC activity is associated with behavioral performance of the two tasks. Twenty normal and 20 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) were subjected to neuropsychological assessments on attention and inhibitory control, as well as electroencephalography recording. Children with ASD performed significantly worse than normal children on attention tasks as shown in their poorer performance on the Digit Span test, the greater number of Omission Errors on both the Continuous Performance Test II and the Go/No-Go tasks. They also performed significantly worse than normal children on inhibitory control tasks as shown by the greater number of False Alarms on the Object Recognition and Hong Kong List Learning Test. Their ACC activities, as indicated by relative theta power, were found to be significantly lower than those of normal controls during performance of the Go/No-Go task. Depressed ACC activities were further found to be significantly associated with poorer performance in attention and inhibition. Clinical implications on the use of theta activities in the ACC as an indicator to monitor intervention progress in children with ASD were discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chan, Agnes S.; Han, Yvonne M. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 254 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.007 PG 13 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800027 ER PT J AU Baltruschat, L Hasselhorn, M Tarbox, J Dixon, DR Najdowski, AC Mullins, RD Gould, ER AF Baltruschat, Lisa Hasselhorn, Marcus Tarbox, Jonathan Dixon, Dennis R. Najdowski, Adel C. Mullins, Ryan D. Gould, Evelyn R. TI Addressing working memory in children with autism through behavioral intervention SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Executive functions; Working memory; Positive reinforcement; Central-executive; Applied behavior analysis ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; ARITHMETICAL SKILLS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; DEFICITS AB Children with autism often struggle with executive function (EF) deficits, particularly with regard to working memory (WM). Despite the documented deficits in these areas, very little controlled research has evaluated treatments for remediation of EF or WM deficits in children with autism. This study examined the use of positive reinforcement for improving performance on Counting Span tasks which are said to measure the central-executive component of working memory. Large improvements in performance were obtained for all participants, as was maintenance and generalization to untrained stimuli and untrained responses. Results suggest that basic behavioral intervention procedures may be successful in improving performance on complex behaviors such as those labeled as "working memory." (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tarbox, Jonathan; Dixon, Dennis R.; Najdowski, Adel C.; Mullins, Ryan D.; Gould, Evelyn R.] Ctr Autism & Related Disorders, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. [Hasselhorn, Marcus] Ctr Res Individual Dev & Adapt Educ Children Risk, German Inst Int Educ Res, Frankfurt, Germany. 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Because chromatic stimuli preferentially stimulate the P-color but not the P-form pathway, our findings suggest that ASD is associated with impaired P-color pathway activity. Our study provides the first electrophysiological evidence for P-color pathway impairments with preserved M function at the V1 level in ASD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujita, Takako; Yamasaki, Takao; Tobimatsu, Shozo] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Neurol Inst, Dept Clin Neurophysiol,Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. [Fujita, Takako; Hirose, Shinichi] Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Yamasaki, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Neurol Inst, Dept Clin Neurophysiol,Higashi Ku, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. 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H., 1999, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL, V4th NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.009 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800029 ER PT J AU Laura, V Cristina, L Paola, R Luisa, AM Shyti, G Edvige, V Giuseppe, M Elena, G Laura, C Adriana, V AF Laura, Vergani Cristina, Lanza Paola, Rivaro Luisa, Abelmoschi M. Shyti, Genti Edvige, Veneselli Giuseppe, Minniti Elena, Grasselli Laura, Canesi Adriana, Voci TI Metals, metallothioneins and oxidative stress in blood of autistic children SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autistic spectrum disorders; Blood; Metals; Metallothionein; Oxidative stress; Real-time RT-PCR ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GOLD TRAP; MERCURY; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; INFANTS; ENZYMES; HAIR; PRECONCENTRATION AB Many factors have been implicated in autism onset, including excess or deficiency in toxic or essential metals and impaired antioxidant systems. Protection towards the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is afforded by antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GPx), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as metallothionein (MT). In blood samples from autistic children and healthy controls, three aspects were investigated: (i) the plasma concentration of 13 metals (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn) was measured by ICP-AES; (ii) the transcription of three MT isoforms (MT-1A, MT-1E and MT-2A) was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBMCs); (iii) the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx was assessed by spectrophotometric assays in red blood cells (RBCs). Autistic children showed significantly higher plasma levels of Zn, Ca, Fe, As, Ni, Cd and Si, higher mRNA expression of the MT isoforms in PBMCs, higher SOD activity and lower CAT activity in RBCs with respect to controls. These findings demonstrate a significant increase in both metal content and metallothionein expression together with an unbalance in the oxidative status in the blood of autistic children. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laura, Vergani; Cristina, Lanza; Shyti, Genti; Elena, Grasselli; Laura, Canesi; Adriana, Voci] Univ Genoa, Dept Biol, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Edvige, Veneselli] Univ Genoa, Gaslini Inst, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, Dept Neurosci Ophthalmol & Genet, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Giuseppe, Minniti] IRCCS G Gaslini, Dept Pediat, Genoa, Italy. [Laura, Vergani; Laura, Canesi] INBB, I-00136 Rome, Italy. [Paola, Rivaro; Luisa, Abelmoschi M.] Univ Genoa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. RP Laura, V (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dept Biol, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.010 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800030 ER PT J AU Liu, MJ Shih, WL Ma, LY AF Liu, Meng-Jung Shih, Wei-Lin Ma, Le-Yin TI Are children with Asperger syndrome creative in divergent thinking and feeling? A brief report SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Creativity; Special interests; Asperger syndrome; Weak central coherence; Theory of mind ID SAVANT SYNDROME; AUTISM; TALENT AB This study investigates whether children with Asperger syndrome (AS) show superior competence in creativity, and it examines the relationship between nonverbal creativity and nonverbal IQ and vocabulary size. Sixteen (16) children with AS and forty-two (42) typically developing peers completed the exercises in divergent thinking and feeling from a creativity assessment packet. The results revealed that the participants with AS scored significantly higher in originality and elaboration, compared to their peers. Nonverbal divergent thinking was correlated to nonverbal IQ for participants with AS. It was observed that participants with AS drew the 12 incomplete figures mostly in the areas which interest them. This result may indicate better performances in originality and lesser performances in flexibility. The study suggests that opportunities to develop expertise in the subjects in which they are absorbed may be necessary for children with AS. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Meng-Jung] Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Special Educ, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. [Shih, Wei-Lin] Alian Jr High Sch, Alian Township 822, Kaohsiung Cty, Taiwan. 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E., 1980, CREATIVITY ASSESSMEN NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 294 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.011 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800031 ER PT J AU Da Fonseca, D Santos, A Rosset, D Deruelle, C AF Da Fonseca, D. Santos, A. Rosset, D. Deruelle, C. TI The "beauty is good" for children with autism spectrum disorders too SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Beauty; Face; Stereotypes; Autism ID NEWBORN-INFANTS PREFERENCE; ATTRACTIVE FACES; FACIAL CHARACTERISTICS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIND; STEREOTYPE; ATTENTION; REWARD AB The "beauty is good" (BIG) stereotype is a robust and extensively documented social stereotype. While one may think that children with autism are impervious to the BIG stereotype, given their remarkable difficulties in the social sphere, this issue has not yet been addressed. We have asked 18 children with autism to judge how friendly and intelligent faces appeared. They were then asked to judge the same faces on beauty, and their responses were compared to that of 18-matched controls, as well as to 71 typically developing children. Results revealed similar beauty judgements across the groups. Importantly, children with autism also showed a BIG stereotype, considering friendly and intelligent the beautiful faces, and unfriendly and not intelligent the ugly faces, just like their matched controls and typical children. These findings raise critical questions on stereotype acquisition as well as on the characterization of autism as a global social disability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Da Fonseca, D.; Santos, A.; Rosset, D.; Deruelle, C.] CNRS, INCM, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. [Da Fonseca, D.; Rosset, D.] Ctr Ressource Autisme PACA, Marseille, France. RP Deruelle, C (reprint author), CNRS, INCM, 31 Chemin Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.012 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800032 ER PT J AU May, RJ Austin, JL Dymond, S AF May, Richard J. Austin, Jennifer L. Dymond, Simon TI Effects of a stimulus prompt display on therapists' accuracy, rate, and variation of trial type delivery during discrete trial teaching SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Discrete trial teaching; Stimulus prompting; Behavioral skills training; Autism; Early intensive behavioral intervention; Verbal behavior; Applied behavior analysis ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; VOCATIONAL TASKS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; INTERVENTION; SKILLS AB Research on training therapists to deliver discrete trial teaching (DYE) has tended to focus on a limited range of therapist competencies and may have neglected important variables such as the rate and variation of trial types delivered across complete teaching sessions. Stimulus prompting procedures may facilitate the delivery of DYE for the broad range of competencies needed during therapy. In the present study, three experienced therapists were taught to deliver DTT with and without a stimulus prompt. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.013 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800033 ER PT J AU Farmer, CA Aman, MG AF Farmer, Cristan A. Aman, Michael G. TI Aggressive behavior in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Aggression; Challenging behavior; Aggressive subtypes ID PROACTIVE AGGRESSION; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD AB Little is known about the manifestation of aggressive behavior in children with autism, although it is commonly cited as a significant problem. Existing reports in autism do not emphasize subtypes of aggression, whereas distinguishing forms of aggression is commonplace in the typically developing literature. This study compared a sample of 121 children aged 3-20 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to 244 children with other intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD: age 4-21 years). Item- and subscale-level data from the Children's Scale for Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (C-SHARP) were reported. Children with ASDs received higher ratings than those with IDD on several subscales tapping physical and reactive aggression. Within the ASD group, children with Asperger's disorder were rated significantly higher than children with autism on subscales tapping covert and verbal behaviors. Results indicate that at least some types of aggression were more common in children with ASDs than those with IDDs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farmer, Cristan A.; Aman, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Farmer, CA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nisonger Ctr, 1581 Dodd Dr,Suite 175, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM farmer.107@osu.edu CR AMAN M, TXB AUTISM IN PRESS ANDO H, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P83, DOI 10.1007/BF01531295 Benson BA, 1999, HDB DISRUPTIVE BEHAV, P559 Broidy LM, 2003, DEV PSYCHOL, V39, P222, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.222 Connor D. F., 2002, AGGRESSION ANTISOCIA Dodge K. A., 2006, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, P719 DODGE KA, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P1146, DOI 10.1037//0022-3514.53.6.1146 Farmer CA, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P270, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.09.014 Farmer CA, 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1155, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.03.001 Gendreau PL, 2005, DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF AGGRESSION, P25 HARTUP WW, 2005, DEV ORIGINS AGGRESSI, P83 Hinshaw S. P., 2003, CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOG Keenan K, 2000, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V28, P33, DOI 10.1023/A:1005118000977 Lecavalier L, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P1101, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0147-5 Macken J., 2009, J MENTAL HLTH RES IN, V2, P29 Parke RD, 1983, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V4, P547 Reiss Jr Albert J., 1993, UNDERSTANDING PREVEN Schwartz D, 1998, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V26, P431, DOI 10.1023/A:1022695601088 Tremblay RE, 2000, INT J BEHAV DEV, V24, P129 Vitaro F, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P377, DOI 10.1017/S0021963097002102 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.014 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800034 ER PT J AU Davis, TE Moree, BN Dempsey, T Reuther, ET Fodstad, JC Hess, JA Jenkins, WS Matson, JL AF Davis, Thompson E., III Moree, Brittany N. Dempsey, Tim Reuther, Erin T. Fodstad, Jill C. Hess, Julie A. Jenkins, Whitney S. Matson, Johnny L. TI The relationship between autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: The moderating effect of communication SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety; Communication deficits; Children ID CHILDREN ASD-CC; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; COMORBIDITY; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB Communication skills have been shown to have differing effects on levels of anxiety depending on whether or not a child has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or is typically developing. This article examined whether or not communication deficits differentially affect children with ASD compared to those without ASD. Ninety-nine children with autistic disorder (n = 33), Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS; n = 33), and no diagnosis (n = 33) were examined using the Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnostic for Children and Comorbidity for Children scales to determine their level of anxiety and degree of communication deficits. Results indicated that anxiety decreased as communication deficits increased for those with autistic disorder compared to those with PDD-NOS or no diagnosis; however, for those with PDD-NOS anxiety increased as communication deficits increased compared to those with no diagnosis. The importance and differential impact of communication deficits on anxiety for different groups is highlighted. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, Thompson E., III; Moree, Brittany N.; Dempsey, Tim; Reuther, Erin T.; Fodstad, Jill C.; Hess, Julie A.; Jenkins, Whitney S.; Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Davis, TE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ted@lsu.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARON RM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1173, DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 Beitchman JH, 2001, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V40, P75, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200101000-00019 Bellini S., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P78, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190020201 Blood GW, 2007, J COMMUN DISORD, V40, P452, DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.10.005 Bryson SE, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P165, DOI 10.1007/BF02172005 Cantwell D. P., 1987, J ANXIETY DIORD, V1, P239, DOI 10.1016/0887-6185(87)90028-4 Davis III T. E., 2009, TREATING CHILDHOOD P, P183, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-09530-1_7 Davis TE, 2008, J PSYCHOPATHOL BEHAV, V30, P43, DOI 10.1007/s10862-007-9072-y Davis TE, 2010, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V4, P305, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.002 Davis TE, 2009, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND SKILLS IN CHILDREN, P219, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0234-4_11 de Bruin EI, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P877, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0215-x Fodstad JC, 2009, DEV NEUROREHABIL, V12, P152, DOI 10.1080/17518420902936748 Gillott A, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P277, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005003005 HOWLIN P, 1997, INT J RES PRACTICE, V1, P135 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kessler RC, 2005, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V62, P593, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 Lord C., 1997, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P195 Love S., 1990, AUSTR NZ J DEV DISAB, V16, P257 Matson JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P109, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.07.005 Matson JL, 2009, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V3, P345, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.08.002 Matson JL, 2008, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V20, P327, DOI 10.1007/s10882-008-9100-1 Matson JL, 2009, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V3, P196, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.05.005 Matson JL, 2008, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V2, P696, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.02.003 MATSON JL, 2009, J DEV PHYS DISABIL, V21, P196 Moree BN, 2010, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V4, P346, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.015 Pinborough-Zimmerman J, 2007, AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT, V16, P359, DOI 10.1044/1058-0360(2007/039) Prizant BM, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P173, DOI 10.1007/BF02172007 Simonoff E, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P921, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f Tsai LY, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P159, DOI 10.1007/BF02172004 Weisbrot DM, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P477, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.477 White SW, 2009, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V29, P216, DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 World Health Organization, 1992, INT CLASS DIS REL HL NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.015 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800035 ER PT J AU Inada, N Koyama, T Inokuchi, E Kuroda, M Kamio, Y AF Inada, Naoko Koyama, Tomonori Inokuchi, Eiko Kuroda, Miho Kamio, Yoko TI Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Early detection; Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT); Reliability; Short version; Validity ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TOKYO VERSION; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; CARS AB Early detection and intervention is essential for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, we examined the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT), a 23-item, yes-no questionnaire regarding early autistic symptoms completed by parents of children at 18-24 months of age. Herein, the reliability of the M-CHAT was investigated for children 4-20 months of age. The M-CHAT score (the number of failed items) was found to be significantly correlated among 24 mother-father pairs (Pearson's r = .933), representing good inter-rater reliability. The test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with 22 mothers providing almost equal M-CHAT scores on two different occasions (r = .990). Significant correlations were observed between the M-CHAT score and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo version score in 25 two-year-old children (r = .581), indicating good concurrent validity. The M-CHAT score was significantly higher in 20 children later diagnosed with ASD compared with reference children (n = 1167), revealing sufficient discriminant validity. A short version of the M-CHAT using 9 items was proposed and effectively differentiated children with ASD from reference children. The efficacy of the Japanese version of the M-CHAT was demonstrated for first-level screening in the general population. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inada, Naoko; Koyama, Tomonori; Inokuchi, Eiko; Kuroda, Miho; Kamio, Yoko] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. [Kuroda, Miho] Tokai Gakuin Univ, Fac Human Relat, Dept Psychol, Gifu 5048511, Japan. RP Kamio, Y (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, 4-1-1 Ogawa Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.016 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800036 ER PT J AU Ingersoll, B Hambrick, DZ AF Ingersoll, Brooke Hambrick, David Z. TI The relationship between the broader autism phenotype, child severity, and stress and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Broader autism phenotype; Parenting; Coping ID QUOTIENT AQ; FAMILY STRESS; PERSONALITY-TRAITS; MOTHERS; FATHERS; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; TODDLERS; VALIDITY; PROBANDS AB This study examined the relationship between child symptom severity, parent broader autism phenotype (BAP), and stress and depression in parents of children with ASD. One hundred and forty-nine parents of children with ASD completed a survey of parenting stress, depression, broader autism phenotype, coping styles, perceived social support, and child symptom severity. Parents reported elevated parenting stress and depression relative to normative samples. A path analysis indicated that both child symptom severity and parent BAP were positively correlated with these outcomes. The relationship between BAP and the outcome measures was partially mediated by maladaptive coping and social support and the relationship between child symptom severity and outcomes was partially mediated by social support. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ingersoll, Brooke; Hambrick, David Z.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ingersoll, B (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, 105B Psychol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.017 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800037 ER PT J AU Ben Itzchak, E Zachor, DA AF Ben Itzchak, Esther Zachor, Ditza A. TI Who benefits from early intervention in autism spectrum disorders? SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Early intervention; Predictors; Outcome; Adaptive skills; Cognitive abilities; Maternal age; Maternal education ID BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; PREDICTORS; AGE; SEVERITY AB Research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) described individual differences in response to intervention. This study explored child and parental characteristics at baseline that predict outcomes in adaptive skills and acquisition of cognitive gains. Seventy-eight children aged 15-35 months diagnosed with ASD by standardized diagnostic tools were included. Evaluations of verbal and non-verbal abilities, adaptive skills and autism severity were obtained at pre-intervention (T1) and after one year of intervention (T2). At T2, children improved significantly in their verbal ability and the severity of autism symptoms was reduced. Outcome in adaptive skills was best predicted by baseline verbal ability and maternal age. Better verbal ability especially in those with severe autism symptoms, and older maternal age predicted better adaptive skills outcome. T1 autism severity, child's age and maternal age and educational attainment best predicted cognitive gains. Less severe autism symptoms, younger child's age at start of intervention, older maternal age and higher maternal education predicted greater cognitive gains with intervention. The study suggests biological factors including age, language abilities and autism severity and environmental factors including maternal age and education, impact the ability to benefit from early intervention in ASD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ben Itzchak, Esther] Ariel Univ Ctr, Dept Commun Disorders, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel. [Zachor, Ditza A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ben Itzchak, E (reprint author), Ariel Univ Ctr, Dept Commun Disorders, IL-40700 Ariel, Israel. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.018 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800038 ER PT J AU Gillis, JM Callahan, EH Romanczyk, RG AF Gillis, Jennifer M. Callahan, Emily H. Romanczyk, Raymond G. TI Assessment of social behavior in children with autism: The development of the Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Young Children SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Social interactions; Behavioral Assessment ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; FOLLOW-UP; SKILLS; INTERVENTION; DEFICITS; IMPAIRMENTS; RESPONSES; ADULTS; MESSY AB There are a limited number of assessments available to examine social skills deficits in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Young Children (BASYC) was developed as a direct assessment of social deficits in young children with ASD relative to children without ASD. The BASYC is a semi-structured assessment designed to be administered by clinicians and teachers working with children with a possible ASD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BASYC discriminates social behaviors between children with and without ASD. There were 77 participants (n = 48 children with ASD; n = 29 children without ASD) in this study. Scores on the BASYC significantly predict group membership. Sensitivity and specificity of the BASYC was .977 and .871, respectively. Item discrimination indices revealed that the majority of items on the Social Responsivity scale discriminated well between groups; however, this was not the case for the Social Initiation scale. Although additional research is required, the BASYC is currently an instrument that is easy to administer, discriminates well between children with and without ASD based on social behaviors and may assist in goal planning and monitoring of social skills treatment progress. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gillis, Jennifer M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Psychol, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Callahan, Emily H.; Romanczyk, Raymond G.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Gillis, JM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Psychol, 226 Thach, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. 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TI Factors associated with depressive symptoms in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Sleep; Behavior; Children; Autism; Parents; Depression ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TYPICALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; SLEEP PATTERNS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MOTHERS; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; DISTURBANCE AB Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have higher rates of depressive symptoms than parents of typically developing (TD) children or parents of children with other developmental disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine child and parent sleep as factors associated with depressive symptoms in parents of children with ASDs. Participants included 34 families (17 ASD, 17 TD, 17 mothers and 11 fathers per group). Both objective sleep quantity (actigraphy) and subjective sleep quality were obtained, along with measures of parent depressive symptoms and child daytime behavior. Child sleep quantity was a significant predictor of maternal depressive symptoms, controlling for group and child behavior. Fathers sleep quality was a significant predictor of paternal depressive symptoms, controlling for child behavior and child sleep disturbances. This study suggests that along with child behavior, parent and child sleep variables are associated with parental depressive symptoms. Future studies should continue to use a multi-method measurement approach for sleep, and interventions that target child sleep should include parent sleep and parent daytime functioning as outcome variables. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meltzer, Lisa J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Pulm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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P., 2004, J SLEEP RES, V13, P265, DOI DOI 10.1111/J.1365-2869.2004.00405.X NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.001 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800040 ER PT J AU Aljunied, M Frederickson, N AF Aljunied, Mariam Frederickson, Norah TI Cognitive indicators of different levels of special educational support needs in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Educational provision; Inclusion; Cognitive indicators ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FALSE-BELIEF; TASK-PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; MIND; INCLUSION; INDIVIDUALS; IMPAIRMENTS; ACHIEVEMENT; PLACEMENT AB Potential cognitive indicators of the level of special educational needs (SEN) were investigated in 52 children with autism. Two general indicators (intelligence quotient and cognitive modifiability) and three specific indicators (theory of mind, executive functioning and central coherence) were evaluated for their ability to discriminate three groups of children requiring different levels of special education support. General intelligence, cognitive modifiability and theory of mind each contributed significantly to the discrimination of the three groups. Only theory of mind was found to significantly discriminate children with autism in mainstream schools who did not receive additional support from those in schools for mild special needs where additional social-behavioral support was provided. Only intelligence was found to discriminate children in special schools for mild as opposed to moderate special needs, where additional support was provided for both learning and social-behavioral needs. These findings support the role of theory of mind in relation to social-behavioral difficulties in autism and suggest its value as an indicator of SEN in making timely decisions about the type of support required by children with this diagnosis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frederickson, Norah] UCL, Dept Psychol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Aljunied, Mariam] Minist Educ, Singapore, Singapore. RP Frederickson, N (reprint author), UCL, Dept Psychol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.002 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800041 ER PT J AU Helverschou, SB Martinsen, H AF Helverschou, Sissel Berge Martinsen, Harald TI Anxiety in people diagnosed with autism and intellectual disability: Recognition and phenomenology SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Intellectual disability; Anxiety disorders; Psychiatric disorders; Adults ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMORBID PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; INDIVIDUALS; HEALTH AB Anxiety seems to occur frequently in individuals with autism, but varying prevalence estimates indicate uncertainties in identifying anxiety, especially in those with intellectual disability (ID). The present study explores the recognition of anxiety symptoms and aims to provide suggestions for the assessment of anxiety in individuals with autism and ID. Two separate samples, a community sample of 62 individuals and a clinical sample of 9 individuals, were assessed with anxiety items from a screening checklist. Each item's scores were analyzed. In addition, in the clinical sample, checklist results were compared with clinical assessments. The results indicate that anxiety can be recognized by symptoms similar to those in non-autistic individuals, but signs of physiological arousal seem difficult to recognize in this population. The results imply inclusion of general adjustment problems in order to identify individuals with anxiety problems by using a checklist. For diagnostic purposes, the use of an individual anxiety assessment seems indicated. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Helverschou, Sissel Berge] Natl Hosp Norway, Oslo Univ Hosp, Natl Autism Unit, Oslo, Norway. [Martinsen, Harald] Univ Oslo, Inst Special Needs Educ, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Helverschou, SB (reprint author), Natl Hosp Norway, Oslo Univ Hosp, Natl Autism Unit, Oslo, Norway. EM s.b.helverschou@rikshospitalet.no CR ALDEN LE, 2001, INT HDB SOCIAL ANXIE, P327 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bakken TL, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P1669, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.009 Bellini S, 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P138, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576060210030201 Bradley EA, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P151, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022606.97580.19 Bryson S. E., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P117, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004002002 COORAY S, 2007, DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL IN Davidson RJ, 2002, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V51, P68, DOI 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01328-2 Dekker MC, 2003, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V42, P915, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000046892.27264.1A Doctor R. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.003 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800042 ER PT J AU Weeden, M Poling, A AF Weeden, Marc Poling, Alan TI Identifying reinforcers in skill acquisition studies involving participants with autism: Procedures reported from 2005 to 2009 SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Reinforcer assessment; Functional skills training; Developmental disabilities ID PREFERENCE ASSESSMENT; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; STIMULUS PREFERENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INDIVIDUALS; CHOICE AB This study examined the methods reportedly used to identify reinforcers in 97 skill acquisition studies involving people with autism published from 2005 through 2009. Results indicated that 32 of the 97 studies (33%) provided such information. Interviews with persons familiar with participants (e.g., parents, teachers) were the most-used techniques, followed in order by asking participants what they preferred, observing participants in their natural environment, and conducting formal preference assessments. Although effective reinforcers appear to have been used in each of the studies, the failure of many articles to describe how those stimuli were identified may make it difficult for practitioners and researchers to replicate the interventions. Future publications would benefit from the inclusion of clear and detailed specifications of the procedures used to isolate reinforcers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weeden, Marc; Poling, Alan] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Poling, A (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Psychol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM alan.poling@wmich.edu CR Cannella HI, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.006 Cautela J. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 388 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.004 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800043 ER PT J AU Lau, W Peterson, CC AF Lau, Winnie Peterson, Candida C. TI Adults and children with Asperger syndrome: Exploring adult attachment style, marital satisfaction and satisfaction with parenthood SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Marriage; Adult attachment style; Parenthood satisfaction ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MOTHERS; QUALITY; STRESS; SAMPLE; WELL AB Asperger syndrome (AS) is a disorder resembling autism in its problems with social interaction and cognitive flexibility. Today, a number of adults with AS marry and rear children. Yet there has been little research into the quality of their marital and parental relationships. This study explored romantic attachment style, marital satisfaction and parenthood satisfaction in 157 Australian men and women. There was a focal group 22 married adults with a clinically-confirmed AS diagnosis whose child also had AS and three neuro-typical adult control groups: (a) those whose spouse and child had AS, (b) those whose child had AS but spouse did not, and (c) those with no AS family members. Marital satisfaction was high in all four groups. Respondents who had AS themselves were predominantly insecurely avoidant in romantic attachment, in contrast to predominantly securely attachment in all other groups. Having a child with AS reduced parental (though not marital) satisfaction but there was no additional independent contribution of own or spouse's AS. Methodological and practical implications of the findings were considered. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lau, Winnie; Peterson, Candida C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 392 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.001 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800044 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, T Fujita, T Ogata, K Goto, Y Munetsuna, S Kamio, Y Tobimatsu, S AF Yamasaki, Takao Fujita, Takako Ogata, Katsuya Goto, Yoshinobu Munetsuna, Shinji Kamio, Yoko Tobimatsu, Shozo TI Electrophysiological evidence for selective impairment of optic flow perception in autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Coherent motion perception; Optic flow; Dorso-dorsal pathway; Ventro-dorsal pathway; Event-related potentials ID VISUAL-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; MOTION COHERENCE; ASPERGER SYNDROME; QUOTIENT AQ; AREA MT; CHILDREN; FORM; IDENTIFICATION; INFORMATION; THRESHOLDS AB People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show inferior global motion performance with superior performance in detail form perception, suggesting dysfunction of the dorsal visual stream. To elucidate the neural basis of impaired global motion perception in ASD, we measured psychophysical threshold and visual event-related potentials (ERPs) with a 128-channel system in 12 ASD and 12 healthy control adults. Radial optic flow (OF) and horizontal motion (HO) were used as the visual stimuli. The former was related to the ventro-dorsal stream formed by the inferior parietal lobule, while the latter was conveyed from the dorso-dorsal stream formed by the superior parietal lobule. No significant group differences were observed in the motion thresholds for both OF and HO. N170 and P200 were elicited as major components of ERPs in both groups. However, the latencies of both components for OF but not HO were significantly prolonged in ASD compared with the control group. Our ERP results suggest that ASD has a selective impairment for OF processing even though the psychophysical thresholds are preserved. Therefore, we provide the first electrophysiological evidence for altered function of the higher-level dorsal visual stream in ASD, specifically the ventro-dorsal stream closely related to OF perception. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yamasaki, Takao; Fujita, Takako; Ogata, Katsuya; Tobimatsu, Shozo] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Neurol Inst, Dept Clin Neurophysiol,Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. [Fujita, Takako] Fukuoka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Fukuoka 81401, Japan. [Goto, Yoshinobu] Int Univ Hlth & Welf, Fac Rehabil, Dept Occupat Therapy, Okawa, Japan. [Munetsuna, Shinji] Kyushu Inst Technol, Grad Sch Life Sci & Syst Engn, Dept Brain Sci & Engn, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804, Japan. [Kamio, Yoko] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yamasaki, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Neurol Inst, Dept Clin Neurophysiol,Higashi Ku, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.002 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800045 ER PT J AU Muratori, F Apicella, F Muratori, P Maestro, S AF Muratori, Filippo Apicella, Fabio Muratori, Pietro Maestro, Sandra TI Intersubjective disruptions and caregiver-infant interaction in early Autistic Disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Intesubjectivity; Home-movies; Mental retardation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RETROSPECTIVE VIDEO ANALYSIS; HOME MOVIES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; EARLY RECOGNITION; 1ST YEAR; CHILDREN; LIFE; BEHAVIORS; SYNCHRONY AB The objective of this study was to describe intersubjective attitudes in infants who are later diagnosed with autism and to provide information about caregiver's behaviors during early spontaneous interactions. Interactive sequences from 42 home-movies (HM) from the first 18 months of life of three groups of children - non-regressive Autistic Disorder (AD; n. 15), Mental Retardation (MR; n. 12), or Typical Development (TD; n. 15) - were organized in three semester of age (T1: T2; T3) and analyzed through the Infant and Caregiver Behavior Scale (ICBS) using the Observer 4.0 (R). Rate and duration of ICBS items were explored at each time by Anova with group as between factor. Discriminant analysis was also used. TD, compared to both AD and MR, had higher score at T1 on the duration of 'Syntony', and at T2 on 'Accepting invitation' and 'Maintaining social engagement'. At T2 'Orienting to name' d7/10/2010ifferentiates TD from AD. At T3 some items differentiate TD from AD while on other items AD shows significant lower scores compared to MR. 'Regulation down' is able to correctly identify between AD and MR both at T1 and at T3. In AD there is a progressive disruption of the temporal structure of moments of interpersonal exchange. Difficulties in intersubjective behaviors are sensitive at an early age and become specific after the first birthday. The less amount of caregiver's 'regulation down' is discussed in relation of the infant's lack of spontaneous intersubjective acts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muratori, Filippo; Apicella, Fabio; Muratori, Pietro; Maestro, Sandra] Univ Pisa, Stella Maris Sci Inst, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. RP Apicella, F (reprint author), IRCCS Stella Maris, Via Giacinti 2, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 408 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.003 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800046 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Kozlowski, AM AF Matson, Johnny L. Kozlowski, Alison M. TI The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; ASD; Prevalence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL FUNCTION QABF; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTITUTION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SPECIAL-EDUCATION; ADMINISTRATIVE PREVALENCE; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CHANGING PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM AB Undoubtedly, one of the most frequently studied conditions in the field of mental health today is the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One of the most controversial topics with respect to this population is the prevalence of this spectrum of disorders. The number of cases has risen dramatically, and various hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. Among the most frequently addressed possibilities are expanded diagnostic criteria, more awareness of the disorder, diagnosis at earlier ages, and the recognition that ASD is a lifelong condition. The current paper is a review of the extant literature on this topic. Current status of prevalence research is reviewed and conclusions about the current state of the research are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.005 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800048 ER PT J AU Cihak, DF AF Cihak, David F. TI Comparing pictorial and video modeling activity schedules during transitions for students with autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Picture prompts; Video modeling; Transitions; Schedules ID TASK ENGAGEMENT; CHILDREN; SELF; INSTRUCTION; SKILLS; INTERVENTIONS; SETTINGS; PLAY; RATIONALE; BEHAVIORS AB This study evaluated the differential effects of two different visual schedule strategies. In the context of an alternating treatments design, static-picture schedules were compared to video based activity schedules as supports for three middle school aged students with autism. Students used the visual schedules to transition between activities in their classroom. All participants began transition more independently after being exposed to the visual schedules. Two participants reached criteria faster with static-picture schedules while the third participant made slightly faster progress with the video based schedule. The positive outcomes for both interventions are discussed in the context of practitioners' need for a variety of evidenced based practices to meet the needs of a diverse student body as well and that similar interventions may have different outcomes depending on the characteristics and preferences of the learner. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cihak, DF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, A412 Bailey Educ Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dcihak@utk.edu CR Alberto PA, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P327, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.11.002 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Ayres KM, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P183 Banda DR, 2008, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V43, P324 Barlow D. H., 1984, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bellini S, 2007, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V73, P264 BILLINGSLEY F, 1980, BEHAV ASSESS, V2, P229 Brady M. P., 1995, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V18, P389 Bryan LC, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P553, DOI 10.1023/A:1005687310346 Buggey T., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P52, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576050200010501 Carson K. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.006 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800049 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Kamio, Y Inada, N Inokuchi, E AF Koyama, Tomonori Kamio, Yoko Inada, Naoko Inokuchi, Eiko TI Maternal age at childbirth and social development in infancy SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Maternal age; Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT); Social development ID AUTISM RATING-SCALE; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; TOKYO VERSION; RISK-FACTORS; DISORDERS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; POPULATION; TODDLERS; SPECTRUM; CHILDREN AB Difficulties in social communication are not necessarily observed only in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and there are many subclinical cases in the general populations. Although advanced parental age at childbirth has often been considered a possible risk factor of ASD, it might contribute to poor social functioning in children, rather than to ASD itself. This study examined whether advanced maternal age at childbirth and obstetric factors were associated with atypical social development in infancy. At free health check-ups for children aged 18 months conducted in Munakata city, Japan, 1460 children (729 males) were assessed using the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers CM-CHAT). Adjusted odds ratio showed that children of mothers aged >= 35 years at childbirth were 2.22 (95% confidence intervals, 1.39-3.55) times more likely to fail on the M-CHAT (failing three or more items) compared with the reference group (aged <= 29). Although most mothers will have toddlers that fall in the typical range on this measure of social development, clinicians should pay more attention to early social development of children, especially for lateborn babies, and should be more sensitive to their potential needs so as to provide appropriate advice and support for their caregivers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koyama, Tomonori; Kamio, Yoko; Inada, Naoko; Inokuchi, Eiko] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, NIMH, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. RP Koyama, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, NIMH, 4-1-1 Ogawa Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.008 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800051 ER PT J AU Farran, EK Branson, A King, BJ AF Farran, Emily K. Branson, Amanda King, Ben J. TI Visual search for basic emotional expressions in autism; impaired processing of anger, fear and sadness, but a typical happy face advantage SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Emotion; Visual search; Face processing ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AMYGDALA THEORY; ANGRY FACES; BRAIN; CROWD; RECOGNITION; SPECTRUM; NEUROANATOMY; DISORDERS AB Facial expression recognition was investigated in 20 males with high functioning autism (HFA) or Asperger syndrome (AS), compared to typically developing individuals matched for chronological age (TD CA group) and verbal and non-verbal ability (TD V/NV group). This was the first study to employ a visual search, "face in the crowd" paradigm with a HFA/AS group, which explored responses to numerous facial expressions using real-face stimuli. Results showed slower response times for processing fear, anger and sad expressions in the HFA/AS group, relative to the TD CA group, but not the TD V/NV group. Reponses to happy, disgust and surprise expressions showed no group differences. Results are discussed with reference to the amygdala theory of autism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farran, Emily K.] Univ London, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Inst Educ, London WC1H 0AA, England. [Branson, Amanda; King, Ben J.] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Farran, EK (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, Inst Educ, 25 Woburn Sq, London WC1H 0AA, England. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.009 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800052 ER PT J AU Vanvuchelen, M Roeyers, H De Weerdt, W AF Vanvuchelen, Marleen Roeyers, Herbert De Weerdt, Willy TI Development and initial validation of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Child; Assessment; Bodily and procedural imitation; Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS); Validity; Autism spectrum disorders; Dual route theory of imitation ID STRATEGIC CONTROL; MULTIPLE ROUTES; TERM-MEMORY; CHILDREN AB The goal of this study was to develop and subsequently evaluate the internal construct and criterion-related validity of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS). Different task characteristics were selected considered to be important as unravelled in research in apraxic adults to tap a broad range of possible imitation mechanisms. Participants included 498 children without disabilities (1-4.9 years) and 47 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (1.9-4.5 years). Exploratory factor analysis disclosed 4 dimensions in the scale, labelled: goal directed versus non-goal directed procedural imitation and single versus sequential bodily imitation. Internal consistency for the PIPS scale (alpha = .97) and subscales was high (cc ranged from .79 to .96). In both samples, the PIPS scale score was strongly related to age (r = .78, respectively r = .56). Significant relationships between the PIPS score and mental, language, motor ages in the ASD sample supported criterion-related validity (r ranged from .59 to .74). The PIPS appears to have fundamentally sound psychometric characteristics, although more research is needed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 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F., 2000, BAYLEY SCALES INFANT Vanvuchelen M., 2009, THESIS KATHOLIEKE U Williams JHG, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P285, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000029551.56735.3a Zink I., 2002, N CDIS LIJSTEN COMMU NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 EI 1878-0237 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 463 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.010 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800053 ER PT J AU Mayes, SD Calhoun, SL Murray, MJ Ahuja, M Smith, LA AF Mayes, Susan Dickerson Calhoun, Susan L. Murray, Michael J. Ahuja, Meesha Smith, Laura A. TI Anxiety, depression, and irritability in children with autism relative to other neuropsychiatric disorders and typical development SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Depression; Irritability; Autism; ADHD; Retardation ID OPPOSITIONAL-DEFIANT DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; IV ASPERGERS-DISORDER; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PROCESSING SPEED; COMORBID ANXIETY; ADHD SUBTYPES AB Maternal ratings of anxiety, depression, and irritability were analyzed in 1390 children (6-16 years of age), including 233 children with high functioning autism (HFA, IQ >= 80), 117 children with low functioning autism (LFA, IQ < 80), 187 typical children, and 853 children with other disorders. As a group, children with HFA were characterized as irritable and anxious, and children with LFA and ADHD-combined type were irritable only. Children with anxiety disorders were anxious only. Children with major depression or dysthymic disorder were depressed and irritable. Elevated levels of irritability, anxiety, or depression were not found in ADHD-inattentive type, mental retardation, brain injury, or typical development. The frequency of parent reported anxiety symptoms was similar for children with an anxiety disorder and HFA, though some symptoms were more severe in children with anxiety disorders. Children with depression had more frequent and more severe depressive symptoms than children with HFA. Mothers of 54% of children with HFA and 42% with LFA reported depressed mood in their children. Percentages were higher for anxiety (79% and 67%) and irritability (88% and 84%). These remarkably high percentages justify routinely assessing all children with autism for depression, anxiety, and irritability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.012 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800054 ER PT J AU Han, YMY Leung, WWM Wong, CK Lam, JMK Cheung, MC Chan, AS AF Han, Yvonne M. Y. Leung, Winnie Wing-man Wong, Chun Kwok Lam, Joseph M. K. Cheung, Mei-Chun Chan, Agnes S. TI Lymphocyte subset alterations related to executive function deficits and repetitive stereotyped behavior in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Immune function; Neuropsychological function; Autism ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMMUNE FACTORS; CHILDREN; ANTIBODIES; DISEASES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ACTIVATION; AUTOIMMUNE; TOWER AB Increasing evidence suggests that immunological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined whether immunological abnormalities are associated with cognitive deficits in children with ASD. Eighteen high-functioning (HFA) and 19 low-functioning (LFA) children with ASD, aged 8-17 years, were assessed on cognitive functioning using IQ tests and executive functions tests including the Five Point test, Children Color Trail-making Test, D2 Test of Concentration, Tower of California Test; Hong Kong List Learning Test, and Go/No-Go test. They were also assessed on autoimmune symptoms, reported by their parents; and immunological measures including T lymphocytes (CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), T helper lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+), suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), and natural killer (NK) cells (CD-3CD16+ and/or CD56+). LFA children showed greater deficits in executive functions as well as higher levels of total lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte levels than HFA children (all p < 0.05). Their executive functions were also significantly associated with the three lymphocyte levels (all p < 0.05). These findings support the notion that altered immune functions may act on the neural tissues of individuals with ASD, which in turn leads to their cognitive dysfunctions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Yvonne M. Y.; Leung, Winnie Wing-man; Chan, Agnes S.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wong, Chun Kwok] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem Pathol, Prince Wales Hosp, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lam, Joseph M. K.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Surg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cheung, Mei-Chun] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text & Clothing, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Agnes S.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Integrat Neuropsychol Rehabil Ctr, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 486 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.013 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800055 ER PT J AU Hodgetts, S Magill-Evans, J Misiaszek, J AF Hodgetts, Sandra Magill-Evans, Joyce Misiaszek, John TI Effects of weighted vests on classroom behavior for children with autism and cognitive impairments SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Weighted vests; Sensory modulation; Participation; Classroom behavior ID SENSORY MODULATION DISORDER; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; EFFICACY AB This randomized controlled single-case study investigated the effects of weighted vests for 10 children with autism in a classroom setting. Blinded observers rated targeted behaviors through video taken during structured table-top activities typically part of the classroom routine. Blinded teachers rated each child's behavior with the Conners' Global Index following each phase of the study. Unblinded educational aides provided subjective feedback about the effects of weighted vest. Objective data provided evidence to support the use of weighted vests to decrease off-task behavior for some participants. Weighted vests did not improve sitting in any participant. Subjectively, all aides reported that weighted vests were effective in improving classroom behaviors in all participants at least some of the time. All teachers and aides reported that weighted vests were appropriate modalities to use in the classroom and wanted to continue using weighted vests following the study. Some children benefited from the weighted vests; however, effects were not strong or consistent across participants. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.015 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800056 ER PT J AU Dixon, DR Tarbox, J Najdowski, AC Wilke, AE Granpeesheh, D AF Dixon, Dennis R. Tarbox, Jonathan Najdowski, Adel C. Wilke, Arthur E. Granpeesheh, Doreen TI A comprehensive evaluation of language for early behavioral intervention programs: The reliability of the SKILLS Language Index SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Assessment; Autism; Language; EIBI ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; MOTOR AB Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) is a well-established treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is thus widely recommended. However, the content of EIBI programs presumably varies considerably and may not always be tailored to the individual strengths and deficits of each child. Few assessment tools exist (and none have been psychometrically evaluated) which attempt to identify appropriate targets for treatment in EIBI programs. The current study evaluated the reliability of the subscales of the SKILLS Language Index, an assessment tool for EIBI programs. Results demonstrated excellent internal consistency, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RP Dixon, DR (reprint author), 19019 Ventura Blvd, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.016 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800057 ER PT J AU Fava, L Strauss, K AF Fava, Leonardo Strauss, Kristin TI Cross-setting complementary staff- and parent-mediated Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention for young children with autism: A research-based comprehensive approach SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early Intensive Behavior Intervention; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Applied behavior analysis-verbal behavior; Treatment provision; Developmental disabilities ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OUTCOMES; METAANALYSIS; ACQUISITION; PREDICTORS; CHECKLIST; PRESCHOOL; PROGRAMS; STRESS AB Although, recent reviews and outcome research support empirical evidence for Early Intensive Behavior Intervention in University and community settings, research has also indicated that not all intensive behavioral service provisions are equally effective. Therefore, it was necessary to comprehend key variables that are common to empirically validated programs. This paper provides a research-based comprehensive EIBI model which has been recently implemented in Italy. Important components include post-diagnostic provision, complementary treatment in clinical setting by professionals and parent-mediated in the child's natural environment, treatment based on applied behavior analysis-verbal behavior, staff and parent training, as well as evaluation of progress. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fava, Leonardo] Fdn Handicap Dopodinoi Onlus, I-00193 Rome, Italy. [Strauss, Kristin] Autism Res Ctr Una Breccia Nel Muro, Rome, Italy. RP Fava, L (reprint author), Fdn Handicap Dopodinoi Onlus, Borgo Pio 10, I-00193 Rome, Italy. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 512 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.017 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800058 ER PT J AU Lin, JD Lin, LP Sung, CL Wu, JL AF Lin, Jin-Ding Lin, Lan-Ping Sung, Chang-Lin Wu, Jia-Ling TI Aged and dependency ratios among autism, intellectual disability and other disabilities: 10-year trend analysis SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Dependency ratio; Child dependency ratio; Aged dependency ratio; Index of aging; Disability ID CARE UTILIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PEOPLE; TAIWAN; HEALTH; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; TAIPEI; ADULTS AB Dependency ratios are useful as general indicators of future economic and social health. The present paper focuses on the description of dependency ratios and over time change in different kind of disability which include autism, intellectual disability, vision, hearing, and limb impairments. We analyzed data mainly from the public web-access information which collected by the Taiwan MOI. We analyzed the national register data in two ways for 2000-2009: the Disabled Population by Aged and Grade and the Taiwan General Population by Age, to examine the dependent ratios in disabilities. The dependency ratio measures the percentage of dependent people (not of working age)/number of people of working age (economically active), and it is decomposed into the child dependency ratio, the aged dependency ratio and index of aging. The results found the aged dependency ratios in general or disabled population were significantly increased in 2000-2009. Vision, hearing and limb disabilities had the higher aging index in all disabilities. Intellectual disability and autistic cases were relatively younger age population than other disabilities. However, the trend test revealed that child dependency ratio in autism decrease significantly as the identified case number increase during the past 10 years. Many reasons were discussed in the context of the trend changes. Finally, the results highlights that the increasing dependency ratio trends revealed that we are facing an aging population, the social security system need to provide for a significantly older and non-working population. The future study should consider the indicators such as the number of people receiving disability benefits or the use of disability-adjusted life years, they would provide more accurate for tracking dependency in the society. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Jin-Ding; Sung, Chang-Lin] Natl Def Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lin, Lan-Ping] Natl Def Med Ctr, Grad Inst Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wu, Jia-Ling] Chung Hua Fdn Persons Intellectual Disabil, Res Ctr Intellectual Disabil Taiwan, Taipei Cty, Taiwan. RP Lin, JD (reprint author), Natl Def Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 161 Min Chun E Rd,Sec 6, Taipei, Taiwan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.018 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800059 ER PT J AU Mehtar, M Mukaddes, NM AF Mehtar, Mohamad Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli TI Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in individuals with diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Trauma; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Autism; Abuse ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-PEOPLE; RATING-SCALE; ABUSE; PTSD; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY AB Although children and adolescents with developmental disabilities are said to have higher risks of abuse than those without, trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are little examined in those diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Our study aims to assess trauma types, prevalence, risk factors and symptoms: and PTSD in individuals with diagnosis of ASD. Participants were 69 children and adolescents (53 males, 16 females) who were consecutively followed-up at our clinic and met DSM-IV criteria for ASD. Assessment was done using semi-structured interview forms. 18 had trauma history and 12 were diagnosed with PTSD. Witnessing or being a victim of accidents/disasters/violence was the most common type of trauma. Interestingly, the rate of sexual and/or physical abuse was less than in the general population. Trauma history and PTSD rates were higher in girls than boys. Deterioration in social and communicative abilities, increase in stereotypes, aggression, distractibility, sleep disorders, agitation, hyperactivity, self-injury, and loss of self-care skills were the most common symptoms detected following trauma. These results underscore the importance of detailed assessment of behavioral and emotional problems in this group by ruling out any trauma history at periods which might otherwise be misdiagnosed as an exacerbation of symptoms of ASD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehtar, Mohamad; Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli] Istanbul Univ, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Istanbul Fac Med, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Mukaddes, NM (reprint author), Valikonagi Cad Ece Apt 106,D 13, TR-80200 Istanbul, Turkey. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.020 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800061 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Yamamoto, J Noro, F AF Takahashi, Kosuke Yamamoto, Jun'ichi Noro, Fumiyuki TI Stimulus pairing training in children with autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Stimulus pairing training; Matching to sample; Children with autism spectrum disorder ID MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE; EQUIVALENCE-RELATIONS; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION; INDIVIDUALS; ADULTS AB In early training for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks are widely used to teach various language and cognitive skills. However, some problems in conducting MTS training for children with developmental disabilities are also recognized. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of stimulus pairing training as a training procedure for children with ASDs. Two boys with ASDs participated in this study. During the stimulus pairing training trial, the children observed only two corresponding stimuli were paired successively. Participant's learning as a result of stimulus pairing training was assessed by MTS tests, which were conducted immediately after the training. In this study, visual-visual and visual-auditory stimulus relations were trained in stimulus pairing training. As a result, both participants could learn the stimulus relations by stimulus pairing training. The effectiveness and efficiency of the pairing training procedure and some issues to be considered in applying this procedure for children with ASDs are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Kosuke; Noro, Fumiyuki] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Yamamoto, Jun'ichi] Keio Univ, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1080073, Japan. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.021 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800062 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Cui, Y Parrila, R AF Wang, Shin-Yi Cui, Ying Parrila, Rauno TI Examining the effectiveness of peer-mediated and video-modeling social skills interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis in single-case research using HLM SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social skills interventions; Autism spectrum disorders; Meta-analysis ID HIERARCHICAL LINEAR-MODELS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EFFECT SIZES; TRAINING-PROGRAM; SUBJECT DESIGNS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEHAVIORS; INCREASE; STUDENTS AB Social interaction is a fundamental problem for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Various types of social skills interventions have been developed and used by clinicians to promote the social interaction in children with ASD. This meta-analysis used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to examine the effectiveness of peer-mediated and video-modeling approaches, the two approaches that are most commonly used for social skills training of children with ASD. The two approaches, with the average effect size of 1.27 (peer-mediated approach: mean = 1.3, 95% CL = 1.10-1.50, N = 9; video-modeling approach: mean = 1.22, 95% CL = 0.65-1.78, N = 5) were found to significantly and equally improve the social performance of children with ASD. In addition, age functioned as a significant moderator in the effectiveness of the intervention. Implications of the results and limitations of this study are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Shin-Yi; Cui, Ying; Parrila, Rauno] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Univ Alberta, 6-102 Educ N, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.023 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800064 ER PT J AU Lin, JD Sung, CL Lin, LP Hsu, SW Chien, WC Su, SL Wu, JL AF Lin, Jin-Ding Sung, Chang-Lin Lin, Lan-Ping Hsu, Shang-Wei Chien, Wu-Chien Su, Sui-Lung Wu, Jia-Ling TI Ten-year trend analysis of autism severity: A nationwide population-based register study SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autism severity; Disability prevalence ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; TAIWAN AB The severity of autism spectrum disorder was strongly related to the education and service outcome. Without a clear profile of autistic population and its change, efforts to understand its nature and improve the quality of service or education will be impossible. The present study aims to describe the over time reported rate of autism severity based on a nationwide population-based 10 years register data in Taiwan. We obtained the national register data-the Disabled Population by Aged and Grade and the Taiwan General Population by Age to examine the overtime trend change of autism severity from 2000 to 2009. Results showed that the reported prevalence of autistic cases significantly increased from 0.93 to 3.96 per 10,000 population in 2000-2009. The group of mild disability grade was significant increasing from 33.4% to 56.2% in percentage of four disability levels in the year of 2000 and 2009, the other groups were decreasing percentage significantly at the same period (p < 0.001 in linear trend tests). However, the gender difference in the number of autism in all disability severity needed to be measured in the future study. The study highlights that it is needed to measure the effect of autism severity on the healthcare and education needs in the near future, to improve the quality service for people with autism spectrum disorder. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Jin-Ding; Sung, Chang-Lin; Chien, Wu-Chien; Su, Sui-Lung] Natl Def Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lin, Lan-Ping] Natl Def Med Ctr, Grad Inst Life Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Hsu, Shang-Wei] Asia Univ, Grad Inst Healthcare Adm, Taichung Cty, Taiwan. [Wu, Jia-Ling] Chung Hua Fdn Persons Intellectual Disabil, Res Ctr Intellectual Disabil Taiwan, Taipei Cty, Taiwan. RP Lin, JD (reprint author), Natl Def Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. 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A., 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V55, P481 Yen CF, 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1354, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.06.002 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.024 PG 5 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800065 ER PT J AU Fabio, RA Oliva, P Murdaca, AM AF Fabio, Rosa Angela Oliva, Patrizia Murdaca, Anna Maria TI Systematic and emotional contents in overselectivity processes in autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Stimulus overselectivity; Attention; Extreme male brain ID STIMULUS OVER-SELECTIVITY; FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; REPRESENTATION; EXTINCTION; BEHAVIOR; MIND AB A deficit in social interaction, along with restricted interests and impaired communication, is one of the core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (American Psychiatric Association - DSM IV-TR, 2002). Also a deficit in empathy has been repeatedly described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and, more in depth, in their unaffected relatives. The aim of this study is to verify the extreme male brain theory (EMB) of autism (Baron-Cohen, 2002, 2006, 2009) according to which the autistic subjects show an "extreme male brain", focusing their choices on systematic contents rather than on emotional ones. 10 autistic children and 10 mental age-matched children had to choose individual target stimuli and to recognize these contents individually. The participants correctly select the individual target stimuli. Moreover, the results are partially in agreement with Baron-Cohen theory, autistic subjects are able to recognize systematic stimuli as well as the emotional ones, but they were slower to select them. Partially consistent with previous studies on autism, implications of the study's findings are discussed in terms of Baron-Cohen's theory. Future studies need to examine more advanced prospective relating the construct of overselectivity to working memory and executive function across developmental stage. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fabio, Rosa Angela; Oliva, Patrizia; Murdaca, Anna Maria] Univ Messina, Dept Pedag & Psychol Sci, I-98100 Messina, Italy. RP Fabio, RA (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dept Pedag & Psychol Sci, Via Concez 6-8, I-98100 Messina, Italy. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800066 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, T Okuyama, M Funahashi, K AF Fujiwara, Takeo Okuyama, Makiko Funahashi, Keiichi TI Factors influencing time lag between first parental concern and first visit to child psychiatric services in children with autism spectrum disorders in Japan SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Pervasive development disorders; Asperger's syndrome; Child psychiatry; Mental health system ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HEALTH-CARE; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; INTERVENTION; PEDIATRICIAN; ACCESS AB The early assessment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is important to improving patient outcomes, allowing family members to prepare for and cope with symptoms, and assisting in plans for appropriate educational opportunities. However, little is known about factors that influence the time lag between the parents' first concerns and the first visit to a hospital that offers child psychiatric service. We investigated factors associated with the time lag between the first parental concern and the first visit to a hospital that offers child psychiatric services, among children in Japan with ASDs. A questionnaire was distributed to caregivers of ASD children, through child psychiatrists who work at 16 leading hospitals in child psychiatric services in Japan (N = 1513). We found that a younger child age, a caregiver's lack of knowledge of whom to consult when first concerned about symptoms, and the typically indirect means of attaining services (especially without a referral) each heightened the odds of there being a longer time lag. Visiting another institution, and then going to a hospital that offers child psychiatric services without a referral, was a typical scenario that often led to such time lags. A national health policy to facilitate a referral system that coordinates hospitals that offer child psychiatric services with other medical institutions, the health sector, the welfare sector, and educational institutions is needed, to promote the timely provision of child psychiatric services. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujiwara, Takeo] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Sect Behav Sci, Dept Hlth Promot, Wako, Saitama 3510197, Japan. [Okuyama, Makiko; Funahashi, Keiichi] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Psychosocial Med, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1570197, Japan. RP Fujiwara, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Sect Behav Sci, Dept Hlth Promot, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 3510197, Japan. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.002 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800067 ER PT J AU Perry, A Cummings, A Geier, JD Freeman, NL Hughes, S Managhan, T Reitzel, JA Williams, J AF Perry, Adrienne Cummings, Anne Geier, Jennifer Dunn Freeman, Nancy L. Hughes, Susan Managhan, Tom Reitzel, Jo-Ann Williams, Janis TI Predictors of outcome for children receiving intensive behavioral intervention in a large, community-based program SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI); Predictors; Outcomes; Effectiveness Study ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; AGE AB This study reports on predictors of outcome in 332 children, aged 2-7 years, enrolled in the community-based Intensive Behavioral Intervention (IBI) program in Ontario, Canada. Data documenting children's progress were reported in an earlier publication (Perry et al., 2008). The present paper explores the degree to which four predictors (measured at intake to IBI) are related to children's outcomes: age at entry, IQ, adaptive scores, and autism severity. Outcome variables examined include: post-treatment scores for: autism severity, adaptive behavior, cognitive level, rate of development in IBI, and categorical progress/outcomes (seven subgroups). All four types of predictors were related to children's outcomes, although initial cognitive level was the strongest predictor. In addition, two subgroups of the sample are examined further. Children who were most successful in the program and achieved average functioning had higher developmental levels at intake, were considerably younger than the rest of the children, and were in treatment longer than children in other outcome categories. Children who were least successful in the program and made essentially no progress did not differ appreciably from the remainder of the group. Implications of these results for decision-making are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, Adrienne] York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 592 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.003 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800068 ER PT J AU Kuzmanovic, B Schilbach, L Lehnhardt, FG Bente, G Vogeley, K AF Kuzmanovic, Bojana Schilbach, Leonhard Lehnhardt, Fritz-Georg Bente, Gary Vogeley, Kai TI A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Impression formation; High-functioning autism; Verbal; Nonverbal ID PERSON PERCEPTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; BEHAVIOR; INTELLIGENCE; MOVEMENT; INDIVIDUALS; ATTRIBUTION; DEPRESSION; COGNITION AB Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuzmanovic, Bojana; Schilbach, Leonhard; Lehnhardt, Fritz-Georg; Vogeley, Kai] Univ Hosp Cologne, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-50924 Cologne, Germany. [Bente, Gary] Univ Cologne, Dept Psychol, D-5000 Cologne 41, Germany. RP Kuzmanovic, B (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cologne, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Kerpener Str 62, D-50924 Cologne, Germany. EM bojana.kuzmanovic@uk-koeln.de RI Schilbach, Leonhard/G-5832-2010; Vogeley, K/E-4860-2012 OI Schilbach, Leonhard/0000-0001-5547-8309; Vogeley, K/0000-0002-5891-5831 CR Baron-Cohen S., 2003, ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE Baron-Cohen S, 1999, EUR J NEUROSCI, V11, P1891, DOI 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00621.x Beck A. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800069 ER PT J AU Mehzabin, P Stokes, MA AF Mehzabin, Prianka Stokes, Mark A. TI Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with High-Functioning Autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High-Functioning Autism; Sexuality; Adolescence; Social function ID PARENTAL PERSPECTIVE; INTERNET; ADOLESCENTS; RELIABILITY; EXPERIENCE; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; VALIDITY; DISORDER; ONLINE AB The literature has revealed that autistic persons of all ages show an interest in sexuality and relationships, but the poor social and communication skills found among those with autism hinders the experience of this. Unfortunately, most research to date in this domain has relied exclusively upon parental or caregiver reports. Thus there remains a need for research to be undertaken in this area based on direct reports from autistic individuals. We hypothesised that compared to Typically Developing (TD) persons, persons with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) would reveal lesser levels of sexual experience, lower levels of sexual and social behaviour, and less understanding of privacy on various subscales of the Sexualised Behaviour Scale. The results of this present study supported the hypothesis on all scales except Privacy and Sexualised Behaviour. Overall, compared to TD individuals, HFA individuals engaged in fewer social behaviours, had less sex education and fewer sexual experiences, had more pronounced concerns for the future, and showed similar levels of privacy knowledge and public sexualised behaviour. These findings suggest a need for specialised sex education programs for autistic populations; further, since social behaviour was significantly lower for autistic individuals and future concerns were higher, this suggests that sex education programs need to incorporate education about social rules to enhance social communication and understanding. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mehzabin, Prianka; Stokes, Mark A.] Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. RP Stokes, MA (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Psychol, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM mark.stokes@deakin.edu.au CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th ATTWOOD T, 1998, COMPLETE GUIDE ASPER Carrington S., 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P211, DOI 10.1177/10883576030180040201 Fortson BL, 2006, J TRAUMA STRESS, V19, P709, DOI 10.1002/jts.20165 Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES MY Henault I., 2005, ASPERGERS SYNDROME S Keppel G., 1991, DESIGN ANAL RES HDB Knickmeyer RC, 2006, J CHILD NEUROL, V21, P825, DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00213 Konstantareas MM, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P397, DOI 10.1023/A:1025805405188 Losh M, 2006, DEV PSYCHOL, V42, P809, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.809 *NAT I MENT HLTH, 2008, AUT SPECTR DIS OUSLEY OY, 1991, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V21, P471, DOI 10.1007/BF02206871 Prior M, 1998, AUTISM PERVASIVE DEV, P64 Riva G, 2003, CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV, V6, P73, DOI 10.1089/109493103321167983 RUBLE LA, 1993, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V22, P229, DOI 10.1007/BF01541768 Stokes M, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1969, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0344-2 Stokes MA, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P266, DOI 10.1177/1362361305053258 Tabachnick B., 2007, USING MULTIVARIATE S, V5th Vallejo MA, 2007, J MED INTERNET RES, V9, DOI 10.2196/jmir.9.1.e2 VanBourgondien ME, 1997, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V27, P113, DOI 10.1023/A:1025883622452 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.006 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800070 ER PT J AU Sanna, KG Eira, JV Alice, C Rachel, PW Katja, J Marja-Leena, M Jukka, R Hanna, E David, P Irma, M AF Sanna, Kuusikko-Gauffin Eira, Jansson-Verkasalo Alice, Carter Rachel, Pollock-Wurman Katja, Jussila Marja-Leena, Mattila Jukka, Rahko Hanna, Ebeling David, Pauls Irma, Moilanen TI Face memory and object recognition in children with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome and in their parents SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Face memory; Children; Object; Recognition; Parent ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; PATTERNS AB Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have reported to have impairments in face, recognition and face memory, but intact object recognition and object memory. Potential abnormalities, in these fields at the family level of high-functioning children with ASD remains understudied despite, the ever-mounting evidence that ASDs are genetic and highly heritable disorders. Recent studies indicate also that face perception is heritability ability, thus impairments in facial memory may be, inherited from parents with or without ASD symptoms. We studied 45 high-functioning children with, ASD (M = 11.5 years) and 26 of their parents as well as 70 control community children (M = 12.4 years), and 73 of their parents. Three subtests of the Developmental Neuropsychological Evaluation (NEPSY), were administered. Results indicate that younger children with ASD (<11.9 years old) had poorer, facial memory than their control counterparts and that the facial memory improves with age in, children with ASD. Adolescents with ASD (>11.9 years) performed better than their community, counterparts in visual object recognition. Parents of children with ASD share weakness in facial, memory ability and strength in visual object recognition with their children. Thus, families with, HFA/AS may benefit interventions of social cognition and attentional strategy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sanna, Kuusikko-Gauffin; Eira, Jansson-Verkasalo; Katja, Jussila; Marja-Leena, Mattila; Jukka, Rahko; Hanna, Ebeling; Irma, Moilanen] Univ Oulu, Oys 90029, Finland. [Eira, Jansson-Verkasalo] Univ Hosp Oulu, Neurocognit Unit, Oys 90029, Finland. [Alice, Carter] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Rachel, Pollock-Wurman; David, Pauls] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rachel, Pollock-Wurman; David, Pauls] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Sanna, Kuusikko-Gauffin; Katja, Jussila; Marja-Leena, Mattila; Jukka, Rahko; Hanna, Ebeling; Irma, Moilanen] Univ Hosp Oulu, Clin Child Psychiat, Oys 90029, Finland. RP Sanna, KG (reprint author), Univ Oulu, POB 26, Oys 90029, Finland. 