FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bourke-Taylor, H Howie, L Law, M Pallant, JF AF Bourke-Taylor, Helen Howie, Linsey Law, Mary Pallant, Julie F. TI Self-reported mental health of mothers with a school-aged child with a disability in Victoria: A mixed method study SO JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH LA English DT Article DE developmental disability; maternal health; pediatrics ID MATERNAL DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; CEREBRAL-PALSY; PRIMARY-CARE; MALTREATMENT; METAANALYSIS; ASSISTANCE; CAREGIVERS; IMPACT AB Aim: This research investigated the mental health of mothers of school-aged children with disabilities in Victoria, Australia. Methods: A mixed method triangulation design model was used to investigate the mental health of mothers (n = 152) of school-aged children with developmental disabilities. Self-reported medical history and completion of the Short Form Health Survey Version 2 were used to collect data via mail-out survey and follow-up phone interview. Results: Mothers reported subjective mental health two standard deviations below other Australians and higher rates of depression and anxiety that other Australian women and the adult population in general. Half of participants reported that their health affected their ability to provide the care that their child needed, and half experienced frequent interrupted sleep secondary to the care of their child with a disability. Significantly poorer mental health was reported by mothers with a pre-school-aged child as well as a child with a disability (P < 0.001), mothers with more than one child with a disability (P = 0.038), mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (P = 0.026), and mothers who recognised that their health affected care giving (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The reported mental health of participants in this study indicates that further attention is needed to action health strategies to support mothers of children with disabilities. Health programs and policy that will identify mothers in need of assistance, as well as management strategies that will adequately support mental wellness in mothers is required in Australia. C1 [Bourke-Taylor, Helen] Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Sch Primary Hlth Care, Dept Occupat Therapy, Frankston, Vic 3199, Australia. [Howie, Linsey] La Trobe Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. [Pallant, Julie F.] Univ Melbourne, Rural Hlth Acad Ctr, Shepparton, Vic, Australia. [Law, Mary] McMaster Univ, Sch Rehabil Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Law, Mary] McMaster Univ, CanChild Ctr Childhood Disabil Res, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Bourke-Taylor, H (reprint author), Monash Univ, Fac Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Sch Primary Hlth Care, Dept Occupat Therapy, Peninsula Campus,POB 527, Frankston, Vic 3199, Australia. 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Paediatr. Child Health PD FEB PY 2012 VL 48 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02060.x PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 889BT UT WOS:000300049200029 PM 21470330 ER PT J AU O'Connor, K AF O'Connor, K. TI Auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder: A review SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Asperger's syndrome; Auditory processing; Auditory neuroscience ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSES; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; COMPLEX EMOTION RECOGNITION; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; MISMATCH NEGATIVITY MMN; NON-SPEECH SOUNDS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; WHITE-MATTER AB For individuals with autism spectrum disorder or 'ASD' the ability to accurately process and interpret auditory information is often difficult. Here we review behavioural, neurophysiological and imaging literature pertaining to this field with the aim of providing a comprehensive account of auditory processing in ASD, and thus an effective tool to aid further research. Literature was sourced from peer-reviewed journals published over the last two decades which best represent research conducted in these areas. Findings show substantial evidence for atypical processing of auditory information in ASD at behavioural and neural levels. Abnormalities are diverse, ranging from atypical perception of various low-level perceptual features (i.e. pitch, loudness) to processing of more complex auditory information such as prosody. Trends across studies suggest auditory processing impairments in ASD are most likely to present during processing of complex auditory information and are more severe for speech than for non-speech stimuli. The interpretation of these findings with respect to various cognitive accounts of ASD is discussed and suggestions offered for further research. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Commun Disorders, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. RP O'Connor, K (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Commun Disorders, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. 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Biobehav. Rev. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 836 EP 854 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.008 PG 19 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 898MX UT WOS:000300747600008 PM 22155284 ER PT J AU Philip, RCM Dauvermann, MR Whalley, HC Baynham, K Lawrie, SM Stanfield, AC AF Philip, Ruth C. M. Dauvermann, Maria R. Whalley, Heather C. Baynham, Katie Lawrie, Stephen M. Stanfield, Andrew C. TI A systematic review and meta-analysis of the fMRI investigation of autism spectrum disorders SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autism spectrum disorders; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Systematic review; Meta-analysis ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; FIGURES TASK-PERFORMANCE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEURAL BASIS; EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FACE RECOGNITION AB Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the investigation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We carried out a systematic review and ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies of ASD. A disturbance to the function of social brain regions is among the most well replicated finding. Differences in social brain activation may relate to a lack of preference for social stimuli as opposed to a primary dysfunction of these regions. Increasing evidence points towards a lack of effective integration of distributed functional brain regions and disruptions in the subtle modulation of brain function in relation to changing task demands in ASD. Limitations of the literature to date include the use of small sample sizes and the restriction of investigation to primarily high functioning males with autism. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Philip, Ruth C. M.; Dauvermann, Maria R.; Whalley, Heather C.; Baynham, Katie; Lawrie, Stephen M.; Stanfield, Andrew C.] Univ Edinburgh, Div Psychiat, Royal Edinburgh Hosp, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stanfield, Andrew C.] Univ Edinburgh, Patrick Wild Ctr, Royal Edinburgh Hosp, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Stanfield, AC (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Div Psychiat, Royal Edinburgh Hosp, Kennedy Tower, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, Midlothian, Scotland. EM andrew.stanfield@ed.ac.uk FU Medical Research Scotland; Royal Society; Wellcome Trust; Patrick Wild Centre FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. RCMP and KB were funded by a Medical Research Scotland grant awarded to ACS. HCW is supported by a Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship from the Royal Society. During this work ACS was supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Training Fellowship. Further support for this study came from the Patrick Wild Centre. 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Biobehav. Rev. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 901 EP 942 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.008 PG 42 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 898MX UT WOS:000300747600013 PM 22101112 ER PT J AU Leblond, CS Heinrich, J Delorme, R Proepper, C Betancur, C Huguet, G Konyukh, M Chaste, P Ey, E Rastam, M Anckarsater, H Nygren, G Gillberg, IC Melke, J Toro, R Regnault, B Fauchereau, F Mercati, O Lemiere, N Skuse, D Poot, M Holt, R Monaco, AP Jarvela, I Kantojarvi, K Vanhala, R Curran, S Collier, DA Bolton, P Chiocchetti, A Klauck, SM Poustka, F Freitag, CM Waltes, R Kopp, M Duketis, E Bacchelli, E Minopoli, F Ruta, L Battaglia, A Mazzone, L Maestrini, E Sequeira, AF Oliveira, B Vicente, A Oliveira, G Pinto, D Scherer, SW Zelenika, D Delepine, M Lathrop, M Bonneau, D Guinchat, V Devillard, F Assouline, B Mouren, MC Leboyer, M Gillberg, C Boeckers, TM Bourgeron, T AF Leblond, Claire S. 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Bourgeron, Thomas TI Genetic and Functional Analyses of SHANK2 Mutations Suggest a Multiple Hit Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; SCAFFOLDING PROTEIN SHANK3; HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; DE-NOVO MUTATIONS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; RECURRENT MICRODELETIONS; 15Q13.3 MICRODELETIONS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD, little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variations. Here, following the discovery of two de novo SHANK2 deletions by the Autism Genome Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo SHANK2 deletion in a patient with autism. We then sequenced SHANK2 in 455 patients with ASD and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berkel et al. 2010 (n = 396 patients and n = 659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved amino acids in 29 of 851 (3.4%) patients and in 16 of 1,090 (1.5%) controls (P = 0.004, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.23-4.70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in patients were associated with a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P = 0.0013). Interestingly, the three patients with de novo SHANK2 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15q11-q13 previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In two cases, the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor CYFIP1 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in ASD but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model'' for ASD. A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will be necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of ASD. C1 [Leblond, Claire S.; Delorme, Richard; Huguet, Guillaume; Konyukh, Marina; Chaste, Pauline; Ey, Elodie; Toro, Roberto; Fauchereau, Fabien; Mercati, Oriane; Lemiere, Nathalie; Bourgeron, Thomas] Inst Pasteur, CNRS URA Genes Synapses & Cognit 2182, Paris, France. [Leblond, Claire S.; Huguet, Guillaume; Konyukh, Marina; Chaste, Pauline; Ey, Elodie; Toro, Roberto; Fauchereau, Fabien; Mercati, Oriane; Lemiere, Nathalie; Bourgeron, Thomas] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Heinrich, Jutta; Proepper, Christian; Boeckers, Tobias M.] Univ Ulm, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Ulm, Germany. [Delorme, Richard; Mouren, Marie-Christine] Hop Robert Debre, AP HP, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, F-75019 Paris, France. [Betancur, Catalina] INSERM, U952, Paris, France. [Betancur, Catalina] CNRS, UMR 7224, Paris, France. [Betancur, Catalina] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Rastam, Maria] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Lund, Sweden. [Anckarsater, Henrik] Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden. [Nygren, Gudrun; Gillberg, I. Carina; Gillberg, Christopher] Univ Gothenburg, Gillberg Neuropsychiat Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Melke, Jonas] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Skuse, David] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Behav & Brain Sci Unit, London, England. [Poot, Martin] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Holt, Richard; Monaco, Anthony P.] Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. [Jarvela, Irma; Kantojarvi, Katri; Vanhala, Raija] Univ Helsinki, Dept Med Genet, Helsinki, Finland. [Curran, Sarah; Bolton, Patrick] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Acad Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Collier, David A.; Bolton, Patrick] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Chiocchetti, Andreas; Klauck, Sabine M.] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Mol Genome Anal, Heidelberg, Germany. [Poustka, Fritz; Freitag, Christine M.; Waltes, Regina; Kopp, Marnie; Duketis, Eftichia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bacchelli, Elena; Minopoli, Fiorella; Maestrini, Elena] Univ Bologna, Dept Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Ruta, Liliana] Univ Catania, Dept Paediat, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, Catania, Italy. [Battaglia, Agatino] Stella Maris Clin Res Inst Child & Adolescent Neu, Pisa, Italy. [Mazzone, Luigi] Univ Catania, Dept Pediat, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, Catania, Italy. [Sequeira, Ana F.; Oliveira, Barbara; Vicente, Astrid] Inst Nacl Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal. [Sequeira, Ana F.; Oliveira, Barbara; Vicente, Astrid] Gulbenkian Inst Sci, Oeiras, Portugal. [Sequeira, Ana F.; Oliveira, Barbara; Vicente, Astrid] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Biodivers Funct & Integrat Genom, Lisbon, Portugal. [Oliveira, Guiomar] Univ Coimbra, Hosp Pediat Coimbra, Ctr Invest & Formacao Clin, Unidade Neurodesenvolvimento & Autismo, Coimbra, Portugal. [Oliveira, Guiomar] Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, Coimbra, Portugal. [Pinto, Dalila; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Pinto, Dalila; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Zelenika, Diana; Delepine, Marc; Lathrop, Mark] Ctr Natl Genotypage, Evry, France. [Bonneau, Dominique] INSERM U771, Angers, France. [Bonneau, Dominique] CNRS 6214, Angers, France. [Bonneau, Dominique] CHU Angers, Dept Biochim & Genet, Angers, France. [Guinchat, Vincent; Assouline, Brigitte] CADIPA Ctr Ressources Autisme Rhone Alpes, St Egreve, France. [Devillard, Francoise] Hop Couple Enfant, Dept Genet, Grenoble, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U955, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Univ Paris Est, Fac Med, Creteil, France. [Leboyer, Marion] Hop H Mondor A Chenevier, AP HP, Dept Psychiat, Creteil, France. RP Leblond, CS (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, CNRS URA Genes Synapses & Cognit 2182, Paris, France. EM thomasb@pasteur.fr RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Oliveira, Guiomar/I-7255-2013; Poot, Martin/F-9427-2010; Monaco, Anthony/A-4495-2010; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Jarvela, Irma/L-5836-2013 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Monaco, Anthony/0000-0001-7480-3197; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; FU Institut Pasteur; INSERM; APHP; ANR [ANR-08-MNPS-037-01-SynGen]; Neuron-ERANET (EUHF-AUTISM); Fondation Orange; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale; RTRS Sante Mentale (Foundation FondaMental); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [BO1718:3-1, SFB497/B8]; Dutch Foundation for Brain Research (Hersenstichting) [2008(1).34]; Wellcome Trust core [075491/Z/04]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [213997] FX This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur, INSERM, APHP, ANR (ANR-08-MNPS-037-01-SynGen), Neuron-ERANET (EUHF-AUTISM), Fondation Orange, Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale, RTRS Sante Mentale (Foundation FondaMental), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (BO1718:3-1 and SFB497/B8), the Dutch Foundation for Brain Research (Hersenstichting, grant # 2008(1).34), and Wellcome Trust core grant (075491/Z/04). D Pinto is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (# 213997). SW Scherer holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Pathfinder Chair in Genetics and Genomics at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 AR e1002521 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002521 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 898GA UT WOS:000300725500037 PM 22346768 ER PT J AU Wang, RS Li, JG Fang, HZ Tian, MQ Liu, J AF Wang, Ruosi Li, Jingguang Fang, Huizhen Tian, Moqian Liu, Jia TI Individual Differences in Holistic Processing Predict Face Recognition Ability SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE face-specific recognition; holistic processing; composite-face effect; whole-part effect; difference measures; individual differences; face perception; object recognition ID PART-BASED INFORMATION; DEVELOPMENTAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; CONGENITAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; ACQUIRED PROSOPAGNOSIA; VISUAL EXPERIENCE; TEMPORAL CORTEX; PERCEPTION; FEATURES; IMPAIRMENT; TRAITS AB Why do some people recognize faces easily and others frequently make mistakes in recognizing faces? Classic behavioral work has shown that faces are processed in a distinctive holistic manner that is unlike the processing of objects. In the study reported here, we investigated whether individual differences in holistic face processing have a significant influence on face recognition. We found that the magnitude of face-specific recognition accuracy correlated with the extent to which participants processed faces holistically, as indexed by the composite-face effect and the whole-part effect. This association is due to face-specific processing in particular, not to a more general aspect of cognitive processing, such as general intelligence or global attention. This finding provides constraints on computational models of face recognition and may elucidate mechanisms underlying cognitive disorders, such as prosopagnosia and autism, that are associated with deficits in face recognition. C1 [Wang, Ruosi; Li, Jingguang; Fang, Huizhen; Tian, Moqian; Liu, Jia] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jia] Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jia] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mental Hlth, Inst Psychol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. 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Sci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1177/0956797611420575 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 901HS UT WOS:000300955900012 PM 22222218 ER PT J AU Resch, JA Benz, MR Elliott, TR AF Resch, J. Aaron Benz, Michael R. Elliott, Timothy R. TI Evaluating a Dynamic Process Model of Wellbeing for Parents of Children With Disabilities: A Multi-Method Analysis SO REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE children; family caregivers; parent wellbeing ID HEALTH-CARE NEEDS; POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH INVENTORY; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY; LIFE SATISFACTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FAMILIES; INDIVIDUALS; CAREGIVERS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible determinants of parent wellbeing using a contextual model of parent adjustment. Method: One hundred forty parents of children with various disabilities (i.e., autism, intellectual disabilities, and other health impairments) participated in this investigation. Parents completed a survey consisting of basic demographic characteristics of the parent, child-disability characteristics, parent problem solving ability, access to information and resources, environmental/social supports, appraisals of threat and growth, and measures of life satisfaction and physical/mental health. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test a hypothesized contextual model of parent wellbeing. Results: Results indicated strong fit to the a priori model. After controlling for the contribution of parent demographic variables, the largest contributors to the prediction of parent wellbeing were parent problem solving ability, access to resources, environmental/social supports, and parent appraisals of threat. Child functional impairment was not significantly associated with parent wellbeing. Conclusions: Access to resources and environmental/social supports have a greater direct effect on parent wellbeing than parent and child demographic variables and disability severity. Threat appraisals have direct and mediating effects on parent wellbeing. Implications related to the importance of resources and environmental/social supports, appraisals of threat and growth, and problem solving abilities on the wellbeing of parents of children with disabilities are discussed. C1 [Resch, J. Aaron; Benz, Michael R.; Elliott, Timothy R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Benz, Michael R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Disabil & Dev, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Elliott, TR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, 4225 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1002/bin.1335 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 894TG UT WOS:000300449200001 ER PT J AU Nuernberger, JE Smith, CA Czapar, KN Klatt, KP AF Nuernberger, Jodi E. Smith, Cierra A. Czapar, Kelly N. Klatt, Kevin P. TI ASSESSING PREFERENCE FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION IN CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AUTISM SO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article ID ASSESSMENTS AB In this study, preference for social interaction was investigated for three young children diagnosed with autism. The study consisted of conducting a multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment to determine a hierarchy of preference for the interactions and conducting a reinforcer assessment. Results showed several types of social interaction functioned as reinforcers. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nuernberger, Jodi E.; Smith, Cierra A.; Czapar, Kelly N.; Klatt, Kevin P.] Univ Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Klatt, KP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Eau Claire, 105 Garfield Ave, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. EM klattkp@uwec.edu CR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Carr JE, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P353, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-353 DeLeon IG, 1996, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V29, P519, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-519 Engel-Yeger B, 2009, AM J OCCUP THER, V63, P89 Graff RB, 2003, BEHAV MODIF, V27, P470, DOI 10.1177/0145445503255602 Graff RB, 2011, BEHAV INTERVENT, V26, P125, DOI 10.1002/bin.325 Groskreutz MP, 2009, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V3, P113, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.04.007 Hanley GP, 1997, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V30, P459, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-459 Kanner L., 1985, CLASSIC READINGS AUT, P11 King G, 2004, CHILDRENS ASSESSMENT Lee MSH, 2010, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V43, P95, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-95 Roscoe EM, 1999, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V32, P479, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1999.32-479 Smaby K, 2007, BEHAV INTERVENT, V22, P311, DOI 10.1002/bin.242 Taravella CC, 2000, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V33, P105, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-105 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1072-0847 J9 BEHAV INTERVENT JI Behav. Intervent. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1002/bin.1336 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 894TG UT WOS:000300449200003 ER PT J AU Abel, L AF Abel, Lucy TI New mechanism behind autism immune dysfunction identified SO BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE LA English DT News Item CR Bailey AR, 2012, FASEB J, V26, P1040, DOI 10.1096/fj.11-195438 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1752-0363 J9 BIOMARK MED JI Biomark. Med. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 896UW UT WOS:000300597900009 ER PT J AU Law, J Plunkett, CC Stringer, H AF Law, James Plunkett, Charlene C. Stringer, Helen TI Communication interventions and their impact on behaviour in the young child: A systematic review SO CHILD LANGUAGE TEACHING & THERAPY LA English DT Review DE behaviour; child communication; intervention; systematic review ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE INTERVENTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIORS; AUTISM; SKILLS; DISABILITIES; IMPAIRMENT; DISORDERS; ATTENTION AB Speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) and social, emotional and behaviour difficulties (SEBD) commonly overlap, yet we know relatively little about the mechanism linking the two, specifically to what extent it is possible to reduce behaviour difficulties by targeted communication skills. The EPPI Centre systematic review methodology was applied to the intervention literature related to primary school aged children with both SLCN and SEBD. Studies were graded for study quality. Nineteen studies including 148 children met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was high in terms of symptoms, methodology, interventions and outcomes. All studies reported positive effects of intervention on both communication and behavioural outcomes although the majority were graded as being of relatively low quality. Despite study limitations the findings suggest that this is a promising direction of enquiry. There remain many gaps in the evidence, for example study quality needs to improve, comparative work is rare and it is difficult to use these interventions to reflect on the type of systemic classroom models of service delivery recommended for many of these children. The results have implications for both clinical practice and further research. C1 [Law, James] Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Stringer, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Sch Educ Commun & Language Sci, Dept Speech & Language Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Law, J (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Hlth & Soc, St Thomas St, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM j.law@ncl.ac.uk CR Adi Y, 2007, 1 U WARW Baird J, 2000, Q REV BIOL, V75, P17, DOI 10.1086/393256 Barkley RA, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V121, P65, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 Beilinson JS, 2003, LANG SPEECH HEAR SER, V34, P154, DOI 10.1044/0161-1461(2003/013) Benner GJ, 2002, J EMOT BEHAV DISORD, V10, P43, DOI 10.1177/106342660201000105 Bercow J., 2008, BERCOW REPORT REV SE Botting N, 2000, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V16, P105, DOI 10.1191/026565900668565128 Boyle J, 2010, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V52, P994, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03750.x Bradshaw P, 2010, GROWING SCOTLAND CHI Carter C. 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Teach. Ther. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 7 EP 23 DI 10.1177/0265659011414214 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA 898LV UT WOS:000300744800001 ER PT J AU Muskett, T Body, R Perkins, M AF Muskett, Tom Body, Richard Perkins, Mick TI Uncovering the dynamic in static assessment interaction SO CHILD LANGUAGE TEACHING & THERAPY LA English DT Article DE static assessment; dynamic assessment; picture naming; conversation analysis; autism; zone of proximal development AB Traditional approaches to standardized assessment are underpinned by the assumption that between-assessor variation in delivery can effectively be eliminated. However, fine-grained analyses of the administration of such assessments (e.g. Maynard and Marlaire, 1992) have established that significant subtle interactional variations occur even in procedures with regimented protocols, and that such variations can demonstrably affect examinee performance. In this article we draw upon the Vygotskian thinking that underpins dynamic assessment (DA) to posit that these spontaneous variations may provide clinically relevant information about an examinee's learning potential. To illustrate this possibility, we apply the methodology of conversation analysis to examine a real-life picture-naming task involving a child with autism. Complex interactional processes above and beyond what might be assumed to occur during assessment are identified. In interpreting these as significant for a deeper understanding of the child's profile of abilities, we argue that there is clinical value in empirically re-examining routine assessment from alternative methodological perspectives. C1 [Muskett, Tom; Body, Richard; Perkins, Mick] Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, Sheffield S10 2TA, S Yorkshire, England. RP Muskett, T (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Human Commun Sci, 31 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, S Yorkshire, England. EM t.muskett@sheffield.ac.uk CR Adams C., 2001, ACE 6 11 ASSESSMENT Antaki C, 2000, RES LANG SOC INTERAC, V33, P235, DOI 10.1207/S15327973RLSI3303_1 Antaki C, 1996, DISCOURSE SOC, V7, P293, DOI 10.1177/0957926596007003002 Beeke S, 2008, CLIN LINGUIST PHONET, V22, P317, DOI 10.1080/02699200801918911 Bruner J, 1986, ACTUAL MINDS POSSIBL CAMPIONE JC, 1989, J LEARN DISABIL, V22, P151 Carolyn Taylor, 2000, PRACTISING REFLEXIVI Glaspey A., 2007, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V9, P286, DOI DOI 10.1080/14417040701435418 Hassan N., 2007, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V23, P9 Hasson N, 2010, CHILD LANG TEACH THE, V26, P249, DOI 10.1177/0265659009349982 Hutchby Ian, 2008, CONVERSATION ANAL PR Law J., 2007, ADV SPEECH LANGUAGE, V9, P271 Marlaire C. 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Daczewitz, Marcus TI Evaluation of the Parent-implemented Communication Strategies (PiCS) project using the Multiattribute Utility (MAU) approach SO EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY LA English DT Article DE Program evaluation; Multiattribute utility evaluation; Early childhood intervention ID LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB We conducted a multiattribute utility (MAU) evaluation to assess the Parent-Implemented Communication Strategies (PiCS) project which was funded by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES). In the PiCS project parents of young children with developmental disabilities are trained and coached in their homes on naturalistic and visual teaching strategies to enhance their children's social-pragmatic communication skills. This report focuses on the evaluation process, the application of the MAU approach to evaluate the PiCS project, the results of the evaluation, and a discussion of the benefits and concerns related to the use of the MAU approach to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. C1 [Stoner, Julia B.; Meadan, Hedda; Angell, Maureen E.; Daczewitz, Marcus] Illinois State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Stoner, JB (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Special Educ, Campus Box 5910, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM jbstone@ilstu.edu CR Arthur-Kelly M, 2009, DISABIL REHABIL, V31, P1474, DOI 10.1080/09638280802590629 Barnett DW, 1999, J SPEC EDUC, V33, P177, DOI 10.1177/002246699903300305 Beck J., 1994, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V26, P44 Bell R. 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R., 2001, FAMILY SUPPORT M CHA Wagner M, 2003, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V23, P171, DOI 10.1177/02711214030230040101 Wall ME, 1997, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V32, P213 Zimmerman I., 2002, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S, V4th NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1874-8597 J9 EDUC ASSESS EVAL ACC JI Educ. Assess. Eval. Account. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11092-011-9136-0 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 896XD UT WOS:000300603800005 ER PT J AU Capizzi, AM Da Fonte, AA AF Capizzi, Andrea M. Da Fonte, Al. Alexandra TI Supporting Paraeducators through a Collaborative Classroom Support Plan SO FOCUS ON EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID INCREASING PEER INTERACTIONS; STUDENTS; PARAPROFESSIONALS; DISABILITIES; WORK; PERSONALITY; INTERESTS; PROGRAMS; TEACHERS; OWN AB Ms. Simmons was eager to start her first year of teaching. Last spring, she student taught in a special education resource classroom and was able to work with students with a range of disabilities in a variety of settings. Her mentor teacher Mrs. Jones was quite experienced and made everything look so easy. Mrs. Jones showed Ms. Simmons how she managed student schedules, provided individualized and group instruction, and supported students in the general education setting. Ms. Simmons was even able to work with Ms. Tully, the classroom paraeducator who had worked with Mrs. Jones for 5 years. Overall, Ms. Simmons felt thoroughly prepared for her new role as a special educator working with a caseload of 20 students with disabilities ranging from moderate learning and behavioral disabilities to autism and multiple disabilities; that is, until she learned that she would also have to supervise and manage three paraeducators, one who had vastly more experience working with students than she and two who were brand new to the position. 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EM johannes.kornhuber@uk-erlangen.de RI Kornhuber, Johannes/B-9613-2014 OI Kornhuber, Johannes/0000-0002-8096-3987 CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Baron-Cohen S, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P819, DOI 10.1126/science.1115455 Baron-Cohen S, 2002, TRENDS COGN SCI, V6, P248, DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01904-6 Breedlove SM, 2010, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V151, P4116, DOI 10.1210/en.2010-0041 Kornhuber J, 2011, PLOS ONE, V6, DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0019332 Lehnhardt FG, 2012, FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC, V80, P88, DOI 10.1055/s-0031-1281642 Lenz B, 2012, PROG NEUROBIOL, V96, P136, DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.11.001 Levy SE, 2009, LANCET, V374, P1627, DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61376-3 Miles JH, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P403, DOI 10.1023/A:1025010828304 Zheng ZG, 2011, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V108, P16289, DOI 10.1073/pnas.1108312108 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0720-4299 J9 FORTSCHR NEUROL PSYC JI Forschritte Neurol. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 80 IS 2 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 898PI UT WOS:000300753900009 PM 22278749 ER PT J AU Lehnhardt, FG Gawronski, A Volpert, K Schilbach, L Tepest, R Vogeley, K AF Lehnhardt, F. -G. Gawronski, A. Volpert, K. Schilbach, L. Tepest, R. Vogeley, K. TI Psychosocial Functioning of Adults with Late Diagnosed Autism Spectrum Disorders - A Retrospective Study SO FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE PSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Article DE Asperger syndrome; adulthood; diagnosis late in life; psychosocial functioning ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; QUOTIENT AQ; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; TRAITS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: The first time diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after passing childhood and adolescence is still considered a rare event. However, in recent years an increasing demand for diagnostic clarifications with suspected ASD in adulthood challenges this view. There is insufficient knowledge about the neuropsychological characterisation and psychosocial outcome of this adult subgroup in the autistic spectrum. Aim: To determine the psychosocial functioning (living status, partnerships, level of education, psychiatric history) of adult patients with late diagnosed ASD. Methods: In a retrospective study, a chart review was conducted on 178 consecutively diagnosed individuals at a specialised outpatient clinic for adults with ASD. Global ratings of psychosocial functioning, assessment of psychiatric history and neuropsychological and psychopathological investigations were evaluated. Results: The majority of patients (92%) diagnosed with ASD suffered from high-functioning autism (HFA)/Asperger syndrome (AS) according to the criteria of ICD-10 (F84.5). The gender ratio was 2:1 favouring males. Mean age at diagnosis (34.1 +/- 9.5 years), general intelligence (HAWIE-R, global-IQ 115 +/- 20) and self-rated autistic symptoms (autism spectrum quotient [AQ] 39 +/- 6) were not discriminative to gender. The psychiatric history revealed a lifetime consultation rate of 78%, most frequently with depression (50%). The self-report instrument Beck depression inventory (BDI) identified 30% of individuals presenting with depressive symptoms in clinical relevant intensity (BDI > 17). Achievement of an independent living status was reported by 68% of individuals, 58% reported about current or past intimate partnerships and almost two-thirds of the patients had achieved a higher educational status. Discussion: The majority of ASD diagnosed late in lifetime turned out to be HFA/AS, presenting with high psychosocial adjustment with regard to independent living, educational status and partnerships. 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Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1089/cap.2010.0052 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 897FE UT WOS:000300630700014 PM 22339614 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Must, A Curtin, C Bandini, LG AF Anderson, Sarah E. Must, Aviva Curtin, Carol Bandini, Linda G. TI Meals in Our Household: Reliability and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Child Mealtime Behaviors and Family Mealtime Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EATING BEHAVIOR; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; FEEDING PRACTICES; FOOD SELECTIVITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIET QUALITY; PROJECT EAT; ADOLESCENTS; PATTERNS AB Mealtimes in families with young children are increasingly of interest to nutrition and public health researchers, yet assessment tools are limited. Meals in Our Household is a new parent-report questionnaire that measures six domains: 1) structure of family meals, 2) problematic child mealtime behaviors, 3) use of food as reward, 4) parental concern about child diet, 5) spousal stress related to child's mealtime behavior, and 6) influence of child's food preferences on what other family members eat. Reliability and initial face, construct, and discriminant validity of the questionnaire were evaluated between January 2007 and December 2009 in two cross-sectional studies comprising a total of 305 parents of 3- to 11-year-old children (including 53 children with autism spectrum disorders). Internal consistencies (Cronbach's a) for the six domains averaged.77 across both studies. Test retest reliability, assessed among a subsample of 44 parents who repeated the questionnaire after between 10 and 30 days, was excellent (Spearman correlations for the domain scores between two administrations ranged from 0.80 to 0.95). Initial construct validity of the instrument was supported by observation of hypothesized inter-relationships between domain scores that were of the same direction and similar magnitude in both studies. Consistent with discriminant validity, children with autism spectrum disorders had statistically significantly (P<0.05) higher domain scores for problematic child mealtime behaviors, use of food as reward, parental concern about child diet, and spousal stress, as compared to typically developing children. Meals in Our Household may be a useful tool for researchers studying family mealtime environments and children's mealtime behaviors. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:276-284. C1 [Anderson, Sarah E.] Ohio State Univ, Div Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Must, Aviva] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Curtin, Carol; Bandini, Linda G.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, EK Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. 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Acad. Nutr. Diet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 112 IS 2 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.035 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 897MV UT WOS:000300655700010 PM 22741169 ER PT J AU Seneff, S Davidson, R Mascitelli, L AF Seneff, Stephanie Davidson, Robert Mascitelli, Luca TI Might cholesterol sulfate deficiency contribute to the development of autistic spectrum disorder? SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; SULFOTRANSFERASE SULT2B1B; VITAMIN-D; ASTHMA; FILAGGRIN; DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; DISRUPTION; HYPOTHESIS AB Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, often associated with compromised immune function. There has been considerable concern recently that the incidence of autism is alarmingly on the rise, especially in Western nations, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. In this paper, we propose a novel hypothesis for a principle cause of autism, namely insufficient supply of cholesterol sulfate to the fetus during gestation and the infant postnatally. We hypothesize that main contributory factors are insufficient sun exposure and insufficient dietary sulfur, for both the mother and the affected child. A novel contribution is the theory that endothelial nitric oxide synthase produces not only nitric oxide but also sulfate, and that sulfate production is stimulated by sunlight. We further hypothesize that the sulfur shortage manifests as an impaired immune response, including an increased susceptibility to eczema and asthma. Proposed corrective measures involve increased dietary sulfur intake for both the mother and the child, and increased sun exposure. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mascitelli, Luca] Comando Brigata Alpina Julia, Med Serv, I-33100 Udine, Italy. 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Hypotheses PD FEB PY 2012 VL 78 IS 2 BP 351 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.11.009 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 898KP UT WOS:000300741600038 PM 22154541 ER PT J AU Edwards, MJ Lang, AE Bhatia, KP AF Edwards, Mark J. Lang, Anthony E. Bhatia, Kailash P. TI Stereotypies: A critical appraisal and suggestion of a clinically useful definition SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Review DE Stereotypies; Tics; Definition ID REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; MOTOR STEREOTYPIES; CHILDREN; DYSKINESIAS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; AUTISM AB The foundations of the clinical classification of movement disorders rest on the precise definition of the words used to describe the disorders. Here we argue that the current use of the term stereotypy falls well short of the precision needed for either clinical or academic use, and fails both to provide a clinically useful diagnostic category and to define a set of conditions that are linked pathophysiologically. The difficulty in defining this concept is not a new one as our review of the history of the term demonstrates. We synthesise this historical background, explore why clinicians have felt it necessary to use the category of stereotypy for certain movements rather than the related category of tics, discuss the multiple uses of the term in current research and clinical practice and on this basis suggest a new definition and classification. (C) 2011 Movement Disorder Society C1 [Edwards, Mark J.; Bhatia, Kailash P.] UCL Inst Neurol, Sobell Dept Motor Neurosci & Movement Disorders, London, England. [Lang, Anthony E.] Toronto Western Hosp, Movement Disorders Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Lang, Anthony E.] Toronto Western Hosp, Edmond J Safra Program Parkinsons Dis, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. RP Bhatia, KP (reprint author), UCL, Inst Neurol, Sobell Dept, London WC1N 3BG, England. 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Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1002/mds.23994 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 894LW UT WOS:000300429200003 PM 22161914 ER PT J AU Russ, SA Larson, K Halfon, N AF Russ, Shirley A. Larson, Kandyce Halfon, Neal TI A National Profile of Childhood Epilepsy and Seizure Disorder SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizure disorder; children ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED EPILEPSY; ROLANDIC EPILEPSY; RISK-FACTORS; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; LEARNING-DISABILITY; UNPROVOKED SEIZURES; PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY; CHILDRENS HEALTH; PREVALENCE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine sociodemographics, patterns of comorbidity, and function of US children with reported epilepsy/seizure disorder. METHODS: Bivariate and multivariable cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Survey of Children's Health (2007) on 91 605 children ages birth to 17 years, including 977 children reported by their parents to have been diagnosed with epilepsy/seizure disorder. RESULTS: Estimated lifetime prevalence of epilepsy/seizure disorder was 10.2/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.7-11.8) or 1%, and of current reported epilepsy/seizure disorder was 6.3/1000 (95% CI: 4.9-7.8). Epilepsy/seizure disorder prevalence was higher in lower-income families and in older, male children. Children with current reported epilepsy/seizure disorder were significantly more likely than those never diagnosed to experience depression (8% vs 2%), anxiety (17% vs 3%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (23% vs 6%), conduct problems (16% vs 3%), developmental delay (51% vs 3%), autism/autism spectrum disorder (16% vs 1%), and headaches (14% vs 5%) (all P < .05). They had greater risk of limitation in ability to do things (relative risk: 9.22; 95% CI: 7.56-11.24), repeating a school grade (relative risk: 2.59; CI: 1.52-4.40), poorer social competence and greater parent aggravation, and were at increased risk of having unmet medical and mental health needs. Children with prior but not current seizures largely had intermediate risk. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationally representative sample, children with seizures were at increased risk for mental health, developmental, and physical comorbidities, increasing needs for care coordination and specialized services. Children with reported prior but not current seizures need further study to establish reasons for their higher than expected levels of reported functional limitations. Pediatrics 2012;129:256-264 C1 [Russ, Shirley A.; Larson, Kandyce] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Acad Primary Care Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Russ, Shirley A.; Larson, Kandyce; Halfon, Neal] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Larson, Kandyce; Halfon, Neal] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Halfon, Neal] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Halfon, Neal] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Affairs, Dept Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Russ, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Healthier Children Families & Communities, 10990 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 900, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. 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Lee, Li-Ching Kaufmann, Christopher N. Zimmerman, Andrew W. TI Co-occurring Conditions and Change in Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; co-occurring conditions; diagnosis change ID COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDREN; AGE; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; STABILITY; VALIDITY; EPILEPSY; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate descriptive characteristics and co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in young children, children, and adolescents with a current and consistent or past but not current (PBNC) diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how such characteristics and conditions may engender a change in diagnosis of an ASD. METHODS: Cross-sectional data of 1366 children with a parent-reported current or PBNC ASD diagnosis were obtained from the National Survey of Children's Health 2007 data set across 3 developmental stages: young children (aged 3-5 years), children (aged 6-11 years), and adolescents (aged 12-17 years). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine demographic characteristics and co-occurring conditions that differentiate the groups with a current ASD from groups with a PBNC ASD. RESULTS: Results indicated the co-occurring conditions that distinguish groups currently diagnosed with an ASD from groups with a PBNC ASD diagnosis. In young children, current moderate/severe learning disability, and current moderate/severe developmental delay; in children, past speech problem, current moderate/severe anxiety, and past hearing problem; and in adolescents, current moderate/severe speech problem, current mild seizure/epilepsy, and past hearing problem. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the presence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions are associated with a change in ASD diagnosis. Questions remain as to whether changes in diagnosis of an ASD are due to true etiologic differences or shifts in diagnostic determination. Pediatrics 2012;129:e305-e316 C1 [Close, Heather A.; Lee, Li-Ching; Kaufmann, Christopher N.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Autism & Dev Disabil Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zimmerman, Andrew W.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Children, Lurie Family Autism Ctr, Lexington, MA USA. RP Close, HA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth E6036, Ctr Autism & Dev Disabil Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. 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Rogers, Karen C. Carson, Melissa C. Sherer, Sara Hudson, Bradley O. TI Opportunities Arising From Transformation From Treatment as Usual to Evidence-Based Practice SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE evidence-based practice; empirically supported treatment; children; mental health; psychology ID CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY; ETHNIC-MINORITY YOUTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; STATE IMPLEMENTATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM; PSYCHOLOGY; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; COMORBIDITY; FAMILIES AB Is it possible to transform a children's mental health agency from an eclectic, treatment-as-usual approach to clinical care to a program based on evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP), within one year? Facing a fiscal mandate to transition the vast majority of clinical services to empirically supported treatments, an urban children's mental health center successfully implemented rapid and dramatic change. In the process, opportunities including enhanced training for staff and trainees; provision of research-based services to children, youth, and families; and leadership roles for clinicians resulted in an improved system of care and training milieu. Further, the transformed system is enabling the evaluation of EBPP in the context of a diverse client population, including low-income, primarily Latino children, many of whom have comorbid chronic medical illness and developmental disability in addition to complex mental health needs. Lessons learned from the EBP transformation have implications for other agencies and systems that are seeking to change in line with progress in the field of psychology. C1 [Rogers, Karen C.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, USC Univ Ctr Excellence Dev Disabil, Project Heal, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Williams, Marian E.; Carson, Melissa C.; Sherer, Sara; Hudson, Bradley O.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1037/a0025003 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 895GE UT WOS:000300483400002 ER PT J AU De Jaco, A Comoletti, D Dubi, N Camp, S Taylor, P AF De Jaco, Antonella Comoletti, Davide Dubi, Noga Camp, Shelley Taylor, Palmer TI Processing of Cholinesterase-like alpha/beta-Hydrolase Fold Proteins: Alterations Associated with Congenital Disorders SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alpha/beta-hydrolase fold proteins; cholinesterases; neuroligins; thyroglobulin; ER-retention; chaperones; protein processing ID MISSENSE MUTATION G2320R; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; NEUREXIN COMPLEX; AUTISM REVEALS; CELL-ADHESION; BCHE GENE; THYROGLOBULIN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; NEUROLIGIN; HYPOTHYROIDISM AB The alpha/beta hydrolase fold family is perhaps the largest group of proteins presenting significant structural homology with divergent functions, ranging from catalytic hydrolysis to heterophilic cell adhesive interactions to chaperones in hormone production. All the proteins of the family share a common three-dimensional core structure containing the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold domain that is crucial for proper protein function. Several mutations associated with congenital diseases or disorders have been reported in conserved residues within the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold domain of cholinesterase-like proteins, neuroligins, butyrylcholinesterase and thyroglobulin. These mutations are known to disrupt the architecture of the common structural domain either globally or locally. Characterization of the natural mutations affecting the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold domain in these proteins has shown that they mainly impair processing and trafficking along the secretory pathway causing retention of the mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studying the processing of alpha/beta-hydrolase fold mutant proteins should uncover new functions for this domain, that in some cases require structural integrity for both export of the protein from the ER and for facilitating subunit dimerization. A comparative study of homologous mutations in proteins that are closely related family members, along with the definition of new three-dimensional crystal structures, will identify critical residues for the assembly of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold. C1 [De Jaco, Antonella] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol & Biotecnol Charles Darwin, Unita Ric Neurobiol Daniel Bovet, Rome, Italy. [De Jaco, Antonella; Comoletti, Davide; Dubi, Noga; Camp, Shelley; Taylor, Palmer] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [De Jaco, Antonella] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Pasteur Fdn Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy. 