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Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.007 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800071 ER PT J AU Summers, J Tarbox, J Findel-Pyles, RS Wilke, AE Bergstrom, R Williams, WL AF Summers, Jay Tarbox, Jonathan Findel-Pyles, Rachel S. Wilke, Arthur E. Bergstrom, Ryan Williams, W. Larry TI Teaching two household safety skills to children with autism SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Safety skill; Behavioral skills training; Doorbell; Cleaning chemicals AB Appropriate reactions to potentially hazardous situations may help prevent children from incurring injury or abduction. However, children with autism and other developmental disorders may not develop safety skills without explicit intervention. This study used a simple behavioral skills training package for teaching children with autism to respond in a safe manner to doorbells and to the presence of household cleaning chemicals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Summers, Jay; Williams, W. Larry] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Findel-Pyles, Rachel S.] Chicago Sch Profess Psychol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Tarbox, J (reprint author), Ctr Autism & Related Disorders Res & Dev, 19019 Ventura Blvd,3rd Floor, Tarzana, CA 91356 USA. EM j.tarbox@centerforautism.com CR Bronstein AC, 2009, CLIN TOXICOL, V47, P911, DOI 10.3109/15563650903438566 Coyne-Beasley T, 2005, AM J PREV MED, V28, P109, DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.013 Dixon DR, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P985, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.03.007 GAST DL, 1993, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V59, P301 Gunby KV, 2010, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V43, P107, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-107 MILTENBERGER RG, 1988, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V21, P81, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1988.21-81 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 629 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.0013 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800072 ER PT J AU de Alba, MJG Bodfish, JW AF de Alba, Mario J. Gaspar Bodfish, James W. TI Addressing parental concerns at the initial diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Parent; Concern; Diagnosis ID CHILDREN AB The core deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include socialization, communication, and the presence of repetitive, stereotypical interests and behaviors. In addition to these core problems the autism spectrum includes a variety of possible developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, medical issues, and co-morbid psychiatric disorders. As each child may present with a unique set of difficulties, it may be difficult for clinicians to adequately address each families concerns at the time of diagnosis. The object of this study was to assess what problems were of foremost important to parents at the time of their child's ASD diagnosis and to determine how well they felt those concerns were addressed during the diagnostic process. Four-hundred and thirty-eight parents of children with an ASD completed web-based surveys collecting demographic information and assessing areas of concern and how well those concerns were addressed at diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, core deficits were of most important to respondents but were considered well addressed only about half of the time. Also important was discussing information about treatments options with the diagnosing clinician. Clinicians could better address the core deficits in autism and their treatment options at the time they make an ASD diagnosis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [de Alba, Mario J. Gaspar; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev & Learning, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [de Alba, Mario J. Gaspar; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP de Alba, MJG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev & Learning, CB 7255, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mario.gaspardealba@cdl.unc.edu; jim.bodfish@cidd.unc.edu CR Carbone PS, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P317, DOI DOI 10.1007/S10803-009-0874-5 Dillman D. A., 2007, MAIL INTERNET SURVEY, V2nd Kogan MD, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, P1395, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1522 Leyfer OT, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P849, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 Mandell DS, 2005, PEDIATRICS, V116, P1480, DOI 10.1542/peds.2005-0185 Osborne LA, 2008, AUTISM, V12, P309, DOI 10.1177/1362361307089517 Richdale AL, 2009, SLEEP MED REV, V13, P403, DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.02.003 Valicenti-McDermott MD, 2008, PEDIATR NEUROL, V39, P392, DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.019 Wiggins LD, 2006, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V27, pS79, DOI 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00005 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.009 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800073 ER PT J AU Kodak, T Fisher, WW Clements, A Bouxsein, KJ AF Kodak, Tiffany Fisher, Wayne W. Clements, Andrea Bouxsein, Kelly J. TI Effects of computer-assisted instruction on correct responding and procedural integrity during early intensive behavioral intervention SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Computer-assisted instruction; Early intensive behavioral intervention; Generalization training; Procedural integrity; Staff training; Therapist training ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; RETARDED-CHILDREN; TIME-DELAY; ACQUISITION; VOCABULARY; TEACHERS; PARENTS AB Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is used to teach a variety of skills to children with developmental disabilities. However, it remains unclear whether CAI or direct instruction from a therapist produces better learning outcomes. In addition, no studies have evaluated the ease of training therapists to implement CAI versus direct instruction. In the first experiment, the current study compared acquisition of mastered and unmastered targets during generalization training with CAI or one-on-one instruction with a child diagnosed with autism. Although correct responding was similar across CAI and one-on-one instruction, independent responding was higher during CAI. In the second experiment, we compared procedural integrity during teaching trials conducted either via CAI or one-on-one instruction by three inexperienced therapists. The therapists read a protocol and asked questions prior to implementation of the instructional trials. Results indicated that each therapist implemented CAI with 90-100% accuracy by the second session, whereas procedural integrity levels were 60% or lower during one-on-one instruction. The advantages of using CAI to promote independent responding during generalization training and procedural integrity for inexperience therapists are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kodak, Tiffany] UNMC, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Munroe Meyer Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Kodak, T (reprint author), UNMC, Ctr Autism Spectrum Disorders, Munroe Meyer Inst, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM tkodak@unmc.edu CR ALLEN CJ, 1973, BEHAV THER, V4, P570 Bosseler A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P653, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006002.82367.4f CHARLOP MH, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P155, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-155 CHEN SHA, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P368 Clark KM, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P503, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-503 GARCIA E, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P137, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-137 HALLE JW, 1979, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V12, P431, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-431 *HEADSPR, EARL READ Ingvarsson ET, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P203, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.18-05 Karsten AM, 2009, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V42, P327, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-327 KOEGEL RL, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-197 Moore JW, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.24-06 Moore M, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P359, DOI 10.1023/A:1005535602064 Mueller MM, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P545, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-545 Smith T, 1999, CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR, V6, P33, DOI 10.1093/clipsy/6.1.33 STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 STOKES TF, 1974, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V7, P599, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-599 Williams C, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P71, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006001006 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 640 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.011 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800074 ER PT J AU Pan, CY AF Pan, Chien-Yu TI The efficacy of an aquatic program on physical fitness and aquatic skills in children with and without autism spectrum disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Aquatic program; Physical fitness; Motor skills ID AGE; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH; DISABILITIES; ABILITY AB This study evaluated the efficacy of a 14-week aquatic program on physical fitness and aquatic skills for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their siblings without a disability. Children with ASD (n = 15) and their siblings (n = 15), between 7 and 12 years (8.55 +/- 2.19 years) participated. In the first 14-week phase, 14 children (group A: ASD, n = 7; siblings, n = 7) received the aquatic program while 16 children (group B; ASD, n = 8; siblings, n = 8) did not. The arrangement was reversed in the second phase of another 14 weeks. Both groups continued their regular treatments/activities throughout the study. Improvements were seen in aquatic skills and physical fitness components except subtest body composition for group A and group B subsequent to aquatic program. The results provide evidence that intervention can be developed to promote motor skills and physical fitness components for children with ASD and their siblings. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. RP Pan, CY (reprint author), Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Dept Phys Educ, 116 He Ping 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan. EM chpan@nknucc.nknu.edu.tw CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Barnett LM, 2008, INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY, V5, DOI 10.1186/1479-5868-5-40 Bass M, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1261, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0734-3 Becker BE, 2004, COMPREHENSIVE AQUATI Cairney J, 2006, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V23, P261 Cantell M, 2008, HUM MOVEMENT SCI, V27, P344, DOI 10.1016/j.humov.2008.02.007 Getz M, 2007, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V22, P217, DOI 10.1080/08856250701269705 Haga M, 2008, PHYSIOTHERAPY, V94, P253, DOI 10.1016/j.physio.2007.04.011 HAYWOOD K. M., 2005, LIFE SPAN MOTOR DEV, V4th Houwen S, 2009, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V41, P103, DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318183389d Huettig C., 2004, PALAESTRA, V20, P45 Huettig C., 2004, PALAESTRA, V20, P20 Humphries K. 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P., 1999, BROCKPORT PHYS FITNE Wrotniak BH, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE1758, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-0742 Wuang YP, 2010, ADAPT PHYS ACT Q, V27, P113 Yilmaz I, 2004, PEDIATR INT, V46, P624, DOI 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01938.x NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.08.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800076 ER PT J AU Stevens, C Sidener, TM Reeve, SA Sidener, DW AF Stevens, Colleen Sidener, Tina M. Reeve, Sharon A. Sidener, David W. TI Effects of behavior-specific and general praise, on acquisition of tacts in children with pervasive developmental disorders SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Praise; Tokens; Tacts; Autism AB Although behavior-specific praise is commonly recommended for use in clinical and educational settings for individuals with autism, only one study was found that compared the effects of behavior-specific praise and general praise with individuals with developmental disabilities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of behavior-specific and general praise on the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of tacts in two children with autism. Results indicated negligible differences between tokens only, behavior-specific praise plus tokens, and general praise plus tokens conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sidener, Tina M.] Caldwell Coll, Dept Appl Behav Anal, Caldwell, NJ 07006 USA. RP Sidener, TM (reprint author), Caldwell Coll, Dept Appl Behav Anal, 120 Bloomfield Ave, Caldwell, NJ 07006 USA. EM tsidener@caldwell.edu CR Chalk K., 2004, ED PSYCHOL PRACTICE, V20, P335, DOI DOI 10.1080/0266736042000314277 CUMMINGS AR, 2005, THESIS W MICHIGAN U DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Dunn L. M., 2007, PEABODY PICTURE VOCA FUEYO V, 1975, PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL, V40, P963 FUOCO FJ, 1988, BEHAV RESIDENTIAL TR, V3, P267, DOI 10.1002/bin.2360030404 LOVAAS OI, 1966, J EXP CHILD PSYCHOL, V4, P109, DOI 10.1016/0022-0965(66)90011-7 MCCLANNAHAN LE, 2004, USING EVIDENCE SOCIA, P92 MCGEE GG, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-329 REIMERS TM, 1992, SCHOOL PSYCHOL REV, V21, P628 Sindelar P. T., 1985, ED TREATMENT CHILDRE, V8, P67 Sutherland KS, 2000, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V8, P2, DOI 10.1177/106342660000800101 Williams K. T., 2007, EXPRESSIVE VOCABULAR NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-9467 J9 RES AUTISM SPECT DIS JI Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.08.003 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800077 ER PT J AU Shillingsburg, MA Valentino, AL Bowen, CN Bradley, D Zavatkay, D AF Shillingsburg, M. Alice Valentino, Amber L. Bowen, Crystal N. Bradley, Danielle Zavatkay, Dana TI Teaching children with autism to request information SO RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Establishing operations; Generalization; Language acquisition; Mands; Question asking; Requests ID QUESTION-ASKING; ACQUISITION AB Question asking behavior, or requesting information, is often deficient in children with autism and can prove challenging to teach. Currently, there exists a paucity of research regarding the types of teaching strategies that are effective in teaching children with autism this crucial skill. The purpose of the present study was to examine strategies to teach two children with autism to request information using "when?: "who?," "where?," and "which?" Results indicated successful acquisition and maintenance of all 'wh' questions. Generalization to untaught scenarios within the same request form was observed more quickly when a general response topography was taught than when a specific response topography was taught. The applied value of the current findings is discussed as well as areas for future research. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shillingsburg, M. Alice; Valentino, Amber L.; Bowen, Crystal N.; Bradley, Danielle; Zavatkay, Dana] Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Shillingsburg, M. Alice; Zavatkay, Dana] Emory Univ, Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Shillingsburg, MA (reprint author), Childrens Healthcare Atlanta Marcus Autism Ctr, 1920 Briarcliff Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM Alice.Shillingsburg@Choa.org CR Betz AM, 2010, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V4, P501, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.11.007 BONDY AS, 1976, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V9, P108, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-108 BROWN R, 1968, J VERB LEARN VERB BE, V7, P279, DOI 10.1016/S0022-5371(68)80002-7 DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Endicott K, 2007, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V1, P210, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2006.10.003 Esbenshade P. 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PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 670 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.08.004 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 676XX UT WOS:000283953800078 ER PT J AU Cook, F Oliver, C AF Cook, Fay Oliver, Chris TI A review of defining and measuring sociability in children with intellectual disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE Intellectual disability; Sociability; Social skills; Children; Social cognition ID SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; DOWNS-SYNDROME; PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS; PEER RELATIONSHIPS; ADAPTIVE-BEHAVIOR; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME AB There is a substantial body of research indicating that compromised social functioning for individuals with intellectual disabilities has far reaching implications for quality of life, community participation and wellbeing. However, an inherent difficulty for research into social functioning is the lack of agreed definition of key concepts in the area. The current paper reviews definitions for four concepts related to the central concept of sociability (social cognition, social competence, social skills and social behaviour). By reviewing the definitions available in the wider social and cognitive psychology literature and comparing these to definitions provided in research with individuals with intellectual disabilities it is clear that concepts are poorly defined. The current article proposes working definitions which may be used give impetus to future debate in the area. The clinical implications of having implicitly understood concepts rather than definable and measurable traits are considered. The review calls for researchers to provide definitions for the concepts under investigation and their relationship to measures employed in research. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.09.021 PG 14 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600002 PM 21036013 ER PT J AU Waugh, RE Alberto, PA Fredrick, LD AF Waugh, Rebecca E. Alberto, Paul A. Fredrick, Laura D. TI Effects of error correction during assessment probes on the acquisition of sight words for students with moderate intellectual disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Simultaneous prompting; Error correction; Sight-word instruction; Moderate intellectual disabilities ID SIMULTANEOUS PROMPTING PROCEDURE; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; INSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK; SCHOOL-STUDENTS; MAINTENANCE; CHILDREN; SKILLS; TEACH; AUTISM AB Simultaneous prompting is an errorless learning strategy designed to reduce the number of errors students make; however, research has shown a disparity in the number of errors students make during instructional versus probe trials. This study directly examined the effects of error correction versus no error correction during probe trials on the effectiveness and efficiency of simultaneous prompting on the acquisition of sight words by three middle school students with moderate intellectual disabilities. A single-case adapted alternating treatments (Sindelar, Rosenberg, & Wilson, 1985) embedded in a multiple baseline across word sets design was employed to examine the effects of error correction during probe trials in order to reduce error rates. A functional relation was established for two of the three students for the use of error correction during probe sessions to reduce error rates. Error correction during assessment probes required fewer sessions to criterion, resulted in fewer probe errors, resulted in a higher percentage of correct responding on the next subsequent trial, and required less total probe time. For two of the three students, probes with error correction resulted in a more rapid acquisition rate requiring fewer sessions to criterion. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Waugh, Rebecca E.; Alberto, Paul A.; Fredrick, Laura D.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Waugh, RE (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ, 30 Pryor ST, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. EM rwaugh1@gsu.edu CR Akmanoglu N, 2004, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V39, P326 Alberto PA, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P1467, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.011 BARBETTA PM, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-111 BARBETTA PM, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P177, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-177 BARBETTA PM, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P99, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-99 Birkan B, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P68 Colozzi GA, 2008, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V43, P226 Dogan OS, 2002, RES DEV DISABIL, V23, P237, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00122-1 DREVNO GE, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P179, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-179 Fetko KS, 1999, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V34, P318 Fickel K. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.08.007 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600006 PM 20884169 ER PT J AU Lung, FW Chiang, TL Lin, SJ Feng, JY Chen, PF Shu, BC AF Lung, For-Wey Chiang, Tung-Liang Lin, Shio-Jean Feng, Jui-Ying Chen, Po-Fei Shu, Bih-Ching TI Gender differences of children's developmental trajectory from 6 to 60 months in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Child development; Gender difference; Taiwan Birth Cohort Study ID PARENTS CONCERNS; PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY; LANGUAGE; INSTRUMENT; ABILITY; DELAYS; AUTISM; SCALE AB The parental report instrument is the most efficient developmental detection method and has shown high validity with professional assessment instruments. The reliability and validity of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS) 6-, 18- and 36-month scales have already been established. In this study, the reliability and validity of the 60-month scale was tested. The gender differences in children's longitudinal gross motor, fine motor, language and social development were also investigated. Using the dataset from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study (TBCS-p), 2048 infants were followed up when they were 6-, 18-, 36- and 60-month-old. At the final stage, 1620 children were followed up. Development of the children was measured using the TBCS 6-, 18-, 36-, and 60-month developmental scales. The reconstructed TBCS 60-month scale yielded 16 items measuring children's development in the four dimensions of gross motor, fine motor, language and social. The scale yielded an internal consistency of 0.39-0.71. Structural equation modeling also showed good construct and predictive validity, in that the 6-, 18-, and 36-month scales were predictive of the 60-month scale. No gender differences between the gross motor dimension was found. Gender had an effect on the fine motor dimension at 36 and 60 months, language dimension at 36 months, and social dimension at 18,36 and 60 months. Gender had a transient effect in language development and social development a continuous effect from 18 to 60 months. Thus different gender norms may need to be established to prevent misdiagnosis. The TBCS scale is a valid and reliable developmental screening instrument that can be used in continuous surveillance of children's development in community and clinical settings from 6 months to 5 years of age. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Feng, Jui-Ying; Shu, Bih-Ching] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Nursing, Inst Allied Hlth Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Lung, For-Wey] Kaohsiung Armed Forces Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Lung, For-Wey] Natl Def Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lung, For-Wey] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Neurol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Chiang, Tung-Liang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lin, Shio-Jean] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Pediat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Chen, Po-Fei] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Psychol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Shu, Bih-Ching] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Inst Allied Hlth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Shu, BC (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Nursing, Inst Allied Hlth Sci, 1 Da Hsueh Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan. 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Dev. Disabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.09.004 PG 7 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600014 PM 20932715 ER PT J AU Vanvuchelen, M Feys, H De Weerdt, W AF Vanvuchelen, M. Feys, H. De Weerdt, W. TI Is the good-imitator-poor-talker profile syndrome-specific in Down syndrome?: Evidence from standardised imitation and language measures SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Behavioural phenotype; Developmental profile; Imitation; Language; Down Syndrome; Non-specific mental retardation; Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) ID TYPICALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SIBLING INTERACTION; AUTISM; DISORDERS; DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR; INFANTS; MEMORY AB The emergence of the Down syndrome (DS) behavioural phenotype during early development may be of great importance for early intervention. The main goal of this study was to investigate the good-imitator-poor-talker developmental profile in DS at preschool age. Twenty children with Down syndrome (DS; mean nonverbal mental age NMA 1y10 m) and 15 children with non-specific mental retardation (NS-MR; mean NMA 1y11 m) participated in this study. The Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) and the Dutch version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (N-CDI) were used to determine absolute and relative (contrasted to a nonverbal mental age reference) imitation and language abilities. Results revealed that there was clear evidence for a good-imitator-poor-talker profile in preschoolers with DS. However, only the advanced bodily imitation ability seems to be syndrome-specific. Clinical implications of these findings are considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanvuchelen, M.] VUB, Dept Rehabil Sci, Brussels, Belgium. 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The smallest detectable difference of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities of heterogeneous aetiology SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Imitation; Preschool child; Intellectual disabilities; Reliability; Smallest detectable difference; Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; STATISTICAL-METHODS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; AUTISM; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; LANGUAGE; SKILLS; JOINT; PLAY AB The teaching of imitation skills is often the first step in interventions for young learners with intellectual disabilities. The main goal of this study was to determine the smallest detectable difference (SDD) at 95% confidence of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities. Two raters independently scored videotapes of the imitation performance of 44 preschoolers (27 with Down syndrome, 10 with Non-Specific Mental Retardation and 7 with Low-functioning Autism) between 13 and 58 months of age (mean age 39.6 months, SD 11.9 months). Results revealed that the PIPS demonstrated acceptable interrater reliability on item level (weighted kappa values ranged from 0.52 to 0.96) and scale level (ICC = 0.986; 95% CI: 0.975-0.993). The SDD of the PIPS was 7.2%, indicating that the change score rated by different raters for an individual child with an intellectual disability is valid and that the PIPS can be used by early interventionists and researchers as an outcome measure to determine children's maturation or improvement. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vanvuchelen, M.] VUB, Dept Rehabil Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Vanvuchelen, M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Rehabil Sci, Louvain, Belgium. [Vochten, C.] Student Counseling & Guidance Ctr, Hasselt, Belgium. RP Vanvuchelen, M (reprint author), Sterrebos 111, B-3512 Stevoort, Belgium. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.09.019 PG 8 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600024 PM 20952157 ER PT J AU Holck, P Sandberg, AD Nettelbladt, U AF Holck, Pernille Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren Nettelbladt, Ulrika TI Narrative ability in children with cerebral palsy SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Narrative ability; Children with cerebral palsy; Assessment; Cohesion; Mazes ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; LATE TALKERS; SCHOOL-AGE; COMMUNICATION; SKILLS; COMPREHENSION; DISCOURSE; AUTISM AB In a previous study a group of children with cerebral palsy (CP) were found to have considerable difficulties with narratives, performing several standard deviations below the criteria for the Information score of the Bus Story Test (BST). To examine in depth the performance of children with CP and a control group with typically developing (TD) children on a narrative task, in order to search for possible underlying causes to the problems in the CP group. The results of the BST for 10 children with CP, mean age 7;11 years, were investigated. The analysis of the BST was supplemented with the use of the Narrative Assessment Profile (NAP) and quantitative analyses of number of words, mazes, propositions, types of conjunctions and story elements. A significant relationship between the explicitness dimension on the Narrative Assessment Profile and the BST Information score in the CP group suggested that the problems could be derived to a limited use of cohesion and a scarcity of essential information. Compared to the CP group, the TD group used significantly more causal conjunctions. The results indicate a general problem with cohesion at the textual level in the CP group. A further finding was the occurrence of a positive correlation between the use of mazes and the BST Information score in the CP group. These results have implications for the design of a more specific intervention for children, where the NAP was found to be a valuable tool in combination with the BST or other assessment materials. Further, it is shown that mazes, mostly regarded as a behaviour that not enhances speech production, for some children can be used as a means to find necessary words and pieces of information. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holck, Pernille; Nettelbladt, Ulrika] Lund Univ, Dept Logoped Phoniatr & Audiol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. [Sandberg, Annika Dahlgren] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Holck, P (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Logoped Phoniatr & Audiol, Lasarettsgatan 19, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden. 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PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.001 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600034 PM 21041064 ER PT J AU Xiong, NN Yang, L Yu, Y Hou, JX Li, J Li, YY Liu, HR Zhang, Y Jiao, ZG AF Xiong, Nina Yang, Li Yu, Yang Hou, Jiaxun Li, Jia Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Hairong Zhang, Ying Jiao, Zhengang TI Investigation of raising burden of children with autism, physical disability and mental disability in China SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; Physical disability; Mental disability; Raising burden ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMPACT AB The family economic burden of raising autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children were evaluated in China. 227 parents of children with autism, children with physical disability, children with mental disability and normal children were interviewed for children's costs, family income and economic assistance, etc. The medical cost and caring cost of disabled children were significantly more than those of normal children, and the education cost, clothes cost and amusement cost of disabled children were significantly less than those of normal children. Family income was only predicted by parents' education level. Families of disabled children received more economic assistance than families of normal children except families of autistic children. More children the family had, less economic assistance the family acquired. Compared with normal children, the raising burden of children with disabilities were as follows: children with autism (19582.4 RMB per year), children with physical disability (16410.1 RMB per year), children with mental disability (6391.0 RMB per year). Families of autistic children, physical disabled children and mental disabled children have heavier raising burden than families of normal children, they need more help from many aspects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiong, Nina; Yang, Li; Yu, Yang; Hou, Jiaxun; Li, Jia; Li, Yuanyuan; Liu, Hairong; Zhang, Ying; Jiao, Zhengang] Beijing Disabled Persons Rehabil Serv & Guidance, Beijing 100070, Peoples R China. RP Xiong, NN (reprint author), Beijing Disabled Persons Rehabil Serv & Guidance, Beijing 100070, Peoples R China. EM xnnyl@yahoo.com.cn; Yangli1368@sina.com; yuyanglala@yahoo.cn; houjiaxunla@yahoo.cn; lijialala@yahoo.cn; Linxiyy@sina.com; Liuhairong3366@sina.com; ladyzy1801@sohu.com; jiaozhengganglala@yahoo.cn CR Abbeduto L, 2004, AM J MENT RETARD, V109, P237, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2 Bouder JN, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P953, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0701-z Croen LA, 2006, PEDIATRICS, V118, pE1203, DOI 10.1542/peds.2006-0127 Honeycutt AA, 2003, RES SOC SCI DISABIL, V3, P207, DOI 10.1016/S1479-3547(03)03011-2 HUANG XY, 2009, CHINESE J SPECIAL ED, V11, P43 KANDAMUTHAN M, 2004, 91 CTR DEV STUD Kogan MD, 2008, PEDIATRICS, V122, pE1149, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-1057 Leslie DL, 2007, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V161, P350, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.350 Sivberg B, 2002, AUTISM, V6, P397, DOI 10.1177/1362361302006004006 [熊妮娜 XIONG Ni-Na], 2009, [中国心理卫生杂志, Chinese Mental Health Journal], V23, P830 YANG QY, 2007, CHINESE J REHABILITA, V13, P675 YU WY, 2009, J CHONGQING MED U, V34, P1260 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.003 PG 6 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 694RP UT WOS:000285315600039 PM 21055902 ER PT J AU Paula, CS Fombonne, E Gadia, C Tuchman, R Rosanoff, M AF Paula, Cristiane S. Fombonne, Eric Gadia, Carlos Tuchman, Robert Rosanoff, Michael TI Autism in Brazil - perspectives from science and society SO REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN C1 [Fombonne, Eric] McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. [Gadia, Carlos; Tuchman, Robert] Florida Int Univ, Herbert Wertheim Coll Med, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Gadia, Carlos] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Tuchman, Robert] Miami Childrens Hosp, Autism & Neurodev Program, Miami, FL USA. [Paula, Cristiane S.] Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Paula, CS (reprint author), Rua Consolacao,930 Consolacao, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Psiquiatria, Inct/I-1060-2013 CR Baird G, 2006, LANCET, V368, P210, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69041-7 *BRAS MIN SAUD, 2000, SUS PRINC CONQ Bryson SE, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P731, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0440-y Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V58, P1 Dawson G, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, pE17, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-0958 Dawson G, 2008, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V20, P775, DOI 10.1017/S0954579408000370 ELSABBAGH M, 2010, INT J EPIDE IN PRESS Fombonne E, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P591, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203 Ganz ML, 2007, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V161, P343, DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.4.343 King M, 2009, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V38, P1224, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyp261 Kogan MD, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, P1395, DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-1522 PAULA CS, 2010, J AUTISM DE IN PRESS Shattuck PT, 2009, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V48, P474, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819b3848 Teixeira MCTV, 2010, REV ASSOC MED BRAS, V56, P607, DOI 10.1590/S0104-42302010000500026 Tuchman R, 2002, LANCET NEUROL, V1, P352, DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00160-6 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 PU ASSOC MEDICA BRASILEIRA PI SAO PAULO PA RUA SAO CARLOS DO PINHAL 324, CAIXA POSTAL 8904, SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL SN 0104-4230 J9 REV ASSOC MED BRAS JI Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 2 EP 5 DI 10.1590/S0104-42302011000100002 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 727TP UT WOS:000287825600002 PM 21390445 ER PT J AU Fernandez, IO Gabriel, MAM Sanchez, FL Martinez, AMM AF Olza Fernandez, Ibone Marin Gabriel, Miguel Angel Lopez Sanchez, Francisco Malalana Martinez, Ana Maria TI Oxytocin and autism: a hypothesis to research. Can perinatal oxitocinergic manipulation facilitate autism? SO REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL LA Spanish DT Review DE Oxytocin; Austism; Neurobiology; Attachment; Bonding ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BREAST; RELEASE; MOTHER; WOMEN; CONSEQUENCES; VASOPRESSIN; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN AB The study of the neurohormonal and behavioral processes and neural mechanisms involved in the development of attachment between the infant and the mother has received increased attention over the last years. Oxytocin has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of affiliate social behavior, including sexual behavior, mother infant bonding and social memory and recognition. Following normal physiological vaginal birth highest levels plasmatic endogenous oxytocin are achieved, which has been related to the presence of a sensitive period which seems to facilitate bonding and initial mother and newborn attachment. Perinatal manipulation of peptidic hormones like oxytocin can have life long lasting effects on social and sexual behaviors in animal models. Disregulation of oxytocinergic system has been observed in individuals with autistic disorders. A review of the possible effects of oxytocinergic perinatal manipulation in human newborns is discussed in the present review article. The hypothesis of the possible effect of perinatal oxytocin manipulation on the ethiology of autism is discussed. (C) 2010 SEP y SEPB. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved. C1 [Olza Fernandez, Ibone] Hosp Univ Puerto Hierro, Serv Psiquiatria, Madrid, Spain. [Marin Gabriel, Miguel Angel; Malalana Martinez, Ana Maria] Hosp Univ Puerta Hierro, Serv Pediat, Madrid, Spain. [Lopez Sanchez, Francisco] Hosp Univ Puerto Hierro, Serv Obstet & Ginecol, Madrid, Spain. RP Fernandez, IO (reprint author), Hosp Univ Puerto Hierro, Serv Psiquiatria, Madrid, Spain. 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Psiquiatr. Salud Ment. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.rpsm.2010.10.004 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 751JE UT WOS:000289612500006 ER PT J AU Alos, FJ Moriana, JA Lora, MD AF Alos, Francisco J. Antonio Moriana, Juan del Mar Lora, Maria TI Compound stimuli and transfer of learning: study for a young man with autism SO REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGIA LA Spanish DT Article DE autism; verbal behaviour; conditional discriminations; simple discriminations; compound stimuli; transference ID INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATIONS; VERBAL-BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; TRANSFORMATION; ACCORDANCE; SYMMETRY; INTERVENTION; PROGRAM; SAMPLES AB An experiment carried out with a 15 year old young man diagnosed with autism is described. This research aims to evaluate the learning of the verbal operants "this", "these", "that" and "those". These functional units of language may appear as verbal stimuli shown by the researcher or as answers pronounced by the young. The analysis of the verbal interactions shows that the stimuli are part of conditional discriminations and the answers are part of simple discriminations. However, the young man must pay attention to two stimuli to give the verbal answer, the spatial position and the amount of objects in the simple discriminations described in this investigation; the discriminative stimuli must be considered as compounds in this context. The teaching method applied in this research involved the acquisition of simple discriminations and evaluated the transfer of the learning to the conditional discrimination without deliberate teaching. The data showed this phenomenon related to verbal operants including compound stimuli. 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F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV Smith T, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P269, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0269:RTOIEI>2.0.CO;2 Williams G, 2006, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V39, P233, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2006.175-04 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FOUNDATION ADVANCEMENT PSYCHOLOGY PI BOGOTA D C PA APARTADO AEREO 92621, BOGOTA D C, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0534 J9 REV LAT AM PSICOL JI Rev. Latinoam. Psicol. PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 751IN UT WOS:000289610800003 ER PT J AU Accardo, J Freedman, B Kalb, L Vaurio, RG Goldman, SE Malow, BA AF Accardo, J. Freedman, B. Kalb, L. Vaurio, R. G. Goldman, S. E. Malow, B. A. TI ADDRESSING SLEEP PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AT A MULTIDISCIPLINARY AUTISM CENTER SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Accardo, J.; Freedman, B.; Kalb, L.; Vaurio, R. G.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Goldman, S. E.; Malow, B. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0818 BP A280 EP A281 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834401066 ER PT J AU Malow, BA Adkins, K Clemons, T Goldman, SE Molloy, C Wofford, D Fawkes, D Surdyka, K AF Malow, B. A. Adkins, K. Clemons, T. Goldman, S. E. Molloy, C. Wofford, D. Fawkes, D. Surdyka, K. TI EFFECTS OF A STANDARDIZED PAMPHLET ON SLEEP LATENCY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Molloy, C.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Clemons, T.] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0794 BP A273 EP A273 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834401043 ER PT J AU Malow, BA Adkins, K Goldman, SE McGrew, SG Burnette, C Wofford, D Surdyka, K Fawkes, D Wang, L AF Malow, B. A. Adkins, K. Goldman, S. E. McGrew, S. G. Burnette, C. Wofford, D. Surdyka, K. Fawkes, D. Wang, L. TI SUPPLEMENTAL MELATONIN DECREASES SLEEP LATENCY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Malow, B. A.; Adkins, K.; Goldman, S. E.; Wofford, D.; Surdyka, K.; Fawkes, D.] Vanderbilt, Neurol, Nashville, TN USA. [McGrew, S. G.; Burnette, C.] Vanderbilt, Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Wang, L.] Vanderbilt, Biostat, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0776 BP A267 EP A267 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834401025 ER PT J AU Pelletier, M D'Antono, B Chevrette, T Mottron, L Godbout, R AF Pelletier, M. D'Antono, B. Chevrette, T. Mottron, L. Godbout, R. TI SLEEP INFLUENCE ON CARDIAC ACTIVITY IN ADULTS WITH AUTISM SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Pelletier, M.; Chevrette, T.; Godbout, R.] Hop Riviere des Prairies, Sleep Lab & Clin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [D'Antono, B.] Montreal Heart Inst, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. [Mottron, L.] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Troubles Envahissants Dev, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Pelletier, M.; Chevrette, T.; Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Hop Riviere des Prairies, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [D'Antono, B.; Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0726 BP A250 EP A250 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834400727 ER PT J AU Souders, MC Bennett, A Herrington, J AF Souders, M. C. Bennett, A. Herrington, J. TI SLEEP DISORDERS IN A COHORT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 11-15, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Souders, M. C.; Bennett, A.; Herrington, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Souders, M. C.] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2011 VL 34 SU S MA 0819 BP A281 EP A281 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 886EG UT WOS:000299834401067 ER PT J AU Schulte-Ruther, M Greimel, E Markowitsch, HJ Kamp-Becker, I Remschmidt, H Fink, GR Piefke, M AF Schulte-Ruether, Martin Greimel, Ellen Markowitsch, Hans J. Kamp-Becker, Inge Remschmidt, Helmut Fink, Gereon R. Piefke, Martina TI Dysfunctions in brain networks supporting empathy: An fMRI study in adults with autism spectrum disorders SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Emotion; Medial prefrontal cortex; Neuroimaging; Self; Theory of mind; Autism ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN FRONTAL-LOBE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIRROR NEURON; FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES; SOCIAL COGNITION; SELF-REFLECTION; SEX-DIFFERENCES; MIND; MECHANISMS AB The present study aimed at identifying dysfunctions in brain networks that may underlie disturbed empathic behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). During functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were asked to identify the emotional state observed in a facial stimulus (other-task) or to evaluate their own emotional response (self-task). Behaviorally, ASD subjects performed equally to the control group during the other-task, but showed less emotionally congruent responses in the self-task. Activations in brain regions related to theory of mind were observed in both groups. Activations of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) were located in dorsal subregions in ASD subjects and in ventral areas in control subjects. During the self-task, ASD subjects activated an additional network of frontal and inferior temporal areas. Frontal areas previously associated with the human mirror system were activated in both tasks in control subjects, while ASD subjects recruited these areas during the self-task only. Activations in the ventral MPFC may provide the basis for one's oemotional bondo with other persons' emotions. Such atypical patterns of activation may underlie disturbed empathy in individuals with ASD. Subjects with ASD may use an atypical cognitive strategy to gain access to their own emotional state in response to other people's emotions. C1 [Schulte-Ruether, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Greimel, Ellen] Univ Hosp Aachen, Aachen, Germany. [Markowitsch, Hans J.; Piefke, Martina] Univ Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut] Univ Marburg, Marburg, Germany. [Fink, Gereon R.] Univ Hosp Cologne, Cologne, Germany. RP Schulte-Ruther, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM m.schulte@fz-juelich.de RI Schulte-Ruther, Martin /F-4784-2013; Fink, Gereon/E-1616-2012 OI Schulte-Ruther, Martin /0000-0002-7198-9923; Fink, Gereon/0000-0002-8230-1856 FU Hans-Lungwitz-Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [EC 277, IRTG 1328]; European Commission [FP6-043460]; German Max Planck Society FX We are grateful to all volunteers who took part in this study. We wish to thank our colleagues in the Brain Imaging Physics (INM-4) and Cognitive Neurology groups (INM-3) at the Research Center Julich (Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine) and the Department of Child Neuropsychology of the University Hospital Aachen for their support and helpful advice. This work was supported by the Hans-Lungwitz-Foundation (grant to MP), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EC 277 to MP and HJM, IRTG 1328), the European Commission (FP6-043460 to MP and HJM), and the German Max Planck Society (research award to HR). 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Neurosci. PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1080/17470911003708032 PG 21 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 717FH UT WOS:000287028400001 PM 20945256 ER PT J AU Perlman, SB Hudac, CM Pegors, T Minshew, NJ Pelphrey, KA AF Perlman, Susan B. Hudac, Caitlin M. Pegors, Teresa Minshew, Nancy J. Pelphrey, Kevin A. TI Experimental manipulation of face-evoked activity in the fusiform gyrus of individuals with autism SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism; Face perception; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Fusiform gyrus; Amygdala ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; AMYGDALA; RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; BRAIN; FMRI; AREA AB Previous research suggests hypoactivity in response to the visual perception of faces in the fusiform gyri and amygdalae of individuals with autism. However, critical questions remain regarding the mechanisms underlying these findings. In particular, to what degree is the hypoactivation accounted for by known differences in the visual scanpaths exhibited by individuals with and without autism in response to faces? Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we report onormalizationo of activity in the right fusiform gyrus, but not the amygdalae, when individuals with autism were compelled to perform visual scanpaths that involved fixating on the eyes of a fearful face. These findings hold important implications for our understanding of social brain dysfunction in autism, theories of the role of the fusiform gyri in face processing, and the design of more effective interventions for autism. C1 [Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Perlman, Susan B.; Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Pelphrey, KA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM kevin.pelphrey@yale.edu FU NICHD Pittsburgh Autism Center for Excellence; John Merck Scholars Fund; NIMH FX We wish to thank the participants in this study who generously gave of their time to make this research possible. We also wish to thank Ami Klin, Fred Volkmar, and Sarah-Jayne Blakemore for their extremely helpful comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by the NICHD Pittsburgh Autism Center for Excellence and by the John Merck Scholars Fund. Kevin Pelphrey is supported by a career development award from the NIMH. 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As pups, they produce ultrasonic vocalizations when isolated from dam and littermates. These calls serve an important biological purpose, since they elicit search and retrieval behavior in the mother. Administration of -opioid-receptor-agonists diminishes such isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations and -opioid-receptor knock-out mouse pups (Orpm-/-) emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations during isolation than intact controls (Orpm+/+). In adulthood, male and female mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations during social interactions. However, little is known about occurrence and function of ultrasonic vocalizations produced by adult females. Here, we conducted a playback experiment in order to assess whether female ultrasonic vocalizations elicit changes in the recipient's behavior and whether a possible change in behavior is dependent on a functioning opioid system by comparing Orpm-/- mice with Orpm+/+ controls. Our results showed that female ultrasonic vocalizations elicit exploratory activity in male recipients and that elicitation of exploratory activity in response to female ultrasonic vocalizations is dependent on an intact opioid system, since such a response was not seen in Orpm-/- mice. Lack of exploratory activation seen in Orpm-/- mice is unlikely due to hearing deficits as shown by an auditory cued fear-conditioning-task. Hence, these findings support the phenotypic relevance of Orpm-/- mice for the study of autism. C1 [Woehr, Markus; Schwarting, Rainer K. W.] Univ Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Woehr, Markus; Moles, Anna; D'Amato, Francesca R.] CNR, Inst Neurosci, Rome, Italy. RP Wohr, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Gutenbergstr 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM markus.woehr@staff.uni-marburg.de FU Gustav-Adolf-Lienert-Stiftung Germany; Telethon Italy FX Thanks to Brigitte L. Kieffer for scientific support and providing animals. This work was supported by grants from the Gustav-Adolf-Lienert-Stiftung Germany (MW) and from Telethon Italy (AM and FRD). 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In this review, we critically examine evidence from three bodies of research that have been cited as supporting this notion: (1) behavioral studies that have examined the relationship between imitation and empathy, (2) findings from functional neuroimaging studies that report a positive correlation between MNS activation and self-report on an empathy questionnaire, and (3) observations of impaired imitation and empathy in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, we briefly review lesion studies of the neural correlates of imitation and empathy. Current evidence suggests that the MNS is broadly involved in empathy, but at this stage there has been limited consideration of its various forms, including motor, emotional, and cognitive empathy. There are also various forms of imitation, encompassing emotional and non-emotional, automatic, and voluntary actions. 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Amygdala dysfunction has also been implicated as a contributing factor in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), consistent with some reports of reduced eye fixations in ASD. Yet, detailed comparisons between ASD and patients with amygdala lesions have not been undertaken. Here we carried out such a comparison, using eye tracking to complex social scenes that contained faces. We presented participants with three task conditions. In the Neutral task, participants had to determine what kind of room the scene took place in. In the Describe task, participants described the scene. In the Social Attention task, participants inferred where people in the scene were directing their attention. SM spent less time looking at the eyes and much more time looking at the mouths than control subjects, consistent with earlier findings. There was also a trend for the ASD group to spend less time on the eyes, although this depended on the particular image and task. Whereas controls and SM looked more at the eyes when the task required social attention, the ASD group did not. This pattern of impairments suggests that SM looks less at the eyes because of a failure in stimulus-driven attention to social features, whereas individuals with ASD look less at the eyes because they are generally insensitive to socially relevant information and fail to modulate attention as a function of task demands. We conclude that the source of the social attention impairment in ASD may arise upstream from the amygdala, rather than in the amygdala itself. C1 [Birmingham, Elina] Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Educ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Birmingham, Elina; Adolphs, Ralph] CALTECH, Div Humanities & Social Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cerf, Moran] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Birmingham, E (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Educ, RCB 5246,8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM ebirming@sfu.ca FU Simons Foundation; National Institute of Mental Health; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Special thanks to Brian Cheng and Catherine Holcomb for helping with subject recruitment and data analysis, to Prof. Christof Koch for use of the Eyelink 1000, and to Drs Lynn Paul and Dan Kennedy for help with diagnoses and assessments of the participants. This work was supported in part by grants from the Simons Foundation and the National Institute of Mental Health to R. A.; and a fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to E.B. 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Klin, Ami TI Atypical neural specialization for social percepts in autism spectrum disorder SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Perceptual expertise; N170; Event-related potential (ERP/EEG); Face perception; Autism spectrum disorder ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; WORD FORM AREA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RECOGNITION PROCESSES; OBJECT RECOGNITION; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; BRAIN POTENTIALS; TEMPORAL CORTEX AB The social motivation hypothesis posits that aberrant neural response to human faces in autism is attributable to atypical social development and consequently reduced exposure to faces. The specificity of deficits in neural specialization remains unclear, and alternative theories suggest generalized processing difficulties. The current study contrasted neural specialization for social information versus nonsocial information in 36 individuals with autism and 18 typically developing individuals matched for age, race, sex, handedness, and cognitive ability. Event-related potentials elicited by faces, inverted faces, houses, letters, and pseudoletters were recorded. Groups were compared on an electrophysiological marker of neural specialization (N170), as well as behavioral performance on standardized measures of face recognition and word reading/decoding. Consistent with prior results, individuals with autism displayed slowed face processing and decreased sensitivity to face inversion; however, they showed comparable brain responses to letters, which were associated with behavioral performance in both groups. Results suggest that individuals with autism display atypical neural specialization for social information but intact specialization for nonsocial information. Findings concord with the notion of specific dysfunction in social brain systems rather than nonspecific information-processing difficulties in autism. C1 [McPartland, James C.; Wu, Jia; Bailey, Christopher A.; Mayes, Linda C.] Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schultz, Robert T.] Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Klin, Ami] Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Klin, Ami] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McPartland, JC (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM james.mcpartland@yale.edu FU NIMH [R03 MH079908, K23 MH086785]; NICHD [PO1HD003008]; NARSAD; CTSA from National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1 RR024139]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (USA) FX This research was supported by NIMH R03 MH079908, NIMH K23 MH086785, NICHD PO1HD003008, a NARSAD Atherton Young Investigator Award, and CTSA Grant Number UL1 RR024139 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (USA). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. 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We investigated the relationship between facial expression recognition and age, face recognition, and symptom severity. Subjects were 28 individuals with mild PDD subtypes and 28 age- and gender-matched controls. Among six emotions, fearful expression recognition was specifically impaired in PDD subjects. Age had positive effects on fearful expression recognition directly and indirectly via the development of face recognition in controls, but not in PDD subjects. Furthermore, fearful expression recognition was related to the severity of PDD symptoms. We conclude that individuals with PDD show an atypical development of facial expression recognition. Moreover, impaired fearful expression recognition is closely related to social dysfunction. C1 [Uono, Shota] Kyoto Univ, Fac Human Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Med, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Sato, Wataru] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Hakubi Project, Inuyama, Aichi 484, Japan. RP Uono, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Fac Human Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Med, Sakyo Ku, Shogoin Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. EM uonoshota1982@gmail.com FU JSPS; Benesse Corporation FX This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, JSPS Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers, and the Benesse Corporation. We would like to thank Yukari Ise, MA, for technical support. We are grateful to the volunteers who participated in the research and their parents. 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PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 452 EP 463 DI 10.1080/17470919.2011.605593 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 882NL UT WOS:000299570500004 PM 21919566 ER PT J AU Sasamoto, A Miyata, J Hirao, K Fujiwara, H Kawada, R Fujimoto, S Tanaka, Y Kubota, M Sawamoto, N Fukuyama, H Takahashi, H Murai, T AF Sasamoto, Akihiko Miyata, Jun Hirao, Kazuyuki Fujiwara, Hironobu Kawada, Ryosaku Fujimoto, Shinsuke Tanaka, Yusuke Kubota, Manabu Sawamoto, Nobukatsu Fukuyama, Hidenao Takahashi, Hidehiko Murai, Toshiya TI Social impairment in schizophrenia revealed by Autism-Spectrum Quotient correlated with gray matter reduction SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Schizophrenia; Social cognition; Autism-Spectrum Quotient; Voxel-based morphometry; Superior temporal sulcus ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; FRONTAL-LOBE PATHOLOGY; LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; BRAIN VOLUME; COGNITION; MIND AB One of the difficulties facing schizophrenia patients is a failure to construct appropriate relationships with others in social situations. This impairment of social cognition is also found in autism-spectrum disorder (ASD). Considering such commonality between the two disorders, in this study we adopted the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) score to assess autistic traits, and explored the association between such traits and gray matter (GM) alterations of the brain in schizophrenia. Twenty schizophrenia patients and 25 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and AQ was assessed, comprising five subscales measuring different facets of autistic traits. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to investigate the correlation between these AQ scores and regional GM alterations. Schizophrenia patients showed significantly higher scores in total AQ, and in four of the five subscales, compared to healthy controls. The total AQ score in schizophrenia showed significant negative correlation with GM volume reduction in the cortical area surrounding the left superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is considered to be important in social perception. Our findings suggest a possible neuroanatomical basis of autistic tendencies in schizophrenia. C1 [Sasamoto, Akihiko; Miyata, Jun; Hirao, Kazuyuki; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Kawada, Ryosaku; Fujimoto, Shinsuke; Tanaka, Yusuke; Kubota, Manabu; Takahashi, Hidehiko; Murai, Toshiya] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. [Hirao, Kazuyuki] Kyoto Bunkyo Univ, Dept Clin Psychol, Kyoto, Japan. [Sawamoto, Nobukatsu; Fukuyama, Hidenao] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Human Brain Res Ctr, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. RP Miyata, J (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, 54 Shogoin Kawahara Cho, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. 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Neurosci. PY 2011 VL 6 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1080/17470919.2011.575693 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 882NL UT WOS:000299570500010 PM 21943127 ER PT J AU Gourdine, RM Baffour, TD Teasley, M AF Gourdine, Ruby M. Baffour, Tiffany D. Teasley, Martell TI Autism and the African American Community SO SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Human genome; autism; African American community; spectrum disorder; health disparities ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB It is estimated that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect 1 in 500 live births per year. However, due to varying techniques for diagnosis and treatment, the disability remains the subject of debate. African Americans tend to suffer disproportionate rates of disability and disease when compared to other racial and ethnic groups due to access to preventative and curative care. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 161 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01317.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA 705OB UT WOS:000286144700012 ER PT J AU Nie, HY Taylor, AR Francis, JT Walzak, MJ Lau, WM MacFabe, DF AF Nie, H. -Y. Taylor, A. R. Francis, J. T. Walzak, M. J. Lau, W. M. MacFabe, D. F. TI Tracing propionic acid infused to rat brain via deuterium tagging - further development of a novel rodent model of autism spectrum disorders SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ToF-SIMS; ion image; deuterium; deuterated sodium propionate; PPA; rat brain; PPA infusion; autism spectrum disorders; oxidative stress; neuroinflammation ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOF-SIMS; LIPIDS; SURFACES; PRODUCT; FILMS AB MacFabe et al. have proposed a novel rat model of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with intraventricular infusions of propionic acid (PPA), a gut bacterial metabolic end product and common food preservative, which produces reversible behavioral and electrographic effects coupled with increased oxidative stress and innate neuroinflammatory changes consistent with findings in ASD patients. PPA appears to be a potential environmental trigger linking the disparate behavioral, dietary, gut, metabolic and immune factors implicated in ASD. These previous studies used traditional immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques to examine increased oxidative stress and visualize neurons, reactive astrocytes, and activated microglia in hippocampus and adjacent external capsule white matter from coronally sectioned rat brain. As PPA is also an important metabolic intermediate of fatty acid beta oxidation, we have repeated the experiments with deuterium-tagged PPA (DPPA) and employed ToF-SIMS to trace the deuterium decoration of comparable brain regions ipsilateral to the DPPA infusion. In the present case of revealing DPPA-induced changes in brain regions, ToF-SIMS imaging of deuterium confirms the effectiveness of the methodology and the imaging results support the PPA-triggered ASD rodent model. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nie, H. -Y.; Francis, J. T.; Walzak, M. J.; Lau, W. M.] Univ Western Ontario, WSC, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Taylor, A. R.; MacFabe, D. F.] Univ Western Ontario, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, Shulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Psychol,Div Dev Disabil, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. [Taylor, A. R.; MacFabe, D. F.] Univ Western Ontario, Kilee Patchell Evans Autism Res Grp, Shulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Psychiat,Div Dev Disabil, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. RP Nie, HY (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, WSC, Room G-1, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM hnie@uwo.ca RI Nie, Heng-Yong/A-2391-2008; Lau, Leo/B-9187-2014 FU GoodLife Children's Foundation; Autism Research Institute FX This research was supported, in part, by generous contributions from GoodLife Children's Foundation and an Autism Collaboration Grant from the Autism Research Institute to DFM. 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There is emerging evidence supporting the hypothesis that autism may result from a combination of genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental toxins at critical moments in development. Mercury (Hg) is recognized as a ubiquitous environmental neurotoxin and there is mounting evidence linking it to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Of course, the evidence is not derived from experimental trials with humans but rather from methods focusing on biomarkers of Hg damage, measurements of Hg exposure, epidemiological data, and animal studies. For ethical reasons, controlled Hg exposure in humans will never be conducted. Therefore, to properly evaluate the Hg-autism etiological hypothesis, it is essential to first establish the biological plausibility of the hypothesis. This review examines the plausibility of Hg as the primary etiological agent driving the cellular mechanisms by which Hg-induced neurotoxicity may result in the physiological attributes of autism. 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Chem. PY 2011 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1251 EP 1273 DI 10.1080/02772248.2011.580588 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 884US UT WOS:000299734900012 ER PT J AU Fame, RM MacDonald, JL Macklis, JD AF Fame, Ryann M. MacDonald, Jessica L. Macklis, Jeffrey D. TI Development specification, and diversity of callosal projection neurons SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID CORTICOSPINAL MOTOR-NEURONS; CINGULATE PIONEERING AXONS; DEVELOPING CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC GENES; COLORECTAL-CANCER DCC; UPPER LAYER NEURONS; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; RADIAL GLIA; MAMMALIAN FOREBRAIN AB Callosal projection neurons (CPN) are a diverse population of neocortical projection neurons that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex via the corpus callosum. They play key roles in high-level associative connectivity, and have been implicated in cognitive syndromes of high-level associative dysfunction, such as autism spectrum disorders. CPN evolved relatively recently compared to other cortical neuron populations, and have undergone disproportionately large expansion from mouse to human. While much is known about the anatomical trajectory of developing CPN axons, and progress has been made in identifying cellular and molecular controls over midline crossing, only recently have molecular-genetic controls been identified that specify CPN populations, and help define CPN subpopulations. In this review, we discuss the development, diversity and evolution of CPN. C1 [Fame, Ryann M.; MacDonald, Jessica L.; Macklis, Jeffrey D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, MGH HMS Ctr Nervous Syst Repair, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Fame, Ryann M.; MacDonald, Jessica L.; Macklis, Jeffrey D.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, MGH HMS Ctr Nervous Syst Repair, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Fame, Ryann M.; MacDonald, Jessica L.; Macklis, Jeffrey D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Nayef Al Rodhan Labs, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Fame, Ryann M.; MacDonald, Jessica L.; Macklis, Jeffrey D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Stem Cell & Regenerat Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fame, Ryann M.; MacDonald, Jessica L.; Macklis, Jeffrey D.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Macklis, JD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, MGH HMS Ctr Nervous Syst Repair, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM jeffrey_macklis@hms.harvard.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NS41590, NS45523, NS49553]; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Jane and Lee Seidman Fund for CNS Research; Emily and Robert Pearlstein Fund for Nervous System Repair; National Science Foundation FX We thank L Pasquina for superb artistic assistance. This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grants NS41590 and NS45523), the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the Jane and Lee Seidman Fund for CNS Research, and the Emily and Robert Pearlstein Fund for Nervous System Repair (J.D.M.), with additional infrastructure support by National Institutes of Health Grant NS49553 (J.D.M). R.M.F. was partially supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. 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PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.tins.2010.10.002 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 715FL UT WOS:000286865900005 PM 21129791 ER PT J AU Malinger, G Lev, D Ben-Sira, L Hoffmann, C Herrera, M Vinals, F Vinkler, H Ginath, S Biran-Gol, Y Kidron, D Lerman-Sagie, T AF Malinger, G. Lev, D. Ben-Sira, L. Hoffmann, C. Herrera, M. Vinals, F. Vinkler, H. Ginath, S. Biran-Gol, Y. Kidron, D. Lerman-Sagie, T. TI Can syndromic macrocephaly be diagnosed in utero? SO ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fetal brain; macrocephaly; MRI; prenatal diagnosis; syndromes; ultrasound ID GOLABI-BEHMEL SYNDROME; NORMAL FETAL DEVELOPMENT; SOTOS-SYNDROME; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; COSTELLO-SYNDROME; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; ULTRASOUND; DYSPLASIA; NEUROSONOGRAPHY; POLYMICROGYRIA AB Objectives To compare the outcomes of fetuses with apparently isolated macrocephaly and those with associated findings, and to compare prenatal findings with postnatal diagnoses in children with syndromic macrocephaly. Methods We reviewed the files of all patients referred for suspected fetal macrocephaly, during a 10-year period from 2000, to a large prenatal diagnosis unit with expertise in fetal neurology counseling. Macrocephaly was defined as head circumference (HC) > 2 SDs of the norm. Patients with confirmed HC > 2 SD were identified and contacted, and their development was evaluated. Results Adequate data for analysis were available for 98 patients, in 82 of whom the fetal macrocephaly was considered isolated (Group A), and in 16 of whom associated fetal anomalies were identified (Group B). Macrocephaly was diagnosed earlier in Group B patients (28.4 vs. 32.3 weeks, P = 0.069), and the HC in Group B patients was larger (Z-score 2.95 vs. 2.3, P < 0.001). From Group A there were 81 liveborn; one of whom was diagnosed as having infantile autism. From Group B, there were nine liveborn. The associated central nervous system findings, as demonstrated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, included mild ventriculomegaly, malformations of cortical development, callosal abnormalities, overdeveloped sulcation, large cavum septi pellucidi, large subarachnoid spaces, mega cisterna magna, periventricular pseudocyst, open operculum and vermian dysgenesis. Syndromic diagnosis was made in utero in five fetuses and after birth in three. In eight patients, associated malformations were confirmed after birth but a specific diagnosis was not reached. Conclusions When fetal macrocephaly is associated with other brain or systemic anomalies, syndromic macrocephaly can be diagnosed in utero. Fetuses with syndromic macrocephaly have a significantly larger HC, usually > 2.5 SD above the mean. Isolated macrocephaly, particularly when the HC is < 2.5 SD above the norm, may be clinically benign. Copyright (C) 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Malinger, G.] Edith Wolfson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fetal Neurol Clin, Holon, Israel. [Lev, D.; Vinkler, H.] Edith Wolfson Med Ctr, Genet Inst, Holon, Israel. [Lerman-Sagie, T.] Edith Wolfson Med Ctr, Div Pediat Neurol, Holon, Israel. [Ben-Sira, L.] Tel Aviv Med Ctr & Sch Med, Pediat Radiol Div, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Hoffmann, C.] Ramat Gan Univ, Haim Sheba Med Ctr, Neuroradiol Div, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kidron, D.] Pinhas Sapir Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Kefar Sava, Israel. [Herrera, M.] Univ Colsanitas, Clin Reina Sofia, Dept Med Maternofetal, Bogota, Colombia. [Vinals, F.] Clin Sanatorio Aleman, Dept Ultrasonido, Concepcion, Chile. [Malinger, G.; Lev, D.; Ben-Sira, L.; Hoffmann, C.; Vinkler, H.; Ginath, S.; Kidron, D.; Lerman-Sagie, T.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Malinger, G (reprint author), Edith Wolfson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fetal Neurol Clin, POB 5, Holon, Israel. 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It has been proposed that this matching system enables individuals to understand others' behavior and motor intentions. Here we will describe the main features of mirror neurons in monkeys. Then we will present evidence of the presence of a mirror system in humans and of its involvement in several social-cognitive functions, such as imitation, intention, and emotion understanding. This system may have several implications at a cognitive level and could be linked to specific social deficits in humans such as autism. Recent investigations addressed the issue of the plasticity of the mirror neuron system in both monkeys and humans, suggesting also their possible use in rehabilitation. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Cogn Sci 2011 2 22-38 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.89 C1 [Fogassi, Leonardo; Ferrari, Pier Francesco] Univ Parma, Dept Neurosci, Italian Inst Technol, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Fogassi, Leonardo] Univ Parma, Dept Psychol, Italian Inst Technol, I-43100 Parma, Italy. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000093 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900001 PM 21526575 ER PT J AU Dziobek, I Bolte, S AF Dziobek, Isabel Bolte, Sven TI Neuropsychological models of autism spectrum disorders - behavioral evidence and functional imaging SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE autism; neuropsychology; Theory of Mind; executive functions; central coherence; functional magnetic resonance imaging ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; IMPAIRED MEMORY FUNCTIONS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; NEURAL MECHANISMS; CENTRAL COHERENCE; FACIAL AFFECT; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; DEVELOPING-CHILDREN AB Objective: To review neuropsychological models of theory of mind (ToM), executive functions (EF), and central coherence (CC) as framework for cognitive abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: Behavioral and functional imaging studies are described that assess social-cognitive, emotional, and executive functions as well as locally oriented perception in ASD. Results: Impairments in ToM and EF as well as alterations in CC are frequently replicated phenomena in ASD. Especially problems concerning social perception and ToM have high explanatory value for clinical symptomatology. Brain activation patterns differ between individuals with and without ASD for ToM, EF, und CC functions. An approach focussing on reduced cortical connectivity seems to be increasingly favored over explanations focussing on single affected brain sites. Conclusions: A better understanding of the complexities of ASD in future research demands the integration of clinical, neuropsychological, functional imaging, and molecular genetics evidence. Weaknesses in ToM and EF as well as strengths in detail-focussed perception should be used for individual intervention planning. 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It is presently being discussed whether other co-occurring psychopathological symptoms should constitute a categorical comorbid disorder on their own right and be diagnosed as such; or whether they should be understood as part of the autistic disorder itself. Based on the situation with attention deficit/hyper-activity disorder (ADHD), the current state of research and our own research results are used as examples to demonstrate which prerequisites must be fulfilled for a comorbid disorder. Furthermore, based on neurobiological findings from the areas of molecular biology, neuropsychology, and imaging we show which requirements emerge for the aetiology, early detection, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment, course of illness, and the categorical classification approach. C1 [Sinzig, Judith] LVR Klin Bonn, Abt Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, DE-53111 Bonn, Germany. [Lehmkuhl, Gerd] Uniklin Koln, Klin & Poliklin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Cologne, Germany. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000095 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900003 PM 21442597 ER PT J AU Chiocchetti, A Klauck, SM AF Chiocchetti, Andreas Klauck, Sabine M. TI Genetic analyses for identifying molecular mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE autism spectrum disorders; molecular mechanism; mouse models; connectivity; synaptic plasticity ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; X MENTAL-RETARDATION; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; FAMILIAL RISK; RETT-SYNDROME; LINKAGE; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; VARIANTS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with marked deficits in social communication, verbal development, and behaviour. The broad phenotype and the clinical heterogeneity point to a polygenic disorder-despite high heritability among siblings. According to recent findings not only do single-rare mutations but also copy number variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms impact the ASD phenotype. Because of the scope of national and international consortia, many linkage and genome-wide association studies have evolved which elucidate candidate and susceptibility genomic regions and genes relevant for ASD. In contrast to polygenic or genetic complex models for autism, a few monogenetic forms of ASD are known to be caused by single gene defects, e. g., fragile-X syndrome. Knock-out animal models of monogenetic autism (e. g. FMRP(-/-)) or neurodegenerative disorders (e. g. MeCP2(-/-)) are often used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying ASD. In this review we describe the state of the art of genome analyses in ASD, the most widely used mouse models for polygenic or monogenetic forms of autism and discuss new insights gained from these analyses. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000096 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900004 PM 21442598 ER PT J AU Greimel, E Schulte-Ruther, M Kamp-Becker, I Remschmidt, H Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Konrad, K AF Greimel, Ellen Schulte-Ruether, Martin Kamp-Becker, Inge Remschmidt, Helmut Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Konrad, Kerstin TI Self-report and parental report of empathy in adolescents with autism SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE autism; empathy; theory of mind; self-report; parental report ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EMOTIONAL EMPATHY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; ADULTS; OTHERS; MIND; DISSOCIATION; RESPONSES; DISTRESS AB Objective: A deficit in empathy has repeatedly been described as a central feature of autistic disorders. However, little is known about how adolescents with autism evaluate their own empathic abilities, and how their parents judge these skills. The present study assesses affective components of empathy via both self-report and parental report. Method: 18 boys with autism and 18 typically developing boys participated in the study. A German translation of the Bryant Index of Empathy was used for the self-assessment of empathy. Parents rated the empathic abilities of their sons using a German version of the Griffith Empathy Measure. Both questionnaires are comparable with regards to content and mainly tap into affective components of empathy. Results: Self-reports of empathy in adolescents with autism did not differ from controls. In contrast, parents of adolescents with autism judged their sons to be less empathic compared to parents of typically developing adolescents. Conclusions: The discrepancy between unimpaired self-reported empathy and parental report of impaired empathy in adolescents with autism might result from their difficulties in effectively conveying empathic feelings to other people. Alternatively, the results may be explained by impaired introspection on inner experiences in individuals with autism. C1 [Greimel, Ellen; Schulte-Ruether, Martin; Konrad, Kerstin] Univ Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Lehr & Forsch Gebiet Klin Neuropsychol Kindes &, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Remschmidt, Helmut] Univ Marburg, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Greimel, E (reprint author), Univ Klinikum RWTH Aachen, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Lehr & Forsch Gebiet Klin Neuropsychol Kindes &, Neuenhofer Weg 21, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000097 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900005 PM 21442599 ER PT J AU Kamp-Becker, I Schroder, J Muehlan, H Remschmidt, H Becker, K Bachmann, CJ AF Kamp-Becker, Inge Schroeder, Johanna Muehlan, Holger Remschmidt, Helmut Becker, Katja Bachmann, Christian J. TI Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; health-related quality of life; high functioning autism; ILK; children; adolescents ID HIGHER FUNCTIONING INDIVIDUALS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION ABILITIES; DISABILITIES; ADULTS; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; VINELAND; MEN AB Objective: This study evaluates self-and proxy-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study also compares HRQOL in ASD patients with a healthy control sample and a psychiatric reference sample. Method: 42 children and adolescents (39 male, mean age: 12.7 +/- 2.6 years, mean IQ: 100.5 +/- 20.7) with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents completed the Inventory for the Assessment of Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (ILK). Results: Mean ILK LQ 0-28 scores were 20.6 (+/- 4.6) (self-report version) and 18.2 (+/- 4.0) (proxy version). Compared to a reference sample, mean ILK scores from the ASD sample were at the 47th percentile (self-report) and the 33rd percentile (proxy). Compared to children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, self-reported ILK scores correlated with the 69th percentile, and proxy-reported ILK scores correlated with the 67th percentile. Self-reported HRQOL was significantly higher than proxy-reported HRQOL. No significant correlation was found between HRQOL and age, IQ, or autistic symptoms. Conclusions: HRQOL in children and adolescents with ASD seems to be better than in other psychiatric disorders, but lower than in healthy controls. C1 [Kamp-Becker, Inge; Schroeder, Johanna; Remschmidt, Helmut; Becker, Katja] Univ Hosp Giessen & Marburg, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Marburg, Germany. [Muehlan, Holger] Univ Klinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Med Psychol, Hamburg, Germany. [Bachmann, Christian J.] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Berlin, Germany. RP Kamp-Becker, I (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Giessen & Marburg gGmbH, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Hans Sachs Str 4&6, DE-35039 Marburg, Germany. 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PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000098 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900006 PM 21442600 ER PT J AU Poustka, L Bender, F Bock, M Bolte, S Mohler, E Banaschewski, T Goth, K AF Poustka, Luise Bender, Frauke Bock, Marita Boelte, Sven Moehler, Eva Banaschewski, Tobias Goth, Kirstin TI Personality and social responsiveness in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE Temperament; character; autism spectrum disorders (ASD); ADHD; SRS ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CHARACTER INVENTORY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; TEMPERAMENT; NEUROTICISM; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DIMENSIONS; SYMPTOMS AB Objectives: This study addresses the question whether personality dimensions differ between children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and whether these personality characteristics influence social problems in these groups of children. Methods: 68 children with ADHD (n = 32) and ASD (n = 36) were assessed with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI7-11 R) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), as rated by the parents. Diagnosis of ASD was confirmed with standardized diagnostic instruments (ADOS und ADI-R). Results: Both children with ASD and ADHD displayed significantly decreased scores in persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness compared to normative values. Additionally, children with ASD showed extremely low reward dependence and differed significantly from children with ADHD in the temperament dimensions harm avoidance and reward dependence as well as in the character dimensions self-directedness and cooperativeness. In both groups, personality dimensions, especially reward dependence, were predictive of social responsiveness, as assessed by the SRS. Conclusion: The results suggest that specific personality characteristics are present already in young children with ASD and ADHD and may have an impact on their social competence. C1 [Poustka, Luise; Bender, Frauke; Bock, Marita; Boelte, Sven; Banaschewski, Tobias] Zent Inst Seel Gesundheit, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, DE-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Goth, Kirstin] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Moehler, Eva] Klinikum Saarbrucken, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Goth, Kirstin] Univ Psychiat Kliniken Basel, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Basel, Switzerland. RP Poustka, L (reprint author), Zent Inst Seel Gesundheit, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, J5, DE-68159 Mannheim, Germany. 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PY 2011 VL 39 IS 2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000099 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740HW UT WOS:000288783900007 PM 21442601 ER PT J AU Freitag, C Herpertz-Dahlmann, B Dose, M Luken, M AF Freitag, Christine Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Dose, Mathias Lueken, Michael TI Statement on a letter by "Pyramid Educational Consultants Germany UG" of May 2010 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article ID EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM; PHASE-III; CHILDREN; AUTISM; PECS; ACQUISITION; TEACHERS; SPEECH AB In the present statement, a letter by the company "Pyramid Educational Consultants of Germany UG" on training and therapeutic aspects of PECS for children with autism is critically reflected. C1 [Freitag, Christine] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, DE-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Univ Klin, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, Aachen, Germany. 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TI Innate and adaptive immunity in children with psychotic forms of autism-spectrum disorders SO ZHURNAL NEVROLOGII I PSIKHIATRII IMENI S S KORSAKOVA LA Russian DT Article DE innate and adaptive immunity; autoantibodies; leukocyte elastase; children autism ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CHILDHOOD; ELASTASE AB Leukocyte elastase (LE) activity, functional activity of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, C-reactive protein, autoantibodies to nerve growth factor and to basic myelin protein have been studied in the blood serum of children with psychotic forms of autistic disorders - children psychosis (F84.02) and atypical children psychosis (F84.11). The activation of innate immunity (the increase in LE activity and acute phase proteins) was seen in children psychosis. The more severe mental disturbances, that are characteristic of endogenous atypical children psychosis, were accompanied by the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity (the increase of the level of autoantibodies to neuroantigenes in the peripheral blood). Correlations between immunological and clinical parameters suggest the involvement of innate and adaptive immunity in the formation of autistic and cognitive disorders in children. C1 [Kliushnik, T. P.; Androsova, L. V.; Simashkova, N. V.; Zozulya, S. A.; Otman, I. N.; Koval-Zaytsev, A. A.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. RP Kliushnik, TP (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. 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TI Decreased serum arylesterase activity in autism spectrum disorders SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Diazoxonase; Immune; Pervasive developmental disorders; Organophosphate; Paraoxonase ID LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; PARAOXONASE PON1; INTERETHNIC VARIABILITY; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; PLASMA ARYLESTERASE; VIRUS-INFECTION; EXPRESSION; CHILDREN; FAMILY; ASSOCIATION AB The PON1 gene, previously found associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), encodes a serum protein responsible for the detoxification cf organophosphates (OPs) and able to exert several enzymatic activities. PON1 arylesterase, but not diazoxonase activity, was significantly decreased in 174 ASD patients compared to 175 first-degree relatives and 144 controls (P=2.65 x 10(-16)). First degree relatives displayed intermediate activities, closer to patient than to control levels. Differences between patients, first-degree relatives and controls were especially evident among 164 Italians compared to 329 Caucasian-Americans, because arylesterase activity was significantly higher in Italian controls, compared to Caucasian-American controls (P=2.84 x 10(-16)). Arylesterase activity and PON protein concentrations were not significantly correlated, supporting a functional inhibition of arylesterase activity in ASD patients over quantitative changes in protein amounts. Serum arylesterase activity, in combination with PON1 genotypes at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to influence protein amounts (rs705379: C-108T) and substrate specificity (rs662: Q192R), was able to discriminate ASD patients from controls with elevated sensitivity and specificity, depending on genotype and ethnic group. Serum arylesterase activity and genotyping at these two SNPs could thus represent an informative biochemical/genetic test, able to aid clinicians in estimating autism risk in ethnic groups with higher baseline arylesterase activity levels. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaita, Laura; Sacco, Roberto; Lintas, Carla; Altieri, Laura; Lombardi, Federica; Persico, Antonio M.] Univ Campus Biomed, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, I-00128 Rome, Italy. [Gaita, Laura; Sacco, Roberto; Lintas, Carla; Altieri, Laura; Lombardi, Federica; Persico, Antonio M.] IRCCS Fdn Santa Lucia, Dept Expt Neurosci, Rome, Italy. [Manzi, Barbara; Curatolo, Paolo] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Child Neuropsychiat, Rome, Italy. [Pawlowski, Tracy L.; Redman, Margot; Craig, David W.; Huentelman, Matthew J.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Neurogenom Div, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Ober-Reynolds, Sharman; Brautigam, Sarah; Melmed, Raun; Smith, Christopher J.] SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Marsillach, Judith; Camps, Jordi] Univ Hosp S Joan, Biomed Res Ctr, Reus, Spain. RP Persico, AM (reprint author), Univ Campus Biomed, Lab Mol Psychiat & Neurogenet, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, I-00128 Rome, Italy. EM a.persico@unicampus.it FU Italian Ministry of University, Research and Technology; Italian Ministry of Health [RFPS-2007-5-640174]; Autism Speaks Foundation (Princeton, New Jersey) FX This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of University, Research and Technology (PRIN 2006058195), the Italian Ministry of Health (RFPS-2007-5-640174), and the Autism Speaks Foundation (Princeton, New Jersey). The authors gratefully acknowledge all the families who participated in this study; the SIRFA network (www.sirfa.org), especially Carlo Lenti, Monica Saccani, Roberto Militerni, Carmela Bravaccio, Roberto Rigardetto e Marina Gandione for providing the Italian replica sample; the resources provided by the AGRE consortium; Janet Kirwan and Josh Jones for blood collection and data management; Silvia Angeletti and Giordano Di Cuonzo for providing the Italian control sample, and Clement Furlong for protocols to measure PON enzymatic activities. 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Vincenti, Vincenzo Merzenich, Michael M. TI Perinatal Asphyxia Affects Rat Auditory Processing: Implications for Auditory Perceptual Impairments in Neurodevelopmental Disorders SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; CORTEX NEURONS; BRAIN-STEM; AUTISM; INHIBITION; SYSTEM; BIRTH; ORGANIZATION; MONKEYS; CONSEQUENCES AB Perinatal asphyxia, a naturally and commonly occurring risk factor in birthing, represents one of the major causes of neonatal encephalopathy with long term consequences for infants. Here, degraded spectral and temporal responses to sounds were recorded from neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of adult rats exposed to asphyxia at birth. Response onset latencies and durations were increased. Response amplitudes were reduced. Tuning curves were broader. Degraded successive-stimulus masking inhibitory mechanisms were associated with a reduced capability of neurons to follow higher-rate repetitive stimuli. The architecture of peripheral inner ear sensory epithelium was preserved, suggesting that recorded abnormalities can be of central origin. Some implications of these findings for the genesis of language perception deficits or for impaired language expression recorded in developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, contributed to by perinatal asphyxia, are discussed. C1 [Strata, Fabrizio] Univ Parma, Physiol Sect, Dept Neurosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Strata, Fabrizio; Merzenich, Michael M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Coleman Mem Lab, Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Stoianov, Ivilin P.] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, Padua, Italy. [de Villers-Sidani, Etienne] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B4, Canada. [Bonham, Ben] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Epstein Labs, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Martone, Tiziana] Univ Turin, Div Otolaryngol, Dept Clin Physiopathol, Turin, Italy. [Kenet, Tal] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging MGH Marti, Charlestown, MA USA. [Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Vincenti, Vincenzo] Univ Parma, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Strata, F (reprint author), Univ Parma, Physiol Sect, Dept Neurosci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. EM fab@phy.ucsf.edu RI Stoianov, Ivilin/G-5904-2011 OI Stoianov, Ivilin/0000-0003-0642-259X FU National Institutes of Health Conte Center [MH77970]; John C. and Edward Coleman Memorial Fund; Italian Ministry of University and Research FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Conte Center grant MH77970 (M.M.M.), the John C. and Edward Coleman Memorial Fund (M.M.M.), and the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PRIN 2009 (F.S.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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TI Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry (July, pg 218, 2008) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Correction RI Morrow, Eric/J-2767-2013 CR MORROW M, 2008, SCIENCE, P218 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6012 BP 1746 EP 1746 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698OS UT WOS:000285603700017 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, Y Hirvikoski, T Lindefors, N AF Ginsberg, Ylva Hirvikoski, Tatja Lindefors, Nils TI Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among longer-term prison inmates is a prevalent, persistent and disabling disorder SO BMC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; RESPONSE PERSEVERATION; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; RATING-SCALE; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; GENERAL-POPULATION; CONDUCT DISORDER AB Background: ADHD is a common and disabling disorder, with an increased risk for coexisting disorders, substance abuse and delinquency. In the present study, we aimed at exploring ADHD and criminality. We estimated the prevalence of ADHD among longer-term prison inmates, described symptoms and cognitive functioning, and compared findings with ADHD among psychiatric outpatients and healthy controls. Methods: At Norrtalje Prison, we approached 315 male inmates for screening of childhood ADHD by the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25) and for present ADHD by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Screener (ASRS-Screener). The response rate was 62%. Further, we assessed 34 inmates for ADHD and coexisting disorders. Finally, we compared findings with 20 adult males with ADHD, assessed at a psychiatric outpatient clinic and 18 healthy controls. Results: The estimated prevalence of adult ADHD among longer-term inmates was 40%. Only 2 out of 30 prison inmates confirmed with ADHD had received a diagnosis of ADHD during childhood, despite most needed health services and educational support. All subjects reported lifetime substance use disorder (SUD) where amphetamine was the most common drug. Mood and anxiety disorders were present among half of subjects; autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among one fourth and psychopathy among one tenth. Personality disorders were common; almost all inmates presented conduct disorder (CD) before antisocial personality disorder (APD). Prison inmates reported more ADHD symptoms during both childhood and adulthood, compared with ADHD psychiatric outpatients. Further, analysis of executive functions after controlling for IQ showed both ADHD groups performed poorer than controls on working memory tests. Besides, on a continuous performance test, the ADHD prison group displayed poorer results compared with both other groups. Conclusions: This study suggested ADHD to be present among 40% of adult male longer-term prison inmates. Further, ADHD and coexisting disorders, such as SUD, ASD, personality disorders, mood-and anxiety disorders, severely affected prison inmates with ADHD. Besides, inmates showed poorer executive functions also when controlling for estimated IQ compared with ADHD among psychiatric outpatients and controls. Our findings imply the need for considering these severities when designing treatment programmes for prison inmates with ADHD. C1 [Ginsberg, Ylva; Lindefors, Nils] Karolinska Inst, Div Psychiat, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Ginsberg, Ylva] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden. [Hirvikoski, Tatja] Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Ctr Mol Med, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Ginsberg, Y (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Div Psychiat, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. EM ylva.ginsberg@ki.se FU Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs; Stockholm County Council, Sweden; Janssen-Cilag FX The Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and Stockholm County Council, Sweden financially supported this study. The funding sources were not involved in the authors' work. We are grateful to all participants and collaborators from Stockholm County Council and the Swedish Prison and Probation Service who made this work possible. We especially thank Gunnar Johansson at Norrtalje Prison for invaluable help in administering the screening survey, Monica Hellberg for administrative assistance, and co-investigators Michaela Wallensteen, Ann-Charlotte Wiklund, Maria Kristensen, Agneta Ljungberg, Anna Eriksson, Julia Alfredsson, Else Waaler, Pernilla Bothen, and Annelie Holmstrom for providing data. We thank Martin Grann for valuable comments on the manuscript.YG has been on the speaker's bureau and consultant for Janssen-Cilag, Novartis and Lundbeck A/S. 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Here we propose a unifying theory of autism, the Intense World Theory. The proposed neuropathology is hyper-functioning of local neural microcircuits, best characterized by hyper-reactivity and hyper-plasticity. Such hyper-functional microcircuits are speculated to become autonomous and memory trapped leading to the core cognitive consequences of hyper-perception, hyper-attention, hyper-memory and hyper-emotionality. The theory is centered on the neocortex and the amygdala, but could potentially be applied to all brain regions. The severity on each axis depends on the severity of the molecular syndrome expressed in different brain regions, which could uniquely shape the repertoire of symptoms of an autistic child. The progression of the disorder is proposed to be driven by overly strong reactions to experiences that drive the brain to a hyper-preference and overly selective state, which becomes more extreme with each new experience and may be particularly accelerated by emotionally charged experiences and trauma. This may lead to obsessively detailed information processing of fragments of the world and an involuntarily and systematic decoupling of the autist from what becomes a painfully intense world. The autistic is proposed to become trapped in a limited, but highly secure internal world with minimal extremes and surprises. We present the key studies that support this theory of autism, show how this theory can better explain past findings, and how it could resolve apparently conflicting data and interpretations. The theory also makes further predictions from the molecular to the behavioral levels, provides a treatment strategy and presents its own falsifying hypothesis. C1 [Markram, Kamila; Markram, Henry] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Neural Microcircuits, Brain Mind Inst, Sch Life Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Markram, K (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Neural Microcircuits, Brain Mind Inst, Sch Life Sci, Bldg AAB,Off 201,Stn 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. 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Hum. Neurosci. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 224 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00224 PG 29 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 747TN UT WOS:000289342700001 PM 21191475 ER PT J AU Bronsard, G Botbol, M Tordjman, S AF Bronsard, Guillaume Botbol, Michel Tordjman, Sylvie TI Aggression in Low Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autistic Disorder SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CHALLENGING BEHAVIORS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; ASPERGERS SYNDROME; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; LANGUAGE; VIOLENCE; PEOPLE; MIND AB Background: Parents, caregivers and mental health professionals have often reported violence and aggression in children or adolescents with autistic disorder. However, most of these observations derived from anecdotal reports, and studies on frequency and characterization of aggression in autism remain limited. Our objective was to better characterize and understand the different types of aggressive behaviors displayed by a large group of individuals with autism in different observational situations. Methodology/Findings: The study was conducted on 74 children and adolescents with autism and 115 typically developing control individuals matched for sex, age and pubertal stage. Other-Injurious Behaviors (OIB) were assessed in three observational situations (parents at home, two caregivers at day-care, a nurse and a child psychiatrist during blood drawing) using validated scales. The frequency of OIB was significantly higher in individuals with autism compared to typically developing control individuals during the blood drawing (23% vs. 0%, P<0.01). The parents observed significantly less OIB in their children than caregivers (34% vs. 58%, P<0.05). In addition, the most frequent concurrent behaviors occurring just before the appearance of OIB in individuals with autism were anxiety-related behaviors and excitation according to the parental as well as the caregiver observation. Conclusions/Significance: The results suggest that in a stressful situation, such as the blood drawing, individuals with autism release their stress through behaviors such as OIB, whereas typically developing individuals regulate and express their stress through cognitive skills such as mental coping strategies, symbolization skills with representation and anticipation of the stressful situation, social interaction and verbal or non-verbal communication. The findings underline also the key role of the environment in assessing OIB and developing therapeutic perspectives, with an individual who modulates his/her behavior according to the environment, and an environment that perceives this behavior and reacts to it with different tolerance thresholds according to the observers. C1 [Bronsard, Guillaume] Fac Med Timone, Maison Dept Adolescent, Marseille, France. [Bronsard, Guillaume] Fac Med Timone, Ctr Med Psychopedag Conseil Gen Bouches du Rhone, Lab Sante Publ EA3279, Marseille, France. [Botbol, Michel] Paris Catholic Univ, Ecole Psychol, Soc Psychanalyt Paris, Paris, France. [Tordjman, Sylvie] Univ Paris 05, CNRS, Lab Psychol Percept, UMR 8158, Paris, France. [Tordjman, Sylvie] Univ Rennes 1, Serv Hosp Univ Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent Renne, F-35014 Rennes, France. RP Bronsard, G (reprint author), Fac Med Timone, Maison Dept Adolescent, Marseille, France. 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Pax6 is a pivotal player in brain development and maintenance. It is expressed in embryonic and adult neural stem cells, in astrocytes in the entire central nervous system, and in neurons in the olfactory bulb, amygdala, thalamus, and cerebellum, functioning in highly context-dependent manners. We have recently reported that Pax6 heterozygous mutant (rSey(2)/+) rats with a spontaneous mutation in the Pax6 gene, show impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI). In the present study, we further examined behaviors of rSey(2)/+ rats and revealed that they exhibited abnormality in social interaction (more aggression and withdrawal) in addition to impairment in rearing activity and in fear-conditioned memory. Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) in rSey(2)+ rat pups was normal in male but abnormal in female. Moreover, treatment with clozapine successfully recovered the defects in sensorimotor gating function, but not in fear-conditioned memory. Taken together with our prior human genetic data and results in other literatures, rSey(2)/+ rats likely have some phenotypic components of autism. C1 [Umeda, Toshiko; Osumi, Noriko] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Dev Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Takashima, Noriko] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Behav & Dev Disorders, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Takashima, Noriko; Ikegami, Shiro; Inokuchi, Kaoru] Mitsubishi Kagaku Inst Life Sci MITILS, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakagawa, Ryoko; Okanoya, Kazuo] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Biolinguist, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Maekawa, Motoko; Yoshikawa, Takeo] RIKEN, Brain Sci Inst, Lab Mol Psychiat, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Ikegami, Shiro] Saitama Inst Technol, Dept Psychol, Fukaya, Japan. [Kobayashi, Kazuto] Fukushima Med Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Mol Genet, Sch Med, Fukushima, Japan. [Inokuchi, Kaoru] Toyama Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Grad Sch Med & Pharmaceut Sci, Toyama 930, Japan. RP Umeda, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Med, Div Dev Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. EM osumi@med.tohoku.ac.jp FU Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology; Japanese Science and Technology Agency; MEXT (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) of Japan FX This work was supported by Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology (to N.O.), Japanese Science and Technology Agency (to N.O., T.Y. and K.I.), and Global COE (Centers of Excellence) Program from MEXT (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) of Japan (to N.O.). T.U. and R.N. are Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research fellows. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Braun, Christoph Loew, Andreas Poustka, Fritz Bolte, Sven Birbaumer, Niels TI The mind of the mnemonists: An MEG and neuropsychological study of autistic memory savants SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Magnetencephalography; Mnemonists; Neuropsychology; Old-new paradigm; Recognition memory; Savant syndrome ID RECOGNITION MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDER; WORKING-MEMORY; PERCEPTION; INTELLIGENCE; CHILDREN; CORTEX; FMRI; CONNECTIVITY; NEUROBIOLOGY AB About 10% of autistic individuals exhibit some form of islets of abilities in the face of serious intellectual or mental disability ("savant syndrome"). The aim of this study was to investigate brain mechanisms in a sample of autistic subjects with outstanding memory. We investigated seven mnemonist savants with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and seven matched controls with 151-channel whole-head magnetencephalography in a continuous old-new paradigm. They were presented with 300 pseudowords and 300 shapes and had to indicate by button press, whether the presented stimulus had been shown before. Unexpectedly, mnemonist savants did not perform better than controls, but were outperformed in the recognition of pseudowords. Accordingly, event-related magnetic fields elicited by pseudowords showed widespread old-new effects in controls, but not in savants. A source analysis of its early components revealed right occipital activation in savants, but left parietal activation in controls. This might be related to a visual processing style in mnemonist savants that proved to be inefficient in this task. During the possibly familiarity-based recognition of shapes, there were earlier and more widespread bilateral old-new effects in mnemonist savants, what might reflect their experience with figural material. In a neuropsychological test battery, mnemonist savants performed comparably to autistic people without special memory skills. However, a different factor structure of these tests pointed to a different organization of memory in mnemonist savants compared to controls that is characterized by its relative independence of general intelligence. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Neumann, Nicola; Dubischar-Krivec, Anna M.; Braun, Christoph; Birbaumer, Niels] Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Psychol & Behav Neurobiol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Neumann, Nicola; Loew, Andreas] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Biol & Clin Psychol, Inst Psychol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. [Braun, Christoph] Univ Trent, Ctr Mind Brain Sci, CIMeC, I-38100 Mattarello, Italy. [Poustka, Fritz; Bolte, Sven] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, D-60528 Frankfurt M, Germany. [Bolte, Sven] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Inst Ctr Neurodev Disorders KIND, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm 17176, Sweden. [Birbaumer, Niels] IRCCS, Osped San Camillo, I-30126 Venice, Italy. RP Neumann, N (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Psychol & Behav Neurobiol, Gartenstr 29, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM nicola.neumann@uni-tuebingen.de RI Braun, Christoph/E-4561-2010 OI Braun, Christoph/0000-0002-7836-4010 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Federal State of Baden-Wurttemberg; University of Greifswald FX This work was supported by the Graduate Research Training Program on Cognitive Neurobiology of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the University of Tubingen, the University and Science Program of the Federal State of Baden-Wurttemberg, and the Kathe Kluth Program of the University of Greifswald. We are indepted to our autistic participants for their effort to travel to Tubingen and participate in our study. 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Baron-Cohen, Simon Suckling, John CA MRC AIMS Consortium TI A Shift to Randomness of Brain Oscillations in People with Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; complexity; fractal; Hurst exponent; oscillations; resting state fMRI ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TEMPORAL-LOBE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SOCIAL BRAIN; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; HEART-FAILURE AB Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables investigation of the intrinsic functional organization of the brain. Fractal parameters such as the Hurst exponent, H, describe the complexity of endogenous low-frequency fMRI time series on a continuum from random (H = .5) to ordered (H = 1). Shifts in fractal scaling of physiological time series have been associated with neurological and cardiac conditions. Methods: Resting-state fMRI time series were recorded in 30 male adults with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) and 33 age-and IQ-matched male volunteers. The Hurst exponent was estimated in the wavelet domain and between-group differences were investigated at global and voxel level and in regions known to be involved in autism. Results: Complex fractal scaling of fMRI time series was found in both groups but globally there was a significant shift to randomness in the ASC (mean H = .758, SD = .045) compared with neurotypical volunteers (mean H = .788, SD = .047). Between-group differences in H, which was always reduced in the ASC group, were seen in most regions previously reported to be involved in autism, including cortical midline structures, medial temporal structures, lateral temporal and parietal structures, insula, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Severity of autistic symptoms was negatively correlated with H in retrosplenial and right anterior insular cortex. Conclusions: Autism is associated with a small but significant shift to randomness of endogenous brain oscillations. Complexity measures may provide physiological indicators for autism as they have done for other medical conditions. C1 [Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Sadek, Susan A.; Pasco, Greg; Wheelwright, Sally J.; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Bullmore, Edward T.; Suckling, John] Univ Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev] Univ Reading, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Reading, Berks, England. RP Lai, MC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Douglas House,18B,Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. EM mcl45@cam.ac.uk RI daly, eileen/B-6716-2011; Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010; Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X FU Medical Research Council United Kingdom; Ministry of Education, Taiwan; Girton College, University of Cambridge; Shirley Foundation; Cambridge Overseas Trust FX This research was conducted in association with the National Institute for Health Research, Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust and the Medical Research Council Autism Imaging Multicentre Study Consortium (MRC AIMS Consortium). The MRC AIMS Consortium is a United Kingdom collaboration between the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, London, and the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford. It is funded by the Medical Research Council United Kingdom and headed by the Institute of Psychiatry. The Consortium members are in alphabetical order: Bailey AJ, Baron-Cohen S, Bolton PF, Bullmore ET, Carrington S, Chakrabarti B, Daly EM, Deoni SC, Ecker C, Happe F, Henty J, Jezzard P, Johnston P, Jones DK, Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Madden A, Mullins D, Murphy C, Murphy DGM, Pasco G, Sadek S, Spain D, Stewart R, Suckling J, Wheelwright S, and Williams SC.Dr. Lai is supported by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, and Girton College, University of Cambridge. Dr. Lombardo is supported by the Shirley Foundation and Cambridge Overseas Trust. Professor Bullmore is employed half-time as a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge and employed half-time by GlaxoSmithKline, plc. Professors Baron-Cohen and Suckling are supported by the Medical Research Council United Kingdom. Drs. Pasco and Chakrabarti and Ms. Wheelwright and Sadek reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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TI Validating gamma Oscillations and Delayed Auditory Responses as Translational Biomarkers of Autism SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Animal model; autism; electrophysiology; endophenotype; gamma oscillations; magnetoencephalography (MEG) ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EVOKED POTENTIALS; VALPROIC ACID; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; TEMPORAL BINDING; ANIMAL-MODEL; MOUSE MODEL; IN-UTERO AB Background: Difficulty modeling complex behavioral phenotypes in rodents (e.g., language) has hindered pathophysiological investigation and treatment development for autism spectrum disorders. Recent human neuroimaging studies, however, have identified functional biomarkers that can be more directly related to the abnormal neural dynamics of autism spectrum disorders. This study assessed the translational potential of auditory evoked-response endophenotypes of autism in parallel mouse and human studies of autism. Methods: Whole-cortex magnetoencephalography was recorded in 17 typically developing and 25 autistic children during auditory pure-tone presentation. Superior temporal gyrus activity was analyzed in time and frequency domains. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA) and analyzed with analogous methods. Results: The VPA-exposed mice demonstrated selective behavioral alterations related to autism, including reduced social interactions and ultrasonic vocalizations, increased repetitive self-grooming, and prepulse inhibition deficits. Autistic subjects and VPA-exposed mice showed a similar 10% latency delay in the N1/M100 evoked response and a reduction in gamma frequency (30-50 Hz) phase-locking factor. Electrophysiological measures were associated with mouse behavioral deficits. In mice, gamma phase-locking factor was correlated with expression of the autism risk gene neuroligin-3 and neural deficits were modulated by the mGluR5-receptor antagonist MPEP. Conclusions: Results demonstrate a novel preclinical approach toward mechanistic understanding and treatment development for autism. C1 [Siegel, Steven J.] Univ Penn, Translat Res Labs, Dept Psychiat, Translat Neurosci Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Edgar, J. Christopher; Roberts, Timothy P. L.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Siegel, SJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Translat Res Labs, Dept Psychiat, Translat Neurosci Program, 125 S 31st St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM siegels@upenn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01-DA023210, T32-MH017168, R01-DC008871]; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; Autism Speaks; Eli Lilly; AstraZeneca; NuPathe; Pfizer; Merck; Sanofi; Wyeth FX This study was funded by National Institutes of Health Grants R01-DA023210 (SJS), T32-MH017168 (MJG), and R01-DC008871 (TPR) as well as by the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation (TPR) and Autism Speaks (TPR). Dr. Siegel reports having received grant support from Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, NuPathe, and Pfizer that is unrelated to the content of this paper and consulting payments from NuPathe, Merck, Sanofi, and Wyeth that are unrelated to the content of this work. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1100 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.031 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 695QZ UT WOS:000285389000005 PM 21130222 ER PT J AU Vlamings, PHJM Jonkman, LM van Daalen, E van der Gaag, RJ Kemner, C AF Vlamings, Petra Hendrika Johanna Maria Jonkman, Lisa Marthe van Daalen, Emma van der Gaag, Rutger Jan Kemner, Chantal TI Basic Abnormalities in Visual Processing Affect Face Processing at an Early Age in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; brain; early development; face perception; spatial frequency; visual ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; PREFERENTIAL LOOKING; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; FEARFUL FACES; PERCEPTION AB Background: A detailed visual processing style has been noted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); this contributes to problems in face processing and has been directly related to abnormal processing of spatial frequencies (SFs). Little is known about the early development of face processing in ASD and the relation with abnormal SF processing. We investigated whether young ASD children show abnormalities in low spatial frequency (LSF, global) and high spatial frequency (HSF, detailed) processing and explored whether these are crucially involved in the early development of face processing. Methods: Three-to 4-year-old children with ASD (n = 22) were compared with developmentally delayed children without ASD (n = 17). Spatial frequency processing was studied by recording visual evoked potentials from visual brain areas while children passively viewed gratings (HSF/LSF). In addition, children watched face stimuli with different expressions, filtered to include only HSF or LSF. Results: Enhanced activity in visual brain areas was found in response to HSF versus LSF information in children with ASD, in contrast to control subjects. Furthermore, facial-expression processing was also primarily driven by detail in ASD. Conclusions: Enhanced visual processing of detailed (HSF) information is present early in ASD and occurs for neutral (gratings), as well as for socially relevant stimuli (facial expressions). These data indicate that there is a general abnormality in visual SF processing in early ASD and are in agreement with suggestions that a fast LSF subcortical face processing route might be affected in ASD. This could suggest that abnormal visual processing is causative in the development of social problems in ASD. C1 [Vlamings, Petra Hendrika Johanna Maria; Jonkman, Lisa Marthe] Maastricht Univ, Fac Psychol, Dept Cognit Neurosci, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. [van Daalen, Emma; Kemner, Chantal] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [van der Gaag, Rutger Jan] Univ Ctr Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.024 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 695QZ UT WOS:000285389000006 PM 20728876 ER PT J AU Yamasaki, S Yamasue, H Abe, O Suga, M Yamada, H Inoue, H Kuwabara, H Kawakubo, Y Yahata, N Aoki, S Kano, Y Kato, N Kasai, K AF Yamasaki, Syudo Yamasue, Hidenori Abe, Osamu Suga, Motomu Yamada, Haruyasu Inoue, Hideyuki Kuwabara, Hitoshi Kawakubo, Yuki Yahata, Noriaki Aoki, Shigeki Kano, Yukiko Kato, Nobumasa Kasai, Kiyoto TI Reduced Gray Matter Volume of Pars Opercularis Is Associated with Impaired Social Communication in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Asperger disorder; human mirror neuron system; MRI; social dysfunction ID MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS; WHOLE-BRAIN ANALYSIS; CORTICAL THICKNESS; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; RATING-SCALE; GREY-MATTER; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Background: Recent literature suggests that the inferior frontal gyrus, especially its posterior portion, has an important role in imitation and social reciprocity and in the pathophysiology of their disturbance in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the structural abnormality of this region has not fully been clarified in subjects with ASD. Methods: Here we obtained magnetic resonance images from 13 right-handed men with high-functioning ASD(Asperger disorder [n = 10] or autism [n = 3]) and from 11 age-, parental socioeconomic background-, and intelligence quotient-matched right-handed typical men. A reliable manual tracing methodology was employed to measure the gray matter volume of the pars opercularis, corresponding to Brodmann area 44, and the pars triangularis, corresponding to Brodmann area 45. Results: A significant gray matter volume reduction of both the pars opercularis and triangularis was found bilaterally in the subjects with ASD compared with the typical control subjects. The effect size seemed to be larger for pars opercularis (1.25) than for pars triangularis (.90). The reduced volume of right as well as total pars opercularis showed a significant association with the increased severity of social communication problems in the ASD group. Conclusions: The current findings support an important role of pars opercularis, a center of the mirror neuron system, in the pathophysiology of ASD. C1 [Yamasue, Hidenori] Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Yamasaki, Syudo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Rehabil, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Abe, Osamu; Yamada, Haruyasu; Aoki, Shigeki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Radiol, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Yamasue, Hidenori; Kawakubo, Yuki; Kato, Nobumasa] CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Kato, Nobumasa] Showa Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Tokyo 142, Japan. RP Yamasue, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. EM yamasue-tky@umin.ac.jp FU Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare [H19-kokoro-ippan-012, H20-kokoro-ippan-001, H20-3]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture, Japan [20023009, 21249064, 08105853] FX This study was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants, Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health, H19-kokoro-ippan-012, H20-kokoro-ippan-001, and H20-3 to KK) and from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/Ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture (No. 20023009 and 21249064 to KK, 08105853 to HY), Japan. Apart of this study was also the result of "Development of biomarker candidates for social behavior" carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture. 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Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.012 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 695QZ UT WOS:000285389000011 PM 20801427 ER PT J AU Spengler, S Bird, G Brass, M AF Spengler, Stephanie Bird, Geoffrey Brass, Marcel TI Hyperimitation of Actions Is Related to Reduced Understanding of Others' Minds in Autism Spectrum Conditions SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Action; autism; fMRI; imitation; mirror neuron system; social cognition ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; MENTAL STATE ATTRIBUTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; DISORDERS; IMITATION; INDIVIDUALS; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; METAANALYSIS AB Background: Anecdotal evidence has noted that individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) frequently exhibit heightened spontaneous imitative behavior, with symptoms of echolalia and echopraxia. This is contrasted by empiric reports that ASC results in decreased imitation and an underlying deficit in the mirror system, leading to impaired social understanding. Thus, it remains unclear whether automatic imitation is enhanced in ASC and how this is related to poorer social abilities. Methods: This study investigated spontaneous imitation in 18 high-functioning adults with ASC and 18 age-and IQ-matched control participants during a simple imitation inhibition task. Mentalizing was experimentally assessed in the same participants using both behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures, as was social interaction using an observational measure. Results: Individuals with ASC showed increased imitation of hand actions compared with control participants and this was associated with reduced mentalizing and poorer reciprocal social interaction abilities. In the functional magnetic resonance imaging mentalizing paradigm, ASC participants with increased imitation scores showed less brain activation in areas often found to be active in mental state attribution, namely the medial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction. Conclusions: The results confirm the presence of hyperimitation in ASC, which is accompanied by reduced social cognition, suggesting that a general imitation impairment and a global mirror system deficit are absent. These findings offer an explanation for echopractic features based on theories of atypical functioning of top-down modulation processes in autism. C1 [Spengler, Stephanie] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Bird, Geoffrey] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Psychol Sci, London, England. [Brass, Marcel] Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Brass, Marcel] Univ Ghent, Ghent Inst Funct & Metab Imaging, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Spengler, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Stephanstr 1A, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM spengler@cbs.mpg.de RI Brass, Marcel/J-7082-2012 OI Brass, Marcel/0000-0002-3364-4019 FU European Community [012929]; Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) FX This work was supported by the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme, New and Emerging Science and Technology/Evolution, Development and Intentional Control of Imitation (Contract Number 012929) and the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom). 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Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1148 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.017 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 695QZ UT WOS:000285389000012 PM 21130224 ER PT J AU Bruining, H van Rijn, S Swaab, H Giltay, J Kates, W Kas, MJH van Engeland, H de Sonneville, L AF Bruining, Hilgo van Rijn, Sophie Swaab, Hanna Giltay, Jacques Kates, Wendy Kas, Martien J. H. van Engeland, Herman de Sonneville, Leo TI The Parent-of-Origin of the Extra X Chromosome May Differentially Affect Psychopathology in Klinefelter Syndrome SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Aneuploidy; autism; genetics; genomic conflict; imprinting; Klinefelter; parent-of-origin; schizophrenia; schizotypy; sex chromosomal disorder; sexual difference ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LINKED GENE-EXPRESSION; ALLELIC EXPRESSION; MOUSE-BRAIN; INACTIVATION; PHENOTYPE; SCHIZOTYPY; XXY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREVALENCE AB Background: Several genetic mechanisms have been proposed for the variability of the Klinefelter syndrome (KS) phenotype such as the parent-of-origin of the extra X chromosome. Parent-of-origin effects on behavior in KS can possibly provide insights into X-linked imprinting effects on psychopathology that may be extrapolated to other populations. Here, we investigated whether the parent-of-origin of the supernumerary X chromosome influences autistic and schizotypal symptom profiles in KS. Methods: Parent-of-origin of the X chromosome was determined through analysis of the polymorphic CAG tandem repeat of the androgen receptor gene. Autistic traits (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) were measured in a younger KS sample (n = 33) with KS and schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire) were assessed in an older KS sample (n = 43). Scale scores on these questionnaires were entered in statistical analyses to test parent-of-origin effects. Results: The results show that parent-of-origin of the X chromosome is reflected in autistic and schizotypal symptomatology. Differences were shown in the degree of both schizotypal and autistic symptoms between the parent-of-origin groups. Furthermore, the parent-of-origin could be correctly discriminated in more than 90% of subjects through Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised scales and in around 80% of subjects through Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire scales. Conclusions: These findings point to parent-of-origin effects on psychopathology in KS and indicate that imprinted X chromosomal genes may have differential effects on autistic and schizotypal traits. Further exploration of imprinting effects on psychopathology in KS is needed to confirm and expand on our findings. C1 [Bruining, Hilgo; van Engeland, Herman] Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bruining, Hilgo; Kas, Martien J. H.] Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Giltay, Jacques] Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Rijn, Sophie; Swaab, Hanna; de Sonneville, Leo] Leiden Univ, Dept Clin Child & Adolescent Studies, Leiden, Netherlands. [van Rijn, Sophie; Swaab, Hanna; de Sonneville, Leo] Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit, Leiden, Netherlands. [Kates, Wendy] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Kates, Wendy] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Program Neurosci, Syracuse, NY USA. [Kates, Wendy] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bruining, H (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Dept Psychiat, Heidelberglaan 100,Postbus 85500, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM h.bruining@Umcutrecht.nl FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health [MH64824]; Aton Pharma FX We thank Professor Ben Oostra for his assistance in preparing the manuscript. The research reported in this article was partially supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. MH64824 to Dr. Kates. Dr. Kates discloses that she is involved in a separate research study supported by Aton Pharma. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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Typically, cleavage divisions give way to longer asynchronous cell cycles with the acquisition of a gap phase. In Drosophila, rapid synchronous nuclear divisions must pause at the MBT to allow the formation of a cellular blastoderm through a special form of cytokinesis termed cellularization. Drosophila Fragile X mental retardation protein (dFMRP; FMR1), a transcript-specific translational regulator, is required for cellularization. The role of FMRP has been most extensively studied in the nervous system because the loss of FMRP activity in neurons causes the misexpression of specific mRNAs required for synaptic plasticity, resulting in mental retardation and autism in humans. Here, we show that in the early embryo dFMRP associates specifically with Caprin, another transcript-specific translational regulator implicated in synaptic plasticity, and with eIF4G, a key regulator of translational initiation. dFMRP and Caprin collaborate to control the cell cycle at the MBT by directly mediating the normal repression of maternal Cyclin B mRNA and the activation of zygotic fruhstart mRNA. These findings identify two new targets of dFMRP regulation and implicate conserved translational regulatory mechanisms in processes as diverse as learning, memory and early embryonic development. C1 [Papoulas, Ophelia; Monzo, Kathryn F.; Ryu, Young Hee; Sisson, John C.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect MCD Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Papoulas, Ophelia; Monzo, Kathryn F.; Ryu, Young Hee; Sisson, John C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cantin, Greg T.; Ruse, Cristian; Yates, John R., III] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Papoulas, O (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect MCD Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM papoulas@mail.utexas.edu RI Ruse, Cristian/A-4609-2011 OI Ruse, Cristian/0000-0001-8237-6308 FU NIH [P41 RR011823, R01 GM097562] FX We thank J. Sierra (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), J. GroBhans (ZMBH, Heidelberg), J. Wilhelm (U.C. San Diego), T. Kaufman (Indiana University), J. Raff (The Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK), P. Fisher (SUNY, Stonybrook) and C. Lehner (University of Zurich) for the generous gift of reagents, and D. Bilder (U.C. Berkeley) and the Patterson 2nd Floor Writing Workshop participants for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by NIH P41 RR011823 grant support to J.R.Y. and NIH R01 GM097562 to J.C.S. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. 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Bruneau, Nadine Cillario, Jennifer Ponsole-Lenfant, Magali Massacrier, Annick Rudolf, Gabrielle Khalife, Manal Hirsch, Edouard Fisher, Simon E. Szepetowski, Pierre TI Molecular networks implicated in speech-related disorders: FOXP2 regulates the SRPX2/uPAR complex SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ROLANDIC EPILEPSY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; GENE; PROTEIN; MICE; CHILDHOOD; MUTATIONS AB It is a challenge to identify the molecular networks contributing to the neural basis of human speech. Mutations in transcription factor FOXP2 cause difficulties mastering fluent speech (developmental verbal dyspraxia, DVD), whereas mutations of sushi-repeat protein SRPX2 lead to epilepsy of the rolandic (sylvian) speech areas, with DVD or with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria. Pathophysiological mechanisms driven by SRPX2 involve modified interaction with the plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Independent chromatin-immunoprecipitation microarray screening has identified the uPAR gene promoter as a potential target site bound by FOXP2. Here, we directly tested for the existence of a transcriptional regulatory network between human FOXP2 and the SRPX2/uPAR complex. In silico searches followed by gel retardation assays identified specific efficient FOXP2-binding sites in each of the promoter regions of SRPX2 and uPAR. In FOXP2-transfected cells, significant decreases were observed in the amounts of both SRPX2 (43.6%) and uPAR (38.6%) native transcripts. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that FOXP2 expression yielded a marked inhibition of SRPX2 (80.2%) and uPAR (77.5%) promoter activity. A mutant FOXP2 that causes DVD (p.R553H) failed to bind to SRPX2 and uPAR target sites and showed impaired down-regulation of SRPX2 and uPAR promoter activity. In a patient with polymicrogyria of the left rolandic operculum, a novel FOXP2 mutation (p.M406T) was found in the leucine-zipper (dimerization) domain. p.M406T partially impaired the FOXP2 regulation of SRPX2 promoter activity, whereas that of the uPAR promoter remained unchanged. Together with recently described FOXP2-CNTNAP2 and SRPX2/uPAR links, the FOXP2-SRPX2/uPAR network provides exciting insights into molecular pathways underlying speech-related disorders. C1 [Szepetowski, Pierre] Inst Neurobiol Mediterranee INMED, INSERM, UMRS901, Genet Epilepsies Isolees & Associees GEIA Grp, F-13273 Marseille 09, France. [Roll, Patrice; Bruneau, Nadine; Cillario, Jennifer; Ponsole-Lenfant, Magali; Massacrier, Annick; Khalife, Manal; Szepetowski, Pierre] INSERM, U910, F-13258 Marseille, France. [Roll, Patrice; Bruneau, Nadine; Cillario, Jennifer; Ponsole-Lenfant, Magali; Massacrier, Annick; Khalife, Manal; Szepetowski, Pierre] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Aix Marseille 2, France. [Vernes, Sonja C.; Fisher, Simon E.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Rudolf, Gabrielle; Hirsch, Edouard] Hop Univ Strasbourg, Dept Neurol, Strasbourg, France. RP Szepetowski, P (reprint author), Inst Neurobiol Mediterranee INMED, INSERM, UMRS901, Genet Epilepsies Isolees & Associees GEIA Grp, Parc Sci Luminy,BP 13, F-13273 Marseille 09, France. EM szepetowski@inmed.univ-mrs.fr RI Fisher, Simon/E-9130-2012; Vernes, Sonja/E-8454-2012 OI Fisher, Simon/0000-0002-3132-1996; Vernes, Sonja/0000-0003-0305-4584 FU INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale); ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche); FRC (Federation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau); Wellcome Trust [080971, 075491]; Autism Speaks; French MRT (Ministry of Research and Technology) FX This work was supported by INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale) and by grants from ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), FRC (Federation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau), the Wellcome Trust (project grant 080971 and core award 075491) and Autism Speaks. S.E.F. is a Royal Society Research Fellow. S.C.V. was funded by a Wellcome Trust VIP award and J.C. is a recipient of a French MRT (Ministry of Research and Technology) PhD fellowship. 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Mol. Genet. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 24 BP 4848 EP 4860 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddq415 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 685QC UT WOS:000284642200008 PM 20858596 ER PT J AU Murphy, TK Storch, EA Turner, A Reid, JM Tan, J Lewin, AB AF Murphy, T. K. Storch, E. A. Turner, A. Reid, J. M. Tan, J. Lewin, A. B. TI Maternal history of autoimmune disease in children presenting with tics and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autoimmune; PANDAS; Tics; Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Children; Maternal ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; ANTIBRAIN ANTIBODIES; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; THYROIDITIS; FAMILY; PANDAS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: A commonality across a number of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders is a higher than typical rate of familial and especially maternal autoimmune disease. Of recent interest, a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders known collectively as Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) is believed to be secondary to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity that occurs in relation to group A streptococcal infection. Thus, we hypothesized that a sample of children with OCD and/or tics would have an increased maternal risk for an autoimmune response relative to population norms. We also expected maternal prevalence of various autoimmune diseases to be higher among those participants that met the putative criteria for PANDAS. Methods: We examined, via structured interview, the medical history of the biological mothers of 107 children with OCD and/or tics. Results: Autoimmune disorders were reported in 17.8% of study mothers, which is significantly greater than the general prevalence among women in the United States (approximately 5%). Further, study mothers were more likely to report having an autoimmune disease if their children were considered "likely PANDAS" cases versus "unlikely PANDAS" cases. Conclusions: The results offer preliminary support for hypothesized links between maternal autoimmune disease and both OCD/tics and PANDAS in youth. Further research is necessary to clarify these general associations; links to specific autoimmune disease: and relevance of autoimmune disease in other family members (e.g., fathers). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, T. K.; Storch, E. A.; Turner, A.; Reid, J. M.; Tan, J.; Lewin, A. B.] Univ S Florida, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Rothman Ctr Neuropsychiat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Murphy, TK (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Rothman Ctr Neuropsychiat, 800 6th St S,4th Floor N Box 7523, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. 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Sporns, Olaf TI MR connectomics: Principles and challenges SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th FENS Meeting on Neuroanatomical Tracing and Systems Neuroscience - The State of the Art CY JUL 03, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Diffusion MRI; Tractography; Networks; Connectivity; Validation; Resting-state fMRI; Database ID DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI; HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; INTRINSIC FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; PERSISTENT ANGULAR STRUCTURE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN CONNECTIVITY; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY; CORTICAL NETWORKS; DEFAULT MODE; SMALL-WORLD AB MR connectomics is an emerging framework in neuro-science that combines diffusion MRI and whole brain tractography methodologies with the analytical tools of network science. In the present work we review the current methods enabling structural connectivity mapping with MRI and show how such data can be used to infer new information of both brain structure and function. We also list the technical challenges that should be addressed in the future to achieve high-resolution maps of structural connectivity. From the resulting tremendous amount of data that is going to be accumulated soon, we discuss what new challenges must be tackled in terms of methods for advanced network analysis and visualization, as well data organization and distribution. This new framework is well suited to investigate key questions on brain complexity and we try to foresee what fields will most benefit from these approaches. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hagmann, Patric; Meuli, Reto] Univ Lausanne CHUV UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hagmann, Patric; Cammoun, Leila; Gigandet, Xavier; Gerhard, Stephan; Thiran, Jean-Philippe] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Signal Proc Lab LTS5, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hagmann, Patric; Grant, P. Ellen] Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Newborn Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. [Hagmann, Patric; Grant, P. 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Recent genomic studies have revealed that inherited or de novo copy number variations (CNVs) are significantly involved in the pathophysiology of ASDs. In a previous report from our laboratory, we generated mice with CNVs as a model of ASDs, with a duplicated mouse chromosome 7C that is orthologous to human chromosome 15q11-13. Behavioral analyses revealed paternally duplicated (patDp/+) mice displayed abnormal behaviors resembling the symptoms of ASDs. In the present study, we extended these findings by performing various behavioral tests with C57BL/6J patDp/+ mice, and comprehensively measuring brain monoamine levels with ex vivo high performance liquid chromatography. Compared with wild-type controls, patDp/+ mice exhibited decreased locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field test, Y-maze test, and fear-conditioning test. Furthermore, their decreased activity levels overcame increased appetite induced by 24 hours of food deprivation in the novelty suppressed feeding test. Serotonin levels in several brain regions of adult patDp/+ mice were lower than those of wild-type control, with no concurrent changes in brain levels of dopamine or norepinephrine. Moreover, analysis of monoamines in postnatal developmental stages demonstrated reduced brain levels of serotonin in young patDp/+ mice. These findings suggest that a disrupted brain serotonergic system, especially during postnatal development, may generate the phenotypes of patDp/+ mice. C1 [Tamada, Kota; Tomonaga, Shozo; Hatanaka, Fumiyuki; Nakai, Nobuhiro; Nakatani, Jin; Takumi, Toru] Osaka Biosci Inst, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. [Tamada, Kota; Nakai, Nobuhiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan. [Tamada, Kota; Hatanaka, Fumiyuki; Nakai, Nobuhiro; Takumi, Toru] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Hiroshima, Japan. [Takao, Keizo; Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Frontier Technol Ctr, Kyoto, Japan. [Takao, Keizo; Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi] Fujita Hlth Univ, Inst Comprehens Med Sci, Div Syst Med, Aichi, Japan. [Takao, Keizo; Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi] Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Ctr Genet Anal Behav, Sect Behav Patterns, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. [Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi; Takumi, Toru] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Saitama, Japan. RP Tamada, K (reprint author), Osaka Biosci Inst, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. EM takumi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi/A-7741-2008 OI Miyakawa, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-0137-8200 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Integrative Brain Research (IBR-shien); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of Japan Science and Technology Agency; Foundation for Growth Science; Sankyo Foundation of Life Science; Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation; Takeda Science Foundation; Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders; Naito Foundation; Uehara Memorial Foundation; Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the promotion of Science; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd FX S.T. and J.N. were supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science fellowship. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Integrative Brain Research (IBR-shien), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of Japan Science and Technology Agency, and by research grants from the Foundation for Growth Science, the Sankyo Foundation of Life Science, the Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation, the Takeda Science Foundation, the Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, the Naito Foundation, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, the Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the promotion of Science, and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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L. Zukin, R. Suzanne Francesconi, Anna TI Caveolin-1 knockout mice exhibit impaired induction of mGluR-dependent long-term depression at CA3-CA1 synapses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; HIPPOCAMPAL AREA CA1; P42/44 MAP KINASE; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SCAFFOLDING DOMAIN; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CATIONIC CURRENT AB Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) are important to synaptic circuitry formation during development and to forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of mGluR1/5 signaling is implicated in some disorders of neuro-development, including fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of intellectual disabilities and leading cause of autism. Site(s) in the intracellular loops of mGluR1/5 directly bind caveolin-1, an adaptor protein that associates with membrane rafts. Caveolin-1 is the main coat component of caveolae and organizes macromolecular signaling complexes with effector proteins and membrane receptors. We report that long-term depression (LTD) elicited by a single application of the group I mGluR selective agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) was markedly attenuated at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses of mice lacking caveolin-1 (Cav1(-/-)), as assessed by field recording. In contrast, multiple applications of DHPG produced LTD comparable to that in WT mice. Passive membrane properties, basal glutamatergic transmission and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTD were unaltered. The remaining LTD was reduced by anisomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, by U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinases, and by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), suggesting mediation by the same mechanisms as in WT. mGluR1/5-dependent activation (phosphorylation) of MEK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was altered in Cav1(-/-) mice; basal phosphorylation was increased, but a single application of DHPG had no further effect, and after DHPG, phosphorylation was similar in WT and Cav1(-/-) mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that caveolin-1 is required for normal coupling of mGluR1/5 to downstream signaling cascades and induction of mGluR-LTD. C1 [Takayasu, Yukihiro; Takeuchi, Koichi; Kumari, Ranju; Bennett, Michael V. L.; Zukin, R. Suzanne; Francesconi, Anna] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dominick P Purpura Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Bennett, MVL (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dominick P Purpura Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM michael.bennett@einstein.yu.edu; anna.francesconi@einstein.yu.edu FU Japanese Society for Promotion of Sciences Young Scientist [21791592]; NIH [NS55363, NS20752, MH082870]; FRAXA Research Foundation FX We thank Adrianna Latuszek for excellent technical assistance and Reed Carroll, Pablo Castillo, and Andres Chavez for insightful scientific discussion. This work was supported by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Sciences Young Scientist Grant-in-Aid 21791592 ( to Y.T.), NIH Grants NS55363 (to M.V.L.B.), NS20752 (to R.S.Z.), and MH082870 (to A.F.); and a FRAXA Research Foundation grant (to A.F.). M.V.L.B. is the Sylvia and Robert S. Olnick Professor of Neuroscience and Distinguished Professor. R.S.Z. is the F.M. Kirby Professor of Neural Repair and Protection. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21778 EP 21783 DI 10.1073/pnas.1015553107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500099 PM 21098662 ER PT J AU Pobbe, RLH Pearson, BL Defensor, EB Bolivar, VJ Blanchard, DC Blanchard, RJ AF Pobbe, Roger L. H. Pearson, Brandon L. Defensor, Erwin B. Bolivar, Valerie J. Blanchard, D. Caroline Blanchard, Robert J. TI Expression of social behaviors of C57BL/6J versus BTBR inbred mouse strains in the visible burrow system SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Social behavior; Visible burrow system; Mouse models; BTBR ID REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL-MODELS; T+TF/J MICE; AUTISM; GENETICS; RELEVANT; DISORDER; SPECTRUM; NEUROBIOLOGY; PHENOTYPES AB The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. Mouse models with behavioral phenotypes relevant to these core symptoms offer an experimental approach to advance the investigation of genes associated with ASD. Previous findings demonstrate that BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that shows robust behavioral phenotypes with analogies to all three of the diagnostic symptoms of ASD. In the present study, we investigated the expression of social behaviors in a semi-natural visible burrow system (VBS), during colony formation and maintenance in groups comprising three adult male mice of the same strain, either C57BL/6J (B6) or BTBR. For comparative purposes, an extensively investigated three-chambered test was subsequently used to assess social approach in both strains. The effects of strain on these two situations were consistent and highly significant. In the VBS, BTBR mice showed reductions in all interactive behaviors: approach (front and back), flight, chase/follow, allo-grooming and huddling, along with increases in self-grooming and alone, as compared to B6. These results were corroborated in the three-chambered test: in contrast to B6, male BTBR mice failed to spend more time in the side of the test box containing the unfamiliar CD-1 mouse. Overall, the present data indicates that the strain profile for BTBR mice, including consistent social deficits and high levels of repetitive self-grooming, models multiple components of the ASD phenotype. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pobbe, Roger L. H.; Pearson, Brandon L.; Defensor, Erwin B.; Blanchard, D. Caroline; Blanchard, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY USA. [Blanchard, D. Caroline] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Blanchard, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pobbe, RLH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, 1993 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rogerlh@hawaii.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [MH081845-01A2] FX The present study was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant MH081845-01A2 to RJB. The authors also wish to thank Jacqueline N. Crawley for her help and advice. 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Brain Res. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 214 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.06.025 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 643SJ UT WOS:000281318700037 PM 20600340 ER PT J AU Garcia, VA Dornelles, AS Presti-Torres, J Alcalde, LA Halmenschlager, LH Schwartsmann, G Roesler, R Lucion, AB Schroder, N AF Garcia, Vanessa A. Dornelles, Arethuza S. Presti-Torres, Juliana Alcalde, Luisa A. Halmenschlager, Luis Henrique Schwartsmann, Gilberto Roesler, Rafael Lucion, Aldo B. Schroder, Nadja TI Neonatal gastrin-releasing peptide receptor blockade reduces maternal odor preference in rats SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor; RC-3095; Maternal odor preference; Odor-shock conditioning; Attachment; Autism ID OLFACTORY-BULB; AFFILIATIVE BEHAVIOR; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; ANTAGONIST; AMYGDALA; ATTACHMENT; RC-3095; DISORDERS; AUTISM; FEAR AB Alterations in attachment behavior might play a role in the dysfunction in social behavior displayed by autistic infants. Here we show that neonatal gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) blockade induces a reduction in maternal odor preference, a task involving attachment behavior, in infant rats. These findings provide the first evidence that the GRPR regulates odor preference, supporting the view that the GRPR is involved in attachment and social behaviors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, Vanessa A.; Dornelles, Arethuza S.; Presti-Torres, Juliana; Alcalde, Luisa A.; Halmenschlager, Luis Henrique; Schroder, Nadja] Pontifical Catholic Univ, Fac Biosci, Neurobiol & Dev Biol Lab, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Schwartsmann, Gilberto] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Schwartsmann, Gilberto; Roesler, Rafael] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Sch Med, Univ Hosp Res Ctr CPE HCPA, Canc Res Lab, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Dornelles, Arethuza S.; Presti-Torres, Juliana; Halmenschlager, Luis Henrique; Schwartsmann, Gilberto; Roesler, Rafael; Schroder, Nadja] Natl Inst Translat Med INCT TM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Roesler, Rafael] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Basic Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Lab Mol Neuropharrnacol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Lucion, Aldo B.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Basic Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Lab Behav Neuroendocrinol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Schroder, N (reprint author), Pontifical Catholic Univ, Fac Biosci, Neurobiol & Dev Biol Lab, Av Ipiranga 6681,Predio 12C,Sala 340, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM nadja.schroder@pucrs.br RI TM, Inct/J-8630-2013; Lucion, Aldo/L-1518-2014 FU National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT); South American Office for Anticancer Drug Development (SOAD; Porto Alegre, Brazil); Children's Cancer Institute (ICI-RS; Porto Alegre, Brazil) FX This research was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT program). G.S. and R.R. are supported by CNPq, the South American Office for Anticancer Drug Development (SOAD; Porto Alegre, Brazil); and the Children's Cancer Institute (ICI-RS; Porto Alegre, Brazil). Authors thank Bruno Carlo Cerpa Aranda, Gustavo Vedana, and Dr. Maria Noemia Martins de Lima for excellent technical assistance. 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Here, we identify the KA1 domain (kinase associated-1 domain), found at the C terminus of yeast septin-associated kinases (Kcc4p, Gin4p, and Hsl1p) and human MARK/PAR1 kinases, as a membrane association domain that binds acidic phospholipids. Membrane localization of isolated KA1 domains depends on phosphatidylserine. Using X-ray crystallography, we identified a structurally conserved binding site for anionic phospholipids in KA1 domains from Kcc4p and MARK1. Mutating this site impairs membrane association of both KA1 domains and intact proteins and reveals the importance of phosphatidylserine for bud neck localization of yeast Kcc4p. Our data suggest that KA1 domains contribute to "coincidence detection," allowing kinases to bind other regulators (such as septins) only at the membrane surface. These findings have important implications for understanding MARK/PAR1 kinases, which are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and autism. C1 [Moravcevic, Katarina; Mendrola, Jeannine M.; Lemmon, Mark A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Moravcevic, Katarina; Schmitz, Karl R.; Slochower, David; Janmey, Paul A.; Lemmon, Mark A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Grad Grp Biochem & Mol Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Janmey, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Yu-Hsiu] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Yu-Hsiu; Slochower, David; Janmey, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Inst Med & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lemmon, MA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mlemmon@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NCI [Y1-CO-1020]; NIGMS [Y1-GM-1104]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NIGMS; NSF [DMR-0936384]; NIH [RR-01646, R01-GM056846]; American Heart Association Great Rivers Affiliate FX We thank members of the Lemmon, Ferguson, and Bi laboratories and Ben Black, Jim Shorter, and Greg Van Duyne for constructive comments. Erfei Bi, Scott Emr, and Daryll DeWald provided yeast strains used in this study. Crystallographic data were collected in part at the GM/CA Collaborative Access Team at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), funded by NCI (Y1-CO-1020) and NIGMS (Y1-GM-1104). Use of APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Additional crystallographic data were collected at beamline F2 at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), supported by NIGMS and the NSF (under award DMR-0936384), using the Macromolecular Diffraction at CHESS (MacCHESS) facility, supported by the NIH (award RR-01646). 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To investigate and compare the rate and type of psychiatric co-morbidity in individuals with diagnosis of high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's disorder (AS). Methods. This study includes 30 children and adolescents with diagnosis of HFA and 30 with diagnosis of AS. Diagnoses of HFA and AS were made using strict DSM-IV criteria. Psychiatric co-morbidity was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-T). Results. The rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders was very high in both groups (93.3% in HFA and 100% in AS). The most common disorder in both groups was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the rate of associated psychiatric disorders, except for major depressive disorder (P = 0.029) and ADHD-combined type (P = 0.030). The AS group displayed greater comorbidity with depressive disorders and ADHD-CT. Conclusion. 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TI Neural signatures of autism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE endophenotype; functional magnetic resonance imaging ID BIOLOGICAL MOTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL COGNITION; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; HUMAN BRAIN; ACTIVATION; INDIVIDUALS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; FMRI AB Functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain responses to biological motion in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), unaffected siblings (US) of children with ASD, and typically developing (TD) children has revealed three types of neural signatures: (i) state activity, related to the state of having ASD that characterizes the nature of disruption in brain circuitry; (ii) trait activity, reflecting shared areas of dysfunction in US and children with ASD, thereby providing a promising neuroendophenotype to facilitate efforts to bridge genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity; and (iii) compensatory activity, unique to US, suggesting a neural system-level mechanism by which US might compensate for an increased genetic risk for developing ASD. The distinct brain responses to biological motion exhibited by TD children and US are striking given the identical behavioral profile of these two groups. These findings offer far-reaching implications for our understanding of the neural systems underlying autism. C1 [Kaiser, Martha D.; Hudac, Caitlin M.; Shultz, Sarah; Lee, Su Mei; Cheung, Celeste; Berken, Allison M.; Deen, Ben; Pitskel, Naomi B.; Sugrue, Daniel R.; Voos, Avery C.; Saulnier, Celine A.; Ventola, Pamela; Wolf, Julie M.; Klin, Ami; Vander Wyk, Brent C.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Shultz, Sarah; Lee, Su Mei; Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Pelphrey, KA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM kevin.pelphrey@yale.edu RI Cheung, Celeste /B-5941-2012 FU Yale Magnetic Research Resonance Imaging Center; Yale Child Study Center; Simons Foundation; John Merck Scholars Fund; Autism Speaks; National Institute of Mental Health; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank the children and families who made this research possible. We thank the Yale Magnetic Research Resonance Imaging Center and Yale Child Study Center Autism Program for their support. This work was funded by grants from The Simons Foundation, The John Merck Scholars Fund, Autism Speaks, and the National Institute of Mental Health (to K. A. P.). S. S. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 49 BP 21223 EP 21228 DI 10.1073/pnas.1010412107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 690ZY UT WOS:000285050800068 PM 21078973 ER PT J AU Langreth, R AF Langreth, Robert TI Decoding Autism SO FORBES LA English DT Article AB MIT researcher Mark Bear thinks that some forms of autism and mental retardation may be treatable with drugs already on laboratory shelves. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FORBES INC PI NEW YORK PA 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0015-6914 J9 FORBES JI Forbes PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 186 IS 10 SI SI BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 685UX UT WOS:000284654700021 ER PT J AU Spence, SJ Thurm, A AF Spence, S. J. Thurm, A. TI Testing autism interventions: trials and tribulations (vol 375, pg 2124, 2010) SO LANCET LA English DT Correction C1 [Spence, S. J.; Thurm, A.] NIMH, Pediat & Dev Neurosci Branch, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Spence, SJ (reprint author), NIMH, Pediat & Dev Neurosci Branch, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CR Spence SJ, 2010, LANCET, V375, P2124, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60757-X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9756 BP 1902 EP 1902 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 696KH UT WOS:000285439800030 ER PT J AU Parise, E Friederici, AD Striano, T AF Parise, Eugenio Friederici, Angela D. Striano, Tricia TI "Did You Call Me?" 5-Month-Old Infants Own Name Guides Their Attention SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; EYE GAZE; JOINT ATTENTION; BRAIN RESPONSES; 4-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; 6-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; HOME VIDEOTAPES; VOCAL CUES; RECOGNITION; OBJECTS AB An infant's own name is a unique social cue. Infants are sensitive to their own name by 4 months of age, but whether they use their names as a social cue is unknown. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured as infants heard their own name or stranger's names and while looking at novel objects. Event related brain potentials (ERPs) in response to names revealed that infants differentiate their own name from stranger names from the first phoneme. The amplitude of the ERPs to objects indicated that infants attended more to objects after hearing their own names compared to another name. Thus, by 5 months of age infants not only detect their name, but also use it as a social cue to guide their attention to events and objects in the world. C1 [Parise, Eugenio; Friederici, Angela D.; Striano, Tricia] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany. [Parise, Eugenio] Cent European Univ, Cognit Dev Ctr, Budapest, Hungary. [Striano, Tricia] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Parise, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany. EM eugenioparise@tiscali.it; tstriano@hunter.cuny.edu FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Humboldt Research Fellowship; Calabria Region, Italy FX This research was supported by the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, donated by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, to T. Striano (http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/start.html). In addition, E. Parise was funded by a Humboldt Research Fellowship and by a grant from Calabria Region, Italy (http://www.regione.calabria.it/ricerca). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Feldman, Ruth TI Oxytocin, cortisol, and triadic family interactions SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Parent-infant relationship; Family interactions; Mothering; Fathering; Oxytocin; Cortisol; Synchrony ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADRENAL AXIS ACTIVITY; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; PARENT-CHILD; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; SOCIAL ATTACHMENT; STRESS RESPONSES; PLASMA OXYTOCIN; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) supports the development of parenting in mammals primarily through its impact on parent-infant proximity and touch behaviors however much less is known about the links between OT and parental touch and contact in humans In this study we examined the relations between maternal and paternal OT and patterns of touch and contact in the family unit during triadic interactions Thirty-seven parents and their firstborn child were seen twice during the 2nd and 6th postpartum month Plasma OT and salivary cortisol (CT) were assessed with ELISA methods At six months triadic mother-father-infant interactions were videotaped and micro-coded for patterns of proximity touch and gaze behavior Triadic synchrony defined as moments of coordination between physical proximity and affectionate touch between the parents as well as between parent and infant while both parent and child are synchronizing their social gaze was predicted by both maternal and paternal OT Among mothers triadic synchrony was also independently related to lower levels of CT Results highlight the role of OT in the early formation of the family unit at the transition to parenthood (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Gordon, Ilanit; Feldman, Ruth] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Psychol, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 434 EP U70 DI 10.1017/S0140525X10001457 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 812XR UT WOS:000294327400003 ER PT J AU Evers, K Noens, I Steyaert, J Wagemans, J AF Evers, Kris Noens, Ilse Steyaert, Jean Wagemans, Johan TI Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression in autism SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material AB We outline three possible shortcomings of the SIMS model and specify these by applying the model to autism. First, the SIMS model assigns a causal role to brain processes, thereby excluding individual and situational factors. Second, there is no room for subjective and high-level conceptual processes in the model. Third, disentangling the different stages in the model is very difficult. C1 [Evers, Kris; Wagemans, Johan] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Expt Psychol Lab, Louvain, Belgium. [Evers, Kris; Steyaert, Jean] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Dept Neurosci, Louvain, Belgium. [Noens, Ilse] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Ctr Parenting Child Welf & Disabil, Louvain, Belgium. [Evers, Kris; Noens, Ilse; Steyaert, Jean; Wagemans, Johan] Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Res Consortium LAuRes, Louvain, Belgium. RP Evers, K (reprint author), Univ Leuven KU Leuven, Expt Psychol Lab, Louvain, Belgium. EM kris.evers@psy.kuleuven.be; ilse.noens@ped.kuleuven.be; jean.steyaert@med.kuleuven.be; johan.wagemans@psy.kuleuven.be RI X, Simon/F-4678-2011; Steyaert, Jean/B-5326-2015 OI Steyaert, Jean/0000-0003-2512-4694 CR Amaral DG, 2008, TRENDS NEUROSCI, V31, P137, DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.005 Bourgeron T, 2009, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V19, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.003 Rizzolatti G, 2008, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V18, P179, DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2008.08.001 Tager-Flusberg H, 2007, CURR DIR PSYCHOL SCI, V16, P311, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00527.x NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 445 EP U101 DI 10.1017/S0140525X10001500 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 812XR UT WOS:000294327400014 ER PT J AU Senju, A Johnson, MH AF Senju, Atsushi Johnson, Mark H. TI Is eye contact the key to the social brain? SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FACE; EXPRESSIONS; VOLUNTARY; CHILDREN; MIMICRY AB Eye contact plays a critical role in many aspects of face processing, including the processing of smiles. We propose that this is achieved by a subcortical route, which is activated by eye contact and modulates the cortical areas involve in social cognition, including the processing of facial expression. This mechanism could be impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. C1 [Senju, Atsushi; Johnson, Mark H.] Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Birkbeck Coll, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Senju, A (reprint author), Univ London, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Birkbeck Coll, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM a.senju@bbk.ac.uk; mark.johnson@bbk.ac.uk FU ESRC [RES-063-27-0207]; UK Medical Research Council [G0701484] FX Atsushi Senju was supported by an ESRC Research Fellowship (RES-063-27-0207), and Mark H. Johnson was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (G0701484). CR Bailey AJ, 2005, EUR J NEUROSCI, V21, P2575, DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04061.x Chawarska K, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1663, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0803-7 Elsabbagh M, 2009, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V65, P31, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.034 George N, 2001, NEUROIMAGE, V13, P1102, DOI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0769 Johnson MH, 2005, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V6, P766, DOI 10.1038/nrn1766 Kleinhans NM, 2008, BRAIN, V131, P1000, DOI 10.1093/brain/awm334 Magnee MJCM, 2007, NEUROREPORT, V18, P369, DOI 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32801776e6 McIntosh DN, 2006, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V9, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00492.x Oberman LM, 2009, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V12, P510, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00796.x Senju A, 2009, NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R, V33, P1204, DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.001 Senju A, 2003, COGNITION, V89, pB43, DOI 10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00081-7 Senju A, 2009, TRENDS COGN SCI, V13, P127, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.009 Tomalski P, 2009, NEUROREPORT, V20, P1309, DOI 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832f0acd NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 458 EP U138 DI 10.1017/S0140525X10001275 PG 3 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 812XR UT WOS:000294327400027 ER PT J AU Winkielman, P AF Winkielman, Piotr TI Embodied and disembodied processing of emotional expressions: Insights from autism spectrum disorders SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; CHILDREN; MIMICRY; INDIVIDUALS; VOLUNTARY AB Processing of facial expressions goes beyond simple pattern recognition. To elucidate this problem, Niedenthal et al. offer a model that identifies multiple embodied and disembodied routes for expression processing, and spell out conditions triggering use of different routes. I elaborate on this model by discussing recent research on emotional recognition in individuals with autism, who can use multiple routes of emotion processing, and consequently can show atypical and typical patterns of embodied simulation and mimicry. C1 [Winkielman, Piotr] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Winkielman, Piotr] Warsaw Sch Social Sci & Humanities, Dept Psychol, PL-03815 Warsaw, Poland. RP Winkielman, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pwinkiel@ucsd.edu RI X, Simon/F-4678-2011 CR Dapretto M, 2006, NAT NEUROSCI, V9, P28, DOI 10.1038/nn1611 Magnee MJCM, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P1122, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01779.x McIntosh DN, 2006, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V9, P295, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00492.x Oberman LM, 2008, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V46, P1558, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.010 Oberman LM, 2009, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V12, P510, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00796.x Oberman LM, 2007, SOC NEUROSCI, V2, P167, DOI 10.1080/17470910701391943 Oberman LM, 2005, COGNITIVE BRAIN RES, V24, P190, DOI 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.014 Rutherford MD, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P187, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0151-9 Stel M, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1250, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0505-y Theoret H, 2005, CURR BIOL, V15, pR84, DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.022 Winkielman P, 2009, EMOT REV, V2, P178 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 463 EP U150 DI 10.1017/S0140525X10001640 PG 3 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 812XR UT WOS:000294327400031 ER PT J AU Tanaka, M DeLorey, TM Delgado-Escueta, AV Olsen, RW AF Tanaka, Miyabi DeLorey, Timothy M. Delgado-Escueta, Antonio V. Olsen, Richard W. TI GABRB3, epilepsy, and neurodevelopment SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Angelman syndrome; Autism spectrum disorder; beta 3 subunit of GABA(A) receptor; Childhood absence epilepsy; Embryonic brain; Rett syndrome; Seizures AB P>GABRB3 is important to neurodevelopment, and appears to be influenced by non-Mendelian and epigenetic mechanisms. GABRB3 abnormalities have been implicated in a variety of neurodevelopmental conditions presenting epilepsy phenotypes, including childhood absence epilepsy, Angelman syndrome, and autism. Gabrb3 disruption in mice also results in seizure phenotypes, ataxia, and sensory and learning disorders. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books). C1 [Olsen, Richard W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tanaka, Miyabi; Delgado-Escueta, Antonio V.] VA GLAHS W Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [DeLorey, Timothy M.] Mol Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Olsen, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Room CHS 23-120,650 Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rolsen@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIH [NS35985, MH65393] FX NIH grants NS35985 and MH65393. CR DELAHANTY RJ, 2009, MOL PSYCHIAT 1124 DeLorey TM, 1998, J NEUROSCI, V18, P8505 DeLorey TM, 2008, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V187, P207, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.09.009 Tanaka M, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P1249, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.020 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 SU 5 BP 77 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02863.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 695QV UT WOS:000285388600072 ER PT J AU Cho, IH Yoo, HJ Kim, SA Park, M Ch, SC Park, TW AF Cho, I. H. Yoo, H. J. Kim, S. A. Park, M. Ch, S. C. Park, T. W. TI First genome-wide association study in Asian population in autism spectrum disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE GWAS; Autism spectrum disorder; FHIT; SLC6A2 C1 [Cho, I. H.] Gachon Univ Med & Sci, Inchon, South Korea. [Yoo, H. J.; Ch, S. C.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Kim, S. A.; Park, M.] Eulji Univ, Songnam, South Korea. [Park, T. W.] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju, South Korea. [Park, T. W.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 709 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.195 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600192 ER PT J AU Bredlau, SM AF Bredlau, Susan M. TI A Respectful World: Merleau-Ponty and the Experience of Depth SO HUMAN STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Merleau-Ponty; Depth; Phenomenology; Autism; Cerebral palsy; Maintenance Art AB The everyday experience of someone, or something, getting in one's face reveals a depth that is the difference between a world that is intrusive and a world that is respectful. This depth, I argue, should be conceived, not in feet and inches, but in terms of violation and honor. I explore three factors that contribute to this depth's emergence. First, I examine our body's capacity, at the level of sense experience, for giving the world a figure/ground structure; this structure insures that most of the world we are in constant contact with, nonetheless, keeps its distance as background. I demonstrate the importance of this figure/ground structure to the depth of our world by considering the experience of people with autism; for those with autism, this structure seems to be, if not entirely missing, at least substantially less robust than our own. Next, I examine our body's ability, at the level of more personal experience, to handle the world; our handling of the world, which rests on the acquisition of specific skills, transforms things that could easily assault us into the usually motionless objects we tend to take for granted. I demonstrate the importance of these skills to the depth of our world by considering the experience of Gregg Mozgalla; until recently, Mozgalla, who has cerebral palsy, could only "lurch," rather than walk, through the world. Finally, I draw on the work of the artist Mierle Ukeles to examine the maintenance work that other people, at a broader social level, perform; other's maintenance work keeps in good condition a world that, by falling into bad condition, could easily intrude on us. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Philosophy, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Bredlau, SM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Philosophy, POB 6011, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM Susan.Bredlau@nau.edu CR Beauvoir De, 1989, 2 SEX BOSLAND K, 2010, GOOD MORNING AM 0119 BREDLAU S, 2007, CHIASMI INT, V9 DEUTSCHER G, 2009, NY TIMES MAGAZI 0828, P42 FINKELPEARL T, 2000, DIALOGUES PUBLIC ART, P295 GENZLINGER N, 2009, NY TIMES 1129 Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES Heidegger M., 1962, BEING TIME John Russon, 2003, HUMAN EXPERIENCE PHI Kohler W., 1940, DYNAMICS PSYCHOL MAZIS G, 2010, MERLEAU PONTY LIMITS Merleau-Ponty M., 1967, PHENOMENOLOGY PERCEP Morris D., 2004, SENSE SPACE STEINBOCK AJ, 1987, MERLEAU PONTY CONCEP WEISBERG R, 2002, SOUND FURY WILLIAMS D, 1993, NOBODY NOWHERE Young Iris, 1998, BODY FLESH PHILOS RE NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-8548 J9 HUM STUD JI Hum. Stud. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s10746-011-9173-1 PG 13 WC Ethics; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 730IX UT WOS:000288028100003 ER PT J AU Merikangas, AK Heron, EA Anney, RJL Corvin, AP Gallagher, L AF Merikangas, Alison K. Heron, Elizabeth A. Anney, Richard J. L. Corvin, Aiden P. Gallagher, Louise CA Autism Genome Project TI Investigating the Association Between Rare Copy Number Variation and Developmental Anomalies in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 10-12, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 [Merikangas, Alison K.; Heron, Elizabeth A.; Anney, Richard J. L.; Corvin, Aiden P.; Gallagher, Louise] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Autism Genome Project] AGP Consortium, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 MA 44 BP 929 EP 929 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 686TR UT WOS:000284719100057 ER PT J AU Salyakina, D Cukier, HN Ma, DQ Jaworski, JM Cuccaro, ML Gilbert, JR Williams, SM Menon, RK Pericak-Vance, MA AF Salyakina, Daria Cukier, Holly N. Ma, Deqiong Jaworski, James M. Cuccaro, Michael L. Gilbert, John R. Williams, Scott M. Menon, Ram K. Pericak-Vance, Margaret A. TI Copy Number Variants Segregate in Extended Families with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 10-12, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 [Salyakina, Daria; Cukier, Holly N.; Ma, Deqiong; Jaworski, James M.; Cuccaro, Michael L.; Gilbert, John R.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.] Univ Miami, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Williams, Scott M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. [Menon, Ram K.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Menon, Ram K.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 MA 45 BP 929 EP 929 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 686TR UT WOS:000284719100058 ER PT J AU Chang, SC Pauls, DL Lange, C Lasky-Su, J Daly, M Santangelo, SL AF Chang, Shun-Chiao Pauls, David L. Lange, Christoph Lasky-Su, Jessica Daly, Mark Santangelo, Susan L. TI Male-Specific Risk Alleles of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Genome-wide Association Analysis SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the International-Genetic-Epidemiology-Society CY OCT 10-12, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Int Genet Epidemiol Soc C1 [Chang, Shun-Chiao; Lange, Christoph] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pauls, David L.; Daly, Mark; Santangelo, Susan L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lasky-Su, Jessica] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Labs, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lasky-Su, Jessica] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 MA 178 BP 966 EP 966 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Genetics & Heredity; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 686TR UT WOS:000284719100186 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Comprehensive Autism Treatment Center to Debut in 2012 SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL NURSING AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0279-3695 J9 J PSYCHOSOC NURS MEN JI J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 12 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 720CC UT WOS:000287256800006 ER PT J AU Volders, K Callaerts, P Creemers, J AF Volders, Karolien Callaerts, Patrick Creemers, John TI Functional characterization of Neurobeachin/rugose, a candidate gene for autism SO JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Volders, Karolien; Creemers, John] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Human Genet, Biochem Neuroendocrinol Lab, Louvain, Belgium. [Callaerts, Patrick] Katholieke Univ Leuven VIB, Dept Human Genet, Lab Dev Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM Karolien.Volders@med.kuleuven.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0167-7063 J9 J NEUROGENET JI J. Neurogenet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 SU 1 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 684GD UT WOS:000284537500158 ER PT J AU Rai, V AF Rai, Vandana TI Autism Susceptibility Genes Identification by Linkage Analysis: A Review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Linkage; Genome-wide Screening; Candidate Gene; Neuro-development; Disorder ID RECEPTOR SUBUNIT GENES; HOMEOBOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; SPECTRUM DISORDER; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHROMOSOME 7Q; RETT-SYNDROME; CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES AB Autism is a complex neuropsychiatry disorder that is heterogeneous both in its phenotypic expression and etiology. It is characterized by deficits in verbal communications, impairments in social interactions, and, repetitive behaviors. Family studies have shown that autism runs in families and twin studies indicate that the basis of, that familial aggregation is genetic. Numerous strategies arc currently being employed to attempt to locate autism susceptibility genes-like linkage and candidate gene approaches, and during past decade several whole genome scan were carried out for the identification of autism susceptibility loci. These GWS and linkage studies have identified a number of suggestive loci most notably-2q, 7q, 15q11-13, 17q and Xq, but the results have been inconclusive and fine mapping and association studies have failed to identify the underlying genes. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current status of autism susceptibility gene research. C1 VBS Purvanchal Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Jaunpur 222001, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Rai, V (reprint author), VBS Purvanchal Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Jaunpur 222001, Uttar Pradesh, India. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1177/0190272510389003 PG 6 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 697HQ UT WOS:000285504300007 ER PT J AU Hammond, DL Whatley, AD Ayres, KM Gast, DL AF Hammond, Diana L. Whatley, Abigail D. Ayres, Kevin M. Gast, David L. TI Effectiveness of Video Modeling to teach iPod use to Students with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID DAILY LIVING SKILLS; PURCHASING SKILLS; YOUNG-ADULTS; INSTRUCTION; AUTISM; CHILDREN; SIMULATION; PROMPTS AB The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of video modeling delivered via computer on accurate and independent use of an iPod by three participants with moderate intellectual disabilities. In the context of combined multiple probes across participants and replicated across tasks, three female middle school students learned to watch a movie, listen to music, and look at photos on an iPod. Video clips were created in point of view, as if participants were performing the task and presented via video modeling on an IBM computer. During instruction, participants watched the videos of the entire task they were currently learning. In addition to data on accuracy of responding, data were also collected on efficiency measures (number of sessions and number and percentage of errors to criterion), as well as on types of errors (latency, duration, and topographic). Results indicate that participants acquired the response following video modeling and could independently use the iPod. Students maintained most tasks on follow-up probe trials; however, on skills that deteriorated, students were effectively retrained with video booster sessions. C1 [Hammond, Diana L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Commun Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Whatley, Abigail D.] Gwinnett Cty Publ Sch, Gwinnett Cty, GA USA. 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(2005) present a review substantiating how single-subject research methodology can be utilized to determine whether interventions are evidence-based practices (EBPs). The current study utilized the Homer et al. research piece to: (a) systematically identify a set of quality standards for the evaluation of single-case research methodology used with learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), (b) operationalize these standards for evaluators, (c) investigate three additional quality indicators related to external validity (multiple studies, locations, and researchers), (d) create a protocol for evaluators, and (e) gather and analyze data from studies that meet a set of predefined criteria. 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TI Emotional Intelligence in Asperger Syndrome: Implications of Dissonance between Intellect and Affect SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; REGULATION ABILITIES; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; VALIDITY; ADULTS; EMPATHY; MIND AB Although many individuals with AS keenly desire social relationships, they are often unsuccessful in developing and maintaining them. Emotional intelligence (El) as both an ability and trait is a construct that offers potential to enhance understanding of emotional and social characteristics of individuals with AS. Twenty-five young adults (aged 16-21 years) diagnosed with AS participated in an exploratory study that investigated El. Trends and differences between AS and normative groups were examined. Correlation and multiple regressions were employed to explore relationships amongst variables. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 SU 462 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 685GC UT WOS:000284616200047 ER PT J AU de Lima, CB Torgal, GF Ximenes, MJ Santos, T AF de Lima, C. Bandeira Torgal, G. F. Ximenes, M. J. Santos, T. TI CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER IN AUTISM SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [de Lima, C. Bandeira; Ximenes, M. J.; Santos, T.] Hosp Santa Maria, Dept Paediat, Child Neurodev Clin, Lisbon, Portugal. [de Lima, C. Bandeira; Torgal, G. F.] LogicaMentes, Child Neurodev Clin, Lisbon, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 SU 462 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 685GC UT WOS:000284616200114 ER PT J AU Sigatullina, M Matchanov, O Sadikova, G AF Sigatullina, M. Matchanov, O. Sadikova, G. TI EEG FINDINGS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF EPILEPSY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sigatullina, M.; Matchanov, O.; Sadikova, G.] Tashkent Pediat Med Inst, Child Neurol Dept, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 SU 462 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 685GC UT WOS:000284616200205 ER PT J AU Lemonnier, E Ben-Ari, Y AF Lemonnier, Eric Ben-Ari, Yehezkel TI The diuretic bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour in five infants treated during 3 months with no side effects SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Bumetanide; Chloride transport; Therapeutic actions of a diuretic ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RATING-SCALE; FETAL-BRAIN; GABA; CHILDREN; OSCILLATIONS; HIPPOCAMPUS; OXYTOCIN; EPILEPSY; SEIZURES AB The inhibitory transmitter GABA has been suggested to play an important role in infantile autistic syndrome (IAS), and extensive investigations suggest that excitatory actions of GABA in neurological disorders are because of a persistent increase of [Cl(-)](I). Aims: To test the effects of the chloride co-transporter NKCC1 diuretic compound Bumetanide that reduces [Cl(-)](I) on IAS. Methods: Bumetanide was administered daily (1 mg daily) during a 3 -month period and clinical and biological tests made. We used 5 standard IAS severity tests - Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Aberrant Behaviour Checklist, Clinical Global Impressions; Repetitive and Restrictive Behaviour and the Regulation Disorder Evaluation Grid. Results: We report a significant improvement in IAS with no side effects. Conclusion: Bumetanide decreases autistic behaviour with no side effects suggesting that diuretic agents may exert beneficial effects on IAS and that alterations of the actions of GABA may be efficient in IAS treatment calling for large scale randomized trials. C1 [Lemonnier, Eric] CHRU Brest Hop Bohars, Ctr Ressources Autisme Bretagne, Bohars, France. [Ben-Ari, Yehezkel] Univ Aix Marseille 2, INSERM, INMED, U901, Marseilles, France. RP Lemonnier, E (reprint author), CHRU Brest Hop Bohars, Ctr Ressources Autisme Bretagne, Route Ploudalmezeau, Bohars, France. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1885 EP 1888 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01933.x PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673UX UT WOS:000283690300027 PM 20608900 ER PT J AU Carlsson, LH Gillberg, C Lannero, E Blennow, M AF Carlsson, L. Hoglund Gillberg, C. Lannero, E. Blennow, M. TI Autism: screening toddlers with CHAT in a child health care programme did not improve early identification SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; DIAGNOSIS C1 [Carlsson, L. Hoglund] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, S-11794 Stockholm, Sweden. [Gillberg, C.] Sahlgren Acad, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lannero, E.] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Child Hlth Care Serv, S-11794 Stockholm, Sweden. [Blennow, M.] Karolinska Inst, Sachs Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Sci & Educ, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Carlsson, LH (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Liljeholmstorget 7,8Tr,Box 47609, S-11794 Stockholm, Sweden. EM charlotte.hoglund-carlsson@karolinska.se FU Stiftelsen Sunnerdahls Handikappfond; Stiftelsen Samariten; Swedish MRC [2006-3449]; Insamlingsstiftelsen Barnens sjukhus - Huddinge; Capios forskningsstiftelse FX The authors thank all nurses and doctors for their part in making this study possible. We also thank the professionals in the reference group for support and good advice. The study was supported by grants from Stiftelsen Sunnerdahls Handikappfond, Stiftelsen Samariten, Swedish MRC grant no 2006-3449 for Christopher Gillberg, Insamlingsstiftelsen Barnens sjukhus - Huddinge and Capios forskningsstiftelse. CR Baird G, 2000, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V39, P694, DOI 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 Baron-Cohen S, 2009, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V194, P500, DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 Blackwell Patricia B, 2002, J Ky Med Assoc, V100, P390 Filipek PA, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P439, DOI 10.1023/A:1021943802493 Fombonne E, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P591, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203 Howlin P, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P834, DOI 10.1017/S0012162299001656 Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 Kadesjo B, 1999, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V29, P327, DOI 10.1023/A:1022115520317 MCEACHIN JJ, 1993, AM J MENT RETARD, V97, P359 Perry A, 2008, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V2, P621, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.01.002 Rogers SJ, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1005543321840 Smith T, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P269, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0269:RTOIEI>2.0.CO;2 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1897 EP 1899 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01958.x PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 673UX UT WOS:000283690300030 ER PT J AU Sehested, LT Moller, RS Bache, I Andersen, NB Ullmann, R Tommerup, N Tumer, Z AF Sehested, Line T. Moller, Rikke S. Bache, Iben Andersen, Noemi B. Ullmann, Reinhard Tommerup, Niels Tumer, Zeynep TI Deletion of 7q34-q36.2 in Two Siblings With Mental Retardation, Language Delay, Primary Amenorrhea, and Dysmorphic Features SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE mental retardation; language delay; primary amenorrhea; 7q deletion; CNTNAP2; NOBOX ID LONG QT SYNDROME; LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CNTNAP2; AUTISM; DISRUPTION; DISORDERS; FAMILY; GENE; LINK AB We describe a chromosome rearrangement, ins(7; 13)(q32q34; q32), which segregates in a three generation family, giving rise to three individuals with an unbalanced rearrangement. Two of the individuals, a sister and a brother, were investigated further in this study. They had minor facial dysmorphism and neuropsychiatric disorders including mental retardation, language delay and epilepsy. The sister had primary amenorrhea. Array CGH revealed a 12.2Mb deletion at 7q34-q36.2 including more than 60 genes where CNTNAP2 and NOBOX are of special interest. Comparison of the clinical and cytogenetic findings of our patients with previously reported patients, supports that haploinsuffiency of CNTNAP2 can result in language delay and/or autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, we report on the second women with a deletion involving NOBOX who is affected by primary amenorrhea. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Sehested, Line T.] Roskilde Hosp, Dept Pediat, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Moller, Rikke S.; Andersen, Noemi B.] Danish Epilepsy Ctr, Dianalund, Denmark. [Moller, Rikke S.; Bache, Iben; Tommerup, Niels; Tumer, Zeynep] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, Wilhelm Johannsen Ctr Funct Genome Res, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ullmann, Reinhard] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Berlin, Germany. [Tumer, Zeynep] Kennedy Ctr, Glostrup, Denmark. RP Sehested, LT (reprint author), Roskilde Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kogevej 7-13, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM lineth@dadlnet.dk FU Danish National Research Foundation FX Grant sponsor: Danish National Research Foundation. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD DEC PY 2010 VL 152A IS 12 BP 3115 EP 3119 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.33476 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 693UV UT WOS:000285251800027 PM 21082657 ER PT J AU Bardakjian, TM Kwok, S Slavotinek, AM Schneider, AS AF Bardakjian, Tanya M. Kwok, Simon Slavotinek, Anne M. Schneider, Adele S. TI Clinical Report of Microphthalmia and Optic Nerve Coloboma Associated With a De Novo Microdeletion of Chromosome 16p11.2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE anophthalmia; microphthalmia; CGH array; coloboma; 16p11.2 monosomy ID SOX2 ANOPHTHALMIA SYNDROME; HOMEOBOX GENE; AUTISM; MUTATIONS; DELETIONS; REARRANGEMENTS; INDIVIDUALS; PHENOTYPE; DISORDER; DEFECTS AB Anophthalmia and microphthalmia are etiologically and clinically heterogeneous. We present a 13-year-old boy with microphthalmia and multiple anomalies who was evaluated as part of our research into the etiology of microphthalmia. His clinical features included left microphthalmia, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and posterior coloboma, right posterior pole coloboma, pectus excavatum, mild hypotonia, mild delays in speech and motor development, and an anxiety disorder with social difficulties. Investigations with a chromosome microarray revealed a de novo deletion of chromosome 16p11.2 of approximately 882 kb in size. Deletions of this region of chromosome 16p11.2 are a newly delineated microdeletion syndrome, but this is the first report of microphthalmia and coloboma associated with monosomy for 16p11.2, and emphasizes the clinical variability that can be present with this deletion. This report contributes to the growing knowledge regarding this microdeletion and suggests that rare copy number changes may be a cause of microphthalmia and other eye anomalies. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Bardakjian, Tanya M.; Schneider, Adele S.] Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Kwok, Simon] Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Off Res & Technol Dev, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. [Slavotinek, Anne M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bardakjian, TM (reprint author), Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Levy 2 W,5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. EM tbardakjian@verizon.net FU Albert B. Millett Memorial Fund; Mellon Mid-Atlantic Charitable Trust; Rae S. Uber Trust; Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation FX This study was supported by Albert B. Millett Memorial Fund, A Mellon Mid-Atlantic Charitable Trust, Rae S. Uber Trust, A Mellon Mid-Atlantic Charitable Trust, and Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation. We thank the patient and his family for their participation. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD DEC PY 2010 VL 152A IS 12 BP 3120 EP 3123 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.33492 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 693UV UT WOS:000285251800028 PM 21082658 ER PT J AU Petrin, AL Giacheti, CM Maximino, LP Abramides, DVM Zanchetta, S Rossi, NF Richieri-Costa, A Murray, JC AF Petrin, Aline L. Giacheti, Celia M. Maximino, Luciana P. Abramides, Dagma V. M. Zanchetta, Sthella Rossi, Natalia F. Richieri-Costa, Antonio Murray, Jeffrey C. TI Identification of a Microdeletion at the 7q33-q35 Disrupting the CNTNAP2 Gene in a Brazilian Stuttering Case SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE microdeletion; CNTNAP2; stuttering ID LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; CHRM2 GENE; ACETYLCHOLINE; RECEPTOR; LINKAGE; SPEECH; DISORDERS; FAMILY; ASSOCIATION; MUTATIONS AB Speech and language disorders are some of the most common referral reasons to child development centers accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Stuttering is a disorder in which involuntary repetition, prolongation, or cessation of the sound precludes the flow of speech. About 5% of individuals in the general population have a stuttering problem, and about 80% of the affected children recover naturally. The causal factors of stuttering remain uncertain in most cases; studies suggest that genetic factors are responsible for 70% of the variance in liability for stuttering, whereas the remaining 30% is due to environmental effects supporting a complex cause of the disorder. The use of high-resolution genome wide array comparative genomic hybridization has proven to be a powerful strategy to narrow down candidate regions for complex disorders. We report on a case with a complex set of speech and language difficulties including stuttering who presented with a 10Mb deletion of chromosome region 7q33-35 causing the deletion of several genes and the disruption of CNTNAP2 by deleting the first three exons of the gene. CNTNAP2 is known to be involved in the cause of language and speech disorders and autism spectrum disorder and is in the same pathway as FOXP2, another important language gene, which makes it a candidate gene for causal studies speech and language disorders such as stuttering. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Petrin, Aline L.; Murray, Jeffrey C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Giacheti, Celia M.; Rossi, Natalia F.] UNESP, Dept Fonoaudiol, Marilia, SP, Brazil. [Maximino, Luciana P.; Abramides, Dagma V. M.] USP, Dept Fonoaudiol, FOB, Bauru, SP, Brazil. [Zanchetta, Sthella] USP, FMRP, Dept Oftalmol Otorrinolaringol & Cirurgia Cabeca, Bauru, SP, Brazil. [Richieri-Costa, Antonio] USP, Hosp Reabilitacao Anomalias Craniofaciais, Bauru, SP, Brazil. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, 500 Newton Rd,2182ML, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM jeff-murray@uiowa.edu RI Maximino, Luciana/J-1589-2012; Abramides, Dagma Venturini/J-6254-2012; Richieri-Costa, Antonio/B-2514-2013; Giacheti, Celia/I-4863-2012 OI Giacheti, Celia/0000-0001-9691-4672 FU NIH [DE08559] FX Grant sponsor: NIH DE08559. 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J. Med. Genet. A PD DEC PY 2010 VL 152A IS 12 BP 3164 EP 3172 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.33749 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 693UV UT WOS:000285251800037 PM 21108403 ER PT J AU Feyder, M Karlsson, RM Mathur, P Lyman, M Bock, R Momenan, R Munasinghe, J Scattoni, ML Ihne, J Camp, M Graybeal, C Strathdee, D Begg, A Alvarez, VA Kirsch, P Rietschel, M Cichon, S Walter, H Meyer-Lindenberg, A Grant, SGN Holmes, A AF Feyder, Michael Karlsson, Rose-Marie Mathur, Poonam Lyman, Matthew Bock, Roland Momenan, Reza Munasinghe, Jeeva Scattoni, Maria Luisa Ihne, Jessica Camp, Marguerite Graybeal, Carolyn Strathdee, Douglas Begg, Alison Alvarez, Veronica A. Kirsch, Peter Rietschel, Marcella Cichon, Sven Walter, Henrik Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas Grant, Seth G. N. Holmes, Andrew TI Association of Mouse Dlg4 (PSD-95) Gene Deletion and Human DLG4 Gene Variation With Phenotypes Relevant to Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams' Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS; DENDRITIC SPINES; BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES; SYNAPTIC-TRANSMISSION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; NEURAL MECHANISMS; FRAGILE-X; MICE; PROTEIN; MODEL AB Objective: Research is increasingly linking autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders to synaptic abnormalities ("synaptopathies"). PSD-95 (postsynaptic density-95, DLG4) orchestrates protein-protein interactions at excitatory synapses and is a major functional bridge interconnecting a neurexin-neuroligin-SHANK pathway implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Method: The authors characterized behavioral, dendritic, and molecular phenotypic abnormalities relevant to autism spectrum disorders in mice with PSD-95 deletion (Dlg4(-/-)). The data from mice led to the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human DLG4 and the examination of associations between these variants and neural signatures of Williams' syndrome in a normal population, using functional and structural neuroimaging. Results: Dlg4(-/-) showed increased repetitive behaviors, abnormal communication and social behaviors, impaired motor coordination, and increased stress reactivity and anxiety-related responses. Dlg4(-/-) had subtle dysmorphology of amygdala dendritic spines and altered forebrain expression of various synaptic genes, including Cyln2, which regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and is a candidate gene for Williams' syndrome. A significant association was observed between variations in two human DLG4 SNPs and reduced intraparietal sulcus volume and abnormal cortico-amygdala coupling, both of which characterize Williams' syndrome. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that Dlg4 gene disruption in mice produces a complex range of behavioral and molecular abnormalities relevant to autism spectrum disorders and Williams' syndrome. The study provides an initial link between human DLG4 gene variation and key neural endophenotypes of Williams' syndrome and perhaps cortico-amygdala regulation of emotional and social processes more generally. C1 [Feyder, Michael] NIAAA, Sect Behav Sci & Genet, Lab Integrat Neurosci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAAA, Sect Synapt Pharmacol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAAA, Sect Neuronal Struct, Lab Integrat Neurosci, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIAAA, Sect Brain Electrophysiol & Imaging, Lab Clin & Translat Studies, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Sect Neurotoxicol & Neuroendocrinol, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Neurosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Dept Genet Epidemiol Psychiat, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Bonn, Dept Genom, Life & Brain Ctr, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Human Genet, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bonn, Div Med Psychol, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Feyder, M (reprint author), NIAAA, Sect Behav Sci & Genet, Lab Integrat Neurosci, 5625 Fishers Lane,Rm 2N09, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM michael.feyder@ki.se RI Walter, Henrik/O-2612-2013; Cichon, Sven/H-8803-2013; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/H-1076-2011; Alvarez, Veronica /E-9745-2015 OI Cichon, Sven/0000-0002-9475-086X; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas/0000-0001-5619-1123; Alvarez, Veronica /0000-0003-2611-8675 FU AstraZeneca; Hoffmann LaRoche; Janssen-Cilag; Pfizer; Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz; NIAAA; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (Nationales Genomforschungsnetz plus MooDs); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 636-B7]; Wellcome Trust FX Dr. Meyer-Lindenberg has received funding from AstraZeneca, Hoffmann LaRoche, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, and Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz and receives compensation from Thieme for serving as an editor of Pharmacopsychiatry. All other authors report no competing interests.Supported by the NIAAA Intramural Research Program (Dr. Holmes), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (Nationales Genomforschungsnetz plus MooDs) (Dr. Meyer-Lindenberg), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 636-B7) (Dr. Meyer-Lindenberg), and the Wellcome Trust Genes to Cognition program (Dr. Grant). 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Sociol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 6 BP 817 EP 840 DI 10.1177/0003122410388488 PG 24 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 697HT UT WOS:000285504600001 ER PT J AU Bopp-Limoge, C Pegliasco, M Morgenthaler, L Pascal, V AF Bopp-Limoge, C. Pegliasco, M. Morgenthaler, L. Pascal, V. TI The playgroup Peter Pan, to sustain relationships between parents and their child when the child suffers from autism or pervasive development disorders SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE Autism; Becoming parent; Interactions; Mutual aid; Playing AB The process of one's body mental integration depends notably on the quality of the first cares given to him/her in the beginning of his/her life in a reciprocal game of solicitations in his/her mothering surrounding. However, in autism and pervasive development disorders, the solicitations coming from the child are difficult to translate by parents. Then the sufferance of some parents settles in, from the fact that their child is different. This complicates the process of attachment, this threatens the homeostasis of the family system and then can threaten the required alliance with the family and the homeostasis of the therapeutic system. To prevent this we are looking to establish a partnership with these parents. Peter Pan is a playgroup bringing together children suffering of autism or pervasive development disorders with their parents. It is a part of the Mulhouse Psychotherapeutic Center for Children and Teenagers Daily Hospital, within the child-youthful psychiatrist sector 68102 incorporated with the Rouffach Hospital (France). The project is a special adaptation to our public of the Calimusette and Pirouli (R) Concept (parents-young children activities, around corporal and sensorial games). Peter Pan group's goal is to consolidate the relationship between child and parent notably by restoring a shared pleasure and the self-esteem in this bruised child-parent relationship. The designation "Peter Pan" refers to the child imaginary world and to the creativity potential that can immerged from interactions, where children and parents can learn together. The systemic inspired Structured Observation Model of the Children and Parents Interactions (MOSIPE (R) in French) is one of our intervention resources. Its made of eight items: The existence of shared pleasure during the interactions, the possibility to benefit self-esteem from the interaction, child health, parent and child needs, how the interactions take place, the capacity to adapt when change occurs, which type of attachment, parents reactions from our restitution. We insist on the mimicry functions: To observe subtle signs, to get resonance with other with the goal to understand what he/her feels, to take contact with he/her and maintain it, to widen views, by introducing unobtrusively new element into the mimicry behavior, to develop subjectivity, to develop capacities to act. The meetings with our daily hospital colleagues are precious to maintain the homeostasis of the therapeutic system when developing its creativity and relevance. At Peter Pan playgroup, the bodily approach gives opportunities to get onto the relationship between a parent and his/her child in the most archaic dimension with their tonic, emotion, and affective components. All this work of observation, reading/decoding the psychomotor symptom, listening the sufferance of the parents, has enabled the parent to acquire what is required to decode, express ones needs and understanding to enable a better adjustment between each other. Supported in this way, parent recovers his/her parental function thanks the possibility to live shared pleasure and the self esteem in the interactions that restores their feeling of self efficacy and establishes identification ties with his/her child. He/her is recognized as an expert. This project is an answer to parents request to meet other parents that share common points: Having a disabled child who attends the daily hospital. Children come to the hospital with taxi, so parents do not have occasions to meet together, when other parents normally meet others waiting their cildren at the door of school. During the sessions we observed parents sharing advices to cope with problems, exchanging activities ideas, encouraging into ordeal. After some sessions parents have exchanged their addresses. In other words Peter Pan's Group has also functioned as a mutual aid group. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Bopp-Limoge, C.] Ctr Hosp Mulhouse, F-68051 Mulhouse, France. [Pegliasco, M.; Morgenthaler, L.; Pascal, V.] CHR, CPEA, F-68100 Mulhouse, France. RP Bopp-Limoge, C (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Mulhouse, 87 Ave Altkirch, F-68051 Mulhouse, France. 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Med.-Psychol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 168 IS 10 BP 752 EP 758 DI 10.1016/j.amp.2009.09.022 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 692AW UT WOS:000285124900006 ER PT J AU Weiner, L Baratta, A Henry, J Di Santi, C AF Weiner, L. Baratta, A. Henry, J. Di Santi, C. TI The contribution of neuropsychology-oriented approaches to autism diagnosis in adults: A case-study SO ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES LA French DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; Autism; Diagnosis; Screening; Neuropsychology ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REVISED VERSION; INTERVIEW; MEMORY; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDREN; MIND AB Given that autism spectrum disorders are highly heterogeneous in their clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment in adults, whose symptoms may be complicated by the presence of various comorbidities and developmental trajectories, is not easily practiced in a clinical psychiatric setting. The present study aims at describing diagnostic assessments inspired by current research on cognition in autism. Core cognitive traits, such as theory of mind, executive function and weak central coherence, thought to be endophenotypic traits, are analyzed. Moreover, the utility of screening scales, constructed on the basis of these cognitive traits, is discussed. We describe the case of a 29-year-old French man, referred by his occupational physician, due to the onset of anxiety attacks in his workplace. During the first outpatient psychiatric assessment, he seemed inhibited, and revealed that social situations fueled his anxiety attacks. He was therefore diagnosed with personality avoidance disorder, depression and social anxiety. Although depression and anxiety decreased after Buspirone and Milnacipran were prescribed, some clinical symptoms, such as lack of interest in social situations, ritualized behavior, narrow specific interests (i.e., astronomy, history), and a very good memory for factual information, remained. According to the patient, these symptoms appeared during his infancy. These symptoms, consistent with Asperger Syndrome diagnosis, led to the administration of two screening scales: the Autism Quotient (AQ) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ). The results obtained in these scales were consistent with Asperger Syndrome diagnosis. They indicated the presence of qualitative difficulties in social interactions, a lack of spontaneous empathy and attention switching, among other behaviors. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment was then proposed. The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication disorders (DISCO), a semi-structured interview with parents, was used in order to gather developmental and behavioral information. A neuropsychological assessment was conducted with the patient. Both assessments revealed developmental and neurocognitive particularities consistent with Asperger Syndrome diagnosis. Among these cognitive traits, (i) episodic memory peculiarities, such as idiosyncratic encoding and retrieval strategies and impaired encoding of complex visual stimuli (ii) absence of significant difference between the verbal and the performance scales of the WAIS III, but significant differences among subtests, (iii) executive dysfunction found in flexibility and generativity tasks, (iv) perceptive focalization on details, and most importantly (v) significant impairment on theory of mind tasks are worth noting In conclusion, numerous adults with Asperger Syndrome were not diagnosed during childhood. This is probably due to the relatively recent changes in nosography, and their cognitive development, which is not characterized by language delay, in opposition to high functioning autism. Therefore, screening for autism spectrum disorders in a clinical psychiatric setting is important. Screening can lead to a more comprehensive assessment pinpointing developmental history, cognitive profile, and comorbidities, given that these three factors are indispensable for an effective therapeutic follow-up. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiner, L.] Hop Univ Strasbourg, Serv Psychiat 2, F-67091 Strasbourg, France. [Weiner, L.; Henry, J.] Ctr Ressources Autisme Alsace, F-67170 Brumath, France. [Weiner, L.] EPSAN, Secteur G03, F-67170 Brumath, France. [Baratta, A.; Di Santi, C.] EPSAN, Secteur G06, F-67170 Brumath, France. RP Weiner, L (reprint author), Hop Univ Strasbourg, Serv Psychiat 2, 1 Pl Hop, F-67091 Strasbourg, France. EM weiner.l@gmail.com CR Ambery FZ, 2006, AUTISM, V10, P551, DOI 10.1177/1362361306068507 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Baron-Cohen S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00 Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P241, DOI 10.1017/S0021963001006643 BaronCohen S, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P813, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x Boucher J, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1259, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0508-8 Bowler DM, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P104, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0366-4 Bowler DM, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P295, DOI 10.1023/A:1005575216176 GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x Happe F, 1996, BRAIN, V119, P1377, DOI 10.1093/brain/119.4.1377 KLIN A, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V2, P33564 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Minassian A, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1279, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0278-8 Minshew NJ, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P1095, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00808 MOTTRON L, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P1095 Nygren G, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P730, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0678-z Rinehart NJ, 2001, AUTISM, V5, P67, DOI 10.1177/1362361301005001007 Ritvo RA, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P213, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0380-6 Spek AA, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P782, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0446-5 TAGERFLUBERG H, 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, V1, P33564 Viding E, 2007, BEHAV GENET, V37, P51, DOI 10.1007/s10519-006-9105-4 Wechsler D, 1997, WECHSLER ADULT INTEL, V3rd White SW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x Williams DL, 2006, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V20, P21, DOI 10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.21 Wing L, 2002, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V43, P307, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00023 Wong D, 2006, GENES BRAIN BEHAV, V5, P561, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2005.00199.x Woodbury-Smith MR, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P331, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3300-7 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 0003-4487 J9 ANN MED-PSYCHOL JI Ann. Med.-Psychol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 168 IS 10 BP 782 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.amp.2010.09.016 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 692AW UT WOS:000285124900014 ER PT J AU Maurer, M Delfour, F Wolff, M Adrien, JL AF Maurer, Marie Delfour, Fabienne Wolff, Marion Adrien, Jean-Louis TI Dogs, Cats and Horses: Their Different Representations in the Minds of Typical and Clinical Populations of Children SO ANTHROZOOS LA English DT Article DE animal representations; children; morphological similarity; tactile modality ID ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY; CEREBRAL-PALSY; FACE RECOGNITION; MOTOR FUNCTION; PETS; PRESERVATION; ADOLESCENTS; DISORDERS; ATTITUDES; OBJECTS AB Programs using dogs, cats, and horses as adjuncts in educational or therapeutic activities for children are well documented, even if little is known about the distinction made by children with regard to specific animals. This study explores children's thoughts about these three different animals. Three populations of children (84 typical children with no disabilities, 92 children with cognitive impairment, and 22 children with autism) were shown twelve pictures of animals and humans. The three groups of children were matched on mental age. Each child was asked to choose a picture in order to answer nine questions selected from existing tests and previous findings in the literature. This procedure allowed us to investigate what each animal represented to these three populations of children. The influence of morphological similarity, which can explain human preference for mammals, was also studied in a separate experiment. We found that the three mammals (dogs, cats, and horses) were perceived positively by both typical children and children with cognitive impairment (Principal component analysis Factor 1 "Positive Attributes"). Children with autism gave heterogeneous answers; therefore, it was more complicated to identify clearly what these animals meant to them. Pictures of humans were specifically associated with Factor 3 "Language-Based Relationship" of the principal component analysis. The possibility to touch the animal was an important factor of influence in the children's choices. The morphological similarity between animals and humans could partly explain the results obtained for dogs, cats, and horses. Identifying what specific animals represent to individual children could improve the therapeutic process and allow a more appropriate choice of animal for each child. C1 [Maurer, Marie; Delfour, Fabienne; Adrien, Jean-Louis] Univ Paris 05, Inst Psychol, Lab Psychopathol & Proc Sante, Boulogne, France. [Delfour, Fabienne] Format Ethol Anim & Co, Paris, France. [Wolff, Marion] Univ Paris 05, Inst Psychol, Lab Travail Adaptat Individu, Boulogne, France. RP Maurer, M (reprint author), 160 Rue St Thomas,Appartement 3, Longueuil, PQ J4H 2Z7, Canada. EM maurermarie@gmail.com FU Fonds de Soutien Marguerite-Marie Delacroix, Belgium FX We are grateful to Fonds de Soutien Marguerite-Marie Delacroix, Belgium for their general interest and financial support. We thank the children and institutions whose participation made this study possible. Our thanks also go to two anonymous referees of this paper who provided valuable and constructive comments on the manuscript. Finally, we are grateful to Marie-Paula Biscaino, Anne Burrows, Fabienne Delfour, Stephanie Fecteau, Helder and Teresa Gomes, Eszter Somogyi, and Sylvie Trudel for their assistance and support. 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TI Intensity of Epileptiform Discharges and Neural Organization In Autistic Children Impact on Neurofeedback Training SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Seizures; Autism; Neurofeedback C1 [Coben, Robert] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Massapequa Pk, NY 11762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 682EL UT WOS:000284383200007 ER PT J AU Dogris, N AF Dogris, Nicholas TI The Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) for the Treatment of Autism Five Case Studies SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Low energy neurofeedback system; Autism; LENS NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 682EL UT WOS:000284383200006 ER PT J AU McCormack, G AF McCormack, Guy TI The Use of Neurofeedback for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Neurofeedback; Autism; Attention C1 [McCormack, Guy] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 682EL UT WOS:000284383200009 ER PT J AU Baruth, J Casanova, M Sears, L Sokhadze, E AF Baruth, Joshua Casanova, Manuel Sears, Lonnie Sokhadze, Estate TI Early Stage Visual Processing Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Autism; Event related potentials; EEG NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 682EL UT WOS:000284383200026 ER PT J AU Baruth, J Sokhadze, EM Carroll, T Horrel, T Rajesh, R Sears, L Tasman, A Casanova, M AF Baruth, Joshua Sokhadze, Estate M. Carroll, Thomas Horrel, Tim Rajesh, Ramaswamy Sears, Lonnie Tasman, Allan Casanova, Manuel TI Impaired Error Monitoring and Correction Function in Autism An ERP Study SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Autism; Executive functions; Error monitoring RI Carroll, Timothy/B-6934-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 682EL UT WOS:000284383200027 ER PT J AU Roy, M Balaratnasingam, S AF Roy, Meera Balaratnasingam, Sivasankaran TI Missed diagnosis of autism in an Australian Indigenous psychiatric population SO AUSTRALASIAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; developmental disability; Indigenous population; intellectual disability; schizophrenia ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; UK AB Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the diagnosis among adult Indigenous patients from the Kimberley region of Western Australia who had an existing diagnosis of schizophrenia. A visit from a psychiatrist specializing in intellectual disability provided the opportunity for conducting psychiatric assessments from a developmental perspective. Method: Selected patients with schizophrenia were assessed from an intellectual disability perspective from an active case load of 215 patients. Result: Thirteen out of 14 selected patients were considered to have a diagnosis of autism when a developmental history was undertaken. Case studies are presented to illustrate the overlap in symptoms and potential for the diagnosis of autism to be missed. Conclusions: Autism spectrum disorders may be missed in Indigenous population groups. This has implications for treatment and service provision. Clinicians need to be mindful of the diagnostic possibility that an autism spectrum disorder might be masquerading as schizophrenia in the context of intellectual disability and atypical presentation. C1 [Balaratnasingam, Sivasankaran] Kimberley Mental Hlth & Drug Serv, Broome, WA 6725, Australia. [Roy, Meera] S Birmingham Primary Care Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Balaratnasingam, S (reprint author), Kimberley Mental Hlth & Drug Serv, POB 3475, Broome, WA 6725, Australia. EM siva.bala@health.wa.gov.au CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT *AUSTR ADV BOARD A, PREV AUT AUSTR OV RE Baron-Cohen S, 2009, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V194, P500, DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 Begeer S, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P142, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0611-5 Bleuler E., 1924, TXB PSYCHIAT Chakrabarti S, 2005, AM J PSYCHIAT, V162, P1133, DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1133 Fombonne E, 2009, PEDIATR RES, V65, P591, DOI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203 Kraepelin E, 1971, DEMENTIA PRAECOX PAR Kraijer D, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P499, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-5040-0 Powell JE, 2000, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V42, P624, DOI 10.1017/S001216220000116X Stahlberg O, 2004, J NEURAL TRANSM, V111, P891, DOI 10.1007/s00702-004-0115-1 Williams K, 2005, MED J AUSTRALIA, V182, P108 Wing L, 2000, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V176, P357, DOI 10.1192/bjp.176.4.357 WING L, 1979, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V9, P11, DOI 10.1007/BF01531288 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1039-8562 J9 AUSTRALAS PSYCHIATRY JI Australas. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 534 EP 537 DI 10.3109/10398562.2010.498048 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 687FD UT WOS:000284763500009 PM 21117839 ER PT J AU Mack, H Fullana, MA Russell, AJ Mataix-Cols, D Nakatani, E Heyman, I AF Mack, Hilary Fullana, Miquel A. Russell, Ailsa J. Mataix-Cols, David Nakatani, Eriko Heyman, Isobel TI Obsessions and compulsions in children with Asperger's syndrome or high-functioning autism: a case-control study SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE obsessive-compulsive disorder; autism spectrum disorder; Asperger's syndrome; high functioning autism; Tourette's syndrome ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TOURETTE-SYNDROME; SELF-REPORT; ADOLESCENTS; SCALE; OCD; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and symptom severity of children with obsessive disorder (OCD) plus autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with those of children with OCD plus Tourette's syndrome (TS) or OCD alone. Method: Children with OCD and ASD (OCD/ASD) (n = 12, mean age = 14.33, range: 12-18) were compared to children with OCD and TS (OCD/TS) (n = 12, mean age = 13.92, range: 9-17) and children with OCD-alone (OCD) (n = 12, mean age = 12.92, range: 9-17) on measures of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom frequency, severity, interference and other clinical variables. Results: Patients from the OCD/ASD group rated their OC symptoms as equally distressing, time consuming and contributing to a similar level of interference in functioning as patients in the OCD/TS and OCD groups. The types of symptoms were similar across groups but patients with OCD/TS reported greater frequency of ordering and arranging compulsions, and a trend towards more sexual obsessions. Patients with OCD/ASD reported more peer relationship problems compared with the other two groups. Conclusions: Children with ASD may experience a similar level of impairment from OC symptoms as children with TS plus OCD and children with OCD only. It is suggested that it is useful to establish both diagnoses given that obsessions and compulsions may respond to treatment, and their alleviation may improve functioning in children on the autism spectrum. C1 [Mack, Hilary; Mataix-Cols, David; Heyman, Isobel] Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, Natl & Specialist OCD Serv Young People, London SE5 8AZ, England. [Mack, Hilary] Starship Hosp, Child & Family Unit, Auckland, New Zealand. [Fullana, Miquel A.; Russell, Ailsa J.; Mataix-Cols, David; Nakatani, Eriko; Heyman, Isobel] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, London, England. RP Mack, H (reprint author), Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, Natl & Specialist OCD Serv Young People, London SE5 8AZ, England. EM Hilary.Mack@adhb.govt.nz RI Russell, Ailsa/F-2484-2010; Fullana, Miguel/D-3288-2011; Mataix-Cols, David/G-3843-2010; Russell, Ailsa/J-8268-2013 OI Russell, Ailsa/0000-0002-8443-9381 CR Baron-Cohen S, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P1151, DOI 10.1017/S003329179900896X BARZ J, 2007, PROG NEUROPSYCHOPHAR, V30, P338 Bejerot S, 2001, NORD J PSYCHIAT, V55, P169 Bejerot S, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P101, DOI 10.1177/1362361307075699 Bloch MH, 2006, MOL PSYCHIATR, V11, P622, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001823 Canitano R, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P19, DOI 10.1177/1362361307070992 Chalfant AM, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1842, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0318-4 Cohen J., 1988, STAT POWER ANAL BEHA, V2nd Dekker MC, 2003, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V42, P915, DOI 10.1097/01.CHI.0000046892.27264.1A Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x GOODMAN WK, 1989, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V46, P1006 Grados MA, 2003, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V25, pS55, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(03)90010-6 Heyman I, 2006, BRIT MED J, V333, P424, DOI 10.1136/bmj.333.7565.424 Ivarsson T, 2008, J ANXIETY DISORD, V22, P969, DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.10.003 LaSalle VH, 2004, DEPRESS ANXIETY, V19, P163, DOI 10.1002/da.20009 Leckman JF, 2002, LANCET, V360, P1577, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11526-1 Leckman JF, 1997, AM J PSYCHIAT, V154, P911 LECOUTEUR A, 1989, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V19, P363 Leyfer OT, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P849, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 LINDLEY P, 1977, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V130, P592, DOI 10.1192/bjp.130.6.592 Mansueto CS, 2005, BEHAV MODIF, V29, P784, DOI 10.1177/0145445505279261 Masi G, 2005, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V44, P673, DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000161648.82775.ee Mataix-Cols D, 2007, AM J PSYCHIAT, V164, P1313, DOI 10.1176/appi.apj.2007.07040568 MCDOUGLE CJ, 1995, AM J PSYCHIAT, V152, P772 Miguel EC, 2005, MOL PSYCHIATR, V10, P258, DOI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001617 RAPOPORT J, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P145 Reaven J, 2003, AUTISM, V7, P145, DOI 10.1177/1362361303007002003 Russell AJ, 2005, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V186, P525, DOI 10.1192/bjp.186.6.525 Scahill L, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P844, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023 Shafran R, 2003, J ADOLESCENCE, V26, P137, DOI 10.1016/S0140-1971(02)00083-0 STORCH EA, 2007, DEPRESS ANXIETY, V25, P761 SWEDO SE, 1994, J CLIN PSYCHIAT, V55, P32 Turner M, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P839, DOI 10.1017/S0021963099004278 Uher R, 2008, J ANXIETY DISORD, V22, P979, DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.10.001 Wechsler D, 1991, WECHSLER INTELLIGENC, V3rd World Health Organisation, 1992, ICD 10 CLASS MENT BE ZANT F, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P251 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0004-8674 J9 AUST NZ J PSYCHIAT JI Aust. N. Z. J. Psych. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1082 EP 1088 DI 10.3109/00048674.2010.515561 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 678WP UT WOS:000284114100004 PM 20973622 ER PT J AU Joosten, AV Bundy, AC AF Joosten, Annette V. Bundy, Anita C. TI Sensory processing and stereotypical and repetitive behaviour in children with autism and intellectual disability SO AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autism; avoidance; intellectual disability; sensation; sensitivity ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ADOLESCENTS; ANNOTATION; MOTIVATION; MODULATION; SUPPORT AB Background: Sensory processing disorders have been linked to stereotypical behaviours in children with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to anxiety in children with ASD. In earlier phases of this study with the same participants, we found that those with both ASD and ID were more motivated than those with ID alone to engage in stereotypical behaviour to alleviate anxiety. In this phase, we confirmed that children with both ASD and ID and those with ID alone process sensation differently than typically developing children. We asked: Do the sensory processing difficulties of children with ASD and ID differ significantly from those of children with ID alone in a way that would help explain the increased anxiety of the former group? Method: Parents of children with ASD and ID (n = 29; mean age 9.7 years) and with ID alone (n = 23; mean age 9.5 years) completed a Sensory Profile (SP) to provide information about their children's sensory processing abilities. SP quadrant scores for each group were compared with each other and with the published norms of typically developing children. Results: Children with ASD and ID and with ID alone processed sensory information differently than typically developing children (P = 0.0001;d = > 2.00). Children with both ASD and ID were significantly more sensitive (P = 0.007;d = 0.70) and avoidant (P < 0.05;d = 0.47) than the children with ID alone. Conclusion: We conclude that increased sensitivity and the tendency to avoid sensation may help explain anxiety in children with autism. C1 [Joosten, Annette V.] Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Occupat Therapy, Fac Hlth Sci, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Joosten, Annette V.; Bundy, Anita C.] Univ Sydney, Sch Occupat Therapy, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Joosten, AV (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Occupat Therapy, Fac Hlth Sci, GPO Box 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00835.x PG 7 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 684IW UT WOS:000284544600003 PM 21091701 ER PT J AU Lerer, E Levi, S Israel, S Yaari, M Nemanov, L Mankuta, D Yirmiya, N Ebstein, RP AF Lerer, Elad Levi, Shlomit Israel, Salomon Yaari, Maya Nemanov, Lubov Mankuta, David Yirmiya, Nurit Ebstein, Richard P. TI Low CD38 Expression in Lymphoblastoid Cells and Haplotypes are Both Associated with Autism in a Family-Based Study SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); CD38; polymorphism; gene expression; real time PCR; haplotype ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR OXTR; CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE; GENOME-WIDE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; RNA EXPRESSION; GENE FAMILY; VASOPRESSIN; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Impairments in social processes characterize one of the core deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and accumulating evidence suggests that oxytocin neurotransmission is implicated in mediating social adaptation in ASD. Using a mouse model, CD38, a transmembrane protein expressed in immune cells but also in brain, was found to be critical for social behavior via regulation of oxytocin secretion. This prompted us to both examine CD38 expression in human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LBC) as well as to test association between SNPs across the CD38 gene and ASD. Methods: LBC's were derived from 44 ASD lines and 40 "unaffected" parents. Family-based association (UNPHASED) was examined by genotyping 11 tagging SNPs spanning the CD38 gene identified using HapMap data in 170 trios. An additional SNP (rs3796863) associated in a study by Munesue et al. with ASD was also genotyped. Results: A highly significant reduction in CD38 expression was observed in immortalized lymphocytes derived from ASD subjects compared to their "unaffected" parents (F = 17.2, P = 0.00024, df = 1). Haplotype analysis showed significant association (permutation corrected) between three and seven locus haplotypes and DSM IV ASD in low functioning (IQ<70) subjects. Conclusions: The current report supports a role for CD38 in conferring risk for ASD. Notably, our study shows that this gene is not only associated with low functioning ASD but that CD38 expression is markedly reduced in LBC derived from ASD subjects compared to "unaffected" parents, strengthening the connection between oxytocin and ASD. C1 [Ebstein, Richard P.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Fac Arts & Sci, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Israel, Salomon; Yaari, Maya; Yirmiya, Nurit; Ebstein, Richard P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Levi, Shlomit] Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Dept Child Psychiat, Sch Med, Jerusalem, Israel. [Nemanov, Lubov] Herzog Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel. [Mankuta, David] Hadassah Med Org, Dept Labor & Delivery, Jerusalem, Israel. [Nemanov, Lubov] S Herzog Mem Hosp, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ebstein, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Fac Arts & Sci, Block AS4,9 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore. EM rpebstein@gmail.com FU Autism Speaks; Israel Ministry of Science; "Levi Eshkol" Scholarship FX We thank Autism Speaks for partial support of this research (R.P.E.) and to the "Levi Eshkol" scholarship fund for PhD studies (E.L.), Israel Ministry of Science.Grant sponsor: Autism Speaks and "Levi Eshkol" Scholarship. 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TI Variants in Several Genomic Regions Associated with Asperger Disorder SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asperger; susceptibility; genetics ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WIDE ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE ANALYSES; CHROMOSOME; FAMILIES; GENE; GFR-ALPHA-1; IMPAIRMENT; BEHAVIORS; EXTENSION AB Asperger disorder (ASP) is one of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is differentiated from autism largely on the absence of clinically significant cognitive and language delays. Analysis of a homogenous subset of families with ASP may help to address the corresponding effect of genetic heterogeneity on identifying ASD genetic risk factors. To examine the hypothesis that common variation is important in ASD, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 124 ASP families in a discovery data set and 110 ASP families in a validation data set. We prioritized the top 100 association results from both cohorts by employing a ranking strategy. Novel regions on 5q21.1 (P= 9.7 x 10(-7)) and 15q22.1-q22.2 (P = 7.3 x 10(-6)) were our most significant findings in the combined data set. Three chromosomal regions showing association, 3p14.2 (P= 3.6 x 10(-6)), 3q25-26 (P= 6.0 x 10(-5)) and 3p23 (P= 3.3 x 10(-4)) overlapped linkage regions reported in Finnish ASP families, and eight association regions overlapped ASD linkage areas. Our findings suggest that ASP shares both ASD-related genetic risk factors, as well as has genetic risk factors unique to the ASP phenotype. C1 [Pericak-Vance, M. A.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Salyakina, D.; Ma, D. Q.; Jaworski, J. M.; Konidari, I.; Whitehead, P. L.; Henson, R.; Martinez, D.; Robinson, J. L.; Sacharow, S.; Gilbert, J. R.; Cuccaro, M. L.; Pericak-Vance, M. A.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn, Dept Human Genet, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Wright, H. H.; Abramson, R. K.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Columbia, SC USA. RP Pericak-Vance, MA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, 1501 NW 10th Ave,BRB-314,M860, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM mpericak@med.miami.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NS26630, MH080647]; Autism Speaks; Hussman Foundation FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Grant numbers: NS26630; MH080647; Grant sponsor: Autism Speaks.We thank the patients with Asperger disorder and their family members who participated in this study and the personnel at the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (HIHG), including the staff at the HIHG Biorepository and members of the HIHG. We also thank Michael Schmidt and Susan Slifer for their contributions to the data analysis and simulation. This research was supported by a gift from the Hussman Foundation. We also wish to gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the AGRE consortium and the participating Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) families. The AGRE resource is supported by Autism Speaks. A subset of the participants was ascertained while Dr. Pericak-Vance was a faculty member at Duke University. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1002/aur.158 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 707QJ UT WOS:000286300800002 PM 21182207 ER PT J AU de Marchena, A Eigsti, IM AF de Marchena, Ashley Eigsti, Inge-Marie TI Conversational Gestures in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Asynchrony but not Decreased Frequency SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conversational gestures; autism; synchrony; communication; narratives ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; HAND GESTURES; SPEECH; CEREBELLUM AB Conversational or "co-speech" gestures play an important role in communication, facilitating turntaking, providing visuospatial information, clarifying subtleties of emphasis, and other pragmatic cues. Consistent with other pragmatic language deficits, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are said to produce fewer conversational gestures, as specified in many diagnostic measures. Surprisingly, while research shows fewer deictic gestures in young children with ASD, there is a little empirical evidence addressing other forms of gesture. The discrepancy between clinical and empirical observations may reflect impairments unrelated to frequency, such as gesture quality or integration with speech. Adolescents with high-functioning ASD (n = 15), matched on age, gender, and IQ to 15 typically developing (TO) adolescents, completed a narrative task to assess the spontaneous production of speech and gesture. Naive observers rated the stories for communicative quality. Overall, the ASD group's stories were rated as less clear and engaging. Although utterance and gesture rates were comparable, the ASD group's gestures were less closely synchronized with the co-occurring speech, relative to control participants. This gesture speech synchrony specifically impacted communicative quality across participants. Furthermore, while story ratings were associated with gesture count in TD adolescents, no such relationship was observed in adolescents with ASD, suggesting that gestures do not amplify communication in this population. Quality ratings were, however, correlated with ASD symptom severity scores, such that participants with fewer ASD symptoms were rated as telling higher quality stories. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of communication and neuropsychological functioning in ASD. C1 [Eigsti, Inge-Marie] Univ Connecticut, Unit 1020, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Eigsti, IM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Unit 1020, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM inge-marie.eigsti@uconn.edu FU University of Connecticut Research Foundation [458938] FX Grant sponsor: University of Connecticut Research Foundation; Grant number: 458938. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1002/aur.159 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 707QJ UT WOS:000286300800003 PM 21182208 ER PT J AU Grether, JK Croen, LA Anderson, MC Nelson, KB Yolken, RH AF Grether, Judith K. Croen, Lisa A. Anderson, Meredith C. Nelson, Karin B. Yolken, Robert H. TI Neonatally Measured Immunoglobulins and Risk of Autism SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; ASD; maternal immune function; immunoglobulins and pregnancy ID CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; MATERNAL INFLUENZA INFECTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; CHILDREN; BRAIN; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOSIS AB Previous studies indicate that prenatal exposure to infections is a possible pathway through which autism spectrum disorders (ASD) could be initiated. We investigated whether immunoglobulin levels in archived specimens obtained from newborns subsequently diagnosed with ASD are different from levels in newborn specimens from controls. Children with ASD born in six California counties in 1994 were ascertained through records of the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) and Kaiser Permanente; controls were randomly selected using birth certificates. Archived newborn blood specimens were obtained from the California Genetic Disease Screening Program (GDSP) for N=213 cases and N=265 controls and assayed to determine levels of total IgG, antigen-specific IgG to selected common pathogens, total IgM, total IgA, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We did not find measurable levels of total IgM or IgA in any neonate and measurable CRP was present in only a few. No antigen-specific IgG antibodies were elevated in cases compared to controls and total IgG levels were lower. In adjusted models, a 10-unit increase in total IgG yielded an OR = 0.72 (950/0 Cl 0.56, 0.91); a significantly decreasing trend in risk of ASD was observed across increasing exposure quartiles of total IgG (P=0.01). The finding of lower IgG in cases may indicate maternal immune dysfunction during gestation and/or impaired transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins. Further investigation of IgG levels in newborns and the mechanisms by which they might be associated with ASD are warranted. C1 [Grether, Judith K.; Anderson, Meredith C.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Croen, Lisa A.] Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. [Nelson, Karin B.] NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yolken, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Stanley Neurovirol Lab, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Grether, JK (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1002/aur.160 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 707QJ UT WOS:000286300800004 PM 21182209 ER PT J AU Keita, L Mottron, L Bertone, A AF Keita, Luc Mottron, Laurent Bertone, Armando TI Far Visual Acuity is Unremarkable in Autism: Do We Need to Focus on Crowding? SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; vision; acuity; crowding; neural; lateral interactions ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; INDIVIDUALS; RESOLUTION; DEPENDS AB Although autism presents a unique perceptual phenotype defined in part by atypical (often enhanced) analysis of spatial information, few biologically plausible hypotheses have been advanced to explain its neural underpinnings. One plausible explanation is functional but altered lateral connectivity mediating early or local mechanisms selectively responsive to different stimulus attributes, including spatial frequency and contrast. The goal of the present study was first to assess far visual acuity in autism using Landolt-C optotypes defined by different local stimulus attributes. Second, we investigated whether acuity is differentially affected in autism when target optotypes are simultaneously presented with flanking stimuli at different distances. This typical detrimental "crowding effect" of flanking stimuli on target optotype discrimination is attributed to lateral inhibitory interaction of neurons encoding for visual properties of distracters close to the target. Results failed to demonstrate a between-group difference in acuity to Landolt-C optotypes, whether defined by luminance- or texture-contrast. However, the expected crowding effect at one gap-size opening distance was evidenced for the control group only; a small effect was observed for the autism group at two gap-size opening. These results suggest that although far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism, altered local lateral connectivity within early perceptual areas underlying spatial information processing in autism is atypical. Altered local lateral connectivity in autism might originate from an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural signaling, resulting in changes regarding elementary feature extraction and subsequent downstream visual integration and visuo-spatial analysis. This notion is discussed within the context of characteristic lower- and higher-level perceptual processing in autism. C1 [Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev Condit, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Keita, Luc; Mottron, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Pervas Dev Disorders Specialized Clin, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Keita, Luc; Mottron, Laurent; Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal CETEDUM, Ctr Excellence Troubles Envahissants Dev, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Bertone, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev Condit, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM armando.bertone@umontreal.ca FU Autism Speaks [1633]; Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) FX Grant sponsor: Autism Speaks; Grant number: 1633.This study was supported by an Autism Speaks mentor-based (L.M.) fellowship to LK, and a Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) operating grant to LM. We thank all the participants for their involvement in this project, and Michelle Dawson for editing the manuscript. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1002/aur.164 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 707QJ UT WOS:000286300800005 PM 20928845 ER PT J AU Cochrane, LE Tansey, KE Gill, M Gallagher, L Anney, RJL AF Cochrane, Lynne E. Tansey, Katherine E. Gill, Michael Gallagher, Louise Anney, Richard J. L. TI Lack of Association Between Markers in the ITGA3, ITGAV, ITGA6 and ITGB3 and Autism in an Irish Sample SO AUTISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE genetics; allelic association < statistical genetics ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; NEURONAL MIGRATION; ALPHA-3-BETA-1 INTEGRIN; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; ALPHA-6 INTEGRINS; GENOMEWIDE SCREEN; LINKAGE ANALYSES; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; EXPRESSION AB Autism is a neurodeveloprnental disorder characterized by impairments in three core areas-language, social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviours. It is generally accepted that genetics plays a large role in the aetiology of autism, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. We recently published evidence of an association between autism and the ITGA4 gene [Conroy et al., 2008]. Two genomic regions have shown evidence of linkage to autism in multiple studies 2q31-q33 and 17q21-q22. Both of these regions harbour multiple integrin subunit genes. We tested markers in ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGAV and ITGB3 for association with autism in the Irish autism sample. No markers in ITGA3, ITGA6, ITGAV and ITGB3 were found to be associated with autism. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1002/aur.162 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 707QJ UT WOS:000286300800008 PM 21182212 ER PT J AU Bonete, S Vives, MC Fernandez-Parra, A Calero, MD Garcia-Martin, MB AF Bonete, Saray Carmen Vives, Ma Fernandez-Parra, Antonio Dolores Calero, Ma Belen Garcia-Martin, M. TI Learning potential and social skills in children with Asperger disorder SO BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY-PSICOLOGIA CONDUCTUAL LA Spanish DT Article DE Asperger disorder; dynamic assessment; social skills; intelligence ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; TRENDS AB During the past years the literature about Asperger Disorder (AD) has focused on the empirical study of its core features Static assessment procedures have been the most common method of research However this perspective is particularly limited with regard to social interaction Taking into account that several research different psychological pathologies it is possible to expect similar implications in AD This study examines the performance of children with AD (n =10 11-16 years old) and a compared sample of typical peers (n= 10) Children were assessed using a static intelligence test a dynamic assessment instrument and different tests concerning social variables such as interpersonal skills empathy and social problem solving Results showed no differences between groups in learning potential On the other hand social difficulties were confirmed especially in the adjustment and practical effectiveness of the solutions they generated Implications of considering dynamic assessment as a valid approach to the social dysfunction suffered in AD are discussed C1 [Bonete, Saray; Carmen Vives, Ma; Fernandez-Parra, Antonio; Dolores Calero, Ma; Belen Garcia-Martin, M.] Univ Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. 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Psychol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 473 EP 490 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 690GF UT WOS:000284989800002 ER PT J AU Pearson, BL Defensor, EB Blanchard, DC Blanchard, RJ AF Pearson, Brandon L. Defensor, Erwin B. Blanchard, D. Caroline Blanchard, Robert J. TI C57BL/6J mice fail to exhibit preference for social novelty in the three-chamber apparatus SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sociality; Autism; Social novelty; Social approach; C57BL/6J ID INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; APPROACH BEHAVIORS; FOOD PREFERENCE; SKILL DEFICITS; ANIMAL-MODELS; AUTISM; RECOGNITION; RELEVANT; NEUROBIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Laboratory models of neurodevelopmental disorders may be useful in assessing investigation and preference for social partners in mice. One such mouse model, the three-chamber test, is increasingly used as an index of social preference. The first phase measures preference for a social stimulus over an identical chamber without a stimulus mouse. The second phase measures preference for a novel mouse compared to the familiar mouse when the latter is presented in the previously empty chamber. In this study we provided an additional analysis of the second phase of the three-chamber test procedure, reversing the typical placement of the novel and familiar stimulus animals. In the first study, male C57BL/6J mice subjects encountered C57BL/6J stimuli and preferred a novel mouse over an empty chamber but failed to show a preference for the novel mouse in Phase 2 when the stimuli presentation was reversed. In an additional study, male C57BL/6J subjects encountered outbred CD-1 mice as stimuli, showing no significant novelty preference in either phase. Specific behavioral indices of investigation were similar to these duration findings with no enhancement of investigation when the novel stimulus mouse was encountered in the chamber in which the initial social stimulus was presented. These data suggest that C57BL/6J mice may show enhanced investigation/preference of novel social stimuli in the three-chamber test only when these stimuli are presented in a relatively novel context. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, Brandon L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Blanchard, D. Caroline] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Dept Genet & Mol Biol, John A Burns Sch Med,Bekesy Lab Neurobiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Pearson, BL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Dept Psychol, 1993 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM pearsonb@hawaii.edu; defensor@hawaii.edu; blanchar@hawaii.edu; blanchar@hawaii.edu FU [MH081845-01A2] FX Mr. Ted Murphy constructed behavioral testing arenas. Amy Vasconcellos and Mary Rowlett assisted in data collection. 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Brain Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 213 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.054 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 623NN UT WOS:000279748600008 PM 20452381 ER PT J AU Inoue, H Yamasue, H Tochigi, M Abe, O Liu, XX Kawamura, Y Takei, K Suga, M Yamada, H Rogers, MA Aoki, S Sasaki, T Kasai, K AF Inoue, Hideyuki Yamasue, Hidenori Tochigi, Mamoru Abe, Osamu Liu, Xiaoxi Kawamura, Yoshiya Takei, Kunio Suga, Motomu Yamada, Haruyasu Rogers, Mark A. Aoki, Shigeki Sasaki, Tsukasa Kasai, Kiyoto TI Association Between the Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Amygdalar Volume in Healthy Adults SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Amygdala; autism; MRI; OXTR; oxytocin; social dysfunction ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL RECOGNITION; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; LINKAGE ANALYSES; MEDIAL AMYGDALA; GENOME-WIDE; OXTR GENE; BRAIN; VASOPRESSIN; CHILDREN AB Background: Recent studies have suggested that oxytocin affects social cognition and behavior mediated by the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in amygdala in humans as well as in experimental animals. Genetic studies have revealed a link between the OXTR gene and the susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), especially in the social dysfunctional feature of ASD. Methods: We examined the relationship between amygdala volume measured with manual tracing methodology and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms and one haplotype-block in OXTR, which were previously reported to be associated with ASD, in 208 socially intact Japanese adults with no neuropsychiatric history or current diagnosis. Results: The rs2254298A allele of OXTR was significantly associated with larger bilateral amygdala volume. The rs2254298A allele effect on amygdala volume varied in proportion to the dose of this allele. The larger the number of rs2254298A alleles an individual had, the larger their amygdala volume. Such an association was not observed with hippocampal volume or with global brain volumes, including whole gray, white matter, and cerebrospinal-fluid space. Furthermore, two three-single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes, including rs2254298G allele, showed significant associations with the smaller bilateral amygdala volume. Conclusions: The present results suggest that OXTR might be associated with the susceptibility to ASD, especially in its aspects of social interaction and communication mediated by a modulation of amygdala development, one of the most distributed brain regions with high density of OXTR. Furthermore, amygdala volume measured with magnetic resonance imaging could be a useful intermediate phenotype to uncover the complex link between OXTR and social dysfunction in ASD. C1 [Yamasue, Hidenori] Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Abe, Osamu; Yamada, Haruyasu; Aoki, Shigeki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Radiol, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Liu, Xiaoxi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Human Genet, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Takei, Kunio; Sasaki, Tsukasa] Univ Tokyo, Hlth Serv Ctr, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Yamada, Haruyasu] CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yamasue, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Neuropsychiat, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. EM yamasue-tky@umin.ac.jp FU Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare [H19-kokoro-ippan-012, H20-kokoro-ippan-001, H20-3]; JSPS/MEXT [20023009, 21249064, 08105853, 17-5234]; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST) FX This study was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants, Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health, H19-kokoro-ippan-012, H20-kokoro-ippan-001, and H20-3 to KK) and from the JSPS/MEXT (No. 20023009 and 21249064 to KK, 08105853 to HY, No. 17-5234 to MAR), and by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST). Apart of this study was also the result of "Development of Biomarker Candidates for Social Behavior" carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the MEXT. 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Psychiatry PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1066 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.019 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 688FG UT WOS:000284834600016 PM 20832055 ER PT J AU Kern, JK Geier, DA Adams, JB Geier, MR AF Kern, Janet K. Geier, David A. Adams, James B. Geier, Mark R. TI A biomarker of mercury body-burden correlated with diagnostic domain specific clinical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE Toxicity; Mercury; CARS; ATEC; ASDs; Asperger's; Autism; PDD-NOS; Porphyrins; Biomarkers; Susceptibility ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CENTRAL MECHANISM; TOXICITY; BRAIN; CHILDREN AB The study purpose was to compare the quantitative results from tests for urinary porphyrins, where some of these porphyrins are known biomarkers of heavy metal toxicity, to the independent assessments from a recognized quantitative measurement, the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), of specific domains of autistic disorders symptoms (Speech/Language, Sociability, Sensory/Cognitive Awareness, and Health/Physical/Behavior) in a group of children having a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). After a Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) evaluation to assess the development of each child in this study and aid in confirming their classification, and an ATEC was completed by a parent, a urinary porphyrin profile sample was collected and sent out for blinded analysis. Urinary porphyrins from twenty-four children, 2-13 years of age, diagnosed with autism or PDD-NOS were compared to their ATEC scores as well as their scores in the specific domains (Speech/Language, Sociability, Sensory/Cognitive Awareness, and Health/Physical/Behavior) assessed by ATEC. Their urinary porphyrin samples were evaluated at Laboratoire Philippe Auguste (which is an ISO-approved clinical laboratory). The results of the study indicated that the participants' overall ATEC scores and their scores on each of the ATEC subscales (Speech/Language, Sociability, Sensory/Cognitive Awareness, and Health/Physical/Behavior) were linearly related to urinary porphyrins associated with mercury toxicity. The results show an association between the apparent level of mercury toxicity as measured by recognized urinary porphyrin biomarkers of mercury toxicity and the magnitude of the specific hallmark features of autism as assessed by ATEC. C1 [Kern, Janet K.] Autism Treatment Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [Kern, Janet K.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Geier, David A.] CoMeD Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Geier, David A.] Inst Chron Illnesses Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Adams, James B.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Geier, Mark R.] ASD Ctr LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kern, Janet K.] ASD Ctr Amer, Allen, TX 75013 USA. RP Kern, JK (reprint author), ASD Ctr Amer, 408 N Allen Dr, Allen, TX 75013 USA. EM jkern@dfwair.net FU Autism Research Institute, non-profit CoMeD, Inc.; Brenen Hornstein Autism Research & Education (BHARE) Foundation FX This research was funded by a grant from the Autism Research Institute, non-profit CoMeD, Inc., and by the non-profit Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc. through a grant from the Brenen Hornstein Autism Research & Education (BHARE) Foundation. The authors wish to acknowledge the help of the parents and children who participated in the study; without their participation this type of investigation would not be possible. 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Dankner, Nathan Kenworthy, Lauren Giedd, Jay N. Martin, Alex TI Age-related temporal and parietal cortical thinning in autism spectrum disorders SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE autism; brain; MRI; cortical thickness; age-related changes ID HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; BRAIN MORPHOMETRY; THICKNESS; MRI; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; ADOLESCENCE AB Studies of head size and brain volume in autism spectrum disorders have suggested that early cortical overgrowth may be followed by prematurely arrested growth. However, the few investigations quantifying cortical thickness have yielded inconsistent results, probably due to variable ages and/or small sample sizes. We assessed differences in cortical thickness between high-functioning adolescent and young adult males with autism spectrum disorders (n = 41) and matched typically developing males (n = 40). We hypothesized thinner cortex, particularly in frontal, parietal and temporal regions, for individuals with autism spectrum disorders in comparison with typically developing controls. Furthermore, we expected to find an age x diagnosis interaction: with increasing age, more pronounced cortical thinning would be observed in autism spectrum disorders than typically developing participants. T(1)-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from high-functioning males with autism spectrum disorders and from typically developing males matched group-wise on age (range 12-24 years), intelligence quotient (>= 85) and handedness. Both gyral-level and vertex-based analyses revealed significantly thinner cortex in the autism spectrum disorders group that was located predominantly in left temporal and parietal regions (i.e. the superior temporal sulcus, inferior temporal, postcentral/superior parietal and supramarginal gyri). These findings remained largely unchanged after controlling for intelligence quotient and after accounting for psychotropic medication usage and comorbid psychopathology. Furthermore, a significant age x diagnosis interaction was found in the left fusiform/inferior temporal cortex: participants with autism spectrum disorders had thinner cortex in this region with increasing age to a greater degree than did typically developing participants. Follow-up within group comparisons revealed significant age-related thinning in the autism spectrum disorders group but not in the typically developing group. Both thinner temporal and parietal cortices during adolescence and young adulthood and discrepantly accelerated age-related cortical thinning in autism spectrum disorders suggest that a second period of abnormal cortical growth (i.e. greater thinning) may be characteristic of these disorders. 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J. Hosp. Med. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 71 IS 12 BP 699 EP 703 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 709CG UT WOS:000286412300017 PM 21135768 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Henderson, VL AF Davidson, Joyce Henderson, Victoria L. TI 'Travel in parallel with us for a while': sensory geographies of autism SO CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN LA English DT Article DE autism; autobiography; geographical imagination; politics of difference; disability; autisme; autobiographie; imaginaire geographique; politiques de la difference; invalidite ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUALITATIVE-ANALYSIS; DISABILITY; EXPERIENCES; EXCLUSION; DIAGNOSIS; ACCOUNTS; HEALTH AB Drawing on autobiographies by authors with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), we consider how ASD authors use travel analogies and spatial metaphors to explore questions of difference in autistic sensory experience. ASD authors often appeal to the geographical imagination in an effort to communicate with 'neuro-typical' others for whom autistic behaviour can seem so peculiar as to be almost alien. Blurring the boundaries between pathology and normality, ASD authors counter typically negative and/or dismissive assessments of deficiency, disability and deviance with explanations of reasonable difference in environmental response. This paper takes up the challenge of ASD authors to 'travel in parallel', circumventing biomedical 'checkpoints', if only temporarily, in order to better understand the construction and experience of autistic lifeworlds, wherein spatial and embodied coherence is challenged at every turn and 'sensory mapping' is a means of survival. Rather than viewing perceptual and processing challenges characteristic of ASDs as problems to be fixed, we suggest non-autistic others might instead attempt to understand and appreciate sensory diversity in, and on, authors' own terms.En puisant dans un corpus de recits autobiographiques d'auteurs atteints de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA), cet article explore la question de la difference de l'experience sensorielle de l'autisme, afin d'examiner comment les auteurs TSA ont recours a des analogies de voyage et des metaphores spatiales. Ces derniers se fondent le plus souvent sur un imaginaire geographique pour communiquer avec les gens ' neurologiquement normaux ' pour qui les comportements autistiques sont si particuliers, voire etrangers. C'est en brouillant les frontieres entre la pathologie et la normalite que les auteurs TSA s'opposent aux evaluations generalement negatives et/ou meprisantes des deficiences et invalidites motrices et cognitives et avancent dans leurs recits des explications selon lesquelles la difference qui existe dans les reactions environnementales est raisonnable. Cet article s'inspire de l'appel des auteurs TSA de ' voyager en parallele ' en contournant les ' postes de controle ' biomedicaux, du moins temporairement, afin de mieux comprendre comment se construit et s'eprouve l'univers des autistes dans lequel la coherence spatiale et incarnee est constamment remise en cause et la ' cartographie sensorielle ' apparait comme un moyen de survie. Plutot que de concevoir les deficits caracteristiques des personnes ayant des TSA comme des problemes qu'il faut regler, il est propose que les non-autistes fassent l'effort de comprendre et d'apprecier la diversite sensorielle dans le sens que les auteurs lui donnent. C1 [Davidson, Joyce; Henderson, Victoria L.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Davidson, J (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. 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Geogr.-Geogr. Can. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 54 IS 4 BP 462 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0064.2010.00309.x PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 685RJ UT WOS:000284645500005 ER PT J AU Hayward, DA Burack, JA Shore, DL Kovshoff, H Larocci, G Mottrons, L AF Hayward, Dana A. Burack, Jacob A. Shore, David L. Kovshoff, Hanna Larocci, Grace Mottrons, Laurent TI Is the performance of persons with autism "data driven"? The case of contingency use and higher order processing SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hayward, Dana A.; Burack, Jacob A.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Shore, David L.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Kovshoff, Hanna] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Larocci, Grace] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Mottrons, Laurent] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, STE 702, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 1196-1961 J9 CAN J EXP PSYCHOL JI Can. J. Exp. Psychol.-Rev. Can. Psychol. Exp. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 703OJ UT WOS:000285987800257 ER PT J AU MacLeod, JW Bryson, SE Klein, RM AF MacLeod, Jeffrey W. Bryson, Susan E. Klein, Raymond M. TI Visual search in autism: A consistent islet of ability? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [MacLeod, Jeffrey W.; Bryson, Susan E.; Klein, Raymond M.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, STE 702, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 1196-1961 J9 CAN J EXP PSYCHOL JI Can. J. Exp. Psychol.-Rev. Can. Psychol. Exp. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 703OJ UT WOS:000285987800296 ER PT J AU Sharp, WG Jaquess, DL Morton, JF Herzinger, CV AF Sharp, William G. Jaquess, David L. Morton, Jane F. Herzinger, Caitlin V. TI Pediatric Feeding Disorders: A Quantitative Synthesis of Treatment Outcomes SO CLINICAL CHILD AND FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Behavioral intervention; Evidence-based treatment; Failure to thrive; Feeding; Feeding disorders; Mealtime problems ID CHRONIC FOOD REFUSAL; PROBABILITY INSTRUCTIONAL SEQUENCE; SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; ESCAPE EXTINCTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIORAL-ASSESSMENT; NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT; DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT; POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AB A systematic review of the literature regarding treatment of pediatric feeding disorders was conducted. Articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals (1970-2010) evaluating treatment of severe food refusal or selectivity were identified. Studies demonstrating strict experimental control were selected and analyzed. Forty-eight single-case research studies reporting outcomes for 96 participants were included in the review. Most children presented with complex medical and developmental concerns and were treated at multidisciplinary feeding disorders programs. All studies involved behavioral intervention; no well-controlled studies evaluating feeding interventions by other theoretical perspectives or clinical disciplines met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that behavioral intervention was associated with significant improvements in feeding behavior. 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Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP 348 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s10567-010-0079-7 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 678HN UT WOS:000284064800003 PM 20844951 ER PT J AU Kumar, RA AF Kumar, R. A. TI SHANK2 redemption: another synaptic protein for mental retardation and autism SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kumar, RA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rkumar1@bsd.uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 519 EP U1501 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 676VR UT WOS:000283947300003 PM 20880122 ER PT J AU Isler, JR Martien, KM Grieve, PG Stark, RI Herbert, MR AF Isler, J. R. Martien, K. M. Grieve, P. G. Stark, R. I. Herbert, M. R. TI Reduced functional connectivity in visual evoked potentials in children with autism spectrum disorder SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Coherence; EEG; Power; Synchrony; Connectivity ID OSCILLATORY RESPONSES; NEURONAL OSCILLATIONS; TOP-DOWN; EEG; SYNCHRONIZATION; COHERENCE; INDIVIDUALS; STIMULUS; CORTEX; UNDERCONNECTIVITY AB Objective: An analysis of EEG synchrony between homologous early visual areas tested the hypothesis that interhemispheric functional connectivity during visual stimulation is reduced in children with autism compared to controls. Methods: EEG power and coherence within and between two homologous regions of the occipital cortex were measured during long latency flash visual evoked potentials. Measures were compared between two groups of children (5.5-8.5 years), one with autism spectrum disorders and the other with typical development. Results: In and below the theta band, interhemispheric synchrony was reduced in autistic subjects compared to typical controls by as much as 50%. Above the theta band interhemispheric synchrony in autistic children became indistinguishable from what would occur for uncorrelated cortical activity. Interhemispheric synchrony in autistic subjects was decreased in spite of bilaterally increased power. Wavelet power showed autistic children had a more rapid initial response to stimulation, a slower recovery, and more modulation at longer latencies. Conclusions: Results suggest that the sensory cortices of autistic children are hypersensitive to stimulation with concurrent diminished functional connectivity between hemispheres. Significance: Simultaneously increased intrahemispheric power and decreased interhemispheric synchronization of elemental visual information suggests either that power increases cause poor interhemispheric connectivity or that processes, such as thalamocortical regulation, impact power and coherence independently. (C) 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Isler, J. R.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Martien, K. M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, LADDERS Clin, Lurie Family Autism Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Herbert, M. R.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Martien, K. M.; Herbert, M. R.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, TRANSCEND Res Program, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Isler, JR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, P&S 3-440,630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. 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Psychol.-Sci. Pract. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01220.x PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 691EK UT WOS:000285062900003 ER PT J AU Avramopoulos, D AF Avramopoulos, Dimitrios TI Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders Methods: Molecular Approaches SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Human Genome Project; Next-generation sequencing methods; Linkage analysis; Genetic association studies; Epigenetics ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; MISSING HERITABILITY; EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; COMPLEX DISEASE; CHIP-SEQ; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM; EXPRESSION AB The practice of psychiatry has long suffered from the limited information available on the biological basis of mental disorders. This limitation is now coming to an end. Advances in DNA analysis technologies and in our understanding of the human genome, together with our new knowledge of the properties of the genome and significant efforts toward generating large patient and control sample collections, have paved the way for successful genome-wide association studies. As a result, reports now appear in the literature every week identifying new genes for complex disorders. Next-generation sequencing methods, combined with the results of association and perhaps linkage studies, will help us uncover missing heritability factors, achieve a better understanding of the genetic aspects of psychiatric disease, and devise the best strategies for incorporating genetics in the service of patients. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Avramopoulos, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, BRB 509,733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM adimitr1@jhmi.edu RI lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011; Avramopoulos, Dimitrios/J-4392-2012 FU National Institute of Aging [R01AG022099]; Neurosciences Education and Research Foundation FX The author is supported by funding from the National Institute of Aging (grant R01AG022099) and an award from the Neurosciences Education and Research Foundation. 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In a 2 X 2 design, we presented pictures of hands either experiencing needle pricks or being touched by a Q-tip. In the dissimilar-other condition, the hand was assigned to a patient suffering from a neurological disease in which Q-tips inflicted pain, whereas needle pricks did not. In the similar-other condition, the hand was assigned to a patient who responded to stimulation in the same way as the healthy participant. Participants were instructed to imagine the feeling of the person whose hand was shown and to evaluate his or her affective state. Pain conditions elicited greater EEG suppression than did nonpain conditions, particularly over frontocentral regions. Moreover, an interaction between pain and similarity revealed that for similar others, the pain effect was significant, whereas in the dissimilar-other group, suppression was equally large in the pain and no-pain conditions. We conclude that mu/alpha suppression is elicited both automatically, by observing a situation that is potentially painful for the observer, and by empathy for pain, even if the other person is different from oneself. C1 [Decety, Jean] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Perry, Anat; Bentin, Shlomo] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Lamm, Claus] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Decety, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, 5848 S Univ Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM decety@uchicago.edu FU NSF [BCS-0718480] FX The study was supported by an NSF (BCS-0718480) award to J.D. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to J. Decety, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Chicago, 5848 S. University Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (e-mail: decety@uchicago.edu). 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This study uses the intervention of enhancing empathy via 3D animated scenarios of empathy in a virtual learning environment to help those deficient in empathy. Specifically, this study explores the understanding of empathy, perspective-taking and the performance of understanding of empathy via a collaborative virtual learning environment (CVLE) - empathy system. The study, which used CVLE - 3D empathy systems and three participants diagnosed with ASCs, conducted multiple baseline research for evidence of improved understanding of empathy via system usage. This experimental study lasted 5 months and the experimental results indicate that using the CVLE 3D empathy system had significant and positive effects on participant use of empathy, both within the CVLE 3D empathy system and in terms of maintaining learning in understanding empathy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 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An enormous effort is currently ongoing to recognize and catalogue human CNVs and their associations with abnormal phenotypic outcomes. Recently, several reports related neuropsychiatric diseases (i.e. autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, mental retardation, behavioral problems, epilepsy) with specific CNV. Moreover, for some conditions, both the deletion and duplication of the same genomic segment are related to the phenotype. Syndromes associated with CNVs (microdeletion and microduplication) have long been known to display specific neurobehavioral traits. It is important to note that not every gene is susceptible to gene dosage changes and there are only a few dosage sensitive genes. Smith-Magenis (SMS) and Potocki-Lupski (PTLS) syndromes are associated with a reciprocal microdeletion and microduplication within chromosome 17p11.2. in humans. The dosage sensitive gene responsible for most phenotypes in SMS has been identified: the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (RAI1). Studies on mouse models and humans suggest that RAI1 is likely the dosage sensitive gene responsible for clinical features in PTLS. In addition, the human RAI1 gene has been implicated in several neurobehavioral traits as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA2), schizophrenia and non syndromic autism. In this review we discuss the evidence of RAI1 as a dosage sensitive gene, its relationship with different neurobehavioral traits, gene structure and mutations, and what is known about its molecular and cellular function, as a first step in the elucidation of the mechanisms that relate dosage sensitive genes with abnormal neurobehavioral outcomes. C1 [Carmona-Mora, Paulina; Walz, Katherina] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn,Dept Human Genet, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Walz, K (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, John P Hussman Inst Human Genom, Dr John T Macdonald Fdn,Dept Human Genet, 1501 NW 10th Ave,Room 418, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM kwalz@med.miami.edu FU Jerome Lejeune Foundation FX We thank Irene Perez for English editing of the manuscript and Ana Lorenzo for administrative support. This work was supported in part by the Jerome Lejeune Foundation. 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Genomics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 8 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.2174/138920210793360952 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 685IW UT WOS:000284623400006 PM 21629438 ER PT J AU Phelps, SM AF Phelps, Steven M. TI From endophenotypes to evolution: social attachment, sexual fidelity and the avpr1a locus SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; PRAIRIE VOLE; RETROSPLENIAL CONTRIBUTION; RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTNER PREFERENCE; PROMOTER REGION; MATING SYSTEM; SINGLE-GENE; VASOPRESSIN; AUTISM AB Both medical and evolutionary genetics increasingly emphasize the importance of subtle, quantitative measures of phenotype. One such 'ndophenotype,' the distribution of vasopressin la receptor (V1aR), is a recent focus for studies of social behavior. In animal studies, the neural distribution of V1aR has been linked to both social attachment and patterns of sexual fidelity. At a genetic level, a microsatellite in the cis-egulatory region of the avpr1a locus has been linked to variation in both brain and behavior. Both sets of data become more complex as the mechanistic and evolutionary details are examined more fully. I briefly summarize recent work from animal and human studies of avpr1a and highlight parallels between comparative and clinical approaches. C1 [Phelps, Steven M.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Phelps, SM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sphelps@mail.utexas.edu FU NIH [R21HD059092] FX The author is indebted to A.G. Ophir, P. Campbell, A. Young, L. Turner, and H. Hoekstra for their insightful discussions, and for access to published data reviewed here. Publication of this manuscript was supported by NIH R21HD059092 to SMP. 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Opin. Neurobiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 795 EP 802 DI 10.1016/j.conb.2010.09.002 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 720HY UT WOS:000287272800016 PM 20889332 ER PT J AU Punt, M De Jong, M De Groot, E Hadders-Algra, M AF Punt, Marja De Jong, Marianne De Groot, Erik Hadders-Algra, Mijna TI Minor neurological dysfunction in children with dyslexia SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; BEHAVIORAL-PROBLEMS; HYPOTHESIS; DISORDERS AB AIM To improve understanding of brain function in children with severe dyslexia in terms of minor neurological dysfunctions (MNDs). METHOD One hundred and four children (81 males, 23 females; age range 7-12y; mean age 9y 7mo, SD 1y 2mo;) with severe dyslexia (the presence of a Full-scale IQ score of 85, retardation in single-word or text reading of >= 2y), assessed in a department of dyslexia of a third-level regional psychiatric centre, underwent a neurological examination according to Touwen and a multidisciplinary child psychiatric assessment. Special attention was paid to severity and type of MND. Data were compared with neurological morbidity data of children in the general population. RESULTS Most children had MND (87%): 43% had simple MND, 44% complex MND. The incidence of MND was significantly higher(p < 0.001) in the children with dyslexia than in the general population (simple MND 15%, complex MND 6%). Children with dyslexia showed especially fine manipulative disability and - to a lesser extent - mild dysfunction in muscle tone regulation and excessive presence of associated movements. A comorbid psychiatric syndrome was diagnosed in 66 children (63%): emotional disturbances (27%), adjustment disorder (42%), hyperkinetic disorder (15%), autism spectrum disorder (3%), specific disturbances of childhood not otherwise specified (13%). The neurological findings of children with dyslexia with and without psychiatric comorbidity were similar. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate the importance of neurological and child psychiatric assessment in children with severe dyslexia. Our findings suggest that dysfunction of cortical structures plays a dominant role in dyslexia. C1 [Punt, Marja; De Jong, Marianne] Symfora Grp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Fornhese, Amersfoort, Netherlands. [De Groot, Erik] Dimence, Ctr Mental Hlth Care, Deventer, Netherlands. [Hadders-Algra, Mijna] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Paediat Dev Neurol, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Punt, M (reprint author), Regentesselaan 10, NL-3762 DS Soest, Netherlands. EM marjapunt@planet.nl FU Open Ankh Foundation FX Open Ankh Foundation supported this study financially. 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Med. Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03712.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 679OP UT WOS:000284171000016 PM 20518800 ER PT J AU Barnevik-Olsson, M Gillberg, C Fernell, E AF Barnevik-Olsson, Martina Gillberg, Christopher Fernell, Elisabeth TI Prevalence of autism in children of Somali origin living in Stockholm: brief report of an at-risk population SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY AB This work was a follow-up study (birth years 1999-2003) of the prevalence of autism in children of Somali background living in the county of Stockholm, Sweden. In a previous study (birth years 1988-98), the prevalence of autismassociated with learning disability* was found to be three to four times higher among Somali children compared with other ethnicities in Stockholm. We examined all records of children of Somali background, born from 1999 to 2003, registered at the centre for schoolchildren with autism and learning disability. The census day was 31 December 2009. The prevalence of autism and PDDNOS (with learning disability) was 0.98% (18/1836) in the Somali group and 0.21% (232/111 555) in the group of children of non-Somali origin (p < 0.001). The increased prevalence remained and was now between four and five times higher in children of Somali background. A clinical observation was that more than 80%, in addition to autism and learning disability, had a profound hyperactivity. The findings accord with many other studies reporting higher prevalence rates of autism in children of immigrantmothers. We discuss the need for further research of underlying mechanisms. C1 [Barnevik-Olsson, Martina] Prima Child & Adolescent Psychiat, SE-11621 Stockholm, Sweden. [Barnevik-Olsson, Martina; Fernell, Elisabeth] Autism Ctr Young Children, Stockholm, Sweden. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1167 EP 1168 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03812.x PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 679OP UT WOS:000284171000024 PM 20964674 ER PT J AU Carmody, DP Lewis, M AF Carmody, Dennis P. Lewis, Michael TI Regional White Matter Development in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MRI; autism; brain development; ADOS ID MAPPING BRAIN MATURATION; SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS; LANGUAGE DISORDER; PEDIATRIC BRAIN; FRONTAL-CORTEX; MYELINATION; VOLUME; MIND; MRI; INFANTS AB In this pilot study the severity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was associated with alterations in white matter development. Children with ASD and without ASD were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for their myelination development on a regional basis. Measures were obtained in medial frontal cortex, temporal poles, and temporo-parietal junction in both left and right hemispheres. Children with ASD showed myelination that was greater than expected for their age in both left and right medial frontal cortex and showed myelination that was less than expected in left temporo-parietal junction. The severity of ASD symptoms, as assessed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic, was associated more with left hemisphere alterations than right hemisphere. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 755-763, 2010. C1 [Carmody, Dennis P.; Lewis, Michael] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Inst Study Child Dev, Robert Wood Johnson Autism Ctr, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Carmody, DP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Inst Study Child Dev, Robert Wood Johnson Autism Ctr, 97 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. 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Psychobiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 8 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1002/dev.20471 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 687MW UT WOS:000284783600004 PM 20564327 ER PT J AU Tanimura, Y Yang, MCK Ottens, AK Lewis, MH AF Tanimura, Yoko Yang, Mark C. K. Ottens, Andrew K. Lewis, Mark H. TI Development and Temporal Organization of Repetitive Behavior in an Animal Model SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neurodevelopmental disorders; autism; deer mice; stereotypy; developmental trajectory; successive difference plots ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; NORMAL HUMAN INFANTS; SPONTANEOUS STEREOTYPY; TOURETTES-SYNDROME; SAS PROCEDURE; BODY-ROCKING; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; CHILDREN AB Despite repetitive behaviors being a common feature of a number of clinical disorders and ubiquitous in normative development, little attention has been given to their ontogeny or temporal dynamics. 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C1 [Tanimura, Yoko; Lewis, Mark H.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tanimura, Yoko; Lewis, Mark H.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yang, Mark C. K.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ottens, Andrew K.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Richmond, VA USA. RP Lewis, MH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, McKnight Brain Inst, 100 S Newell Dr,L4-116, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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Psychobiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 8 BP 813 EP 824 DI 10.1002/dev.20477 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Psychology SC Developmental Biology; Psychology GA 687MW UT WOS:000284783600010 PM 20607792 ER PT J AU Stephenson, DT Fitzgerald, LW AF Stephenson, D. T. Fitzgerald, L. W. TI DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACOTHERAPIES FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A MOLECULAR MEDICINE FRAMEWORK FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DRUG DISCOVERY SO DRUGS OF THE FUTURE LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; RETT-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; SYNAPTIC DEFECTS; MUTANT MICE; PHENOTYPES; GENETICS; CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR AB Innovative advances in human molecular genetics, animal models with tighter correlates to human disease and translational biomarkers are accelerating our understanding of brain disorders. They are also providing a therapeutic framework for diseases previously not considered tenable for drug intervention. Such is the case of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), where clinical heterogeneity and gaps in our understanding of the underlying biology of the disorder have been impediments to investment by companies. Evidence for therapeutic rescue of deficits in mouse models of rare gene variants of major effects, combined with insights derived from technological developments in whole exome sequencing and functional neuroimaging, are beginning to inspire investment in pharmacotherapeutic approaches to ASDs. C1 [Stephenson, D. T.] Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global R&D, Neurosci Res Unit, Autism Res Unit, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Fitzgerald, L. W.] AstraZeneca, Cent Nervous Syst & Pain Res Area, Dept Neurosci Biol, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Stephenson, DT (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global R&D, Neurosci Res Unit, Autism Res Unit, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. 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Perras, Cindy Perner, Darlene E. Bouck, Emily C. TI Research to Practice in Autism and Developmental Disabilities SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zucker, Stanley H.] Arizona State Univ, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers Coll, Special Educ Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Perner, Darlene E.] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Bouck, Emily C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zucker, SH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Mary Lou Fulton Teachers Coll, Special Educ Program, Box 875411, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM etadd@asu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU COUNCIL EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN PI ARLINGTON PA 1110 N GLEBE RD, ARLINGTON, VA 22201-5704 USA SN 2154-1647 J9 EDUC TRAIN AUTISM DE JI Educ. Train. Autism Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 471 EP 474 PG 4 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 679YY UT WOS:000284197900001 ER PT J AU Wehmeyer, ML Shogren, KA Zager, D Smith, TEC Simpson, R AF Wehmeyer, Michael L. Shogren, Karrie A. Zager, Dianne Smith, Tom E. C. Simpson, Richard TI Research-Based Principles and Practices for Educating Students with Autism: Self-Determination and Social Interactions SO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TRANSITION-AGE YOUTH; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; MENTAL-RETARDATION; DETERMINATION INTERVENTIONS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; ADULT OUTCOMES; HIGH-SCHOOL; CHILDREN AB Research-Based Principles and Practices for Educating Students with Autism is a text under development by members of the Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities. The text is intended for use as a professional resource and graduate level text for preservice and inservice educators, psychologists, speech/language therapists and clinicians serving children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To familiarize the DADD membership with the content of the text, authors of chapters in the text will present on their topical area at DADD conferences. The first such presentation occurred at the conference in Maui, Hawaii in January of 2010. The topic covered in that presentation, as presented here, was self-determination and social interactions. This article examines the issues of self-determination and students with ASD in three ways; first, we examine the need for interventions to promote self-determination for students with ASD; second, we examine extant interventions that have an empirical basis and might be beneficial to efforts to promote the self-determination of youth with ASD; third, and finally, we propose that a social ecological approach to promoting self-determination is critically important for students with ASD and, indeed, for most students, and provides a useful context in which to engage in such efforts. C1 [Wehmeyer, Michael L.] Univ Kansas, Beach Ctr Disabil, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Shogren, Karrie A.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Smith, Tom E. C.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Zager, Dianne] Pace Univ, New York, NY 10038 USA. RP Wehmeyer, ML (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Beach Ctr Disabil, 3136 Haworth Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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TI Epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; Idiopathic ASD; Metabotropic glutamate receptor; mTOR; Seizures; Tuberous sclerosis complex ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME AB P>Epilepsy occurs frequently in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the mechanisms responsible for increased seizure susceptibility in ASDs are largely unknown. Clues to neural hyperexcitability in the autistic brain might be derived from disorders in which single gene mutations cause both epilepsy and an autistic phenotype, such as fragile X syndrome. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books). C1 [Stafstrom, Carl E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stafstrom, Carl E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hagerman, Paul J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Biol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stafstrom, CE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stafstrom@neurology.wisc.edu CR Berry-Kravis E, 2002, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V44, P724 Hagerman PJ, 2009, EPILEPSY CURR, V9, P108, DOI 10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01309.x Meikle L, 2008, J NEUROSCI, V28, P5422, DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0955-08.2008 Tuchman R, 2009, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V31, P95, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2008.09.009 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 SU 5 BP 78 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02864.x PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 695QV UT WOS:000285388600073 ER PT J AU Ghanizadeh, A AF Ghanizadeh, Ahmad TI Transplantation of GABAergic cell line as a novel hypothesized treatment for autism SO EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Letter ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; INTRANIGRAL TRANSPLANTS; INHIBITION; SEIZURES; MODELS C1 Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hafez Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Res Ctr Psychiat & Behav Sci, Shiraz, Iran. RP Ghanizadeh, A (reprint author), Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hafez Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Res Ctr Psychiat & Behav Sci, Shiraz, Iran. EM ghanizad@sina.tums.ac.ir RI Ghanizadeh, Ahmad/C-2177-2011 CR Canitano R, 2007, EUR CHILD ADOLES PSY, V16, P61, DOI 10.1007/s00787-006-0563-2 Castillo CG, 2010, EPILEPSY BEHAV, V18, P358, DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.06.005 Castillo CG, 2008, BEHAV BRAIN RES, V193, P17, DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.04.023 Eagleson KL, 2010, NEUROSCIENCE, V168, P797, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.066 Enticott PG, 2010, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V52, pe179, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03665.x Fatemi SH, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P743, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0924-z GHANIZADEH A, C KIT CELLS TR UNPUB GHANIZADEH A, 2010, BRAIN RES B 0813 Gogolla N, 2009, J NEURODEV DISORD, V1, P172, DOI 10.1007/s11689-009-9023-x HARADA M, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD Maisano X, 2009, NEUROTHERAPEUTICS, V6, P263, DOI 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.01.011 MEJIATOIBER J, 2010, CELL TRANSPLANT 0613 Oblak AL, 2010, J NEUROCHEM, V114, P1414, DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06858.x Rosenfeld J V, 1993, Ann Acad Med Singapore, V22, P464 Thatcher RW, 2009, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V34, P780, DOI 10.1080/87565640903265178 Thompson K, 2009, NEUROTHERAPEUTICS, V6, P284, DOI 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.01.016 Uhlhaas PJ, 2007, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V62, P190, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.023 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-5050 J9 EPILEPSY BEHAV JI Epilepsy Behav. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 664 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.009 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 699IM UT WOS:000285657100024 PM 20934920 ER PT J AU Stahlberg, O Anckarsater, H Nilsson, T AF Stahlberg, Ola Anckarsater, Henrik Nilsson, Thomas TI Mental health problems in youths committed to juvenile institutions: prevalences and treatment needs SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Adolescent psychiatry; Mental health; Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; Pervasive development disorders; Conduct disorder ID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CONDUCT DISORDER; CHILDHOOD-ONSET; DETENTION; CHILDREN; TEMPERAMENT; POPULATION; AGGRESSION; CHARACTER; OFFENDERS AB Many international studies show that adolescents in coercive institutional care display high prevalences of mental disorders, especially in the form of disruptive behavior disorders [including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder], anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. High degrees of overlap across mental disorders have also been reported. In addition, institutionalized adolescents are often traumatized. Despite this well-documented psychiatric morbidity, the mental health care needs of detained adolescents are often overlooked. The main objective of this study is to assess prevalences of psychiatric disorders, results of intelligence tests, and previous contacts with child and adolescent psychiatric services among adolescents in institutional care. DSM-IV diagnoses, mental health contacts, substance abuse, neurocognitive abilities, and school performance were registered in 100 adolescents (92 boys, 8 girls) aged 12-19 years (mean age 16.0; SD +/- A 1.5) consecutively committed to Swedish juvenile institutions between 2004 and 2007. At least one psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 73% of the subjects: 48% met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for AD/HD, 17% for an autism spectrum disorder, and 10% for a mental retardation. The collapsed prevalence for psychiatric disorders requiring specialist attention was 63%. Our data indicate that systematic diagnostic procedures are crucial in the treatment planning for institutionalized adolescents. Adequate treatment strategies need to be designed and implemented to meet the extensive mental health care needs of this vulnerable population. C1 [Stahlberg, Ola; Anckarsater, Henrik; Nilsson, Thomas] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Stahlberg, Ola; Anckarsater, Henrik; Nilsson, Thomas] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. RP Stahlberg, O (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. EM ola.stahlberg@neuro.gu.se FU National Board of Institutional Care (SiS), Sweden; National Board of Forensic Medicine; Region of Vastra Gotaland FX This work was supported by grants to HA from The National Board of Institutional Care (SiS), Sweden, to TN from the National Board of Forensic Medicine, and by support to OS from the Region of Vastra Gotaland. The following clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers are highly appreciated for their contributions to the collection of clinical data: Iraj Abedini, Agneta Andersson, Susanne Durehed, Anders Elverfors, Anders W Eriksson, Mats Gustafsson, Eva Hallberg, Sabina Johansson, Mats Johnson, Peter Sand, Dan Sjoholm, and Elisabet Akerlund. Monika Montell and Agneta Brimse were excellent research secretaries. CR Abram KM, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P301, DOI [10.1097/CHI.0b013e318160b3bb, 10.1097/chi.0b013e318160b3bb] Abram KM, 2003, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V60, P1097, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.60.11.1097 Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anckarsater H, 2007, PSYCHOMETRIC DEV AUT Anckarsäter Henrik, 2007, Dev Neurorehabil, V10, P57, DOI 10.1080/13638490600864157 Anckarsater H, 2008, NORD J PSYCHIAT, V62, P160, DOI 10.1080/08039480801957269 Andershed H. 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Child Adolesc. Psych. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 19 IS 12 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s00787-010-0137-1 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 682SE UT WOS:000284422500005 PM 20949366 ER PT J AU Capp, PL de Faria, MEJ Siqueira, SRDT Cillo, MTP Prado, EGB de Siqueira, JTT AF Capp, P. L. de Faria, M. E. J. Siqueira, S. R. D. T. Cillo, M. T. P. Prado, E. G. B. de Siqueira, J. T. T. TI Special care dentistry: Midazolam conscious sedation for patients with neurological diseases SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Conscious sedation; Dental treatment; Midazolam; Special care; Special need ID DENTAL TREATMENT AB Aim Midazolam is used very often to control the anxiety of patients for dental treatment especially in patients with special needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Midazolam in patients with neurological diseases referred for dental treatment. Study design Descriptive study Methods Forty consecutive patients with neurological disorders (encephalopathy, autism, and epilepsy) were referred to dental treatment, and 45 sedations were performed; all were sedated with Midazolam (intramuscular 0.2-0.3 mg/kg or intravenous 0.1mg/kg) and all were anesthetised with lidocaine 2% (0.5-2 mL). During the dental procedure, their behavior was analysed and classified into 3 categories: A (indifferent), 8 (reacted but allowed treatment), and C (did not allow treatment). Data were tabbed and statistically analysed. Results The final patients' classification was: A 22 (49%), 8 18 (40%) and C 5 (11%); the patients with encephalopathy had the best results of sedation according to the proposed classification (p<0.05). Conclusion Midazolam demonstrated to be effective in 89% of this sample for dental procedures in patients with neurological and behavioral disturbances, but it was less effective for patients with autism (p<0.05). C1 [Capp, P. L.; de Faria, M. E. J.] Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Sch Med, Dent Div, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Siqueira, S. R. D. T.] Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Sch Med, Sch Arts Sci & Humanity, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Prado, E. G. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Sch Med, Dent Div,Psychiat Inst, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [de Siqueira, J. T. T.] Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Sch Med, Dent Div,Orofacial Pain Team, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Capp, PL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, Sch Med, Dent Div, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM silviadowgan@hotmail.com RI Siqueira, Silvia/B-8990-2012 OI Siqueira, Silvia/0000-0003-0207-0072 CR Aka W, 1995, J Clin Pediatr Dent, V19, P91 Alcaino E A, 2000, Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg, V15, P206 DOWNS, 1997, J DENT CHILDREN, V17, P161 Fukuta O, 1994, J Clin Pediatr Dent, V18, P259 Kohjitani A, 2008, J ORAL REHABIL, V35, P203, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01752.x Leitch Jason, 2007, Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, V20, P384, DOI 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32825ea2a4 Matsuki Y, 2007, ACTA ANAESTH SCAND, V51, P16, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01170.x Pisalchaiyong T, 2005, PEDIATR DENT, V27, P198 PRADO EB, 1999, OROFACIAL PAIN TMD B, P67 RUNES J, 1997, SWED DENT J, V20, P29 Schmidt K Douglas, 2005, J Dent Child (Chic), V72, P48 SMITH BM, 1998, COMPENDIUM CONTINUIN, V19, P590 Smith B M, 1998, Compend Contin Educ Dent, V19, P586 SMITH BM, 1998, COMPENDIUM CONTINUIN, V19, P592 van der Bijl P, 1994, Ann Dent, V53, P37 YAGIELA JA, 1991, FARMACOLOGIA TERAPEU, P503 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ARIESDUE SRL PI CARIMATE PA VIA AIROLDI, CARIMATE, 11-22060, ITALY SN 1591-996X J9 EUR J PAEDIATR DENT JI Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 4 BP 162 EP 164 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pediatrics GA 699KT UT WOS:000285663000002 PM 21250764 ER PT J AU Pascual, R Ebner, D Araneda, R Urqueta, MJ Bustamante, C AF Pascual, Rodrigo Ebner, Daniela Araneda, Rodrigo Jose Urqueta, Maria Bustamante, Carlos TI Maternal stress induces long-lasting Purkinje cell developmental impairments in mouse offspring SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Prenatal stress; Purkinje cell development; Elevated plus maze; Golgi method; Anxious behavior ID ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE; PRENATAL STRESS; CEREBELLAR DEVELOPMENT; DENDRITIC TREE; FEMALE RATS; AUTISM; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ANXIETY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB A number of clinical studies suggest that prenatal stress can be a risk factor in the development of various psychopathologies, including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and autism. The cerebellar vermis has been shown to be involved in most of these disorders. In the present study, therefore, we evaluate the effect of maternal stress on long-term alterations in vermal Purkinje cell morphology. Furthermore, to discern whether these structural changes are associated with anxious behavior, the exploratory drive in the elevated plus maze was evaluated. Pregnant CF-1 mice were randomly assigned to control (n = 14) or stressed (n = 16) groups. Dams of the stressed group were subjected to restraint stress between gestational days 14 and 20, while control pregnant dams remained undisturbed in their home cages. Anxious behavior and Purkinje cell morphology were evaluated in three ontogenetic stages: postweaning, adolescence, and adulthood. Although exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze was unaffected by prenatal stress, the Purkinje cell morphology showed a transient period of abnormal growth (at postweaning and juvenile stages) followed by dramatic dendritic atrophy in adulthood. In conclusion, prenatal stress induced significant long-lasting bimodal changes in the morphology of vermal Purkinje cells. These structural alterations, however, were not accompanied by anxious behaviors in the elevated plus maze. C1 [Pascual, Rodrigo; Ebner, Daniela; Araneda, Rodrigo; Jose Urqueta, Maria; Bustamante, Carlos] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Fac Ciencias, Lab Neurociencias, Escuela Kinesiol, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Pascual, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Fac Ciencias, Lab Neurociencias, Escuela Kinesiol, Valparaiso, Chile. EM rodrigo.pascual@ucv.cl FU PUCV-VRIEA [127.706/2008] FX This research was supported by Grant PUCV-VRIEA 127.706/2008. 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J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 169 IS 12 BP 1517 EP 1522 DI 10.1007/s00431-010-1258-8 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 669RW UT WOS:000283368900011 PM 20652312 ER PT J AU Somma, F Castagnola, R Bollino, D Marigo, L AF Somma, F. Castagnola, R. Bollino, D. Marigo, L. TI Oral inflammatory process and general health Part 1: The focal infection and the oral inflammatory lesion SO EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Bacteremia; Endocarditis; Focal infection ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BACTERIAL-ENDOCARDITIS; PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS; ATHEROMATOUS PLAQUES; PERIAPICAL PATHOSIS; ENDODONTIC THERAPY; DENTAL EXTRACTIONS; SYSTEMIC-DISEASE; BACTEREMIA; PROPHYLAXIS AB A focal infection is a localized or generalized infection caused by the dissemination of microorganisms or toxic products from a focus of infection in various organic districts, including the oral district. In the Part 1 of this two-part review article, after historical signs, the Authors describe the current pathogenic concepts like the "immuno-allergic theory" and the formation of auto-antibodies in human body, contributing to the genesis of autoimmune illnesses sustained by individual reactivity linked to eredo-constitutionality. Some theories suppose a focal origin even for general pathology such as cancer, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS), Tourette's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, polycystic kidney disease, obesity, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Laboratory analyses (leucocytic formula, protein electrophoresis, C-reactive protein, REUMA test VES, TAS, etc.) are suggestive of the presence of an inflammatory process or of the presence of an aspecific answer to an inflammatory situation. The DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction method (PCR) is fundamental for the diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections, particularly for those that have non-culturable microorganisms or in cases where are present but in extremely small number in the sample to be analyzed. A positive result confirms the diagnosis, but negative result is not indicator of the absence of illness. Even for oral inflammatory lesions, different basic mechanisms concerning the possible association with systemic diseases exist. They concern local spread, metastatic spread or immunologic cross-reactivity. In this case we assume that most of the ailments come from dental or periodontal foci, as in the bacterial endocarditis, but instead of considering them as possible pathogenetic mechanism of an immune nature, we consider them as originated by the body's response to the presence of bacterial antigens through the formation of specific antibodies. Much researche, sometimes contrasting, has evaluated periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis. Oral inflammatory lesions have been shown unequivocally to contribute to elevated systemic inflammatory responses. In some researches intensive periodontal therapy showed a significant reduction of lymphocyte formula, of CRP levels, of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and of LDL cholesterol after two months. C1 [Marigo, L.] Catholic Univ Sacred Heart Rome, Dept Odontostomatol Discipline, Sect Clin & Pathol, Rome, Italy. [Somma, F.; Castagnola, R.; Bollino, D.] Catholic Univ Sacred Heart Rome, Dept Odontostomatol Discipline, Sect Endodont, Rome, Italy. RP Marigo, L (reprint author), Catholic Univ Sacred Heart Rome, Dept Odontostomatol Discipline, Sect Clin & Pathol, Rome, Italy. 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Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1085 EP 1095 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 699CO UT WOS:000285641700012 PM 21375141 ER PT J AU Villagonzalo, KA Dodd, S Dean, O Gray, K Tonge, B Berk, M AF Villagonzalo, Kristi-Ann Dodd, Seetal Dean, Olivia Gray, Kylie Tonge, Bruce Berk, Michael TI Oxidative pathways as a drug target for the treatment of autism SO EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS LA English DT Review DE antioxidant treatment; autism; autistic disorder; oxidative stress ID N-ACETYL-CYSTEINE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; DOUBLE-BLIND; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; GLUTATHIONE PRECURSOR; METABOLIC BIOMARKERS; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB Importance of the field: Autism is a severe, pervasive developmental disorder, the aetiology of which is poorly understood. Current pharmacological treatment options for autism are often focused on addressing comorbid behavioural problems, rather than core features of the disorder. Investigation of a new treatment approach is needed. Areas covered in this review: Recent research has indicated a possible role of abnormalities in oxidative homeostasis in the pathophysiology of autism, based on reports that a range of oxidative biomarkers are significantly altered in people with autism. This article reviews the current findings on oxidative stress in autism, including genetic links to oxidative pathways, changes in antioxidant levels and other oxidative stress markers. We conducted a search of the literature up to June 2010, using Medline, Pubmed, PsycINFO, CINAHL PLUS and BIOSIS Previews. What the reader will gain: This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in autism. This will assist in highlighting areas of future therapeutic targets and potential underlying pathophysiology of this disorder. Take home message: Abnormalities in oxidative homeostasis may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism. Antioxidant treatment may form a potential therapeutic pathway for this complex disorder. C1 [Villagonzalo, Kristi-Ann; Dodd, Seetal; Dean, Olivia; Berk, Michael] Univ Melbourne, Dept Clin & Biomed Sci, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Gray, Kylie; Tonge, Bruce] Monash Univ, Sch Psychol Psychiat & Psychol Med, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Berk, Michael] Orygen Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Berk, Michael] Mental Hlth Res Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Villagonzalo, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Clin & Biomed Sci, Kitchener House,POB 281, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. EM k.villagonzalo@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au RI Berk, Michael/M-7891-2013; Gray, Kylie/H-3345-2014 OI Berk, Michael/0000-0002-5554-6946; Gray, Kylie/0000-0001-6518-4240 FU Australian Rotary Health Fund; Stanley Medical Research Institute; MBF Bioscience; National Health and Medical Research Council; Beyond Blue; Geelong Medical Research Foundation; Australian Rotary Health; Bristol Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly; Glaxo Smithkline; Organon; Novartis; Mayne Pharma; Servier; Astra Zeneca FX This paper has been sponsored by the Australian Rotary Health Fund. M Berk has received research funding from Stanley Medical Research Institute, MBF Bioscience, National Health and Medical Research Council, Beyond Blue, Geelong Medical Research Foundation, Australian Rotary Health, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smithkline, Organon, Novartis, Mayne Pharma, Servier and Astra Zeneca. He has been a paid consultant for Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squib, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smithkline, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck and Pfizer, and has been a paid speaker for Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smithkline, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer, Sanofi Synthelabo, Solvay and Wyeth. 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Proteomics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 BP 808 EP 808 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 693ME UT WOS:000285227400004 ER PT J AU Van Laarhoven, T Kraus, E Karpman, K Nizzi, R Valentino, J AF Van Laarhoven, Toni Kraus, Erika Karpman, Keri Nizzi, Rosemary Valentino, Joe TI A Comparison of Picture and Video Prompts to Teach Daily Living Skills to Individuals With Autism SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; picture prompting; video prompting; daily living skills; efficiency ID MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SELF-MANAGEMENT; STUDENTS; ACQUISITION; INSTRUCTION; PEOPLE; CUES AB This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of video prompting and picture prompting when used as antecedents for teaching daily living skills to two adolescents with autism. 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Koenig, Kathleen Scahill, Lawrence TI Group Social Skills Instruction for Adolescents With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; Asperger; adolescence; social skills; group intervention ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION INTERVENTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; DEFICITS; PROGRAM; TRIAL AB Given the increased recognition of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the chronic and pervasive nature of associated deficits, there is a pressing need for effective treatments. The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a structured, group social skills training program for high-functioning youth with ASD was examined in this study. Fifteen participants (14 boys and 1 girl; age M = 12.55 years +/- 1 year) completed a 16-week outpatient group-based intervention. The structured treatment was acceptable to families based on session attendance (89%) and postgroup satisfaction ratings. Treatment integrity was acceptable. Nine participants demonstrated significant improvement based on reliable change indices. Gains were not, however, uniform across school and home, nor were they consistently maintained following treatment. C1 [White, Susan W.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Psychol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Koenig, Kathleen; Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. [Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. RP White, SW (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Psychol, 109 Williams Hall 0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM sww@vt.edu CR Aldred C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1420, DOI 10.1111/j1469-7610.2004.00338.x American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Attwood T., 2000, AUTISM, V4, P85, DOI DOI 10.1177/1362361300004001006 Bandura A, 2004, COGNITION PSYCHOTHER, P25 Barnhill G., 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P112, DOI 10.1177/10883576020170020601 Barry TD, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P685, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006004.86556.e0 Bauminger N, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P489, DOI 10.1023/A:1025827427901 BERUMENT S, 1999, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V161, P839 Carter A., 2005, HDB AUTISM PERVASIVE, P312 Carter C, 2004, FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH, V27, P143 Charlop-Christy MH, 2003, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V5, P12, DOI 10.1177/10983007030050010101 Chorpita B. F., 2007, MODULAR COGNITIVE BE Constantino JN, 2005, SOCIAL RESPONSIVENES Cooper M. 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R., 2000, ASPERGER SYNDROME, P340 Webb B. J., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P53, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190010701 Wechsler D., 1999, MANUAL WECHSLER ABBR White SW, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1858, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x White SW, 2009, CLIN PSYCHOL REV, V29, P216, DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.003 White SW, 2010, CLIN CHILD FAM PSYCH, V13, P77, DOI 10.1007/s10567-009-0062-3 Wolery M, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P463, DOI 10.1023/A:1020598023809 Shaked M, 2003, LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN ASPERGER SYNDROME, P104 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1177/1088357610380595 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 683IT UT WOS:000284470200002 ER PT J AU Daniel, LS Billingsley, BS AF Daniel, Leslie S. Billingsley, Bonnie S. TI What Boys With an Autism Spectrum Disorder Say About Establishing and Maintaining Friendships SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; friendships; interviews; youth; qualitative software ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PERCEPTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; NETWORKS; ADULTS; SCHOOL AB Seven boys, 10 to 14 years old, with autism spectrum disorders and good verbal communication, were interviewed to determine how they establish and maintain friendships. Parents and the boys' teachers were interviewed for supportive information. All of the boys had friends, and 6 described establishing friendships as the most difficult aspect. Reasons for difficulty in establishing friendships included the desire not to be the one who initiated contact, the intention to avoid violating the social hierarchy of the school, and concerns related to being exploited or being a nuisance. The 7th boy did not desire friendships beyond family friends. All participants described shared interests as critical to maintaining friendships. Four youth have maintained stable friendships across distances and transitions. C1 [Daniel, Leslie S.] Radford Univ, Sch Teacher Educ & Leadership, Radford, VA 24142 USA. [Billingsley, Bonnie S.] Virginia Tech, Sch Educ, Coll Liberal Arts & Human Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Daniel, LS (reprint author), Radford Univ, Sch Teacher Educ & Leadership, Peters Hall Box 6959, Radford, VA 24142 USA. EM ldaniel10@radford.edu CR Adler P. 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M., 2003, EARLY CHILD DEV CARE, V173, P435, DOI 10.1080/0300443032000079113 ResearchWare, 2005, HYPERRESEARCH VERS 2 Rossman G. B., 2003, LEARNING FIELD INTRO Seamon D., 2000, PHENOMENOLOGY PLACE Shulman S, 1997, J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE, V26, P597, DOI 10.1023/A:1024586006966 Siedman I., 1998, INTERVIEWING QUALITA SNOW DA, 2004, NSF PUBLICATION, V4219, P133 WEITZMAN EA, 2004, NSF PUBLICATION, V4219, P145 Zarbatany L., 1992, J EARLY ADOLESC, V12, P111, DOI 10.1177/0272431692012001007 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1177/1088357610378290 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 683IT UT WOS:000284470200003 ER PT J AU Holifield, C Goodman, J Hazelkorn, M Heflin, LJ AF Holifield, Cassandra Goodman, Janet Hazelkorn, Michael Heflin, L. Juane TI Using Self-Monitoring to Increase Attending to Task and Academic Accuracy in Children With Autism SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism; self-monitoring; attending to task; academic accuracy; elementary-aged ID MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; GENERAL-EDUCATION; READING-COMPREHENSION; SOCIAL SKILLS; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; CLASSROOM; PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION AB This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a self-monitoring procedure on increasing attending to task and academic accuracy in two elementary students with autism in their self-contained classroom. A multiple baseline across participants in two academic subject areas was used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Both students were taught to self-monitor in language arts and mathematics with measures of attending to task and academic accuracy being collected simultaneously. Results are interpreted to conclude that the self-monitoring procedure was effective for both students and resulted in immediate increases in attending to task and academic accuracy even though results in academic accuracy were variable. Social validity was documented by the increase in two behaviors relevant for student success (attending to task and academic accuracy) and greater student independence. C1 [Goodman, Janet] Haralson Cty Sch, Cty Off, Tallapoosa, GA 30176 USA. [Holifield, Cassandra] NW Georgia Learning Resource Ctr, Rome, GA USA. [Hazelkorn, Michael] Univ W Georgia, Special Educ & Speech Language Pathol Dept, Rome, GA USA. [Heflin, L. Juane] Georgia State Univ, Dept Educ Psychol & Special Educ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Goodman, J (reprint author), Haralson Cty Sch, Cty Off, 299 S Robertson Ave, Tallapoosa, GA 30176 USA. EM janet.goodman@haralson.k12.ga.us CR Agran M, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P3 AKANDE A, 1997, EDUCATION, V118, P275 Brigance A. H., 1991, BRIGANCE DIAGNOSTIC Carr S. C., 1993, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V18, P241 CLEES TJ, 1994, EXCEPTIONALITY, V5, P113, DOI 10.1207/s15327035ex0503_1 Coyle C, 2004, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V29, P3, DOI 10.1080/08927020410001662642 DIGANGI SA, 1991, LEARNING DISABILITY, V14, P223 DIGANGI SA, 1992, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V17, P281 DUNLAP LK, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P309, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-309 Fuchs D., 1991, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V16, P133 Ganz JB, 2005, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V40, P24 Hagaman JL, 2008, REM SPEC EDUC, V29, P222, DOI 10.1177/0741932507311638 HARRIS KR, 1994, LEARN DISABILITY Q, V17, P121, DOI 10.2307/1511182 Harris KR, 2005, J SPEC EDUC, V39, P145, DOI 10.1177/00224669050390030201 Hersen M., 1976, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES HOGAN S, 1993, BEHAV DISORDERS, V18, P118 King-Sears ME, 1999, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V34, P134 KOEGEL LK, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P341, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-341 Koegel R. L., 1995, TEACHING CHILDREN AU, P67 KOEGEL RL, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P119, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-119 KOEGEL RL, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P369, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-369 Lee S. H., 2007, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V22, P2, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576070220010101 Lee SH, 2008, J SPEC EDUC, V42, P91, DOI 10.1177/0022466907312354 Levendoski LS, 2000, BEHAV DISORDERS, V25, P211 LICHT BG, 1983, J LEARN DISABIL, V16, P483 Loftin RL, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1124, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0499-5 MAAG JW, 1993, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V26, P329, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-329 MALONE LD, 1992, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V58, P270 MAYERJOHNSON LLC, 1999, BOARDMAKER WINDOWS V MCCARL JJ, 1991, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V26, P79 Morrison L., 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V3, P237, DOI DOI 10.1177/109830070100300405 O'Reilly M. F., 2002, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V49, P95, DOI 10.1080/10349120120115352 Odom S. 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D., 1996, EARLY EDUC DEV, V7, P205, DOI 10.1027/s15566935eed0703_1 Stahr B, 2006, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V8, P201, DOI 10.1177/10983007060080040301 STRAIN PS, 1994, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V2, P78 Sutherland KS, 2007, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V15, P103, DOI 10.1177/10634266070150020101 Thorndike RL, 1986, STANFORD BINET INTEL TODD T., 2006, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V21, P167, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576060210030501 WEBER J, 1993, REM SPEC EDUC, V14, P38 Wehmeyer ML, 2000, J SPEC EDUC, V34, P58, DOI 10.1177/002246690003400201 Wilkinson LA, 2008, INTERV SCH CLIN, V43, P150, DOI 10.1177/1053451207311613 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1177/1088357610380137 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 683IT UT WOS:000284470200004 ER PT J AU Pennington, RC AF Pennington, Robert C. TI Computer-Assisted Instruction for Teaching Academic Skills to Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Literature SO FOCUS ON AUTISM AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Review DE computer-assisted instruction; autism spectrum disorders; academics; evidence-based practices ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; CONSTRUCTION; ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; VOCABULARY; FEEDBACK; BEHAVIOR AB Although legislation mandates that students with autism receive instruction linked to the general education core content, there is limited research supporting the effectiveness of interventions for teaching core content to these students. In this study, the author reviewed research conducted between the years 1997 and 2008 using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to teach academic skills to students with autism. The author concluded that CAI was effective for teaching a limited set of academic skills to individuals with autism; however, functional relations were found in few of the single-case designs and none of the group designs included a control group. Future researchers should explore the use of CAI in various instructional arrangements, identify critical technology components, and evaluate commercially available software. C1 Univ Louisville, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Pennington, RC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM robert.pennington@louisville.edu CR Anohina A, 2005, EDUC TECHNOL SOC, V8, P91 Basil C., 2003, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V19, P27, DOI [10.1191/0265659003ct242oa, DOI 10.1191/0265659003CT242OA] Blischak DM, 2003, TOP LANG DISORD, V23, P293 Blischak DM, 2001, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V16, P170, DOI 10.1177/108835760101600305 Boone R., 1996, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V11, P69 Bosseler A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P653, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006002.82367.4f Browder DM, 2007, J SPEC EDUC, V41, P2, DOI 10.1177/00224669070410010101 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V58, P1 CHEN SHA, 1993, MENT RETARD, V31, P368 Clark KM, 2004, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V37, P503, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-503 COLBY KM, 1973, J AUTISM CHILD SCHIZ, V3, P254, DOI 10.1007/BF01538283 COLEMANMARTIN MB, 2005, AUTISM, V20, P80 Delano ME, 2007, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V40, P345, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2007.50-06 Gersten R, 2005, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V71, P149 HEIMANN M, 1995, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V25, P459, DOI 10.1007/BF02178294 Hetzroni O, 2002, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V27, P57, DOI 10.1080/13668250120109204 Hetzroni O. 