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Xavier TI Low frequency oscillations of response time explain parent ratings of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity SO EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Intra-subject variability; Frequency analyses; Rating scales ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; INTRA-SUBJECT VARIABILITY; BOLD SIGNAL FLUCTUATIONS; BRAIN-FUNCTION; DEFAULT MODE; INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; ADHD CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; NETWORKS; AUTISM AB Greater intra-subject variability (ISV) in response time is a heritable endophenotype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Spontaneous low frequency oscillations (LFO: 0.01-0.1 Hz) observed in brain functional magnetic resonance signals might account for such behavioral variability. Recently, we demonstrated that ISV in response time (RT) explained ratings of ADHD symptoms. Building on this finding, here we hypothesized that LFO in RT time series would explain these ratings, both independently and in addition to RT coefficient of variation (CV). To measure RT LFO, we applied Morlet wavelet transform to the previously collected RT data. Our community sample consisted of 98 children (including 66 boys, mean age 9.9 +/- A 1.4 years), who completed four computer Tasks of Executive Control. Conners' Parent Rating Scale ratings were obtained. RT LFO of three tasks significantly explained ratings of inattention, hyperactivity and three global Conners' subscales. In addition, RT LFO during two tasks that included an inhibitory component increased the proportions of variance explained in subscales of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, beyond the effects of RT-CV. Three specific low frequency bands (Slow-5: 0.01-0.027 Hz; Slow-4: 0.027-0.073 Hz; Slow-3: 0.073-0.20 Hz) were strongly related to the ADHD scales. We conclude that RT LFO predict dimensional ratings of ADHD symptoms both independently and in addition to RTCV. Results suggest that frequency analyses are a suitable methodology to link behavioral responses to putative underlying physiological processes. C1 [Angeles Mairena, Maria; Di Martino, Adriana; Castellanos, F. Xavier] NYU, Ctr Child Study, Phyllis Green & Randolph Cowen Inst Pediat Neuros, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Angeles Mairena, Maria] Hosp St Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona 08950, Spain. [Dominguez-Martin, Cristina] Univ Valladolid, Hosp Clin, Valladolid 47003, Spain. [Gomez-Guerrero, Lorena] Complejo Hosp Ourense, Unidad Salud Mental Infanto Juvenil, Ciudad Orense 32005, Spain. [Gioia, Gerard] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gioia, Gerard] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Petkova, Eva] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Div Biostat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Castellanos, F. Xavier] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. RP Mairena, MA (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Child Study, Phyllis Green & Randolph Cowen Inst Pediat Neuros, 215 Lexington Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM marian.mairena@gmail.com RI Di Martino, Adriana/L-2497-2014 FU Alicia Koplowitz Foundation; Stavros S. Niarchos Foundation; Lilly; [R01MH081218] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation to MAM, CDM, LGG; support from the Stavros S. Niarchos Foundation and grant R01MH081218 to FXC; and collaboration of staff members and families from Bellevue Hospital Center and Roberto Clemente Family Therapy Center.Maria Angeles Mairena reports no conflicts of interest. Adriana Di Martino reports no conflicts of interest. Cristina Dominguez-Martin has received support for educational travel and conference attendance from Group Bristol-Myers Squibb, Juste S. A. Q. F., Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, and Janssen-Cilag, and research support from Lilly. Lorena Gomez-Guerrero has received support for educational travel and conference attendance from Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Almirall, and Juste S. A. Q. F. and support for educational materials from Schering-Plough, Lundbeck, and Astra Zeneca. Gerard Gioia is an author of an instrument used in this research study: the tasks of executive control. This instrument is published by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. Eva Petkova reports no conflicts of interest. F. Xavier Castellanos reports no conflicts of interest. 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TI Transition Planning for Students With Intellectual Disability, Autism, or Other Disabilities: Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE autism and transition planning; intellectual disability and transition planning; National Longitudinal Transition Study-2; transition planning ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; SELF-DETERMINATION; GENERAL CURRICULUM; DIRECTED IEP; YOUNG-ADULTS; HIGH-SCHOOL; EDUCATION; PARENTS; PARTICIPATION; PERSPECTIVES AB To compare the status of transition planning for students with intellectual disability, autism, or other disabilities, we used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2, a federally funded, national study of the secondary and postschool experiences of students with disabilities. Results show that although transition planning had been conducted for the majority of students, few of them took a leadership role in their transition planning. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-50.1.16 PG 15 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 895AM UT WOS:000300468600003 PM 22316223 ER PT J AU Bonuck, K Grant, R AF Bonuck, Karen Grant, Roy TI Sleep Problems and Early Developmental Delay: Implications for Early Intervention Programs SO INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE breathing problems; early intervention; eligibility for early intervention; Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part C; sleep disorders ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ENTERING EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; APNEA SYNDROME; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; US CHILDREN AB Sleep disorders negatively impact behavior, cognition, and growth-the same areas targeted by early intervention. Conversely, developmental delays and disabilities may themselves precipitate sleep disorders. Young children with developmental delays experience sleep disorders at a higher rate than do typically developing children; the most common types are difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep and sleep disordered breathing. To date, attention has been focused on sleep problems in children with specific conditions (e.g., autism, genetic syndromes, prematurity, and seizure disorder). The authors review evidence of sleep problems' broader impact across the range of children screened for early intervention. Eligibility evaluations for early intervention address the five developmental domains: adaptive, motor, cognitive, communication, and socioemotional. Disordered sleep may be symptomatic of socioemotional and adaptive problems. 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Dev. Disabil. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1352/1934-9556-50.1.41 PG 12 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 895AM UT WOS:000300468600005 PM 22316225 ER PT J AU Alipio, MC Allida, JM Altea, P Anastacio, M Andres, MJ AF Alipio, M. C. Allida, J. M. Altea, P. Anastacio, M. Andres, M. J. TI Lights and shades: The lived experiences of the primary caregivers of children with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alipio, M. C.; Allida, J. M.; Altea, P.; Anastacio, M.; Andres, M. J.] Univ Santo Tomas, Coll Nursing, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1322-7114 J9 INT J NURS PRACT JI Int. J. Nurs. Pract. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 18 SU 1 SI SI BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 887OH UT WOS:000299937000319 ER PT J AU Magyar, CI Pandolfi, V Dill, CA AF Magyar, Caroline I. Pandolfi, Vincent Dill, Charles A. TI An Initial Evaluation of the Social Communication Questionnaire for the Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children With Down Syndrome SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE SCQ; Down syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; autism screening; psychometrics ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; COVARIANCE STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; FIT INDEXES; SAMPLE-SIZE; DIAGNOSIS; RELIABILITY; INSTRUMENTS; COEFFICIENT; POPULATION; MODELS AB Objective: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in a sample of children with Down syndrome (DS), many of whom had a co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The SCQ is a widely used ASD screening measure; however, its measurement properties have not been comprehensively evaluated specifically in children with DS, a group that seems to be at higher risk for an ASD. Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, scale reliability, convergent and discriminant correlations, significance tests between groups of children with DS and DS + ASD, and diagnostic accuracy analyses were conducted. Results: Factor analyses identified 2 reliable factors that we labeled Social-Communication and Stereotyped Behavior and Unusual Interests. Pearson correlations with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised subscales indicated support for the SCQ's convergent validity and some support for the discriminant validity of the factor-based scales. Significance tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that children with DS + ASD obtained significantly higher SCQ factor-based and total scores than children with DS alone, and that the SCQ Total Score evidenced good sensitivity and adequate specificity. Conclusions: Results indicated initial psychometric support for the SCQ as an ASD screening measure in children with DS. The SCQ should be considered as part of a multimethod evaluation when screening children with DS. C1 [Pandolfi, Vincent] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Psychol Program, Dept Psychol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Magyar, Caroline I.] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Neurodev & Behav Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Dill, Charles A.] Hofstra Univ, Dept Psychol, Hempstead, NY 11550 USA. RP Pandolfi, V (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Psychol Program, Dept Psychol, Bldg 1 Room 3378,18 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM vxpgla@rit.edu FU Hyman, PI [AUCD/RTO1 2005-1/2-08] FX This study was funded in part by AUCD/RTO1 2005-1/2-08, Hyman, PI. CR American Psychiatric Association, 2010, DSM 5 DEV AUT SPECTR American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT [Anonymous], 2010, IBM SPSS STAT COMP P BENTLER PM, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P238, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.107.2.238 Brown T. A., 2006, CONFIRMATORY FACTOR Cattell R. 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PD FEB-MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e318240d3d9 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 894AR UT WOS:000300399700005 PM 22267105 ER PT J AU Farber, JM AF Farber, Jon Matthew TI Autism, Cognition, and Parent Counseling-Part 2 SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE autism; counseling; cognition; prognosis AB As the incidence of autism has risen, many neurodevelopmental pediatricians have been omitting a consideration of cognitive level in their evaluation of children, and in communicating with parents. This is a disservice to families, who should be given pertinent information, both in verbal and written forms, about their child and the prognosis. A template is presented for a letter that can be provided to parents, highlighting the basic information they need after a diagnosis has been made. RP Farber, JM (reprint author), 1990 Old Bridge Rd, Woodbridge, VA 22192 USA. EM JMFPEDS@msn.com CR Farber JM, 2010, J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR, V31, P341, DOI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181da779d Greenfeld Josh, 1978, PLACE NOAH NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0196-206X EI 1536-7312 J9 J DEV BEHAV PEDIATR JI J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. PD FEB-MAR PY 2012 VL 33 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182396880 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Pediatrics GA 894AR UT WOS:000300399700008 PM 22157349 ER PT J AU Kee, SB Casey, LB Cea, CR Bicard, DF Bicard, SE AF Kee, S. Brian Casey, Laura Baylot Cea, Clayton R. Bicard, David F. Bicard, Sara E. 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Toledo-Pereyra, Luis H. TI Historical Perspectives on Autism: Its Past Record of Discovery and Its Present State of Solipsism, Skepticism, and Sorrowful Suspicion SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; History; Vaccine controversy; Media effects ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MECHANICAL BOY; VACCINE SAFETY; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; JOEY AB Concepts of autism have evolved over the twentieth century after Bleuler coined the term to refer to symptoms of self-absorption in those with schizophrenia. Autism nosology changed to the current sesquipedalian constellation of autism spectrum disorders with a confusing archipelago of 5 conditions that often serve as islands of confusion to both the general public and professionals. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.004 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700003 PM 22284788 ER PT J AU Mills, B AF Mills, Bruce TI In the Doctor's Office: A Parent Perspective SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Communication; Social interaction; Parent perspective; Pediatrician; Social Stories AB This article explores emblematic examples of autistic ways of processing the world and effective practices for pediatrician interactions with children on the spectrum. It offers a parent perspective in relation to this dynamic, considering personal anecdotes that reflect on the communication, social, and sensory challenges for those with autism. C1 Kalamazoo Coll, Dept English, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. RP Mills, B (reprint author), Kalamazoo Coll, Dept English, 1200 Acad St, Kalamazoo, MI 49006 USA. EM bmills@kzoo.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.015 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700004 PM 22284789 ER PT J AU Merrick, J AF Merrick, Joav TI Autism Spectrum Disorders: Practical Overview for Pediatricians Foreword SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Merrick, Joav] Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Div Pediat, Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, IL-91012 Jerusalem, Israel. [Merrick, Joav] Minist Social Affairs, Div Mental Retardat, Hlth Serv, IL-91012 Jerusalem, Israel. [Merrick, Joav] Univ Kentucky Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Kentucky Childrens Hosp, Lexington, KY USA. RP Merrick, J (reprint author), Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Div Pediat, Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, IL-91012 Jerusalem, Israel. EM jmerrick@zahav.net.il CR Asperger H, 1944, ARCH PSYCHIAT NERVEN, V117, P76, DOI 10.1007/BF01837709 Kanner L, 1943, NERV CHILD, V2, P217 Kanner L., 1935, CHIL PSYCHIAT NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP XV EP XVII DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.017 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700001 PM 22284805 ER PT J AU Nazeer, A Ghaziuddin, M AF Nazeer, Ahsan Ghaziuddin, Mohammad TI Autism Spectrum Disorders: Clinical Features and Diagnosis SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Definition; Diagnosis; Clinical features; ASD; Primary care; Comorbidity ID DEVELOPMENTAL REGRESSION; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIORS; VALIDITY; CHILDREN AB The last decade has seen an increase of interest in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). With the prevalence now approaching 1%, children with ASD are usually first evaluated by clinicians working in primary care, such as pediatricians and family practitioners. Although classic autism is easy to recognize, differentiating autism from other spectrum disorders and comorbid conditions is not always simple. C1 [Nazeer, Ahsan] Michigan State Univ, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 USA. [Ghaziuddin, Mohammad] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nazeer, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, 1722 Shaffer Rd,Suite 3, Kalamazoo, MI 49048 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.007 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700005 PM 22284790 ER PT J AU Patel, DR Greydanus, DE AF Patel, Dilip R. Greydanus, Donald E. TI Autism Spectrum Disorders: Practical Overview for Pediatricians Preface SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Patel, Dilip R.; Greydanus, Donald E.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. RP Patel, DR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, 1000 Oakland Dr, Kalamazoo, MI 49009 USA. EM patel@kcms.msu.edu; greydanus@kcms.msu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP XIX EP XIX DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.016 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700002 ER PT J AU Duchan, E Patel, DR AF Duchan, Erin Patel, Dilip R. TI Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Asperger disorder; Mortality; Morbidity; Risk factors ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; PATERNAL AGE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-RETARDATION; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE AB Epidemiologic data gathered over the last 40 years report that the conservative estimate of autistic spectrum disorder prevalence is 27.5 per 10,000 individuals; however, the prevalence estimate based on newer surveys is 60 per 10,000 individuals. Several factors are considered in various epidemiologic surveys of autism, especially the evolution of the concept of autism and changing criteria for diagnosis. This article reviews the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for autism. C1 [Patel, Dilip R.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Pediat Residency Program,Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studie, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Patel, DR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Pediat Residency Program,Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studie, 1000 Oakland Dr, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 27 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.003 PG 19 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700006 PM 22284791 ER PT J AU Silver, WG Rapin, I AF Silver, Wendy G. Rapin, Isabelle TI Neurobiological Basis of Autism SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Neurology; Epilepsy; Sleep; Sensorimotor ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; CORTISOL CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE SPASMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT AB Autism (autism spectrum disorders) is a complex, strongly genetically influenced, behaviorally defined disorder of the immature brain associated with very uneven intellectual abilities. Among its most salient and potentially treatable neurologic features that this article focuses on are epilepsy, disorganized sleep patterns, and sensory and motor deficits. Its many causes and wide range of severity means that there is no symptom, no pathology, imaging, electroencephalography, or other biologic feature, and no biologic treatment that is universal or diagnostic of this developmental syndrome. C1 [Silver, Wendy G.; Rapin, Isabelle] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Saul R Korey Dept Neurol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Silver, Wendy G.; Rapin, Isabelle] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Silver, Wendy G.] Maria Fareri Childrens Hosp, New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY USA. [Rapin, Isabelle] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Rose F Kennedy Intellectual & Dev Disabil Res Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Silver, WG (reprint author), Childrens & Womens Phys Westchester, Div Pediat Neurol, 755 N Broadway,Med Serv Bldg,Suite 540, Sleepy Hollow, NY 10591 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.010 PG 18 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700007 PM 22284792 ER PT J AU Chugani, DC AF Chugani, Diane C. TI Neuroimaging and Neurochemistry of Autism SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Positron emission tomography (PET); Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); Serotonin; Dopamine; GABA; Receptors; N-acetylaspartate ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; BRAIN-SEROTONIN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; WHITE-MATTER; PROTON; BINDING; PET; SUBUNIT AB Positron emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are powerful tools for the monitoring of diverse neurochemical functions. Neuroimaging studies targeting neurotransmitter systems in autism have provided clues about how differences in development of these systems might lead to new intervention approaches. Direct measurement of diverse neurochemicals with MRS provides unique probes of neuronal integrity in vivo. Future directions include the combination of imaging modalities made possible by advances in software and hardware. Many tracers have not been applied in autism, and new molecules and signaling pathways might be targeted as genes associated with autism are identified. C1 [Chugani, Diane C.] Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat,Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Detroit Med Ctr, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chugani, Diane C.] Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit Med Ctr, Dept Radiol,Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Chugani, DC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Childrens Hosp Michigan, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat,Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Detroit Med Ctr, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.002 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700008 PM 22284793 ER PT J AU Tareen, RS Kamboj, MK AF Tareen, Ruqiya Shama Kamboj, Manmohan K. TI Role of Endocrine Factors in Autistic Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Autism spectrum disorders; Endocrine factors; Endocrine hormones ID SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; INFANTILE-AUTISM; CHILDREN; OXYTOCIN; RECEPTOR; VASOPRESSIN; MELATONIN; HORMONE; BRAIN AB It is possible that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a multifactorial cause along with more than one predisposing and perpetuating factor, all of which culminate in expression of these disorders. Endocrine and neuropeptide factors are among the list of possible etiologic or predisposing contenders. The search for an endocrine model to explain the etiopathogenesis of ASD is a new endeavor. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.013 PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700009 PM 22284794 ER PT J AU Soares, NS Patel, DR AF Soares, Neelkamal S. Patel, Dilip R. TI Office Screening and Early Identification of Children with Autism SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Screening; Early identification; Autism; Pediatrician's role ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; HOME VIDEOTAPES; MEDICAL HOME; TODDLERS; RECOGNITION; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), also called pervasive developmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revised), constitute a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that coalesce around a common theme of impairments in social functioning, communication abilities, and repetitive or rigid behaviors. The ASDs considered here include autism/autistic disorder, Asperger disorder/Asperger syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. This article focuses on autism/autistic disorder screening and its early identification, with a brief mention for AS screening, as there are limited tools and no recommendation for universal screening for AS. C1 [Patel, Dilip R.] Michigan State Univ, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, Pediat Residency Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Patel, Dilip R.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Soares, Neelkamal S.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Soares, Neelkamal S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Patel, DR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, Pediat Residency Program, 1000 Oakland Dr, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.011 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700010 PM 22284795 ER PT J AU Huerta, M Lord, C AF Huerta, Marisela Lord, Catherine TI Diagnostic Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Diagnosis; Assessment; Diagnostic instruments ID OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; VALIDITY; COMMUNICATION; AGE AB Research on the identification and evaluation of autism spectrum disorders is reviewed, and best practices for clinical work are discussed. The latest research on diagnostic tools, and their recommended use, is also reviewed. Recommendations include the use of instruments designed to assess multiple domains of functioning and behavior, the inclusion of parents and caregivers as active partners, and the consideration of developmental factors throughout the diagnostic process. C1 [Huerta, Marisela; Lord, Catherine] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Huerta, M (reprint author), Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, 21 Bloomingdale Rd, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. EM mah2046@med.cornell.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH089390-02, RC1MH089721] FX This work was supported by grants R01MH089390-02 and RC1MH089721 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Dr Lord. CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson DK, 2009, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V37, P1019, DOI 10.1007/s10802-009-9326-0 Bishop SL, 2006, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V12, P247, DOI 10.1080/09297040600630288 Braiden H, 2010, CHILD CARE PRACT, V16, P377 C Lord, 2001, ED CHILDREN AUTISM S, P21 CDC (Cent. Dis. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.014 PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700012 PM 22284797 ER PT J AU Prelock, PJ Nelson, NW AF Prelock, Patricia J. Nelson, Nickola Wolf TI Language and Communication in Autism: An Integrated View SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Language; Communication; Autism; Children ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; INTENSIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EARLY INTERVENTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; 2ND YEAR; SCREENING INSTRUMENT AB Children with autism spectrum disorders can have varying degrees of difficulty acquiring spoken and written language, but symptoms of communication impairment associated with social impairment are uniformly present, distinguishing autism spectrum disorders from other neurodevelopmental disabilities. Early diagnosis and early intervention involving parents can improve prognosis. Red flags for social communication problems can be observed early. This article summarizes findings from the National Standards Project of the National Autism Center, which identified 11 types of treatment, 8 of which address communication. Both contemporary behavioral approaches and naturalistic developmental approaches are included in this set. C1 [Prelock, Patricia J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Nelson, Nickola Wolf] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, PhD Program Interdisciplinary Hlth Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Prelock, PJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, 105 Rowell,106 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. 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Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.006 PG 20 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700014 PM 22284799 ER PT J AU Bohlander, AJ Orlich, F Varley, CK AF Bohlander, Amy J. Orlich, Felice Varley, Christopher K. TI Social Skills Training for Children with Autism SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Social skills; Autism; Asperger; Intervention; Training; High-functioning autism ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INTERVENTIONS; PEERS; RECOMMENDATIONS; METAANALYSIS; PROGRAMS AB This article summarizes the current literature on social skills training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. The article describes several different methods of social skills training, along with a summary of research findings on effectiveness. Interventions described include social skills groups, peer mentoring/training, social stories, and video modeling. The article also describes information about accessing social skills training services, and concludes with future directions and recommendations for pediatricians. C1 [Bohlander, Amy J.; Orlich, Felice] Seattle Childrens Hosp, Autism Clin, Dept Psychiat, MS CAC, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Varley, Christopher K.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bohlander, AJ (reprint author), Seattle Childrens Hosp, Autism Clin, Dept Psychiat, MS CAC, 4909 25th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. 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J., 2003, PEER PLAY AUTISM SPE NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.001 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700015 PM 22284800 ER PT J AU Kaplan, G McCracken, JT AF Kaplan, Gabriel McCracken, James T. TI Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorders SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Autism; Stimulants; Irritability; Repetitive behaviors; Hyperactivity; Antipsychotics; Psychopharmacology ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; PEDIATRIC PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; CROSSOVER TRIAL; SLEEP PROBLEMS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; PLACEBO; METHYLPHENIDATE AB At present, no evidence-based effective pharmacologic options are available for treating the core deficits of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which are best addressed by behavioral and educational interventions. However, such evidence exists for several of the frequently associated/comorbid symptoms such as aggression and severe irritability, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors, which can become a major source of additional distress and interference in functioning. This article offers information on the psychopharmacology of ASD that is current, relevant, and organized in a user-friendly manner, to form a concise but informative reference guide for primary pediatric clinicians. C1 [Kaplan, Gabriel] Hoboken Univ Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Kaplan, Gabriel] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Psychiat, Newark, NJ 07107 USA. [McCracken, James T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kaplan, G (reprint author), 535 Morris Ave, Springfield, NJ 07081 USA. 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Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 175 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.005 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700016 PM 22284801 ER PT J AU Schall, C Wehman, P McDonough, JL AF Schall, Carol Wehman, Paul McDonough, Jennifer L. TI Transition from School to Work for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Understanding the Process and Achieving Better Outcomes SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Early adulthood; Social competence; Employment models ID SELF-DETERMINATION; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTS; CHILDREN AB Individuals and their parents frequently turn to pediatricians, adolescent medicine specialists, and psychologists to answer questions about the course and outcomes of their disorder. This article provides a description of the characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adolescence and early adulthood. It also describes essential elements of high school programs designed to increase positive outcomes for youth with ASD and provides detailed information about various employment support models. Finally, the implications of transition programming for medical specialists and psychologists are discussed. C1 [Schall, Carol] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Autism Resource Ctr, VCU Autism Ctr Excellence, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Schall, Carol; Wehman, Paul; McDonough, Jennifer L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Rehabil Res & Training Ctr, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Schall, C (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Autism Resource Ctr, VCU Autism Ctr Excellence, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. 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TI Sensory Processing in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Impact on Functioning SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Autism; Sensory processing disorder; Children ID OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIORS; MODULATION DISORDER; FOOD SELECTIVITY; RESPONSIVENESS; ASSOCIATION; INTEGRATION; DISABILITY; SUBTYPES AB Children with autism experience many challenges that affect their ability to function. Sensory processing disorder and, specifically, sensory modulation disorder can compound dysfunction and further inhibit participation in productive activities. Through detection of and referral for sensory modulation disorders, treatment can be accessed. Emerging treatment evidence points to functional gains for autism and sensory modulation disorder that can ease the burden that this combination of symptoms has on the everyday life of children with autism. C1 Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Occupat Therapy Dept, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Suarez, MA (reprint author), Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Occupat Therapy Dept, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 203 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.012 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 894ZJ UT WOS:000300465700018 PM 22284803 ER PT J AU Dichter, GS Felder, JN Green, SR Rittenberg, AM Sasson, NJ Bodfish, JW AF Dichter, Gabriel S. Felder, Jennifer N. Green, Steven R. Rittenberg, Alison M. Sasson, Noah J. Bodfish, James W. TI Reward circuitry function in autism spectrum disorders SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE autism; reward; nucleus accumbens; anticipation; functional magnetic resonance imaging ID EVENT-RELATED FMRI; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; CIRCUMSCRIBED INTERESTS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SOCIAL ATTENTION; JOINT ATTENTION; BRAIN IMAGES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEPRESSION; ANTICIPATION AB Social interaction deficits and restricted repetitive behaviors and interests that characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may both reflect aberrant functioning of brain reward circuits. However, no neuroimaging study to date has investigated the integrity of reward circuits using an incentive delay paradigm in individuals with ASDs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess blood-oxygen level-dependent activation during reward anticipation and outcomes in 15 participants with an ASD and 16 matched control participants. Brain activation was assessed during anticipation of and in response to monetary incentives and object image incentives previously shown to be visually salient for individuals with ASDs (e.g. trains, electronics). Participants with ASDs showed decreased nucleus accumbens activation during monetary anticipation and outcomes, but not during object anticipation or outcomes. Group x reward-type-interaction tests revealed robust interaction effects in bilateral nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation and in ventromedial prefrontal cortex during reward outcomes, indicating differential responses contingent on reward type in these regions. Results suggest that ASDs are characterized by reward-circuitry hypoactivation in response to monetary incentives but not in response to autism-relevant object images. The clinical implications of the double dissociation of reward type and temporal phase in reward circuitry function in ASD are discussed. C1 [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Felder, Jennifer N.; Rittenberg, Alison M.; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill Sch Med, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Green, Steven R.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke UNC Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Dichter, Gabriel S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Sasson, Noah J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Dichter, GS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, CB 3366,101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM dichter@med.unc.edu FU UNC Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center [P30 HD03110]; National Institute of Mental Health [K23MH081285, R01MH073402]; Dana Foundation; Foundation of Hope FX Assistance for this study was provided by the Subject Registry and Neuroimaging Cores of the UNC Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center (P30 HD03110). The authors thank Dr Brian Knutson for kindly sharing the MID task, Josh Bizzell, Chris Petty and Todd Harshbarger for assistance with image analysis and MRI technologists Susan Music, Natalie Goutkin and Luke Poole for assistance with data acquisition. 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Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 7 IS 2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1093/scan/nsq095 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 891OW UT WOS:000300227500004 PM 21148176 ER PT J AU van den Brink, D Van Berkum, JJA Bastiaansen, MCM Tesink, CMJY Kos, M Buitelaar, JK Hagoort, P AF van den Brink, Danielle Van Berkum, Jos J. A. Bastiaansen, Marcel C. M. Tesink, Cathelijne M. J. Y. Kos, Miriam Buitelaar, Jan K. Hagoort, Peter TI Empathy matters: ERP evidence for inter-individual differences in social language processing SO SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auditory sentence processing; stereotypes; sex differences; N400; gamma oscillations ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EMOTIONAL SPEECH; BRAIN POTENTIALS; ACTIVATION; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSIONS; PERCEPTION AB When an adult claims he cannot sleep without his teddy bear, people tend to react surprised. Language interpretation is, thus, influenced by social context, such as who the speaker is. The present study reveals inter-individual differences in brain reactivity to social aspects of language. Whereas women showed brain reactivity when stereotype-based inferences about a speaker conflicted with the content of the message, men did not. This sex difference in social information processing can be explained by a specific cognitive trait, one's ability to empathize. Individuals who empathize to a greater degree revealed larger N400 effects (as well as a larger increase in gamma-band power) to socially relevant information. These results indicate that individuals with high-empathizing skills are able to rapidly integrate information about the speaker with the content of the message, as they make use of voice-based inferences about the speaker to process language in a top-down manner. Alternatively, individuals with lower empathizing skills did not use information about social stereotypes in implicit sentence comprehension, but rather took a more bottom-up approach to the processing of these social pragmatic sentences. C1 [van den Brink, Danielle] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Van Berkum, Jos J. A.; Bastiaansen, Marcel C. M.; Hagoort, Peter] Max Planck Inst Psycholinguist, NL-6500 AH Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Van Berkum, Jos J. A.] Univ Utrecht, UiL OTS, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van den Brink, D (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, Ctr Cognit Neuroimaging, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM d.vandenbrink@donders.ru.nl RI Van Berkum, Jos/E-6413-2010; van den Brink, Danielle/D-6485-2012; Hagoort, Peter/B-7417-2012; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012 OI Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [NWO-VENI 451-04-107] FX This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-VENI 451-04-107 to D.vdB.). 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Holmans, Peter Kent, Lindsey Middleton, Frank Zhang-James, Yanli Liu, Lu Meyer, Jobst Thuy Trang Nguyen Romanos, Jasmin Romanos, Marcel Seitz, Christiane Renner, Tobias J. Walitza, Susanne Warnke, Andreas Palmason, Haukur Buitelaar, Jan Rommelse, Nanda Vasquez, Alejandro Arias Hawi, Ziarih Langley, Kate Sergeant, Joseph Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph Roeyers, Herbert Biederman, Joseph Zaharieva, Irina Hakonarson, Hakon Elia, Josephine Lionel, Anath C. Crosbie, Jennifer Marshall, Christian R. Schachar, Russell Scherer, Stephen W. Todorov, Alexandre Smalley, Susan L. Loo, Sandra Nelson, Stanley Shtir, Corina Asherson, Philip Reif, Andreas Lesch, Klaus-Peter Faraone, Stephen V. TI Genome-Wide Analysis of Copy Number Variants in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Role of Rare Variants and Duplications at 15q13.3 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; ASSOCIATION SCAN; CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; CANDIDATE GENE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ADHD; MICRODUPLICATIONS AB Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder. Because of its multifactorial etiology, however, identifying the genes involved has been difficult. The authors followed up on recent findings suggesting that rare copy number variants (CNVs) may be important for ADHD etiology. Method: The authors performed a genome-wide analysis of large, rare CNVs (<1% population frequency) in children with ADHD (N=896) and comparison subjects (N=2,455) from the IMAGE II Consortium. Results: The authors observed 1,562 individually rare CNVs >100 kb in size, which segregated into 912 independent loci. Overall, the rate of rare CNVs >100 kb was 1.15 times higher in ADHD case subjects relative to comparison subjects, with duplications spanning known genes showing a 1.2-fold enrichment. In accordance with a previous study, rare CNVs >500 kb showed the greatest enrichment (1.28-fold). CNVs identified in ADHD case subjects were significantly enriched for loci implicated in autism and in schizophrenia. Duplications spanning the CHRNA7 gene at chromosome 15q13.3 were associated with ADHD in single-locus analysis. This finding was consistently replicated in an additional 2,242 ADHD case subjects and 8,552 comparison subjects from four independent cohorts from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. Presence of the duplication at 15q13.3 appeared to be associated with comorbid conduct disorder. Conclusions: These findings support the enrichment of large, rare CNVs in ADHD and implicate duplications at 15q13.3 as a novel risk factor for ADHD. With a frequency of 0.6% in the populations investigated and a relatively large effect size (odds ratio=2.22, 95% confidence interval=1.5-3.6), this locus could be an important contributor to ADHD etiology. C1 [Faraone, Stephen V.] Cardiff Univ, Med Res Council MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Gen, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Worcester, MA USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Frankfurt, Germany. Univ St Andrews, Sch Med, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY USA. Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Trier, Inst Psychobiol, Dept Neurobehav Genet, Trier, Germany. Univ Marburg, Inst Med Biometry & Epidemiol, Marburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, ADHD Clin Res Network, Unit Mol Psychiat, Dept Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapy, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Hosp Munich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Munich, Germany. Saarland Univ Hosp, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Homburg, Germany. Univ Zurich, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Basel, Inst Psychol, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Aalborg Psychiat Hosp, Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Adult ADHD, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Clin Program Pediat Psychopharmacol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Res Program Pediat Psychopharmacol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Pulm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Psychiat Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Kings Coll London, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat, London, England. RP Faraone, SV (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Med Res Council MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Gen, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. EM williamsnm@cf.ac.uk; sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org RI Franke, Barbara/D-4836-2009; Arias Vasquez, Alejandro/E-4762-2012; Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Buitelaar, Jan/E-4584-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Renner, Tobias/I-2120-2013; Rommelse, Nanda/D-4872-2009; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/J-4906-2013; Holmans, Peter/F-4518-2015 OI Franke, Barbara/0000-0003-4375-6572; Arias Vasquez, Alejandro/0000-0002-4786-0169; Buitelaar, Jan/0000-0001-8288-7757; Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Rommelse, Nanda/0000-0002-1711-0359; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-8348-153X; Holmans, Peter/0000-0003-0870-9412 FU Novartis; Shire; Eli Lilly; Elminda; Janssen; McNeil; Fundacion Areces (Spain); Fundacion Dr. Manuel Camelo A.C., Medice Pharmaceuticals; Spanish Child Psychiatry Association; Shionogi Pharma; Cipher Pharmaceuticals; Janssen-Cilag; Vifor; Alcobra; NIH [R13MH059126, R01MH62873, R01MH081803]; Pfizer; Guilford Press; Oxford University Press; Affymetrix Power Award; Wellcome Trust, U.K.; Action Medical Research UK; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KFO 125, SFB 581, GRK 1156, ME 1923/5-1, ME 1923/5-3, GRK 1389]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF [01GV0605]; Health Research Board Ireland FX Dr. Freitag has served as speaker or adviser to Desitin, Eli Lilly, and Novartis. Dr. Walitza has served on speakers bureaus for Eli Lilly, Janssen, and AstraZeneca. Dr. Buitelaar has served as a consultant, advisory board member, or speaker for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Schering-Plough, Shire, Servier, and UCB. Dr. Sergeant has received an educational grant from Novartis and has served as speaker or adviser to Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, and Shire. Dr. Roeyers is an advisory board member for Shire and has received research funding and conference attendance support from Shire and Eli Lilly. Dr. Biederman has received research support from Elminda, Janssen, McNeil, and Shire; speaking fees from Fundacion Areces (Spain), Fundacion Dr. Manuel Camelo A.C., Medice Pharmaceuticals, and the Spanish Child Psychiatry Association; consulting fees from Shionogi Pharma and Cipher Pharmaceuticals (honoraria were paid to the Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH]); honoraria from the MGH Psychiatry Academy for a tuition-funded CME course; an honorarium from Cambridge University Press for a chapter publication; and departmental royalties for a rating scale used for ADHD diagnosis (paid by Eli Lilly, Shire, and AstraZeneca to the Department of Psychiatry at MGH). Dr. Schachar has served as an adviser or consultant to Eli Lilly, Purdue Pharma, and Highland Therapeutics and is named on institutional patents for several genes involved in ADHD and for a stop-task software program. Dr. Asherson has received educational and research grants from Shire, Janssen-Cilag, and Vifor and has served as an adviser to Shire, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, and Flynn Pharma (all payments used for university educational and research activities). Dr. Faraone has received research support from, served as consultant or adviser to, or participated in CME programs sponsored by Alcobra, Janssen, Eli Lilly, NIH, Novartis, McNeil, Pfizer, and Shire; he receives royalties from Guilford Press and Oxford University Press. All other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.Supported by NIH grants R13MH059126, R01MH62873, and R01MH081803 to Dr. Faraone; an Affymetrix Power Award (2007) to Dr. Franke; a grant from Wellcome Trust, U.K., for sample collection to Dr. Kent; a grant from Wellcome Trust and Action Medical Research UK for sample collection and genotyping to Drs. Thapar, O'Donovan, Holmans, Williams, and Owen; an Internal Grant of Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center to Dr. Buitelaar; and grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 125, SFB 581, GRK 1156 to Dr. Lesch; ME 1923/5-1, ME 1923/5-3 to Drs. Meyer and Freitag; and GRK 1389 to Dr. Meyer) and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF 01GV0605 to Dr. Lesch). The authors thank the Wellcome Trust and the Health Research Board Ireland for generous support to Drs. Gill, Anney, and Hawi. 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J. Psychiat. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 169 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060822 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 890BW UT WOS:000300121100015 PM 22420048 ER PT J AU Brady, NC Fleming, K Thiemann-Bourque, K Olswang, L Dowden, P Saunders, MD Marquis, J AF Brady, Nancy C. Fleming, Kandace Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy Olswang, Lesley Dowden, Patricia Saunders, Muriel D. Marquis, Janet TI Development of the Communication Complexity Scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE assessment; disabilities; autism; presymbolic; severe disabilities ID PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; PRELINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION; JOINT ATTENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DOWN-SYNDROME; HEARING-LOSS; TRIPLE-C; DISABILITIES; AUTISM AB Purpose: Accurate description of an individual's communication status is critical in both research and practice. Describing the communication status of individuals with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities is difficult because these individuals often communicate with presymbolic means that may not be readily recognized. Our goal was to design a communication scale and summary score for interpretation that could be applied across populations of children and adults with limited (often presymbolic) communication forms. Method: The Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) was developed by a team of researchers and tested with 178 participants with varying levels of presymbolic and early symbolic communication skills. Correlations between standardized and informant measures were completed, and expert opinions were obtained regarding the CCS. Results: CCS scores were within expected ranges for the populations studied, and interrater reliability was high. Comparison across other measures indicated significant correlations with standardized tests of language. Scores on informant report measures tended to place children at higher levels of communication. Expert opinions generally favored the development of the CCS. Conclusions: The scale appears to be useful for describing a given individual's level of presymbolic or early symbolic communication. Further research is needed to determine whether it is sensitive to developmental growth in communication. C1 [Brady, Nancy C.; Fleming, Kandace; Thiemann-Bourque, Kathy; Saunders, Muriel D.; Marquis, Janet] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Olswang, Lesley; Dowden, Patricia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brady, NC (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM nbrady@ku.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P01 HD018955, R01 DC007684] FX This research was supported by Grants P01 HD018955 and R01 DC007684 from the National Institutes of Health. We wish to thank Kris Mathews, Megan Burgardt, and the individuals who participated in this research and their families. 