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A., 2000, DO WATCH LISTEN SAY Riesen T., 2003, J BEHAV ED, V12, P241, DOI DOI 10.1023/A:1026076406656 Schlosser RW, 1998, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V28, P309, DOI 10.1023/A:1026060619378 Schlosser RW, 2004, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V47, P848, DOI [10.1044/1092-4388(2004/063), 10.4044/1092-4388(2004/063)] Self T, 2007, TOP LANG DISORD, V27, P242 Stromer R, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P25, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-25 Sugasawara H, 2007, BEHAV INTERVENT, V22, P263, DOI 10.1002/bin.248 Yamamoto J, 1999, RES DEV DISABIL, V20, P355, DOI 10.1016/S0891-4222(99)00017-7 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1088-3576 J9 FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS JI Focus Autism Dev. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1177/1088357610378291 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 683IT UT WOS:000284470200005 ER PT J AU McFadden, D Hsieh, MD Garcia-Sierra, A Champlin, CA AF McFadden, Dennis Hsieh, Michelle D. Garcia-Sierra, Adrian Champlin, Craig A. TI Differences by sex, ear, and sexual orientation in the time intervals between successive peaks in auditory evoked potentials SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; TRANSMISSION TIME; HEAD SIZE; LATENCY; AGE; REPLACEMENT; GENDER; AUTISM; WOMEN AB Auditory evoked potential (AEP) data from two studies originally designed for other purposes were reanalyzed. The auditory brainstem response (ABR), middle-latency response (MLR), and long-latency response (LLR) were measured. The latencies to each of several peaks were measured for each subject for each ear of click presentation, and the time intervals between successive peaks were calculated. Of interest were differences in interpeak intervals between the sexes, between people of differing sexual orientations, and between the two ears of stimulation. Most of the differences obtained were small. The largest sex differences were for interval I -> V in the ABR and interval N1 -> N2 of the LLR (effect sizes > 0.6). The largest differences between heterosexuals and nonheterosexuals were for the latency to Wave I in both sexes, for the interval Na -> Nb in females, and for intervals V -> Na and Nb -> N1 in males (effect sizes > 0.3). The largest difference for ear stimulated was for interval N1 -> N2 in heterosexual females (effect size similar to 0.5). No substantial differences were found in the AEP intervals between women using, and not using, oral contraceptives. Left/right correlations for the interpeak intervals were mostly between about 0.4 and 0.6. Correlations between the ipsilateral intervals were small; i.e., interval length early in the AEP series was not highly predictive of interval length later in the series. Interpeak intervals appear generally less informative than raw latencies about differences by sex and by sexual orientation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McFadden, Dennis] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [McFadden, Dennis; Champlin, Craig A.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Perceptual Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hsieh, Michelle D.; Champlin, Craig A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Sierra, Adrian] Univ Washington, Inst Learning & Brain Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McFadden, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Seay Bldg,1 Univ Stn A8000, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mcfadden@psy.utexas.edu; michellehsieh@mail.utexas.edu; gasa@u.washington.edu; champlin@austin.utexas.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [RO1 DC000153] FX This work was supported by a research grant awarded to DM by the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD; RO1 DC000153). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIDCD or the National Institutes of Health. E.G. Pasanen helped with the resampling, M.M. Maloney helped with the figures, and Diana Simmons and Lars Strother helped with early data analysis. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 436 EP 454 DI 10.1177/0957154X09341438 PG 19 WC History Of Social Sciences; Psychiatry SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychiatry GA 690YZ UT WOS:000285047900005 PM 21877421 ER PT J AU Kumari, D Usdin, K AF Kumari, Daman Usdin, Karen TI The distribution of repressive histone modifications on silenced FMR1 alleles provides clues to the mechanism of gene silencing in fragile X syndrome SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; PREMUTATION MICE; REPEAT EXPANSION; PROMOTER REGION; NONCODING RNAS; FISSION YEAST; HETEROCHROMATIN; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability and the most common known cause of autism. Most cases of FXS result from the expansion of a CGG. CCG repeat in the 5' UTR of the FMR1 gene that leads to gene silencing. It has previously been shown that silenced alleles are associated with histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9Me2) and H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27Me3), modified histones typical of developmentally repressed genes. We show here that these alleles are also associated with elevated levels of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9Me3) and histone H4 trimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20Me3). All four of these modified histones are present on exon 1 of silenced alleles at levels comparable to that seen on pericentric heterochromatin. The two groups of histone modifications show a different distribution on fragile X alleles: H3K9Me2 and H3K27Me3 have a broad distribution, whereas H3K9Me3 and H4K20Me3 have a more focal distribution with the highest level of these marks being present in the vicinity of the repeat. 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CRS is a devastating syndrome that encompasses a wide variety of disorders, including (but certainly not limited to) cataracts, congenital heart defects, deafness and mental retardation. Elimination of rubella was declared in the United States in 2004; however, the US faces the risk of rubella outbreaks. In this article, we discuss the possibility of rubella outbreaks in the US due to refusal of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination and importation of the disease from regions where vaccination coverage is suboptimal. To avoid the severe health consequences associated with prenatal rubella infection, continued attention should be given to the maintenance of high MMR coverage. C1 [Berger, Brynn E.; Omer, Saad B.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Omer, Saad B.] Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berger, BE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM brynn.e.berger@gmail.com RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012 OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474 FU Emory University Global Health Institute FX This review was partially funded through the Emory University Global Health Institute, which had no role in the design and conduct of the review or preparation and submission of the final manuscript. 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Vaccines PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.4161/hv.6.12.13398 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 735SR UT WOS:000288438200014 PM 21150305 ER PT J AU Holmboe, K Elsabbagh, M Volein, A Tucker, LA Baron-Cohen, S Bolton, P Charman, T Johnson, MH AF Holmboe, Karla Elsabbagh, Mayada Volein, Agnes Tucker, Leslie A. Baron-Cohen, Simon Bolton, Patrick Charman, Tony Johnson, Mark H. TI Frontal cortex functioning in the infant broader autism phenotype SO INFANT BEHAVIOR & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Broader autism phenotype; Infancy; Attention; Inhibition; Frontal cortex ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FAMILY-HISTORY; CHILDREN; SIBLINGS; TWIN; PREVALENCE AB Atypical attention has been proposed as a marker of the broader autism phenotype In the present study we investigated this and the related process of Inhibitory control at the youngest possible age through the study of infant siblings of children with an autism spectrum disorder (Sibs-ASD) Both attention and inhibition have been related to the frontal cortex of the brain Nine- to ten-month-old Sibs-ASD and low-risk control infants completed the Freeze-Frame task in which infants are encouraged to inhibit looks to peripherally presented distractors whilst looking at a central animation The attractiveness of the central stimulus is varied in order to investigate the selectivity of Infants responses In line with previous studies It was found that a subset of Sibs-ASD infants had difficulty disengaging attention from a central stimulus in order to orient to a peripheral stimulus The Sibs-ASD group also showed less Selective Inhibition than controls However Sibs-ASD infants did demonstrate Selective Inhibitory Learning These results provide preliminary evidence for atypical frontal cortex functioning in the infant broader autism phenotype (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Holmboe, Karla] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Holmboe, Karla; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Volein, Agnes; Tucker, Leslie A.; Johnson, Mark H.] Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, Dept Psychol Sci Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HX, England. [Charman, Tony] Univ London, Inst Educ, Dept Psychol & Human Dev, London WC1H 0AL, England. [Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Sect Dev Psychiat, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Holmboe, K (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, Box P080,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.05.004 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 701WX UT WOS:000285857000012 PM 20609478 ER PT J AU Karabekiroglu, K Briggs-Gowan, MJ Carter, AS Rodopman-Arman, A Akbas, S AF Karabekiroglu, Koray Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J. Carter, Alice S. Rodopman-Arman, Ayse Akbas, Seher TI The clinical validity and reliability of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) SO INFANT BEHAVIOR & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE BITSEA; Toddler; Early childhood; Clinical validity; Reliability ID ABERRANT BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST; PSYCHIATRIC-ASSESSMENT; DISORDERS; AUTISM; SAMPLE AB This study investigates the construct validity and reliability of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) in a psychiatric clinical sample of toddlers The sample consisted of a psychiatric clinical sample (N = 112) (male n = 79 female n = 33) of toddlers (12- to 42-months old) Both mothers and fathers completed the BITSEA and mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist 2/3 (CBCL) Children and their parents were administered a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation Parents were also given the Autistic Behavior Checklist (AuBC) and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC) The internal consistency of BITSEA scores was good to excellent for both parents The BITSEA/Problem (P) scores were significantly correlated with Internalizing Externalizing and Total Problem scores of the CBCL all subscores of ABC and total score of AuBC The BITSEA/Competence (C) scores were significantly inversely correlated with ABC total and AuBC lethargy scores With respect to a community sample BITSEA/P scores were significantly higher in the disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and anxiety/depression (Anx/Dep) groups and BITSEA/C scores were significantly lower in the autism group These results support the reliability and validity of the BITSEA as a screening tool that may be employed in primary health care services and in psychiatric clinical settings for assessing social-emotional/behavioral problems and delays in competence in infants and toddlers (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Karabekiroglu, Koray; Akbas, Seher] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Sch Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, Samsun, Turkey. 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Dev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.07.001 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 701WX UT WOS:000285857000014 PM 20800285 ER PT J AU Farkas, C Valdes, N AF Farkas, Chamarrita Valdes, Nelson TI Maternal stress and perceptions of self-efficacy in socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers An explicative model SO INFANT BEHAVIOR & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Early infancy; Contextual liabilities; Maternal self efficacy; Maternal stress ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; PARENTING STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; CHILDREN; TEMPERAMENT; COMPETENCE; ATTACHMENT; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM AB Studies have demonstrated that maternal stress and perceptions of self-efficacy influence a mother s performance affecting her ability to Interact with her child and to understand and answer his needs The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal stress and the perception of self-efficacy in the mothers of Infants who are cared for in child-care centers and belong to the poorest segment of the Chilean population To this end these aspects were studied in 121 low-income high-social-risk mothers with children between the ages of 4 and 9 months The final goal was to generate an explicative model of self-efficacy and maternal stress that considered characteristics of the family and the child The results revealed that family characteristics - especially household size per capita incomes and mother age - are more relevant for explaining maternal self-efficacy and stress The findings and implications for practice are discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Farkas, Chamarrita] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Psychol, Santiago, Chile. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.09.001 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 701WX UT WOS:000285857000029 PM 20947173 ER PT J AU Weiss, LA AF Weiss, L. A. TI The genetic architecture of autism What can common SNP association tell us about rare copy number variants? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; GWAS; CNV; Genetic C1 [Weiss, L. A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 647 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.023 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600021 ER PT J AU Almeida, J Mouga, S Cafe, C Duque, F Vicente, A Oliveira, G AF Almeida, J. Mouga, S. Cafe, C. Duque, F. Vicente, A. Oliveira, G. TI Broad autism phenotype (BAP)-personality styles and preferences in a sample of Portuguese families of children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism spectrum; Disorders; Broad autism phenotype C1 [Almeida, J.; Mouga, S.; Cafe, C.; Duque, F.; Oliveira, G.] Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. [Mouga, S.] Univ Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RI Duque, Frederico/H-3692-2014 OI Duque, Frederico/0000-0001-5684-1472 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 683 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.124 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600121 ER PT J AU Key, B AF Key, B. TI Using zebrafish to understand the neurodevelopment role of susceptibility genes for autism spectrum disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Zebrafish; Synapse; Behavior; Adhesion C1 [Key, B.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.134 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600131 ER PT J AU Vilardell, M Herwig, R AF Vilardell, M. Herwig, R. TI The role of transcription factors in autism disease, looking for binding sites enrichments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Bioinformatics analysis; Copy Number Variation; Transcription Factors; Binding Sites Enrichment NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 688 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.139 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600136 ER PT J AU Sgado, P Macchi, F Tripathi, PP Bozzi, Y AF Sgado, P. Macchi, F. Tripathi, P. P. Bozzi, Y. TI Dysfunction of GABAergic neurons in the Engrailed 2 mouse model of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Homeobox; Hippocampus; Cerebral cortex C1 [Sgado, P.; Bozzi, Y.] Univ Trent, CIBIO, I-38100 Trento, Italy. [Macchi, F.; Tripathi, P. P.; Bozzi, Y.] CNR Neurosci Inst, Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 689 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.141 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600138 ER PT J AU Sun, JX Zhang, Z Zhang, C Sakata, K Lu, B Sun, QQ AF Sun, J. X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Sakata, K. Lu, B. Sun, Q. Q. TI BDNF promoter-IV knock-in mice as a novel animal model for studying shared mechanisms of Rett and autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Rett; Autism; BDNF; GABA C1 [Sun, J. X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, C.; Sun, Q. Q.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sakata, K.; Lu, B.] NICHD, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Lu, Bai/A-4018-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 689 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.143 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600140 ER PT J AU Swinnen, N Rigato, C Brone, B Legendre, P Rigo, JM AF Swinnen, N. Rigato, C. Brone, B. Legendre, P. Rigo, J. M. TI Microglia in the embryonic neocortex - the effect of maternal inflammation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE microglia; maternal inflammation; autism C1 [Swinnen, N.; Brone, B.; Rigo, J. M.] Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, Belgium. [Rigato, C.; Legendre, P.] Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Rigo, Jean-Michel/E-3456-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 691 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.145 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600142 ER PT J AU Go, G Kim, K Seo, S Bak, B Shin, S Ko, K AF Go, G. Kim, K. Seo, S. Bak, B. Shin, S. Ko, K. TI The role of GSK3 beta in NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in the brain of rats prenatally exposured to valproic acid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; Valproic acid; GSK3 beta; Neural stem cell C1 [Go, G.; Kim, K.; Seo, S.; Bak, B.; Ko, K.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151, South Korea. [Shin, S.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 695 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.155 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600152 ER PT J AU Mouga, S Bernardino, I Almeida, J van Asselen, M Oliveira, G Castelo-Branco, M AF Mouga, S. Bernardino, I. Almeida, J. van Asselen, M. Oliveira, G. Castelo-Branco, M. TI Differential pattern of local-global visual integration in Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Williams syndrome; Autism spectrum disorders; Visual processing; Global-local task C1 [Mouga, S.; Bernardino, I.; van Asselen, M.; Castelo-Branco, M.] Univ Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Mouga, S.; Almeida, J.; Oliveira, G.] Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. RI Castelo-Branco, Miguel/E-5689-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 702 EP 702 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.176 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600173 ER PT J AU Almeida, J Mouga, S Cafe, C Miguel, TS Duque, F Oliveira, G AF Almeida, J. Mouga, S. Cafe, C. Miguel, T. S. Duque, F. Oliveira, G. TI Is there any early developmental factor that verbal acquisition will appear in children with autism? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism spectrum disorders; Early developmental abilities; Verbal development; Early developmental marker C1 [Mouga, S.] Univ Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RI Duque, Frederico/H-3692-2014 OI Duque, Frederico/0000-0001-5684-1472 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 704 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.180 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600177 ER PT J AU Voineagu, I Gao, F Horvath, S Geschwind, D AF Voineagu, I. Gao, F. Horvath, S. Geschwind, D. TI Identification of shared molecular pathways involved in autism by brain transcriptome profiling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; Transcriptome; Microarray gene networks C1 [Voineagu, I.; Gao, F.; Horvath, S.; Geschwind, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 706 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.187 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600184 ER PT J AU Konopka, G Wexler, E AF Konopka, G. Wexler, E. TI Modeling the functional genomics of autism using human neurons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci C1 [Konopka, G.; Wexler, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 707 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.188 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600185 ER PT J AU Webber, C Marshall, C Pinto, D Scherer, S Ponting, C AF Webber, C. Marshall, C. Pinto, D. Scherer, S. Ponting, C. TI 46% of individuals with ASD that harbour de novo CNVs have at least one de novo CNV that overlaps a gene associated with synaptic signalling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Synapse C1 [Webber, C.; Ponting, C.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Marshall, C.; Pinto, D.; Scherer, S.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 708 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.192 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600189 ER PT J AU Correia, C Sequeira, AF Almeida, J Gallagher, L Oliveira, G Vicente, AM AF Correia, C. Sequeira, A. F. Almeida, J. Gallagher, L. Oliveira, G. Vicente, A. M. TI Increased BDNF levels and association with the NTRK2 gene suggest a disruption of BDNF/TRKB signaling in autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; BDNF; NTRK2; genetic association C1 [Almeida, J.; Oliveira, G.] Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. [Gallagher, L.] St James Hosp Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 713 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.206 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600203 ER PT J AU Sequeira, A Gilling, M Magalhaes, T Correia, C Oliveira, G Vicente, A AF Sequeira, A. Gilling, M. Magalhaes, T. Correia, C. Oliveira, G. Vicente, A. TI FGF/FGFR signaling pathway in autism Identification of a novel mutation in FGF2 gene and association of FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 genetic variants in a Portuguese population sample SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE FGF; Macrocephaly; Autism; Neurodevelopmental disorder C1 [Gilling, M.] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Oliveira, G.] Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 714 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.208 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600205 ER PT J AU Stoner, RM Campbell, K Solso, S Courchesne, E AF Stoner, R. M. Campbell, K. Solso, S. Courchesne, E. TI Modeling early brain growth in autism using MRI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Developmental-Neuroscience CY JUN 06-09, 2010 CL Estoril, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Dev Neurosci DE Autism; Developmental trajectory; Overgrowth; Non linear regression C1 [Stoner, R. M.; Campbell, K.; Solso, S.; Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5748 J9 INT J DEV NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 717 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.216 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 689YS UT WOS:000284967600213 ER PT J AU James, WH AF James, William H. TI A potential cause of the reported increase in rates of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PARENTAL HORMONE-LEVELS; MAMMALIAN SEX-RATIOS; CONCEPTION; BIRTH; TIME C1 UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, London NW1 2HE, England. RP James, WH (reprint author), UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Genet Evolut & Environm, Wolfson House,4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, England. EM whjames@waitrose.com CR Baron-Cohen S, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P248, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 James WH, 2008, J BIOSOC SCI, V40, P855, DOI 10.1017/S0021932008002794 James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P1250, DOI 10.1093/humrep/deh245 James WH, 2008, J ENDOCRINOL, V198, P3, DOI 10.1677/JOE-07-0446 James WH, 2008, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V50, P15, DOI [10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02001.x, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.0200.x] James WH, 1996, J THEOR BIOL, V180, P271, DOI 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0102 MOURIDSEN SE, 2009, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL Roldan B, 2001, DIABETES CARE, V24, P1297, DOI 10.2337/diacare.24.7.1297 Rutter M, 2009, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V38, P1238, DOI 10.1093/ije/dyp257 Toc EC, 2004, J REPROD MED, V49, P746 WAJCHENBERG BL, 1989, FERTIL STERIL, V51, P535 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1676 EP 1677 DI 10.1093/ije/dyp357 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 689TQ UT WOS:000284952700037 PM 20022928 ER PT J AU Truckle, B AF Truckle, Brian TI Autism in Childhood and Autistic Features in Adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Truckle, Brian] Queens Fdn, BTPP, Birmingham B15 2QH, W Midlands, England. RP Truckle, B (reprint author), Queens Fdn, BTPP, Somerset Rd, Birmingham B15 2QH, W Midlands, England. EM btruckle@btpp.co.uk CR Barrows K, 2008, AUTISM CHILDHOOD AUT BION W, 1990, BRAZILIAN LECT, V2 Reid S., 1999, AUTISM PERSONALITY F, P93 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7578 J9 INT J PSYCHOANAL JI Int. J. Psychoanal. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00369.x PG 5 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 690LZ UT WOS:000285007600017 ER PT J AU Welch, KC Lahiri, U Warren, Z Sarkar, N AF Welch, Karla Conn Lahiri, Uttama Warren, Zachary Sarkar, Nilanjan TI An Approach to the Design of Socially Acceptable Robots for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Virtual robots; Identification of emotional expressions; Social interaction; Autism intervention AB Investigation into technology-assisted intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has gained momentum in recent years. Research suggests that robots could be a viable means to impart skills to this population since children with ASD tend to be fascinated by robots. However, if robots are to be used to impart social skills, a primary deficit for this population, considerable attention needs to be paid to aspects of social acceptability of such robots. Currently there are no design guidelines as to how to develop socially acceptable robots to be used for intervention for children with ASD. As a first step, this work investigates social design of virtual robots for children with ASD. In this paper we describe the design of a virtual environment system for social interaction (VESSI). The design is evaluated through an innovative experiment plan that combines subjective ratings from a clinical observer with physiological responses indicative of affective states from the participants, both collected when participants engage in social tasks with the social robots in a virtual reality environment. Two social parameters of importance for this population, namely eye gaze and social distance, are systematically varied to analyze the response of the participants. The results are presented to illustrate how experiments with virtual social robots can contribute towards the development of future social robots for children with ASD. C1 [Welch, Karla Conn] Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Lahiri, Uttama; Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Warren, Zachary] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Treatment & Res Inst Autism Spectrum Disorders TR, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. [Sarkar, Nilanjan] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Welch, KC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 448 Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM karla.welch@louisville.edu; uttama.lahiri@vanderbilt.edu; zachary.warren@vanderbilt.edu; nilanjan.sarkar@vanderbilt.edu FU Autism Speaks grant FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Autism Speaks grant for financial support of this work and Vanderbilt TRIAD for guidance during the development of the experiment protocol. The authors also thank Ann Conn and Kathy Welch for proofing this manuscript, Danny May for assistance in the recruitment of individuals for the voices of the virtual social robots, and the parents and participants who took part in this work. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT ARGYLE M, 1965, SOCIOMETRY, V28, P289, DOI 10.2307/2786027 Argyle Michael, 1976, GAZE AND MUTUAL GAZE Bancroft WJ, 1995, RES NONVERBAL COMMUN Bernard-Opitz V, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P377, DOI 10.1023/A:1010660502130 Blocher K., 2002, SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT BRADLEY MM, 1994, EMOTIONS: ESSAYS ON EMOTION THEORY, P97 CDC (Cent. Dis. 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J. Soc. Robot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 SI SI BP 391 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s12369-010-0063-x PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA V31OT UT WOS:000208893600005 ER PT J AU Giulivi, C Zhang, YF Omanska-Klusek, A Ross-Inta, C Wong, S Hertz-Picciotto, I Tassone, F Pessah, IN AF Giulivi, Cecilia Zhang, Yi-Fan Omanska-Klusek, Alicja Ross-Inta, Catherine Wong, Sarah Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Tassone, Flora Pessah, Isaac N. TI Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-CHAIN DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COPY NUMBER; DNA; CHILDREN; CELLS; DEFICIENCY; INVOLVEMENT; METABOLISM; LEUKOCYTES AB Context Impaired mitochondrial function may influence processes highly dependent on energy, such as neurodevelopment, and contribute to autism. No studies have evaluated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities in a well-defined population of children with autism. Objective To evaluate mitochondrial defects in children with autism. Design, Setting, and Patients Observational study using data collected from patients aged 2 to 5 years who were a subset of children participating in the Childhood Autism Risk From Genes and Environment study in California, which is a population-based, case-control investigation with confirmed autism cases and age-matched, genetically unrelated, typically developing controls, that was launched in 2003 and is still ongoing. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA abnormalities were evaluated in lymphocytes from 10 children with autism and 10 controls. Main Outcome Measures Oxidative phosphorylation capacity, mtDNA copy number and deletions, mitochondrial rate of hydrogen peroxide production, and plasma lactate and pyruvate. Results The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase activity (normalized to citrate synthase activity) in lymphocytic mitochondria from children with autism was significantly lower compared with controls (mean, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.8-6.0] vs 12 [95% CI, 8-16], respectively; P=.001). The majority of children with autism (6 of 10) had complex I activity below control range values. Higher plasma pyruvate levels were found in children with autism compared with controls (0.23 mM [95% CI, 0.15-0.31 mM] vs 0.08 mM [95% CI, 0.04-0.12 mM], respectively; P=.02). Eight of 10 cases had higher pyruvate levels but only 2 cases had higher lactate levels compared with controls. These results were consistent with the lower pyruvate dehydrogenase activity observed in children with autism compared with controls (1.0 [95% CI, 0.6-1.4] nmol x [min x mg protein](-1) vs 2.3 [95% CI, 1.7-2.9] nmol x [min x mg protein](-1), respectively; P=.01). Children with autism had higher mitochondrial rates of hydrogen peroxide production compared with controls (0.34 [95% CI, 0.26-0.42] nmol x [min x mg of protein](-1) vs 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12-0.20] nmol x [min x mg protein](-1) by complex III; P=.02). Mitochondrial DNA overreplication was found in 5 cases (mean ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA: 239 [95% CI, 217239] vs 179 [95% CI, 165-193] in controls; P=10(-4)). Deletions at the segment of cytochrome b were observed in 2 cases (ratio of cytochrome b to ND1: 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.92] vs 0.99 [95% CI, 0.93-1.05] for controls; P=.01). Conclusion In this exploratory study, children with autism were more likely to have mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA overreplication, and mtDNA deletions than typically developing children. JAMA. 2010;304(21):2389-2396 www.jama.com C1 [Giulivi, Cecilia; Zhang, Yi-Fan; Omanska-Klusek, Alicja; Ross-Inta, Catherine; Wong, Sarah; Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Tassone, Flora] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth & Dis Prevent, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Tassone, Flora; Pessah, Isaac N.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Giulivi, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, 1 Shields Ave,1120 Haring Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cgiulivi@ucdavis.edu FU University of California, Davis; MIND Institute [FT19900]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P01 ES11269, R01 ES015359]; Autism Speaks FX This study received funding from the 2008 Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute Pilot Research Grant, University of California, Davis, and support from Autism Speaks awarded to Dr Giulivi. Additional funding was provided by the MIND Institute Gift Funds FT19900 to Dr Tassone. Additional support was provided by grants P01 ES11269 and R01 ES015359 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Additional funding was received by Dr Pessah through an Environmental Innovator Award from Autism Speaks. 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TI The association between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and affective temperaments, as measured by TEMPS-A SO JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Affective temperament; Association study; Haplotype; Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR); Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); TEMPS-A ID SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE; NONCLINICAL POPULATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; S ALLELE; DEPRESSION; 5-HTTLPR; LINKAGE; TRAITS; GENOME; AUTISM AB Background: Oxytocin is associated with social interaction, trust, and affectivity. Affective temperaments are traits based on Kraepelin's typological definition of the "fundamental states" of manic-depressive illness. These states can be measured by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS-A). The objective of this study is to assess the association between oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and affective temperaments. Methods: Participants consisted of 493 genetically unrelated, non-clinical Japanese subjects (307 males and 186 females). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to screen and exclude those who had a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Fifteen OXTR tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TagMan (R) or direct sequencing. The Haploview 4.1. software determined the haplotype block structure. Haplotype-based quantitative trait association analysis with Bonferroni correction using PLINK 1.06 software was used to assess the association between haplotypes and the following affective temperaments: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and anxious. Results: Two haplotype blocks were identified on the OXTR. The depressive temperament was significantly associated with the most frequent haplotype GGGTGTC (rs11131149/rs2243370/rs2243369/rs13316193/rs2254298/rs2268493/rs2268491) (corrected P < 0.05). Limitations: This study consisted of participants from a corporation and the effect sizes were small. Conclusions: The findings suggest that an OXTR haplotype is associated with a discrete depressive temperament. Clarification of the biological basis of this temperamental trait may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kawamura, Yoshiya; Shimada, Takafumi; Otowa, Takeshi; Kakiuchi, Chihiro] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Liu, Xiaoxi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Akiyama, Tsuyoshi] Kanto Med Ctr NTT EC, Dept Psychiat, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1418625, Japan. [Sakai, Yoshie] Juntendo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Tokyo 3430032, Japan. [Umekage, Tadashi] Univ Tokyo, Div Environm Hlth & Safety, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Sasaki, Tsukasa] Univ Tokyo, Off Mental Hlth Support, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Akiskal, Hagop S.] Univ Calif San Diego, VA Psychiat Serv 116A, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. RP Kawamura, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. EM yoshiya-tky@umin.ac.jp; liuxiaoxi@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp; akiyama@east.ntt.co.jp; shimada-t@umin.net; totowa-psy@umin.ac.jp; y-sakai@sb3.so-net.ne.jp; kakiuchi-tky@umin.ac.jp; umkg-tky@umin.ac.jp; psytokyo@yahoo.co.jp; hakiskal@ucsd.edu FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [17019029, 21300242] FX This study was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (no. 17019029; no. 21300242) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (to T. S.). The Ministry had no further role in the study's design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1247 EP 1248 DI 10.1089/acm.2010.0615 PG 2 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 690ZT UT WOS:000285050200004 PM 21114403 ER PT J AU Athens, ES Vollmer, TR AF Athens, Elizabeth S. Vollmer, Timothy R. TI AN INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIOR WITHOUT EXTINCTION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism; concurrent schedules; differential reinforcement; extinction; problem behavior ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT; MATCHING THEORY; SELF-INJURY; PUNISHMENT; MAGNITUDE; QUALITY; DISABILITIES; IMPULSIVITY; DISORDERS AB We manipulated relative reinforcement for problem behavior and appropriate behavior using differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) without an extinction component Seven children with developmental disabilities participated We manipulated duration (Experiment 1) quality (Experiment 2) delay (Experiment 3) or a combination of each (Experiment 4) such that reinforcement favored appropriate behavior rather than problem behavior even though problem behavior still produced reinforcement Results of Experiments 1 to 3 showed that behavior was often sensitive to manipulations of duration quality and delay in isolation but the largest and most consistent behavior change was observed when several dimensions of reinforcement were combined to favor appropriate behavior (Experiment 4) Results suggest strategies for reducing problem behavior and increasing appropriate behavior without extinction C1 [Vollmer, Timothy R.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 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PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 569 EP 589 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-569 PG 21 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400001 PM 21541145 ER PT J AU Axe, JB Sainato, DM AF Axe, Judah B. Sainato, Diane M. TI MATRIX TRAINING OF PRELITERACY SKILLS WITH PRESCHOOLERS WITH AUTISM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE letter identification; matrix training number identification; picture identification; recombinative generalization ID WITHIN-SYLLABLE UNITS; RECOMBINATIVE GENERALIZATION; STIMULUS OVERSELECTIVITY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ACTIVITY SCHEDULES; SPECTRUM DISORDER; CHILDREN; LITERACY; REPERTOIRES; ACQUISITION AB Matrix training is a generative approach to instruction in which words are arranged in a matrix so that some multiword phrases are taught and others emerge without direct teaching We taught 4 preschoolers with autism to follow instructions to perform action-picture combinations (e g circle the pepper underline the deer) Each matrix contained 6 actions on 1 axis and 6 pictures on the other axis We used most-to least prompting to train the instructions along the diagonal of each matrix and probed the untrained combinations For 2 participants untrained responding emerged after the minimum amount of training The other 2 participants required further training before untrained combinations emerged At the end of the study 3 of the 4 participants performed the trained actions with previously known pictures letters, and numbers This study demonstrated that matrix training is an efficient approach to teaching language and literacy skills to children with autism C1 [Axe, Judah B.; Sainato, Diane M.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. 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F., 1957, VERBAL BEHAV STOKES TF, 1977, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V10, P349, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-349 STRIEFEL S, 1978, QUALITY LIFT SERVERL, P267 SUMMERS JA, 1993, J BEHAV ED, V3, P287, DOI 10.1007/BF00961556 Sundberg M. L., 1998, TEACHING LANGUAGE CH Teale W. H., 1986, EMERGENT LIT WRITING, pvii TOUCHETTE PE, 1984, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V17, P175, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-175 Walpole Carrie Wallace, 2007, J Appl Behav Anal, V40, P707 WOLFE VF, 1978, AM J MENT DEFIC, V3, P297 Yell M. Y., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P130, DOI 10.1177/10883576050200030101 NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 635 EP 652 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-635 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400008 PM 21541149 ER PT J AU Carbone, VJ Sweeney-Kerwin, EJ Attanasio, V Kasper, T AF Carbone, Vincent J. Sweeney-Kerwin, Emily J. Attanasio, Vivian Kasper, Tamara TI INCREASING THE VOCAL RESPONSES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES USING MANUAL SIGN MAND TRAINING AND PROMPT DELAY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; mand; manual sign language; prompt delay; vocal responding AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of manual sign mand training combined with prompt delay and vocal prompting on the production of vocal responses in nonvocal children with developmental disabilities A multiple baseline design across participants verified the effectiveness of this intervention All participants showed increases in vocal responses following the implementation of the independent variables C1 [Carbone, Vincent J.; Sweeney-Kerwin, Emily J.] Carbone Clin, Valley Cottage, NY 10989 USA. RP Carbone, VJ (reprint author), Carbone Clin, 614 Corp Way, Valley Cottage, NY 10989 USA. CR BAER DM, 1968, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V1, P91, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 Gregory MK, 2009, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V42, P399, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-399 Schlosser R., 2008, EFFECTIVE PRACTICES, P325 TINCANI M, 2006, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V41, P3 Tincani M., 2004, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V19, P152, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576040190030301 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-705 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400012 PM 21541153 ER PT J AU Ulke-Kurkcuoglu, B Kircaali-Iftar, G AF Ulke-Kurkcuoglu, Burcu Kircaali-Iftar, Gonul TI A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF PROVIDING ACTIVITY AND MATERIAL CHOICE TO CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; choice opportunities; on-task behavior ID MAKING OPPORTUNITIES; BEHAVIOR AB The present study compares the effects of providing choice between activities or between materials for completion of activities on the on-task behavior of 4 boys with autism spectrum disorders Results showed that the participants displayed higher levels of on-task behavior during the choice conditions than in the no-choice condition However the type of choice opportunity did not seem to have a differential effect C1 [Ulke-Kurkcuoglu, Burcu] Anadolu Univ, Engelliler Arastirma Enstitusu, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Ulke-Kurkcuoglu, B (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Engelliler Arastirma Enstitusu, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. CR Carter C. M., 2001, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, P131, DOI 10.1177/109830070100300302 Cole CL, 2002, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V4, P29, DOI 10.1177/109830070200400106 DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Dibley S., 1999, J BEHAV ED, V9, P117, DOI 10.1023/A:1022888917128 DYER K, 1990, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V23, P515, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1990.23-515 KOEGEL RL, 1987, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V20, P243, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-243 Moes DR, 1998, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V23, P319, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.23.4.319 Newman B, 2002, BEHAV INTERVENT, V17, P31, DOI 10.1002/bin.99 Tasky KK, 2008, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V41, P261, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-261 Watanabe M, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P535, DOI 10.1023/A:1025835729718 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-717 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400014 PM 21541155 ER PT J AU Casella, SE Wilder, DA Neidert, P Rey, C Compton, M Chong, I AF Casella, Sarah E. Wilder, David A. Neidert, Pamela Rey, Catalina Compton, Megan Chong, Ivy TI THE EFFECTS OF RESPONSE EFFORT ON SAFE PERFORMANCE BY THERAPISTS AT AN AUTISM TREATMENT FACILITY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE autism; human service settings; response effort requirement; safe performance ID FEEDBACK; NURSES AB The effects of response effort on safe behaviors (i e glove wearing hand sanitizing and electrical outlet replacement) exhibited by therapists at an autism treatment center were examined Participants were exposed to 2 or 3 levels of effort (i e high, medium low) for each dependent variable Results showed increased safe performance during the low-effort conditions relative to other conditions across all dependent variables for all participants C1 [Wilder, David A.] Florida Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Wilder, DA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. CR ALAVOSIUS MP, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P261, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-261 BABCOCK RA, 1992, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V25, P621, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1992.25-621 *CDCP, 2002, UNIV PREC PREV TRANS *CONS PROD SAF COM, 2008, EL REC OUTL DEVRIES JE, 1991, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V24, P705, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-705 Friman PC, 1995, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V28, P583, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1995.28-583 GARNER J, 1996, GUIDELINES ISOLATION *NAT SAF COUNC, 2007, REP INJ AM 2007 Nielsen D, 2009, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V42, P551, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-551 PITTET D, 2001, CDC EM INF DIS NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 PU JOURNAL APPL BEHAV ANAL PI LAWRENCE PA DEPT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA SN 0021-8855 J9 J APPL BEHAV ANAL JI J. Appl. Behav. Anal. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-729 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400016 PM 21541157 ER PT J AU Sharp, WG Harker, S Jaquess, DL AF Sharp, William G. Harker, Shelly Jaquess, David L. TI COMPARISON OF BITE-PRESENTATION METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF FOOD REFUSAL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE alternating treatment comparisons; antecedent manipulation; bite presentation expulsions; escape extinction; pediatric feeding disorders ID CHILDREN; AUTISM AB The current study examined the rate of expulsions and mouth cleans across 3 presentation methods (upright spoon, flipped spoon Nuk brush) for a 3-year-old girl with a feeding disorder The participant expelled all bites presented on an upright spoon Results showed reduced rates of expulsions and increased mouth cleans during the flipped spoon and Nuk brush presentation methods C1 [Sharp, William G.] Marcus Autism Ctr, Pediat Psychol & Feeding Disorders Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Sharp, William G.; Jaquess, David L.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sharp, WG (reprint author), Marcus Autism Ctr, Pediat Psychol & Feeding Disorders Program, 1920 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. 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PD WIN PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 739 EP 743 DI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-739 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 696JJ UT WOS:000285437400018 PM 21541159 ER PT J AU Grow, LL Kodak, T AF Grow, Laura L. Kodak, Tiffany TI RECENT RESEARCH ON EMERGENT VERBAL BEHAVIOR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE emergent; relations; functional independence; language training; verbal behavior ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; TACTS; MANDS AB This paper describes recent studies that have evaluated the functional independence of verbal operants Procedures that facilitate the emergence of untrained verbal operants and important areas of future research to increase efficiency of language programs for children diagnosed with developmental disabilities are discussed C1 [Grow, Laura L.; Kodak, Tiffany] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Munroe Meyer Inst, Omaha, NE USA. RP Grow, LL (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. 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TI Maternal Infection Requiring Hospitalization During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Autism; Infection; Influenza; Prenatal infection; Maternal infection ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; BIRTH; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEASON; ASSOCIATION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; ACTIVATION; INFLUENZA; ETIOLOGY AB Exposure to prenatal infection has been suggested to cause deficiencies in fetal neurodevelopment. In this study we included all children born in Denmark from 1980, through 2005. Diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and maternal infection were obtained through nationwide registers. Data was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. No association was found between any maternal infection and diagnosis of ASDs in the child when looking at the total period of pregnancy: adjusted hazard ratio = 1.14 (CI: 0.96-1.34). However, admission to hospital due to maternal viral infection in the first trimester and maternal bacterial infection in the second trimester were found to be associated with diagnosis of ASDs in the offspring, adjusted hazard ratio = 2.98 (CI: 1.29-7.15) and adjusted hazard ratio = 1.42 (CI: 1.08-1.87), respectively. Our results support prior hypotheses concerning early prenatal viral infection increasing the risk of ASDs. C1 [Atladottir, Hjordis O.; Lemcke, Sanne; Abdallah, Morsi] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Ostergaard, Lars] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Res Unit Q, Skejby, Denmark. [Schendel, Diana E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Parner, Erik T.] Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Atladottir, HO (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Bartholins Alle 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1423 EP 1430 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1006-y PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200001 PM 20414802 ER PT J AU Taylor, JL Seltzer, MM AF Taylor, Julie Lounds Seltzer, Marsha Mailick TI Changes in the Autism Behavioral Phenotype During the Transition to Adulthood SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Transition to adulthood; Maladaptive behaviors; Autism symptoms ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; DOWNS-SYNDROME; FAMILY STRESS; MENTAL-HEALTH; YOUNG-PEOPLE AB We examined whether exiting high school was associated with alterations in rates of change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors. Participants were 242 youth with ASD who had recently exited the school system and were part of our larger longitudinal study; data were collected at five time points over nearly 10 years. Results indicated overall improvement of autism symptoms and internalized behaviors over the study period, but slowing rates of improvement after exit. Youth who did not have an intellectual disability evidenced the greatest slowing in improvement. Lower family income was associated with less improvement. Our findings suggest that adult day activities may not be as intellectually stimulating as educational activities in school, reflected by less phenotypic improvement after exit. C1 [Taylor, Julie Lounds] Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Taylor, Julie Lounds] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Taylor, Julie Lounds] Monroe Carrell Jr Childrens Hosp Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1431 EP 1446 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1005-z PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200002 PM 20361245 ER PT J AU Oosterling, I Visser, J Swinkels, S Rommelse, N Donders, R Woudenberg, T Roos, S van der Gaag, RJ Buitelaar, J AF Oosterling, Iris Visser, Janne Swinkels, Sophie Rommelse, Nanda Donders, Rogier Woudenberg, Tim Roos, Sascha van der Gaag, Rutger Jan Buitelaar, Jan TI Randomized Controlled Trial of the Focus Parent Training for Toddlers with Autism: 1-Year Outcome SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Parent training; Toddler; Early intervention; Randomized controlled trial ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HIGH-RISK; INTERVENTION; COMMUNICATION; CHALLENGES; IMITATION; PRESCHOOL; VALIDITY AB This randomized controlled trial compared results obtained after 12 months of nonintensive parent training plus care-as-usual and care-as-usual alone. The training focused on stimulating joint attention and language skills and was based on the intervention described by Drew et al. (Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr 11:266-272, 2002). Seventy-five toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (65 autism, 10 PDD-NOS, mean age = 34.4 months, SD = 6.2) were enrolled. Analyses were conducted on a final sample of 67 children (lost to follow-up = 8). No significant intervention effects were found for any of the primary (language), secondary (global clinical improvement), or mediating (child engagement, early precursors of social communication, or parental skills) outcome variables, suggesting that the 'Focus parent training' was not of additional value to the more general care-as-usual. C1 [Oosterling, Iris; Visser, Janne; Swinkels, Sophie; Rommelse, Nanda; Woudenberg, Tim; Roos, Sascha; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan; Buitelaar, Jan] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Swinkels, Sophie; Rommelse, Nanda; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Swinkels, Sophie; Rommelse, Nanda; van der Gaag, Rutger Jan; Buitelaar, Jan] NCEBP, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Donders, Rogier] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & HTA, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [van der Gaag, Rutger Jan; Buitelaar, Jan] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Oosterling, I (reprint author), Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Reinier Postlaan 12, NL-6525 GC Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1447 EP 1458 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1004-0 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200003 PM 20440639 ER PT J AU Ruble, LA McGrew, J Dalrymple, N Jung, LA AF Ruble, Lisa A. McGrew, John Dalrymple, Nancy Jung, Lee Ann TI Examining the Quality of IEPs for Young Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Individual education programs; National research council; IDEA; IEP quality; IEP objectives; Educating children with autism ID INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION-PROGRAMS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; STUDENTS AB The purpose of this study was to develop an Individual Education Program (IEP) evaluation tool based on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requirements and National Research Council recommendations for children with autism; determine the tool's reliability; test the tool on a pilot sample of IEPs of young children; and examine associations between IEP quality and school, teacher, and child characteristics. IEPs for 35 students with autism (Mage = 6.1 years; SD = 1.6) from 35 different classrooms were examined. The IEP tool had adequate interrater reliability (ICC = .70). 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Y., 2005, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V20, P130, DOI 10.1177/10883576050200030101 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1459 EP 1470 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1003-1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200004 PM 20373007 ER PT J AU Brambring, M Asbrock, D AF Brambring, Michael Asbrock, Doreen TI Validity of False Belief Tasks in Blind Children SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Alternative false-belief tasks; Blind children; Perspective taking; Autism ID DIVERGENT DEVELOPMENT; VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS; MIND; SKILLS AB Previous studies have reported that congenitally blind children without any additional impairment reveal a developmental delay of at least 4 years in perspective taking based on testing first-order false-belief tasks. These authors interpret this delay as a sign of autism-like behavior. However, the delay may be caused by testing blind children with false-belief tasks that require visual experience. Therefore, the present study gave alternative false-belief tasks based on tactile or auditory experience to 45 congenitally blind 4-10-year-olds and 37 sighted 3-6-year-olds. Results showed criterion performance at 80 months (6; 8 years) in blind children compared with 61 months (5; 1 years) in sighted controls. It is concluded that this 19-month (1; 7 year) difference, which is comparable with delays in other developmental areas, is a developmental delay caused by the fact of congenital blindness rather than a sign of a psychopathological disorder of autism-like behavior. C1 [Brambring, Michael; Asbrock, Doreen] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Psychol, Bielefeld, Germany. RP Brambring, M (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Psychol, Bielefeld, Germany. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1471 EP 1484 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1002-2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200005 PM 20379770 ER PT J AU Pisula, E Kossakowska, Z AF Pisula, Ewa Kossakowska, Zuzanna TI Sense of Coherence and Coping with Stress Among Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Coping; Parents; Sense of coherence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWNS-SYNDROME; MENTAL-HEALTH; COGNITIVE PHENOTYPE; ANTONOVSKYS SENSE; PARENTING STRESS; MATERNAL STRESS; DISABILITIES AB The purpose of the study was to compare the level of sense of coherence (SOC) in parents of children with autism and in parents of typically developing children, and to examine the association between SOC level and coping strategies. Two questionnaires were used: Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29) and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. 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P651, DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01736.x NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1494 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1001-3 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200006 PM 20361246 ER PT J AU Green, SA Ben-Sasson, A AF Green, Shulamite A. Ben-Sasson, Ayelet TI Anxiety Disorders and Sensory Over-Responsivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is There a Causal Relationship? SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Anxiety; Sensory over-responsivity; Hyperarousal; Sensory defensiveness ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; AMYGDALA VOLUME; SYMPTOMS; ASSOCIATION; INTEGRATION AB Anxiety disorders and sensory over-responsivity (SOR) are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and there is evidence for an association between these two conditions. Currently, it is unclear what causal mechanisms may exist between SOR and anxiety. We propose three possible theories to explain the association between anxiety and SOR: (a) SOR is caused by anxiety; (b) Anxiety is caused by SOR; or (c) SOR and anxiety are causally unrelated but are associated through a common risk factor or diagnostic overlap. In this paper, we examine support for each theory in the existing anxiety, autism, and neuroscience literature, and discuss how each theory informs choice of interventions and implications for future studies. C1 [Green, Shulamite A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ben-Sasson, Ayelet] Univ Haifa, Fac Social Welf & Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. RP Green, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1495 EP 1504 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1007-x PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200007 PM 20383658 ER PT J AU Ryan, C Ni Charragain, C AF Ryan, Christian Ni Charragain, Caitriona TI Teaching Emotion Recognition Skills to Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Emotion recognition; Facial expressions ID ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FACE RECOGNITION; NORMAL ADULTS; PERCEPTION; EXPRESSIONS; INDIVIDUALS; ABILITY AB Autism is associated with difficulty interacting with others and an impaired ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion. Previous teaching programmes have not addressed weak central coherence. Emotion recognition training focused on components of facial expressions. The training was administered in small groups ranging from 4 to 7 children. Improvements were significantly better for the training group (n = 20, mean age 9 years, 3 months) than a waiting list control group (n = 10, mean age 10 years, 7 months). Pre and post measures revealed an effect size of the training of Cohen's d = 1.42. The impact of the training was highly significant. There was evidence of some generalisation of the emotion recognition and improvements at follow-up. C1 [Ryan, Christian; Ni Charragain, Caitriona] COPE Fdn, N Lee Autism Spectrum Disorder Serv, Cork, Ireland. RP Ryan, C (reprint author), COPE Fdn, N Lee Autism Spectrum Disorder Serv, Cork, Ireland. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1505 EP 1511 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1009-8 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200008 PM 20386975 ER PT J AU Mazurek, MO Kanne, SM AF Mazurek, Micah O. Kanne, Stephen M. TI Friendship and Internalizing Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents with ASD SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorder; Friendship; Anxiety; Depression ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PEER VICTIMIZATION; ANXIETY; SELF; PERCEPTIONS; ASSOCIATION; ADJUSTMENT AB Anxiety and depression are common among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), highlighting a need to identify factors that protect against these symptoms. Among typically developing children, friendships are protective, and lead to better emotional outcomes. The current study examined a large, well-characterized sample of children and adolescents with ASD to examine the relations among friendship, ASD symptom severity, and anxiety/depression. Rates of anxiety/depression were high in this sample. Greater ASD severity was associated with fewer symptoms of anxiety/depression, lower IQ, and poorer number and/or quality of reciprocal friendships. Surprisingly, children with no or very poor dyadic relationships experienced less anxiety than those with existing, but limited, friendships. Implications and directions for future research are discussed. C1 [Mazurek, Micah O.; Kanne, Stephen M.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Hlth Psychol, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorder, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Mazurek, MO (reprint author), Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Hlth Psychol, Thompson Ctr Autism & Neurodev Disorder, 300 Portland St,Suite 110, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. 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Vaillancourt, Tracy Georgiades, Stelios Duku, Eric Szatmari, Peter Bryson, Susan Fombonne, Eric Roberts, Wendy Volden, Joanne Waddell, Charlotte Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie CA Pathways ASD Study Team TI Validating the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Repetitive behavior; Autism spectrum disorder; Factor analysis; Internal validity; External validity; Preschool ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTERESTS DOMAIN; COMMUNICATION; ASSOCIATION; FAMILIES; LIFE AB This study examined the factor structure of the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) in a sample of 287 preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine six competing structural models. Spearman's rank order correlations were calculated to examine the associations between factor scores and variables of interest. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1521 EP 1530 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1012-0 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200010 PM 20405194 ER PT J AU Bertone, A Hanck, J Kogan, C Chaudhuri, A Cornish, K AF Bertone, Armando Hanck, Julie Kogan, Cary Chaudhuri, Avi Cornish, Kim TI Using Perceptual Signatures to Define and Dissociate Condition-Specific Neural Etiology: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome as Model Conditions SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Fragile X syndrome; Vision; Perception; Perceptual signatures; Neural networks ID MOTION PROCESSING DEFICITS; DORSAL STREAM FUNCTION; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; 2ND-ORDER MOTION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; DENDRITIC SPINE; CONTRAST DETECTION; KNOCKOUT MICE AB The functional link between genetic alteration and behavioral end-state is rarely straightforward and never linear. Cases where neurodevlopmental conditions defined by a distinct genetic etiology share behavioral phenotypes are exemplary, as is the case for autism and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). In this paper and its companion paper, we propose a method for assessing the functional link between genotype and neural alteration across these target conditions by comparing their perceptual signatures. In the present paper, we discuss how such signatures can be used to (1) define and differentiate various aspects of neural functioning in autism and FXS, and subsequently, (2) to infer candidate causal (genetic) mechanisms based on such signatures (see companion paper, this issue). C1 [Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev Condit, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. [Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. [Hanck, Julie; Cornish, Kim] McGill Univ, McGill Child Lab Res & Educ Dev Disorders, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kogan, Cary] Univ Ottawa, Sch Psychol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Chaudhuri, Avi] McGill Univ, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cornish, Kim] Monash Univ, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Ctr Dev Psychiat & Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Bertone, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev Condit, 7070 Boul Perras, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. 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These perceptually-driven hypotheses are based on differential performance evidenced only at the earliest stages of visual information processing, mediated by local neural network functioning. In this paper, we first review how most large-scale neural models are unable to address atypical low-level perceptual functioning in autism, and then suggest how condition-specific, local neural endophenotypes (described in our companion paper) can be incorporated into causal models to infer target candidate gene or gene clusters that are implicated in autism's pathogenesis. The usefulness of such a translational research approach is discussed. C1 [Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Ctr Excellence Pervas Dev Disorders CETEDUM, Perceptual Neurosci Lab Autism & Dev Condit, Hop Riviere des Prairies, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. [Bertone, Armando] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H1E 1A4, Canada. 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EM thomp199@umn.edu CR LEWIS J, 1993, IS THERE DESK MY NAM, P10 REYNOLDS CR, 2008, CONCISE ENCY SPECIAL, P449 STIGLER G, 1995, AM ENTERPRISE ON JUL, P84 Thompson T., 2007, MAKING SENSE AUTISM THOMPSON T, 2008, THOMPSONS STRAIGHT T Volkmar FR, 2004, HEALTHCARE CHILDREN VOLKMAR FR, 2009, A PRACTICAL GUIDE AU NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1552 EP 1553 DI 10.1007/s10803-010-1100-1 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 679JR UT WOS:000284158200014 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, PJ Troost, PW Lahuis, BE Mulder, H Mulder, EJ Franke, B Buitelaar, JK Anderson, GM Scahill, L Minderaa, RB AF Hoekstra, Pieter J. Troost, Pieter W. Lahuis, Bertine E. Mulder, Hans Mulder, Erik J. Franke, Barbara Buitelaar, Jan K. Anderson, George M. Scahill, Lawrence Minderaa, Ruud B. TI Risperidone-Induced Weight Gain in Referred Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Is Associated with a Common Polymorphism in the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Gene SO JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BODY-WEIGHT; LONG-TERM; THE-759C/T POLYMORPHISM; C/T POLYMORPHISM; 5-HT2C; ADOLESCENTS; CLOZAPINE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; OLANZAPINE AB Weight gain is an important adverse effect of risperidone, but predictors of significant weight gain have yet to be identified in pediatric patients. Here, we investigated differences between age-and gender-normed body mass index-standardized z scores at baseline and after 8 weeks of open-label, flexible-dose risperidone treatment (mean dose: 1.70 mg/day) in 32 youths with pervasive developmental disorder (mean age 8.74, range 5-16 years) in relation to 759C/T 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (HTR2C) promoter and rs1414334 HTR2C intragenic C/G alleles, along with gender, age, and risperidone dose, using repeated measures analyses of variance. Carriers of the HTR2C promoter T allele gained an average of 0.043 +/- 0.017 body mass index-standardized z scores (1.84 +/- 1.51 kg) versus 0.64 +/- 0.35 z (3.23 +/- 1.47 kg) for non-T-allele carriers (p<0.001). Presence of the rs1414334C allele played no significant role. Further, weight gain appeared to be associated with younger age and higher doses of risperidone. The current preliminary findings suggest that the variant T allele of the -759C/T HTR2C promoter polymorphism is protective against risperidone-induced weight gain. Younger children and those treated with higher doses of risperidone may be at higher risk for weight gain. C1 [Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Troost, Pieter W.; Mulder, Erik J.; Minderaa, Ruud B.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. [Lahuis, Bertine E.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Lahuis, Bertine E.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Inst Neurosci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Mulder, Hans] Wilhelmina Hosp Assen, Dept Clin Pharm, Assen, Netherlands. [Mulder, Hans] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmacoepidemiol & Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Franke, Barbara; Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Anderson, George M.; Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Hoekstra, PJ (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, POB 660, NL-9700 AR Groningen, Netherlands. EM p.hoekstra@accare.nl RI Franke, Barbara/D-4836-2009; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Hoekstra, Pieter/O-4396-2014 OI Franke, Barbara/0000-0003-4375-6572; Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; FU Korczak Foundation; RUPP Autism Network (U.S. National Institute of Health) [N01MH70009]; Janssen Cilag BV; Janssen Cilag; Abbott; VCB; Shire; Medice; Eli Lilly FX Research support came from the Korczak Foundation and the RUPP Autism Network (U.S. National Institute of Health Grant N01MH70009 to Dr. L. Scahill). The study was partially supported and study medications were donated by Janssen Cilag BV.Dr. P.J. Hoekstra has been a paid consultant to Desitin and Eli Lilly; Dr. J.K. Buitelaar is a paid consultant to or has received support from Janssen Cilag, Abbott, VCB, Shire, Medice, and Eli Lilly; Dr. R.B. Minderaa is a paid consultant to Eli Lilly and Janssen Cilag; Dr. L. Scahill is a paid consultant to Janssen Pharmaceutica, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Pfizer; Dr. P.W. Troost has received support from Eli Lilly. The other authors have no financial relationships to disclose. However, data have been analyzed and the article was written by the primary author. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1089/cap.2009.0071 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 699CE UT WOS:000285640700002 PM 21186965 ER PT J AU Acosta, MT Munasinghe, J Pearl, PL Gupta, M Finegersh, A Gibson, KM Theodore, WH AF Acosta, Maria T. Munasinghe, Jeeva Pearl, Phillip L. Gupta, Maneesh Finegersh, Andrey Gibson, K. Michael Theodore, William H. TI Cerebellar Atrophy in Human and Murine Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency; cerebellar atrophy ID 4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACIDURIA; COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS; BRAIN; MICE; MRI; SPECTROSCOPY; NUMBERS; AUTISM AB Human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) catabolism, was modeled by a murine model sharing the phenotype of ataxia and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetry was obtained on 7 patients versus controls, and MRI with stereology was derived in 3 murine genotypes: null, wild-type, and heterozygous mutants. All patients had T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity in globus pallidus, and 5 also had similar changes in subthalamic and cerebellar dentate nuclei. There was a trend for patients to have a smaller cerebellar vermis. Homozygous null mice had significantly lower total brain and cerebellar volumes than wild-types and heterozygotes. Stereology confirmed cerebellar atrophy and was otherwise normal in multiple regions. Cerebellar volume loss is present in the murine disorder with a trend for cerebellar atrophy in patients. Reduced cerebellar volume can reflect neurodegeneration and may be related to the clinical manifestations. C1 [Acosta, Maria T.; Pearl, Phillip L.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Acosta, Maria T.; Pearl, Phillip L.; Finegersh, Andrey; Theodore, William H.] NINDS, Clin Epilepsy Sect, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Munasinghe, Jeeva] NINDS, Mouse Imaging Facil, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gupta, Maneesh] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Gibson, K. Michael] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Pearl, PL (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM ppearl@cnmc.org FU NINDS Division of Intramural Research; NIH [NS 40270, HD 58553]; Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disease Association FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: The study was supported by the NINDS Division of Intramural Research; NIH NS 40270 (Dr Gibson) and HD 58553 (Dr Gibson, Dr Pearl); and the Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disease Association (Dr Pearl). 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Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1457 EP 1461 DI 10.1177/0883073810368137 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 692IS UT WOS:000285147100001 PM 20445195 ER PT J AU Jou, RJ Minshew, NJ Keshavan, MS Hardan, AY AF Jou, Roger J. Minshew, Nancy J. Keshavan, Matcheri S. Hardan, Antonio Y. TI Cortical Gyrification in Autistic and Asperger Disorders: A Preliminary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortical folding; pervasive developmental disorders; gyrification index; Asperger; autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ABNORMALITIES; INDIVIDUALS; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; MRI AB The validity of Asperger disorder as a distinct syndrome from autism is unclear partly because of the paucity of differentiating neurobiological evidence. Frontal lobe cortical folding between these disorders was compared using the gyrification index. Twenty-three boys underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: 6 with high-functioning autism, 9 with Asperger disorder, and 8 controls. Using the first coronal slice anterior to the corpus callosum, total and outer cortical contours were traced to calculate the gyrification index. This index was also calculated for superior and inferior regions to examine dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed differences in the left inferior gyrification index, which was higher in the autism group compared with Asperger and control groups. There were no differences in age, intelligence quotient, and brain volume. These preliminary findings suggest that cortical folding may be abnormally high in the frontal lobe in autism but not Asperger disorder, suggesting distinct frontal lobe neuropathology. C1 [Jou, Roger J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Jou, Roger J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Investigat Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Beth Israel & Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Keshavan, Matcheri S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Mental Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hardan, Antonio Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Jou, RJ (reprint author), Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. EM roger.jou@yale.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [MH 64027]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS 33355]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD 35469] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health grant MH 64027 to Dr Hardan and by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant NS 33355 and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant HD 35469 to Dr Minshew. This study was also supported by a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Program of Excellence in Autism. 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Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1462 EP 1467 DI 10.1177/0883073810368311 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 692IS UT WOS:000285147100002 PM 20413799 ER PT J AU Schaefer, GB Starr, L Pickering, D Skar, G DeHaai, K Sanger, WG AF Schaefer, G. Bradley Starr, Lois Pickering, Dianne Skar, Gwenn DeHaai, Kristi Sanger, Warren G. TI Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Findings in a Cohort Referred for an Autism Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromosomal microarray; fluorescent in situ hybridization; pervasive developmental disorders; chromosome 16p; copy number change ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GENETICS EVALUATION; NEUROLIGIN GENES; DUPLICATION; CHILDREN; 15Q11-13; NLGN3; MICRODELETION; RETARDATION AB The development and refinement of array comparative genomic hybridization has led to expanded applications as a diagnostic tool. Recent reports suggest a high diagnostic yield for array comparative genomic hybridization in autism spectrum disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield in array comparative genomic hybridization for autism at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The authors report the diagnostic yield of array comparative genomic hybridization in 89 samples with a primary indication of autism. Clinical information was reviewed for 89 identified cases. Twenty-one cases were excluded because of ambiguous information regarding the diagnosis, a diagnosis other than autism, or abnormal karyotype. Of 68 cases referred for array comparative genomic hybridization testing with a primary indication of autism, 14 (21%) had abnormal findings. This study supports array comparative genomic hybridization in the etiologic evaluation of autism and elevation of array to a first tier diagnostic test. C1 [Schaefer, G. Bradley] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Schaefer, G. Bradley] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Starr, Lois; Pickering, Dianne; Skar, Gwenn; DeHaai, Kristi; Sanger, Warren G.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Starr, Lois; Pickering, Dianne; Skar, Gwenn; DeHaai, Kristi; Sanger, Warren G.] Munroe Meyer Inst Genet & Rehabil, Omaha, NE USA. RP Schaefer, GB (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Hosp, 1 ChildrensWay,Slot 512-22, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. 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Child Neurol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1498 EP 1503 DI 10.1177/0883073810370479 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 692IS UT WOS:000285147100008 PM 20729506 ER PT J AU Wallace, KS Rogers, SJ AF Wallace, Katherine S. Rogers, Sally J. TI Intervening in infancy: implications for autism spectrum disorders SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Early intervention; autism; ASD; parent coaching; infant; toddler; evidence-based intervention ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INDIVIDUALIZED DEVELOPMENTAL CARE; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; JOINT ATTENTION; PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS; INTELLECTUAL-DEVELOPMENT; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT AB There is a scarcity of empirically validated treatments for infants and toddlers under age 3 years with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as a scarcity of empirical investigation into successful intervention characteristics for this population. Yet early screening efforts are focused on identifying autism risk in children under age 3 years. In order to build ASD interventions for infants and toddlers upon a foundation of evidence-based characteristics, the current paper presents the results of a systematic literature search and effect size analysis of efficacious interventions for infants and toddlers with other developmental disorders: those who were born prematurely, have developmental impairments, or are at high risk for developmental impairments due to the presence of a biological or familial condition associated with developmental impairments. A review of 32 controlled, high-quality experimental studies revealed that the most efficacious interventions routinely used a combination of four specific intervention procedures, including (1) parent involvement in intervention, including ongoing parent coaching that focused both on parental responsivity and sensitivity to child cues and on teaching families to provide the infant interventions, (2) individualization to each infant's developmental profile, (3) focusing on a broad rather than a narrow range of learning targets, and (4) temporal characteristics involving beginning as early as the risk is detected and providing greater intensity and duration of the intervention. These four characteristics of efficacious interventions for infants and toddlers with other developmental challenges likely represent a solid foundation from which researchers and clinicians can build efficacious interventions for infants and toddlers at risk for or affected by ASD. C1 [Wallace, Katherine S.; Rogers, Sally J.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Invest Neurodev Disorders MIND Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wallace, KS (reprint author), UC Davis Hlth Syst, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM kswallace@ucdavis.edu FU National Institutes of Mental Health and of Child Health and Human Development [R01 MH 081757-3] FX The authors were partially supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health and of Child Health and Human Development R01 MH 081757-3 to Rogers. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1300 EP 1320 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02308.x PG 21 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 679OR UT WOS:000284171200002 PM 20868374 ER PT J AU Coolican, J Smith, IM Bryson, SE AF Coolican, Jamesie Smith, Isabel M. Bryson, Susan E. TI Brief parent training in pivotal response treatment for preschoolers with autism SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; pivotal response treatment; parent training; communication ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; TRIAL AB Background: Evidence of improved outcomes with early behavioural intervention has placed the early treatment of autism as a health priority. However, long waiting lists for treatment often preclude timely access, raising the question of whether parents could be trained in the interim. Parent training in pivotal response treatment (PRT) has been shown to enhance the communication skills of children with autism. This is typically provided within a 25-hour programme, although less intensive parent training may also be effective. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of brief training in PRT for parents of preschoolers with autism, who were awaiting, or unable to access, more comprehensive treatment. Method: Eight preschoolers with autism and their parents participated in the study. A non-concurrent multiple (across-participants) baseline design was used, in which parents were seen individually for three 2-hour training sessions on PRT. Child and parent outcomes were assessed before, immediately after, and 2 to 4 months following training using standardised tests, questionnaires and behaviour coded directly from video recordings. Results: Overall, children's communication skills, namely functional utterances, increased following training. Parents' fidelity in implementing PRT techniques also improved after training, and generally these changes were maintained at follow-up. A moderate to strong relationship was found between parents' increased ability to implement PRT techniques and improvement in the children's communication skills. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that brief parent training in PRT promises to provide an immediate, cost-effective intervention that could be adopted widely. C1 [Coolican, Jamesie] IWK Hlth Ctr, Autism Res Ctr, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Coolican, J (reprint author), IWK Hlth Ctr, Autism Res Ctr, POB 9700, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. EM jamesie.coolican@iwk.nshealth.ca FU IWK Health Centre; CIHR; Autism Speaks FX This research was supported by a grant from the IWK Health Centre, and by doctoral scholarships awarded to J.C. from Autism Speaks and the Autism Research Training Program (funded by CIHR and Autism Speaks). J.C. completed this research as part of her doctoral requirements under the supervision of S.B. We thank Julie Longard, Marie McIntosh, Tania Moss, Sara Chapell and Nicole Latimer for coding videos and for videotaping families. In addition, we thank Patrick McGrath for his contributions to this study. Thank you to the Autism Team at the IWK Health Centre and, in particular, Theresa Milligan, for assistance in recruitment. We are also grateful to all the children and parents who generously gave their time to contribute to this research. 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Vogeley, Kai TI Minds Made for Sharing: Initiating Joint Attention Recruits Reward-related Neurocircuitry SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDIAL-FRONTAL-CORTEX; SOCIAL COGNITION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NEURAL BASIS; AUTISM; BRAIN; ACTIVATIONS; HYPOTHESIS; SIGNALS; OBJECT AB The ability and motivation to share attention is a unique aspect of human cognition. Despite its significance, the neural basis remains elusive. To investigate the neural correlates of joint attention, we developed a novel, interactive research paradigm in which participants' gaze behavior-as measured by an eye tracking device-was used to contingently control the gaze of a computer-animated character. Instructed that the character on screen was controlled by a real person outside the scanner, 21 participants interacted with the virtual other while undergoing fMRI. Experimental variations focused on leading versus following the gaze of the character when fixating one of three objects also shown on the screen. In concordance with our hypotheses, results demonstrate, firstly, that following someone else's gaze to engage in joint attention resulted in activation of anterior portion of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) known to be involved in the supramodal coordination of perceptual and cognitive processes. Secondly, directing someone else's gaze toward an object activated the ventral striatum which-in light of ratings obtained from participants-appears to underlie the hedonic aspects of sharing attention. The data, therefore, support the idea that other-initiated joint attention relies upon recruitment of MPFC previously related to the "meeting of minds." In contrast, self-initiated joint attention leads to a differential increase of neural activity in reward-related brain areas, which might contribute to the uniquely human motivation to engage in the sharing of experiences. C1 [Schilbach, Leonhard] Univ Cologne, Dept Psychiat, D-50924 Cologne, Germany. [Wilms, Marcus; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Romanzetti, Sandro; Shah, N. Jon; Fink, Gereon R.] Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany. [Eickhoff, Simon B.] Univ Aachen, Aachen, Germany. RP Schilbach, L (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Dept Psychiat, Kerpener Str 62, D-50924 Cologne, Germany. EM leonhard.schilbach@uk-koeln.de RI Schilbach, Leonhard/G-5832-2010; Wilms, Marcus/I-4350-2012; Romanzetti, Sandro/J-5663-2013; Shah, N. Jon /H-5849-2013; Vogeley, K/E-4860-2012; Fink, Gereon/E-1616-2012 OI Schilbach, Leonhard/0000-0001-5547-8309; Romanzetti, Sandro/0000-0001-8519-1309; Shah, N. Jon /0000-0002-8151-6169; Vogeley, K/0000-0002-5891-5831; Fink, Gereon/0000-0002-8230-1856 FU MR and Cognitive Neurology group at the Research Centre Julich; German Ministry for Education and Research; Volkswagen Foundation; "Kompetenzzentrum NeuroNRW" at the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of North-Rhine Westfalia, Germany FX We thank all the colleagues in the MR and Cognitive Neurology group at the Research Centre Julich for their support. In particular, we would like to thank Barbara Elghahwagi and Dorothe Krug for their help during fMRI data acquisition. L. S. is also grateful to Nicole David, Shaun Gallagher, Stefan Heim, Rudiger Ilg, Bojana Kuzmanovic, Anna Rotarska-Jagiela, Tobias Schlicht, David Sharp, and Ralph Weidner for their helpful advice and stimulating comments.The study was supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research, the Volkswagen Foundation, and by a personal grant to L. 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Cogn. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2702 EP 2715 DI 10.1162/jocn.2009.21401 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 641MB UT WOS:000281129400003 PM 19929761 ER PT J AU Weil, TN Inglehart, MR AF Weil, Taryn N. Inglehart, Marita R. TI Dental Education and Dentists' Attitudes and Behavior Concerning Patients with Autism SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; access to dental care; dental education; professional attitudes; professional behavior; special needs patients ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; CARE AB The number of patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the United States has increased significantly The objectives of this study were to explore general and pediatric dentists' professional attitudes and behavior towards patients with ASD, these dentists' perceptions of their dental education about these issues, and the relationships among their educational experiences, attitudes, and behaviors concerning patients with ASD Survey data were collected from 162 general dentists in Michigan and 212 pediatric dentists across the United States The results showed that 89 percent of pediatric dentists and 32 percent of general dentists treat patients with ASD The respondents disagreed with statements indicating that their predoctoral dental education had prepared them well to treat patients with ASD However, the better they felt prepared, the more likely they were to provide care for these patients The frequency with which pediatric dentists said they use appropriate behavior management strategies when treating patients with ASD correlated with the quality of their educational experiences In conclusion, given the growing number of patients with ASD, it is Important to revisit dental education efforts targeted towards preparing future dental care providers for the treatment of patients with ASD and special needs C1 [Inglehart, Marita R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont & Oral Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Inglehart, Marita R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Coll Literature Sci & Arts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Inglehart, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont & Oral Med, 1011 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baron-Cohen S, 2004, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V75, P945, DOI 10.1136/jnnp.2003.018713 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007, MMWR SURVEILL SUMM, V56, P12 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V56, P1 Commission on Dental Accreditation A.D.A., 2007, ACCR STAND DENT ED P Dao Loan P, 2005, J Dent Educ, V69, P1107 DeLucia LA, 2009, J DENT EDUC, V73, P445 Green Danielle, 2008, General Dentistry, V56, P167 Johnson CP, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1183, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-2361 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Marshall J, 2007, PEDIATR DENT, V29, P369 Rutter M, 2005, ACTA PAEDIATR, V94, P2, DOI 10.1080/08035250410023124 Seale NS, 2003, J AM DENT ASSOC, V134, P1630 Smith Carlos S, 2006, J Dent Educ, V70, P398 SPSS Inc, 2008, SPSS 16 0 STUD VERS *US DEP HHS, 2000, NIH PUBL, V4713, P7 Waldman H Barry, 2008, J Calif Dent Assoc, V36, P662 Wolff AJ, 2004, J AM DENT ASSOC, V135, P353 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 PU AMER DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K STREET, NW, STE 1100, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0022-0337 J9 J DENT EDUC JI J. Dent. Educ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 BP 1294 EP 1307 PG 14 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 691LH UT WOS:000285080800004 PM 21123497 ER PT J AU Boggs, KM Gross, AM AF Boggs, Koren M. Gross, Alan M. TI Cue Salience in Face Processing by High Functioning Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Face processing; Cues salience ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; EMOTIONS AB This study examined the effect of competing auditorily and visually presented word cues on emotion recognition ability in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adolescents with ASD were compared to typical controls on computer-based tasks of emotion recognition. Participants were asked to make a determination about the emotion expressed by a face presented alone, with competing visually-presented word stimuli, and with competing auditorily-presented word stimuli. Individuals with autism were more proficient at recognizing emotions in faces when competing word cues were consistent with the emotion in the face than when they were inconsistent or irrelevant, and all participants were more accurate in emotion recognition when competing word cues were presented auditorily rather than visually, and when competing word cues were consistent as opposed to inconsistent or irrelevant. Contrary to hypothesized results, individuals with autism did as well as controls in making determinations about emotions in faces when competing word cues were inconsistent with the emotion in the faces. Implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Boggs, Koren M.; Gross, Alan M.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. RP Gross, AM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. 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Dev. Phys. Disabil. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 595 EP 613 DI 10.1007/s10882-010-9198-9 PG 19 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 666MZ UT WOS:000283120800004 ER PT J AU Consoli, A Benmiloud, M Wachtel, L Dhossche, D Cohen, D Bonnot, O AF Consoli, Angele Benmiloud, Maha Wachtel, Lee Dhossche, Dirk Cohen, David Bonnot, Olivier TI Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents With the Catatonia Syndrome Efficacy and Ethics SO JOURNAL OF ECT LA English DT Review DE ECT; catatonia; adolescent; ethics ID NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; SEVERE MOOD DISORDER; FOLLOW-UP; YOUNG-PEOPLE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CLINICAL-RELEVANCE; ECT TREATMENT; AUTISM; GIRL; CHILDHOOD AB Objectives: In child and adolescent psychiatry, catatonia is infrequent, but it is one of the most severe syndromes, characterized by the coexistence of psychic and motor symptoms. In this report, we explore the therapeutic experience with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in adolescents with catatonia. Methods: We review the literature (1985-2009) to clarify issues related to the use of ECT in child and adolescent patients with catatonia. Results: Electroconvulsive therapy is used as second-line management after high-dose benzodiazepine trials. Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective, safe, and useful procedure in the treatment of catatonic youngsters as reported in 59 patients. Ethical issues regarding the use of ECT are analyzed and their implications briefly discussed in the light of general medical ethics. Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy is a safe and effective treatment for catatonia in children and adolescents. C1 [Cohen, David] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, APHP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, CNRS,UMR 7222,Inst Syst Intelligents & Robot Pari, F-75651 Paris 13, France. [Consoli, Angele; Cohen, David; Bonnot, Olivier] Univ Paris 06, Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, APHP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75252 Paris 05, France. 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PSYCHIATR SERV, V50, P701 Walter G, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P594, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199905000-00022 Walter G, 1997, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V36, P809, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199706000-00018 Wing L, 2000, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V176, P357, DOI 10.1192/bjp.176.4.357 Yeung PP, 1996, CONVULSIVE THER, V12, P31 Zaw FKM, 1999, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V41, P843, DOI 10.1017/S001216229900167X NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1095-0680 J9 J ECT JI J. ECT PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3181fb3924 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA 682JT UT WOS:000284398900005 PM 21099377 ER PT J AU Dhossche, DM Reti, IM Shettar, SM Wachtel, LE AF Dhossche, Dirk M. Reti, Irving M. Shettar, Shashidhar M. Wachtel, Lee E. TI Tics as Signs of Catatonia Electroconvulsive Therapy Response in 2 Men SO JOURNAL OF ECT LA English DT Article DE tics; Tourette syndrome; autism; self-injurious behavior; catatonia ID LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; ELECTROCONVULSIVE-THERAPY; GILLES; CLONAZEPAM; ECT; DISORDERS; PATIENT AB Objectives: Tics have rarely been described in catatonia although tics are sudden and nonrhythmic variants of stereotypic or repetitive movement abnormalities that are considered cardinal symptoms of catatonia. We describe 2 men with tics and self-injurious behavior, who met criteria for catatonia. One patient met criteria for autism. Case Reports: We reported 2 new cases and performed a literature review using PubMed to identify other cases of tics that were treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Tics along with other catatonic symptoms and self-injurious behavior responded to electroconvulsive therapy in 2 men. Eight other patients with tics that were treated with electroconvulsive therapy were found in the literature. Catatonia was recognized in 4 of the 8 patients. Two patients met criteria for autism. Conclusions: Tics, with or without self-injurious behavior, may be signs of catatonia. Patients with tics or Tourette syndrome warrant assessment for catatonia. If catatonia is present, electroconvulsive therapy provides a safe but rarely used alternative to pharmacotherapy, psychosurgery, or invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of tics and Tourette syndrome. C1 [Dhossche, Dirk M.; Shettar, Shashidhar M.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Reti, Irving M.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Wachtel, Lee E.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dhossche, DM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. 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Little research has examined whether individual differences in this cognitive style can be found in typical development, independent of intelligence, and how local processing relates to executive control. We present a brief and easy-to-administer test of coherence requiring global sentence completions. We report results from three studies assessing (a) 176 typically developing (TD) 8- to 25-year-olds, (b) individuals with ASD and matched controls, and (c) matched groups with ASD or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The results suggest that the Sentence Completion Task can reveal individual differences in cognitive style unrelated to IQ in typical development, that most (but not all) people with ASD show weak coherence on this task, and that performance is not related to inhibitory control. The Sentence Completion Task was found to be a useful test instrument, capable of tapping local processing bias in a range of populations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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This study assessed the effect of articulatory suppression (which suppresses private and inner speech) on Tower of London performance in 7- to 10-year-olds, relative to performance in a control condition with a nonverbal secondary task. Experiment 1 showed no effect of articulatory suppression on performance with the standard Tower of London procedure; we interpret this in terms of a lack of planning in our sample. Experiment 2 used a modified procedure in which participants were forced to plan ahead. Performance in the articulatory suppression condition was lower than that in the control condition, consistent with a role for self-directed (private and inner) speech in planning. On problems of intermediate difficulty, participants producing more private speech in the control condition showed greater susceptibility to interference from articulatory suppression than their peers, suggesting that articulatory suppression interfered with performance by blocking self-directed (private and inner) speech. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lidstone, Jane S. M.; Meins, Elizabeth; Fernyhough, Charles] Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Lidstone, JSM (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Tower Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 107 IS 4 BP 438 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.002 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 651JB UT WOS:000281922900005 PM 20633894 ER PT J AU Bindemann, M Scheepers, C Ferguson, HJ Burton, AM AF Bindemann, Markus Scheepers, Christoph Ferguson, Heather J. Burton, A. Mike TI Face, Body, and Center of Gravity Mediate Person Detection in Natural Scenes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE person detection; face; body; scenes; center of gravity ID EYE-MOVEMENTS REVEAL; CAPTURE ATTENTION; VISUAL-SEARCH; PERCEPTION; INFORMATION; SELECTION; AUTISM; PARTS AB Person detection is an important prerequisite of social interaction, but is not well understood. Following suggestions that people in the visual field can capture a viewer's attention, this study examines the role of the face and the body for person detection in natural scenes. We observed that viewers tend first to look at the center of a scene, and only then to fixate on a person. When a person's face was rendered invisible in scenes, bodies were detected as quickly as faces without bodies, indicating that both are equally useful for person detection. Detection was optimized when face and body could be seen, but observers preferentially fixated faces, reinforcing the notion of a prominent role for the face in social perception. These findings have implications for claims of attention capture by faces in that they demonstrate a mediating influence of body cues and general scanning principles in natural scenes. C1 [Bindemann, Markus] Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Bindemann, Markus; Scheepers, Christoph; Burton, A. Mike] Univ Glasgow, Dept Psychol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Ferguson, Heather J.] UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Ferguson, Heather J.] Univ Kent, Sch Psychol, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. RP Bindemann, M (reprint author), Univ Essex, Dept Psychol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. EM markus@essex.ac.uk RI Burton, A. Mike/A-9491-2008; Ferguson, Heather/D-4308-2014 OI Burton, A. Mike/0000-0002-2035-2084; FU ESRC [(RES-062-23-0389] FX This work was supported by an ESRC Grant (RES-062-23-0389) to A. Mike Burton and Markus Bindemann. 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Brewster, Ryan TI Nonexpert Ratings of Family and Parent-Child Interaction SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methods; sensitivity; family conflict; nonexperts; observation ID INFANT; STABILITY; EMOTION; AUTISM AB Observational methods benefit the study of family process, but many expert rating systems are costly and time-consuming. This study examined the utility of using small groups of eight to ten nonexperts to rate family conflict and maternal sensitivity. Videotaped triadic interactions of 39 families were drawn from Lindahl (1998), and 22 mother toddler free-play interactions were drawn from Baker, Messinger, Lyons, and Grantz (2010). Sixty undergraduates rated interactions from these samples in real time using computer-assisted technology. Nonexpert ratings of family conflict were reliable, demonstrated high concordance with expert ratings, and replicated a key finding from Lindahl (1998). Nonexpert ratings of maternal sensitivity replicated a relevant finding from Baker, Messinger et al. (2010). Concordance was lower for maternal sensitivity, however, because of the tendency of nonexperts to overattend to sensitive structuring compared with emotional supportiveness. A second study indicated that as few as six nonexperts could effectively rate maternal sensitive structuring, but that nonexperts were unable to accurately rate emotional supportiveness. Implications for research methods and for our understanding of these important family constructs are discussed. C1 [Baker, Jason K.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Messinger, Daniel S.; Ekas, Naomi V.; Lindahl, Kristin M.; Brewster, Ryan] Univ Miami, Dept Psychol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Baker, JK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM jbaker@waisman.wisc.edu CR Aber JL, 1999, DEV PSYCHOL, V35, P1038, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.35.4.1038 ACHENBACH TM, 2000, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C, V1 Baker JK, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P988, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0948-4 Baker JK, 2010, INT J BEHAV DEV, V34, P88, DOI 10.1177/0165025409350365 Biringen Z., 1998, EMOTIONAL AVAILABILI, V3rd Chow SM, 2010, EMOTION, V10, P101, DOI 10.1037/a0017824 GOTTMAN JM, 1985, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V53, P151, DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.53.2.151 Granic I, 2006, PSYCHOL REV, V113, P101, DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.113.1.101 Kerig P, 2001, FAMILY OBSERVATIONAL Larrick RP, 2006, MANAGE SCI, V52, P111, DOI 10.1287/mnsc.1050.0459 Lindahl KM, 2001, FAMILY OBSERVATIONAL CODING SYSTEMS, P77 Lindahl KM, 1998, J FAM PSYCHOL, V12, P420, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.12.3.420 Lindahl KM, 1996, SYSTEM CODING INTERA Messinger DS, 2008, J NONVERBAL BEHAV, V32, P133, DOI 10.1007/s10919-008-0048-8 Messinger DS, 2009, INFANCY, V14, P285, DOI 10.1080/15250000902839963 NICHD EARL CHI, 1999, DEV PSYCHOL, V35, P1297 NICHD Early Childcare Research Network, 1996, EARLY CHILDHOOD RES, V11, P269 Surowiecki J., 2004, THE WISDOM OF CROWDS Waldinger RJ, 2004, J FAM PSYCHOL, V18, P58, DOI 10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.58 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-3200 J9 J FAM PSYCHOL JI J. Fam. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1037/a0021275 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 702KT UT WOS:000285894300012 PM 21171776 ER PT J AU Wilson, CE Brock, J Palermo, R AF Wilson, C. E. Brock, J. Palermo, R. TI Attention to social stimuli and facial identity recognition skills in autism spectrum disorder SO JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autism; face recognition; social attention ID WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; FACE RECOGNITION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LISTENING PREFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; HOME VIDEOTAPES; EYE-MOVEMENTS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION AB Background Previous research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a reduced preference for viewing social stimuli in the environment and impaired facial identity recognition. Methods Here, we directly tested a link between these two phenomena in 13 ASD children and 13 age-matched typically developing (TD) controls. Eye movements were recorded while participants passively viewed visual scenes containing people and objects. Participants also completed independent matching tasks for faces and objects. Results and Conclusions Behavioural data showed that participants with ASD were impaired on both face- and object-matching tasks relative to TD controls. Eye-tracking data revealed that both groups showed a strong bias to orient towards people. TD children spent proportionally more time looking at people than objects; however, there was no difference in viewing times between people and objects in the ASD group. In the ASD group, an individual's preference for looking first at the people in scenes was associated with level of face recognition ability. Further research is required to determine whether a causal relationship exists between these factors. C1 [Wilson, C. E.] Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Wilson, C. E.; Brock, J.] Macquarie Univ, Macquarie Ctr Cognit Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Palermo, R.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Psychol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Wilson, CE (reprint author), Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. 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Intell. Disabil. Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 BP 1104 EP 1115 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01340.x PN 12 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Genetics & Heredity; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Rehabilitation GA 685FS UT WOS:000284615200007 PM 20977517 ER PT J AU Lee, AR Hong, SW Kim, JS Ju, SJ AF Lee, Ae Ran Hong, Sun Woo Kim, Ji Soo Ju, Se Jin TI Life Transition of Mothers of Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF KOREAN ACADEMY OF NURSING LA Korean DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Mothers; Transition; Qualitative research ID BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; DISABILITY; ADJUSTMENT; STRESS; STYLE AB Purpose: While there are a number of studies on children with disabilities, there have been few studies on mothers of children with autism. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of life transition of mothers who have children with autism. Methods: From June 2007 to May 2009, the researcher interviewed 15 mothers of children with autism living in Seoul City, Gyeonggi or Chonbuk Provinces, and then analyzed the data gathered using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. Results: "Living together holding a string of fate" was a core category showing along the continuum of life. The basic social process of life transition encompassed 5 stages: stages of denying, wandering, devoting, mind controlling, and finally accepting. These five stages proceeded in phases, though returned back to the wandering stage occasionally. Conclusion: This study has opened the door to understanding how mothers of children with autism experienced life transition. The findings suggest that differentiated support and care at each stage should be given and there is the need to develop transition assessment tools for mothers of children with autism. C1 [Ju, Se Jin] Namseoul Univ, Dept Nursing, Cheonan, South Korea. 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Korean Acad. Nurs. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 40 IS 6 BP 808 EP 819 DI 10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.808 PG 12 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 710CR UT WOS:000286489000006 PM 21336015 ER PT J AU Kaufman, L Ayub, M Vincent, JB AF Kaufman, Liana Ayub, Muhammad Vincent, John B. TI The genetic basis of non-syndromic intellectual disability: a review SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Intellectual disability; Non-syndromic; Genetic basis; Convergent pathways ID LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION; NF-KAPPA-B; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; BETA-BINDING-PROTEIN; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; FAMILY-BASED ASSOCIATION; SYNAPTIC VESICLE FUSION; COPY-NUMBER VARIATIONS AB Intellectual disability (ID), also referred to as mental retardation (MR), is frequently the result of genetic mutation Where ID is present together with additional clinical symptoms or physical anomalies, there is often sufficient information available for the diagnosing physician to identify a known syndrome, which may then educe the identification of the causative defect However, where co-morbid features are absent, narrowing down a specific gene can only be done by 'brute force' using the latest molecular genetic techniques Here we attempt to provide a systematic review of genetic causes of cases of ID where no other symptoms or co-morbid features are present, or non-syndromic ID We attempt to summarize commonalities between the genes and the molecular pathways of their encoded proteins Since ID is a common feature of autism, and conversely autistic features are frequently present in individuals with ID, we also look at possible overlaps in genetic etiology with non-syndromic ID C1 [Vincent, John B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Kaufman, Liana; Vincent, John B.] Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Neuropsychiat & Dev Lab, Neurogenet Sect, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. [Ayub, Muhammad] Lahore Inst Res & Dev, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Ayub, Muhammad] St Lukes Hosp, Middlesbrough TS4 3AF, Cleveland, England. [Ayub, Muhammad] Univ Durham, Dept Psychiat, Durham, England. RP Vincent, JB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, 100 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 182 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s11689-010-9055-2 PG 28 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 683WO UT WOS:000284509200002 ER PT J AU Flax, JF Hare, A Azaro, MA Vieland, VJ Brzustowicz, LM AF Flax, Judy F. Hare, Abby Azaro, Marco A. Vieland, Veronica J. Brzustowicz, Linda M. TI Combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis of a motor speech phenotype within families ascertained for autism risk loci SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Linkage analysis; Association analysis; Motor Speech Disorder; Autism genes; Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA); PPL/PPLD ID LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; GROWTH-HORMONE; GENOME-WIDE; POSTERIOR PROBABILITY; ASSOCIATION; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; SUPPORT AB Using behavioral and genetic information from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) data set we developed phenotypes and investigated linkage and association for individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) who exhibit expressive language behaviors consistent with a motor speech disorder Speech and language variables from Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) were used to develop a motor speech phenotype associated with non-verbal or unintelligible verbal behaviors (NVMSD ALL) and a related phenotype restricted to individuals without significant comprehension difficulties (NVMSD C) Using Affymetrix 5 0 data, the PPL framework was employed to assess the strength of evidence for or against trait-marker linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was then utilized to identify potential genes for further investigation We identified several linkage peaks based on two related language-speech phenotypes consistent with a potential motor speech disorder chromosomes 1q24 2, 3q25 31, 4q22 3, 5p12, 5q33 1, 17p12, 17q11 2, and 17q22 for NVMSD ALL and 4p15 2 and 21q22 2 for NVMSD C While no compelling evidence of association was obtained under those peaks, we identified several potential genes of interest using IPA Conclusion Several linkage peaks were identified based on two motor speech phenotypes In the absence of evidence of association under these peaks, we suggest genes for further investigation based on their biological functions Given that autism spectrum disorders are complex with a wide range of behaviors and a large number of underlying genes, these speech phenotypes may belong to a group of several that should be considered when developing narrow, well-defined, phenotypes in the attempt to reduce genetic heterogeneity C1 [Flax, Judy F.; Hare, Abby; Azaro, Marco A.; Brzustowicz, Linda M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Genet, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 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TI Cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning in adolescents with Specific Language Impairment SO JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Specific Language Impairment; Cerebellum; Eyeblink conditioning; Conditioned learning; Adolescence ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; EYELID RESPONSE; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; AUTISM; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; DYSLEXIA; SYSTEM AB Cerebellar impairments have been hypothesized as part of the pathogenesis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI), although direct evidence of cerebellar involvement is sparse Eyeblink Conditioning (EBC) is a learning task with well documented cerebellar pathways This is the first study of EBC in affected adolescents and controls 16 adolescent controls, 15 adolescents with SLI, and 12 adult controls participated in a delay EBC task Affected children had low general language performance, grammatical deficits but no speech impairments The affected group did not differ from the control adolescent or control adult group, showing intact cerebellar functioning on the EBC task This study did not support cerebellar impairment at the level of basic learning pathways as part of the pathogenesis of SLI Outcomes do not rule out cerebellar influences on speech impairment, or possible other forms of cerebellar functioning as contributing to SLI C1 [Rice, Mabel L.] Univ Kansas, Dept Speech Language Hearing Sci & Disorders, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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FU National Institutes of Health [P30DC005803, R01DC001803, R01DC005226]; University of Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center [P30HD002528] FX We thank Alyson Abel and Megan Blossom for assistance with data collection, Denise Perpich for assistance with data analyses, Doug Kieweg and Bruno Tagliaferri for assistance with instrumentation, and Jeff Admundson, Rich Vogel and Joseph Steinmetz for contribution to interpretive discussions Most of all we express our appreciation to the children and adults who participated in the experimental procedures This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health P30DC005803 R01DC001803 and R01DC005226 to Mabel Rice Principal Investigator, as well as by the University of Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center P30HD002528 to John Colombo CR AKSHOOMOFF NA, 1992, BEHAV NEUROSCI, V106, P731, DOI 10.1037//0735-7044.106.5.731 Alarcon M, 2008, AM J HUM GENET, V82, P150, DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.005 BERROTH RM, 1995, ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES, V19, P1127 Bishop DVM, 2002, AM J MED GENET, V114, P56, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1630 Blaxton TA, 1996, J NEUROSCI, V16, P4032 Brown SM, 2005, BRAIN COGNITION, V58, P94, DOI 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.011 Burgemeister B., 1972, COLUMBIA MENTAL MATU Catts H. 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Neurodev. Disord. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s11689-010-9058-z PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 683WO UT WOS:000284509200006 ER PT J AU Pedrosa, E Shah, A Tenore, C Capogna, M Villa, C Guo, XY Zheng, DY Lachman, HM AF Pedrosa, Erika Shah, Abhishek Tenore, Christopher Capogna, Michael Villa, Catalina Guo, Xingyi Zheng, Deyou Lachman, Herbert M. TI beta-Catenin Promoter ChIP-Chip Reveals Potential Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Gene Network SO JOURNAL OF NEUROGENETICS LA English DT Article DE bipolar disorder; chromatin; Chip; GSK3 beta; lithium schizophrenia ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; MOOD DISORDERS; MESSENGER-RNA; STEM-CELLS; RAT-BRAIN; LITHIUM AB Therapeutic concentrations of lithium salts inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta) and phosphoinositide (PI) signaling suggesting that abnormal activation of these pathways could be a factor in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Involvement of these pathways is also supported by recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). One way investigators have investigated the molecular basis of BD and the therapeutic action of lithium is by microarray expression studies, since both GSK3 beta- and PI-mediated signal transduction pathways are coupled to transcriptional activation and inhibition. However, expression profiling has some limitations and investigators cannot use the approach to analyze fetal brain tissue, arguably the most relevant biological structure related to the development of genetically based psychiatric disorders. To address these shortcomings, the authors have taken a novel approach using chromatin immunoprecipitation-enriched material annealed to microarrays (ChIP-chip) targeting genes in fetal brain tissue bound by beta-catenin, a transcription factor that is directly regulated by GSK3 beta. The promoters for 640 genes were found to be bound by beta-catenin, many of which are known schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and BD candidates, including CACNA1B, NRNG, SNAP29, FGFR1, PCDH9, and nine others identified in recently published GWASs and genome-wide searches for copy number variants (CNVs). The findings suggest that seemingly disparate candidate genes for SZ and BD can be incorporated into a common molecular network revolving around GSK3 beta/beta-catenin signaling. In addition, the finding that a putative lithium-responsive pathway may influence a subgroup of SZ and ASD candidate genes could have therapeutic implications. C1 [Pedrosa, Erika; Shah, Abhishek; Tenore, Christopher; Capogna, Michael; Villa, Catalina; Lachman, Herbert M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Basic Res Div, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Guo, Xingyi; Zheng, Deyou] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Zheng, Deyou] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Zheng, Deyou] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Lachman, HM (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Basic Res Div, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM herb.lachman@einstein.yu.edu FU NIMH [R01MH073164]; Juvenile Bipolar Research Foundation; Einstein Affiliate Residency Program; NARSAD; Mental Health Research Association; National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services FX H.M.L. is supported by the NIMH (R01MH073164) and by the Juvenile Bipolar Research Foundation. A.S. was supported by the Einstein Affiliate Residency Program. The Schizophrenia Research Forum Web site is sponsored by NARSAD, the Mental Health Research Association, and supported in part by a contract from the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. 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Neurogenet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.3109/01677063.2010.495182 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 682MS UT WOS:000284408300002 PM 20615089 ER PT J AU MacLean, WE Tervo, RC Hoch, J Tervo, M Symons, FJ AF MacLean, William E. Tervo, Raymond C. Hoch, John Tervo, Mark Symons, Frank J. TI Self-Injury among a Community Cohort of Young Children at Risk for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; PREVALENCE; INFANCY; AGE AB Objective To identify risk factors for self-injurious behavior in young children with developmental delay and to determine whether that group is also more likely to exhibit other challenging behaviors. Study design A retrospective chart review of 196 children < 6 years of age referred for comprehensive neuro-developmental evaluations. We analyzed child developmental level, receptive and expressive communication level, mobility, visual and auditory impairment, and co-morbid diagnoses of cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, and autism. Results Sixty-three children (32%; mean age = 42.7 mo, 63% male) were reported to engage in self-injurious behavior at the time of the evaluation. Children with and without self-injurious behavior did not differ on overall developmental level, expressive or receptive language level, mobility status or sensory functioning, or in rates of identification with cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, or autism. However, the self-injurious behavior group was rated significantly higher by parents on destructive behavior, hurting others, and unusual habits. Conclusions Although self-injurious behavior was reported to occur in 32% of the cohort, the modal frequency was monthly/weekly and the severity was low. No significant differences were found for risk markers reported for adults, adolescents, and older children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, self-injurious behavior was comorbid with other behavior problems in this sample. (J Pediatr 2010; 157: 979-83). C1 [MacLean, William E.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Inst Disabil, Dept 4298, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Tervo, Raymond C.; Hoch, John; Symons, Frank J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Tervo, Raymond C.; Tervo, Mark] Gillette Childrens Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, MN USA. RP MacLean, WE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Inst Disabil, Dept 4298, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 157 IS 6 BP 979 EP 983 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.05.052 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 681JG UT WOS:000284307200026 PM 20630541 ER PT J AU Consoli, A Gheorghiev, C Jutard, C Bodeau, N Kloeckner, A Pitron, V Cohen, D Bonnot, O AF Consoli, Angele Gheorghiev, Charles Jutard, Claire Bodeau, Nicolas Kloeckner, Anja Pitron, Victor Cohen, David Bonnot, Olivier TI Lorazepam, fluoxetine and packing therapy in an adolescent with pervasive developmental disorder and catatonia SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-PARIS LA English DT Article DE Catatonia; Autism; Sensory integration; Packing; Adolescent ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; RATING-SCALE; CHILDREN; GIRL; INDIVIDUALS; CHILDHOOD; MIND; ECT AB Packing therapy is an adjunct symptomatic treatment used for autism and/or catatonia. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy with pervasive developmental disorder who developed catatonia. At admission, catatonic symptoms were severe and the patient required a feeding tube. Lorazepam up to 15 mg/day moderately improved the catatonic symptoms. On day 36 we added fluoxetine and on day 62 we added packing therapy (twice per week, 10 sessions). After three packing sessions, the patient showed a significant clinical improvement (P < 0.001). At discharge (day 96), he was able to return to his special education program. Although we do not consider packing as a psychodynamic treatment, this case challenges the concept of embodied self that has opened new perspectives on a dialogue between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Indeed, better body representation following packing sessions, as shown in patient's drawing, paralleled clinical improvement, and supports the concept of embodied self. This concept may serve a link between psychoanalysis and attachment theory, developmental psychology with the early description of "sense of self", and cognitive neurosciences that more and more support the concept of embodied cognition. Further clinical studies are necessary to clarify the efficacy and underlying mechanism of packing treatment and to understand how patient's experience may illustrate the concept of embodied self. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Consoli, Angele; Gheorghiev, Charles; Jutard, Claire; Bodeau, Nicolas; Kloeckner, Anja; Pitron, Victor; Cohen, David; Bonnot, Olivier] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75013 Paris, France. [Consoli, Angele; Cohen, David] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UMR Psychol & Neurosci Cognit 8189, F-75013 Paris, France. [Cohen, David; Bonnot, Olivier] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Ctr Referent Malad Rares Express Psychiat, F-75013 Paris, France. [Gheorghiev, Charles] Serv Sante Armees, Dept Psychiat, Paris, France. RP Cohen, D (reprint author), Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, 47-83 Blvd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France. 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The APEC scale focuses on the key role of impairment in body image construction, which requires cross-modal sensory integration through emotional communication with motor representations. Thus, the body image construction is associated simultaneously with spatial and temporal organization and allows the emergence of self- and others-representations. The use of the APEC scale, with its seven domains (expression of emotion in relationships, eye contact, body image, graphic productions, exploration of space and objects, time perception, and verbal language), underlines the importance in autistic disorder of anxieties related to body and spatial representations, and of impairment in the body ego construction which is closely linked to the emergence of individuation/separation processes. This study was conducted on 73 children and adolescents with autistic disorder. They were recruited in day care facilities where two caregivers independently gave their ratings based on their clinical observation on a daily basis during the same month. Analyses included assessing construct validity through correspondence analyses and inter-rater reliability using kappa coefficients. The APEC scale offers a reliable and validated psychodynamic assessment of interest for professionals (such as child psychiatrists, caregivers, therapists or teachers) and researchers working with children, adolescents and adults with autistic disorder, especially in the follow-up of their evolution. The APEC scale provides an approach at the interface of psychoanalysis and neuroscience, and is also of interest for clinical and developmental psychology. Using the APEC scale in a range of different practical and research settings will foster links between psychoanalytic perspectives and educational training for children with autistic disorder, and will contribute to the dialogue between psychoanalysis, neuroscience and psychology. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Botbol, Michel] Univ Catholique, SPP, Ecole Psychologues Praticiens, Paris, France. [Graignic, Rozenn; Kermarrec, Solenn; Tordjman, Sylvie] Univ Rennes 1, Serv Hosp Univ Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent Renne, Ctr Hosp Guillaume Regnier, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Perez-Diaz, Fernando] Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Ctr Emot, CNRS, UFR 3246, F-75634 Paris, France. [Bronsard, Guillaume] Med Univ Marseille, Dept Adolescent Home & Medicopsychopedag Departme, Publ Hlth Lab, EA 3279, Marseille, France. [Guile, Jean-Marc] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. 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W., 1958, COLLECTED PAPERS PAE NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-4257 J9 J PHYSIOL-PARIS JI J. Physiol.-Paris PD DEC PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 SI SI BP 323 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2010.10.002 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 705US UT WOS:000286164500007 PM 20965249 ER PT J AU Guile, JM AF Guile, Jean-Marc TI Disentangling cognitive processes from neural activation and psychic mechanisms: The example of empathy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-PARIS LA English DT Article DE Empathy; Social cognition; Neuroscience; Psychoanalysis; Autism; Conduct disorder ID SOCIAL COGNITION; AUTISM; PAIN; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE; DEFICITS; CHILD AB Empathy processes can be explored within a three-level model distinguishing neuronal, cognitive and intra-psychic operating levels. Cognitive and intra-psychic processes need not to be collapsed. Neural systems involved in empathy are described through neuroimaging and event-related potential (ERP) studies. On the cognitive level, empathy is threefold: procedural, semantic and biographical. Automatically activated since birth, procedural empathy processes are deeply enrooted in visuo-motor response capacities and responsible for automatic mimicry. These processes might rely on a prior sensori-motor contagion system. Semantic empathy parallels language development and expresses connexion between words, meaning and emotion. Biographical emerges later in life and corresponds to the interweaving of personal experience with feelings and words, together with a capacity to bridge with the others' experiences. On the intra-psychic level, defence mechanisms as well as identification processes, depicted from a subjective and interpersonal standpoint, are corresponding, without being similar, to empathetic processes described in cognitive neuroscience studies. Studies on semantic empathy need to control for the participants biographical information and concomitant memory activation. The interface between cognitive and intra-psychic processes needs to be further investigated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guile, Jean-Marc] McGill Univ, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Guile, Jean-Marc] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Guile, Jean-Marc] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, CNRS, UMR 8189, Paris, France. [Guile, Jean-Marc] Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Serv Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, Paris, France. RP Guile, JM (reprint author), Hop Riviere des Prairies, Serv Rech, 7070 Blvd Perras, Montreal, PQ, Canada. 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Physiol.-Paris PD DEC PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 SI SI BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2010.09.001 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Physiology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 705US UT WOS:000286164500008 PM 20888907 ER PT J AU De Clercq, B Aelterman, N De Pauw, S De Bolle, M Decuyper, M Tackett, JL AF De Clercq, Barbara Aelterman, Nathalie De Pauw, Sarah De Bolle, Marleen Decuyper, Mieke Tackett, Jennifer L. TI Delineating Childhood Autism Spectrum Symptoms from a Maladaptive Trait Perspective SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Personality pathology; Child; Autism spectrum isorder ID SOCIAL COMMUNICATION QUESTIONNAIRE; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; DSM-V; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; DIMENSIONAL MODELS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR AB Children with autism spectrum disorders comprise a highly heterogeneous group within the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994) Pervasive Developmental Disorder section Inadequate inclusion criteria and indefinite boundaries between different manifestations tend to hamper unambiguous diagnosis within the current DSM-IV taxonomy, resulting in a large group of children diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (Myhr, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43 589-595, 1998) or diagnoses that do not comprehensively cover the symptomatology of the individual child Suggestions for DSM-V include a reconceptualization of the autism spectrum in terms of two distinct symptom dimensions characterized by communication deficits and repetitive behaviours respectively (Swedo 2009) that may provide a more comprehensive description of autism manifestations The current study corroborates this suggestion and introduces a new perspective on the autism spectrum at a young age, exploring the contribution of specific developmental personality pathology facets in characterizing these underlying dimensions of autism symptoms C1 [De Clercq, Barbara; Aelterman, Nathalie; De Pauw, Sarah; De Bolle, Marleen; Decuyper, Mieke] Univ Ghent, Dept Dev Personal & Social Psychol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Tackett, Jennifer L.] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP De Clercq, B (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Dev Personal & Social Psychol, H Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RI De Pauw, Sarah/I-8034-2012 CR Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE Achenbach TM, 1991, MANUAL CHILD BEHAV C American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Bolte S, 2008, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V47, P719, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816c42bd Chandler S, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P1324, DOI 10.1097/chi.0b013e31812f7d8d Costa P. 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Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s10862-010-9191-8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 681HU UT WOS:000284302800007 ER PT J AU Mandal, M Marzouk, AC Donnelly, R Ponzio, NM AF Mandal, Mili Marzouk, Atara C. Donnelly, Robert Ponzio, Nicholas M. TI Preferential development of Th17 cells in offspring of immunostimulated pregnant mice SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Th17 cells; Pregnancy; Cytokines; IL-6; Autism; Schizophrenia ID FETAL-BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; AUTISM AB Pregnant mice were stimulated at day 12 of gestation with the nucleotide poly(I:C). At 24 h after stimulation, serum levels of maternal cytokines were measured, and at postnatal ages 2 and 3 weeks, offspring were analyzed for T helper (Th) cell subsets. Lymphocytes from offspring of poly(I:C)-injected (vs. control PBS-injected) pregnant dams preferentially developed into T helper 17 (Th17) cells upon in vitro activation. This occurred in offspring of pregnant dams who exhibited an immunological "memory" phenotype, but not in offspring of immunologically "naive" dams. Preferential development of Th17 cells in these offspring may be facilitated by the higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, found in immune vs. naive pregnant dams. Murine immune stimulation during pregnancy is frequently used to model human neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. However, immune stimulation of women during pregnancy occurs in the context of an immunological "memory" phenotype, resulting from previous immunizations and/or natural exposure to micro-organisms and other antigens. Therefore, use of previously immunized female mice. with a similar immunological memory phenotype to study maternal immune stimulation during pregnancy presents a more biologically relevant experimental strategy to investigate developmental, behavioral, and immunological sequelae of offspring in such rodent models. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ponzio, Nicholas M.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. RP Ponzio, NM (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM ponzio@umdnj.edu FU Autism Speaks [2233, 4934] FX This study was funded in part by support from Autism Speaks (Grant Numbers 2233 and 4934). 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.156 PG 4 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 694SX UT WOS:000285320400013 PM 20727596 ER PT J AU Shukla, DK Keehn, B Lincoln, AJ Muller, RA AF Shukla, Dinesh K. Keehn, Brandon Lincoln, Alan J. Mueller, Ralph-Axel TI White Matter Compromise of Callosal and Subcortical Fiber Tracts in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism; diffusion tensor imaging; corpus callosum; internal capsule; middle cerebellar peduncle ID LANGUAGE-ASSOCIATION CORTEX; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; INTERNAL CAPSULE; DISCONNECTION SYNDROME; PLANUM TEMPORALE; MOTOR IMPAIRMENT; FRONTAL-LOBE; ABNORMALITIES; BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly viewed as a disorder of functional networks, highlighting the importance of investigating white matter and interregional connectivity. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine white matter integrity for the whole brain and for corpus callosum, internal capsule, and middle cerebellar peduncle in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Method: DTI data were obtained from 26 children with ASD and 24 matched TD children. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial and radial diffusion were calculated for the whole brain, the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, the genu and anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, and the middle cerebellar peduncle. Results: Children with ASD had reduced FA and increased radial diffusion for whole-brain white matter and all three segments of the corpus callosum and internal capsule, compared with those in TD children. Increased MD was found for the whole brain and for anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule. Reduced axial diffusion was found for the body of corpus callosum. Reduced FA was also found for the middle cerebellar peduncle. Conclusions: Our findings suggest widespread white matter compromise in children with ASD. Abnormalities in the corpus callosum indicate impaired interhemispheric transfer. Results for the internal capsule and middle cerebellar peduncle add to the currently limited DTI evidence on subcortico-cortical tracts in ASD. The robust impairment found in all three segments of the internal capsule is consistent with studies documenting impairment of elementary sensorimotor function in ASD. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(12):1269-1278. C1 [Mueller, Ralph-Axel] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. [Keehn, Brandon] San Diego State Univ Univ Calif, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program Language & Commu, San Diego, CA USA. [Lincoln, Alan J.] Alliant Int Univ, Dev Neuropsychol Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Mueller, Ralph-Axel] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Muller, RA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, Brain Dev Imaging Lab, M-C 1863,6363 Alvarado Ct,Suite 225E, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. EM amueller@sciences.sdsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01-DC006 155, R01-MH081023]; NIDCD [1T32 DC007361-03] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-DC006 155 and R01-MH081023, with additional funding from NIDCD 1T32 DC007361-03 B.K.). 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.018 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 689HH UT WOS:000284918200011 PM 21093776 ER PT J AU Gul, SO Vuran, S AF Gul, Seray Olcay Vuran, Sezgin TI An Analysis of Studies Conducted Video Modeling in Teaching Social Skills SO KURAM VE UYGULAMADA EGITIM BILIMLERI LA English DT Article DE Video Modeling; Social Skills; Autism; Social Validity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONVERSATION SKILLS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IN-VIVO; SELF; SEQUENCES; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; PLAY AB The video model method is an application with evidence basis, defined as watching and taking as a model the target behavior exhibited by the person on the videotape. The video model method is a teaching method that can be used in teaching many different skills to children displaying normal development and to children with developmental disabilities. This study aimed to examine and analyze studies in which the video modeling was used in teaching social skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. The present study is a qualitative document analysis. Documents (research) which were gathered according to certain criteria were analyzed by the authors. A total of 21 studies, 2 of which were conducted in Turkey, that met the criteria off set by the present study were analyzed according to the certain criteria. The reason why subjects in 3-15 years of age diagnosed with autism and Asberger's syndrome were selected in 97% of the studies and why social skills were analyzed in 81% of the studies was not explained. In addition, social validity data were collected only in 33% of all studies. This is a quite low rate for the studies focused on teaching of social skills. C1 [Gul, Seray Olcay] Ozel Ilk Emek Special Educ & Rehabil Ctr, Ankara, Turkey. [Vuran, Sezgin] Anadolu Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Special Educ, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Gul, SO (reprint author), Ozel Ilk Emek Special Educ & Rehabil Ctr, Varhk Dist Beypazan St 11, Ankara, Turkey. EM solcaygul@gmail.com CR Akmanoglu N., 2008, THESIS ANADOLU U ESK Baker J. E., 2004, SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINI Banda D., 2007, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V39, P47 BANDURA A, 1963, SOCIAL LEARNING IMIT Begun W. 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PD WIN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 249 EP 274 PG 26 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 585AD UT WOS:000276795800006 ER PT J AU Dougherty, S AF Dougherty, Stephen TI Autism and Modular Minds in Elizabeth Moon's The Speed of Dark SO MOSAIC-A JOURNAL FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF LITERATURE LA English DT Article C1 Volda Univ Coll, Volda, Norway. RP Dougherty, S (reprint author), Volda Univ Coll, Volda, Norway. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th BARON CS, 1997, MINDBLINDNESS ESSAY Buller DJ, 2000, BRAIN MIND, V1, P307, DOI DOI 10.1023/A:1011573226794 Clark Andy, 2003, NATURAL BORN CYBORGS Connolly William E., 2002, NEUROPOLITICS THINKI Damasio Antonio, 1999, FEELING WHAT HAPPENS Hobson P., 2004, CRADLE THOUGHT EXPLO LESLIE AM, 1992, COGNITION, V43, P225, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(92)90013-8 Massumi Brian, 2002, PARABLES VIRTUAL MOV Moon Elizabeth, 2003, SPEED DARK Wilson Elizabeth A., 1998, NEURAL GEOGRAPHIES F NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 PU UNIV MANITOBA PI WINNIPEG PA MOSAIC 208 TIER BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0027-1276 J9 MOSAIC JI Mosaic-J. Interdiscip. Study Lit. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 35 EP 50 PG 16 WC Literature SC Literature GA 690VT UT WOS:000285037400004 ER PT J AU Hammock, EAD Eagleson, KL Barlow, S Earls, LR Miller, DM Levitt, P AF Hammock, Elizabeth A. D. Eagleson, Kathie L. Barlow, Susan Earls, Laurie R. Miller, David M., III Levitt, Pat TI Homologs of genes expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans GABAergic neurons are also found in the developing mouse forebrain SO NEURAL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CORTICAL INTERNEURONS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MOTOR-NEURONS; AUTISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MUTATIONS; GENETICS; SUBTYPES; ORIGINS; ARX AB Background: In an effort to identify genes that specify the mammalian forebrain, we used a comparative approach to identify mouse homologs of transcription factors expressed in developing Caenorhabditis elegans GABAergic neurons. A cell-specific microarray profiling study revealed a set of transcription factors that are highly expressed in embryonic C. elegans GABAergic neurons. Results: Bioinformatic analyses identified mouse protein homologs of these selected transcripts and their expression pattern was mapped in the mouse embryonic forebrain by in situ hybridization. A review of human homologs indicates several of these genes are potential candidates in neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Our comparative approach has revealed several novel candidates that may serve as future targets for studies of mammalian forebrain development. C1 [Hammock, Elizabeth A. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hammock, Elizabeth A. D.; Miller, David M., III] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Kennedy Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Eagleson, Kathie L.; Levitt, Pat] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Barlow, Susan; Earls, Laurie R.; Miller, David M., III] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Miller, David M., III] Vanderbilt Univ, Program Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Barlow, Susan] Skin Hosp Phys Rehabil, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Earls, Laurie R.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Hammock, EAD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM liz.hammock@vanderbilt.edu; plevitt@usc.edu RI Hammock, Elizabeth/G-1897-2011 FU NIH [T32 MH065215, R21MH077302, HD015052]; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center FX We thank Eric Yetter, Christine Svitek, Frank Liu and Deborah Gregory for technical support and Phil Ebert, PhD for facilitating the implementation of the high throughput in situ hybridization protocols. Funding was provided by NIH T32 MH065215 (EADH), a Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Hobbs grant (DMM, LE, PL), NIH R21MH077302 (DMM) and by the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center P30 grant NIH HD015052. 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PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 5 AR 32 DI 10.1186/1749-8104-5-32 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 697UL UT WOS:000285544200001 PM 21122108 ER PT J AU Norbury, CF Griffiths, H Nation, K AF Norbury, Courtenay Frazier Griffiths, Helen Nation, Kate TI Sound before meaning: Word learning in autistic disorders SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Word learning; Semantics; Phonology; Autism spectrum disorder; Language delay; Eye-tracking ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT; EYE-MOVEMENTS; SPOKEN WORDS; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; INFANTS; PRESCHOOL AB Successful word learning depends on the integration of phonological and semantic information with social cues provided by interlocutors. How then, do children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) learn new words when social impairments pervade? We recorded the eye-movements of verbally-able children with ASD and their typical peers while completing a word learning task in a social context. We assessed learning of semantic and phonological features immediately after learning and again four weeks later. Eye-movement data revealed that both groups could follow social cues, but that typically developing children were more sensitive to the social informativeness of gaze cues. In contrast, children with ASD were more successful than peers at mapping phonological forms to novel referents; however, this advantage was not maintained overtime. Typical children showed clear consolidation of learning both semantic and phonological information, children with ASD did not. These results provide unique evidence of qualitative differences in word learning and consolidation and elucidate the different mechanisms underlying the unusual nature of autistic language. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Norbury, Courtenay Frazier] Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Norbury, Courtenay Frazier; Griffiths, Helen; Nation, Kate] Univ Oxford, Dept Expt Psychol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Norbury, CF (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM courtenay.norbury@rhul.ac.uk RI Nation, Kate/F-8228-2014 FU Nuffield Foundation; NAAR/Autism Speaks FX This work was supported by a Nuffield Foundation New Career Development Fellowship to C.F. Norbury, and a grant from NAAR/Autism Speaks to K. Nation and C.F. Norbury. We wish to thank Karla McGregor for helpful discussions and suggestions. We are indebted to the schools, the families and the children who took part in this study. 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To test this hypothesis, we measured luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity, thought to tap M and Parvocellular (P) pathway processing, respectively. We also tested the hypothesis that motion processing is impaired in ASD using a novel paradigm that measures motion processing while controlling for detectabilty. Specifically, this paradigm compares contrast sensitivity for detection of a moving grating with contrast sensitivity for direction-of-motion discrimination of that same moving grating. Contrast sensitivities from adolescents with ASD were compared to typically-developing adolescents, and also unaffected siblings of individuals with ASD (SIBS). The results revealed significant group differences on P. but not M, pathway processing, with SIBS showing higher chromatic contrast sensitivity than both participants with ASD and TD participants. This atypicality, unique to SIBS, suggests the possible existence of a protective factor in these individuals against developing ASD. The results also revealed impairments in motion perception in both participants with ASD and SIBS, which may be an endophenotype of ASD. This impairment may be driven by impairments in motion detectors and/or by reduced input from neural areas that project to motion detectors, the latter possibility being consistent with the notion of reduced connectivity between neural areas in ASD. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dobkins, Karen] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Koh, Hwan Cui; Milne, Elizabeth] Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Dobkins, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kdobkins@ucsd.edu FU NIH [R01 HD052804-01A2]; WUN Research mobility FX This research was supported by NIH grant R01 HD052804-01A2 (KD), and a WUN Research mobility award (HCK). We would like to thank all of the families who generously participated in this study, and the schools who helped with participant recruitment. We also acknowledge Ms Beth Hannaman, the Program Manager of Resources for Students with Autism, and the Research Review committee with the Research and Reporting Department, at the San Diego Unified School District for their valuable input and assistance in participant recruitment. We would also like to thank Sarah Song and Marissa Boren for their assistance with data collection, and Carly Thurston, Katie Wagner and Hao Ye for technical advice. 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Dickinson, J. Edwin Maybery, Murray T. Badcock, Johanna C. Badcock, David R. TI Visual search performance in the autism spectrum II: The radial frequency search task with additional segmentation cues SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Autism-spectrum Quotient; Radial frequency patterns; Visual search; Segmentation; Embedded Figures Test; Visual processing ID DISCRIMINATION; SUPERIOR; INDIVIDUALS; PERCEPTION; COHERENCE; LUMINANCE; CONTOURS; ABILITY; TRAITS AB The Embedded Figures Test (EFT) requires detecting a shape within a complex background and individuals with autism or high Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores are faster and more accurate on this task than controls. This research aimed to uncover the visual processes producing this difference. Previously we developed a search task using radial frequency (RF) patterns with controllable amounts of target/distracter overlap on which high AQ participants showed more efficient search than low AQ observers. The current study extended the design of this search task by adding two lines which traverse the display on random paths sometimes intersecting target/distracters, other times passing between them. As with the EFT, these lines segment and group the display in ways that are task irrelevant. We tested two new groups of observers and found that while RF search was slowed by the addition of segmenting lines for both groups, the high AQ group retained a consistent search advantage (reflected in a shallower gradient for reaction time as a function of set size) over the low AQ group. Further, the high AQ group were significantly faster and more accurate on the EFT compared to the low AQ group. That is, the results from the present RF search task demonstrate that segmentation and grouping created by intersecting lines does not further differentiate the groups and is therefore unlikely to be a critical factor underlying the EFT performance difference. However, once again, we found that superior EFT performance was associated with shallower gradients on the RF search task. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Almeida, Renita A.; Dickinson, J. Edwin; Maybery, Murray T.; Badcock, David R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Badcock, Johanna C.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychiat & Clin Neurosci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Badcock, Johanna C.] Graylands Hosp, Ctr Clin Res Neuropsychiat, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Almeida, RA (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, M304,35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM renita.almeida@uwa.edu.au RI Badcock, David/A-4913-2008; Badcock, Johanna/C-3682-2013; Maybery, Murray/H-5390-2014 OI Badcock, David/0000-0002-4517-435X; Badcock, Johanna/0000-0003-4629-2929; CR Almeida RA, 2010, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V48, P374, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.024 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Bell Jason, 2009, Vision Res, V49, P843, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2009.03.001 Bell J, 2008, VISION RES, V48, P2336, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2008.07.015 de Jonge MV, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P677, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0113-2 Grinter EJ, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P670, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0658-3 Grinter EJ, 2009, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P1278, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0740-5 HENDERSON JM, 2009, J VISION, V9, pNI423, DOI DOI 10.1167/9.1.32.[ Jarrold C, 2005, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V8, P344, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00422.x Jolliffe T, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P527, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x Joseph RM, 2009, DEVELOPMENTAL SCI, V12, P1083, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00855.x Kemner C, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P553, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0406-0 Loffler G, 2008, VISION RES, V48, P2106, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2008.03.006 Loffler G, 2003, VISION RES, V43, P519, DOI 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00686-7 METHA AB, 1994, J OPT SOC AM A, V11, P1697, DOI 10.1364/JOSAA.11.001697 Meyer S L, 1975, DATA ANAL SCI ENG Morgan B, 2003, DEV PSYCHOL, V39, P646, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.646 O'Riordan M, 2001, Q J EXP PSYCHOL-A, V54, P961, DOI 10.1080/02724980042000543 O'Riordan MA, 2001, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V27, P719, DOI 10.1037//0096-1523.27.3.719 O'Riordan MA, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P229, DOI 10.1177/1362361304045219 Pellicano E, 2005, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V43, P1044, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.10.003 PELLICANO E, 2006, DEV PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V18 Plaisted K, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P777, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002613 Poirier FJAM, 2006, VISION RES, V46, P2443, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2006.01.026 Ropar D, 2001, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V42, P539, DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00748 Russell-Smith SN, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P968, DOI 10.1007/s10803-010-0945-7 SETTI JR, 2006, INT TRANSP SYST C TO SHAH A, 1983, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V24, P613, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1983.tb00137.x Simmons DR, 2009, VISION RES, V49, P2705, DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005 Spillmann L., 2004, VISUAL NEUROSCIENCES, P1573 STORMS G, 1992, PSYCHOMETRIKA, V57, P599, DOI 10.1007/BF02294422 Weschler D., 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED Wilkinson F, 1998, VISION RES, V38, P3555, DOI 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00039-X Witkin HA, 1971, MANUAL EMBEDDED FIGU Wolfe JM, 2002, VISION RES, V42, P2985, DOI 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00388-7 Zar JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANAL NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 48 IS 14 BP 4117 EP 4124 DI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.009 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 699MT UT WOS:000285668200014 PM 20946906 ER PT J AU Missig, G Ayers, LW Schulkin, J Rosen, JB AF Missig, Galen Ayers, Luke W. Schulkin, Jay Rosen, Jeffrey B. TI Oxytocin Reduces Background Anxiety in a Fear-Potentiated Startle Paradigm SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxytocin; anxiety; fear; startle; PTSD ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PREPULSE INHIBITION; VIETNAM VETERANS; BASE-LINE; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; CONTEXTUAL FEAR; CUED FEAR AB Oxytocin reportedly decreases anxious feelings in humans and may therefore have therapeutic value for anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As PTSD patients have exaggerated startle responses, a fear-potentiated startle paradigm in rats may have face validity as an animal model to examine the efficacy of oxytocin in treating these symptoms. Oxytocin (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mu g, subcutaneously) was given either 30 min before fear conditioning, immediately after fear conditioning, or 30 min before fear-potentiated startle testing to assess its effects on acquisition, consolidation, and expression of conditioned fear, respectively. Startle both in the presence and absence of the fear-conditioned light was significantly diminished by oxytocin when administered at acquisition, consolidation, or expression. There was no specific effect of oxytocin on light fear-potentiated startle. In an additional experiment, oxytocin had no effects on acoustic startle without previous fear conditioning. Further, in a context-conditioned test, previous light-shock fear conditioning did not increase acoustic startle during testing when the fear-conditioned light was not presented. The data suggest that oxytocin did not diminish cue-specific conditioned nor contextually conditioned fear, but reduced background anxiety. This suggests that oxytocin has unique effects of decreasing background anxiety without affecting learning and memory of a specific traumatic event. Oxytocin may have antianxiety properties that are particularly germane to the hypervigilance and exaggerated startle typically seen in PTSD patients. Neuropsychopharmacology (2010) 35, 2607-2616; doi:10.1038/npp.2010.155; published online 15 September 2010 C1 [Missig, Galen; Ayers, Luke W.; Rosen, Jeffrey B.] Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Behav Neurosci Program, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Schulkin, Jay] Georgetown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC USA. [Schulkin, Jay] NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schulkin, Jay] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Rosen, JB (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Behav Neurosci Program, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jrosen@udel.edu FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-08-1-0182] FX This work was supported by Grant W81XWH-08-1-0182 from the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. 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Raphael, Emily I. Ceder, Leila M. Khan, Arshi Timp, Katherine M. Salvant, Sabrina TI The Effect of a Motor-Based, Social Skills Intervention for Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism: Two Single-Subject Design Cases SO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE social interaction; occupational therapy; treatment outcome ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; DISORDER; PROGRAM; OTHERS AB The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a motor-based, social skills intervention for two adolescents with high-functioning autism (HFA) using single-subject design. A description of the intervention is provided as a first step in the manualization process. The intervention was provided as a 7-week after-school program, once weekly to the paired participants. Intervention consisted of role-play methods in which motor behaviours were linked with their cognitive and emotional meanings. Baseline, intervention and 3-month probe data collection periods were carried out and then compared using visual inspection of graphed data, paired t-tests and a three-standard-deviation-band approach. Both participants displayed a statistically significant increase in targeted social skills behaviours from baseline to intervention and maintained this level at a 3-month post-intervention probe. These single-subject design cases illustrate that motor-based, social skills interventions may be effective for adolescents with HFA and warrant further testing. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gutman, Sharon A.; Raphael, Emily I.; Ceder, Leila M.; Khan, Arshi; Timp, Katherine M.; Salvant, Sabrina] Columbia Univ, Programs Occupat Therapy, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Gutman, SA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Programs Occupat Therapy, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM sg2422@columbia.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT BARHILL GP, 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P112, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576020170020601 Bauminger N, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P283, DOI 10.1023/A:1016378718278 Beaumont R, 2008, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V49, P743, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01920.x Berney T, 2004, ADV PSYCHIAT TREATME, P341, DOI DOI 10.1192/APT.10.5.341 Bloom M., 2009, EVALUATING PRACTICE CRAGER DE, 2003, CLIN CASE STUDIES, V2, P34, DOI 10.1177/1534650102239087 Cunnington R, 2006, NEUROIMAGE, V29, P1294, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.028 Fombonne E, 2007, CA CH AD PS, P33, DOI 10.1017/CBO9780511544446.003 Fraser M, 2009, INTERVENTION RES DEV GILLBERG IC, 1989, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V30, P631, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00275.x Hare D. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1002/oti.300 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 748YJ UT WOS:000289428900004 PM 20672254 ER PT J AU Ezugha, H Anderson, CE Marks, HG Khurana, D Legido, A Valencia, I AF Ezugha, Herbert Anderson, Carol E. Marks, Harold G. Khurana, Divya Legido, Agustin Valencia, Ignacio TI Microarray Analysis in Children With Developmental Disorder or Epilepsy SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; ARRAY-CGH; CHROMOSOMAL IMBALANCES; GENE-EXPRESSION; DELAY; HYBRIDIZATION; PATIENT AB The technique of chromosomal microarray analysis identifies genetic imbalance. Evaluation of its diagnostic role in pediatrics is still underway. We describe our experience with chromosomal microarrays. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of children in the Sections of Neurology and Clinical Genetics at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children who had undergone microarray analysis between 2006 and 2009. Collected data included age, sex, and the presence of mental retardation, developmental delay, autism, learning disability, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and epilepsy, and the use of microarray technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. There were 82 children (mean age +/- S.D., 5.7 +/- 5 years), including 45 (55%) boys and 37 (45%) girls. All patients exhibited a normal karyotype. Microarray analysis produced abnormal results in 20 (23.5%). Deletions comprised 74% of all abnormalities. Patients with >= 4 clinical variables demonstrated a 30.5% incidence of abnormal chromosomal microarray findings, compared with 8.7% of patients with <= 3 clinical variables (P = 0.039, chi(2) test:). Logistic regression indicated that motor impairment (P = 0.039) and presence of epilepsy (P = 0.024) independently contributed to the model. The likelihood of an abnormal microarray result increased with the number of clinical abnormalities. Microarray analysis will likely become the diagnostic genetic test of choice in children with neurodevelopmental disorders or epilepsy. (C) 2010 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ezugha, Herbert; Marks, Harold G.; Khurana, Divya; Legido, Agustin; Valencia, Ignacio] Drexel Univ, St Christophers Hosp Children, Neurol Sect, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19134 USA. [Anderson, Carol E.] Drexel Univ, St Christophers Hosp Children, Clin Genet Sect, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19134 USA. RP Valencia, I (reprint author), Drexel Univ, St Christophers Hosp Children, Neurol Sect, Coll Med, Erie Ave & Front St, Philadelphia, PA 19134 USA. EM ignacio.valencia@drexelmed.edu CR Baranzini SE, 2004, NEUROMOL MED, V6, P31, DOI 10.1385/NMM:6:1:031 Edelmann L, 2009, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1151, P157, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03610.x Kim HS, 2007, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V29, P639, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.04.006 Kojima T, 2006, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V341, P792, DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.032 Liang Jao-Shwann, 2008, Pediatrics and Neonatology, V49, P213, DOI 10.1016/S1875-9572(09)60013-9 Lukasiuk K, 2004, NEUROCHEM RES, V29, P1169, DOI 10.1023/B:NERE.0000023604.91584.6c Mizugishi K, 1998, J HUM GENET, V43, P178, DOI 10.1007/s100380050064 Moeschler JB, 2008, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V21, P117, DOI 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f82c2d NOWAKOWSKA S, 2008, AM J MED GENET, V146, P2361 Schoumans J, 2005, J MED GENET, V42, P699, DOI 10.1136/jmg.2004.029637 Shaffer LG, 2005, GENET MED, V7, P650, DOI 10.1097/01.gim.0000186545.83160.le Tang Y, 2001, ANN NEUROL, V50, P699, DOI 10.1002/ana.10042 Zhang ZF, 2008, EUR J HUM GENET, V16, P786, DOI 10.1038/ejhg.2008.14 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.06.019 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 691JY UT WOS:000285077300002 PM 21093728 ER PT J AU Allen, SG Berry, AD Brewster, JA Chalasani, RK Mack, PK AF Allen, Scott G. Berry, Anita D. Brewster, Juanona A. Chalasani, Ram K. Mack, Patricia K. TI Enhancing Developmentally Oriented Primary Care: An Illinois Initiative to Increase Developmental Screening in Medical Homes SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE early childhood developmental screening; Enhancing Developmentally Oriented Primary Care; EDOPC; developmental screening in the medical home; use of validated tools in well-child visits; Illinois early childhood screening initiatives; Illinois chapter; American Academy of Pediatrics AB In 2005, the Enhancing Developmentally Oriented Primary Care (EDOPC) project of the Illinois chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services began a project to improve the delivery and financing of preventive health and developmental services for children in Illinois. The leaders of this initiative sought to increase primary care providers' use of validated tools for developmental, social/emotional, maternal depression, and domestic violence screening and to increase early awareness of autism symptoms during pediatric well-child visits in children aged 0 to 3 years. These screenings facilitate identification of children at risk and those who need referral for further evaluation. Primary barriers to such screenings include lack of practitioner confidence in using validated screening tools. In this article we describe the accomplishments of the EDOPC project, which created training programs to address these barriers. This training is delivered by EDOPC staff and peer educators (physicians and nurse practitioners) in medical practices. The EDOPC project enhanced confidence and intent to screen among a large group of Illinois primary health care providers. Among a sample of primary care sites at which chart reviews were conducted, the EDOPC project increased developmental screening rates to the target of 85% of patients at most sites and increased social/emotional screening rates to the same target rate in nearly half of the participating practices. Pediatrics 2010; 126: S160-S164 C1 [Allen, Scott G.; Brewster, Juanona A.] Amer Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL USA. [Berry, Anita D.; Chalasani, Ram K.; Mack, Patricia K.] Advocate Hlth Care, Park Ridge, IL USA. RP Brewster, JA (reprint author), Illinois AAP, Early Childhood Dev Projects, 1400 W Hubbard St, Chicago, IL 60642 USA. EM jbrewster@illinoisaap.com RI Almoayad, Fatmah/A-9961-2012 FU Illinois Academy of Family Physicians; Ounce of Prevention Fund; Michael Reese Health Trust; Illinois Children's Healthcare Foundation; W. Clement and Jesse V. Stone Foundation; Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services; Chicago Community Trust; Irving B. Harris Foundation FX We are grateful for the support of the Illinois Academy of Family Physicians and Ounce of Prevention Fund for their involvement in the project planning and training. We also thank the Michael Reese Health Trust, Illinois Children's Healthcare Foundation, W. Clement and Jesse V. Stone Foundation, Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services, Chicago Community Trust, and Irving B. Harris Foundation for funding the project. 