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M., 1998, TRANSITIONS PRELINGU Wetherby AM, 2002, COMMUNICATION SYMBOL Wetherby AM, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P473, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2544-y Yoder PJ, 2001, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V44, P224, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2001/019) Zaidman-Zait A, 2007, J SPEECH LANG HEAR R, V50, P1166, DOI 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/081) Zimmerman I., 2003, PRESCHOOL LANGUAGE S NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1058-0360 J9 AM J SPEECH-LANG PAT JI Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0099) PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 888JS UT WOS:000300000400003 PM 22049404 ER PT J AU Finestack, LH Palmer, M Abbeduto, L AF Finestack, Lizbeth H. Palmer, Meghan Abbeduto, Leonard TI Macrostructural Narrative Language of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narrative language; Down syndrome; fragile X syndrome ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE; SKILLS; INDIVIDUALS; BOYS; PROFILES; AUTISM; COMMUNICATION; RETELLS AB Purpose: To gain a better understanding of language abilities, the expressive macrostructural narrative language abilities of verbally expressive adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) and those with fragile X syndrome (FXS) were examined. Method: The authors evaluated 24 adolescents and young adults with DS, 12 male adolescents and young adults with FXS, and 21 younger children with typical development (TD). Narrative samples were assessed at the macrostructural level using the narrative scoring scheme (Heilmann, Miller, Nockerts, & Dunaway, 2010). Three group comparisons were made using (a) the full sample matched on nonverbal mental age, (b) a subset of the participants individually matched on nonverbal mental age, and (c) a subset of participants individually matched on mean length of utterance. Results: Study analyses revealed that the DS and FXS groups significantly outperformed the TD group on a limited number of narrative scoring scheme measures. No significant differences emerged between the DS and FXS groups. Conclusions: The study's results suggest that some aspects of macrostructural narrative language may be relative strengths for adolescents and young adults with DS and those with FXS. These results can be used to create more nuanced and informed approaches to assessment and intervention for these populations. C1 [Finestack, Lizbeth H.; Palmer, Meghan] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Abbeduto, Leonard] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Finestack, LH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM finestack@umn.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01HD024356, T32HD007489, P30HD003352]; University of Minnesota's College of Liberal Arts FX We are grateful to all of the participants and their families whose dedication made this project possible. We thank Susen Schroeder for her oversight of the language transcription activities for the project. Preparation of this article was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01HD024356, T32HD007489, and P30HD003352, as well as the University of Minnesota's College of Liberal Arts Freshman Research Scholar Program. 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TI Differences in BTBR T plus tf/J and C57BL/6J mice on probabilistic reversal learning and stereotyped behaviors SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BTBR T plus tf/J; Autism; Stereotypy; Reversal learning; Mice; Memory ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WHOLE-BLOOD SEROTONIN; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MOUSE MODEL; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DORSOMEDIAL STRIATUM; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; ACETYLCHOLINE OUTPUT; MENTAL-RETARDATION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a class of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behavior. This latter class of symptoms often includes features such as compulsive behaviors and resistance to change. The BTBR T+ tf/J mouse strain has been used as an animal model to investigate the social communication and restricted interest features in ASD. Less is known about whether this mouse strain models cognitive flexibility deficits also observed in ASD. The present experiment investigated performance of BTBR T+ tf/J and C57BL/6J on two different spatial reversal learning tests (100% accurate feedback and 80/20 probabilistic feedback), as well as marble burying and grooming behavior. BTBR T+ tf/J and C57BL/6J mice exhibited similar performance on acquisition and reversal learning with 100% accurate feedback. BTBR T+ tf/J mice were impaired in probabilistic reversal learning compared to that of C57BL/6J mice. BTBR T+ tf/J mice also displayed increased stereotyped repetitive behaviors compared to that of C57BL/6J mice as shown by increased marble burying and grooming behavior. The present findings indicate that BTBR T+ tf/J mice exhibit similar features related to "insistence on sameness" in ASD that include not only stereotyped repetitive behaviors, but also alterations in behavioral flexibility. 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Brain Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 227 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.032 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 888EH UT WOS:000299986100009 PM 22056750 ER PT J AU Weiss, JA AF Weiss, Jonathan A. TI Mental Health Care for Canadians With Developmental Disabilities SO CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHOLOGIE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article DE developmental disability; intellectual disability; autism spectrum disorders; mental health ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SPECIAL-OLYMPICS; INDIVIDUALS; CAREGIVERS; PARENTS; ADULTS AB My research focuses on the promotion of mental health and the treatment of mental health problems in people with developmental disabilities. People with developmental disabilities are at high risk for developing mental health problems or serious challenging behaviours at some point in their lives. Research is needed to address these mental health concerns by studying programs that can promote mental health in people with developmental disabilities, the experiences of parents of people with developmental disabilities, and the training needs of graduate students in psychology to provide mental health care to clients with developmental disabilities. More generally, Canadian psychology has an important role to play in mental health promotion for individuals with developmental disabilities. C1 York Univ, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Weiss, JA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Psychol, Behav Sci Bldg,4700 Kee St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1037/a0026127 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 889KJ UT WOS:000300072300009 ER PT J AU Welch, V Hatton, C Emerson, E Robertson, J Collins, M Langer, S Wells, E AF Welch, Vicki Hatton, Chris Emerson, Eric Robertson, Janet Collins, Michelle Langer, Susanne Wells, Emma TI Do short break and respite services for families with a disabled child in England make a difference to siblings? A qualitative analysis of sibling and parent responses SO CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Sibling; Parent; Child; Short break; Respite; Disabled ID INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; SOCIOECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; CHRONIC ILLNESS; GROWING-UP; MOTHERS; AUTISM; RISK; CARE; PERCEPTIONS AB Background: Previous research identifies positive and negative effects of being a sibling in a family which includes a disabled child. Short break services (also known as respite) provide families with a break from caring and offer disabled children the chance to participate in various activities. This paper investigates the effects that these short breaks have on siblings. Methods: The research consists of a qualitative analysis of data collected as part of a survey of families using short break services. Data from 239 parent-carers (mostly biological parents) and 84 siblings are included in the analysis. Data are written responses to open questions about use of services and the effects they have. Results: The effects of short breaks on siblings are described as being mostly positive. Short breaks have the potential to ameliorate some of the negative impacts of being a sibling in a family with a disabled child whilst also promoting the positive impacts of having a disabled brother or sister. However, some siblings also report some adverse effects of short breaks. 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Allele-specific expression of IGF2 is regulated by DNA methylation at three differentially methylated regions (DMRs) spanning the IGF2/H19 domain on human 11p15.5. We have comprehensively assessed DNA methylation and genotype across the three DMRs and the H19 promoter using tissue from a unique collection of well-characterized and neuropathologically-dissected post-mortem human cerebellum samples (n = 106) and frontal cortex samples (n = 51). We show that DNA methylation, particularly in the vicinity of a key CTCF-binding site (CTCF3) in the imprinting control region (ICR) upstream of H19, is strongly correlated with cerebellum weight. DNA methylation at CTCF3 uniquely explains similar to 25% of the variance in cerebellum weight. 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EM jonathan.mill@kcl.ac.uk RI Mill, Jonathan/B-3276-2010; Pidsley, Ruth/D-8127-2012; Pidsley, Ruth/B-2540-2013; Dempster, Emma/C-8592-2014 OI Mill, Jonathan/0000-0003-1115-3224; Dempster, Emma/0000-0003-1257-5314 FU UK MRC; US National Institutes of Health [1R01AG036039]; London University FX Postmortem brain tissue was donated by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank and The Stanley Medical Research Institute (courtesy of Michael B. Knable, E. Fuller Torrey, Maree J. Webster and Robert H. Yolken). R.P. is funded by a Ph.D, studentship from the UK MRC. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (1R01AG036039) and funds from the London University Central Research Fund. 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Analysis of long-range connectivity using channelrhodopsin-2 revealed that the strength of synaptic inputs from both the contralateral auditory cortex and from the thalamus onto PTEN-cko neurons was enhanced compared with nearby neurons with normal PTEN expression. Laser-scanning photostimulation showed that local inputs onto PTEN-cko neurons in the auditory cortex were similarly enhanced. The hyperconnectivity caused by PTEN-cko could be blocked by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the PTEN downstream molecule mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Together, our results suggest that local and long-range hyperconnectivity may constitute a physiological basis for the effects of mutations in PTEN and possibly other ASD candidate genes. C1 [Xiong, Qiaojie; Oviedo, Hysell V.; Trotman, Lloyd C.; Zador, Anthony M.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Zador, AM (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM zador@cshl.edu FU National Institutes of Health; Autism Speaks FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (A.M.Z.) and Autism Speaks (A.M.Z., Q.X.). We thank B.J. Burbach, T. Hromadka, S. Jaramillo, A. P. Reid, and M. Zeeman for invaluable technical help; and K. Borges, S. Chattopadhyay for discussion. 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Neurosci. PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1652 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4480-11.2012 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 888AW UT WOS:000299977200013 PM 22302806 ER PT J AU Marin, O AF Marin, Oscar TI Interneuron dysfunction in psychiatric disorders SO NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; PARVALBUMIN-POSITIVE INTERNEURONS; GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; CORTICAL PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY; CPG-BINDING PROTEIN-2; MOUSE MODEL; RETT-SYNDROME; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities are best understood as spectrums of diseases that have broad sets of causes. However, it is becoming evident that these conditions also have overlapping phenotypes and genetics, which is suggestive of common deficits. In this context, the idea that the disruption of inhibitory circuits might be responsible for some of the clinical features of these disorders is gaining support. Recent studies in animal models demonstrate that the molecular basis of such disruption is linked to specific defects in the development and function of interneurons the cells that are responsible for establishing inhibitory circuits in the brain. These insights are leading to a better understanding of the causes of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities, and may contribute to the development of more-effective therapeutic interventions. C1 [Marin, Oscar] CSIC, Inst Neurosci, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. [Marin, Oscar] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. RP Marin, O (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Neurosci, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. EM o.marin@umh.es RI Marin, Oscar/F-3856-2012 OI Marin, Oscar/0000-0001-6264-7027 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [SAF2008-00770, SAF2009-08049-E, CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00023]; Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation (NARSAD); Fundacio La Marato FX I would like to thank M. Maravall and B. Rico for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, M. Sefton for editorial assistance and the many colleagues who have shared their thoughts on this topic, including all the members of my laboratory. Our work is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (SAF2008-00770, SAF2009-08049-E and CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00023), the Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation (NARSAD) and the Fundacio La Marato. 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Generally, neurotransmitters play a major role in the formation of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glutamate, the excitatory neurotransmitter actively participates in various neurodevelopmental processes through complex regulatory events. Excitatory neurotransmitter signaling via glutamate receptors modulates cognitive functions such as memory and learning, which are usually impaired in ASD. Therefore, glutamate and its regulatory molecules are considered as potential targets for these disorders. Pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral studies reveal possible involvement of glutamatergic system in ASD pathology. An abnormal increase in electrical activity resulting from excessive glutamate signaling causes prolonged alterations in behavior, as commonly seen in ASDs. On the contrary, reports on animal models of hypoglutamatergia demonstrate phenotypes that overlap with features seen in autism. So controversies prevail whether to regard autism as hyper- or hypo-glutamatergic disorder. This paper reviews the role of glutamate and its regulatory proteins such as different receptors, transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the pathophysiology of ASD based on evidences gathered through multidisciplinary approaches. All these information raise the possibility of exploiting glutamatergic neurotransmitter system for future therapeutic interventions for ASD. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Choudhury, Paromita Roy; Lahiri, Sanjukta; Rajamma, Usha] Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Manovikas Kendra Rehabil & Res Inst Handicapped, Kolkata 700107, India. RP Rajamma, U (reprint author), Manovikas Biomed Res & Diagnost Ctr, Manovikas Kendra Rehabil & Res Inst Handicapped, 482 Madudah,Plot 1-24,Sect J Em Bypass, Kolkata 700107, India. 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This suggests that glutamate receptor dysregulation may primarily be involved in the expression of ASD, but is an uncommon etiology. Directly implicated in models of fragile-X with ASD phenotypes is metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), which appears to be an effective pharmacologic target in a number of models of ASD. The review of other ASD models demonstrates that there is also evidence of a role for kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors in the neuropathophysiology of ASD, though the relationship between dysfunction in those receptors and ASD-associated phenotypes is not well understood. Current models indicate a way forward to delineate the role of glutamate receptors in ASD. Further development of preclinical models focusing on glutamate receptors may provide tools to target a clinically important subset of ASD symptoms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carlson, Greg C.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Carlson, GC (reprint author), Upenn, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, Room 2226,TRL,125 S 31st St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM gregc@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NICHD [HD062577-02] FX Thanks to Edward S. Brodkin and Steve J. Siegel for reading and insightful comments on this review. Supported in part by funding through NICHD through HD062577-02. 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Biochem. Behav. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 100 IS 4 SI SI BP 850 EP 854 DI 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.003 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 888UE UT WOS:000300029300017 PM 21315104 ER PT J AU Ecker, C Suckling, J Deoni, SC Lombardo, MV Bullmore, ET Baron-Cohen, S Catani, M Jezzard, P Barnes, A Bailey, AJ Williams, SC Murphy, DGM AF Ecker, Christine Suckling, John Deoni, Sean C. Lombardo, Michael V. Bullmore, Ed T. Baron-Cohen, Simon Catani, Marco Jezzard, Peter Barnes, Anna Bailey, Anthony J. Williams, Steven C. Murphy, Declan G. M. CA MRC AIMS Consortium TI Brain Anatomy and Its Relationship to Behavior in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; COGNITIVE CONTROL DEFICITS; EMBEDDED FIGURES TASK; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WHITE-MATTER; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL UNDERCONNECTIVITY AB Context: There is consensus that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by differences in neuroanatomy. However, the neural substrates of ASD during adulthood, as well as how these relate to behavioral variation, remain poorly understood. Objective: To identify brain regions and systems associated with ASD in a large, well-characterized sample of adults. Design: Multicenter case-control design using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Setting: Medical Research Council UK Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (MRC AIMS), with sites comprising the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London; the Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge; and the Autism Research Group, University of Oxford. Participants: Eighty-nine men with ASD and 89 male control participants who did not differ significantly in mean age (26 and 28 years, respectively) and full-scale IQ (110 and 113, respectively). Main Outcome Measures: (I.) Between-group differences in regional neuroanatomy assessed by voxel-based morphometry and (2) distributed neural systems maximally correlated with ASD, as identified by partial least-squares analysis. Results: Adults with ASD did not differ significantly from the controls in overall brain volume, confirming the results of smaller studies of individuals in this age group without intellectual disability. However, voxelwise comparison between groups revealed that individuals with ASD had significantly increased gray matter volume in the anterior temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal regions and significant reductions in the occipital and medial parietal regions compared with controls. These regional differences in neuroanatomy were significantly correlated with the severity of specific autistic symptoms. The large-scale neuroanatomic networks maximally correlated with ASD identified by partial least-squares analysis included the regions identified by voxel-based analysis, as well as the cerebellum, basal ganglia, amygdala, inferior parietal lobe, cingulate cortex, and various medial, orbital, and lateral prefrontal regions. We also observed spatially distributed reductions in white matter volume in participants with AS D. Conclusions: Adults with ASD have distributed differences in brain anatomy and connectivity that are associated with specific autistic features and traits. These results are compatible with the concept of autism as a syndrome characterized by atypical neural "connectivity." C1 [Ecker, Christine; Deoni, Sean C.; Catani, Marco; Murphy, Declan G. M.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. [Williams, Steven C.] Kings Coll London, Ctr Neuroimaging Sci, London SE5 8AF, England. [Suckling, John; Bullmore, Ed T.; Barnes, Anna] Univ Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England. [Lombardo, Michael V.; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Suckling, John; Lombardo, Michael V.; Bullmore, Ed T.; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Barnes, Anna] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England. [Jezzard, Peter] Univ Oxford, FMR1B Ctr Oxford Ctr Funct Magnet Resonance Imagi, Oxford, England. [Bailey, Anthony J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford Autism Res Grp, Oxford, England. RP Ecker, C (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Forens & Neurodev Sci, Campus POB 50,De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England. EM christine.ecker@kcl.ac.uk RI Ecker, Christine/E-5194-2010; Jones, Derek/D-1460-2009; Catani, Marco/H-7801-2012; Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012; Williams, Steve/D-6979-2011; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010; Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262; Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X FU MRC UK [G0400061] FX This work was undertaken by the AIMS Consortium funded by the MRC UK (G0400061). 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Gen. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 69 IS 2 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 887DC UT WOS:000299905400011 PM 22310506 ER PT J AU Hampson, DR Gholizadeh, S Pacey, LKK AF Hampson, D. R. Gholizadeh, S. Pacey, L. K. K. TI Pathways to Drug Development for Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; RETT-SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SYNAPTIC FUNCTION; BRAIN; ASTROCYTES AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose prevalence has risen over the past two decades. Current drug treatments for ASDs and the related disorders-fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Rett syndrome-target specific symptoms but do not address the basic underlying etiologies. However, based partly on an improved understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of FXS, pharmacotherapy for this syndrome has progressed to the point of clinical trials of several novel drug treatments. By contrast, our overall understanding of the neuropathophysiology of ASDs is still rudimentary. There is hope in the field that knowledge and experience gained in the study of fragile X and Rett syndromes may be applicable to the larger autism patient population. In this review, we discuss how recent advances in our understanding of the biochemistry and neuropathology of these disorders could lead to new more effective treatments for ASDs. C1 [Hampson, D. R.; Gholizadeh, S.; Pacey, L. K. K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hampson, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Leslie Dan Fac Pharm, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM d.hampson@utoronto.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Strategic Training Grant in Biological Therapeutics FX We thank D. Pinto and G. Schmitt-Ulms for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Strategic Training Grant in Biological Therapeutics. We apologize to those in the field whom we were unable to cite due to journal restrictions. 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Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 91 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1038/clpt.2011.245 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 883SC UT WOS:000299654000017 PM 22205199 ER PT J AU Fraser, R Cotton, S Gentle, E Angus, B Allott, K Thompson, A AF Fraser, Richard Cotton, Sue Gentle, Ellen Angus, Beth Allott, Kelly Thompson, Andrew TI Non-expert clinicians' detection of autistic traits among attenders of a youth mental health service SO EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE adolescent; autism spectrum disorders; co-morbidity; mental health; prevalence ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Aims: The aims of this study were to determine the point prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and to estimate the prevalence of autistic traits in a youth mental health service. Methods: Following three educational sessions on autism spectrum disorders, treating clinicians were interviewed to determine whether the clients on their caseloads had (i) a confirmed prior diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder; (ii) were felt to exhibit autistic traits; or (iii) were not felt to exhibit autistic traits. Results: Information on autism spectrum disorder status was obtained for 476 patients. Of the included patients, 3.4% (n = 16) had a confirmed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and 7.8% (n = 37) were reported by treating clinicians to exhibit autistic traits. Conclusions: The rate of autism spectrum disorder was higher in this population than that in community samples with twice as many again being identified as having autistic traits by their treating clinicians. This has implications for correct diagnosis and appropriate management in these settings. C1 [Fraser, Richard] Sussex Early Intervent Psychosis Serv, Horsham RH12 1RJ, W Sussex, England. 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Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00288.x PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 882EK UT WOS:000299544200012 PM 21883974 ER PT J AU Dichter, GS Richey, JA Rittenberg, AM Sabatino, A Bodfish, JW AF Dichter, Gabriel S. Richey, J. Anthony Rittenberg, Alison M. Sabatino, Antoinette Bodfish, James W. TI Reward Circuitry Function in Autism During Face Anticipation and Outcomes SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Nucleus accumbens; Anticipation; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Social cognition; Reward ID MEDIAL FRONTAL-CORTEX; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; MIRROR NEURON DYSFUNCTION; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; DECISION-MAKING; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; COORDINATE SYSTEM; COGNITIVE CONTROL AB The aim of this study was to investigate reward circuitry responses in autism during reward anticipation and outcomes for monetary and social rewards. During monetary anticipation, participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) showed hypoactivation in right nucleus accumbens and hyperactivation in right hippocampus, whereas during monetary outcomes, participants with ASDs showed hyperactivation in left midfrontal and anterior cingulate gyrus. Groups did not differ in nucleus accumbens responses to faces. The ASD group demonstrated hyperactivation in bilateral amygdala during face anticipation that predicted social symptom severity and in bilateral insular cortex during face outcomes. These results add to the growing body of evidence that autism is characterized by altered functioning of reward circuitry. Additionally, atypical amygdala activation during the processing of social rewards may contribute to the development or expression of autistic features. C1 [Dichter, Gabriel S.; Richey, J. Anthony; Rittenberg, Alison M.; Bodfish, James W.] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Inst Dev Disabil, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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Unlike previous longitudinal examinations of adult outcome in autism, the twenty participants in this study were evaluated across multiple assessments between early childhood (M = 3.9 years) and adulthood (M = 26.6 years). In early childhood, responsiveness to joint attention (RJA), language, and intelligence were assessed. In adulthood, the parents of participants responded to interviews assessing the adaptive functioning, autistic symptomology and global functioning of their children. RJA and early childhood language predicted a composite measure of adult social functioning and independence. Early childhood language skills and intelligence predicted adult adaptive behaviors. RJA predicted adult non-verbal communication, social skills and symptoms. Adaptive behaviors changed with development, but symptoms of autism did not. Additional factors associated with adult outcomes are discussed. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1225-x PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100003 PM 21424863 ER PT J AU Koh, HC Milne, E AF Koh, Hwan Cui Milne, Elizabeth TI Evidence for a Cultural Influence on Field-Independence in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Perceptual style; Weak central coherence; Culture; Autism spectrum disorders ID PERCEPTION; ATTENTION; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; PRECEDENCE; COHERENCE; DEFICITS; CHINA; JAPAN; TASK AB Field-independence, or weak central coherence, is a recognised phenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is also evidence of cultural variation in this perceptual style, as neurotypical individuals from Western nations are more field-independent than neurotypical individuals from East-Asian nations. The majority of research on perceptual style in those with ASD has been carried out in Western nations therefore it is unclear whether increased field-independence in ASD is a culturally universal phenotype. Here, we assessed perceptual style in children with and without ASD from England and Singapore using the Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Framed-Line Test. We found increased field-independence in the English participants with ASD only, suggesting that weak central coherence in ASD is not culturally universal. C1 [Koh, Hwan Cui; Milne, Elizabeth] Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England. RP Milne, E (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England. 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TI Support for a Dimensional View of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toddlers SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); Early identification; Early diagnosis; Cluster analysis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; CHILDREN; SUBTYPES; INTERESTS; AGREEMENT; SUBGROUPS; DOMAIN AB We examined whether clinically distinct subgroups can be derived from a sample of toddlers (n = 186) who failed the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, received a comprehensive clinical evaluation, and were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three subgroups emerged from cluster analysis distinguished by (a) social, communication, and intellectual skills and (b) the rate and intensity of repetitive behaviors and abnormal sensory response. Preoccupations, compulsions, and rituals did not distinguish resultant subgroups. These results support a dimensional diagnostic view of ASDs in toddlers since subgroup differences were based on symptom severity rather than different symptom profiles. Results also identify specific types and levels of behavioral deficit relevant to toddler populations. Implications for early diagnosis are discussed. C1 [Wiggins, Lisa D.; Robins, Diana L.; Adamson, Lauren B.; Bakeman, Roger; Henrich, Christopher C.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Wiggins, LD (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1230-0 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100005 PM 21448751 ER PT J AU Eldevik, S Hastings, RP Jahr, E Hughes, JC AF Eldevik, Sigmund Hastings, Richard P. Jahr, Erik Hughes, J. Carl TI Outcomes of Behavioral Intervention for Children with Autism in Mainstream Pre-School Settings SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Early intensive behavioral intervention; Autism; Mainstream setting; Pre-school; Effectiveness ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREDICTORS AB We evaluated outcomes for 31 children with autism (2-6 years of age at intake) who received behavioral intervention in mainstream pre-school settings and a comparison group of 12 children receiving treatment as usual. After 2 years, children receiving behavioral intervention had higher IQ scores (Hedges g = 1.03 (95% CI = .34, 1.72) and adaptive behavior composite scores (Hedges g = .73 (95% CI = .05, 1.36). Despite probably fewer intervention hours, these group level outcomes were comparable to studies providing more intensive intervention. Individual child data also showed positive results with 19.4% achieving change at a reliable level for IQ; but a lower percentage than found in recent meta-analysis research. Strengths and weaknesses of the mainstream pre-school delivery model are discussed. C1 [Eldevik, Sigmund] Akershus Univ Coll, N-2001 Lillestrom, Norway. [Hastings, Richard P.; Hughes, J. Carl] Bangor Univ, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jahr, Erik] Akershus Univ Hosp, Akershus, Norway. [Eldevik, Sigmund] Senter Tidlig Intervensjon STI, Oslo, Norway. RP Eldevik, S (reprint author), Akershus Univ Coll, PB 423, N-2001 Lillestrom, Norway. 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Twenty two participants from ten families described both gains and costs resulting from diagnosis. Perceived advantages of AD and AsD diagnosis were increased understanding and practical support, and parental empowerment. Disadvantages included the effects of stigma and concerns about validity. Participants tended to consider AsD and AD as interchangeable terms. Findings suggest that the utility of AD and AsD depends upon both their validity and how these diagnoses are received in their cultural, economic and legislative context. Improvement of post-diagnostic services will improve the utility of AD and AsD. C1 [Calzada, Luisa Ruiz; Pistrang, Nancy; Mandy, William P. L.] UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, London WC1N 6BT, England. RP Mandy, WPL (reprint author), UCL, Res Dept Clin Educ & Hlth Psychol, Gower St, London WC1N 6BT, England. 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TI Implicit Learning of Local Context in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Implicit learning; Visual search; Global; Local ID VISUAL-SEARCH; SPATIAL CONTEXT; ATTENTIONAL GUIDANCE; EXPLICIT MEMORY; CHILDREN; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; INTACT; DISCRIMINATION; INTERFERENCE AB Although previous research has reported impairments in implicit learning in individuals with ASD, research using one implicit learning paradigm, the contextual cueing task (Chun and Jiang in Cognitive Psychol 36:28-71, 1998), shows evidence of intact ability to integrate spatial contextual information. Using an adaptation of this paradigm, we replicated earlier findings showing that contextual cueing facilitates learning in ASD. Nevertheless, we found that exposure to repeated contexts that biased attention to local rather than global displays rendered it difficult for individuals with ASD to adapt to new trials. 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TI Verification of Parent-Report of Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis to a Web-Based Autism Registry SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Web-based research; Parent-report; Community; Diagnosis ID INTERNET; IDENTIFICATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VALIDATION; STRESS; COHORT AB Growing interest in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research requires increasingly large samples to uncover epidemiologic trends; such a large dataset is available in a national, web-based autism registry, the Interactive Autism Network (IAN). The objective of this study was to verify parent-report of professional ASD diagnosis to the registry's database via a medical record review on a sample of IAN Research participants. Sixty-one percent of families agreed to participate; 98% (n = 116) of whom provided documentation verifying a professionally diagnosed ASD. Results of this study suggest that information collected from parents participating in IAN Research is valid, participants can be authenticated, and that scientists can both confidently use IAN data and recruit participants for autism research. C1 [Daniels, Amy M.; Rosenberg, Rebecca E.; Anderson, Connie; Law, J. Kiely; Marvin, Alison R.; Law, Paul A.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. [Daniels, Amy M.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Law, J. Kiely; Law, Paul A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Law, PA (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Dept Med Informat, 3825 Greenspring Ave,Painter Bldg 1st Floor, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. 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Pepler, Debra TI Bullying Experiences Among Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Bullying; Victimization; Peer relationships; Mental health; Autism spectrum disorders ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW CIDI; BEHAVIOR RATING FORM; INTERNET HARASSMENT; MENTAL-HEALTH; PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; PEER VICTIMIZATION; SCREENING SCALES; SCHOOL STUDENTS AB Few studies have investigated bullying experiences among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, preliminary research suggests that children with ASD are at greater risk for being bullied than typically developing peers. The aim of the current study was to build an understanding of bullying experiences among children with ASD based on parent reports by examining rates of various forms of bullying, exploring the association between victimization and mental health problems, and investigating individual and contextual variables as correlates of victimization. Victimization was related to child age, internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, communication difficulties, and number of friends at school, as well as parent mental health problems. Bullying prevention and intervention strategies are discussed. C1 [Cappadocia, M. Catherine; Pepler, Debra] York Univ, Dept Psychol, LaMarsh Ctr Res Violence & Conflict Resolut, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. RP Cappadocia, MC (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Psychol, LaMarsh Ctr Res Violence & Conflict Resolut, 4700 Keele St,TEL 5022, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 278 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1243-8 PG 16 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100013 PM 21484517 ER PT J AU Aldridge, FJ Gibbs, VM Schmidhofer, K Williams, M AF Aldridge, Fiona J. Gibbs, Vicki M. Schmidhofer, Katherine Williams, Megan TI Investigating the Clinical Usefulness of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in a Tertiary Level, Autism Spectrum Disorder Specific Assessment Clinic SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS); Autism spectrum disorder; Screening tools; Assessment; Diagnosis ID ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILDREN; TRAITS; POPULATION; MOOD AB The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; Constantino and Gruber in Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, 2005) is a commonly used screening tool for identifying children with possible autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the relationship between SRS scores and eventual diagnostic outcome for children referred to a tertiary level, autism specific assessment service. Forty eight children (mean age = 8.10; 92% male) underwent a comprehensive ASD assessment. Parent and teacher SRS scores were subsequently compared with diagnostic outcome. Sensitivity was high (91% for parent report; 84% for teacher report), however specificity was much lower (8% for parent report; 41% for teacher report). Results demonstrate a need for caution when interpreting SRS results based on current cut-off scores, particularly in children with previously identified social developmental problems. C1 [Aldridge, Fiona J.; Gibbs, Vicki M.; Schmidhofer, Katherine; Williams, Megan] Autism Spectrum Australia Aspect, Diagnost Assessment Serv, Forestville, NSW 2087, Australia. RP Aldridge, FJ (reprint author), Autism Spectrum Australia Aspect, Diagnost Assessment Serv, POB 361, Forestville, NSW 2087, Australia. 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Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1242-9 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100014 PM 21516433 ER PT J AU Jones, RM Wheelwright, S Farrell, K Martin, E Green, R Di Ceglie, D Baron-Cohen, S AF Jones, Rebecca M. Wheelwright, Sally Farrell, Krista Martin, Emma Green, Richard Di Ceglie, Domenico Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Brief Report: Female-To-Male Transsexual People and Autistic Traits SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Conditions; Gender Identity Disorder; Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ); Co-occurrence ID GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER; POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM QUOTIENT AQ; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SEX-DIFFERENCES; CHILDREN; EMPATHY AB The 'extreme male brain' theory suggests females with Autism Spectrum Conditions are hyper-masculinized in certain aspects of behavior. We predicted that females with Gender Identity Disorder (who are masculinized) would have elevated Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores. AQ scores from five groups were compared: (1) n = 61 transmen (female-to-male transsexual people); (2) n = 198 transwomen (male-to-female transsexual people); (3) n = 76 typical males; (4) n = 98 typical females; and (5) n = 125 individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Transmen had a higher mean AQ than typical females, typical males and transwomen, but lower than individuals with AS. Transmen have more autistic traits and may have had difficulty socializing with female peers and thus found it easier to identify with male peer groups. C1 [Jones, Rebecca M.; Wheelwright, Sally; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England. [Farrell, Krista] Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Addenbrookes Hosp, Cambridge, England. [Martin, Emma] Gender Ident Support & Res Div, Lima House Grp, Little Downham, England. [Green, Richard] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Di Ceglie, Domenico] Tavistock & Portman NHS Fdn Trust, Gender Ident Dev Serv, London, England. RP Jones, RM (reprint author), Weill Cornell Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, 1300 York Ave,Box 140, New York, NY 10065 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100015 PM 21448752 ER PT J AU Lawton, K Kasari, C AF Lawton, Kathy Kasari, Connie TI Brief Report: Longitudinal Improvements in the Quality of Joint Attention in Preschool Children with Autism SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Intervention; Joint attention; Shared positive affect; Preschool ID NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LANGUAGE; PLAY; MOTHERS AB Children with autism exhibit deficits in their quantity and quality of joint attention. Early autism intervention studies rarely document improvement in joint attention quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a change in joint attention quality for preschoolers with autism who were randomized to a joint attention intervention, symbolic play intervention, or a control group. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1231-z PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100016 PM 22187107 ER PT J AU Pagani, M Manouilenko, I Stone-Elander, S Odh, R Salmaso, D Hatherly, R Brolin, F Jacobsson, H Larsson, SA Bejerot, S AF Pagani, Marco Manouilenko, Irina Stone-Elander, Sharon Odh, Richard Salmaso, Dario Hatherly, Robert Brolin, Fredrik Jacobsson, Hans Larsson, Stig A. Bejerot, Susanne TI Brief Report: Alterations in Cerebral Blood Flow as Assessed by PET/CT in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Normal IQ SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE High functioning autism; PET/CT; [1-C-11]butanol; Cerebral blood flow ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; C-11 BUTANOL; BRAIN; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; PERMEABILITY; WATER; ATTENTION AB Specific biological markers for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have not yet been established. Functional studies have shown abnormalities in the anatomo-functional connectivity of the limbic-striatal "social" brain. This study aimed to investigate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest. Thirteen patients with ASD of normal intelligence and ten IQ-, sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent PET/CT using [1-C-11]butanol, a perfusion tracer. As compared to HC, ASD showed significant CBF increases in the right parahippocampal, posterior cingulate, primary visual and temporal cortex, putamen, caudatus, substantia nigra and cerebellum. No statistically significant correlation between CBF and IQ was found. The limbic, posterior associative and cerebellar cortices showed increased blood flow in ASD, confirming previous findings about the neurobiology of ASD. C1 [Pagani, Marco; Salmaso, Dario] CNR, Inst Cognit Sci & Technol, I-00185 Padua, Italy. 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Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1240-y PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100017 PM 21487836 ER PT J AU Vavolizza, RD Schmeidler, J Ramoz, N Buxbaum, JD Smith, CJ Silverman, JM AF Vavolizza, Rick D. Schmeidler, James Ramoz, Nicolas Buxbaum, Joseph D. Smith, Christopher J. Silverman, Jeremy M. TI The Effect of an Autism-Associated Polymorphism in the STK39 Gene on the Autism Symptom Domains SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Letter C1 [Schmeidler, James; Buxbaum, Joseph D.; Silverman, Jeremy M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Vavolizza, Rick D.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ramoz, Nicolas] Univ Paris 05, INSERM, UMR894, Paris, France. [Smith, Christopher J.] SW Autism Res & Resource Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Silverman, JM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM jeremy.silverman@mssm.edu CR LORD C, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P659, DOI 10.1007/BF02172145 Ramoz N, 2008, AM J MED GENET B, V147B, P1152, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30739 Silverman JM, 2008, AM J MED GENET B, V147B, P408, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.b.30614 Silverman JM, 2002, AM J MED GENET, V114, P64, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.10048 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1226-9 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100018 PM 21442361 ER PT J AU VanBergeijk, E AF VanBergeijk, Ernst TI Social Enjoyment Groups for Children, Teens, and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Guiding Toward Growth SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Book Review C1 [VanBergeijk, Ernst] New York Inst Technol, Vocat Independence Program, Cent Islip, NY 11722 USA. RP VanBergeijk, E (reprint author), New York Inst Technol, Vocat Independence Program, 300 Carleton Ave,Room 112 Independence Hall, Cent Islip, NY 11722 USA. EM evanberg@nyit.edu CR Canfield J, 1976, 100 WAYS ENHANCE SEL Canfield J., 1976, SOCIAL ENJOYMENT GRO Fluegelman Andrew, 1976, NEW GAMES BOOK Rohnke K. E., 1984, COWTAILS COBRAS GUID Rohnke K. E., 1977, MORE NEW GAMES BOOK Rohnke Karl E., 1984, SILVER BULLETS GUIDE NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 321 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s10803-011-1247-4 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 881XU UT WOS:000299526100019 ER PT J AU Frazier, TW AF Frazier, Thomas W. TI Friends Not Foes: Combined Risperidone and Behavior Therapy for Irritability in Autism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDER; MEDICATION; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN C1 [Frazier, Thomas W.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism, Cleveland, OH 44104 USA. [Frazier, Thomas W.] Cleveland Clin, Ctr Pediat Behav Hlth, Cleveland, OH 44104 USA. RP Frazier, TW (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Ctr Autism CRS 10, 2801 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44104 USA. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.10.017 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 882YD UT WOS:000299598900002 PM 22265357 ER PT J AU Scahill, L McDougle, CJ Aman, MG Johnson, C Handen, B Bearss, K Dziura, J Butter, E Swiezy, NG Arnold, LE Stigler, KA Sukhodolsky, DD Lecavalier, L Pozdol, SL Nikolov, R Hollway, JA Korzekwa, P Gavaletz, A Kohn, AE Koenig, K Grinnon, S Mulick, JA Yu, S Vitiello, B AF Scahill, Lawrence McDougle, Christopher J. Aman, Michael G. Johnson, Cynthia Handen, Benjamin Bearss, Karen Dziura, James Butter, Eric Swiezy, Naomi G. Arnold, L. Eugene Stigler, Kimberly A. Sukhodolsky, Denis D. Lecavalier, Luc Pozdol, Stacie L. Nikolov, Roumen Hollway, Jill A. Korzekwa, Patricia Gavaletz, Allison Kohn, Arlene E. Koenig, Kathleen Grinnon, Stacie Mulick, James A. Yu, Sunkyung Vitiello, Benedetto CA Pediat Psychopharmacology Autism TI Effects of Risperidone and Parent Training on Adaptive Functioning in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Serious Behavioral Problems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE risperidone; parent training; pervasive developmental disorders; children; adaptive behavior ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS; YOUNG-PEOPLE; MEDICATION; INDIVIDUALS; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; CHECKLIST; VERSION; TRIAL AB Objective: Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have social interaction deficits, delayed communication, and repetitive behaviors as well as impairments in adaptive functioning. Many children actually show a decline in adaptive skills compared with age mates over time. Method: This 24-week, three-site, controlled clinical trial randomized 124 children (4 through 13 years of age) with PDDs and serious behavioral problems to medication alone (MED; n = 49; risperidone 0.5 to 3.5 mg/day; if ineffective, switch to aripiprazole was permitted) or a combination of medication plus parent training (PT) (COMB; n = 75). Parents of children in COMB received an average of 11.4 PT sessions. Standard scores and Age-Equivalent scores on Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were the outcome measures of primary interest. Results: Seventeen subjects did not have a post-randomization Vineland assessment. Thus, we used a mixed model with outcome conditioned on the baseline Vineland scores. Both groups showed improvement over the 24-week trial on all Vineland domains. Compared with MED. Vineland Socialization and Adaptive Composite Standard scores showed greater improvement in the COMB group (p = .01 and .05, and effect sizes = 0.35 and 0.22, respectively). On Age Equivalent scores, Socialization and Communication domains showed greater improvement in COMB versus MED (p = .03 and 0.05, and effect sizes = 0.33 and 0.14, respectively). Using logistic regression, children in the COMB group were twice as likely to make at least 6 months' gain (equal to the passage of time) in the Vineland Communication Age Equivalent score compared with MED (p = .02). After controlling for IQ this difference was no longer significant. Conclusion: Reduction of serious maladaptive behavior promotes improvement in adaptive behavior. Medication plus PT shows modest additional benefit over medication alone. Clinical trial registration information-RUPP PI PDD: Drug and Behavioral Therapy for Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00080145. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2012;51(2):136-146. C1 [Scahill, Lawrence] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McDougle, Christopher J.; Swiezy, Naomi G.; Stigler, Kimberly A.; Pozdol, Stacie L.; Korzekwa, Patricia; Kohn, Arlene E.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Aman, Michael G.; Butter, Eric; Arnold, L. Eugene; Lecavalier, Luc; Hollway, Jill A.; Mulick, James A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, Cynthia; Handen, Benjamin] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Vitiello, Benedetto] NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Scahill, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Lawrence.scahill@yale.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) by Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) [U10MH66764, U10MH66766, U10MH66768]; Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) [UL1 RR024139]; Indiana University CTSA [UL1 RR025761]; Ohio State University CTSA from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR025755]; NIMH; Shire; Seaside; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Johnson and Johnson; Eli Lilly and Co.; Autism Speaks; Neuropharm; Targacept; Janssen; Pediamed FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) by the following Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) grants: U10MH66764 (Yale); U10MH66766 (Indiana University); U10MH66768 (Ohio State University). NIMH staff participated in the design and implementation, analysis of data, and authorship of the manuscript. Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development provided active risperidone for the study, but had no role in the design and implementation, analysis of the data, or authorship of the manuscript. This publication was also supported by the Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) UL1 RR024139, Indiana University CTSA UL1 RR025761, and Ohio State University CTSA UL1 RR025755 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). Drs. Scahill, McDougle, Amon, Johnson, Handen, Bearss, Dziura, Butter, Swiezy, Arnold, Stigler, Sukhodolsky, Lecavalier, Mulick, Pozdol, Nikolov, Korzekwa, and Vitiello, and Ms. Ritz, Ms. Holloway, Ms. Gavaletz, Ms. Kohn, Ms, Koenig, Ms. Grinnon, and Ms. Yu received salary support from NIMH in support of the study.Dr. Scahill serves as a consultant for BioMarin, BoehringerIngelheim, Hoffman, NeuroSearch, and Pfizer. He has received research support from Shire and Seaside. Dr. Aman has sewed as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, BioMarin, Forest, Hoffman, Pfizer, and Supernus. He has received research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Johnson and Johnson. Dr. Arnold has served as a consultant to Abbott, BioMarin, Novartis, Naves, Organon, Shire, and Targacept. He has received research support from Eli Lilly and Co., Autism Speaks, Neuropharm, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Shire, and Targacept. Dr. McDougle has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb and Forest. He has received research support from and served on the speakers' bureau for Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Stigler has received research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Co., and Janssen. Dr. Handen has received research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Neuropharm, and Pediamed. He has served as a consultant to Forest and Eisai. Drs. Beams, Sukhodolsky, Nikolov, Dziura, Butter, Lecavalier, Mulick, Swiezy, Johnson, and Vitiello, and Ms. Koenig, Ms. Gavaletz, Ms. Yu, Ms. Holloway, Ms. Kohn, Ms. Pozdol, Ms. Korzekwa, and Ms. Grinnon report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. CR Aman MG, 2009, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V48, P1143, DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181bfd669 Aman MG, 2005, J CHILD ADOL PSYCHOP, V15, P116, DOI 10.1089/cap.2005.15.116 AMAN MG, 1985, AM J MENT DEF, V89, P492 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Barkley R. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11.010 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 882YD UT WOS:000299598900005 PM 22265360 ER PT J AU Rogers, CE Anderson, PJ Thompson, DK Kidokoro, H Wallendorf, M Treyvaud, K Roberts, G Doyle, LW Neil, JJ Inder, TE AF Rogers, Cynthia E. Anderson, Peter J. Thompson, Deanne K. Kidokoro, Hiroyuki Wallendorf, Michael Treyvaud, Karli Roberts, Gehan Doyle, Lex W. Neil, Jeffrey J. Inder, Terrie E. TI Regional Cerebral Development at Term Relates to School-Age Social-Emotional Development in Very Preterm Children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE preterm infant; neurodevelopment; social-emotional development; orbitofrontal cortex; hippocampus ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; WHITE-MATTER INJURY; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; PREMATURE-INFANT; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUMES; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; RISK-FACTORS; AUTISM; OUTCOMES AB Objective: Preterm children are at risk for social emotional difficulties, including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We assessed the relationship of regional brain development in preterm children, evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent postmenstrual age (TEA), to later social emotional difficulties. Method: MR images obtained at TEA from 184 very preterm infants (gestation <30 weeks or birth weight <1,250 g) were analyzed for white matter abnormalities, hippocampal volume, and brain metrics. A total of 111 infants underwent diffusion tensor imaging, which provided values for fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient. Social emotional development was assessed with the Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) at age 2 and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at age 5 years. Results: Higher apparent diffusion coefficient in the right orbitofrontal cortex was associated with social emotional problems at age 5 years (peer problems, p < .01). In females, smaller hippocampal volume was associated with increased hyperactivity (p < .01), peer problems (p < .05), and SDQ total score < .01). In males, a smaller frontal region was associated with poorer prosocial (p < .05) scores. Many of the hippocampal findings remained significant after adjusting for birthweight z score, intelligence, social risk, immaturity at birth, and parental mental health. These associations were present in children who had social emotional problems in similar domains at age 2 and those who did not. Conclusions: Early alterations in regional cerebral development in very preterm infants relate to specific deficits in social emotional performance by school-age. These results vary by gender. Our results provide further evidence for a neuroanatomical basis for behavioral challenges found in very preterm children. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2012;51(2):181-191. C1 [Rogers, Cynthia E.; Kidokoro, Hiroyuki; Wallendorf, Michael; Neil, Jeffrey J.; Inder, Terrie E.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Anderson, Peter J.; Thompson, Deanne K.; Roberts, Gehan; Doyle, Lex W.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Rogers, CE (reprint author), 660 S Euclid Ave,Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM rogersc@psychiatry.wustl.edu RI Anderson, Peter/B-6839-2015 OI Anderson, Peter/0000-0001-7430-868X FU National Health and Medical Research Council [237117]; National Institute of Health [HD058056]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [5T32AA007580]; National Center for Research Resources [UL1 RR024992]; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation FX This study was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (no. 237117), National Institute of Health (HD058056), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5T32AA007580), the National Center for Research Resources (UL1 RR024992) and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11.009 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 882YD UT WOS:000299598900009 PM 22265364 ER PT J AU Allison, C Auyeung, B Baron-Cohen, S AF Allison, Carrie Auyeung, Bonnie Baron-Cohen, Simon TI Toward Brief "Red Flags" for Autism Screening: The Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 Cases and 3,000 Controls SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum conditions; red flags; referral; screening; questionnaires ID TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; DIAGNOSTIC VALIDITY; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PARENT-REPORT; POPULATION; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; AQ; PREVALENCE AB Objective: Frontline health professionals need a "red flag" tool to aid their decision making about whether to make a referral for a full diagnostic assessment for an autism spectrum condition (ASC) in children and adults. The aim was to identify 10 items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) (Adult, Adolescent, and Child versions) and on the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) with good test accuracy. Method: A case sample of more than 1,000 individuals with ASC (449 adults, 162 adolescents, 432 children and 126 toddlers) and a control sample of 3,000 controls (838 adults, 475 adolescents, 940 children, and 754 toddlers) with no ASC diagnosis participated. Case participants were recruited from the Autism Research Centre's database of volunteers. The control samples were recruited through a variety of sources. Participants completed full-length versions of the measures. The 10 best items were selected on each instrument to produce short versions. Results: At a cut-point of 6 on the AQ-10 adult, sensitivity was 0.88, specificity was 0.91, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.85. At a cut-point of 6 on the AQ-10 adolescent, sensitivity was 0.93, specificity was 0.95, and PPV was 0.86. At a cut-point of 6 on the AQ-10 child, sensitivity was 0.95, specificity was 0.97, and PPV was 0.94. At a cut-point of 3 on the Q-CHAT-10, sensitivity was 0.91, specificity was 0.89, and PPV was 0.58. Internal consistency was >0.85 on all measures. Conclusions: The short measures have potential to aid referral decision making for specialist assessment and should be further evaluated. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2012;51(2):202-212. C1 [Allison, Carrie] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. RP Allison, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. EM cla29@cam.ac.uk FU Big Lottery Fund; Medical Research Council; Three Guineas Trust; National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care FX Funding was made possible from grants from the Big Lottery Fund, the Medical Research Council, the Three Guineas Trust, and the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. 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Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 51 IS 2 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11.003 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 882YD UT WOS:000299598900011 PM 22265366 ER PT J AU Kirov, G Pocklington, AJ Holmans, P Ivanov, D Ikeda, M Ruderfer, D Moran, J Chambert, K Toncheva, D Georgieva, L Grozeva, D Fjodorova, M Wollerton, R Rees, E Nikolov, I van de Lagemaat, LN Bayes, A Fernandez, E Olason, PI Bottcher, Y Komiyama, NH Collins, MO Choudhary, J Stefansson, K Stefansson, H Grant, SGN Purcell, S Sklar, P O'Donovan, MC Owen, MJ AF Kirov, G. Pocklington, A. J. Holmans, P. Ivanov, D. Ikeda, M. Ruderfer, D. Moran, J. Chambert, K. Toncheva, D. Georgieva, L. Grozeva, D. Fjodorova, M. Wollerton, R. Rees, E. Nikolov, I. van de Lagemaat, L. N. Bayes, A. Fernandez, E. Olason, P. I. Boettcher, Y. Komiyama, N. H. Collins, M. O. Choudhary, J. Stefansson, K. Stefansson, H. Grant, S. G. N. Purcell, S. Sklar, P. O'Donovan, M. C. Owen, M. J. TI De novo CNV analysis implicates specific abnormalities of postsynaptic signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE CNV; de novo; DLG; EHMT1; postsynaptic; schizophrenia ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; RARE CHROMOSOMAL DELETIONS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENOME-WIDE; HIGH-RISK; VARIANTS; AUTISM; GENES; MICRODELETIONS; DUPLICATIONS AB A small number of rare, recurrent genomic copy number variants (CNVs) are known to substantially increase susceptibility to schizophrenia. As a consequence of the low fecundity in people with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes to which these CNVs contribute, CNVs with large effects on risk are likely to be rapidly removed from the population by natural selection. Accordingly, such CNVs must frequently occur as recurrent de novo mutations. In a sample of 662 schizophrenia proband-parent trios, we found that rare de novo CNV mutations were significantly more frequent in cases (5.1% all cases, 5.5% family history negative) compared with 2.2% among 2623 controls, confirming the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Eight de novo CNVs occurred at four known schizophrenia loci (3q29, 15q11.2, 15q13.3 and 16p11.2). De novo CNVs of known pathogenic significance in other genomic disorders were also observed, including deletion at the TAR (thrombocytopenia absent radius) region on 1q21.1 and duplication at the WBS (Williams-Beuren syndrome) region at 7q11.23. Multiple de novos spanned genes encoding members of the DLG (discs large) family of membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) that are components of the postsynaptic density (PSD). Two de novos also affected EHMT1, a histone methyl transferase known to directly regulate DLG family members. Using a systems biology approach and merging novel CNV and proteomics data sets, systematic analysis of synaptic protein complexes showed that, compared with control CNVs, case de novos were significantly enriched for the PSD proteome (P=1.72 x 10(-6)). This was largely explained by enrichment for members of the N-methyl-b-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (P=4.24 x 10(-6)) and neuronal activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) (P=3.78 x 10(-6)) postsynaptic signalling complexes. In an analysis of 18 492 subjects (7907 cases and 10 585 controls), case CNVs were enriched for members of the NMDAR complex (P=0.0015) but not ARC (P=0.14). Our data indicate that defects in NMDAR postsynaptic signalling and, possibly, ARC complexes, which are known to be important in synaptic plasticity and cognition, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry (2012) 17, 142-153; doi:10.1038/mp.2011.154; published online 15 November 2011 C1 [Kirov, G.; Pocklington, A. J.; Holmans, P.; Ivanov, D.; Georgieva, L.; Grozeva, D.; Fjodorova, M.; Wollerton, R.; Rees, E.; Nikolov, I.; O'Donovan, M. C.; Owen, M. J.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, Sch Med, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genoom,Neurosci & M, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. [Ikeda, M.] Fujita Hlth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Toyoake, Aichi 47011, Japan. [Ruderfer, D.; Purcell, S.; Sklar, P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ruderfer, D.; Purcell, S.; Sklar, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Ruderfer, D.; Purcell, S.; Sklar, P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Ruderfer, D.; Moran, J.; Chambert, K.; Purcell, S.; Sklar, P.] Broad Inst, Stanley Ctr Psychiat Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Toncheva, D.] Univ Hosp Maichin Dom, Sofia, Bulgaria. [van de Lagemaat, L. N.; Bayes, A.; Komiyama, N. H.; Grant, S. G. N.] Univ Edinburgh, Genes Cognit Program, Sch Mol & Clin Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fernandez, E.] KU Leuven Med Sch, VIB Dept Mol & Dev Genet, Louvain, Belgium. [Olason, P. I.; Boettcher, Y.; Stefansson, K.; Stefansson, H.] deCODE Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Collins, M. O.; Choudhary, J.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton, Cambs, England. RP Kirov, G (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Dept Psychol Med & Neurol, Sch Med, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genoom,Neurosci & M, Henry Wellcome Bldg,Heath Pk, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. EM kirov@cardiff.ac.uk RI Holmans, Peter/F-4518-2015 OI Holmans, Peter/0000-0003-0870-9412 FU Janssen Research Foundation; Stanley Medical Research Institute; Merck Genome Research Foundation; Herman Foundation; Medical Research Council (MRC) [G0800509]; Centre Grants, the National Institutes of Mental Health (USA) [CONTE: 2 P50 MH066392-05A1]; EU (EU-GEI); EU [HEALTH-2007-2.2.1-10-223423, PIAG-GA-2008-218251, 241995, 242498, 242167]; Genes to Cognition Program; Wellcome Trust; MRC [G06706B]; EMBO; European Commission FX We acknowledge the families who participated in the study. Funding for recruitment was provided by the Janssen Research Foundation. Genotyping was funded by multiple grants to the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute from the Stanley Medical Research Institute, The Merck Genome Research Foundation and the Herman Foundation. Work at Cardiff University was funded by Medical Research Council (MRC) Programme (Ref G0800509) and Centre Grants, the National Institutes of Mental Health (USA) (CONTE: 2 P50 MH066392-05A1) and a grant from the EU (EU-GEI). Genotyping and CNV analysis in the Icelandic trios by deCODE Genetics was funded in part by EU grants: HEALTH-2007-2.2.1-10-223423 (Project PsychCNV), PIAG-GA-2008-218251 (Project PsychGene) and IMI-JU-NewMeds. SGNG, AB, EF, LNVL, JC, NHK and MOC were supported by the Genes to Cognition Program funded by the Wellcome Trust, MRC Project (Ref G06706B), EU grants: (Project GENCODYS Nr 241995, Project EUROSPIN No. 242498 and Project SYNSYS No. 242167). AB is supported by EMBO and the European Commission. We acknowledge Edward Scolnick for helpful discussions. 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Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 17 IS 2 BP 142 EP 153 DI 10.1038/mp.2011.154 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 885SZ UT WOS:000299802400007 PM 22083728 ER PT J AU Konopka, G Wexler, E Rosen, E Mukamel, Z Osborn, GE Chen, L Lu, D Gao, F Gao, K Lowe, JK Geschwind, DH AF Konopka, G. Wexler, E. Rosen, E. Mukamel, Z. Osborn, G. E. Chen, L. Lu, D. Gao, F. Gao, K. Lowe, J. K. Geschwind, D. H. TI Modeling the functional genomics of autism using human neurons SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE model system; neuropsychiatric disease; pharmacogenomics; high-throughput drug screen; neurodevelopment ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; NEURAL DEVELOPMENT; WIDE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; GENES; EPILEPSY; TRANSCRIPTOME AB Human neural progenitors from a variety of sources present new opportunities to model aspects of human neuropsychiatric disease in vitro. Such in vitro models provide the advantages of a human genetic background combined with rapid and easy manipulation, making them highly useful adjuncts to animal models. Here, we examined whether a human neuronal culture system could be utilized to assess the transcriptional program involved in human neural differentiation and to model some of the molecular features of a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism. Primary normal human neuronal progenitors (NHNPs) were differentiated into a post-mitotic neuronal state through addition of specific growth factors and whole-genome gene expression was examined throughout a time course of neuronal differentiation. After 4 weeks of differentiation, a significant number of genes associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are either induced or repressed. This includes the ASD susceptibility gene neurexin 1, which showed a distinct pattern from neurexin 3 in vitro, and which we validated in vivo in fetal human brain. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we visualized the network structure of transcriptional regulation, demonstrating via this unbiased analysis that a significant number of ASD candidate genes are coordinately regulated during the differentiation process. As NHNPs are genetically tractable and manipulable, they can be used to study both the effects of mutations in multiple ASD candidate genes on neuronal differentiation and gene expression in combination with the effects of potential therapeutic molecules. These data also provide a step towards better understanding of the signaling pathways disrupted in ASD. Molecular Psychiatry (2012) 17, 202-214; doi:10.1038/mp.2011.60; published online 7 June 2011 C1 [Geschwind, D. H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Dept Neurol,Semel Inst,Program Neurogenet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Geschwind, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Dept Neurol,Semel Inst,Program Neurogenet, 695 Charles E Young Dr S,Gonda 2506, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dhg@ucla.edu FU NIMH [R37MH060233, R01MH081754, K99MH090238, K08MH074362]; Shappel-Guerin Foundation; A.P. Giannini Foundation; NARSAD; NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland (NICHD) [N01-HD-4-3368, N01-HD-4-3383] FX This work is supported by grants from the NIMH (R37MH060233 and R01MH081754) to DHG and the Shappel-Guerin Foundation. GK is supported by an A.P. Giannini Foundation Medical Research Fellowship, a NARSAD Young Investigator Award, and the NIMH (K99MH090238). EW is supported by the NIMH (K08MH074362). Human tissue was obtained from the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland (NICHD Contract numbers N01-HD-4-3368 and N01-HD-4-3383). The role of the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank is to distribute tissue and therefore cannot endorse the studies performed or the interpretation of results. 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The statistical power to detect associations of common variants with small effects is increased by conducting joint association tests of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), an additional risk factor (F), and their interaction. F can represent an environmental exposure, another genotype or any source of genetic heterogeneity. In case and control studies, logistic regression makes joint tests straightforward. This analytic method cannot be employed directly when SNP transmission tests are used to detect associations in parent/affected child trios and multiplex families. However, the method can be implemented using the case/pseudocontrol approach. We applied this approach to analyze data from a genomewide association study of multiplex families ascertained for Autism Spectrum Disorder, where sex was used to define the F. Joint analyses revealed two associations exceeding genomewide significance. One novel gene, Ryandine Receptor 2, implicated in calcium channel defects, was identified with a joint P-value of 3.9E-11. Calcium channel defects have been connected to Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by Timothy Syndrome, which is Mendelian, and a previous targeted sex-specific association analysis of idiopathic Autism. A second gene, uridine phosphorylase 2, with a joint P-value of 2.3E-9, has been previously linked and associated with Autism in independent samples. These findings highlight two Autism candidate genes for follow-up studies. Molecular Psychiatry (2012) 17, 215-222; doi:10.1038/mp.2010.127; published online 14 December 2010 C1 [Lu, A. T-H; Cantor, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cantor, R. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Dept Psychiat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cantor, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Human Genet, David Geffen Sch Med, 695 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rcantor@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIH/NIMH Autism Center of Excellence network [MH081754]; National Institute of Mental Health [1U24MH081810] FX These analyses were supported by NIH/NIMH Autism Center of Excellence network Grant MH081754 to Daniel Geschwind (PI). We gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by Grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M. Lajonchere (PI). 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The minimal region shared among affected individuals includes MECP2 and IRAK1, although it is unclear which gene when overexpressed causes anxiety and social behavior deficits. We report that doubling MECP2 levels causes heightened anxiety and autism-like features in mice and alters the expression of genes that influence anxiety and social behavior, such as Crh and Oprm1. To test the hypothesis that alterations in these two genes contribute to heightened anxiety and social behavior deficits, we analyzed MECP2 duplication mice (MECP2-TG1) that have reduced Crh and Oprm1 expression. In MECP2-TG1 animals, reducing the levels of Crh or its receptor, Crhr1, suppressed anxiety-like behavior; in contrast, reducing Oprm1 expression improved abnormal social behavior. These data indicate that increased MeCP2 levels affect molecular pathways underlying anxiety and social behavior and provide new insight into potential therapies for MECP2-related disorders. C1 [Samaco, Rodney C.; Mandel-Brehm, Caleigh; Shaw, Chad A.; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Samaco, Rodney C.; McGraw, Christopher M.; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Duncan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [McGraw, Christopher M.; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Program Dev Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [McGill, Bryan E.; Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Neurol Sect, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zoghbi, Huda Y.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Zoghbi, HY (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM hzoghbi@bcm.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [NS043124, NS073317, NS057819, HD24064]; Autism Speaks; Carl C. Anderson, Sr. and Marie Jo Anderson Charitable Foundation; Simons Foundation; Rett Syndrome Research Trust FX We thank M. Ramocki and J. Neul for critical reading of the manuscript, C. Spencer, R. Paylor and P. Moretti for advice on neurobehavioral tasks, the Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) Microarray core and the BCM Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) RNA In Situ and Mouse Neurobehavior cores for use of their facilities. This work was funded by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (NS043124 to R.C.S.; NS073317 to C.M.M.; NS057819 to H.Y.Z.; and HD24064 to H.Y.Z. and the BCM IDDRC), the Autism Speaks (Predoctoral Fellowship to R.C.S.), the Carl C. Anderson, Sr. and Marie Jo Anderson Charitable Foundation, the Simons Foundation and the Rett Syndrome Research Trust (to H.Y.Z.). H.Y.Z. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. 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C1 [Goffin, Darren; Allen, Megan; Zhang, Le; Amorim, Maria; Wang, I-Ting Judy; Reyes, Arith-Ruth S.; Zhou, Zhaolan] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mercado-Berton, Amy; Blendy, Julie A.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ong, Caroline; Cohen, Sonia; Hu, Linda; Greenberg, Michael E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carlson, Gregory C.; Siegel, Steve J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, ZL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM zhaolan@mail.med.upenn.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [R00 NS058391, P30 HD026979]; Philadelphia Foundation; International Rett Syndrome Foundation; Alavi-Dabiri Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Tom Kadesch, an inspirational colleague and mentor. We thank A. West, D. Epstein and members of the Zhou laboratory for critical readings of the manuscript, and the Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Center Gene Manipulation Core (P30 HD18655) at the Children's Hospital Boston for generation of knockin mice (M. Thompson, Y. Zhou and H. Ye). This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (R00 NS058391 and P30 HD026979), the Philadelphia Foundation and International Rett Syndrome Foundation to Z.Z. D.G. acknowledges the generous support of the Alavi-Dabiri Postdoctoral Fellowship. Z.Z. is a Pew Scholar in Biomedical Science. 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1038/nn.2997 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882ZX UT WOS:000299603500019 PM 22119903 ER PT J AU Eickhoff, SB Bzdok, D Laird, AR Kurth, F Fox, PT AF Eickhoff, Simon B. Bzdok, Danilo Laird, Angela R. Kurth, Florian Fox, Peter T. TI Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE fMRI; PET; Permutation; Inference; Cluster-thresholding ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PERSONALLY FAMILIAR FACES; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; FMRI; BRAIN; ATTENTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB A widely used technique for coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging data is activation likelihood estimation (ALE), which determines the convergence of foci reported from different experiments. ALE analysis involves modelling these foci as probability distributions whose width is based on empirical estimates of the spatial uncertainty due to the between-subject and between-template variability of neuroimaging data. ALE results are assessed against a null-distribution of random spatial association between experiments, resulting in random-effects inference. In the present revision of this algorithm, we address two remaining drawbacks of the previous algorithm. First, the assessment of spatial association between experiments was based on a highly time-consuming permutation test, which nevertheless entailed the danger of underestimating the right tail of the null-distribution. In this report, we outline how this previous approach may be replaced by a faster and more precise analytical method. Second, the previously applied correction procedure, i.e. controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), is supplemented by new approaches for correcting the family-wise error rate and the cluster-level significance. The different alternatives for drawing inference on meta-analytic results are evaluated on an exemplary dataset on face perception as well as discussed with respect to their methodological limitations and advantages. In summary, we thus replaced the previous permutation algorithm with a faster and more rigorous analytical solution for the null-distribution and comprehensively address the issue of multiple-comparison corrections. The proposed revision of the ALE-algorithm should provide an improved tool for conducting coordinate-based meta-analyses on functional imaging data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Eickhoff, Simon B.; Bzdok, Danilo] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat, Aachen, Germany. [Eickhoff, Simon B.; Bzdok, Danilo] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM2, Julich, Germany. [Eickhoff, Simon B.; Bzdok, Danilo] Julich Aachen Res Alliance JARA Translat Brain Me, Aachen, Germany. [Laird, Angela R.; Fox, Peter T.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Res Imaging Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kurth, Florian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eickhoff, SB (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Med IME, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM S.Eickhoff@fz-juelich.de RI Laird, Angela/B-5800-2010; Fox, Peter/B-4725-2010 OI Fox, Peter/0000-0002-0465-2028 FU Human Brain Project [R01-MH074457-01A1]; DFG [IRTG 1328]; Helmholtz Initiative on Systems-Biology "The Human Brain Model" FX We acknowledge funding by the Human Brain Project (R01-MH074457-01A1; PTF, ARL, SBE), the DFG (IRTG 1328; SBE, DB) and the Helmholtz Initiative on Systems-Biology "The Human Brain Model" (SBE). 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Angelos, Lisa Dalton, Kim M. Fischer, Ron Anderle, Michael J. Alexander, Andrew L. Davidson, Richard J. TI Reliable non-invasive measurement of human neurochemistry using proton spectroscopy with an anatomically defined amygdala-specific voxel SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic resonance; Spectroscopy; Amygdala; Biomarker; Neurochemistry; n-aceytl-aspartate; Creatine; Choline; Inositol; Human; In-vivo; Short-echo ID H-1-MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HUMAN BRAIN; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA; MR SPECTROSCOPY; 3 TESLA; HIPPOCAMPUS; VOLUMES; VARIABILITY AB Given the central role of the amygdala in fear perception and expression and its likely abnormality in affective disorders and autism, there is great demand for a technique to measure differences in neurochemistry of the human amygdala. Unfortunately, it is also a technically complex target for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) due to a small volume, high field inhomogeneity and a shared boundary with hippocampus, which can undergo opposite changes in response to stress. We attempted to achieve reliable PRESS-localized single-voxel MRS at 3T of the isolated human amygdala by using anatomy to guide voxel size and location. We present data from 106 amygdala-MRS sessions from 58 volunteers aged 10 to 52 years, including two tests of one-week stability and a feasibility study in an adolescent sample. Our main outcomes were indices of spectral quality, repeated measurement variability (within- and between-subject standard deviations), and sensitivity to stable individual differences measured by intra-class correlation (ICC). We present metrics of amygdala-MRS reliability for n-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, choline, myo-Inositol, and glutamate + glutamine (Glx). We found that scan quality suffers an age-related difference in field homogeneity and modified our protocol to compensate. We further identified an effect of anatomical inclusion near the endorhinal sulcus, a region of high synaptic density, that contributes up to 29% of within-subject variability across 4 sessions (n = 14). Remaining variability in line width but not signal-to-noise also detracts from reliability. Statistical correction for partial inclusion of these strong neurochemical gradients decreases n-acetyl-aspartate reliability from an intraclass correlation of 0.84 to 0.56 for 7-minute acquisitions. This suggests that systematic differences in anatomical inclusion can contribute greatly to apparent neurochemical concentrations and could produce false group differences in experimental studies. Precise, anatomically-based prescriptions that avoid age-related sources of inhomogeneity and use longer scan times may permit study of individual differences in neurochemistry throughout development in this late-maturing structure. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nacewicz, Brendon M.; Angelos, Lisa; Dalton, Kim M.; Fischer, Ron; Anderle, Michael J.; Alexander, Andrew L.; Davidson, Richard J.] Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Davidson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Lab Brain Imaging & Behav, Room T-225 Waisman Ctr,1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM rjdavids@wisc.edu FU Conte Neuroscience Center from the National Institute of Mental Health [HD03352, P50-MH084051PI]; National Institute of Mental Health [MH082267, MH081467] FX We would like to thank all of the individuals and families that participated in our studies. Funding for this project provided by a P30 award (HD03352) to the Waisman Center for Developmental Disabilities (Dr. Davidson, imaging core project PI), a Conte Neuroscience Center from the National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH084051PI: Rj Davidson), as well as an R03 award to Dr. Dalton (MH082267) and a Ruth Kirschstein NRSA to Dr. Nacewicz (MH081467) from the National Institute of Mental Health. The funding sources had no involvement in study design, in collection, analysis, interpretation or write up of data, or in the decision to submit the work for publication. 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Peltier, Scott J. Ashinoff, Samantha Carrasco, Melisa Weng, Shih-Jen Welsh, Robert C. Martin, Donna M. Monk, Christopher S. TI The impact of serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype on the development of resting-state functional connectivity in children and adolescents: A preliminary report SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Default network; Serotonin transporter; Genetics; Functional connectivity; MRI; Self-organizing map ID DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM 5-HTTLPR; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; GENETIC-VARIATION; HUMAN BRAIN; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; DECISION-MAKING AB A fundamental component of brain development is the formation of large-scale networks across the cortex. One such network, the default network, undergoes a protracted development, displaying weak connectivity in childhood that strengthens in adolescence and becomes most robust in adulthood. Little is known about the genetic contributions to default network connectivity in adulthood or during development. Alterations in connectivity between posterior and frontal portions of the default network have been associated with several psychological disorders, including anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These disorders have also been linked to variants of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). The L-A allele of 5-HTTLPR results in higher serotonin transporter expression than the S allele or the rarer L-G allele. 5-HTTLPR may influence default network connectivity, as the superior medial frontal region has been shown to be sensitive to changes in serotonin. Also, serotonin as a growth factor early in development may alter large-scale networks such as the default network. The present study examined the influence of 5-HTTLPR variants on connectivity between the posterior and frontal structures and its development in a cross-sectional study of 39 healthy children and adolescents. We found that children and adolescents homozygous for the S allele (S/S, n = 10) showed weaker connectivity in the superior medial frontal cortex compared to those homozygous for the L-A allele (L-A/L-A, n=13) or heterozygotes (S/L-A, S/L-G, n=16). Moreover, there was an age-by-genotype interaction, such that those with L-A/L-A genotype had the steepest age-related increase in connectivity between the posterior hub and superior medial frontal cortex, followed by heterozygotes. In contrast, individuals with the S/S genotype had the least age-related increase in connectivity strength. This preliminary report expands our understanding of the genetic influences on the development of large-scale brain connectivity and lays down the foundation for future research and replication of the results with a larger sample. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wiggins, Jillian Lee; Ashinoff, Samantha; Weng, Shih-Jen; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Bedoyan, Jirair K.; Martin, Donna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Peltier, Scott J.] Univ Michigan, Funct MRI Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carrasco, Melisa; Martin, Donna M.; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Neurosci Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Welsh, Robert C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Welsh, Robert C.; Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Martin, Donna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Monk, Christopher S.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wiggins, JL (reprint author), 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM leejilli@umich.edu RI Monk, Christopher/J-1805-2014 FU Autism Speaks [4773, 2573]; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS54784, R01 DC009410, MH079871, K12 HD028820]; Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research [U024600]; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan FX This research was supported in part by an Autism Speaks Predoctoral Fellowship (4773) to J.L.W.; an Autism Speaks grant (2573) to C.S.M.; National Institutes of Health grants to D.M.M. (R01 NS54784, R01 DC009410), S.J.P. (MH079871), and J.K.B. (K12 HD028820); a Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research pilot award to D.M.M. (U024600); and an Elizabeth E. Kennedy (Children's Research) Fund Award from the Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, to J.K.B. We thank Dr. Douglas Noll for methodological advice and the staff of the University of Michigan Functional MRI Center and DNA Sequencing Core for technical support. Lastly, we thank the families who participated. 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SO NEUROSCIENTIST LA English DT Review DE Fmr1; FMRP; filopodia; neocortex; autism; mental impairment; pyramidal neuron; long-term depression; mGluR; GABA ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT TRANSLATION; CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CRITICAL PERIOD PLASTICITY; NEOCORTEX IN-VIVO; MOUSE MODEL; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY AB The salient neuropathological defect in fragile X syndrome is the overabundance of immature dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal neurons. This review examines this anatomical synaptic defect in the context of other alterations in synaptic and circuit plasticity in fragile X mice. In theory, abnormal spines could lead to dysfunctional circuits and vice versa, so it is still not clear which problem comes first. Because of the tight structure-function relationships at the synapse, and given the significant overlap between signaling pathways that regulate spine shape/dynamics and long-term synaptic plasticity (both of which involve proteins regulated by fragile X mental retardation protein [ FMRP]), it is argued that the two defects cannot be separated. It will be critical to determine whether neurons that lack FMRP and demonstrate alterations in long-term potentiation/depression also fail to undergo the expected enlargement/shrinkage of dendritic spines associated with those forms of synaptic plasticity or to establish clear links from FMRP signaling to either spine instability or defective synaptic plasticity, especially during critical periods of brain development. The resulting data will be vital in guiding translational research that can identify novel molecular targets for therapy in this devastating disorder. C1 [Portera-Cailliau, Carlos] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Portera-Cailliau, Carlos] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Portera-Cailliau, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 710 Westwood Plaza,Room A-145, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cpcailliau@mednet.ucla.edu FU FRAXA; Dana Foundation; NICHD/NIH [R01HD54453] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was supported by FRAXA, the Dana Foundation, and the NICHD/NIH (grant R01HD54453). 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CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY; ENANTIOMERS; DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH; URINE AB Objective: The level of D-arabinitol (DA) and the ratio of D-/L-arabinitol (DA/LA) in the urine of children with autism were investigated. The changes in DA/LA after probiotic treatment in urine samples of children with autism were studied. Methods: DA and LA and the DA/LA ratio were identified by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine before and after the probiotic therapy. Results: The level of DA is significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the urine of autistic children before (A) and after probiotic supplementation (A1) (160.04 +/- 22.88 mu mol/mmol creatinine and 89.53 +/- 37.41 mu mol/mmol creatinine, respectively). Nonetheless, the probiotic supplementation let to a significant decrease in DA and DA/LA and to a significant improvement in ability of concentration and carrying out orders. Conclusion: The use of probiotics seems to be helpful in reducing the level of DA and the ratio of DA/LA in the urine of children with autism. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaluzna-Czaplinska, Joanna] Tech Univ Lodz, Dept Chem, Inst Gen & Ecol Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Blaszczyk, Sylwia] Navicula Ctr Lodz, Lodz, Poland. RP Kaluzna-Czaplinska, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Lodz, Dept Chem, Inst Gen & Ecol Chem, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. EM jkaluzna@p.lodz.pl FU Ministry of Science [NN 204 316234] FX This publication is supported by the Ministry of Science (Grant number NN 204 316234). 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To date, 19 patients have been reported. We report on a 13-year-old boy with this syndrome manifesting childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). He had characteristic facial features, hypospadias, and mild developmental delay. He showed neutropenia and thrombocytopenia for several years. At age 13 years, bone marrow examination was performed, which showed a sign suggestive of childhood MDS: mild dysplasia in the myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cell lineages. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) revealed a de novo 3.4?Mb 15q24.1q24.3 deletion. Although MDS has not been described in patients with the syndrome, a boy was reported to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The development of MDS and hematological malignancy in the syndrome might be caused by the haploinsufficiency of deleted 15q24 segment either alone or in combination with other genetic abnormalities in hematopoietic cells. Further hematological investigation is recommended to be beneficial if physical and hematological examination results are suggestive of hematopoietic disturbance in patients with the syndrome. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Narumi, Yoko; Wakui, Keiko; Kosho, Tomoki; Fukushima, Yoshimitsu] Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. [Shiohara, Masaaki; Yoshikawa, Kentaro] Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. [Shiohara, Masaaki] Nagano Childrens Hosp, Div Hematol Oncol & Immunol, Azumino, Japan. [Hama, Asahito; Kojima, Seiji] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Amano, Yoshiro] Nagano Red Cross Hosp, Dept Pediat, Nagano, Japan. RP Narumi, Y (reprint author), Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. EM ynarumi@shinshu-u.ac.jp RI Kojima, Seiji/I-1601-2012 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22790972]; Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor FX Grant sponsor: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Grant number: 22790972; Grant sponsor: Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor. 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These findings have implications for pathogenesis and nosology of schizophrenia and related disorders, and for future genetic studies. C1 [Owen, M. J.] Cardiff Univ, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. [Doherty, J. L.; O'Donovan, M. C.; Owen, M. J.] Cardiff Univ, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Res Inst, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. RP Owen, MJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Henry Wellcome Bldg,Heath Pk, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. EM owenmj@cardiff.ac.uk FU MRC [G0800509]; MRC Centre [G0801418] FX This work was supported by an MRC Programme Grant (G0800509) and an MRC Centre Grant (G0801418). 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 81 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01773.x PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 875YS UT WOS:000299072900001 PM 21895634 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Lord, C AF Kim, So Hyun Lord, Catherine TI Combining information from multiple sources for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders for toddlers and young preschoolers from 12 to 47 months of age SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; autism diagnostic interview-revised; autism diagnostic observation schedule; early diagnosis ID OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; ADI-R; CHILDREN; INSTRUMENTS; ADOS AB Background: Purpose of this study was to systematically examine combined use of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) for children under age 4 using newly developed and revised diagnostic algorithms. Methods: Single and combined use of the ADI-R and ADOS algorithms were compared to clinical best estimate diagnoses for 435 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 113 children with nonspectrum disorders, and 47 children with typical development from 12 to 47 months of age. Sequential strategies to reach a diagnostic decision by prioritizing administrations of instruments were also evaluated. Results: Wellbalanced sensitivities and specificities above 80% were obtained for ASD diagnoses using both instruments. Specificities significantly improved when both instruments were used compared to one. Scores that can be used to systematically prioritize administrations of instruments were identified. Conclusions: The ADI-R and ADOS make independent, additive contributions to more accurate diagnostic decisions for clinicians evaluating toddlers and young preschoolers with ASD. Sequential assessment strategies using the scores identified may be appropriate for some children. C1 [Kim, So Hyun; Lord, Catherine] Univ Michigan Autism & Commun Disorders Ctr UMACC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), 2236 East Hall,530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sohkim@umich.edu FU NIMH [RO1 MH066469, MH57167, HD 35482-01] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Susan Risi, Pamela Dixon Thomas, Suzi Naguib, Fiona Miller, Rhiannon Luyster, Whitney Guthrie, Kaite Gotham, Kathryn Larson, Kathy Hatfield, and Shanping Qiu, as well as the families that participated in this research. This study was funded by NIMH RO1 MH066469, MH57167, and HD 35482-01.One of the authors, Catherine Lord, receives royalties for the ADI-R and ADOS; profits related to this study were donated to charity. 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TI Longitudinal follow-up of autism spectrum features and sensory behaviors in Angelman syndrome by deletion class SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Chromosome anomalies; autistic disorder; cognition; adaptive behavior; longitudinal studies ID DIAGNOSTIC-OBSERVATION-SCHEDULE; GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS; PRADER-WILLI-SYNDROME; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; REVISED ALGORITHMS; GENES; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; EXPLORATION; EXPRESSION AB Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, lack of speech, and low threshold for laughter; it is considered a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have indicated overlap of ASD and AS, primarily in individuals with larger (similar to 6 Mb) Class I deletions of chromosome 15q11-13. Questions remain regarding whether intellectual disability solely contributes to ASD features in AS and how ASD features in AS change over time. In this study, we used a dimensional approach to examine ASD symptom severity in individuals with AS Class I versus Class II deletions within the context of cognitive development over time. Methods: A total of 17 participants with a larger, Class I deletion and 25 participants with a smaller Class II deletion (similar to 5 Mb) were enrolled (age range = 2-25 years; 5 years 5 months). Standardized measures of cognition, language, motor skills, adaptive skills, maladaptive behavior, autism, and sensory-seeking behaviors/ aversions were given at baseline and after 12 months. Results: Despite equivalent cognition and adaptive behavior, the results of repeated measures analyses of variance indicate that participants with Class I deletions have greater impairment in social affect (F = 8.65; p =.006) and more repetitive behaviors (F = 7.92; p =.008) compared to participants with Class II deletions. Although both groups improve in cognition over time, differences in ASD behaviors persist. Conclusions: Despite a lack of differences in cognition or adaptive behavior, individuals with Class I deletions have greater severity in ASD features and sensory aversions that remain over time. There are four genes (NIPA 1, NIPA 2, CYFIP1, and GCP5) missing in Class I and present in Class Il deletions, one or more of which may have a role in modifying the severity of social affect impairment, and level of restricted/repetitive behaviors in AS. Our results also suggest the utility of a dimensional, longitudinal approach to the assessment of ASD features in populations of individuals who are low functioning. C1 [Peters, Sarika U.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Hundley, Rachel J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Peters, Sarika U.; Hundley, Rachel J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Horowitz, Lucia] Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. [Barbieri-Welge, Rene] Rady Childrens Hosp San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. RP Peters, SU (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, PMB 74,230 Appleton Pl, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. EM sari-ka.u.peters@vanderbilt.edu FU NICHD [HD061222, 5P30HD015052-30]; NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) FX The Angelman, Prader-Willi, Rett consortium is a part of NIH Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). Funding for this project has been provided by HD061222 (NICHD; to Alan Percy PI) as well as 5P30HD015052-30 (to Elisabeth Dykens PI), and the NIH Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR). The views expressed in written materials or publications do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; nor do mention by trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. We also thank the individuals and families who so graciously participated in this study. 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Child Psychol. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02455.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 875PF UT WOS:000299042900008 PM 21831244 ER PT J AU Geluk, CAML Jansen, LMC Vermeiren, R Doreleijers, TAH van Domburgh, L de Bildt, A Twisk, JWR Hartman, CA AF Geluk, Charlotte A. M. L. Jansen, Lucres M. C. Vermeiren, Robert Doreleijers, Theo A. H. van Domburgh, Lieke de Bildt, Annelies Twisk, Jos W. R. Hartman, Catharina A. TI Autistic symptoms in childhood arrestees: longitudinal association with delinquent behavior SO JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Pervasive developmental disorder; delinquency; externalizing disorder; longitudinal study ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; SOCIAL COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; LIFE-COURSE-PERSISTENT; VERSION 2.3 DISC-2.3; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRE CSBQ; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CO-MORBIDITY AB Background: To compare childhood arrestees with matched comparison groups on levels of autistic symptoms and to assess the unique predictive value of autistic symptoms for future delinquent behavior in childhood arrestees. Methods: Childhood first-time arrestees (n = 308, baseline age 10.7 +/- 1.5 years) were followed up for 2 years. Autistic symptoms, externalizing disorders and delinquent behavior were assessed yearly. Childhood arrestees were compared on autistic symptoms with matched (age, gender) general population and clinical autism spectrum disorder samples. The predictive value of autistic symptoms for delinquent behavior was analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: At each assessment, levels of autistic symptoms in childhood arrestees were in between levels found in the general population and autism spectrum disorder samples. Autistic symptoms were positively associated with delinquent behavior in childhood arrestees, even after adjustment for externalizing disorders: IRR (incidence rate ratio) 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.36 and IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.15-1.45 for core autistic symptoms and total symptom score, respectively. Conclusions: Autistic symptoms are more prevalent in childhood arrestees compared to the general population and are uniquely associated with future delinquent behavior. Attention should, therefore, be given to the possible presence of autism related symptomatology in these children. Implications for diagnostic assessment and intervention need further investigation. C1 [Geluk, Charlotte A. M. L.; Jansen, Lucres M. C.; Vermeiren, Robert; Doreleijers, Theo A. H.; van Domburgh, Lieke] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vermeiren, Robert] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Curium LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands. [Doreleijers, Theo A. H.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Law Sch, Dept Criminal Justice, Leiden, Netherlands. [de Bildt, Annelies; Hartman, Catharina A.] Univ Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Twisk, Jos W. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Methodol & Appl Biostat, Inst Hlth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Geluk, CAML (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, POB 303, NL-1115 ZG Duivendrecht, Netherlands. EM c.geluk@debascule.com RI Jansen, Lucres/D-7754-2015 FU municipality of Utrecht; municipality of Amersfoort; Rotterdam metropolitan region; province of Utrecht; Kinderpostzegels Nederland Foundation; Dutch Justice Department's Research and Documentation Center; Police Science and Research Program; De Drie Lichten Foundation; Dittmer Fund FX This study was supported by the municipalities of Utrecht and Amersfoort, the Rotterdam metropolitan region, the province of Utrecht, the Kinderpostzegels Nederland Foundation, the Dutch Justice Department's Research and Documentation Center and the Police Science and Research Program. In addition, the first author received travel grants from the De Drie Lichten Foundation and the Dittmer Fund. 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Psychiatry PD FEB PY 2012 VL 53 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02456.x PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 875PF UT WOS:000299042900009 PM 21884523 ER PT J AU Kirkland, A AF Kirkland, Anna TI The Legitimacy of Vaccine Critics: What Is Left after the Autism Hypothesis? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POLITICS POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article ID THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; COMPULSORY VACCINATION; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; SOCIAL-MOVEMENTS; SAFETY CONCERNS; UNITED-KINGDOM; CHILDREN; PARENTS; INFANTS AB The last dozen years have seen a massive transnational mobilization of the legal, political, and research communities in response to the worrisome hypothesis that vaccines could have a link to childhood autism and other developmental conditions. Vaccine critics, some already organized and some composed of newly galvanized parents, developed an alternate world of internally legitimating studies, blogs, conferences, publications, and spokespeople to affirm a connection. When the consensus turned against the autism hypothesis, these structures and a committed membership base unified all the organizations in resistance. This article examines the relationship between mobilization based on science and the trajectory of legitimacy vaccine criticism has taken. I argue that vaccine critics have run up against the limits of legitimate scientific argument and are now in the curious position of both doubling down on credibility-depleting stances and innovating new and possibly resonant formulations. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kirkland, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts [HUM00031641]; Princeton University; Women's Studies Department at the University of Michigan FX I wish to thank Carol Boyd, Leslie Gerwin, Colleen Grogan, Elizabeth Mertz, Jonathan Metzl, Kim Lane Scheppele, and anonymous reviewers for their assistance in shaping this manuscript. I am especially grateful to My interview sources for sharing their perspectives. This research (IRB #HUM00031641) was supported by a grant from the University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, by the Law and Public Affairs Program at Princeton University. and by research funds from the Women's Studies Department at the University of Michigan. 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Policy Law PD FEB PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 69 EP 97 DI 10.1215/03616878-1496020 PG 29 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, Legal; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Legal Medicine; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 881OT UT WOS:000299496700004 PM 22003097 ER PT J AU Blackburn, C McDermott, M Bourke, B AF Blackburn, Carol McDermott, Michael Bourke, Billy TI Clinical Presentation of and Outcome for Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome in Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE behavioural modification; child; outcome; solitary rectal ulcer syndrome ID CHILDHOOD; RARE AB Background and Aims: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon but troublesome and easily misdiagnosed condition of childhood. We have reviewed the presentation and outcome following conservative management of a group of children with SRUS attending a single national paediatric gastrointesinal referral unit. Methods: Eight children were identified with histology-proven SRUS. Chart review was conducted for relevant history and examination at diagnosis. Patients were contacted to assess success of treatment at the time of follow-up. Results: Symptoms at presentation included repeated prolonged and ineffectual straining at stool, passage of blood/mucous per rectum, diarrhoea, and constipation. Most children were referred with suspected constipation, diarrhoea, or inflammatory bowel disease. On the basis of retrospective chart review, 7 of 8 children responded well to conservative management (behavioural modification programme involving reduction of time spent straining at defecation). The child failing treatment could not comply with advice because of comorbid autism. Six of the initial responders were available for follow-up. Four were asymptomatic. Two had relapsed and were not compliant with the management programme. Discussion/Conclusions: SRUS can masquerade as more common childhood intestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or constipation. A biopsy is required for diagnosis, because ulceration may not be apparent at the time of endoscopy. Most patients with SRUS in childhood have a satisfactory outcome using a simple behavioural modification approach. Ongoing follow-up to reinforce behavioural modification is important and may avoid long-term, treatment-resistant disease into adulthood. C1 Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Gastroenterol, Our Ladys Childrens Hosp Crumlin, Childrens Res Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Histopathol, Our Ladys Childrens Hosp Crumlin, Childrens Res Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst, Dublin, Ireland. RP Bourke, B (reprint author), Our Ladys Childrens Hosp, Childrens Res Ctr, Dublin 12, Ireland. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 263 EP 265 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31823014c0 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 882SN UT WOS:000299584300018 PM 22266488 ER PT J AU Hayes, GR Karahalios, KG AF Hayes, Gillian R. Karahalios, Karrie G. TI Theme issue on autism and technology SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hayes, Gillian R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Donald Bren Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Dept Informat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Karahalios, Karrie G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hayes, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Donald Bren Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Dept Informat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM gillianrh@ics.uci.edu CR Rice C, 2006, SURVEILL SUMM, V58, P1 World Health Organisation, 2006, INT STAT CLASS DIS R NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1617-4909 J9 PERS UBIQUIT COMPUT JI Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0387-z PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800001 ER PT J AU Porayska-Pomsta, K Frauenberger, C Pain, H Rajendran, G Smith, T Menzies, R Foster, ME Alcorn, A Wass, S Bernadini, S Avramides, K Keay-Bright, W Chen, J Waller, A Guldberg, K Good, J Lemon, O AF Porayska-Pomsta, K. Frauenberger, C. Pain, H. Rajendran, G. Smith, T. Menzies, R. Foster, M. E. Alcorn, A. Wass, S. Bernadini, S. Avramides, K. Keay-Bright, W. Chen, J. Waller, A. Guldberg, K. Good, J. Lemon, O. TI Developing technology for autism: an interdisciplinary approach SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Autism; Technology-enhanced intervention; Interdisciplinary research; Social interactions; Social signal processing; Autonomous agents ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; MULTIMEDIA; REHABILITATION; INTERVENTIONS; PROGRAM; FUTURE; DESIGN AB We present an interdisciplinary methodology for designing interactive multi-modal technology for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In line with many other researchers in the field, we believe that the key to developing technology in this context is to embrace perspectives from diverse disciplines to arrive at a methodology that delivers satisfactory outcomes for all stakeholders. The ECHOES project provided us with the opportunity to develop a technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environment that facilitates acquisition and exploration of social skills by typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). ECHOES' methodology and the learning environment rely crucially on multi-disciplinary expertise including developmental psychology, visual arts, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, education, and several other cognate disciplines. In this article, we reflect on the methods needed to develop a TEL environment for young users with ASDs by identifying key features, benefits, and challenges of this approach. C1 [Porayska-Pomsta, K.; Bernadini, S.; Avramides, K.] Univ London, Inst Educ, London WC1N 3QS, England. [Frauenberger, C.; Good, J.] Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. [Rajendran, G.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Pain, H.; Alcorn, A.; Chen, J.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Menzies, R.; Waller, A.] Univ Dundee, Dundee, Scotland. [Foster, M. E.; Lemon, O.] Heriott Watt Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wass, S.] Univ London, Birkbeck Coll, Sch Psychol Sci, Ctr Brain & Cognit Dev, London, England. [Keay-Bright, W.] Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Guldberg, K.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Porayska-Pomsta, K (reprint author), Univ London, Inst Educ, 23-29 Emerald St, London WC1N 3QS, England. EM K.Porayska-Pomsta@ioe.ac.uk FU Economic and Social Research Council, UK; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK [RES-139-25-0395] FX The research reported in this manuscript is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, UK and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK under the Teaching and Learning Research Program-Technology-Enhanced Learning, grant number: RES-139-25-0395. We would like to thank staff, pupils and parents at the following schools: Kaimes School, Edinburgh; The Hollies School, Cardiff; Allfarthing Primary School, London; Chantry Community Primary School, Sussex; Gattons Infants School, Burgess Hill; and Fintry Language Unit, Dundee, Blackness Primary, Dundee. 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Ubiquitous Comput. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0384-2 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800002 ER PT J AU Keay-Bright, W Howarth, I AF Keay-Bright, Wendy Howarth, Imogen TI Is simplicity the key to engagement for children on the autism spectrum? SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum; Tangible; Creativity; Exploratory; Playful interaction; Technology ID DEFICITS; PLAY AB This article presents a conceptualisation of technologies as simple, ambient forms. By avoiding the tendency to solve problems and by being open to interaction that emerges through repetition and flow, we argue that technology can offer more for people than functionality. When the user is given freedom to discover control without burdensome cognitive demands and the fear of failure, even everyday technologies can arouse curiosity and thus reveal untapped ability. What is unique about our work is its therapeutic application as a medium for engaging the most hard to reach children on the autism spectrum. Our theoretical foundations are drawn from the human-computer interaction paradigm of tangible interaction. This is of interest to us as a framework for the study of the physical and sensory manipulation of information. For children with cognitive and developmental delays, discovering a close match between physical control and digital response has proved both rewarding and motivating. The significance of this is illustrated through a range of studies undertaken with children with autism spectrum disorders. These include a mixed group attending a holiday club, a study that introduced keyboard activities to children with poor receptive communication and a case study using an ordinary microphone. The research captures emergent, exploratory interaction with a software application called ReacTickles. The case study uses a specifically customised video coding technique to analyse idiosyncratic interactions that demonstrate the impact of simple, playful interaction on self-esteem and creativity. C1 [Keay-Bright, Wendy; Howarth, Imogen] Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff Sch Art & Design, Cardiff CF5 2YB, S Glam, Wales. RP Keay-Bright, W (reprint author), Univ Wales Inst, Cardiff Sch Art & Design, Cardiff CF5 2YB, S Glam, Wales. EM wkbright@uwic.ac.uk FU National Film Board of Canada FX The authors would like to thank Autism Cymru and The Dyscovery Centre for enthusiastically taking part in the studies described in the paper. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0381-5 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800003 ER PT J AU Sitdhisanguan, K Chotikakamthorn, N Dechaboon, A Out, P AF Sitdhisanguan, Karanya Chotikakamthorn, Nopporn Dechaboon, Ajchara Out, Patcharaporn TI Using tangible user interfaces in computer-based training systems for low-functioning autistic children SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Tangible user interface; Autism; Computer-based training; WIMP; User interface design ID VIRTUAL-REALITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PEOPLE; INTERVENTION; INSTRUCTION; EMOTIONS; PROGRAM; SKILLS AB In this paper, the design of a computer-based training (CBT) system for low-functioning autistic children is addressed. The emphasis is on ease-of-use and learning efficiency of CBT systems with different interaction styles, namely the WIMP (Window Icon Menu Pointing Device) and TUI (Tangible User Interface) interaction styles. Two WIMP-based CBT systems with different pointing devices were involved in the study. The first system applied a standard computer mouse as a pointing device, while the second one employed a touch screen instead. For the TUI-based CBT system, a tabletop setting was adopted. Based on the known characteristics of TUI and children with autism, as well as related cognitive and learning theories, the benefits of TUI for low-functioning autistic children have been investigated. Elementary skill teaching was chosen as a case study for performance evaluation of these CBT systems. Empirical results show that the touch-based and TUI-based systems offered much better ease-of-use performance than that of the mouse-based system. Regarding learning efficacy, experimental results show that the TUI-based system achieved higher skill improvement, as compared with the WIMP-based system and a non-computer training method. Some guidelines and suggestions for the design of a TUI-based system for children with autism are summarized. C1 [Sitdhisanguan, Karanya; Chotikakamthorn, Nopporn] King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang, Fac Informat Technol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Dechaboon, Ajchara] Chiangrai Hosp, Occupat Dept, Chiangrai, Thailand. [Out, Patcharaporn] Chiangrai Hosp, Dept Pediat, Chiangrai, Thailand. RP Sitdhisanguan, K (reprint author), King Mongkuts Inst Technol Ladkrabang, Fac Informat Technol, Bangkok, Thailand. 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Ubiquitous Comput. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0382-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800004 ER PT J AU Hourcade, JP Bullock-Rest, NE Hansen, TE AF Hourcade, Juan Pablo Bullock-Rest, Natasha E. Hansen, Thomas E. TI Multitouch tablet applications and activities to enhance the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorders SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Children; Autism; Multitouch; Tablet; Social skills ID INDIVIDUALS; VOCABULARY; PROGRAM AB In spite of great improvements in early diagnosis and interventions, most children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unlikely to live independently when they reach adulthood. We have been conducting research on novel computer-based interventions with the goal of promoting social skills. Working with 26 children with ASD, their teachers, and other stakeholders, we have iteratively developed a set of activities based on applications that run on multitouch tablets. Our observations suggest these activities increased pro-social behaviors such as collaboration and coordination, augmented appreciation for social activities, and provided children with novel forms of expression. C1 [Hourcade, Juan Pablo; Bullock-Rest, Natasha E.; Hansen, Thomas E.] Univ Iowa, Dept Comp Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hourcade, JP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Comp Sci, 14 MacLean Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM juanpablo-hourcade@uiowa.edu FU Iowa Department of Education FX We would like to thank the children, parents, teachers, and special education staff at Hoover Elementary School, Four Oaks, and the Grant Wood Area Education Agency for all their help in conducting this research. In particular, we would like to thank Deb Scott-Miller from the Grant Wood Area Education Agency, and Monica Ryan-Rausch from Four Oaks. We would also like to thank the parent support group and the members of GRASP in Iowa City for their encouragement and feedback. This work was funded in part by the Iowa Department of Education through our University's Regional Autism Services Program, one of the Child Health Specialty Clinics. CR ALBINALI F, 2009, P 11 INT C UB COMP U, P71, DOI 10.1145/1620545.1620555 American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bailey J. S., 2002, RES METHODS APPL BEH Billstedt E, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P351, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-3302-5 Binger C, 2008, PERSPECT AUGMENT ALT, V17, P20, DOI 10.1044/aac17.1.20 Bosseler A, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P653, DOI 10.1023/B:JADD.0000006002.82367.4f Center for Disease Control, 2010, AUT SPECTR DIS Coleman-Martin M. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0383-3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800005 ER PT J AU Westeyn, TL Abowd, GD Starner, TE Johnson, JM Presti, PW Weaver, KA AF Westeyn, Tracy L. Abowd, Gregory D. Starner, Thad E. Johnson, Jeremy M. Presti, Peter W. Weaver, Kimberly A. TI Monitoring children's developmental progress using augmented toys and activity recognition SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Content analysis; Automatic indexing; Toy design; Object-play; Multimodal wireless sensing; Pattern recognition ID AUTISM; AGREEMENT; DELAY AB Previous research has established the connection between the way in which children interact with objects and the potential early identification of children with autism. Those findings motivate our own work to develop "smart toys," objects embedded with wireless sensors that are safe and enjoyable for very small children, that allow detailed interaction data to be easily recorded. These sensor-enabled toys provide opportunities for autism research by reducing the effort required to collect and analyze a child's interactions with objects. In the future, such toys may be a useful part of clinical and in-home assessment tools. In this paper, we discuss the design of a collection of smart toys that can be used to automatically characterize the way in which a child is playing. We use statistical models to provide objective, quantitative measures of object play interactions. We also developed a tool to view rich forms of annotated play data for later analysis. We report the results of recognition experiments on more than fifty play sessions conducted with adults and children as well as discuss the opportunities for using this approach to support video annotation and other applications. C1 [Westeyn, Tracy L.; Abowd, Gregory D.; Starner, Thad E.; Weaver, Kimberly A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Interact Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Johnson, Jeremy M.; Presti, Peter W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Interact Media Technol Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Westeyn, TL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Interact Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. 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TI Supporting parents for in-home capture of problem behaviors of children with developmental disabilities SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Selective archiving; Problem behavior; Direct observation; Behavior assessment; Recording and flagging ID FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; AUTISM AB Ubiquitous computing has shown promise in applications for health care in the home. In this paper, we focus on a study of how a particular ubicomp capability, selective archiving, can be used to support behavioral health research and practice. Selective archiving technology, which allows the capture of a window of data prior to and after an event, can enable parents of children with autism and related disabilities to record video clips of events leading up to and following an instance of problem behavior. Behavior analysts later view these video clips to perform a functional assessment. In contrast to the current practice of direct observation, a powerful method to gather data about child problem behaviors but costly in terms of human resources and liable to alter behavior in the subjects, selective archiving is cost effective and has the potential to provide rich data with minimal instructions to the natural environment. To assess the effectiveness of parent data collection through selective archiving in the home, we developed a research tool, CRAFT (Continuous Recording And Flagging Technology) and conducted a study by installing CRAFT in eight households of children with developmental disabilities and severe behavior concerns. The results of this study show the promise and remaining challenges for this technology. We have also shown that careful attention to the design of a ubicomp system for use by other domain specialists or non-technical users is key to moving ubicomp research forward. C1 [Nazneen, N.; Rozga, Agata; Romero, Mario; Abowd, Gregory D.; Arriaga, Rosa I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Interact Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Findley, Addie J.; Call, Nathan A.] Marcus Autism Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Call, Nathan A.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nazneen, N (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Interact Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Nazneen@gatech.edu; agata@gatech.edu; mario@gatech.edu; Addie.Findley@choa.org; Nathan.Call@choa.org; abowd@gatech.edu; arriaga@gatech.edu FU NSF [1029679]; Children's Hospital of Atlanta FX We would like to thank Gillian Hayes and Khai Troung for sharing their experiences on selective archiving and providing valuable suggestions. We also thank Yi Han for helping with the development of CRAFT. Work reported in this manuscript was supported by an NSF Expeditions Award (1029679) and Children's Hospital of Atlanta Seed Grant Program. 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R., 1999, FUNCTIONAL ANAL PROB, P98 Strain PS, 1998, YOUNG EXCEPTIONAL CH, V1, P8, DOI 10.1177/109625069800100202 Wang P., 2009, IEEE INT C COMP VIS NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1617-4909 J9 PERS UBIQUIT COMPUT JI Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0385-1 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800007 ER PT J AU Kientz, JA AF Kientz, Julie A. TI Embedded capture and access: encouraging recording and reviewing of data in the caregiving domain SO PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Ubiquitous computing; Capture and access; Caregivers; Human-computer interaction; Autism; Children AB The use of ubiquitous computing to aid in the capture of everyday experiences has been a commonly studied application area. Previous systems have enabled the capture of classroom lectures, meetings, or surgical procedures. However, many of these systems saw infrequent access to captured data, mostly because accessing the data required a high-need situation in order to go through the trouble of finding the specific situation. We believe that if access was made more ubiquitous, people would be more inclined to use it. In this article, we present the notion of embedded capture and access, which aims to make both data capture and access ubiquitous, thus encouraging better reflection on captured data. We provide a description of the notion of embedded capture and access and describe how we applied this technique to two domains of caregivers: therapists working with individuals with autism and parents collecting developmental data on their young children. Through the development of fully functional prototypes, we were able to show that technologies using embedded capture and access are a successful means to supporting data recording and review. C1 Univ Washington, Human Centered Design & Engn & Informat Sch, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kientz, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Human Centered Design & Engn & Informat Sch, 413 Sieg Hall,Box 352315, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jkientz@uw.edu FU Cure Autism Now; National Science Foundation FX This work would not have been possible without the gracious support and assistance of many individuals. We thank in particular Gregory Abowd, Gillian Hayes, Rosa Arriaga, Mark Harniss, Susan Sandall, Khai Truong, Shwetak Patel, Sebastian Boring, Roman Savryn, Stefan Puchner, Yi Han, Arwa Tyebkhan, and the other members of the Ubiquitous Computing Group at Georgia Tech and the Experimental Education Unit at the University of Washington. 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Ubiquitous Comput. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 SI SI BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s00779-011-0380-6 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 881UX UT WOS:000299516800008 ER PT J AU Nakadoi, Y Sumitani, S Watanabe, Y Akiyama, M Yamashita, N Ohmori, T AF Nakadoi, Yoshihiro Sumitani, Satsuki Watanabe, Yukina Akiyama, Mai Yamashita, Naomi Ohmori, Tetsuro TI Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy shows reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex during facial expression processing in pervasive developmental disorder SO PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fear; near-infrared spectroscopy; neuroimaging; pervasive developmental disorders; prefrontal cortex ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONAL MRI; FEARFUL FACES; PERCEPTION; AMYGDALA; BRAIN; JAPANESE; PEOPLE; TASK AB Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) show differential activation during an emotional activation task compared with age- and sex-matched controls, by measuring changes in the concentration of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated (deoxyHb) hemoglobin, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: Fourteen patients with PDD and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls participated in the study. The relative changes of concentrations of oxyHb and deoxyHb were measured on NIRS during an implicit processing task of fearful expression using Japanese standard faces. Results: PDD patients had significantly reduced oxyHb changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: PFC dysfunction may exist in PDD. C1 [Nakadoi, Yoshihiro; Sumitani, Satsuki; Watanabe, Yukina; Akiyama, Mai; Yamashita, Naomi; Ohmori, Tetsuro] Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch, Dept Psychiat, Course Integrated Brain Sci,Inst Hlth Biosci, Tokushima 7708503, Japan. RP Sumitani, S (reprint author), Univ Tokushima, Grad Sch, Dept Psychiat, Course Integrated Brain Sci,Inst Hlth Biosci, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 7708503, Japan. 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Neurosci. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02290.x PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 877UQ UT WOS:000299208600004 PM 22250607 ER PT J AU Kissine, M AF Kissine, Mikhail TI Pragmatics, Cognitive Flexibility and Autism Spectrum Disorders SO MIND & LANGUAGE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DELAY; FALSE BELIEF TASKS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; JOINT ATTENTION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ACTION ANTICIPATION; RELEVANCE THEORY; VERBAL-ABILITY; SPEECH ACTS AB Pragmatic deficits of persons with autism spectrum disorders [ASDs] are often traced back to a dysfunction in Theory of Mind. However, the exact nature of the link between pragmatics and mindreading in autism is unclear. Pragmatic deficits in ASDs are not homogenous: in particular, while inter-subjective dimensions are affected, some other pragmatic capacities seem to be relatively preserved. Moreover, failure on classical false-belief tasks stems from executive problems that go beyond belief attribution; false-belief tasks require taking an alternative perspective on the reality. While this capacity is functional in typically developing young children, it is impaired in ASDs. Typically developing children are capable of taking their interlocutor's perspective into account when communicating, whereas poor cognitive flexibility makes it difficult for persons with ASDs to grasp the inter-subjective character of communicative stimuli. This analysis predicts that those pragmatic processes that amount to merely taking into account salient contextual facts during utterance interpretation, without necessarily adopting the interlocutor's perspective, may be preserved in ASDs. C1 Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Kissine, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP 175,50 Av FD Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1468-0017.2011.01433.x PG 28 WC Linguistics; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 875LY UT WOS:000299033000001 ER PT J AU Xie, KQ Ge, SC Collins, VE Haynes, CL Renner, KJ Meisel, RL Lujan, R Martemyanov, KA AF Xie, Keqiang Ge, Shencheng Collins, Victoria E. Haynes, Christy L. Renner, Kenneth J. Meisel, Robert L. Lujan, Rafael Martemyanov, Kirill A. TI G beta 5-RGS complexes are gatekeepers of hyperactivity involved in control of multiple neurotransmitter systems SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Basal ganglia; Motor control; Hyperactivity; Synaptic transmission; G protein-coupled receptors; Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PROTEIN SIGNALING PROTEINS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; BASAL GANGLIA; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; MICE LACKING; RGS PROTEINS; PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX AB Our knowledge about genes involved in the control of basal motor activity that may contribute to the pathology of the hyperactivity disorders, e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is limited. Disruption of monoamine neurotransmitter signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is considered to be a major contributing factor to the etiology of the ADHD. Genetic association evidence and functional data suggest that regulators of G protein signaling proteins of the R7 family (R7 RGS) that form obligatory complexes with type 5 G protein beta subunit (G beta 5) and negatively regulate signaling downstream from monoamine GPCRs may play a role in controlling hyperactivity. To test this hypothesis, we conducted behavioral, pharmacological, and neurochemical studies using a genetic mouse model that lacked G beta 5, a subunit essential for the expression of the entire R7 RGS family. Elimination of G beta 5-RGS complexes led to a striking level of hyperactivity that far exceeds activity levels previously observed in animal models. This hyperactivity was accompanied by motor learning deficits and paradoxical behavioral sensitization to a novel environment. Neurochemical studies indicated that G beta 5-RGS-deficient mice had higher sensitivity of inhibitory GPCR signaling and deficits in basal levels, release, and reuptake of dopamine. Surprisingly, pharmacological treatment with monoamine reuptake inhibitors failed to alter hyperactivity. In contrast, blockade of NMDA receptors reversed the expression of hyperactivity in G beta 5-RGS-deficient mice. These findings establish that G beta 5-RGS complexes are critical regulators of monoamine-NMDA receptor signaling cross-talk and link these complexes to disorders that manifest as hyperactivity, impaired learning, and motor dysfunctions. C1 [Martemyanov, Kirill A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neurosci, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Xie, Keqiang; Martemyanov, Kirill A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Meisel, Robert L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurosci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ge, Shencheng; Haynes, Christy L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Collins, Victoria E.; Renner, Kenneth J.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Lujan, Rafael] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Ciencias Med, Fac Med, Albacete 02006, Spain. RP Martemyanov, KA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neurosci, 130 Scripps Way,3C2, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM kirill@scripps.edu RI Xie, Keqiang/J-9668-2012; Xie, Keqiang/D-4437-2015 FU NIH [DA021743, DA026405, DA019921, DA13680]; McKnight Land-Grant Professorship award; NSF [0921874]; Spanish Ministry Science and Innovation [BFU2009-08404/BFI, CSD2008-00005]; Searle Scholars Award FX We would like to thank Dr. Ching-Kang Jason Chen (VCU) for providing G beta 5-/- mouse line and Dr. William Simonds (NIH) for the generous gift of anti-G beta 5 antibodies. This work was supported by NIH grants DA021743 (K. A. M.), DA026405 (K. A. M.), DA019921 (K.J.R.), and DA13680 (R. L. M.); McKnight Land-Grant Professorship award (K. A. M.), NSF 0921874 (K.J.R); grants from the Spanish Ministry Science and Innovation (BFU2009-08404/BFI and CONSOLIDER-Ingenio CSD2008-00005; RL); and Searle Scholars Award (C.L.H.). 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Christopher Neger, Emily N. Shipman, Deborah Perrin, Ellen C. TI Quality of life of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: concordance among adolescents' self-reports, parents' reports, and parents' proxy reports SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism; Quality of life; Proxy; Adolescents; Parent-child agreement; Inter-rater agreement ID CHILDREN; PEDSQL(TM)-4.0; RELIABILITY; AGREEMENT; VALIDITY AB To compare adolescent self-reports with two types of parent reports regarding the quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs): (1) standard parent reports, in which parents give their own perspective on their adolescent child's QoL and (2) parent proxy reports, in which parents indicate how they believe their adolescent child would answer. Thirty-nine adolescents with ASDs and their parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Parents completed the form twice, once using standard parent report instructions and again using proxy instructions. Concordance among the three reports was evaluated via Pearson correlations. Differences in means were assessed via ANOVAs. Correlations were higher between parent proxy reports and adolescent self-reports than between standard parent reports and adolescent self-reports. In addition, average scores on the parent proxy reports were closer to adolescents' self-reports than were average scores on the standard parent reports. These results demonstrate that parents of adolescents with ASDs have different opinions about their children's quality of life than their children do, and that they are aware of these differences. If the goal is to reduce discrepancy between the reports of parents and their adolescent children with ASDs, it may be advisable to ask parents to report on their child's QoL as they believe their children would. C1 [Sheldrick, R. 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Life Res. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1007/s11136-011-9916-5 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 875TL UT WOS:000299057900005 PM 21505880 ER PT J AU Lou, HC AF Lou, Hans C. TI Paradigm shift in consciousness research: the child's self-awareness and abnormalities in autism, ADHD and schizophrenia SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Review DE ADHD; Autism; Conscious experience; Development; Schizophrenia; Self-awareness; Self-regulation ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; DEFAULT NETWORK; RESTING-STATE; GABA NEURONS; INFANT BRAIN; PRECUNEUS; ATTENTION; MEMORY AB Self-awareness is a pivotal component of any conscious experience and conscious self-regulation of behaviour. A paralimbic network is active, specific and causal in self-awareness. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02456.x PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 873WK UT WOS:000298914000012 PM 21883452 ER PT J AU Meguid, NA Fahim, C Sarni, R Nashaat, NH Yoon, U Anwar, M El-Dessouky, HM Shahine, EA Ibrahim, AS Mancini-Marie, A Evans, AC AF Meguid, Nagwa A. Fahim, Cherine Sarni, Rasha Nashaat, Neveen H. Yoon, Uicheul Anwar, Mona El-Dessouky, Hosam M. Shahine, Elham A. Ibrahim, Ahmed Samir Mancini-Marie, Adham Evans, Alan C. TI Cognition and lobar morphology in full mutation boys with fragile X syndrome SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Fragile X syndrome; Surface-based morphometry; Neuroimaging; Cortical thickness; Cognition; Autism ID MENTAL-RETARDATION SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; CORTICAL THICKNESS ANALYSIS; WHITE-MATTER ABNORMALITIES; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; DSM-III-R; MOUSE MODEL; DENDRITIC SPINES; WORKING-MEMORY; BEHAVIOR RELATIONSHIPS AB The aims of the present study are twofold: (1) to examine cortical morphology (CM) associated with alterations in cognition in fragile X syndrome (FXS); (2) to characterize the CM profile of FXS versus FXS with an autism diagnosis (FXS + Aut) as a preliminary attempt to further elucidate the behavioral distinctions between the two sub-groups. We used anatomical magnetic resonance imaging surface-based morphometry in 21 male children (FXS N = 11 and age [2.27-13.3] matched controls [C] N = 10). We found (1) increased whole hemispheric and lobar cortical volume, cortical thickness and cortical complexity bilaterally, yet insignificant changes in hemispheric surface area and gyrification index in FXS compared to C: (2) linear regression analyses revealed significant negative correlations between CM and cognition; (3) significant CM differences between FXS and FXS + Aut associated with their distinctive behavioral phenotypes. These findings are critical in understanding the neuropathophysiology of one of the most common intellectual deficiency syndromes associated with altered cognition as they provide human in vivo information about genetic control of CM and cognition. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fahim, Cherine] Univ Lausanne, Lab Rech Expt Comportement, Inst Psychol, Fac Sci Sociales & Polit, CH-1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland. [Meguid, Nagwa A.; Sarni, Rasha; Nashaat, Neveen H.; Anwar, Mona] Natl Res Ctr, Dept Res Children Special Needs, Div Med Genet, Cairo, Egypt. [Fahim, Cherine; Yoon, Uicheul; Evans, Alan C.] McGill Univ, Montreal Neurol Inst, McConnell Brain Imaging Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Fahim, Cherine; Yoon, Uicheul; Evans, Alan C.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Yoon, Uicheul] Catholic Univ Daegu, Dept Biomed Engn, Hayang Eup, Gyeongsan, South Korea. [El-Dessouky, Hosam M.; Shahine, Elham A.] Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Phoniatr, Cairo, Egypt. [Ibrahim, Ahmed Samir] Ain Shams Univ, Dept Radiol, Cairo, Egypt. [Mancini-Marie, Adham] Univ Geneva, Dept Psychiat, Hop Univ Geneve HUG, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Fahim, C (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Lab Rech Expt Comportement, Inst Psychol, Fac Sci Sociales & Polit, CH-1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland. EM cherine.fahim@unil.ch FU Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics University of Lausanne, Switzerland FX The authors are very grateful to the reviewers who diligently and fully heartedly reviewed the manuscript and provided valuable helpful remarks. We would like to thank the individuals and families who participated in this study. We deeply acknowledge Dr. Alan Evans who offered the Egyptian Neuroimaging Neurodevelopmental Genetics Initiative Network (ENGINE) to use the McConnell Brain Imaging Centre Montreal Neurological Institute facilities to analyze the present study data. This study is supported in part by the Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Authors declare no conflict of interest. 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Stephen, Damian G. TI Eye movement dynamics and cognitive self-organization in typical and atypical development SO COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Interaction-dominance; Self-organization; Development; Autism; Eye movements ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH INTEGRATION; SPREADING DEPRESSION; BRAIN-INJURY; SYSTEMS; CHILDREN; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERCEPTION; PRINCIPLES; INFANTS AB This study analyzed distributions of Euclidean displacements in gaze (i.e. "gaze steps") to evaluate the degree of componential cognitive constraints on audio-visual speech perception tasks. Children performing these tasks exhibited distributions of gaze steps that were closest to power-law or lognormal distributions, suggesting a multiplicatively interactive, flexible, self-organizing cognitive system rather than a component-dominant stipulated cognitive structure. Younger children and children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibited distributions that were closer to power-law than lognormal, indicating a reduced degree of self-organized structure. The relative goodness of lognormal fit was also a significant predictor of ASD, suggesting that this type of analysis may point towards a promising diagnostic tool. These results lend further support to an interaction-dominant framework that casts cognitive processing and development in terms of self-organization instead of fixed components and show that these analytical methods are sensitive to important developmental and neuropsychological differences. C1 [Stephen, Damian G.] Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mirman, Daniel] Moss Rehabil Res Inst, Elkins Pk, PA 19027 USA. [Irwin, Julia R.] Haskins Labs Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Irwin, Julia R.] So Connecticut State Univ, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. RP Stephen, DG (reprint author), Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, 3 Blackfan Circle,Floor 5, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM damian.stephen@wyss.harvard.edu RI Kelty-Stephen, Damian/F-6777-2012; Mirman, Daniel/A-2113-2012 FU Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute; National Institutes of Health [R03DC007339] FX This research was supported by the Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute and National Institutes of Health grant R03DC007339 (J. Irwin, PI) to Haskins Laboratories. We thank Jessica Hafetz and James Dixon for their helpful suggestions. 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Neurodynamics PD FEB PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11571-011-9180-y PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 875AD UT WOS:000299000300006 PM 23372620 ER PT J AU Mukaetova-Ladinska, EB Perry, E Baron, M Povey, C AF Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. Perry, E. Baron, M. Povey, C. CA Autism Ageing Writing Grp TI Ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; ageing; older ID FUNCTIONING AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CENTRAL COHERENCE; ADULTS; BRAIN; CORTEX; ABNORMALITIES; DYSFUNCTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: Although autism in children and in adults attracts attention with respect to clinical and research needs, autism in the older individuals has not been considered to any degree. We review the evidence for urgently addressing the question of ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), focusing on those with disability. Methods: Perspectives are reviewed in relation to demographics, experiences of relatives or carers, anticipated residential care needs, requirement for specifically designed cognitive assessment tools and importance of initiating new brain ageing research initiatives in this area. Results: With escalating numbers of ASD individuals with disability reaching old age, provision of care is the paramount issue that is only beginning to be addressed in a few European communities and in the USA. How ageing affects cognition in such individuals as they reach an age no longer consistent with parental care is unknown, lacking any published evidence, and there is a clear need to design cognitive and behavioural assessment tools appropriate to ageing in ASD individuals with disability, as was the case with respect to dementia as a whole. Although there is a growing body of evidence on pathological, imaging, neuropharmacological and other key brain abnormalities in ASD, these are, to date, confined to children and young (only rarely to middle aged) adults. Conclusions: The need for new initiatives in research into ageing in ASD is urgent. Apart from a growing care crisis, the prospect of understanding brain ageing in this population may bring potential rewards beyond immediate clinical need given the precedent of Down syndrome. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B.; Perry, E.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Ageing & Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Baron, M.; Povey, C.] Natl Autist Soc, London, England. RP Mukaetova-Ladinska, EB (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Inst Ageing & Hlth, Campus Ageing & Vital, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM Elizabeta.Mukaetova-Ladinska@ncl.ac.uk CR Ball S. 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J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1002/gps.2711 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 872DK UT WOS:000298788200001 PM 21538534 ER PT J AU Dillon, G Underwood, J AF Dillon, Gayle Underwood, Jean TI Computer mediated imaginative storytelling in children with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Autism; Computer mediated storytelling; User experience ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; MIND; ABILITIES; INSTRUCTION; MOTHERS; SKILLS AB The imaginative abilities of children on the autistic spectrum are reportedly impaired compared to typically developing children. This study explored computer mediated story construction in children with autism and typically developing peers. The purpose was to explore expressive writing ability, as a measure of imagination. Ten pairs of individually matched children (one typically developing and one child on the autistic spectrum) aged between seven and nine created reality and fantasy based stories using Bubble Dialogue software. The study provided a brief starting point for the stories, relying on the imaginative capabilities of the children to develop the stories beyond the story opening. The study contributes to the literature as an alternative to paper based studies of imagination given the known appeal of technology to most children, particularly children on the autistic spectrum (Gal et al., 2005). This study found that the children with autism were as able as the typically developing children to engage with the task, although qualitative differences in their responses were recorded. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dillon, Gayle; Underwood, Jean] Nottingham Trent Univ, Div Psychol, Nottingham NG1 4BU, England. 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J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 70 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.10.002 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 868KC UT WOS:000298521200006 ER PT J AU Philippi, CL Duff, MC Denburg, NL Tranel, D Rudrauf, D AF Philippi, Carissa L. Duff, Melissa C. Denburg, Natalie L. Tranel, Daniel Rudrauf, David TI Medial PFC Damage Abolishes the Self-reference Effect SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DEFAULT NETWORK; SYSTEM; RELEVANCE; MIND; REPRESENTATION; METAANALYSIS; AUTISM; MEMORY; BRAIN AB Functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the medial PFC (mPFC) is a key component of a large-scale neural system supporting a variety of self-related processes. However, it remains unknown whether the mPFC is critical for such processes. In this study, we used a human lesion approach to examine this question. We administered a standard trait judgment paradigm [ Kelley, W. M., Macrae, C. N., Wyland, C. L., Caglar, S., Inati, S., & Heatherton, T. F. Finding the self? An event-related fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 785-794, 2002] to patients with focal brain damage to the mPFC. The self-reference effect (SRE), a memory advantage conferred by self-related processing, served as a measure of intact self-processing ability. We found that damage to the mPFC abolished the SRE. The results demonstrate that the mPFC is necessary for the SRE and suggest that this structure is important for self-referential processing and the neural representation of self. C1 [Philippi, Carissa L.; Duff, Melissa C.; Denburg, Natalie L.; Tranel, Daniel; Rudrauf, David] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Philippi, CL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, 6001 Res Pk Blvd, Madison, WI 53719 USA. EM cphilippi@wisc.edu FU NINDS [P50 NS19632]; NIDA [R01 DA022549] FX We thank R. Henson for her efforts in scheduling the patients for this study; L. Teo, J. Hartman, and J. Yuska for their help in scheduling and collecting healthy comparison participant data; and J. Bruss for his help in transferring the MAP-3 lesion masks to MNI coordinates. This work was supported by NINDS P50 NS19632 and NIDA R01 DA022549. 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TI Knowing minds, controlling actions: The developmental relations between theory of mind and executive function from 2 to 4 years of age SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Executive function; Theory of mind; Preschoolers; Verbal ability; Longitudinal study; False belief understanding; Working memory; Inhibition ID MISSING-DATA METHODS; FALSE-BELIEF; INHIBITORY CONTROL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BEHAVIOR; SKILLS; DECEPTION; MODELS; AUTISM AB This longitudinal study examined the concurrent and predictive relations between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in 82 preschoolers who were assessed when they were 2, 3, and 4 years old. The results showed that the concurrent relation between EF and ToM, after controlling for age, verbal ability, and sex, was significant at 3 and 4 years of age but not at 2 years of age. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 111 IS 2 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.08.014 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 869TF UT WOS:000298620400013 PM 22024385 ER PT J AU Beamish, W Meadows, D Davies, M AF Beamish, Wendi Meadows, Denis Davies, Michael TI Benchmarking Teacher Practice in Queensland Transition Programs for Youth With Intellectual Disability and Autism SO JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE postschool transition; secondary transition; secondary education; high school; best practice ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; STUDENTS; SCHOOL; PERSPECTIVES AB Extensive work has been done in North America to examine practices recommended to facilitate postschool transitions for youth with disabilities. Few studies in Australia, however, have investigated these practices. This study drew on the Taxonomy for Transition Programming developed by Kohler to benchmark practice at government and nongovernment schools throughout Queensland, Australia. A statewide survey was used to gather data from teachers and other influential staff (N = 104). Participants were asked to (a) indicate their level of agreement that each practice was a program quality indicator and (b) report on the current use of that practice in school programs. Transition practices in the areas of Family-School Relationships, Student Development, and student-focused planning were strongly endorsed and frequently implemented. Lower levels of endorsement and implementation, however, were signaled in the areas of Interagency Collaboration and Program Structure. Recommendations for reform at the school, systems, and interagency levels are provided. C1 [Beamish, Wendi] Griffith Univ, Fac Educ, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Beamish, W (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Fac Educ, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM w.beamish@griffith.edu.au CR Ankeny E. M., 2009, TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL, V41, P28 [Anonymous], 2001, Standards for the preparation of transition specialists Ashman A. F, 1990, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, V16, P169 Atkins K., 1987, ED294334 AYRES BJ, 1994, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V19, P84 Babbie E. R., 1995, PRACTICE SOCIAL RES, V7th Beamish W., 1992, Levels of acceptance and implementation of basic indicators of best educational practice for students with severe handicaps: A Queensland study Beamish W., 2008, CONSENSUS PROGRAM QU Blanchett W. J., 2001, TEACHER ED SPECIAL E, V24, P3, DOI 10.1177/088840640102400103 Centre for Disability Research and Development Edith Cowan University, 1995, Report on the evaluation of the 1994 Western Australian Transition Support Program for students with disabilities Chalmers S. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 45 IS 4 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1177/0022466910366602 PG 15 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 869PU UT WOS:000298611100004 ER PT J AU Chien, YL Wu, YY Chen, CH Gau, SSF Huang, YS Chien, WH Hu, FC Chao, YL AF Chien, Yi-Ling Wu, Yu-Yu Chen, Chia-Hsiang Gau, Susan Shur-Fen Huang, Yu-Shu Chien, Wei-Hsien Hu, Fu-Chang Chao, Yu-Lin TI Association of HLA-DRB1 alleles and neuropsychological function in autism SO PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS LA English DT Article DE autism; DRB1; human lymphocyte antigen; neuropsychological function ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; INCREASED FREQUENCY; CHILDREN; HLA; DISORDERS; TAIWANESE; DISEASE; CHINESE; LINKAGE; PROTEIN AB Evidence suggests an association between autism and immune dysfunction. The associations between human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A2, B44, DR beta 1*04 (DR4), C4B, and haplotype B44-SC30-DR4 and autism have been reported in western countries but there is a lack of such information in Asian population. This study aimed to assess the association between HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies and the clinical phenomenology of autism. The sample included 141 participants (male, 87.2%), who were diagnosed with autistic disorder based on clinical assessments and structured interviews using the Chinese version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and 156 healthy controls (male, 38.6%). The HLA-DRB1 alleles were determined by sequencing-based typing method. A subsample of patients (n=39) were assessed for intelligence and neuropsychological functions. The results showed that the pattern of DRB1 allele frequencies was significantly different between patients with autism and the controls (P=0.047). After adjusting for sex by haplotype regression, the frequencies of DR4, DR11, and DR14 were significantly different between patients with autism and healthy controls. In addition, patients with autism and DR4, DR11, or DR14 had different performance on intelligence and neuropsychology tests. Despite a relatively small sample size and a case-control association design, the findings suggest HLA-DRB1 gene might be associated with autism in Han Chinese. The true functional variants associated with autism in our samples remain to be further clarified. It warrants a replication study of a larger family sample and to validate the HLA genetic association with autism and its influence on neuropsychological function. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00494754). Psychiatr Genet 22:46-49 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 [Chien, Yi-Ling; Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Chien, Yi-Ling] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Yunlin Branch, Touliu, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang; Huang, Yu-Shu] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Kewishan, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang; Chao, Yu-Lin] Tzu Chi Univ, Inst Med Sci, Hualien, Taiwan. [Chen, Chia-Hsiang] Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Div Mental Hlth & Addict Med, Zhunan, Taiwan. [Gau, Susan Shur-Fen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Chien, Wei-Hsien] Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Coll Med, Dept Occupat Therapy, Taipei, Taiwan. [Hu, Fu-Chang] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Med Res, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Hu, Fu-Chang] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Natl Ctr Excellence Gen Clin Trial & Res, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. [Chao, Yu-Lin] Buddhist Tzu Chi Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Gau, SSF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. EM gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw RI Chen, Chia-Hsiang /E-3939-2010 FU National Science Council [NSC96-3112-B-002-033, NSC97-3112-B-002-009]; National Health Research Institute, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Taiwan [NTU-HYL97.N0017] FX This study was supported by grants from National Science Council (NSC96-3112-B-002-033; NSC97-3112-B-002-009), National Health Research Institute, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch (NTU-HYL97.N0017), Taiwan. 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Genet. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1097/YPG.0b013e32834915ae PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 866JN UT WOS:000298376800006 PM 21716163 ER PT J AU Sira, BK Fryling, MJ AF Sira, Bipon K. Fryling, Mitch J. TI Using Peer Modeling and Differential Reinforcement in the Treatment of Food Selectivity SO EDUCATION AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE Differential reinforcement; food selectivity; peer-modeling; observational learning; parent-implemented treatment AB Behavior analysts have evaluated a wide range of assessment and treatment strategies in the area of feeding disorders. However, little is known about the effects of interventions employing peer modeling. This study extends upon the existing research on peer modeling and differential reinforcement with a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with autism who engaged in food selectivity. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA V34CA UT WOS:000209063300004 ER PT J AU Najdowski, AC Tarbox, J Wilke, AE AF Najdowski, Adel C. Tarbox, Jonathan Wilke, Arthur E. TI Utilizing Antecedent Manipulations and Reinforcement in the Treatment of Food Selectivity by Texture SO EDUCATION AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE differential reinforcement; feeding problems; food selectivity; parents; simultaneous presentation; simultaneous reinforcement; texture fading AB Food selectivity by texture is relatively common in children. Treatments for food selectivity by texture have included components such as stimulus fading, reinforcement, and escape extinction. The purpose of the current study was to attempt to treat food selectivity by texture utilizing antecedent manipulations and reinforcement in the absence of escape extinction. 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Treat. Child. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 35 IS 1 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA V34CA UT WOS:000209063300005 ER PT J AU Albizzati, A More, L Di Candia, D Saccani, M Lenti, C AF Albizzati, A. More, L. Di Candia, D. Saccani, M. Lenti, C. TI Normal concentrations of heavy metals in autistic spectrum disorders SO MINERVA PEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; Thimerosal; Metals ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; THIMEROSAL EXPOSURE; CAUSAL ASSOCIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; MERCURY; INFANTS; ENVIRONMENT; CHILDREN; SUPPORT; COHORT AB Aim. Autism is a neurological-psychiatric disease. In the last 20 years we witnessed a strong increase of autism diagnoses. To explain this increase, some scientists put forward the hypothesis that heavy metal intoxication may be one of the causes of autism. The origin of such an intoxication was hypothesised to be vaccines containing thimerosal as antimicrobic preservative. This preservative is mainly made up of mercury. The aim of our research was to investigate the correlation between autism and high biological concentrations of heavy metals. Methods. Seventeen autistic patients, between 6 and 16 years old (average: 11.52 DS: 3.20) (15 males and 2 females), were investigated, as well as 20 non autistic subjects from neuropsychiatric service between 6 and 16 years (average: 10.41 DS: 3.20) (15 males and 2 females). In both groups blood, urine and hair samples were analysed trough means of a semiquantitative analysis of heavy metal dosing. The metals analysed were Lead, mercury, cadmium and aluminium, since their buildup may give both neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Results. The comparison of the mean values of the concentrations between the groups, performed with ANOVA test, has shown no statistically relevant differences. Conclusion. There wasn't correlation between autism and heavy metal concentration. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 097MI UT WOS:000315477800004 PM 22350041 ER PT J AU Parisi, L Di Filippo, T Roccella, M AF Parisi, L. Di Filippo, T. Roccella, M. TI Hypomelanosis of Ito: neurological and psychiatric pictures in developmental age SO MINERVA PEDIATRICA LA English DT Article DE Pigmentation disorders; Congenital abnormalities; Central nervous system diseases ID STURGE-WEBER-SYNDROME; PIGMENTARY MOSAICISM; DISEASE; TRISOMY-13; BLASCHKO; LESIONS; DISOMY; LINES; GIRL; SKIN AB iHypomelanosis of Ito (HOI) is a multisystem neurocutaneous disorder. In the described cases, cutaneous manifestations (unilateral or bilateral streaks and swirls of hypomelanosis with regular and confluent borders) and extracutaneous abnormalities are often associated. Extracutaneous abnormalities involve the musculoskeletal system (scoliosis, vertebral anomalies, cranial-facial malformations) and other organs, as well as the central nervous system (CNS). The most significant anomalies of the CNS are psychomotor retardation and cognitive deficit. Autism, epilepsy, language disorders, cerebral malformations (neural migration disorders, cerebral hypoplasia, cortical atrophy, agenesis of the corpus callosum) are sometimes present. Numerous abnormal chromosomal patterns have been observed. HOI is usually a sporadic disorder; though autosomal dominant transmission has been suggested, recessive and X-linked inheritance patterns have also been reported. This study describes five children with HOI presenting with various features of the clinical spectrum of the syndrome. Some of these cases were referred for psychomotor therapy as part of an integrated neuropsychologic and psychomotor treatment support program. In this view, psychomotor treatment aims to promote the emotional-relational component, to overcome rigid divisions, and to integrate learning-related cognitive aspects with psychodynamic concepts. Finally, the goals of psychological and social support are to help the parents accept their child's handicap, understand the child's behavior, plan future pregnancies, and foster an environment for their child's integration. C1 [Parisi, L.; Di Filippo, T.; Roccella, M.] Univ Palermo, Dept Phychol, Palermo, Italy. RP Roccella, M (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dept Phychol, Palermo, Italy. 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PD FEB PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 097MI UT WOS:000315477800010 PM 22350047 ER PT J AU Lewkowicz, DJ Hansen-Tift, AM AF Lewkowicz, David J. Hansen-Tift, Amy M. TI Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE human infants; multisensory perception; speech acquisition; cognitive development ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; INTERSENSORY PERCEPTION; VISUAL-ATTENTION; NEWBORNS; DISCRIMINATION; VOCALIZATIONS; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; INTEGRATION; SYNCHRONY AB The mechanisms underlying the acquisition of speech-production ability in human infancy are not well understood. We tracked 4-12-mo-old English-learning infants' and adults' eye gaze while they watched and listened to a female reciting a monologue either in their native (English) or nonnative (Spanish) language. We found that infants shifted their attention from the eyes to the mouth between 4 and 8 mo of age regardless of language and then began a shift back to the eyes at 12 mo in response to native but not nonnative speech. We posit that the first shift enables infants to gain access to redundant audiovisual speech cues that enable them to learn their native speech forms and that the second shift reflects growing native-language expertise that frees them to shift attention to the eyes to gain access to social cues. On this account, 12-mo-old infants do not shift attention to the eyes when exposed to nonnative speech because increasing native-language expertise and perceptual narrowing make it more difficult to process nonnative speech and require them to continue to access redundant audiovisual cues. 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[Boekhoff-Falk, Grace] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Cell & Regenerat Biol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Boekhoff-Falk, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Neurosci Training Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM boekhofffalk@wisc.edu RI Boekhoff-Falk, Grace/B-2240-2008 OI Boekhoff-Falk, Grace/0000-0002-9877-8309 FU National Institutes of Health [RR12294, T32 GM-7507, R01 GM59871]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01-GM084947]; University of Wisconsin Graduate School FX We thank Ralph Albrecht and Joseph Heinz for scanning electron microscopy training and access; Hugo Bellen for sens and ato antibodies; Dan Eberl for ato1/ato1 flies; Andrew Jarman and Petra zur Lage for ato and amos antibodies and mutants; and Janie Yang for technical assistance. We also thank Drs. Margaret McFall-Ngai and Ned Ruby for access to the Zeiss LSM confocal microscope in the University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (which is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant RR12294). The monoclonal, Cut Elav, Fas2, Pros, Repo, and 22C10 antibodies used in these studies were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, developed under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and maintained by the University of Iowa Department of Biological Sciences. We thank the Transgenic RNAi Project (TRiP) at Harvard Medical School (National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant R01-GM084947) for providing transgenic RNAi fly stocks and/or plasmid vectors used in this study. The authors are grateful for the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. J.P. was supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant T32 GM-7507 and a grant from the University of Wisconsin Graduate School. This work also was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01 GM59871 (to G.B.-F.). 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Collectively, these data support the concept that oligomerization of Ca(v)1.2 channels via their C termini can result in the amplification of Ca2+ influx into excitable cells. C1 [Dixon, Rose E.; Yuan, Can; Cheng, Edward P.; Navedo, Manuel F.; Santana, Luis F.] Univ Washington, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Santana, LF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM santana@uw.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL085870, HL085686, HL098200]; American Heart Association [0735251N, 0840094N] FX We thank Drs. A. Vega, A. Barria, and W. Cerpa for technical assistance, and Drs. E. Dickson, J. Mercado, M. Nieves-Cintron, M. Nystoriak and F. Rieke for reading this manuscript. Support for this work was provided by National Institutes of Health Grants HL085870, HL085686, and HL098200 and American Heart Association Grants 0735251N and 0840094N. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 31 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.1073/pnas.1116731109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 884TJ UT WOS:000299731400079 PM 22307641 ER PT J AU Chevallier, C Molesworth, C Happe, F AF Chevallier, Coralie Molesworth, Catherine Happe, Francesca TI Diminished Social Motivation Negatively Impacts Reputation Management: Autism Spectrum Disorders as a Case in Point SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EARLY RECOGNITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ATTENTION; EMERGENCE; COGNITION; DEFICITS; STIMULI; INFANTS; ORIENT AB Human beings are endowed with a unique motivation to be included in social interactions. This natural social motivation, in turn, is thought to encourage behaviours such as flattery or self-deprecation aimed to ease interaction and to enhance the reputation of the individual who produces them. If this is the case, diminished social interest should affect reputation management. Here, we use Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) -primarily characterised by pervasive social disinterest-as a model to investigate the effect of social motivation on reputation management. Children first rated a set of pictures and were then given the opportunity to inflate their initial ratings in front of an experimenter who declared that she had drawn the picture. Contrary to the controls, children with ASD did not enhance their ratings in the drawer's presence. Moreover, participants' flattery behaviour correlated with self-reports of social enjoyment. Our findings point to a link between diminished social interest and reputation management. C1 [Chevallier, Coralie; Molesworth, Catherine; Happe, Francesca] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Chevallier, Coralie] Univ Penn, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Chevallier, Coralie] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chevallier, C (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Ctr, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM coralie.chevallier@gmail.com RI Happe, Francesca/D-5544-2012 FU Economic and Social Research Council [RES-000-22-3136, PTA-026-27-2226] FX FH and CC were supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant code RES-000-22-3136). CM was also supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant code PTA-026-27-2226). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Our previous studies revealed that olfactory axons display defective pathfinding and targeting in the setting of Mecp2 mutation. In the present work, we use Mecp2 mutant mouse models and the olfactory system to investigate dendritic development. Here, we demonstrate that mitral cell dendritic development proceeds normally in mutant mice, resulting in typical dendritic morphology at early postnatal ages. We also failed to detect abnormalities in dendritic inputs at symptomatic stages when glomeruli from mutant mice appear smaller in area than the wild type (WT) (6 weeks postnatally). Collectively, these findings suggest that the initial defects in glomeruli impairment seen with Mecp2 mutation do not result from abnormal dendritic development. Our results using the olfactory system indicate that dendritic abnormalities are not an early feature in the abnormalities incurred by Mecp2 mutation. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Palmer, A. M.; Degano, A. L.; Park, M. J.; Ramamurthy, S.; Ronnett, G. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Metab & Obes Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Palmer, A. M.; Degano, A. L.; Park, M. J.; Ramamurthy, S.; Ronnett, G. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ronnett, G. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ronnett, G. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ronnett, GV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, 855 N Wolfe St,Rangos 470, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM gronnett@jhmi.edu FU DGIST; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Republic of Korea (DGIST Convergence Science Center) [11-BD-04]; NIH NINDS [R01 NS 041079] FX This work is supported by the DGIST, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Republic of Korea (DGIST Convergence Science Center 11-BD-04) and by NIH NINDS R01 NS 041079 to G.V.R. 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TI Familial Linkage between Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Intellectual Interests SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY; MENTAL-ILLNESS; CREATIVITY; WRITERS; AUTISM; RELATIVES AB From personality to neuropsychiatric disorders, individual differences in brain function are known to have a strong heritable component. Here we report that between close relatives, a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders covary strongly with intellectual interests. We surveyed an entire class of high-functioning young adults at an elite university for prospective major, familial incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders, and demographic and attitudinal questions. Students aspiring to technical majors (science/mathematics/engineering) were more likely than other students to report a sibling with an autism spectrum disorder (p = 0.037). Conversely, students interested in the humanities were more likely to report a family member with major depressive disorder (p = 8.8 x 10(-4)), bipolar disorder (p = 0.027), or substance abuse problems (p = 1.9 x 10(-6)). A combined PREdisposition for Subject MattEr (PRESUME) score based on these disorders was strongly predictive of subject matter interests (p = 9.6 x 10(-8)). Our results suggest that shared genetic (and perhaps environmental) factors may both predispose for heritable neuropsychiatric disorders and influence the development of intellectual interests. C1 [Campbell, Benjamin C.; Wang, Samuel S. -H.] Princeton Univ, Inst Neurosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Campbell, Benjamin C.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Biol Modeling, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Wang, Samuel S. -H.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Campbell, BC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Inst Neurosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 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TI The test characteristics of head circumference measurements for pathology associated with head enlargement: a retrospective cohort study SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC EXTERNAL HYDROCEPHALUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; GROWTH; INFANTS; AUTISM; LENGTH; CHART; LIFE; OVERGROWTH; DISORDERS AB Background: The test characteristics of head circumference (HC) measurement percentile criteria for the identification of previously undetected pathology associated with head enlargement in primary care are unknown. Methods: Electronic patient records were reviewed to identify children age 3 days to 3 years with new diagnoses of intracranial expansive conditions (IEC) and metabolic and genetic conditions associated with macrocephaly (MGCM). We tested the following HC percentile threshold criteria: ever above the 95th, 97th, or 99.6th percentile and ever crossing 2, 4, or 6 increasing major percentile lines. The Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization growth curves were used, as well as the primary care network (PCN) curves previously derived from this cohort. Results: Among 74,428 subjects, 85 (0.11%) had a new diagnosis of IEC (n = 56) or MGCM (n = 29), and between these 2 groups, 24 received intervention. The 99.6th percentile of the PCN curve was the only threshold with a PPV over 1% (PPV 1.8%); the sensitivity of this threshold was only 15%. Test characteristics for the 95th percentiles were: sensitivity (CDC: 46%; WHO: 55%; PCN: 40%), positive predictive value (PPV: CDC: 0.3%; WHO: 0.3%; PCN: 0.4%), and likelihood ratios positive (LR+: CDC: 2.8; WHO: 2.2; PCN: 3.9). Test characteristics for the 97th percentiles were: sensitivity (CDC: 40%; WHO: 48%; PCN: 34%), PPV (CDC: 0.4%; WHO: 0.3%; PCN: 0.6%), and LR+ (CDC: 3.6; WHO: 2.7; PCN: 5.6). Test characteristics for crossing 2 increasing major percentile lines were: sensitivity (CDC: 60%; WHO: 40%; PCN: 31%), PPV (CDC: 0.2%; WHO: 0.1%; PCN: 0.2%), and LR+ (CDC: 1.3; WHO: 1.1; PCN: 1.5). Conclusions: Commonly used HC percentile thresholds had low sensitivity and low positive predictive value for diagnosing new pathology associated with head enlargement in children in a primary care network. C1 [Daymont, Carrie] Univ Manitoba, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Daymont, Carrie] Manitoba Inst Child Hlth, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Daymont, Carrie; Zabel, Moira; Feudtner, Chris; Rubin, David M.] Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Daymont, Carrie; Zabel, Moira] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Feudtner, Chris; Rubin, David M.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Feudtner, Chris; Rubin, David M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, PolicyLab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Daymont, C (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Pediat & Child Hlth, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM cdaymont@mich.ca FU U.S. National Research Service [T32HP10026]; Manitoba Health Research Council; Manitoba Institute of Child Health FX Dr. Daymont's time was funded by a U.S. National Research Service Award for Primary Medical Care (T32) Grant T32HP10026 and then by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the Manitoba Health Research Council and the Manitoba Institute of Child Health. No funding body had any role in the design or conduction of the study or the decision to submit it for publication. 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We hypothesized that methods developed within network theory, such as identifying clusters and specific local network structures, can reveal structures that would be difficult to discover using traditional methods such as multidimensional scaling (MDS) and ordinary cluster analysis. The concepts divided into three main clusters, which can be described as negative, positive, and surprise. Negative and positive clusters divided further into meaningful sub-clusters, corresponding to those found in previous studies. Importantly, this method allowed the same concept to be a member in more than one cluster. Our results suggest that studying particular network structures that do not fit into a low-dimensional description can shed additional light on why subjects evaluate certain concepts as similar. To encourage the use of network methods in analyzing similarity data, we provide the analysis software for free use (http://www.becs.tkk.fi/similaritynets/). C1 [Toivonen, Riitta; Kivela, Mikko; Saramaki, Jari; Viinikainen, Mikko; Vanhatalo, Maija; Sams, Mikko] Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci BECS, Espoo, Finland. RP Toivonen, R (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci BECS, Espoo, Finland. EM mikko.sams@aalto.fi RI Sams, Mikko/G-7060-2012; Kivela, Mikko/G-6678-2011; Saramaki, Jari/E-5226-2011 OI Kivela, Mikko/0000-0003-2049-1954; FU Academy of Finland; Finnish Center of Excellence Program [213470]; ComMIT graduate school; Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation FX We acknowledge the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Center of Excellence Program 2006-2011, Project No. 213470. Dr. Toivonen was partially supported by the ComMIT graduate school. Dr. Viinikainen was partially supported by the Graduate School of Electronics, Telecommunication and Automation. No additional external funding received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Although exact underlying causes are still unknown, nearly 30% of autistic patients show elevated blood levels of serotonin (5-HT) and, therefore, various genetic and environmental factors that are known to elevate 5-HT levels may play a role in the development of ASDs. In the present study, we used the socially monogamous male prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) as an animal model to examine the effects of perinatal exposure to 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT), a non-selective serotonin agonist, on subsequent behavioral and neurochemical changes in the brain. 5-MT treated males showed a decrease in affiliation and an increase in anxiety-related behavior, as well as a decrease in the density of 5-HT immunoreactive (ir) fibers in the amygdala and oxytocin-ir and vasopressin-ir cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, compared to saline treated controls. These data indicate that exposure to 5-HT during early development can induce abnormalities in various neurochemical systems which, in turn, may underlie deficits in social and anxiety-related behaviors. In addition, these data will help to establish the prairie vole model to study the neurobiological underpinnings of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as ASDs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Zuoxin] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wang, Zuoxin] Florida State Univ, Program Neurosci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Wang, ZX (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM zwang@psy.fsu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [MHR01-058616] FX We thank Dr. Kimberly Young, Claudia Lieberwirth, Kelly Lei, Adam Smith, and Matt D'Alessandro for their critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant MHR01-058616 to ZXW. 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Thus, human speech and mouse USV appear to have a Foxp2-mediated common molecular basis in the cerebellum. Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic adhesion molecule CADM1 (RA175/Necl2/SynCAM1/Cadm1) have been identified in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have impaired speech and language. In the present study, we show that both Cadm1-deficient knockout (KO) pups and Foxp2(R552H) KI pups exhibit impaired USV and smaller cerebellums. Cadm1 was preferentially localized to the apical-distal portion of the dendritic arbor of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of wild-type pups, and VGluT1 level decreased in the cerebellum of Cadm1 KO mice. In addition, we detected reduced immunoreactivity of Cadm1 and VGluT1 on the poorly developed dendritic arbor of Purkinje cells in the Foxp2(R552H) KI pups. However, Cadm1 mRNA expression was not altered in the Foxp2(R552H) KI pups. 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EM mymomoi@jichi.ac.jp; momoi@iuhw.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [21200011, 21700377]; Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan [10103243] FX This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (21200011, 21700377), Grants-in-Aid for Health Labour Scientific Research of the Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (10103243). We are extremely grateful to all the families. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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Broad Biomedical Foundation; Davis Foundation; National Institutes of Health [MH086712] FX We thank Ernst Fehr, Markus Heinrichs, and Steven P. Wise for helpful discussions and valuable suggestions; Benjamin Y. Hayden, David B. Barack, and Jean-Francois Gariepy for comments; Monica L. Carlson for technical assistance; and Francis Sun DVM at the Duke Division of Laboratory Animal Resource for cerebrospinal fluid collection. This work was supported by a Ruth K. Broad Biomedical Foundation Postdoctoral grant (to S. W. C. C.); a Predoctoral grant (to R. B. E.); the Davis Foundation (K. K. W.), a National Institutes of Health T32 Postdoctoral Grant (to S. W. C. C.); and National Institutes of Health Grant MH086712 (to S. W. C. C., K. K. W., and M.L.P.). 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PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3 BP E103 EP E110 DI 10.1073/pnas.1106233109 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877CK UT WOS:000299154000001 PM 22207624 ER PT J AU Di Benedetto, D Di Vita, G Romano, C Lo Giudice, M Vitello, GA Zingale, M Grillo, L Castiglia, L Musumeci, SA Fichera, M AF Di Benedetto, Daniela Di Vita, Giuseppa Romano, Corrado Lo Giudice, Mariangela Vitello, Girolamo Aurelio Zingale, Marinella Grillo, Lucia Castiglia, Lucia Musumeci, Sebastiano Antonino Fichera, Marco TI 6p22.3 deletion: report of a patient with autism, severe intellectual disability and electroencephalographic anomalies SO MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE 6p22.3 deletion; Array-CGH; ASDs; Hypotonia; DTNBP1 ID ERM-LIKE PROTEIN; INTERSTITIAL DELETION; GENE; MIR; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION; DYSBINDIN; INTERACTS; JUMONJI; BRAIN AB Background: The interstitial 6p deletions, involving the 6p22-p24 chromosomal region, are rare events characterized by variable phenotypes and no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been established so far. Results: High resolution array-CGH identified 1 Mb de novo interstitial deletion in 6p22.3 chromosomal region in a patient affected by severe Intellectual Disability (ID), Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), and electroencephalographic anomalies. This deletion includes ATXN1, DTNBP1, JARID2 and MYLIP genes, known to play an important role in the brain, and the GMPR gene whose function in the nervous system is unknown. Conclusions: We support the suggestion that ATXN1, DTNBP1, JARID2 and MYLIP are candidate genes for the pathophysiology of ASDs and ID, and we propose that deletion of DTNBP1 and/or JARID2 contributes to the hypotonia phenotype. C1 [Di Benedetto, Daniela; Grillo, Lucia; Castiglia, Lucia; Fichera, Marco] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Med Genet Lab, Troina, Italy. [Romano, Corrado] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Unit Pediat & Med Genet, Troina, Italy. [Lo Giudice, Mariangela] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Unit Neuromuscular Dis, Troina, Italy. [Di Vita, Giuseppa; Vitello, Girolamo Aurelio; Musumeci, Sebastiano Antonino] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Neurol Unit, Troina, Italy. [Zingale, Marinella] IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Unit Psychol, Troina, Italy. [Fichera, Marco] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. RP Di Benedetto, D (reprint author), IRCCS Assoc Oasi Maria Santissima, Med Genet Lab, Troina, Italy. EM ddibenedetto@oasi.en.it RI Romano, Corrado/B-9695-2008 OI Romano, Corrado/0000-0003-1049-0683 FU Telethon [GGP08226] FX This study was supported by Telethon (grant no. GGP08226 to M.F.). 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Cytogenet. PD JAN 17 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1755-8166-6-4 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 085JB UT WOS:000314610000001 PM 23324214 ER PT J AU Calderoni, S Retico, A Biagi, L Tancredi, R Muratori, F Tosetti, M AF Calderoni, Sara Retico, Alessandra Biagi, Laura Tancredi, Raffaella Muratori, Filippo Tosetti, Michela TI Female children with autism spectrum disorder: An insight from mass-univariate and pattern classification analyses SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Magnetic resonance imaging; Children; Female; Voxel-based morphometry; Support vector machine ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; INFANTILE-AUTISM; FRONTAL-CORTEX; BRAIN SIZE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; JOINT ATTENTION AB Several studies on structural MRI in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have mainly focused on samples prevailingly consisting of males. Sex differences in brain structure are observable since infancy and therefore caution is required in transferring to females the results obtained for males. The neuroanatomical phenotype of female children with ASD (ASDf) represents indeed a neglected area of research. In this study, we investigated for the first time the anatomic brain structures of a sample entirely composed of ASDf (n = 38; 2-7 years of age; mean = 53 months; SD = 18) with respect to 38 female age and non verbal IQ matched controls, using both mass-univariate and pattern classification approaches. The whole brain volumes of each group were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure, allowing us to build a study-specific template. Significantly more gray matter (GM) was found in the left superior frontal gyms (SFG) in ASDf subjects compared to controls. The GM segments obtained in the VBM-DARTEL preprocessing are also classified with a support vector machine (SVM), using the leave-pair-out cross-validation protocol. Then, the recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) approach allows for the identification of the most discriminating voxels in the GM segments and these prove extremely consistent with the SFG region identified by the VBM analysis. Furthermore, the SVM-RFE map obtained with the most discriminating set of voxels corresponding to the maximum Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC(max) = 0.80) highlighted a more complex circuitry of increased cortical volume in ASDf, involving bilaterally the SFG and the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). The SFG and TPJ abnormalities may be relevant to the pathophysiology of ASDf, since these structures participate in some core atypical features of autism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Calderoni, Sara; Biagi, Laura; Tancredi, Raffaella; Muratori, Filippo; Tosetti, Michela] IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. [Calderoni, Sara; Muratori, Filippo] Univ Pisa, Div Child Neurol & Psychiat, Pisa, Italy. [Retico, Alessandra] Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Pisa Sect, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Muratori, F (reprint author), IRCCS Stella Maris Fdn, Viale Tirreno 331, I-56018 Pisa, Italy. EM filippo.muratori@inpe.unipi.at RI Retico, Alessandra /I-6321-2012 OI Retico, Alessandra /0000-0001-5135-4472 FU Italian Ministry of Health FX This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health through the Strategic Program: Inquiry into Disruption of Intersubjective Equipment in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood (IDIA). 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Simmons, David R. McAleer, Phil Marjoram, Dominic Piggot, Judith Pollick, Frank E. TI Do distinct atypical cortical networks process biological motion information in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders? SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Autism Spectrum Disorders; Biological motion; fMRI; Connectivity; Granger Causality Mapping ID FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; PSYCHOMETRIC FUNCTION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; NEURAL MECHANISMS; BRAIN-AREAS; PERCEPTION; FMRI; RECOGNITION; CHILDREN AB Whether people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have a specific deficit when processing biological motion has been a topic of much debate. We used psychophysical methods to determine individual behavioural thresholds in a point-light direction discrimination paradigm for a small but carefully matched groups of adults (N = 10 per group) with and without ASDs. These thresholds were used to derive individual stimulus levels in an identical fMRI task, with the purpose of equalising task performance across all participants whilst inside the scanner. The results of this investigation show that despite comparable behavioural performance both inside and outside the scanner, the group with ASDs shows a different pattern of BOLD activation from the TD group in response to the same stimulus levels. Furthermore, connectivity analysis suggests that the main differences between the groups are that the TD group utilise a unitary network with information passing from temporal to parietal regions, whilst the ASD group utilise two distinct networks; one utilising motion sensitive areas and another utilising form selective areas. Furthermore, a temporal-parietal link that is present in the TD group is missing in the ASD group. We tentatively propose that these differences may occur due to early dysfunctional connectivity in the brains of people with ASDs, which to some extent is compensated for by rewiring in high functioning adults. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McKay, Lawrie S.] Netherlands Inst Neurosci, NL-1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [McKay, Lawrie S.; Simmons, David R.; Marjoram, Dominic; Pollick, Frank E.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Psychol, Glasgow G12 8QB, Lanark, Scotland. [McAleer, Phil] Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Glasgow G12 8QB, Lanark, Scotland. [Piggot, Judith] Univ Dundee, Dept Psychiat, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP McKay, LS (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Neurosci, Meibergdreef 47, NL-1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM l.mckay@nin.knaw.nl; david.simmons@glasgow.ac.uk; p.mcaleer@psy.gla.ac.uk; jpiggot@nhs.net; frank.pollick@glasgow.ac.uk RI Simmons, David/A-4916-2012; Pollick, Frank/F-3186-2011; McAleer, Phil/A-8178-2011 OI Pollick, Frank/0000-0002-7212-4622; McAleer, Phil/0000-0002-4523-2097 FU ESRC/MRC [RES-060-25-0010, 1428] FX We thank all of the generous individuals who have devoted time to reading and commenting on the draft versions of this paper, and in particular the reviewers who offered invaluable comments and suggestions. Grant support for the authors has been gratefully received from the ESRC/MRC ("Social Interactions: A Cognitive Neurosciences Approach" (RES-060-25-0010)) (D.S., F.P.), and Autism Speaks ("The processing of biological motion patterns in adults with high-functioning autism" No. 1428) (D.S., F.P., P.M.) Studentships from ESRC/MRC (LM.). We would also like to thank the Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (CCNI) at the University of Glasgow for the use of the facilities and the Glasgow Autism Resource Centre for their assistance in recruiting the clinical group. 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Kelso, J. A. Scott TI Electrophysiological signatures of intentional social coordination in the 10-12 Hz range SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Social coordination; Action-observation; Intent-perception; Mirror neuron system; ERD/ERS; Hemispheric predisposition ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; HIGH-RESOLUTION EEG; MU-RHYTHM; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; GRASP REPRESENTATIONS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; MEMORY PROCESSES; PREMOTOR CORTEX; MOTOR CORTEX AB This study sought to investigate the effects of manipulating social coordination on brain synchronization/de-synchronization in the mu band. Mu activation is associated with understanding and coordinating motor acts and may play a key role in mediating social interaction. Members of a dyad were required to interact with one another in a rhythmic finger movement coordination task under various instructions: intrinsic where each member of the dyad was instructed to maintain their own and ignore their partner's movement; in-phase where they were asked to synchronize with their partner's movement; and anti-phase where they were instructed to syncopate with their partner's movement. EEG and movement data were recorded simultaneously from both subjects during all three tasks and a control condition. Log power ratios of EEG activity in the active conditions versus control were used to assess the effect of task context on synchronization/de-synchronization in the mu spectral domain. Results showed clear and systematic modulation of mu band activity in the 10-12 Hz range as a function of coordination context. In the left hemisphere general levels of alpha-mu suppression increased progressively as one moved from intrinsic through in-phase to anti-phase contexts but with no specific central-parietal focus. In contrast the right hemisphere displayed context-specific changes in the central-parietal region. The intrinsic condition showed a right synchronization which disappeared with the in-phase context even as de-synchronization remained greater in the left hemisphere. Anti-phase was associated with larger mu suppression in the right in comparison with left at central-parietal region. Such asymmetrical changes were highly correlated with changing behavioral dynamics. These specific patterns of activation and deactivation of mu activity suggest that localized neural circuitry in right central-parietal regions mediates how individuals interpret the movements of others in the context of their own actions. A right sided mechanism in the 10-12 Hz range appears to be involved in integrating the mutual information among the members of a dyad that enables the dynamics of social interaction to unfold in time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Naeem, Muhammad; Prasad, Girijesh; Watson, David R.; Kelso, J. A. Scott] Univ Ulster, Sch Comp & Intelligent Syst, Intelligent Syst Res Ctr, Coleraine BT487JL, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Kelso, J. A. Scott] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Human Brain & Behav Lab, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Naeem, M (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Comp & Intelligent Syst, Intelligent Syst Res Ctr, Magee Campus, Coleraine BT487JL, Londonderry, North Ireland. 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Saathoff, Claudia Jakob, Peter M. Lesch, Klaus-Peter Fallgatter, Andreas J. TI Randomness of resting-state brain oscillations encodes Gray's personality trait SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE Hurst exponent; Fractals; Behavioural activation system; Sensitivity to reward; fMRI ID FUNCTIONAL MRI; REWARD; SENSITIVITY; CONNECTIVITY; IMPULSIVITY; DIMENSIONS; ACTIVATION; PUNISHMENT; STRIATUM; DISORDER AB Randomness of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) resting-state time-series has recently been used as a biomarker for numerous disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease as well as autism. To date, however, it remains unknown whether and to what degree personality traits are associated with the randomness of resting-state temporal dynamics. To investigate this question, we estimated the Hurst exponent - a measure of the randomness of a time-series - during resting-state fMRI in brain areas previously associated with trait Impulsivity as defined in Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality in 15 healthy individuals. The Hurst exponent in the ventral striatum as well as in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was significantly associated with the measure of Gray's trait Impulsivity. Specifically, more random resting-state neural dynamics corresponded to higher Impulsivity scores both in the ventral striatum (r(15) = -.71; p = .003) and the OFC (r(15)= -.81; p<.001). In summary, we provide evidence for an association between individual differences in Gray's Impulsivity and randomness in key areas of the reward system which have previously been associated with this personality trait Based on evidence from fMRI and electroencephalographical studies, we suggest that this association might arise from resting-state fluctuations constraining task-related neural responsiveness. Thereby, we outline a potential mechanism linking randomness of resting-state dynamics and personality. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hahn, Tim] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Cognit Psychol 2, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hahn, Tim; Dresler, Thomas; Dieler, Alica C.; Saathoff, Claudia; Lesch, Klaus-Peter] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapy, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany. [Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Fallgatter, Andreas J.] Univ Tubingen, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Pyka, Martin] Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-35039 Marburg, Germany. [Jakob, Peter M.] Res Ctr Magnet Resonance Bavaria, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Jakob, Peter M.] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Expt Phys 5, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Hahn, T (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Cognit Psychol 2, Mertonstr 17, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. EM TimHahn@gmx.net RI Dresler, Thomas/F-8631-2010; Hahn, Tim/C-7045-2011; Hahn, Tim/N-7250-2013; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/J-4906-2013 OI Hahn, Tim/0000-0002-1177-3346; Lesch, Klaus-Peter/0000-0001-8348-153X FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KFO 125]; Transregio-SFB [TRR58-C4] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Felix Breuer from the Research Center Magnetic-Resonance-Bavaria for his technical support and C. Chiossi and L. Kowarsch for assistance in fMRI data acquisition. The study was partially supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 125) and the Transregio-SFB (TRR58-C4). 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C. Alves, Nyresa C. Nashmi, Raad De Biasi, Mariella Lambe, Evelyn K. TI Nicotinic alpha 5 Subunits Drive Developmental Changes in the Activation and Morphology of Prefrontal Cortex Layer VI Neurons SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE alpha 5 subunit; CHRNA5; layer VI; neuronal morphology; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; prefrontal cortex ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; REACTION-TIME-TASK; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BETA-2 SUBUNITS; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; CHOLINERGIC-RECEPTOR; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT AB Background: Nicotinic signaling in prefrontal layer VI pyramidal neurons is important to the function of mature attention systems. The normal incorporation of alpha 5 subunits into alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors augments nicotinic signaling in these neurons and is required for normal attention performance in adult mice. However, the role of alpha 5 subunits in the development of the prefrontal cortex is not known. Methods: We sought to answer this question by examining nicotinic currents and neuronal morphology in layer VI neurons of medial prefrontal cortex of wild-type and alpha 5 subunit knockout (alpha 5(-/-)) mice during postnatal development and in adulthood. Results: In wild-type but not in alpha 5(-/-) mice, there is a developmental peak in nicotinic acetylcholine currents in the third postnatal week. At this juvenile time period, the majority of neurons in all mice have long apical dendrites extending into cortical layer I. Yet, by early adulthood, wild-type but not alpha 5(-/-) mice show a pronounced shift toward shorter apical dendrites. This cellular difference occurs in the absence of genotype differences in overall cortical morphology. Conclusions: Normal developmental changes in nicotinic signaling and dendritic morphology in prefrontal cortex depend on alpha 5-comprising nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It appears that these receptors mediate a specific developmental retraction of apical dendrites in layer VI neurons. This finding provides novel insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying the known attention deficits in alpha 5(-/-) mice and potentially also into the pathophysiology of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit disorder and autism. C1 [Bailey, Craig D. C.; Alves, Nyresa C.; Lambe, Evelyn K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Lambe, Evelyn K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Nashmi, Raad] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [De Biasi, Mariella] Baylor Coll Med, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lambe, EK (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Physiol, 1 Kings Coll Circle,MSB Room 3358, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. 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Psychiatry PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 71 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.011 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 863GH UT WOS:000298150300006 PM 22030359 ER PT J AU Tan, MH Mester, JL Ngeow, J Rybicki, LA Orloff, MS Eng, C AF Tan, Min-Han Mester, Jessica L. Ngeow, Joanne Rybicki, Lisa A. Orloff, Mohammed S. Eng, Charis TI Lifetime Cancer Risks in Individuals with Germline PTEN Mutations SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HAMARTOMA-TUMOR-SYNDROME; SYNDROME PLEASE STAND; COWDEN-SYNDROME; MELANOMA; DISEASE; BRCA1; SPECTRUM; CARRIERS; AUTISM; WILL AB Purpose: Age-adjusted cancer incidence and age-related penetrance studies have helped guide cancer risk assessment and management. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a term encompassing subsets of several clinical syndromes with germline mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We conducted the first prospective study to clarify corresponding cancer risks to shed biologic insights on human germline PTEN mutations, and to better inform current surveillance recommendations on the basis of expert opinion. Experimental Design: A series of 3,399 individuals meeting relaxed International Cowden Consortium PHTS criteria were prospectively recruited; 368 individuals were found to have deleterious germline PTEN mutations. Age-adjusted standardized incidence ratio (SIR) calculations and genotype-phenotype analyses were carried out. Results: Elevated SIRs were found for carcinomas of the breast [25.4, 95% confidence interval (CI), 19.8-32.0], thyroid (51.1, 38.1-67.1), endometrium (42.9, 28.1-62.8), colorectum (10.3, 5.6-17.4), kidney (30.6, 17.8-49.4), and melanoma (8.5, 4.1-15.6). Estimated lifetime risks were, respectively, 85.2% (95% CI, 71.4%-99.1%), 35.2% (19.7%-50.7%), 28.2% (17.1%-39.3%), 9.0% (3.8%-14.1%), 33.6% (10.4%-56.9%), and 6% (1.6%-9.4%). Promoter mutations were associated with breast cancer, whereas colorectal cancer was associated with nonsense mutations. Conclusion: Lifetime risks for a variety of cancers, now extending to colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and melanoma, are increased in patients with PTEN mutations. The genotype-phenotype associations here may provide new insights on PTEN structure and function. We propose a comprehensive approach to surveillance of patients with PTEN mutations. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 400-7. (C) 2012 AACR. C1 [Tan, Min-Han; Mester, Jessica L.; Ngeow, Joanne; Orloff, Mohammed S.; Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Rybicki, Lisa A.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Quantitat Hlth Sci, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Mester, Jessica L.; Rybicki, Lisa A.; Orloff, Mohammed S.; Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Taussig Canc Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Eng, Charis] Cleveland Clin, Stanley Shalom Zielony Inst Nursing Excellence, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Eng, Charis] Case Western Reserve Univ, CASE Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Eng, C (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Genom Med Inst, Lerner Res Inst, 9500 Euclid Ave,NE-50, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM engc@ccf.org FU American Cancer Society [RPG-02-151-01-CCE]; F.M. Kirby Foundation; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD [P01CA124570, R01CA118989]; William Randolph Hearst Foundations; Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award FX M.-H. Tan is the Lee Foundation (Singapore) Fellow and an Ambrose Monell Foundation Cancer Genomic Medicine Clinical fellow at the Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute. J. Ngeow is a SingHealth (Singapore) fellow and an Ambrose Monell Foundation Cancer Genomic Medicine Clinical Fellow at the Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute. C. Eng is the Sondra J. and Stephen R. Hardis Chair of Cancer Genomic Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic and is the recipient of an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professorship, generously funded, in part, by the F.M. Kirby Foundation. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data. No funders of the study had any involvement in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by other authors.The study was supported by National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (P01CA124570 and R01CA118989 to C. Eng); American Cancer Society (RPG-02-151-01-CCE to C. Eng); William Randolph Hearst Foundations and Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award (to C. Eng). 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PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2283 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 879HR UT WOS:000299320800010 PM 22252256 ER PT J AU Santa Rocca, M Fabretto, A Faletra, F Carlet, O Skabar, A Gasparini, P Pecile, V AF Santa Rocca, Maria Fabretto, Antonella Faletra, Flavio Carlet, Ombretta Skabar, Aldo Gasparini, Paolo Pecile, Vanna TI Contribution of SNP arrays in diagnosis of deletion 2p11.2-p12 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Microdeletion 2p11.2-p12; SNP array analysis; REEP1; SPG31 ID HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; ALPHA-N-CATENIN; GENE; 2P12; RARE; MUTATIONS; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 2 are exceedingly rare, having been reported in few patients. Furthermore most cases with deletion in 2p11.2-p12 have been studied using standard karyotype and so it is not possible to delineate the precise size of deletions. Here, we describe a 9-year-old girl with a 9.4 Mb de novo interstitial deletion of region 2p11.2-p12 identified by SNP array analysis. The deleted region encompasses over 40 known genes, including LRRTM1,CTNNA2 and REEP1, haploinsufficiency of which could explain some clinical features of this patient such as mental retardation, speech delay and gait abnormalities. A comparison of our case with previously reported patients who present deletions in 2p11.2-p12 was carried out. Our case adds new information to the deletion of 2p11.2-p12, improving the knowledge on this rearrangement. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Santa Rocca, Maria; Fabretto, Antonella; Faletra, Flavio; Skabar, Aldo; Gasparini, Paolo; Pecile, Vanna] Inst Maternal & Child Hlth IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. [Carlet, Ombretta] IRCCS Nostra Famiglia, I-31015 Treviso, Italy. RP Santa Rocca, M (reprint author), Inst Maternal & Child Hlth IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. 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This dominant negative effect translates into dose-dependent altered cognitive behavior of SHANK2-R462X-expressing mice, with an impact on the penetrance of ASD. C1 [Berkel, Simone; Rappold, Gudrun Anna] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Human Mol Genet, Heidelberg, Germany. [Schratt, Gerhard; Rappold, Gudrun Anna] Univ Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Ctr Neurosci, Heidelberg, Germany. [Tang, Wannan; Trevino, Mario; Obenhaus, Horst Andreas; Sprengel, Rolf] Max Planck Inst Med Res, Dept Mol Neurobiol, Heidelberg, Germany. [Vogt, Miriam; Gass, Peter] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Cent Inst Mental Hlth, D-6800 Mannheim, Germany. [Scherer, Stephen Wayne] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Toronto, ON M5G, Canada. [Scherer, Stephen Wayne] Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON M5G, Canada. [Scherer, Stephen Wayne] Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Scherer, Stephen Wayne] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Schratt, Gerhard] Univ Marburg, Inst Physiol Chem, Marburg, Germany. RP Rappold, GA (reprint author), Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM gudrun.rappold@med.uni-heidelberg.de RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999 FU Nikon Imaging Center Heidelberg; CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence [EXC81]; Max Planck Fellowship; GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR; Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany via the German Mental Retardation Network (BMBF/NGFNplus) [01GS08168]; Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft [DFG SFB488, SFB636/A4, GA427/8, SFB488/B8] FX We gratefully thank Christine Fischer for help with the statistical analysis, Tatjana Wuest for technical support, Slavil Peykov for cloning the rShank2 construct and Madeline Bucher for help with the animal experiments. We also thank Hilmar Bading for comments and Carlo Sala and Paul F. Worley for providing us the Shank1 and Shank3 expression constructs and the Nikon Imaging Center Heidelberg for support. We also thank P. H. Seeburg for generous support.S.B. was funded by a fellowship of CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence (EXC81) and is a member of HBIGS (Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School). M. T. was supported by a Max Planck Fellowship. S. W. S. holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Pathfinder Chair in Genetics and Genomic Biology at The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto. G. A. R. is a member of CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence (EXC81) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences. This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany via the German Mental Retardation Network (BMBF/NGFNplus 01GS08168 to G. A. R.) and by the 'Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft' (DFG SFB488 to G. A. R., SFB636/A4 to R. S., GA427/8 to R. S. and P. G.). Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the DFG (SFB488/B8). 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Mol. Genet. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 344 EP 357 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddr470 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 870GW UT WOS:000298658300009 PM 21994763 ER PT J AU Al-Ayadhi, LY Ben Bacha, AG Kotb, M El-Ansary, AK AF Al-Ayadhi, Laila Y. Ben Bacha, Abir G. Kotb, Malak El-Ansary, Afaf K. TI A novel study on amyloid beta peptide 40, 42 and 40/42 ratio in Saudi autistics SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS LA English DT Article DE Autism; Neurotoxicity; Amyloid beta; Brain influx; Cognitive disability ID PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS; RADICAL OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE BRAIN; PROJECT ICE STORM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CU,ZN-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; LEARN MODEL AB Objectives: We examined whether plasma concentrations of amyloid beta (A beta) as protein derivatives play a central role in the etiology of autistic features. Design and Methods: Concentrations of human A beta (1-42), A beta (1-40), and A beta (40/42) in the plasma of 52 autistic children (aged 3-16 years) and 36 age-matched control subjects were determined by using the ELISA technique and were compared. Results: Compared to control subjects, autistic children exhibited significantly lower concentrations of both A beta (1-40) and A beta (1-42) and lower A beta (40/42) concentration ratio. Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis showed that these measurements of A beta peptides showed high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing autistic children from control subjects. Conclusions: Lower concentrations of A beta (1-42) and A beta (1-40) were attributed to loss of A beta equilibrium between the brain and blood, an imbalance that may lead to failure to draw A beta from the brain and/or impairment of beta-and gamma-secretase's concentration or kinetics as enzymes involving in A beta production. 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Brain Funct. PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 8 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1744-9081-8-4 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 901PC UT WOS:000300978300001 PM 22239861 ER PT J AU Vaags, AK Lionel, AC Sato, D Goodenberger, M Stein, QP Curran, S Ogilvie, C Ahn, JW Drmic, I Senman, L Chrysler, C Thompson, A Russell, C Prasad, A Walker, S Pinto, D Marshall, CR Stavropoulos, DJ Zwaigenbaum, L Fernandez, BA Fombonne, E Bolton, PF Collier, DA Hodge, JC Roberts, W Szatmari, P Scherer, SW AF Vaags, Andrea K. Lionel, Anath C. Sato, Daisuke Goodenberger, McKinsey Stein, Quinn P. Curran, Sarah Ogilvie, Caroline Ahn, Joo Wook Drmic, Irene Senman, Lili Chrysler, Christina Thompson, Ann Russell, Carolyn Prasad, Aparna Walker, Susan Pinto, Dalila Marshall, Christian R. Stavropoulos, Dimitri J. Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie Fernandez, Bridget A. Fombonne, Eric Bolton, Patrick F. Collier, David A. Hodge, Jennelle C. Roberts, Wendy Szatmari, Peter Scherer, Stephen W. TI Rare Deletions at the Neurexin 3 Locus in Autism Spectrum Disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; STRUCTURAL VARIANTS; INCREASE RISK; DE-NOVO; SCHIZOPHRENIA; GENES; MUTATIONS; COMMON AB The three members of the human neurexin gene family, neurexin 1 (NRXN1), neurexin 2 (NRXN2), and neurexin 3 (NRXN3), encode neuronal adhesion proteins that have important roles in synapse development and function. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as in other neurodevelopmental conditions, rare exonic copy-number variants and/or point mutations have been identified in the NRXN1 and NRXN2 loci. We present clinical characterization of four index cases who have been diagnosed with ASD and who possess rare inherited or de novo microdeletions at 14q24.3-31.1, a region that overlaps exons of the alpha and/or beta isoforms of NRXN3. NRXN3 deletions were found in one father with subclinical autism and in a carrier mother and father without formal ASD diagnoses, indicating issues of penetrance and expressivity at this locus. Notwithstanding these clinical complexities, this report on ASD-affected individuals who harbor NRXN3 exonic deletions advances the understanding of the genetic etiology of autism, further enabling molecular diagnoses. C1 [Vaags, Andrea K.; Lionel, Anath C.; Sato, Daisuke; Prasad, Aparna; Walker, Susan; Pinto, Dalila; Marshall, Christian R.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Lionel, Anath C.; Scherer, Stephen W.] Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Ctr, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Goodenberger, McKinsey; Hodge, Jennelle C.] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Stein, Quinn P.] Univ S Dakota, Sanford Sch Med, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. [Curran, Sarah; Bolton, Patrick F.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England. [Curran, Sarah; Bolton, Patrick F.; Collier, David A.] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, MRC, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, London SE5 8AF, England. [Ogilvie, Caroline; Ahn, Joo Wook] Guys Hosp, Cytogenet Lab, London SE1 9RT, England. [Ogilvie, Caroline; Ahn, Joo Wook] Kings Coll London, London SE1 9RT, England. [Drmic, Irene; Senman, Lili; Roberts, Wendy] Hosp Sick Children, Autism Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Chrysler, Christina; Thompson, Ann; Russell, Carolyn; Szatmari, Peter] McMaster Univ, Offord Ctr Child Studies, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. [Stavropoulos, Dimitri J.] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pediat Lab Med, Cytogenet Lab, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada. [Fernandez, Bridget A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Discipline Med, St John, NF A1B 3V6, Canada. [Fernandez, Bridget A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Discipline Genet, St John, NF A1B 3V6, Canada. [Fombonne, Eric] Montreal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. [Fombonne, Eric] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3Z 1P2, Canada. [Roberts, Wendy] Univ Toronto, Bloorview Res Inst, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada. RP Scherer, SW (reprint author), Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Appl Genom, Program Genet & Genome Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. EM stephen.scherer@sickkids.ca RI Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Bolton, Patrick/E-8501-2010 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Bolton, Patrick/0000-0002-5270-6262 FU The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genome Canada; Ontario Genomics Institute; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; McLaughlin Centre; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Autism Speaks; NeuroDevNet; Hospital for Sick Children Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Education and Training FX We thank the WTCCC and the SAGE (Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment) consortium and A. Fiebig, A. Franke, and S. Schreiber at PopGen (University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany) and A. Stewart, R. McPherson, and R. Roberts of the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada), for providing control data. This work was supported by The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the McLaughlin Centre, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Autism Speaks, NeuroDevNet, and the Hospital for Sick Children Foundation. A.C.L. holds an Ontario graduate scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training and a NeuroDevNet doctoral fellowship. S.W.S. holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR chair in Genome Sciences at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. 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J. Hum. Genet. PD JAN 13 PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.025 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 880LR UT WOS:000299409100014 PM 22209245 ER PT J AU Mercier, F Kwon, YC Douet, V AF Mercier, Frederic Kwon, Youngsu Cho Douet, Vanessa TI Hippocampus/amygdala alterations, loss of heparan sulfates, fractones and ventricle wall reduction in adult BTBR T plus tf/J mice, animal model for autism SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Amygdala; Autism; Choroid plexus; Heparan sulfate proteoglycans; Hippocampus; Meninges ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; AMYGDALA; HYPOTHESIS; PHENOTYPES; RECEPTOR; STRAINS; NETWORK; BINDING AB Multiple studies converge to implicate alterations of the hippocampus and amygdala in the pathology of autism. We have previously reported anatomical alterations of the meninges, vasculature and fractones, the specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) of the subventricular zone, in the forebrain of adult BTBRT+ tf/J mice, animal model for autism. Here, we used bisbenzidine cell nucleus staining and dual immunofluorescence histochemistry for laminin and N-sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (NS-HSPG) to examine a series of brain sections containing the amygdala and hippocampus in the adult BTBR T+ tf/j mouse. We observed an excessive separation of the two hippocampi, a modified trajectory of the meninges leading to a shrunken choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle, a shorter granular layer of the dentate gyrus, and a reduced size of the amygdala nuclei. The lateral ventricle near the amygdala, and the third ventricle were shrunken. The number and size of fractones, and their immunoreactivity for NS-HSPG, were reduced throughout the third and lateral ventricles walls. Enlarged blood vessels were found at the endopiriform cortex/amygdala interface. These results show anatomical alterations of the hippocampal/amygdala that are associated with defects of the choroid plexus/ventricular system and the ECM in the BTBR T+ TF/J mouse. Similar alterations of the hippocampus/amygdala axis in humans with autism to these observed in BTBR T+ tf/J mice make this animal model highly valuable for the study of autism. Moreover, the meningo/vascular and ECM alterations in BTBRT+ Tf/J mice suggest a possible role of the brain connective tissue in autism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mercier, Frederic; Kwon, Youngsu Cho; Douet, Vanessa] Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Trop Med Med Microbiol & Pharmacol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Mercier, F (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Trop Med Med Microbiol & Pharmacol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM fmercier@pbrc.hawaii.edu FU NIH RCMI [5G12/A103061]; RRNIH [R21 NS057675-01]; NSF [DUE-0634624] FX We thank Drs. Robert and Caroline Blanchard, University of Hawaii, for giving us BTBR+ tf/J and B6 mice. We also thank Dr. Tom Humphreys and Corrina Carnes for proofreading this manuscript. This work was supported by NIH RCMI 5G12/A103061, RRNIH R21 NS057675-01 and NSF DUE-0634624, UBM-Institutional: Research Experiences in Mathematical Biology (Principal Investigator: Les Wilson). 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A genetic connection between FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 has been demonstrated in vitro, but not in vivo. Here we show that Cntnap2 mRNA levels significantly increased in the cerebellum of Foxp2(R552H) KI pups, although the cerebellar population of Foxp2-positive Purkinje cells was very small. Furthermore, Cntnap2 immunofluorescence did not decrease in the poorly developed Purkinje cells of Foxp2(R552H) KI pups, although synaptophysin immunofluorescence decreased. Cntnap2 and CtBP were ubiquitously expressed, while Foxp2 co-localized with CtBP only in Purkinje cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that Foxp2 may regulate ultrasonic vocalization by associating with CtBP in Purkinje cells; Cntnap2 may be a target of this co-repressor. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fujita, Eriko; Tanabe, Yuko; Momoi, Takashi] Int Univ Hlth & Welf, Ctr Med Sci, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan. [Fujita, Eriko; Momoi, Mariko Y.] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Pediat, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. RP Momoi, T (reprint author), Int Univ Hlth & Welf, Ctr Med Sci, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan. EM momoi@iuhw.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [21200011, 21700377]; Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan [10103243] FX This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (21200011, 21700377); Grants-in-Aid for Health Labour Scientific Research of the Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (10103243). 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In human males, we show that variation in fetal testosterone (FT) predicts later local gray matter volume of specific brain regions in a direction that is congruent with sexual dimorphism observed in a large independent sample of age-matched males and females from the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository. Right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (RTPJ/pSTS), planum temporale/parietal operculum (PT/PO), and posterior lateral orbitofrontal cortex (plOFC) had local gray matter volume that was both sexually dimorphic and predicted in a congruent direction by FT. That is, gray matter volume in RTPJ/pSTS was greater for males compared to females and was positively predicted by FT. Conversely, gray matter volume in PT/PO and plOFC was greater in females compared to males and was negatively predicted by FT. Subregions of both amygdala and hypothalamus were also sexually dimorphic in the direction of Male > Female, but were not predicted by FT. However, FT positively predicted gray matter volume of a non-sexually dimorphic subregion of the amygdala. These results bridge a long-standing gap between human and nonhuman species by showing that FT acts as an organizing mechanism for the development of regional sexual dimorphism in the human brain. C1 [Lombardo, Michael V.; Ashwin, Emma; Auyeung, Bonnie; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Baron-Cohen, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. [Ashwin, Emma] Univ Bath, Dept Psychol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Chakrabarti, Bhismadev] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol & Clin Language Sci, Ctr Integrat Neurosci & Neurodynam, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. [Taylor, Kevin] Addenbrookes Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England. [Hackett, Gerald] Rosie Matern Hosp, Dept Fetal Med, Cambridge CB2 0SW, England. [Bullmore, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England. RP Lombardo, MV (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Douglas House,18B Trumpington Rd, Cambridge CB2 8AH, England. EM ml437@cam.ac.uk; sb205@cam.ac.uk RI Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283 FU Wellcome Trust; MRC; NIHR CLAHRC for Cambridgeshire; Peterborough Foundation National Health Services Trust; Jesus College; Darwin College; Wolfson College; Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [N01-HD02-3343, N01-MH9-0002, N01-NS-9-2314, N01-NS-9-2315, N01-NS-9-2316, N01-NS-9-2317, N01-NS-9-2318, N01-NS-9-2319, N01-NS-9-2320] FX This work was supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust and the MRC (to S.B.-C. and E.T.B.) and was conducted in association with the NIHR CLAHRC for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation National Health Services Trust. M.V.L., B.C., and B.A. were supported by Research Fellowships from Jesus, Darwin, and Wolfson Colleges, respectively. FT assays were made possible by a grant to S.B.-C. from the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation. We thank John Suckling, Meng-Chuan Lai, Amber Ruigrok, and Rebecca Knickmeyer for valuable comments and discussions. We also thank the families who have taken part in this longitudinal study. Finally, we thank the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository created by the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development. This is a multisite, longitudinal study of typically developing children, from newborns to young adults, conducted by the Brain Development Cooperative Group and supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Contract numbers N01-HD02-3343, N01-MH9-0002, and N01-NS-9-2314, -2315, -2316, -2317, -2319, and -2320). A listing of the participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://nihpd.crbs.ucsd.edu/nihpd/info/participating_centers.html. 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Neurosci. PD JAN 11 PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 674 EP 680 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4389-11.2012 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 876QE UT WOS:000299121800029 PM 22238103 ER PT J AU Wang, J Zhou, X Xia, W Sun, CH Wu, LJ Wang, JL Tomoda, A AF Wang, Jia Zhou, Xue Xia, Wei Sun, Cai-Hong Wu, Li-Jie Wang, Jian-Li Tomoda, Akemi TI Parent-reported health care expenditures associated with autism spectrum disorders in Heilongjiang province, China SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE health care expenditure; autism spectrum disorders; family disease burden ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; COSTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPACT AB Background: The aim of this study was to determine the health expenses incurred by families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those expenses' relation to total household income and expenditures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, health care expenditure data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Expenses included annual costs for clinic visits, medication, behavioral therapy, transportation, and accommodations. Health care costs as a percentage of total household income and expenditures were also determined. The participants included 290 families with ASD children who were treated at the Children Development and Behavior Research Center, Harbin Medical University, China. Results: Families with ASD children from urban and rural areas had higher per-capita household expenditures by 60.8% and 74.7%, respectively, compared with provincial statistics for 2007. Behavioral therapy accounted for the largest proportion of health expenses (54.3%) for ASD children. In 19.9% of urban and 38.2% of rural families, health care costs exceeded the total annual household income. Most families (89.3% of urban families; 88.1% of rural families) in that province reported higher health care expenditures than the provincial household average. Conclusion: For families with ASD children, the economic burden of health care is substantially higher than the provincial average. C1 [Wang, Jia; Zhou, Xue; Xia, Wei; Sun, Cai-Hong; Wu, Li-Jie] Harbin Med Coll, Dept Childrens & Adolescent Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jian-Li] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Wang, Jian-Li] Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Tomoda, Akemi] Kumamoto Univ, Dept Child Dev, Fac Life Sci, Kumamoto 8608566, Japan. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), Harbin Med Coll, Dept Childrens & Adolescent Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, 157 Baojian Rd, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China. EM wljhyd@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771817] FX We thank all the patients and their parents for their support and participation. We also thank the personnel at the Children Development and Behavior Research Center of Harbin Medical University for their help in data collection. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771817). 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Res. PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 7 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-12-7 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 889GA UT WOS:000300060400001 PM 22230043 ER PT J AU Howland, JG Cazakoff, BN Zhang, Y AF Howland, J. G. Cazakoff, B. N. Zhang, Y. TI ALTERED OBJECT-IN-PLACE RECOGNITION MEMORY, PREPULSE INHIBITION, AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN THE OFFSPRING OF RATS EXPOSED TO A VIRAL MIMETIC DURING PREGNANCY SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE startle; MK-801; schizophrenia; autism; prefrontal; cortex; Polyl:C ID PRENATAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL ANIMAL-MODEL; SENSORIMOTOR GATING DEFICITS; DISRUPTED LATENT INHIBITION; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES; DOPAMINERGIC HYPERFUNCTION; PHARMACOLOGICAL CHANGES; VENTRAL HIPPOCAMPUS AB Infection during pregnancy (i.e., prenatal infection) increases the risk of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and autism in the adult offspring. The present experiments examined the effects of prenatal immune challenge on behavior in three paradigms relevant to these disorders: prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, locomotor responses to an unfamiliar environment and the Nmethyl-o-aspartate antagonist MK-801, and three forms of recognition memory. Pregnant Long Evans rats were exposed to the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Polyl:C; 4 mg/kg, i.v.) on gestational day 15. Offspring were tested for PPI and locomotor activity before puberty (postnatal days (PND5)35 and 36) and during young adulthood (PNDs 56 and 57). Four prepulse-pulse intervals (30, 50, 80, and 140 ms) were employed in the PPI test. Recognition memory testing was performed using three different spontaneous novelty recognition tests (object, object location, and objectin-place recognition) after PND 60. Regardless of sex, offspring of Polyl:C-treated dams showed disrupted PPI at 50-, 80-, and 140-ms prepulse-pulse intervals. In the prepubescent rats, we observed prepulse facilitation for the 30-ms prepulse-pulse interval trials that was selectively retained in the adult Polyl:C-treated offspring. Locomotor responses to MK-801 were significantly reduced before puberty, whereas responses to an unfamiliar environment were increased in young adulthood. Both male and female Polyl:C-treated offspring showed intact object and object location recognition memory, whereas male Polyl:C-treated offspring displayed significantly impaired object-in-place recognition memory. Females were unable to perform the object-in-place test. The present results demonstrate that prenatal immune challenge during mid/late gestation disrupts PPI and locomotor behavior. In addition, the selective impairment of object-in-place recognition memory suggests tasks that depend on prefrontal cortex may be particularly vulnerable following prenatal immune challenge. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Howland, J. G.; Cazakoff, B. N.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Physiol, Neural Syst & Plast Res Grp, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Zhang, Y.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Psychol, Neural Syst & Plast Res Grp, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Howland, JG (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Physiol, Neural Syst & Plast Res Grp, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. EM john.howland@usask.ca FU National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation; University of Saskatchewan Molstad Trust FX The present work was supported by a Young Investigator Award from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation New Investigator Award, and University of Saskatchewan Molstad Trust Intramural Research Award to J.G.H. B. N. C. is the recipient of a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Scholarship. We would like to thank Chester Thai and Quentin Greba for technical assistance with these experiments. 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Strzelecki, J. Balter, A. Nowak, W. TI Nanomechanical unfolding of alpha-neurexin: A major component of the synaptic junction SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; PROTEINS; REVEALS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; NEUROLIGINS; DISRUPTION; AUTISM AB Neurexins are proteins involved in synapse signaling. Understanding molecular recognition in neurons requires a knowledge of neurexin elasticity at a single molecule level. We apply, for the first time, AFM force spectroscopy to reveal mechanical properties of rat neurexin 1 alpha (NRXN1 alpha). Spectra indicate a flexible hinge. The first event in the unfolding pathway is a change of neurexin shape accompanied by EGF-like E3 domain unfolding. This requires low forces on the order of 50 pN. The other LNS/LG domains require forces of 100 pN to be unfolded. The unfolding of core modules (L1-E1-L2) and (L3-E2-L4) is a two stage process. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mikulska, K.; Strzelecki, J.; Balter, A.; Nowak, W.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Nowak, W (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM wiesiek@fizyka.umk.pl RI Balter, Aleksander/I-1292-2012; Strzelecki, Janusz/N-3214-2013 OI Balter, Aleksander/0000-0003-4963-7822; Strzelecki, Janusz/0000-0002-7830-7315 FU Polish Ministry of Education and Science [N202 262038]; Marszalek of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship; Nicolaus Copernicus University [408-F] FX This work was supported by by grant no. N202 262038 from the Polish Ministry of Education and Science (W.N., J.S., K. M.), Grant 'Krok w przyszlosc' from Marszalek of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship (J.S., K. M.) and the Nicolaus Copernicus University Grant No. 408-F (K.M.). 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Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2012 VL 521 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.11.033 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 874OE UT WOS:000298967100028 ER PT J AU Jyonouchi, H Geng, L Streck, DL Toruner, GA AF Jyonouchi, Harumi Geng, Lee Streck, Deanna L. Toruner, Gokce A. TI Immunological characterization and transcription profiling of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD): case study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders (ASD); cytokine; innate immunity; transcription profiling; monocytes; specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD) ID INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; NOTCH; RECEPTOR; DIFFERENTIATION; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; AUTOIMMUNE; RESPONSES; INSIGHTS; DISEASE AB Introduction: There exists a small subset of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) characterized by fluctuating behavioral symptoms and cognitive skills following immune insults. Some of these children also exhibit specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD), resulting in frequent infection caused by encapsulated organisms, and they often require supplemental intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (ASD/SPAD). This study assessed whether these ASD/SPAD children have distinct immunological findings in comparison with ASD/non-SPAD or non-ASD/SPAD children. Case description: We describe 8 ASD/SPAD children with worsening behavioral symptoms/cognitive skills that are triggered by immune insults. These ASD/SPAD children exhibited delayed type food allergy (5/8), treatment-resistant seizure disorders (4/8), and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (5/8) at high frequencies. Control subjects included ASD children without SPAD (N = 39), normal controls (N = 37), and non-ASD children with SPAD (N = 12). Discussion and Evaluation: We assessed their innate and adaptive immune responses, by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory and counter-regulatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in responses to agonists of toll like receptors (TLR), stimuli of innate immunity, and T cell stimulants. Transcription profiling of PB monocytes was also assessed. ASD/SPAD PBMCs produced less proinflammatory cytokines with agonists of TLR7/8 (IL-6, IL-23), TLR2/6 (IL-6), TLR4 (IL-12p40), and without stimuli (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) than normal controls. In addition, cytokine production of ASD/SPAD PBMCs in response to T cell mitogens (IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-12p40) and candida antigen (Ag) (IL-10, IL-12p40) were less than normal controls. ASD/non-SPAD PBMDs revealed similar results as normal controls, while non-ASD/SPAD PBMCs revealed lower production of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-23 with a TLR4 agonist. Only common features observed between ASD/SPAD and non-ASD/SPAD children is lower IL-10 production in the absence of stimuli. Transcription profiling of PB monocytes revealed over a 2-fold up (830 and 1250) and down (653 and 1235) regulation of genes in ASD/SPAD children, as compared to normal (N = 26) and ASD/non-SPAD (N = 29) controls, respectively. Enriched gene expression of TGFBR (p < 0.005), Notch (p < 0.01), and EGFR1 (p < 0.02) pathways was found in the ASD/SPAD monocytes as compared to ASD/non-SPAD controls. Conclusions: The Immunological findings in the ASD/SPAD children who exhibit fluctuating behavioral symptoms and cognitive skills cannot be solely attributed to SPAD. Instead, these findings may be more specific for ASD/SPAD children with the above-described clinical characteristics, indicating a possible role of these immune abnormalities in their neuropsychiatric symptoms. C1 [Jyonouchi, Harumi; Geng, Lee] UMDN NJMS, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Jyonouchi, Harumi; Streck, Deanna L.; Toruner, Gokce A.] UMDNJ NJMS, Inst Genom Med, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. RP Jyonouchi, H (reprint author), UMDN NJMS, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM jyanouha@umdnj.edu FU Jonty Foundation, St. Paul, MN; Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA FX The authors thank all the study subjects and parents for donating blood samples. This study was partly supported by a grant from Jonty Foundation, St. Paul, MN and Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA. Authors are also thankful for Dr. L. Huguienin for critically reviewing this manuscript. 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TI Misdirection - past, present, and the future SO FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE misdirection; magic; attention; awareness ID INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS; ATTENTIONAL MISDIRECTION; COVERT ATTENTION; EYE GAZE; AREA V4; MODULATION; MECHANISMS; AUTISM; GAP; MT AB Misdirection refers to the magician's ability to manipulate people's attention, thoughts, and memory. It has been argued that some of the techniques used by magicians to orchestrate people's attention and awareness may provide valuable insights into human cognition. In this paper we review the scientific, as well as some of the magic literature on misdirection. We focus on four main points: (1) the magician's concept of misdirection, (2) the paradigms used to study misdirection scientifically, (3) review of the current scientific findings, and (4) future directions. C1 [Kuhn, Gustav] Brunel Univ, Dept Psychol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Martinez, Luis M.] Univ Miguel Hernandez, CSIC, Inst Neurociencias Alicante, Sant Joan dAlacant 03550, Spain. RP Kuhn, G (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Dept Psychol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM gustav.kuhn@brunel.ac.uk; l.martinez@umh.es RI Kuhn, Gustav/A-9155-2013 OI Kuhn, Gustav/0000-0003-2888-914X FU European Regional Development Fund [CSD2007-00023]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [BFU2007-67834, BFU2010-22220] FX Work in the laboratory of Luis M. Martinez is supported by grants CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00023 (European Regional Development Fund) and BFU2007-67834 and BFU2010-22220 (Spanish Ministry of Education and Science). 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PD JAN 6 PY 2012 VL 5 AR 172 DI 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00172 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 882JW UT WOS:000299560900001 ER PT J AU Geretsegger, M Holck, U Gold, C AF Geretsegger, Monika Holck, Ulla Gold, Christian TI Randomised controlled trial of improvisational music therapy's effectiveness for children with autism spectrum disorders (TIME-A): study protocol SO BMC PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; JOINT ATTENTION; COMMUNICATION; RESPONSIVENESS; BEHAVIORS; TRAITS AB Background: Previous research has suggested that music therapy may facilitate skills in areas typically affected by autism spectrum disorders such as social interaction and communication. However, generalisability of previous findings has been restricted, as studies were limited in either methodological accuracy or the clinical relevance of their approach. The aim of this study is to determine effects of improvisational music therapy on social communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorders. An additional aim of the study is to examine if variation in dose of treatment (i.e., number of music therapy sessions per week) affects outcome of therapy, and to determine cost-effectiveness. Methods/Design: Children aged between 4; 0 and 6; 11 years who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Parents of all participants will receive three sessions of parent counselling (at 0, 2, and 5 months). In addition, children randomised to the two intervention groups will be offered individual, improvisational music therapy over a period of five months, either one session (low-intensity) or three sessions (high-intensity) per week. Generalised effects of music therapy will be measured using standardised scales completed by blinded assessors (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS) and parents (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) before and 2, 5, and 12 months after randomisation. Cost effectiveness will be calculated as man years. A group sequential design with first interim look at N = 235 will ensure both power and efficiency. Discussion: Responding to the need for more rigorously designed trials examining the effectiveness of music therapy in autism spectrum disorders, this pragmatic trial sets out to generate findings that will be well generalisable to clinical practice. Addressing the issue of dose variation, this study's results will also provide information on the relevance of session frequency for therapy outcome. C1 [Gold, Christian] Grieg Acad Mus Therapy Res Ctr GAMUT, Bergen, Norway. [Geretsegger, Monika; Holck, Ulla] Univ Aalborg, Fac Humanities, Dept Commun & Psychol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Geretsegger, Monika] Univ Vienna, Fac Psychol, Dept Appl Psychol Hlth Dev Enhancement & Interven, Vienna, Austria. RP Gold, C (reprint author), Grieg Acad Mus Therapy Res Ctr GAMUT, Bergen, Norway. EM christian.gold@grieg.uib.no FU Research Council of Norway [213982]; Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway FX This trial is funded by The Research Council of Norway, programmes Clinical Research and Mental Health (Research Council of Norway project number 213982). The development of this study protocol was supported by the Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (MG, UH); the Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (MG); and the Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway (CG). The funding sources had no role in the study design; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. CR Aldred C, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P1420, DOI 10.1111/j1469-7610.2004.00338.x Alvin J., 1978, MUSIC THERAPY AUTIST American Psychiatric Association, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Bruscia K. 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Garza Brattico, Elvira Vase, Lene Ostergaard, Leif Vuust, Peter TI Superior Analgesic Effect of an Active Distraction versus Pleasant Unfamiliar Sounds and Music: The Influence of Emotion and Cognitive Style SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PAIN PERCEPTION; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; THERMAL PAIN; MODULATION; ATTENTION; AUTISM; RESPONSES; STIMULI; VALENCE; HUMANS AB Listening to music has been found to reduce acute and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood; however, emotion and cognitive mechanisms have been suggested to influence the analgesic effect of music. In this study we investigated the influence of familiarity, emotional and cognitive features, and cognitive style on music-induced analgesia. Forty-eight healthy participants were divided into three groups (empathizers, systemizers and balanced) and received acute pain induced by heat while listening to different sounds. Participants listened to unfamiliar Mozart music rated with high valence and low arousal, unfamiliar environmental sounds with similar valence and arousal as the music, an active distraction task (mental arithmetic) and a control, and rated the pain. Data showed that the active distraction led to significantly less pain than did the music or sounds. Both unfamiliar music and sounds reduced pain significantly when compared to the control condition; however, music was no more effective than sound to reduce pain. Furthermore, we found correlations between pain and emotion ratings. Finally, systemizers reported less pain during the mental arithmetic compared with the other two groups. These findings suggest that familiarity may be key in the influence of the cognitive and emotional mechanisms of music-induced analgesia, and that cognitive styles may influence pain perception. C1 [Villarreal, Eduardo A. Garza; Vase, Lene; Ostergaard, Leif; Vuust, Peter] Univ Aarhus, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Villarreal, Eduardo A. Garza; Vuust, Peter] Royal Acad Mus, Aarhus, Denmark. [Villarreal, Eduardo A. Garza; Vuust, Peter] Royal Acad Mus, Aalborg, Denmark. [Vase, Lene] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Danish Pain Res Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Vase, Lene] Univ Aarhus, Dept Psychol, Aarhus, Denmark. [Brattico, Elvira] Univ Jyvaskyla, Ctr Excellence Interdisciplinary Music Res, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Brattico, Elvira] Univ Helsinki, Inst Behav Sci, Cognit Brain Res Unit, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Ostergaard, Leif] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Neuroradiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Villarreal, EAG (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci, Aarhus, Denmark. EM eduardoa@cfin.dk RI Ostergaard, Leif/A-9281-2008; Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo/A-7879-2008 OI Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo/0000-0003-1381-8648 FU Danish Basic Research Foundation; Ulla and Mogens Folmer Andersden Foundation; Funding for Research in Neurology; Academy of Finland [133673]; Augustinus Fonden; Grosserer L.F. Foghts Fond FX This study was financially supported by the Danish Basic Research Foundation, Ulla and Mogens Folmer Andersden Foundation, Funding for Research in Neurology, The Academy of Finland (project number 133673), Augustinus Fonden and Grosserer L.F. Foghts Fond. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 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PD JAN 4 PY 2012 VL 307 IS 1 BP 24 EP 24 DI 10.1001/jama.2011.1908 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 872ET UT WOS:000298792300007 ER PT J AU Guxens, M Sunyer, J AF Guxens, Monica Sunyer, Jordi TI A review of epidemiological studies on neuropsychological effects of air pollution SO SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY LA English DT Review DE environmental pollution; nitrogen dioxide; hydrocarbons, aromatic; cognition; intelligence; behaviour and behaviour mechanisms; inflammation; oxidative stress; antioxidants ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICLE NUMBER CONCENTRATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COAL-BURNING POLLUTANTS; DIESEL-ENGINE EXHAUST; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AB The aim of the present review is to provide an update of the epidemiological evidence of the effects of air pollution on neuropsychological development and impairment, as well as of the evidence on individual susceptibility to these effects. Animal studies have shown deposition of ultrafine particles containing metals in olfactory bulb and frontal cortical and subcortical areas, and overexpression of inflammatory responses, white matter lesions and vascular pathology in these areas that could be the basis for functional and structural brain effects. Several observational studies in the general population have observed cognitive deficits and behavioural impairment in children and the elderly. These effects, however, are not conclusive given the limited number of studies, their small size and their methodological constraints. C1 [Guxens, Monica; Sunyer, Jordi] Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, ES-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Guxens, Monica; Sunyer, Jordi] Hosp del Mar, Res Inst IMIM, Barcelona, Spain. [Guxens, Monica; Sunyer, Jordi] CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain. [Sunyer, Jordi] Pompeu Fabra Univ, Barcelona, Spain. RP Guxens, M (reprint author), Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, ES-08003 Barcelona, Spain. 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Wkly. PD JAN 3 PY 2012 VL 141 AR w13322 DI 10.4414/smw.2011.13322 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 891SR UT WOS:000300237400002 PM 22252905 ER PT J AU Francozo, MD Segeren, L AF Francozo, Maria de Fatima Segeren, Leticia TI Mothers' Views on the Difficulties of Raising Youngsters with Autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Francozo, Maria de Fatima; Segeren, Leticia] Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV ALBERTA, INT INST QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY PI EDMONTON PA 5-217, EDMONTON CLINIC HEALTH ACAD, 11405 87 AVENUE, EDMONTON, AB T6G 1C9, CANADA SN 1609-4069 J9 INT J QUAL METH JI Int. J. Qual. Meth. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 5 BP 864 EP 864 PG 1 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 211UP UT WOS:000323937100249 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AKD Simard-Meilleur, AA Berthiaume, C Godbout, R Mottron, L AF Nguyen, A. K. D. Simard-Meilleur, A. A. Berthiaume, C. Godbout, R. Mottron, L. TI Head Circumference in Canadian Male Adults: Development of a Normalized Chart SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Head circumference; Reference chart; Height; Weight; Adults ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; BRAIN-WEIGHT; AUTISM; CHILDREN; DISORDERS; GROWTH; BIRTH; AGE; DIAGNOSIS; MORPHOLOGY AB Macrocephaly has been reported as one of the few physiological markers of several syndromes which are identified during childhood. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated whether macrocephaly persists in adults in these conditions, due to an absence of up-to-date reference charts constructed for typically developing adults. Available adult head circumference reference charts either don't measure individuals beyond 21 years of age, are outdated, mostly use homogeneous samples and most importantly do not account for the individual's height and weight at the same time. Two hundred twenty-one male adults were recruited in a large urban community. For each participant, height, weight and head circumference were measured. A significant positive relationship was found between head circumference and height (r=0.379) as well as between head circumference and weight (r=0.391) and a weaker positive correlation with bodymass index (r=0.213). Charts to determine the level of head circumference abnormalities in adulthood are provided, along with a calculation formula for head circumference based on height and weight. The findings indicate the necessity of taking height and weight into account when measuring head circumference in adults. C1 [Nguyen, A. K. D.; Simard-Meilleur, A. A.; Godbout, R.; Mottron, L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Simard-Meilleur, A. A.; Berthiaume, C.; Godbout, R.; Mottron, L.] Hop Riviere des Prairies Montreal, Clin Specialisee Autisme, Montreal, PQ, Canada. 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J. Morphol. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1474 EP 1480 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 151TX UT WOS:000319484200033 ER PT J AU Avdjieva-Tzavella, D Mihailova, S Lukanov, C Naumova, E Simeonov, E Tincheva, R Toncheva, D AF Avdjieva-Tzavella, D. Mihailova, S. Lukanov, C. Naumova, E. Simeonov, E. Tincheva, R. Toncheva, D. TI MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MUTATIONS IN TWO BULGARIAN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO BALKAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); Genetic testing; Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations ID DYSFUNCTION; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown origin that manifests in early childhood. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) refer to a broader group of neurobiological conditions, pervasive developmental disorders. Despite several arguments for a strong genetic contribution, the molecular basis in most cases remains unexplained. Several studies have reported an association between ASDs and mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule. In order to confirm these causative relationship, we screened 21 individuals with idiopathic ASDs for a number of the most common mtDNA mutations. We identified two patients with candidate mutations: m. 6852G>A that produces an amino acid change of glycine to serine in the MT-CO1 gene and m.8033A>G (Ile -> Val) in the MT-CO2 gene. Overall, these findings support the notion that mitochondrial mutations are associated with ASDs. Additional studies are needed to further define the role of mitochondrial defects in the pathogenesis of autism. C1 [Avdjieva-Tzavella, D.; Tincheva, R.] Univ Pediat Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Sofia 1606, Bulgaria. [Mihailova, S.; Lukanov, C.; Naumova, E.] Univ Hosp Alexandovska, Dept Clin Immunol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Simeonov, E.] Univ Hosp Alexandovska, Pediat Clin, Sofia, Bulgaria. 