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Bloom, Sheila Foley, Susan Palfrey, Judith S. TI Health Inequity in Children and Youth With Chronic Health Conditions SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; chronic disease; disability; disparity; epidemiology; incidence; prevalence; survival; special needs ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; SICKLE-CELL-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; CARE-NEEDS; DOWN-SYNDROME; MEDICAL HOME AB BACKGROUND: Over the last decades, there have been great advances in health care delivered to children with chronic conditions, but not all children have benefitted equally from them. OBJECTIVES: To describe health inequities experienced by children with chronic health conditions. METHODS: We performed a literature review of English-language studies identified from the Medline, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Web sites that were published between January 1985 and May 2009, included children aged 0 to 18 years, and contained the key words "incidence," "prevalence," "survival," "mortality," or "disparity" in the title or abstract for the following health conditions: acute leukemia, asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, HIV/AIDS, major congenital heart defects, major depressive disorder, sickle cell anemia, spina bifida, and traumatic brain injury. RESULTS: Black children had higher rates of cerebral palsy and HIV/AIDS, were less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, had more emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and had higher mortality rates associated with asthma; and survived less often with Down syndrome, type 1 diabetes, and traumatic brain injury when compared with white children. Hispanic children had higher rates of spina bifida from Mexico-born mothers, had higher rates of HIV/AIDS and depression, were less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, had poorer glycemic control with type 1 diabetes, and survived less often with acute leukemia compared with white children. CONCLUSIONS: Serious racial and ethnic health and health care inequities persist for children with chronic health conditions. Pediatrics 2010; 126: S111-S119 C1 [Berry, Jay G.] Harvard Univ, Program Patient Safety & Qual, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med,Div Gen Pediat,Complex Care Serv, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bloom, Sheila] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Mass Gen Hosp Children, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Foley, Susan] Inst Community Inclus, Boston, MA USA. [Palfrey, Judith S.] Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Berry, JG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Program Patient Safety & Qual, Childrens Hosp Boston, Sch Med,Div Gen Pediat,Complex Care Serv, Fegan 10,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jay.berry@childrens.harvard.edu FU National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research [H133B060012]; HSC Foundation (Washington, DC) FX This work was supported by National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research grant H133B060012 and the HSC Foundation (Washington, DC). We thank James Perrin, MD, Naomi Sacks, MA, Veronica Palmer-Segal, BA, Berna Kahrama, MS, Amy Yang, and Morgan Crossman for help with the background analysis for this article. 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Recent research has suggested a relationship between the digit ratio and individual differences in empathizing and systemizing, which are the two fundamental cognitive drives hypothesized by Baron-Cohen (2003). However, some studies on the relationship between digit ratio and empathy quotient (EQ) and systemizing quotient (SQ) have reported inconsistent results (Manning et al., 2010; von Horn et al., 2010; Voracek & Dressler, 2006). This study examined the relationship between digit ratio and EQ and SQ in a sample of Japanese university students (174 males and 174 females, mean age 19.6). Results showed that, on average, male digit ratio was lower than female digit ratio, and digit ratio correlated positively with scores on EQ and negatively with scores on SQ although correlation coefficients were very low. These results suggest that the fetal testosterone level as estimated by the digit ratio is related to individual differences in adult cognitive and behavioral patterns. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wakabayashi, Akio; Nakazawa, Yui] Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Wakabayashi, A (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Psychol, Inage Ku, 1-33 Yayoi Cho, Chiba 2638522, Japan. EM akiowcam@mac.com CR Austin EJ, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V38, P451, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.022 Auyeung B, 2006, EUR J ENDOCRINOL, V155, pS123, DOI 10.1530/eje.1.02260 Baron-Cohen S., 2003, ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE Baron-Cohen S, 2004, PRENATAL TESTOSTERON Baron-Cohen S, 2009, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1156, P68, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04467.x Baron-Cohen S, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P163, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00 Baron-Cohen S, 2003, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V358, P361, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2002.1206 BECKPECCOZ P, 1991, J CLIN ENDOCRINOLOGY, V73, P523 Billington J, 2007, LEARN INDIVID DIFFER, V17, P260, DOI 10.1016/j.lindif.2007.02.004 Brosnan MJ, 2006, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V97, P455, DOI 10.1348/000712605X85808 Chapman E, 2006, SOC NEUROSCI, V1, P135, DOI 10.1080/17470910600992239 GEARY DC, 2002, BIOL SOC BEHAV DEV S Halpern D., 2000, SEX DIFFERENCES COGN Hamilton C, 2008, COGNITION SEX DIFFER Kimura D., 1999, SEX COGNITION Knickmeyer R, 2006, HORM BEHAV, V49, P282, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.08.010 Lippa RA, 2006, BIOL PSYCHOL, V71, P116, DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.02.004 Lutchmaya S, 2002, INFANT BEHAV DEV, V25, P327, DOI 10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00094-2 Luxen MF, 2005, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V39, P959, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.016 Manning JT, 2010, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V48, P767, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.030 Manning JT, 2005, ARCH SEX BEHAV, V34, P329, DOI 10.1007/s10508-005-3121-y Manning JT, 2002, DIGIT RATIO POINTER Manning JT, 2001, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V43, P160, DOI 10.1017/S0012162201000317 Manning JT, 2000, EVOL HUM BEHAV, V21, P163, DOI 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00029-5 Manning JT, 1998, HUM REPROD, V13, P3000, DOI 10.1093/humrep/13.11.3000 Manning JT, 2008, FINGER BOOK SEX BEHA Realo A, 2003, J RES PERS, V37, P420, DOI 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00021-7 van Anders SM, 2005, HORM BEHAV, V47, P92, DOI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.09.003 Von Horn A, 2010, SCAND J PSYCHOL, V51, P31, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00725.x Voracek M, 2006, PERS INDIV DIFFER, V41, P1481, DOI 10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.009 Wakabayashi A., 2006, JAPANESE J PSYCHOL, V77, P271 Wakabayashi A, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1823, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 928 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.032 PG 4 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 670BD UT WOS:000283394100018 ER PT J AU Ceylan, M Sener, S Bayraktar, AC Kavutcu, M AF Ceylan, Mehmet Sener, Sahnur Bayraktar, Aslihan Cavunt Kavutcu, Mustafa TI Oxidative imbalance in child and adolescent patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE Antioxidant enzymes; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Malondialdehyde; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; NITRIC-OXIDE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AB Various psychological, social, genetic, and biochemical factors are thought to be involved in the aetiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated the biochemical basis of ADHD. In the present study, we evaluate whether levels of nitric oxide pool (NO center dot + NO(2)(-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidants as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzyme activities are associated with ADHD. The sample population consisted of thirty-five child or adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Thirty-five healthy subjects also were included in the study as controls. Venous blood samples were collected, and NO pool and MDA levels as well as SOD. GSH-Px, and CAT activities were measured. NO and MDA levels of the patients were significantly higher than the controls. GSH-Px activities of the patients were significantly lower than the controls. CAT activities of the patients were higher than the controls; however, the difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in SOD activity between the patient and control groups. Remarkably high levels of NO pool and MDA oxidants as well as low GSH-Px activities suggest an oxidative imbalance in paediatric patients with ADHD. CAT activities may be increased in response to increased oxidant levels. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bayraktar, Aslihan Cavunt; Kavutcu, Mustafa] Gazi Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, TR-06510 Ankara, Turkey. [Sener, Sahnur] Gazi Univ, Fac Med, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Dept, TR-06510 Ankara, Turkey. [Ceylan, Mehmet] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Ankara, Turkey. RP Kavutcu, M (reprint author), Gazi Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, TR-06510 Ankara, Turkey. EM kavutcu@gazi.edu.tr FU Gazi University Research Foundation [01/2008-39] FX We are grateful to the Gazi University Research Foundation for the financial support of this work (01/2008-39). 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Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1491 EP 1494 DI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.08.010 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 703BL UT WOS:000285948800020 PM 20732373 ER PT J AU Raja, M Azzoni, A AF Raja, Michele Azzoni, Antonella TI AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA IN THE ADULT PSYCHIATRIC SETTING: DIAGNOSIS AND COMORBIDITY SO PSYCHIATRIA DANUBINA LA English DT Article DE Asperger's syndrome; autism; comorbidity; diagnosis; pervasive development disorder; schizophrenia ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD; PSYCHOSIS AB Background. The relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia is currently unclear. We aimed to (a) assess psychotic symptoms in a consecutive series of adult patients with ASDs, (b) evaluate the comorbidity diagnosed to account for the concurrent psychotic symptoms in patients with ASDs, and (c) compare the clinical features between the patients with schizophrenia and patients with comorbid schizophrenia and ASDs. Subjects and methods. We included patients with ASD that were seen in adult psychiatric clinical settings during a 15-year period. The sample was further grouped according to the existence of a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia. Clinical and epidemiological features were assesed in in the whole sample, and further compared between the two groups. Results. We identified 26 patients with first-time diagnosed ASDs. Among the 22 cases who manifested psychotic symptoms (84.6%), 16 had a concurrent diagnosis of schizophrenia (72.73%) and 6 of mood disorders (27.27%). Compared with patients with schizophrenia patients with comorbid ASDs and schizophrenia were more often men, of younger age, and more frequently developed motor side effects to antipsychotics. Conclusions. Adult psychiatric service users with ASDs are often misdiagnosed. This could be in part due to the fact that adult psychiatrists are not familiar with the diagnosis of ASDs. The high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in this sample is likely to depend on the specific setting of the study, i.e., that people with more severe forms of ASD than those typically followed-up in the national health service were reaching our public inpatient and private outpatient services. The high comorbidity rate between ASDs and schizophrenia could be related to shared neurobiology, but also to arbitrary restrictions imposed by current diagnostic systems. C1 [Raja, Michele; Azzoni, Antonella] Osped Santo Spirito, Serv Psichiat Diag & Cura, I-00136 Rome, Italy. 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Danub. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 514 EP 521 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 712WB UT WOS:000286695900006 PM 21169891 ER PT J AU [Anonymous] AF [Anonymous] TI Magic trick sheds light on autism SO PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT News Item NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOC PI LEICESTER PA ST ANDREWS HOUSE, 48 PRINCESS RD EAST, LEICESTER LE1 7DR, LEICS, ENGLAND SN 0952-8229 J9 PSYCHOLOGIST JI Psychologist PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 12 BP 957 EP 957 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 694RL UT WOS:000285315200017 ER PT J AU Church, BA Krauss, MS Lopata, C Toomey, JA Thomeer, ML Coutinho, MV Volker, MA Mercado, E AF Church, Barbara A. Krauss, Maria S. Lopata, Christopher Toomey, Jennifer A. Thomeer, Marcus L. Coutinho, Mariana V. Volker, Martin A. Mercado, Eduardo, III TI Atypical categorization in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder SO PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED DISCRIMINATION; PROTOTYPE ABSTRACTION; MEMORY; CLASSIFICATION; SIMILARITY; PERCEPTION; ADULTS AB Children with autism spectrum disorder process many perceptual and social events differently from typically developing children, suggesting that they may also form and recognize categories differently. We used a dot pattern categorization task and prototype comparison modeling to compare categorical processing in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and matched typical controls. We were interested in whether there were differences in how children with autism use average similarity information about a category to make decisions. During testing, the group with autism spectrum disorder endorsed prototypes less and was seemingly less sensitive to differences between to-be-categorized items and the prototype. The findings suggest that individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are less likely to use overall average similarity when forming categories or making categorical decisions. Such differences in category formation and use may negatively impact processing of socially relevant information, such as facial expressions. A supplemental appendix for this article may be downloaded from http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. C1 [Church, Barbara A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lopata, Christopher; Thomeer, Marcus L.] Canisius Coll, Inst Autism Res, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. [Toomey, Jennifer A.] Summit Educ Resources, Getzville, NY USA. RP Church, BA (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Pk Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. 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Bull. Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.3738/PBR.17.6.862 PG 7 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 702AF UT WOS:000285865600016 PM 21169581 ER PT J AU Asberg, J AF Asberg, Jakob TI Patterns of language and discourse comprehension skills in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Discourse comprehension; inferences; autism spectrum disorders; language comprehension ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; INDIVIDUALS; INFERENCES; ABILITY AB The present study examined patterns of language and discourse comprehension skills in Swedish school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (n = 16) as compared to a slightly younger group of typically developing children (n = 16) matched for non-verbal cognitive ability. Results suggested significantly lower abilities in narrative discourse comprehension for the ASD group, but not in oral receptive vocabulary or reception of grammar. This difficulty with discourse-level comprehension appeared to be of a general nature, as no evidence was found for the hypothesis that participants with ASD would find comprehension of inferential discourse information disproportionally more difficult than stated information, or for the hypothesis that discourse processing in ASD would be characterized by an elevated processing of explicitly stated narrative details. The study has clinical and educational implications, as the findings suggest that children with ASD would benefit from being offered specific support for discourse-level comprehension. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Asberg, J (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychol, Box 500, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 6 BP 534 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00822.x PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 684YN UT WOS:000284591300012 PM 20497400 ER PT J AU Wang, KS Liu, XF Aragam, N AF Wang, Ke-Sheng Liu, Xue-Feng Aragam, Nagesh TI A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bipolar disorder; Schizophrenia; Genome wide association; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Meta analysis; Haplotype ID GENETIC-DETERMINANTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; CANDIDATE GENES; VARIANTS; LINKAGE; CNTNAP2; AUTISM; FAMILIES; OVERLAP; GABRR2 AB Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder both have strong inherited components Recent studies have indicated that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share more than half of their genetic determinants In this study we performed a meta-analysis (combined analysis) for genome wide association data of the Affymetrix Genome Wide Human SNP array 60 to detect genetic variants influencing both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using European American samples (653 bipolar cases and 1034 controls 1172 schizophrenia cases and 1379 controls) The best associated SNP rs11789399 was located at 9q33 1 (p = 238 x 10(-6) 574 x 10(-4) and 5 56 x 10(-9) for schizophrenia bipolar disorder and meta analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder respectively) where one flanking gene ASTN2 (220 kb away) has been associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia The next best SNP was rs12201676 located at 6q15 (p = 2 67 x 10(-4) 2 12 x 10(-5) 3 88 x 10(-8) for schizophrenia bipolar disorder and meta-analysis respectively) near two flanking genes GABRR1 and GABRR2 (15 and 17 kb away respectively) The third interesting SNP rs802568 was at 7q35 within CNTNAP2 (p = 8 92 x 10(-4) 1 38 x 10(-5) and 1 62 x 10(-7) for schizophrenia bipolar disorder and meta-analysis respectively) Through meta-analysis we found two additional associated genes NALCN (the top SNP is rs2044117 p = 457 x 10(-7)) and NAPS (the top SNP is rs10496702 p = 7 15 x 10(-7)) Haplotype analyses of above five loci further supported the associations with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder These results provide evidence of common genetic variants influencing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder These findings will serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Wang, Ke-Sheng; Liu, Xue-Feng; Aragam, Nagesh] E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Wang, KS (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, POB 70259,Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. FU NIMH; NHGRI [MH078151, MH081804, MH059567]; NIH [5U01M0H79469] FX Funding support for the Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder was provided by grants from the NIMH and NHGRI to JR Kelsoe (MH078151 MH081804 MH059567 supplement) and the genotyping of samples was provided through the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) This work was additionally supported by the NIMH Intramural Research Program (FJ McMahon and TG Schulze) The dataset used for the analyses described in this manuscript were obtained from the database of Genotype and Phenotype (dbGaP) found at http //www ncbi nlm nih gov/gap through dbGaP accession number phs000017 v3 p1 Samples and associated phenotype data for the Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder were provided by Dr JR KelsoeFunding support for Genome Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia was provided by funding from the NIH grant 5U01M0H79469 to Dr PV Gejman and the genotyping of samples was provided through the Genetic 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Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2010.09.002 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 694UE UT WOS:000285323700026 PM 20889312 ER PT J AU Rajapakse, T Pringsheim, T AF Rajapakse, Thilinie Pringsheim, Tamara TI Pharmacotherapeutics of Tourette Syndrome and Stereotypies in Autism SO SEMINARS IN PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; LEVETIRACETAM; RISPERIDONE; ADOLESCENTS; IRRITABILITY; ARIPIPRAZOLE; ATOMOXETINE AB Tourette syndrome (TS) and stereotypy in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are 2 common movement disorders in childhood. The objective of this review was to summarize randomized controlled trials published over the past 5 years as an update of the current pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of tics, TS, and motor stereotypies in children with ASD. We searched MEDLINE (2005-May 2010) for randomized controlled trials of medications used for the treatment of these disorders. For the treatment of tics in TS, 2 trials suggest that levetiracetam is not effective, whereas 1 trial found that topiramate was effective. Single clinical trials of metoclopramide, atomoxetine, and ondansetron were of limited quality, preventing conclusions to be made regarding the usefulness of these treatments for tic disorders. For the treatment of stereotypy in children with ASD, risperidone has been shown in both a Cochrane review in 2006 and 2 subsequent randomized control trials to be effective. The addition of pentoxifylline to risperidone may have added benefit. Haloperidol did not improve stereotypy and was poorly tolerated. There is good evidence that aripiprazole is effective in the treatment of sterotypies in children with ASD. A large randomized trial of citalopram did not show any improvement in stereotypy. Single trials of levetiracetam, guanfacine, and atomoxetine suggest they are not useful in the reduction of stereotypy in children with ASD. Semin Pediatr Neurol 17:254-260 (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rajapakse, Thilinie; Pringsheim, Tamara] Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci & Pediat, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. RP Pringsheim, T (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci & Pediat, C4-431,2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. 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Mentalization can be assessed using action identification paradigms, in which observers choose mentalistic (goals-focused) or mechanistic (action-focused) descriptions of targets' actions. Neural structures that play key roles in inferring goals and intentions from others' observed or imagined actions include temporo-parietal junction, ventral premotor cortex and extrastriate body area. We hypothesized that these regions play a role in action identification as well. Data collected using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) confirmed our predictions that activity in ventral premotor cortex and middle temporal gyrus near the extrastriate body area varies both as a function of the valence of the target and the extent to which actions are identified as goal-directed. In addition, the inferior parietal lobule is preferentially engaged when participants identify the actions of mentalized targets. Functional connectivity analyses suggest support from other regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala, during mentalization. We found correlations between action identification and Autism Quotient scores, suggesting that understanding the neural correlates of action identification may enhance our understanding of the underpinnings of essential social cognitive processes. C1 [Marsh, Abigail A.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kozak, Megan N.] Pace Univ, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Wegner, Daniel M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reid, Marguerite E.; Yu, Henry H.; Blair, R. J. R.] NIMH, Mood & Anxiety Program, Bethesda, MA USA. RP Marsh, AA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Psychol, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. 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TI Prenatal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Leads to Behavioral Deficits and Downregulation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, MET SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE gene x environment interaction; autism spectrum disorders; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; benzo(a)pyrene; susceptibility-exposure paradigm; novel object discrimination behavioral task; B(a)P metabolites; in utero exposures; behavioral neurotoxicity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; HEPATOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; ANTLEY-BIXLER-SYNDROME; MUTANT P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE; LIVER-SPECIFIC DELETION; REDUCTASE GENE; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; BENZO(A)PYRENE; CYTOCHROME-P450 AB Gene by environment interactions (G x E) are thought to underlie neurodevelopmental disorder, etiology, neurodegenerative disorders, including the multiple forms of autism spectrum disorder. However, there is limited biological information, indicating an interaction between specific genes and environmental components. The present study focuses on a major component of airborne pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], which negatively impacts cognitive development in children who have been exposed in utero. In our study, prenatal exposure of Cpr(lox/lox) timed-pregnant dams to B(a)P (0, 150, 300, and 600 mu g/kg body weight via oral gavage) on embryonic day (E14-E17) consistent with our susceptibility-exposure paradigm was combined with the analysis of a replicated autism risk gene, the receptor tyrosine kinase, Met. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in B(a)P metabolite generation in B(a)P-exposed Cpr(lox/lox) offspring. Additionally, a sustained persistence of hydroxy metabolites during the onset of synapse formation was noted, corresponding to the peak of Met expression. Prenatal B(a)P exposure also downregulated Met RNA and protein levels and dysregulated normal temporal patterns of expression during synaptogenesis. Consistent with these data, transcriptional cell-based assays demonstrated that B(a)P exposure directly reduces human MET promoter activity. Furthermore, a functional readout of in utero B(a)P exposure showed a robust reduction in novel object discrimination in B(a)P-exposed Cpr(lox/lox) offspring. These results confirm the notion that common pollutants, such as the PAH B(a)P, can have a direct negative impact on the regulated developmental expression of an autism risk gene with associated negative behavioral learning and memory outcomes. C1 [Sheng, Liu; Ferguson, Marcus; McCallister, Monique; Rhoades, Raina; Maguire, Mark; Hood, Darryl B.] Meharry Med Coll, Ctr Mol & Behav Neurosci, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Ding, Xinxin] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Ramesh, Aramandla] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Aschner, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Campbell, Daniel] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Ctr Genom Psychiat, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst,Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Levitt, Pat] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Zilkha Neurogenet Inst, Dept Cell & Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Hood, DB (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Ctr Mol & Behav Neurosci, Dept Neurosci & Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM dhood@mmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [S11ES014156, U54NS041071, R56ES017448-01A1, R01ES007462, R01CA142845-01A1]; Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative; [G12RRO3032]; [S06GM08037]; [T32MH065782] FX This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grants S11ES014156, U54NS041071, and R56ES017448-01A1 to D.B.H., R01ES007462 to X. D., R01CA142845-01A1 to A.R and a grant from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (P.L., D.B.H.). Institutional grants G12RRO3032, S06GM08037, and T32MH065782 (MMC-VU Alliance for Research Training in Neuroscience). 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PD DEC PY 2010 VL 118 IS 2 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq304 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 682WB UT WOS:000284432600027 PM 20889680 ER PT J AU Kilincaslan, A Mukaddes, NM Kucukyazici, GS Gurvit, H AF Kilincaslan, Ayse Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli Kucukyazici, Gokce Sozen Gurvit, Hakan TI Assessment of Executive/Attentional Performance in Asperger's Disorder SO TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI LA Turkish DT Article DE Asperger's disorder; attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; neuropsychology; executive function; attention ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION DEFICITS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; VERBAL FLUENCY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; FLEXIBILITY; IMPAIRMENT AB Objective: Deficient executive functioning (EF) has been reported in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders; however, many studies included heterogeneous groups and few have focused on EF in individuals with Asperger's disorder (AD) in relation to attentional performance. The aim of the present study was to compare executive/attentional performance in children and adolescents with AD to that in controls, and to assess the influence of comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on that performance. Method: In total, 21 individuals with AD aged between 8 and 16 years (diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria) and 18 age- gender-, education-, and IQ-matched volunteer controls were administered the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, and verbal fluency tests. Results: The participants with AD had more perseverative responses and errors, and fewer conceptual level responses, and generated fewer categories on the WCST. They also had lower phonological fluency scores, but were similar to the controls in terms of semantic fluency, CPT, and Stroop scores. Comparison of those with comorbid ADHD and those without ADHD (AD+ADHD and pure AD, respectively) revealed that the AD+ADHD subgroup had lower CPT, semantic fluency, and Stroop interference scores. Conclusion: The present study indicated a clear profile of a dysexecutive syndrome among the participants with AD and that ADHD comorbidity exacerbated deficits in attentional tasks. C1 [Kilincaslan, Ayse] Gaziantep Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari AD, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Mukaddes, Nahit Motavalli; Kucukyazici, Gokce Sozen] Istanbul Univ, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari AD, Tip Fak, Istanbul, Turkey. [Gurvit, Hakan] Istanbul Univ, Tip Fak, Davranis Norolojisi Birimi, Noroloji AD, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Kilincaslan, A (reprint author), Gaziantep Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari AD, Gaziantep, Turkey. 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PD WIN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 289 EP 299 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 700IP UT WOS:000285732100004 PM 21125504 ER PT J AU Dressler, A Perelli, V Feucht, M Bargagna, S AF Dressler, Anastasia Perelli, Valentina Feucht, Martha Bargagna, Stefania TI Adaptive behaviour in Down syndrome: a cross-sectional study from childhood to adulthood SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE Adaptive behaviour; Down syndrome; Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales; adulthood ID CHILDREN; AUTISM; PEOPLE AB Objective: Adaptive behaviour in Down syndrome is described to increase until middle childhood and to begin to decline in adolescence, whereas significant deterioration in middle adulthood has been attributed to early onset of dementia. Nevertheless, opinions diverge about when the slowing down of adaptive and cognitive abilities starts. Our aims were to describe the profile of adaptive behaviour in Down syndrome, the variability within different age-groups, age-related changes and the correlation to cognitive abilities. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, individuals with Down syndrome all living in the family and without signs of dementia in 4 Italian sites were included and performed a detailed medical and neuropsychiatric work-up, as well as cognitive testing and adaptive behaviour, using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Results: Seventy-five individuals with Down syndrome from 4 to 52 years were included. Adults from 20 to 30 years showed the highest performance of all groups. The area of communication, always an area of strength, did not change over time, in childhood and especially in adolescence daily living skills (p = 0.012) and socialisation (p = 0.021) scored on average, whereas in young and middle adulthood performance in daily living skills and socialisation and were areas of strength. Conclusions: Individuals with DS continue to increase competence in adaptive behaviour until 30 years, even when cognitive abilities reach a plateau. We found no major decline in middle adulthood. This may be due to exposure to daily life, but needs to be supported by further studies. C1 [Dressler, Anastasia; Feucht, Martha] Med Univ Vienna, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Gen Pediat & Neonatol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Perelli, Valentina; Bargagna, Stefania] Sci Inst Child & Adolescence Neurol & Psychiat, IRCCS, Stella Maris Fdn, Pisa, Italy. 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Klin. Wochen. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 122 IS 23-24 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1007/s00508-010-1504-0 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 723MV UT WOS:000287511700005 PM 21132392 ER PT J AU Bishop, DVM AF Bishop, Dorothy V. M. TI Which Neurodevelopmental Disorders Get Researched and Why? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RARE AB Aim: There are substantial differences in the amount of research concerned with different disorders. This paper considers why. Methods: Bibliographic searches were conducted to identify publications (1985-2009) concerned with 35 neurodevelopmental disorders: Developmental dyslexia, Developmental dyscalculia, Developmental coordination disorder, Speech sound disorder, Specific language impairment, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autistic spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, Intellectual disability, Angelman syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Cri du chat syndrome, Down syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Fetal alcohol syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Galactosaemia, Klinefelter syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Lowe syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Phenylketonuria, Prader-Willi syndrome, Rett syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, Trisomy 18, Tuberous sclerosis, Turner syndrome, Velocardiofacial syndrome, Williams syndrome, XXX and XYY. A publication index reflecting N publications relative to prevalence was derived. Results: The publication index was higher for rare than common conditions. However, this was partly explained by the tendency for rare disorders to be more severe. Interpretation: Although research activity is predictable from severity and prevalence, there are exceptions. Low rates of research, and relatively low levels of NIH funding, characterise conditions that are the domain of a single discipline with limited research resources. Growth in research is not explained by severity, and was exceptionally steep for autism and ADHD. C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Bishop, DVM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. EM dorothy.bishop@psy.ox.ac.uk FU Wellcome Trust [053335] FX This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Programme Grant 053335. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Page, Lisa O'Gorman, Ruth L. Bolton, Patrick Sharma, Ajay Baird, Gillian Daly, Eileen Hallahan, Brian Conroy, Ronan M. Foy, Catherine Curran, Sarah Robertson, Dene Murphy, Kieran C. Murphy, Declan G. M. TI Maturation of limbic regions in Asperger syndrome: A preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and structural magnetic resonance imaging SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Asperger syndrome; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Amygdala; Hippocampus; Aging ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; N-ACETYL ASPARTATE; MR SPECTROSCOPY; WHITE-MATTER; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; POSTERIOR HIPPOCAMPUS; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CEREBRAL-CORTEX AB People with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD, including Asperger syndrome) may have developmental abnormalities in the amygdala-hippocampal complex (AHC). However, in vivo, age-related comparisons of both volume and neuronal integrity of the AHC have not yet been carried out in people with Asperger syndrome (AS) versus controls. We compared structure and metabolic activity of the right AHC of 22 individuals with AS and 22 healthy controls aged 10-50 years and examined the effects of age between groups. We used structural magnetic resonace imaging (sMRI) to measure the volume of the AHC, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to measure concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr + PCr), myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho). The bulk volume of the amygdala and the hippocampus did not differ significantly between groups, but there was a significant difference in the effect of age on the hippocampus in controls. Compared with controls, young (but not older) people with AS had a significantly higher AHC concentration of NM and a significantly higher NAA/Cr ratio. People with AS, but not controls, had a significant age-related reduction in NAA and the NAA/Cr ratio. Also, in people with AS, but not controls, there was a significant relationship between concentrations of choline and age so that choline concentrations reduced with age. We therefore suggest that people with AS have significant differences in neuronal and lipid membrane integrity and maturation of the AHC. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med, Sect Brain Maturat,Dept Psychol Med, London SE5 8AF, England. [O'Gorman, Ruth L.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Neuroimaging Res Grp, London SE5 8AF, England. [Bolton, Patrick] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet Dev & Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Sharma, Ajay] Southwark Hlth Ctr, London, England. [Baird, Gillian] St Georges Hosp Med Sch, London, England. [O'Brien, Finian M.; Hallahan, Brian; Murphy, Kieran C.] Beaumont Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Dublin 9, Ireland. [O'Brien, Finian M.; Conroy, Ronan M.; Murphy, Kieran C.] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Murphy, DGM (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Div Psychol Med, Sect Brain Maturat,Dept Psychol Med, POB 50, London SE5 8AF, England. EM sphadgm@iop.kcl.ac.uk RI daly, eileen/B-6716-2011; Murphy, Kieran/D-3577-2012; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 FU MRC UK A.I.M.S. network; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust FX This work was made possible by support from the MRC UK A.I.M.S. network, and the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. 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Neuroimaging PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 2 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.007 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 681TF UT WOS:000284341500003 PM 20952166 ER PT J AU Jolous-Jamshidi, B Cromwell, HC McFarland, AM Meserve, LA AF Jolous-Jamshidi, Banafsheh Cromwell, Howard C. McFarland, Ashley M. Meserve, Lee A. TI Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls alters social behaviors in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Affect; Emotion; Development; Hormones; Motivation; Toxicant ID ACETYLTRANSFERASE CHAT ACTIVITY; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; LABORATORY RAT; REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; INVESTIGATORY BEHAVIOR; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; OLFACTORY SYSTEM AB Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) leads to significant alterations of neural and hormonal systems. These alterations have been shown to impair motor and sensory development. Less is known about the influence of PCB exposure on developing emotional and motivational systems involved in social interactions and social learning. The present study examined the impact of perinatal PCB exposure (mixture of congeners 47 and 77) on social recognition in juvenile animals, conspecific-directed investigation in adults and on neural and hormonal systems involved in social functions. We used a standard habituation-dishabituation paradigm to evaluate juvenile recognition and a social port paradigm to monitor adult social investigation. Areal measures of the periventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus were obtained to provide correlations with related hormone and brain systems. PCB exposed rats were significantly impaired in social recognition as indicated by persistent conspecific-directed exploration by juvenile animals regardless of social experience. As adults, PCB exposure led to a dampening of the isolation-induced enhancement of social investigation. There was not a concomitant alteration of social investigation in pair-housed PCB exposed animals at this stage of development. Interestingly, PVN area was significantly decreased in juvenile animals exposed to PCB during the perinatal period. Shifts in hypothalamic regulation of hormones involved in social behavior and stress could be involved in the behavioral changes observed. Overall, the results suggest that PCB exposure impairs context or experience-dependent modulation of social approach and investigation. These types of social-context deficits are similar to behavioral deficits observed in social disorders such as autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jolous-Jamshidi, Banafsheh; Meserve, Lee A.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Cromwell, Howard C.; McFarland, Ashley M.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Psychol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. 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PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 199 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.015 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 683RV UT WOS:000284493800005 PM 20813172 ER PT J AU Noriuchi, M Kikuchi, Y Yoshiura, T Kira, R Shigeto, H Hara, T Tobimatsu, S Kamio, Y AF Noriuchi, Madoka Kikuchi, Yoshiaki Yoshiura, Takashi Kira, Ryutaro Shigeto, Hiroshi Hara, Toshiro Tobimatsu, Shozo Kamio, Yoko TI Altered white matter fractional anisotropy and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Diffusion tensor imaging; Social impairment; White matter; Childhood ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; FRONTAL-LOBE; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; GENERAL-POPULATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ASPERGER-SYNDROME AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have severe difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and/or stereotyped patterns of behavior. Previous studies have suggested that abnormal neural connectivity might be associated with higher information processing dysfunction involving social impairment. However, the white matter structure in ASD is poorly understood. To explore this, we conducted a voxel-based, whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis to determine fractional anisotropy (FA), lambda(1), lambda(2) and lambda(3) in high-functioning children with ASD compared with age-, gender-, and handedness-matched healthy control participants. We then investigated whether DTI parameters were associated with behaviorally measured social function. We found that FA and lambda(1) were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the control group in the white matter around left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), posterior superior temporal sulcus/temporo-parietal junction, right temporal pole, amygdala, superior longitudinal fasciculus, occipitofrontal fasciculus, mid- and left anterior corpus callosum, and mid- and right anterior cingulate cortex. The FA value in the left DLPFC was negatively correlated with the degree of social impairment in children with ASD. Higher values were observed in the cerebellar vermis lobules in the ASD group. The white matter alterations in children with ASD were around cortical regions that play important roles in social cognition and information integration. These DTI results and their relationship to social impairment add to evidence of cerebral and cerebellar white matter structural abnormalities in ASD. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Noriuchi, Madoka; Kamio, Yoko] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. [Kikuchi, Yoshiaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Div Frontier Hlth Sci, Grad Sch, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Yoshiura, Takashi] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Clin Radiol, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Kira, Ryutaro] Natl Fukuoka Higashi Med Ctr, Fukuoka, Japan. [Kira, Ryutaro; Hara, Toshiro] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Shigeto, Hiroshi] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Neurol Inst, Dept Neurol, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Tobimatsu, Shozo] Kyushu Univ, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Grad Sch Med Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Noriuchi, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Natl Inst Mental Hlth, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan. EM mnoriuchi@ndnp.go.jp FU Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health; Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society; Japan Science and Technology Agency FX This work was supported by the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency as well as the Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health. 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PD NOV 29 PY 2010 VL 1362 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.051 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 685ZU UT WOS:000284667400015 PM 20858472 ER PT J AU Mondal, S Swaroop, S Gurunath, R Verma, S AF Mondal, Sudipta Swaroop, Shiv Gurunath, Ramanathan Verma, Sandeep TI A synthetic ditryptophan conjugate that rescues bacteria from mercury toxicity through complexation SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tryptophan conjugate; Mercury sequestration; Mercury sensing; Fluorescence; Self assembly ID OPTICAL-DETECTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METAL-IONS; PEPTIDE; FLUORESCENCE; TRYPTOPHAN; AUTISM; SENSOR; NEUROTOXICITY; COORDINATION AB The synthesis of ditryptophan-pyridine conjugates and their binding to mercury ions is described. Conjugate 3 shows an excellent ability to sequester mercury from solution and rescue bacterial growth in a concentration-dependent survival assay. It is proposed that such compounds, composed primarily of bioessential/biodegradable components, could be potentially used as sequestrating agents for the removal of Hg(II) ions in detoxification strategies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mondal, Sudipta; Gurunath, Ramanathan; Verma, Sandeep] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Gurunath, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM gurunath@iitk.ac.in; sverma@iitk.ac.in RI Ramanathan, Gurunath/B-4757-2011 OI Ramanathan, Gurunath/0000-0003-4627-1677 FU CSIR; DST FX S.M. and S.S. thank the CSIR for senior research fellowship. This work is supported through DST projects to S.V. (Swarnajayanti Fellowship) and R.G. 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PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 47 BP 6111 EP 6115 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.047 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 682XD UT WOS:000284435400011 ER PT J AU Dali, CI Hanson, LG Barton, NW Fogh, J Nair, N Lund, AM AF Dali, C. I. Hanson, L. G. Barton, N. W. Fogh, J. Nair, N. Lund, A. M. TI Brain N-acetylaspartate levels correlate with motor function in metachromatic leukodystrophy SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTON MR SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; WHITE-MATTER DISORDERS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; AUTISM SPECTRUM; CEREBRAL-PALSY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IN-VIVO; SYSTEM; ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY AB Background: Late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that causes severe demyelination of the nervous system. The neuronal metabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA) serves as a source of acetyl groups for myelin lipid synthesis in oligodendrocytes and is known as a marker for neuronal and axonal loss. NAA and other metabolite levels measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) correlate with performance of the brain in normal children. There is a need for sensitive measures of disease progression in patients with MLD to enable development of future treatments. Methods: A cross-section of 13 children with late infantile MLD were examined by proton MRS. Signals from NAA, total choline, and total creatine in the deep white matter were measured and correlated with the results of cognitive and motor function tests. Results: The NAA signal decreased as the disease process advanced. Motor function, measured by the Gross Motor Function Measure-88, varied from 13 (only head movement in the supine position) to 180 (able to walk) across the study cohort, demonstrating a wide range in functional status. Similarly, varied decreases were observed in cognitive function. We report strong positive correlations between standardized measures of motor and cognitive function and NAA levels in the deep white matter. Conclusions: We suggest that NAA levels could serve as a sensitive biomarker in children with MLD. Proton MRS may provide a valuable tool for measuring the effects of treatment interventions in this disorder. Neurology (R) 2010;75:1896-1903 C1 [Dali, C. I.; Lund, A. M.] Rigshosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hanson, L. G.] Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen Univ Hosp Hvidovre, Danish Res Ctr Magnet Resonance, Lyngby, Denmark. [Hanson, L. G.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Electro, Lyngby, Denmark. [Barton, N. W.; Nair, N.] Shire Human Genet Therapies Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Fogh, J.] Zymenex AS, DVM, Hillerod, Denmark. RP Dali, CI (reprint author), Rigshosp, Dept Clin Genet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM cid@dadlnet.dk RI Hanson, Lars/E-8562-2010 OI Hanson, Lars/0000-0002-8204-6912 FU European Union; Genzyme Corporation; Shire plc; Zymenex A/S FX Dr. I Dali serves on a scientific advisory board for Shire plc and has received institutional research support from Shire plc and Zymenex A/S. Dr. Hanson may accrue revenue on a patent re: Method for recording EEG during MRI; and serves as a consultant for Shire plc and Zymenex A/S. Dr. Barton is an employee of and holds stock options in Shire plc. Dr. Fogh is an employee of and holds stock/stock options in Zymenex A/S; may accrue revenue on patents re: Porphyria, MLD, and alpha-Mannosidosis; and has received research support from the European Union. Dr. Nair is an employee of Shire plc. Dr. Lund has served on scientific advisory boards and as a consultant for Shire plc, Zymenex A/S, and Genzyme Corporation; has recceived funding for travel from Genzyme Corporation and Shire plc; and receives research support from Shire plc and Genzyme Corporation. 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TI MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, elicits circling behavior in the genetically inbred Balb/c mouse strain SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NMDA receptor; MK-801 (dizocilpine); Balb/c mouse; Circling; Schizophrenia; Autism ID LOW SOCIABILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MICE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; HYPOTHESIS; RELEVANCE; GLYCINE; AUTISM; DIFFER AB The Balb/c mouse is behaviorally hypersensitive to effects of MK-801 (dizocilpine) a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and displays impaired sociability In the current investigation MK-801-elicited circling behavior in the genetically Inbred Balb/c mouse strain that was either not or only minimally observed in similarly treated outbred Swiss-Webster mice The ability of compounds to attenuate the intensity of MK-801-elicited circling behavior in the Balb/c mouse strain may serve as a preclinical screening paradigm for identifying effective NMDA receptor agonist interventions in the intact animal ideally these compounds would have therapeutic value in neuropsychiatric disorders associated with impaired sociability such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Burket, Jessica A.; Cannon, William R.; Jacome, Luis F.; Deutsch, Stephen I.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. 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For the majority of cases there are no reliable biomarkers or distinct pathogenesis. However, increasing evidence indicates ASD may be associated with some immune dysregulation, and may have a neuroimmune component. We recently showed that the peptide neurotensin (NT) is increased in autistic children. We now show that NT induces release of extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that could act as "autoimmune" trigger. We further show that serum from young autistic patients contains mtDNA (n = 20; cytochrome B, p = 0.0002 and 7S, p = 0.006), and anti-mitochondrial antibody Type 2 (n = 14; p = 0.001) as compared to normally developing, unrelated controls (n = 12). Extracellular blood mtDNA and other components may characterize an autistic endophenotype and may contribute to its pathogenesis by activating autoimmune responses. C1 [Zhang, Bodi; Angelidou, Asimenia; Alysandratos, Konstantinos-Dionysios; Vasiadi, Magdalini; Asadi, Shahrzad; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lab Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Zhang, Bodi; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Angelidou, Asimenia; Alysandratos, Konstantinos-Dionysios; Vasiadi, Magdalini; Sideri, Kyriaki; Kalogeromitros, Dimitrios; Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Attikon Gen Hosp, Allergy Clin Res Ctr,Allergy Sect, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Francis, Konstantinos; Lykouras, Lefteris] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Attikon Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat 2, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Theoharides, Athanasios] Inst Social Hlth Insurance IKA, Dept Pediat & Otorhinolaryngol, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Theoharides, TC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lab Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Theoharis.Theoharides@tufts.edu RI Zhang, Bodi/G-6452-2010 FU Theta Biomedical Consulting and Development Co., Inc.; Autism Research Collaborative; Galenica, SA (Athens, Greece); Hellenic State Scholarships Foundation (Athens, Greece) FX This work was funded by Theta Biomedical Consulting and Development Co., Inc. (Brookline, MA) and in part by the Autism Research Collaborative. Thanks are due to Drs. D. Metcaffle and A. Kirshenbaum (NIH, USA) for kindly providing the LAD2 cells, and Biovitrum (Sweden) for their generous gift of rhSCF. Bodi Zhang is partially supported by a graduate fellowship from Galenica, SA (Athens, Greece). Asimenia Angelidou and Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos are recipients of scholarships for post-graduate studies from the Hellenic State Scholarships Foundation (Athens, Greece). CR Atladottir HO, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V124, P687, DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-2445 Chan DC, 2006, CELL, V125, P1241, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.010 Comi AM, 1999, J CHILD NEUROL, V14, P388, DOI 10.1177/088307389901400608 Goines P, 2010, CURR OPIN NEUROL, V23, P111, DOI 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283373514 Gui XY, 2001, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V120, P151, DOI 10.1053/gast.2001.20876 Gui XY, 2004, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V287, pG408, DOI 10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2003 Haas RH, 2010, DEV DISABIL RES REV, V16, P144, DOI 10.1002/ddrr.112 Haas RH, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V120, P1326, DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-0391 Haas RH, 2008, MOL GENET METAB, V94, P16, DOI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.11.018 Kogan MD, 2009, PEDIATRICS, V5, P1395 Li XH, 2009, J NEUROIMMUNOL, V207, P111, DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002 Palmieri L, 2010, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1797, P1130, DOI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.018 PAPANIKOLAOU K, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V39, P414 Rossignol DA, 2009, ANN CLIN PSYCHIATRY, V21, P213 Shoffner J, 2010, J CHILD NEUROL, V25, P429, DOI 10.1177/0883073809342128 Angelidou A, 2010, J NEUROINFLAMM, V7, DOI 10.1186/1742-2094-7-48 Theoharides TC, 2009, EXPERT OPIN PHARMACO, V10, P2127, DOI 10.1517/14656560903107789 Theoharides TC, 2008, TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI, V29, P375, DOI 10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.002 Twig G, 2008, BBA-BIOENERGETICS, V1777, P1092, DOI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.05.001 VANDEWATER J, 1989, NEW ENGL J MED, V320, P1377, DOI 10.1056/NEJM198905253202104 Volkmar FR, 2009, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V50, P108, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02010.x Weissman JR, 2008, PLOS ONE, V3, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003815 Yousefi S, 2009, CELL DEATH DIFFER, V16, P1438, DOI 10.1038/cdd.2009.96 Zhang Q, 2010, NATURE, V464, P104, DOI 10.1038/nature08780 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-2094 J9 J NEUROINFLAMM JI J. Neuroinflamm. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 80 DI 10.1186/1742-2094-7-80 PG 5 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 694HU UT WOS:000285286600001 PM 21083929 ER PT J AU Fuentes, CT Mostofsky, SH Bastian, AJ AF Fuentes, Christina T. Mostofsky, Stewart H. Bastian, Amy J. TI Perceptual reasoning predicts handwriting impairments in adolescents with autism SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; CHILDREN AB Background: We have previously shown that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have specific handwriting deficits consisting of poor form, and that these deficits are predicted by their motor abilities. It is not known whether the same handwriting impairments persist into adolescence and whether they remain linked to motor deficits. Methods: A case-control study of handwriting samples from adolescents with and without ASD was performed using the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment. Samples were scored on an individual letter basis in 5 categories: legibility, form, alignment, size, and spacing. Subjects were also administered an intelligence test and the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle (Motor) Signs (PANESS). Results: We found that adolescents with ASD, like children, show overall worse performance on a handwriting task than do age-and intelligence-matched controls. Also comparable to children, adolescents with ASD showed motor impairments relative to controls. However, adolescents with ASD differ from children in that Perceptual Reasoning Indices were significantly predictive of handwriting performance whereas measures of motor skills were not. Conclusions: Like children with ASD, adolescents with ASD have poor handwriting quality relative to controls. Despite still demonstrating motor impairments, in adolescents perceptual reasoning is the main predictor of handwriting performance, perhaps reflecting subjects' varied abilities to learn strategies to compensate for their motor impairments. Neurology (R) 2010;75:1825-1829 C1 [Fuentes, Christina T.; Mostofsky, Stewart H.; Bastian, Amy J.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Fuentes, Christina T.; Bastian, Amy J.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mostofsky, Stewart H.; Bastian, Amy J.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bastian, AJ (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, 707 N Broadway G05, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM bastian@kennedykrieger.org FU NIH [NINDS R01 NS047781-04, NINDS R01 NS048527, NIMH 5 R01 MH078160-03, NICHD P50 HD052121-03, NICHD/NCMRR R01 HD040289, NICHD/NCMRR R01 HD048741, NINDS R21 NS061189, NICHD/NCMRR R21 HD060169, R01 NS048527]; Autism Speaks; Johns Hopkins Brain Sciences Institute; Basic Clinical Science awards FX Supported by an Autism Speaks Pre-Doctoral Fellowship (A.J.B. and C. T. F.), Basic Clinical Science awards (S. H. M.), and NIH Grant R01 NS048527 (S. H. M.).Dr. Fuentes reports no disclosures. Dr. Mostofsky has served on a scientific advisory for Bristol-Myers Squibb; serves on the editorial board of Neurocase; and receives research support from the NIH (NINDS R01 NS047781-04 [PI], NINDS R01 NS048527 [PI], NIMH 5 R01 MH078160-03 [PI], and NICHD P50 HD052121-03 [coinvestigator]) and Autism Speaks. Dr. Bastian serves as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Neurophysiology and receives research support from the NIH (NICHD/NCMRR R01 HD040289 [PI], NICHD/NCMRR R01 HD048741 [PI], NINDS R21 NS061189 [coinvestigator], and NICHD/NCMRR R21 HD060169 [coinvestigator]), the Johns Hopkins Brain Sciences Institute, and Autism Speaks. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P69 DENCKLA MB, 1985, PSYCHOPHARMACOL BULL, V21, P773 Feder KP, 2007, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V49, P312 Fuentes CT, 2009, NEUROLOGY, V73, P1532, DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c0d48c Ghaziuddin M, 1998, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V42, P43, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1998.00065.x Jansiewicz EM, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P613, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0109-y Mottron L, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P19, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000018070.88380.83 Reisman J., 1999, MINNESOTA HANDWRITIN NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 75 IS 20 BP 1825 EP 1829 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fd633d PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 680EO UT WOS:000284215400013 PM 21079184 ER PT J AU Hernaez-Goni, P Tirapu-Ustarroz, J Iglesias-Fernandez, L Luna-Lario, P AF Hernaez-Goni, Pilar Tirapu-Ustarroz, Javier Iglesias-Fernandez, Lola Luna-Lario, Pilar TI The role of the cerebellum in the regulation of affection, emotion and behaviour SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA Spanish DT Review DE Attention deficit; Autism; Bipolar disorder; Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome; Major depression; Pathological laughter and crying; Schizophrenia; Vermis ID COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PATHOLOGICAL LAUGHTER; SUPERFICIAL SIDEROSIS; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; VERMIS; NEUROANATOMY; DYSMETRIA AB Introduction. In recent decades there has been a significant increase in the number of articles that have drawn attention to the possible importance of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions. Schmahmann and Sherman, for example, have described the cognitive, behavioural and emotional pattern of what has been called cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. A central aspect of this disorder is the dysregulation of affect that occurs when lesions involve what has been called the limbic cerebellum (mainly the vermis). Development. A non-systematic review of the most important literature on the role of the cerebellum in emotional and behavioural regulation was carried out. Two lines of analysis were followed. The first of them was the study of the psychopathological symptoms or neuropsychiatric disorders presented by patients suffering from different cerebellar pathologies ranging from congenital pathologies such as agenesis of the cerebellum, dysplasia or hypoplasia to other acquired diseases like tumours in the posterior fossa, cerebellitis or superficial siderosis. In such cases it has been seen that when the cerebellar vermis is compromised, patients display disorders affecting their behaviour and emotions, and psychiatric pathologies are more frequent. In the second line, we analysed the role played by the cerebellum in different psychopathological disorders in which the structure of the cerebellum was found to be altered. Although not universal, these alterations were consistent, since they involve the cerebellar vermis. Conclusions. 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Neurologia PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 10 BP 597 EP 609 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 680AG UT WOS:000284201700004 PM 21069639 ER PT J AU Fisch, GS Grossfeld, P Falk, R Battaglia, A Youngblom, J Simensen, R AF Fisch, Gene S. Grossfeld, Paul Falk, Rena Battaglia, Agatino Youngblom, Janey Simensen, Richard TI Cognitive-Behavioral Features of Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome and Other Subtelomeric Microdeletions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; subtelomeric deletions; intellectual disability; mental retardation; autism; Jacobsen syndrome; deletion 2q37; inversion duplication deletion 8p21-23 ID GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; TERMINAL DELETION DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CRITICAL REGIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; CHILDREN; DISTAL; CGH AB Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a complex congenital malformation produced by a loss of genomic material at the locus 4p16.3. In addition to its dysmorphic features, the deletion produces a range of intellectual disability (ID). Many clinical aspects of WHS are well-characterized; however, the cognitive-behavioral characteristics have been rarely examined in a systematic fashion. The purpose of our study was to examine the cognitive-behavioral features of WHS and to compare them to children with other subtelomeric deletions that also produce ID. We recruited 45 children with subtelomeric deletions and examined their cognitive-behavioral abilities using a neuropsychological assessment battery composed of standardized instruments. Nineteen children were diagnosed with WHS and 26 children with one of three other subtelomeric deletions-11q25 (Jacobsen syndrome), deletion 2q37, and inversion duplication deletion 8p21-23. We found children with WHS to be more severely impacted cognitively than children from any of the other groups. Their overall adaptive behavior was lower as well. However, children with WHS exhibit strengths in socialization skills comparable to the levels attained by the other groups we assessed. Importantly, the proportion of children with WHS with autism or autistic-like features is significantly lower than the rates of autism found in the other subtelomeric disorders we examined. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Fisch, Gene S.] NYU, Coll Nursing, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Fisch, Gene S.] NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Fisch, Gene S.] Yeshiva Univ, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Fisch, Gene S.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Fisch, Gene S.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Fisch, Gene S.] N Shore LIJ Med Ctr, Inst Med Res, Manhasset, NY USA. [Grossfeld, Paul] UCSD Sch Med, San Diego, CA USA. [Falk, Rena] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Falk, Rena] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Cytogenet Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Falk, Rena] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Prenatal Diag Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Battaglia, Agatino] Univ Pisa, Postgrad Med Sch, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Ctr Study Congenital Malformat Syndromes, Pisa, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Clin Dysmorphol Unit, Pisa, Italy. [Youngblom, Janey] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fisch, GS (reprint author), NYU, Coll Nursing, 250 Pk Ave S,6th Floor, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM gene.fisch@nyu.edu FU pediatric cardiology fellowship program; University of California, San Francisco FX Dr. Paul Grossfeld is a board certified pediatric cardiologist and an Associate Adjunct Professor at the UCSD School of Medicine. He saw his first patient with Jacobsen syndrome in 1995 and since has seen over 200 patients. He serves as the chief medical adviser for the 11q Research and Resource group and has published 14 papers on Jacobsen syndrome. He combines his time between between research, clinical practice, and serving as director of the pediatric cardiology fellowship program.Janey Youngblom received her B.A. in Biology and M. S. in Human Genetics and Genetic Counseling from Rutgers University. She received her Ph.D. in Genetics from the University of Minnesota, and conducted a Postdoctoral Fellowship at University of California, San Francisco. She is currently a Professor of Genetics in the Department of Biological Sciences at California State University-Stanislaus, and serves as the Associate Director for the CSU Stanislaus M.S. in Genetic Counseling Program. 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J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 154C IS 4 SI SI BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30279 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 677PV UT WOS:000284005200004 PM 20981770 ER PT J AU Williams, CA AF Williams, Charles A. TI The Behavioral Phenotype of the Angelman Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Angelman syndrome; behavioral phenotype; laughter; UBE3A gene ID DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; PROXIMAL 15Q; SLEEP; AUTISM; UBE3A; INDIVIDUALS; DUPLICATION; POPULATION; DISORDERS; CONSENSUS AB The Angelman syndrome is clinically delineated by the combination of seizures, absent speech, hypermotoric and ataxic movements and certain remarkable behaviors. Those with the syndrome have a predisposition toward apparent happiness and paroxysms of laughter, and this finding helps distinguish Angelman syndrome from other ones involving severe developmental handicap. In this review the core neurological features of the syndrome are discussed with a focus on those behaviors that make Angelman syndrome a prototypical genetic disorder expressing a behavioral phenotype. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Williams, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Genet & Metab, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Williams, CA (reprint author), POB 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM willicx@peds.ufl.edu CR ANGELMAN H, 1965, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V7, P681 Angelman H., 1991, COMMUNICATION Berry RJ, 2005, AM J MED GENET A, V132A, P8, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30154 Bonati MT, 2007, NEUROGENETICS, V8, P169, DOI 10.1007/s10048-007-0086-0 Boyar FZ, 2001, CLIN GENET, V60, P421, DOI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600604.x Bruni O, 2004, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V26, P233, DOI 10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00160-8 BUNTINX IM, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V56, P176, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560213 Cassidy SB, 2000, AM J MED GENET, V97, P136, DOI 10.1002/1096-8628(200022)97:2<136::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-V Clarke DJ, 2000, AM J MENT RETARD, V105, P25, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105<0025:PBAWQA>2.0.CO;2 CLAYTONSMITH J, 1992, J MED GENET, V29, P412, DOI 10.1136/jmg.29.6.412 CLAYTONSMITH J, 2001, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V43, P467 CLAYTONSMITH J, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P12, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460105 Conant KD, 2009, EPILEPSIA, V50, P2497, DOI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02109.x Cook EH, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V60, P928 Didden R, 2008, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V33, P59, DOI 10.1080/13668250701872126 DYKENS EM, 1995, AM J MENT RETARD, V99, P522 ELIAN M, 1975, CLIN PEDIATR, V14, P902, DOI 10.1177/000992287501401003 Feinstein C, 2007, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, V16, P631, DOI 10.1016/j.chc.2007.03.006 Greer PL, 2010, CELL, V140, P704, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.026 Guerrini R, 1996, ANN NEUROL, V40, P39, DOI 10.1002/ana.410400109 Horsler K, 2006, AM J MENT RETARD, V111, P311, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[311:EIOTBP]2.0.CO;2 Horsler K, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00730.x Jiang YH, 1999, AM J HUM GENET, V65, P1, DOI 10.1086/302473 KING RA, 1993, AM J MED GENET, V46, P40, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460109 Lossie AC, 2001, J MED GENET, V38, P834, DOI 10.1136/jmg.38.12.834 Moss J, 2009, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V53, P852, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01197.x Oliver C, 2002, AM J MENT RETARD, V107, P194, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2002)107<0194:EOEEOS>2.0.CO;2 OPITZ JM, 1981, COMMUNICATION Pelc K, 2008, SLEEP MED, V9, P434, DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.001 Pelc Karine, 2008, Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, V4, P577 PETERS SU, 2008, INT M AUT RES Sato M, 2010, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V107, P5611, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1001281107 Steffenburg S, 1996, PEDIATR NEUROL, V14, P131, DOI 10.1016/0887-8994(96)00011-2 Strachan R, 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1095, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.03.005 Summers JA, 1999, AM J MENT RETARD, V104, P376, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(1999)104<0376:DPOBFI>2.0.CO;2 SUMMERS JA, 1992, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V13, P284 SUMMERS JA, 1995, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V39, P97 Tai HC, 2010, CELL, V140, P608, DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.019 Trillingsgaard A, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P163, DOI 10.1177/1362361304042720 van Woerden GM, 2007, NAT NEUROSCI, V10, P280, DOI 10.1038/nn1845 Walz NC, 2005, AM J MENT RETARD, V110, P243, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[243:SIIWAS]2.0.CO;2 WILLIAMS CA, 1982, AM J MED GENET, V11, P453, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320110411 Williams CA, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P413, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31074 WILLIAMS CA, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V56, P237, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320560224 Yashiro K, 2009, NAT NEUROSCI, V12, P777, DOI 10.1038/nn.2327 Zhdanova IV, 1999, J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET, V12, P57 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4868 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 154C IS 4 SI SI BP 432 EP 437 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30278 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 677PV UT WOS:000284005200006 PM 20981772 ER PT J AU Battaglia, A Parrini, B Tancredi, R AF Battaglia, Agatino Parrini, Barbara Tancredi, Raffaella TI The Behavioral Phenotype of the Idic(15) Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE idic (15) syndrome; inv dup(15) syndrome; supernumerary marker chromosome 15; behavior phenotype; autism; PDD; ASD ID SUPERNUMERARY MARKER CHROMOSOMES; INV DUP(15) CHROMOSOMES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; AUTISTIC DISORDER; 15Q11-Q13; BREAKPOINTS; EPILEPSY; CHILDREN AB Idic(15) syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder clinically delineated by early central hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, absent or very poor speech, and autistic or autistic-like behavior. It is due to the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome formed by the inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15, resulting in tetrasomy 15p and partial tetrasomy 15q, and containing the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region (PWS/ASCR). The vast majority of these idic(15) derives from the two homologous maternal chromosomes at meiosis. To better define the behavior profile, we studied 22 idic(15) children (15 males and 7 females) observed at our institute between 1986 and 2010, and present, in detail, case studies of five of them. We have been able to perform standardized and semi-standardized measures of intelligence, and psychopathology in only 13 of our 22 patients, due to the limitations of chronological age, and to the severity of ID (ranging from mild-moderate, in 15%, to severe-profound, in 85% of our sample). The results show a distinct developmental profile in idic(15) patients, that may provide a behavioral signature for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/ASD-like arising from the susceptibility locus on proximal 15q; and suggest that idic(15) individuals are not "true autistic," but distinct "autistic-like" persons with high score in the third ADOS-G and ADI-R area. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Clin Dysmorphol Unit, Pisa, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Ctr Study Congenital Malformat Syndromes, Pisa, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Univ Pisa, Postgrad Med Sch, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Battaglia, Agatino; Parrini, Barbara] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. [Tancredi, Raffaella] Univ Pisa, Postgrad Med Sch Child Neuropsychiat, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Battaglia, A (reprint author), Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Via Giacinti 2, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. EM agatino.battaglia@inpe.unipi.it CR *APA, 1995, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P67 Battaglia A, 2008, ORPHANET J RARE DIS, V3, DOI 10.1186/1750-1172-3-30 Battaglia A, 1997, NEUROLOGY, V48, P1081 Battaglia A, 2005, BRAIN DEV-JPN, V27, P365, DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2004.08.006 BLENNOW E, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V55, P85, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320550122 Borgatti R, 2001, PEDIATR NEUROL, V24, P111, DOI 10.1016/S0887-8994(00)00244-7 Browne CE, 1997, AM J HUM GENET, V61, pA30 CHENG SD, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V55, P753 Christian SL, 1999, HUM MOL GENET, V8, P1025, DOI 10.1093/hmg/8.6.1025 Crolla JA, 2005, EUR J HUM GENET, V13, P154, DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201311 CROLLA JA, 1995, HUM GENET, V95, P161 Dennis NR, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P434, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31091 Flejter WL, 1996, AM J MED GENET, V61, P182, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960111)61:2<182::AID-AJMG17>3.0.CO;2-Q GILLBERG C, 1991, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V30, P489, DOI 10.1097/00004583-199105000-00022 Gilliam J, 1995, GILLIAM AUTISM RATIN, P1 Hou JW, 1998, EUR J PEDIATR, V157, P122, DOI 10.1007/s004310050782 Huang B, 1997, HUM GENET, V99, P11 Lalande M, 1996, ANNU REV GENET, V30, P173, DOI 10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.173 LEANACOX J, 1994, AM J HUM GENET, V54, P748 Loitzsch A, 2006, AM J MED GENET A, V140A, P640, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31118 LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Lord C., 2002, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB LUKE S, 1994, AM J MED GENET, V51, P232, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320510312 Makoff AJ, 2007, GENOME BIOL, V8, DOI 10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r114 Maraschio P, 1988, CYTOGENETICS MAMMALI, P615 Rineer S, 1998, AM J MED GENET, V81, P428, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980907)81:5<428::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-E Roberts SE, 2003, AM J HUM GENET, V73, P1061, DOI 10.1086/379155 Robinson Wendy P., 1993, European Journal of Human Genetics, V1, P37 Saitoh S, 2007, CLIN GENET, V72, P378, DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00860.x Schinzel A, 2001, AM J MED GENET, V106, P119, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1576 SCHINZEL A, 1990, AM J MED GENET, V35, P447, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.1320350326 Schinzel A, 1981, HUMAN BEHAV GENETICS, P195 Sparrow S, 1984, VINELAND ADAPTIVE BE Wang NJ, 2004, AM J HUM GENET, V75, P267, DOI 10.1086/422854 Wang NJ, 2008, BMC GENET, V9, DOI 10.1186/1471-2156-9-2 Webb T, 1998, CLIN GENET, V53, P34, DOI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1998.531530107.x WEBB T, 1994, J MED GENET, V31, P585, DOI 10.1136/jmg.31.8.585 WISNIEWSKI L, 1979, HUM GENET, V50, P259, DOI 10.1007/BF00399391 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4868 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 154C IS 4 SI SI BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30281 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 677PV UT WOS:000284005200008 PM 20981774 ER PT J AU Laje, G Morse, R Richter, W Ball, J Pao, M Smith, ACM AF Laje, Gonzalo Morse, Rebecca Richter, William Ball, Jonathan Pao, Maryland Smith, Ann C. M. TI Autism Spectrum Features in Smith-Magenis Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE del 17p11.2; RAI1; microdeletion syndrome; behavioral phenotype; social communication ID SYNDROME DEL 17P11.2; MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; MELATONIN; SLEEP; DELETION AB Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS; OMIM 182290) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a well-defined pattern of anomalies. The majority of cases are due to a common deletion in chromosome 17p11.2 that includes the RAI1 gene. In children with SMS, autistic-like behaviors and symptoms start to emerge around 18 months of age. This study included 26 individuals (15 females and 11 males), with a confirmed deletion (del 17p11.2). Parents/caregivers were asked to complete the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) both current and lifetime versions. The results suggest that 90% of the sample had SRS scores consistent with autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, females showed more impairment in total T-scores (P=0.02), in the social cognition (P=0.01) and autistic mannerisms (P=0.002) subscales. The SCQ scores are consistent to show that a majority of individuals may meet criteria for autism spectrum disorders at some point in their lifetime. These results suggest that SMS needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders but also that therapeutic interventions for autism are likely to benefit individuals with SMS. The mechanisms by which the deletion of RAI1 and contiguous genes cause psychopathology remain unknown but they provide a solid starting point for further studies of gene-brain-behavior interactions in SMS and autism spectrum disorders. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 [Smith, Ann C. M.] NHGRI, Off Clin Director, Div Intramural Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pao, Maryland] NIH, Psychiat Consultat Liaison Serv, Hatfield Clin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Laje, Gonzalo] NIMH, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Laje, Gonzalo; Morse, Rebecca] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Smith, ACM (reprint author), NHGRI, Off Clin Director, Div Intramural Res, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1851,Bldg 10,Room 10C103, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM acmsmith@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Mental Health; National Human Genome Research Institute; NIH; USDHHS FX Grant sponsor: Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, USDHHS. 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