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Wijsman, E. M. TI Identification of Rare Variants from Exome Sequence in a Large Pedigree with Autism SO HUMAN HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Imputation; Inheritance vector; Linkage analysis; Haplotype; MCMC ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FAMILIAL ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; EXTENDED PEDIGREE; MUTATIONS; MARKERS; LOCI; SCAN; POLYMORPHISMS AB We carried out analyses with the goal of identifying rare variants in exome sequence data that contribute to disease risk for a complex trait. We analyzed a large, 47-member, multi-generational pedigree with 11 cases of autism spectrum disorder, using genotypes from 3 technologies representing increasing resolution: a multiallelic linkage marker panel, a dense diallelic marker panel, and variants from exome sequencing. Genome-scan marker genotypes were available on most subjects, and exome sequence data was available on 5 subjects. We used genome-scan linkage analysis to identify and prioritize the chromosome 22 region of interest, and to select subjects for exome sequencing. Inheritance vectors (IVs) generated by Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of multilocus marker data were the foundation of most analyses. Genotype imputation used IVs to determine which sequence variants reside on the haplotype that co-segregates with the autism diagnosis. Together with a rare-allele frequency filter, we identified only one rare variant on the risk haplotype, illustrating the potential of this approach to prioritize variants. The associated gene, MYH9, is biologically unlikely, and we speculate that for this complex trait, the key variants may lie outside the exome. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Marchani, E. E.; Chapman, N. H.; Wijsman, E. M.] Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cheung, C. Y. K.; Wijsman, E. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ankenman, K.; Bernier, R.; Brkanac, Z.] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stanaway, I. B.; Nickerson, D.; Wijsman, E. M.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Coon, H. H.] Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Wijsman, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 359460, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Wijsman@u.washington.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM046255, MH094293, MH094400, HD055782, MH092367, HG005608, AG040184] FX This study was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, grants GM046255, MH094293, MH094400, HD055782, MH092367, HG005608, and AG040184. 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A common strategy is to focus on biological hypotheses derived from sources of functional evidence ranging from the nucleotide to the biochemical process level. The accelerated development of biotechnology has led to numerous sources of functional evidence in the form of public databases and tools. Here, we review current methods and tools for integrating genomic data, particularly from the public domain, into genetic studies of human disease. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Saccone, SF (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. 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Rev. Neurobiol. PY 2012 VL 103 BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-388408-4.00007-1 PG 24 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Neurosciences SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BEL00 UT WOS:000317146900008 PM 23195124 ER PT J AU Marmolejo, N Paez, J Levitt, JB Jones, LB AF Marmolejo, Naydu Paez, Jesse Levitt, Jonathan B. Jones, Liesl B. TI Early Postnatal Lesion of the Medial Dorsal Nucleus Leads to Loss of Dendrites and Spines in Adult Prefrontal Cortex SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Schizophrenia; Calcium; Animal model; Dendrite; Prefrontal cortex ID MEDIODORSAL THALAMIC NUCLEUS; CA1 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; PROTEIN-KINASE-II; WORKING-MEMORY; NETWORK DEVELOPMENT; NEURITE-OUTGROWTH; PRELIMBIC CORTEX; APICAL DENDRITES; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CA2+ CHANNELS AB Research suggests that the medial dorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus influences pyramidal cell development in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an activity-dependent manner. The MD is reciprocally connected to the PFC. Many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, affect the PFC, and one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia is a decrease in volume and neuronal number in the MD. Therefore, understanding the role the MD plays in the development of the PFC is important and may help in understanding the progression of psychiatric disorders that have their root in development. Focusing on the interplay between the MD and the PFC, this study examined the hypothesis that the MD plays a role in the dendritic development of pyramidal cells in the PFC. Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the MD in Long-Evans rat pups were made on postnatal day 4 (P4), and the animals developed to P60. We then examined dendritic morphology by examining MAP2 immunostaining and by using Golgi techniques to determine basilar dendrite number and spine density. Additionally, we examined pyramidal cell density in cingulate area 1 (Cg1), prelimbic region, and dorsolateral anterior cortex, which receive afferents from the MD. Thalamic lesions caused a mean MD volume decrease of 12.4% which led to a significant decrease in MAP2 staining in both superficial and deep layers in all 3 cortical areas. The lesions also caused a significant decrease in spine density and in the number of primary and secondary basilar dendrites on superficial and deep layer pyramidal neurons in all 3 regions. No significant difference was observed in pyramidal cell density in any of the regions or layers, but a nonsignificant increase in cell density was observed in 2 regions. Our data are thus consistent with the hypothesis that the MD plays a role in the development of the PFC and, therefore, may be a good model to begin to examine neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Marmolejo, Naydu; Paez, Jesse; Jones, Liesl B.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY USA. [Levitt, Jonathan B.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Biol J526, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Marmolejo, Naydu; Levitt, Jonathan B.; Jones, Liesl B.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Jones, LB (reprint author), CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 250 Bedford Pk Blvd, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. EM liesl.jones@lehman.cuny.edu FU Shuster Foundation; NIH RCMI [G12RR-03060] FX We would like to thank Meghan Galligan for her time and effort on the project. The work was supported by a grant from the Shuster Foundation and by NIH RCMI G12RR-03060. 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Rev. Res. Dev. Disabil. PY 2012 VL 42 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-394284-5.00001-2 PG 29 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA BDW90 UT WOS:000315470800002 ER PT S AU Dankner, N Dykens, EM AF Dankner, Nathan Dykens, Elisabeth M. BE Hodapp, RM TI ANXIETY IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES: CHALLENGES AND NEXT STEPS SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 42 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CORTISOL CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MENTAL ILL-HEALTH; DSM-IV DISORDERS; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; YOUNG-PEOPLE; EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE; LONGITUDINAL COURSE AB Anxiety symptoms and disorders are common in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Beyond this general vulnerability, certain syndromes and disorders associated with ID confer increased risk for anxiety. Autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome are two such disorders. This review summarizes studies assessing the prevalence and phenomenology of anxiety in autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome, and discusses the current state of measurement and treatment in regards to anxiety in ID. Overall, studies suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorders and those with Williams syndrome experience greater levels of anxiety relative to both typically developing controls and to individuals with ID of varying etiology, although this anxiety may manifest in different ways. Recent years have seen an influx of measures tailored to assessing anxiety in ID. Although treatment options remain limited, they are growing in number. Next steps for research investigating anxiety in ID are discussed, as are the advantages of phenotypic work in ID for understanding psychopathology in the general population. 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TI Gene-Environment Interactions and Epigenetic Pathways in Autism: The Importance of One-Carbon Metabolism SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder (ASD); choline; DNA methylation; folate; MTHFR; one-carbon metabolism ID GLUTAMATE-CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-II; METHIONINE SYNTHASE REDUCTASE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY CHOLINE SUPPLEMENTATION; GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; BLOOD-CELL FOLATE; RETT-SYNDROME; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE AB Both genetic and epigenetic factors play important roles in the rate and severity of classic autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This review focuses on DNA methylation as a key epigenetic mechanism in autism. The critical role that one-carbon (C-1) metabolism plays in establishing and maintaining DNA methylation patterns makes it a likely candidate pathway to regulate epigenetic processes in ASDs. This review is the first, to our knowledge, to examine how altering C-1 metabolic function through genetic and environmental factors (focusing on diet) may lead to aberrant DNA methylation and increase susceptibility to ASDs. Additionally, the critical time windows for sensitivity to genetic and dietary factors both during the development of cortical networks implicated in ASDs and in regard to potential treatments are discussed. One thing is clear, if C-1 metabolism plays a critical role in ASDs, it provides a potential avenue for treatment and perhaps, ultimately, prevention. C1 [Schaevitz, Laura R.; Berger-Sweeney, Joanne E.] Tufts Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Schaevitz, Laura R.; Berger-Sweeney, Joanne E.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Berger-Sweeney, JE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Ballou Hall 3rd Floor, Medford, MA 02155 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 340 DI 10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.322 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 103WN UT WOS:000315950300009 PM 23744970 ER PT J AU Nedelcu, DG Cancela, MJB AF Gabriela Nedelcu, Dagmar Buceta Cancela, Maria Jose TI The Cognitive Profile of the Children with Asperger's Disorder and High Functioning Autism SO REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE DIAGNOSTICO Y EVALUACION-E AVALIACAO PSICOLOGICA LA Spanish DT Article DE Asperger's Disorder; High Functioning Autism; Cognitive Profile; Wechsler Scale ID SYMPTOM PROFILES; PROCESSING SPEED; ATTENTION AB Introduction. According to the DSM-IV, published in 1994, Asperger's Disorder is considered it's own diagnosis among other Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Objective. This study aims to establish and compare the cognitive profile of Asperger's Disorder and High Functioning Autism diagnoses, in order to help clarify the validity of each diagnosis. Methods. The ex-post facto research design was employed for the study. A total of 20 subjects diagnosed with Asperger's Disorder were compared with 11 subjects with High Functioning Autism. The subjects, all between the ages of 6 and 15, were paired by age, sex, and intelligence level using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Results. It was found that subjects with Asperger's Disorder recorded a higher Verbal IQ, while patients with High Functioning Autism were characterized by a higher performance IQ. Conclusions. The statistical significance of both cognitive profiles obtained question the diagnostic accuracy of Asperger's Disorder. C1 [Gabriela Nedelcu, Dagmar] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Grp Invest, Unidad Atenc Temprana, Fac Psicol,Dept Psicol Evolut & Educ, Santiago Decompostela 15782, Spain. [Buceta Cancela, Maria Jose] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Fac Psicol, Dept Psicol Evolut & Educ, Santiago Decompostela 15782, Spain. 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PY 2012 VL 1 IS 34 BP 103 EP 116 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 100BU UT WOS:000315670800005 ER PT J AU Tachibana, Y Green, J Hwang, Y Emsley, R AF Tachibana, Yoshiyuki Green, Jonathan Hwang, Yeonhee Emsley, Richard TI A systematic review with meta-analysis of comprehensive interventions for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): study protocol SO BMJ OPEN LA English DT Review AB Introduction: The aims of this study are to (1) conduct a systematic review of the intervention literature in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including types of interventions that are tested and the classification of outcome measures used and (2) to undertake a meta-analysis of the studies, allowing for the first time the comparison of different approaches to intervention using comparative outcomes. There are a number of alternative modalities of intervention for preschool children with ASD in use with different theoretical background and orientation, each of which tend to use different trial designs and outcome measures. There is at this time an urgent need for comprehensive systematic review and meta-analyses of intervention studies for preschool children with ASD, covering studies of adequate quality across different intervention types and measurement methods, with a view to identifying the best current evidence for preschool interventions in the disorder. Methods and analysis: The authors will perform a systematic review of randomised controlled trials for preschool children with ASD aged 0-6 years, along with a meta-analysis of qualifying studies across intervention modality. The authors will classify the interventions for preschool children with ASD under three models: behaviour, multimodal developmental and communication focused. First, the authors will perform a systematic review. Then, the authors will conduct a meta-analysis by comparing the three models with various outcomes using an inverse variance method in a random effect model. The authors will synthesise each outcome of the studies for the three models using standardised mean differences. Dissemination and ethics: This study will identify each intervention's strengths and weaknesses. This study may also suggest what kinds of elements future intervention programmes for children with ASD should have. The authors strongly believe those findings will be able to translated into the clinical practices and patients and their family benefits. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42011001349. C1 [Tachibana, Yoshiyuki; Green, Jonathan] Univ Manchester, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Tachibana, Yoshiyuki; Green, Jonathan] Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Tachibana, Yoshiyuki] Tohoku Univ, IDAC, Smart Aging Int Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Hwang, Yeonhee] Tohoku Fukushi Univ, Special Support Educ Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. [Emsley, Richard] Univ Manchester, Dept Biostat, Hlth Methodol Res Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Emsley, Richard] Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Tachibana, Y (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM tatibana@idac.tohoku.ac.jp FU JSPS FX This study was supported by JSPS titled 'Institutional Program for Young Researcher Overseas Visits'. 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Pelphrey, Kevin A. TI Disrupted action perception in autism: Behavioral evidence, neuroendophenotypes, and diagnostic utility SO DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Autism; Biological motion; Neuroendophenotypes; Diagnostic utility ID POINT-LIGHT DISPLAYS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION PERCEPTION; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL BRAIN; GENDER RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; TEMPORAL CORTEX; HUMAN AMYGDALA; MOVEMENT AB Disruptions in the visual perception of biological motion are emerging as a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), consistent with the pathognomonic social deficits of this neurodevelopmental disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests an early and marked divergence in ASD from the typical developmental tuning of brain regions to process social information. In this review, we discuss a relatively recent yet substantial literature of behavioral and neuroimaging studies that consistently indicates impairments in biological motion perception in ASD. We then illustrate the fundamental disruption in this form of social perception in autism, drawing connections between a genetic liability to develop autism and disrupted associated brain mechanisms, as we describe neuroendophenotypes of autism derived from an fMRI study of biological motion perception in children with autism and their unaffected siblings. Finally, we demonstrate the diagnostic utility of brain responses to biological motion. With the ability to measure brain function in the first year of life comes the potential to chart the development of disrupted biological motion processing in ASD and to specify the gene-brain-behavior interactions shaping this atypical trajectory. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of the development of impaired responses to biological motion in ASD can inform future diagnosis and treatment approaches. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaiser, Martha D.; Pelphrey, Kevin A.] Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kaiser, MD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Child Study Ctr, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM martha.kaiser@yale.edu FU Simons Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from The Simons Foundation. The authors thank Uta Frith and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. 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Cogn. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.005 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 095EM UT WOS:000315317500002 PM 22682727 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, JH Peake, SJ AF Pfeifer, Jennifer H. Peake, Shannon J. TI Self-development: Integrating cognitive, socioemotional, and neuroimaging perspectives SO DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Self-development; fMRI; Medial prefrontal cortex; Perspective-taking; Social exclusion; Identity ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; ADOLESCENT BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; ANTICIPATED PEER EVALUATION; CORTICAL MIDLINE STRUCTURES; TEMPORO-PARIETAL JUNCTION; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; DEFAULT NETWORK; NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE AB This review integrates cognitive, socioemotional, and neuroimaging perspectives on self-development. Neural correlates of key processes implicated in personal and social identity are reported from studies of children, adolescents, and adults, including autobiographical memory, direct and reflected self-appraisals, and social exclusion. While cortical midline structures of medial prefrontal cortex and medial posterior parietal cortex are consistently identified in neuroimaging studies considering personal identity from a primarily cognitive perspective ("who am I?"), additional regions are implicated by studies considering personal and social identity from a more socioemotional perspective ("what do others think about me, where do I fit in?"), especially in child or adolescent samples. The involvement of these additional regions (including tempo-parietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus, temporal poles, anterior insula, ventral striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, middle cingulate cortex, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) suggests mentalizing, emotion, and emotion regulation are central to self-development. In addition, these regions appear to function atypically during personal and social identity tasks in autism and depression, exhibiting a broad pattern of hypoactivation and hyperactivation, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pfeifer, Jennifer H.; Peake, Shannon J.] 1227 Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Pfeifer, JH (reprint author), 1227 Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. 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Cogn. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.07.012 PG 15 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 095EM UT WOS:000315317500004 PM 22682728 ER PT J AU Hoehl, S Wahl, S Michel, C Striano, T AF Hoehl, Stefanie Wahl, Sebastian Michel, Christine Striano, Tricia TI Effects of eye gaze cues provided by the caregiver compared to a stranger on infants' object processing SO DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Infants; Event-related potentials (ERP); Eye gaze; Face processing; Face familiarity ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; 6-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; PERSON FAMILIARITY; JOINT ATTENTION; MOTHERS FACE; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; EXPRESSIONS; 4-MONTH-OLD AB Previous research has shown that eye gaze affects infants' processing of novel objects. In the current study we address the question whether presenting a highly familiar face vs. a stranger enhances the effects of gaze cues on object processing in 4-month-olds. Infants were presented pictures of the infant's caregiver and another infant's caregiver (stranger) either turning eye gaze toward an object next to the face or looking away from the object. Then objects were presented again without the face and event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. An enhanced positive slow wave (PSW) was found for objects that were not cued by the caregiver's eye gaze, indicating that these objects required increased encoding compared to objects that were cued by the caregiver's gaze. When a stranger was presented, a PSW was observed in response to objects regardless of whether the objects were gazecued or not. Thus, the caregiver's eye gaze had a larger effect on infants' object processing than the stranger's gaze. This suggests that at 4 months of age the caregiver's eye gaze is easier to process for infants, more salient, or both. The findings are discussed in terms of early social cognitive development and face processing models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoehl, Stefanie; Wahl, Sebastian; Michel, Christine] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Psychol, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Striano, Tricia] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Hoehl, S (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Dept Psychol, Hauptstr 47-51, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM stefanie.hoehl@psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de RI Hoehl, Stefanie/N-2452-2014 OI Hoehl, Stefanie/0000-0003-0472-0374 FU TransCoop grant [3.1 - TCVERL-DEU/1135099]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This research was supported by a TransCoop grant (3.1 - TCVERL-DEU/1135099) awarded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to S. Hoehl and T. Striano. We are grateful to the infants and parents who participated. 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[Berg, Jamee M.; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Berg, Jamee M.; Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Program Neurogenet, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Geschwind, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Geschwind, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dhg@ucla.edu FU UCLA Chancellor's Award; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists; Autism Center of Excellence Network grant [NIH/NIMH R01 MH081754]; Autism Center of Excellence Center Grant [NIH/NICHD P50HD055784]; Simons Foundation; Autism Speaks; [NIMH F31 MH088083]; [NIH T32 MH073526] FX Our work in autism is supported by grants NIMH F31 MH088083 (JMB); NIH T32 MH073526 (JMB); UCLA Chancellor's Award (JMB); Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (JMB); Autism Center of Excellence Network grant NIH/NIMH R01 MH081754 (DHG); Autism Center of Excellence Center Grant NIH/NICHD P50HD055784 (DHG); Simons Foundation and Autism Speaks. 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PY 2012 VL 13 IS 7 AR 247 DI 10.1186/gb-2012-13-7-247 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 093IY UT WOS:000315186500014 PM 22849751 ER PT J AU Hruska, K Kaevska, M AF Hruska, K. Kaevska, M. TI Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review SO VETERINARNI MEDICINA LA English DT Review DE Mycobacterium; water; soil; plant; vegetables; air; biofilm; sediment; determination; zoonoses; food safety ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; REAL-TIME PCR; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; AQUATIC SPORTS DERMATOSES; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; DRINKING-WATER AB Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn's disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables. C1 [Hruska, K.; Kaevska, M.] Vet Res Inst, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. RP Hruska, K (reprint author), Vet Res Inst, Hudcova 70, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. EM hruska@vri.cz FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic (AdmireVet) [CZ 1.05/2.1.00/01.0006-ED 0006/01/01]; Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic [MZE 0002716202] FX Supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic (AdmireVet; Grant No. CZ 1.05/2.1.00/01.0006-ED 0006/01/01) and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (Grant No. MZE 0002716202). 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Med. PY 2012 VL 57 IS 12 BP 623 EP 679 PG 57 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 097AN UT WOS:000315446400001 ER PT S AU White, SP Weitlauf, AS Warren, ZE AF White, Stormi Pulver Weitlauf, Amy S. Warren, Zachary E. BE Hodapp, RM TI Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Progress, Challenges, and Remaining Questions for Families and Professionals SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 43 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; EARLY INTERVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; EARLY IDENTIFICATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; COPING STRATEGIES AB This chapter reviews and synthesizes our current knowledge of the process and experience of families and clinicians in terms of pursuing and receiving a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in early childhood. Obtaining an early accurate diagnosis of an ASD has many potential benefits for children and families, including improved access to early intervention services thought to dramatically impact developmental trajectories. However, the process of moving from noticing concerns, discussing concerns with providers, and negotiating resource-limited systems to obtaining an accurate diagnosis is a very challenging and stressful one for families. At present this complex process contributes to a range of diverse impacts on children, families, and service systems. This chapter attempts to summarize our current knowledge regarding key and challenging aspects of this process and concludes with some recommendations for future research. C1 [White, Stormi Pulver] UT SW Med Ctr, Autism Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [White, Stormi Pulver] UT SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX USA. 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PY 2012 VL 43 BP 47 EP 85 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398261-2.00002-7 PG 39 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA BDT13 UT WOS:000314729800003 ER PT S AU Foss-Feig, JH Stone, WL Wallace, MT AF Foss-Feig, Jennifer H. Stone, Wendy L. Wallace, Mark T. BE Hodapp, RM TI Processing of Non-Speech Auditory Stimuli in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Stimulus Characteristics SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, VOL 43 SE International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; MISMATCH NEGATIVITY MMN; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; CENTRAL COHERENCE; EVOKED-RESPONSES AB Several theoretical models propose a dissociation in the processing of simple versus complex sensory stimuli in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with simple stimuli resulting in intact (or enhanced) processing and complex stimuli resulting in processing impairments. In the auditory domain, atypical neural and behavioral responses to complex speech stimuli in ASD are reported relatively consistently. However, whether processing of more simple, nonspeech auditory stimuli is, in fact, intact in ASD remains less clear. Thus, this review sought to clarify how well the hypothesized simple-complex stimulus processing dissociation fits existing data in the auditory domain. To do this, the review focused exclusively on the processing of nonspeech stimuli. Specifically, we examined whether specific acoustic properties are associated with atypical processing in ASD. The review highlights that, whereas pitch processing has been studied often in ASD, there is a relative paucity of literature examining the impact of intensity, timing, and filtering demands on the integrity of auditory processing. Though reviewed studies offer substantial evidence for intact behavioral performance on pitch-related tasks, neurophysiological studies reveal atypicalities in the neural correlates of pitch processing. Moreover, this review found limited support for the oft-cited pitch processing enhancement in ASD. In contrast, responses to increasing stimulus intensity appear abnormal in ASD, as do responses indexing encoding and perception of timing aspects of auditory stimuli. Individuals with ASD also appear to have marked difficulty in filtering competing auditory stimuli. Taken together, findings reviewed here yield substantial evidence indicating that nonspeech auditory stimuli often elicit aberrant neural and behavioral responses in individuals with ASD. Further, these deficits encompass both pure tone and more spectrally complex stimuli. Additional research regarding auditory processing outside of the speech domain is clearly needed. C1 [Foss-Feig, Jennifer H.; Stone, Wendy L.; Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Wallace, Mark T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Brain Inst, Nashville, TN USA. RP Foss-Feig, JH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. 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Rev. Res. Dev. Disabil. PY 2012 VL 43 BP 147 EP 185 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398261-2.00004-0 PG 39 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA BDT13 UT WOS:000314729800005 ER PT J AU Castaldelli-Maia, JM Oliveira, HP Andrade, AG Lotufo-Neto, F Bhugra, D AF Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio Oliveira, Hercilio Pereira Andrade, Arthur Guerra Lotufo-Neto, Francisco Bhugra, Dinesh TI Using selected scenes from Brazilian films to teach about substance use disorders, within medical education SO SAO PAULO MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Motion pictures as topic; Alcoholic intoxication; Substance-related disorders; Behavior, addictive; Education, medical ID PSYCHIATRY RESIDENTS; POPULAR MOVIES; CINEMA; STUDENTS; DRUGS; HELP AB CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Themes like alcohol and drug abuse, relationship difficulties, psychoses, autism and personality dissociation disorders have been widely used in films. Psychiatry and psychiatric conditions in various cultural settings are increasingly taught using films. Many articles on cinema and psychiatry have been published but none have presented any methodology on how to select material. Here, the authors look at the portrayal of abusive use of alcohol and drugs during the Brazilian cinema revival period (1994 to 2008). DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative study at two universities in the state of Sao Paulo. METHODS: Scenes were selected from films available at rental stores and were analyzed using a specifically designed protocol. We assessed how realistic these scenes were and their applicability for teaching. One author selected 70 scenes from 50 films (graded for realism and teaching applicability = 8). These were then rated by another two judges. Rating differences among the three judges were assessed using nonparametric tests (P < 0.001). Scenes with high scores (= 8) were defined as "quality scenes". RESULTS: Thirty-nine scenes from 27 films were identified as "quality scenes". Alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens and inhalants were included in these. Signs and symptoms of intoxication, abusive/harmful use and dependence were shown. CONCLUSIONS: We have produced rich teaching material for discussing psychopathology relating to alcohol and drug use that can be used both at undergraduate and at postgraduate level. Moreover, it could be seen that certain drug use behavioral patterns are deeply rooted in some Brazilian films and groups. C1 [Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio] Fac Med ABC FMABC, Disciplinas Psiquiatria & Psicol Med, BR-09060870 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. Fac Med Sao Paulo FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Castaldelli-Maia, JM (reprint author), Fac Med ABC FMABC, Disciplinas Psiquiatria & Psicol Med, Av Lauro Gomes 2-000, BR-09060870 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. 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Reson. Med. Sci. PY 2012 VL 11 IS 4 BP 221 EP 233 PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 059BB UT WOS:000312678300001 PM 23269009 ER PT J AU Chicoine, M Duplan, SM Lambert, A Tessier, S Rochette, A Chevrier Mottron, L Godbout, R AF Chicoine, M. Duplan, S. M. Lambert, A. Tessier, S. Rochette, A. Chevrier Mottron, L. Godbout, R. TI SLEEP SPINDLES IN AUTISM: DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE OF AN EEG MARKER OF POOR SLEEP SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Chicoine, M.; Duplan, S. M.; Lambert, A.; Tessier, S.; Rochette, A.; Chevrier; Godbout, R.] Riviere Des Prairies Hosp, Sleep Lab & Clin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mottron, L.] Riviere Des Prairies Hosp, Autism Clin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Riviere Des Prairies Hosp, Ctr Rech Fernand Seguin, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mottron, L.; Godbout, R.] Univ Montreal, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 0852 BP A286 EP A287 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502090 ER PT J AU Ellis, JG Aldridge, D AF Ellis, J. G. Aldridge, D. TI ATTENTION BIASES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND SLEEP PROBLEMS SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Ellis, J. G.; Aldridge, D.] Northumbria Univ, Northumbria Ctr Sleep Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1098 BP A370 EP A370 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502336 ER PT J AU Holbrook, HM Sorrentino, E Maski, K Hanson, E Manoach, D Stickgold, R AF Holbrook, H. M. Sorrentino, E. Maski, K. Hanson, E. Manoach, D. Stickgold, R. TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL SLEEP TIME AND BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL INDICATORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD) SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Holbrook, H. M.; Sorrentino, E.; Hanson, E.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Hanson, E.; Stickgold, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Maski, K.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Stickgold, R.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Manoach, D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Manoach, D.] Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1096 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502334 ER PT J AU Loddenkemper, T Sullivan, J McConnell, K Coulter, D Braga-Kenyon, P Kothare, SV Lockley, SW AF Loddenkemper, T. Sullivan, J. McConnell, K. Coulter, D. Braga-Kenyon, P. Kothare, S., V Lockley, S. W. TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP-DEFICIENCY AND POOR DAYTIME-BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM-SPECTRUM- DISORDER SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Loddenkemper, T.; Kothare, S., V; Lockley, S. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA USA. [Sullivan, J.; Lockley, S. W.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Loddenkemper, T.; Coulter, D.; Kothare, S., V] Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA. [McConnell, K.; Braga-Kenyon, P.] New England Ctr Children, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1052 BP A355 EP A355 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502290 ER PT J AU Mahon, S Bourque, E Kirk, V AF Mahon, S. Bourque, E. Kirk, V TI TREATMENT COMPLIANCE IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Mahon, S.; Bourque, E.; Kirk, V] Alberta Childrens Prov Gen Hosp, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Kirk, V] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1095 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502333 ER PT J AU Malow, BA Reynolds, AM Weiss, S Adkins, K Artibee, KJ Clemons, T Frank, K Goldman, SE Katz, T Loh, A AF Malow, B. A. Reynolds, A. M. Weiss, S. Adkins, K. Artibee, K. J. Clemons, T. Frank, K. Goldman, S. E. Katz, T. Loh, A. TI PARENT-BASED SLEEP EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Malow, B. A.; Adkins, K.; Artibee, K. J.; Frank, K.; Goldman, S. E.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Reynolds, A. M.; Katz, T.] Univ Colorado Denver, Denver, CO USA. [Weiss, S.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Clemons, T.] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1100 BP A371 EP A371 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502338 ER PT J AU Maski, K Holbrook, H Hanson, E Manoach, D Stickgold, R AF Maski, K. Holbrook, H. Hanson, E. Manoach, D. Stickgold, R. TI SLEEP DEPENDENT MEMORY CONSOLIDATION IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD) USING A PROBABILISTIC CATEGORICAL LEARNING TASK SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Maski, K.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Maski, K.; Hanson, E.; Manoach, D.; Stickgold, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Stickgold, R.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Holbrook, H.; Hanson, E.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA USA. [Manoach, D.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Manoach, D.] Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1094 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502332 ER PT J AU Sayed, R Bhalerao, N Hegde, A Devnani, P AF Sayed, R. Bhalerao, N. Hegde, A. Devnani, P. TI PILOT STUDY: SLEEP CHARACTERISTCS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies (APSS) CY JUN 09-13, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Associated Professi Sleep Soc (APSS) C1 [Sayed, R.; Bhalerao, N.; Hegde, A.; Devnani, P.] Jaslok Hosp & Res Ctr, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2012 VL 35 SU S MA 1097 BP A370 EP A370 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063KH UT WOS:000312996502335 ER PT J AU Tapus, A Peca, A Aly, A Pop, C Jisa, L Pintea, S Rusu, AS David, DO AF Tapus, Adriana Peca, Andreea Aly, Amir Pop, Cristina Jisa, Lavinia Pintea, Sebastian Rusu, Alina S. David, Daniel O. TI Children with autism social engagement in interaction with Nao, an imitative robot A series of single case experiments SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE human-robot interaction; assistive robotics; autism ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EXPRESSIONS; THERAPY; INFANTS; PEERS; PLAY AB This paper presents a series of 4 single subject experiments aimed to investigate whether children with autism show more social engagement when interacting with the Nao robot, compared to a human partner in a motor imitation task. The Nao robot imitates gross arm movements of the child in real-time. Different behavioral criteria (i.e. eye gaze, gaze shifting, free initiations and prompted initiations of arm movements, and smile/laughter) were analyzed based on the video data of the interaction. The results are mixed and suggest a high variability in reactions to the Nao robot. The results are as follows: For Child2 and Child3, the results indicate no effect of the Nao robot in any of the target variables. Child1 and Child4 showed more eye gaze and smile/laughter in the interaction with the Nao robot compared to the human partner and Child1 showed a higher frequency of motor initiations in the interaction with the Nao robot compared to the baselines, but not with respect to the human-interaction. The robot proved to be a better facilitator of shared attention only for Child1. C1 [Tapus, Adriana; Aly, Amir] ENSTA ParisTech, Cognit Robot Lab, F-91762 Palaiseau, France. [Peca, Andreea; Pop, Cristina; Jisa, Lavinia; Pintea, Sebastian; Rusu, Alina S.; David, Daniel O.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, R-3400 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Tapus, A (reprint author), ENSTA ParisTech, Cognit Robot Lab, 828 Blvd Marechaux, F-91762 Palaiseau, France. EM adriana.tapus@ensta-paristech.fr; andreea.peca@ubbcluj.ro; amir.aly@ensta-paristech.fr; pop.cristina@ubbcluj.ro; lavinia.jisa@ubbcluj.ro; sebastianpin-tea@psychology.ro; alinarusu@psychology.ro; danieldavid@psychology.ro RI David, Daniel/N-1285-2014 CR Association A. 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PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 315 EP 347 DI 10.1075/is.13.3.01tap PG 33 WC Communication; Linguistics SC Communication; Linguistics GA 055RY UT WOS:000312435800001 ER PT J AU Vanderborght, B Simut, R Saldien, J Pop, C Rusu, AS Pintea, S Lefeber, D David, DO AF Vanderborght, Bram Simut, Ramona Saldien, Jelle Pop, Cristina Rusu, Alina S. Pintea, Sebastian Lefeber, Dirk David, Daniel O. TI Using the social robot Probo as a social story telling agent for children with ASD SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE social robot; ASD children; social story; robot assisted therapy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM; DISORDERS; DEFICITS; THERAPY AB This paper aims to study the role of the social robot Probo in providing assistance to a therapist for robot assisted therapy (RAT) with autistic children. Children with autism have difficulties with social interaction and several studies indicate that they show preference toward interaction with objects, such as computers and robots, rather than with humans. In 1991, Carol Gray developed Social Stories, an intervention tool aimed to increase children's social skills. Social stories are short scenarios written or tailored for autistic individuals to help them understand and behave appropriately in social situations. This study shows that, in specific situations, the social performance of autistic children improves when using the robot Probo, as a medium for social story telling, than when a human reader tells the stories. The robot tells Social Stories to teach ASD children how to react in situations like saying "hello", saying "thank you" and "sharing toys". The robot has the capability of expressing emotions and attention via its facial expressions and its gaze. The paper discusses the use of Probo as an added-value therapeutic tool for social story telling and presents the first experimental results. C1 [Vanderborght, Bram; Simut, Ramona; Saldien, Jelle; Lefeber, Dirk] Vrije Univ Brussel, Robot Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. 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Mayeux, Richard St George-Hyslop, Peter Rogaeva, Ekaterina TI Genome-Wide Survey of Large Rare Copy Number Variants in Alzheimer's Disease Among Caribbean Hispanics SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE gene; deletion; duplication; Alzheimer's Disease; copy number variants ID HIDDEN-MARKOV MODEL; SNP GENOTYPING DATA; IDENTIFIES VARIANTS; PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMMON VARIANTS; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; AUTISM; ONSET AB Recently genome-wide association studies have identified significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and variations in CLU, PICALM, BIN1, CR1, MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and ABCA7. However, the pathogenic variants in these loci have not yet been found. We conducted a genome-wide scan for large copy number variation (CNV) in a dataset of Caribbean Hispanic origin (554 controls and 559 AD cases that were previously investigated in a SNP-based genome-wide association study using Illumina HumanHap 650Y platform). We ran four CNV calling algorithms to obtain high-confidence calls for large CNVs (>100 kb) that were detected by at least two algorithms. Global burden analyses did not reveal significant differences between cases and controls in CNV rate, distribution of deletions or duplications, total or average CNV size; or number of genes affected by CNVs. However, we observed a nominal association between AD and a similar to 470 kb duplication on chromosome 15q11.2 (P = 0.037). This duplication, encompassing up to five genes (TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2, NIPA1, and WHAMML1) was present in 10 cases (2.6%) and 3 controls (0.8%). The dosage increase of CYFIP1 and NIPA1 genes was further confirmed by quantitative PCR. The current study did not detect CNVs that affect novel AD loci identified by recent genome-wide association studies. However, because the array technology used in our study has limitations in detecting small CNVs, future studies must carefully assess novel AD genes for the presence of disease-related CNVs. C1 [Ghani, Mahdi; Grinberg, Yakov; Sato, Christine; Moreno, Danielle; St George-Hyslop, Peter; Rogaeva, Ekaterina] Univ Toronto, Tanz Ctr Res Neurodegenerat Dis, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada. [St George-Hyslop, Peter; Rogaeva, Ekaterina] Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. [Pinto, Dalila; Scherer, Stephen W.] Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Lee, Joseph H.; Mayeux, Richard] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Taub Inst Res Alzheimers Dis & Aging Brain, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Joseph H.; Mayeux, Richard] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Gertrude H Sergievsky Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Joseph H.; Mayeux, Richard] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Joseph H.; Mayeux, Richard] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Joseph H.; Mayeux, Richard] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, Joseph H.] Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. [St George-Hyslop, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge Inst Med Res, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [St George-Hyslop, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. RP Rogaeva, E (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Tanz Ctr Res Neurodegenerat Dis, 6 Queens Pk Crescent W, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada. EM ekaterina.rogaeva@utoronto.ca RI Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012 OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging [R37-AG15473, P01-AG07232]; Blanchett Hooker Rockefeller Foundation; Charles S. Robertson Gift from the Banbury Fund; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Research Fund; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Wellcome Trust; Alzheimer Society of Ontario; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Mental Health Foundation; Genome Canada; Alzheimer Society of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [213997] FX We thank Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram for technical assistance and the Centre for Applied Genomics at the Hospital for Sick Children for data sharing and database support. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health and National Institute on Aging grants R37-AG15473 (R. M.) and P01-AG07232; by the Blanchett Hooker Rockefeller Foundation; by the Charles S. Robertson Gift from the Banbury Fund (R. M.); by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation (E. R.); by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Research Fund (E. R. and P. S. H.); and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Wellcome Trust, the Alzheimer Society of Ontario, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, Genome Canada, and the Alzheimer Society of Canada (P. S. H.). D. P. is supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research fellowship 213997. S. W. S. holds the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Endowed Chair in Genetics and Genomics at the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto. 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C, V51, P72, DOI 10.1007/s11427-008-0014-z Wellman HM, 2001, CHILD DEV, V72, P655, DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00304 NR 72 TC 1 Z9 2 PU ANKA PUBLISHER PI BORNOVA PA 116-11 SOK NO.10 K 2 D 2, BORNOVA, IZMIR 35050, TURKEY SN 1303-5150 J9 NEUROQUANTOLOGY JI NeuroQuantology PY 2012 VL 10 IS 4 BP 733 EP 743 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 052PP UT WOS:000312210700015 ER PT J AU Herguner, S Herguner, A Cicek, E AF Herguner, Sabri Herguner, Arzu Cicek, Erdinc TI Combination of Risperidone and Paroxetine for Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in an Adolescent with Autism and Mental Retardation SO NOROPSIKIYATRI ARSIVI-ARCHIVES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autistic disorder; hypersexuality; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; paroxetine; risperidone ID DYSFUNCTION; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; DEMENTIA AB Inappropriate hypersexual behaviors have been frequently reported in subjects with autism, however, literature on management of such behaviors in this group is very limited. In this paper, we describe an adolescent with autistic disorder and mental retardation who developed severe inappropriate sexual behaviors and has been treated successfully with risperidone-paroxetine combination. As presence of hypersexual behaviors in individuals with autism is a distressing factor for their family and social environment, appropriate management seems to be essential. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2012; 49: 311-313) C1 [Herguner, Sabri; Herguner, Arzu] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Meram Tip Fak, Cocuk & Ergen Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, Konya, Turkey. [Cicek, Erdinc] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Meram Tip Fak, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, Konya, Turkey. RP Herguner, S (reprint author), Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Meram Tip Fak, Cocuk & Ergen Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, Konya, Turkey. 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PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.4274/npa.y6173 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 054ST UT WOS:000312364300015 ER PT J AU Ongen, G Sargin, S Ustun, O Kutlu, C Yucel, M AF Ongen, Gaye Sargin, Sayit Ustun, Ozlem Kutlu, Ceren Yucel, Mesut TI Dipeptidyl peptidase IV production by solid state fermentation using alternative fungal sources SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dipeptidyl peptidase IV; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Rhizopus; solid state fermentation ID ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; AMINOPEPTIDASE; AUTISM; SERUM; PURIFICATION; DISORDERS; THERAPY; DPPIV; GENE AB The present work was carried out for the production of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) using Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus strains under solid state fermentation conditions. Response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of the selected operational variables (corn flour, initial moisture content, and cultivation time) for DPP IV activity as the response. The optimal parameters of DPP IV activity for the independent variables, namely the amount of corn flour (% w/w), initial moisture content (% w/w), and cultivation time (days), were evaluated to be 2.44%, 60.85%, and 4.69 days, respectively, using Aspergillus awamori T116. The response for these results was also shown to be in very close agreement with the experimental data. C1 [Ongen, Gaye; Sargin, Sayit; Ustun, Ozlem; Kutlu, Ceren; Yucel, Mesut] Ege Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fac Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Ongen, G (reprint author), Ege Univ, Dept Bioengn, Fac Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. EM gaye.ongen@ege.edu.tr FU TUBITAK [105T195] FX We thank Sevket Karacanci (PhD) for using the Design Expert software (version 7.1.6, Stat-Ease, Inc.). This study was supported by TUBITAK, project number 105T195. 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J. Biol. PY 2012 VL 36 IS 6 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.3906/biy-1201-26 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 055NU UT WOS:000312424500007 ER PT J AU Theoharides, TC AF Theoharides, Theoharis C. TI Activation of Mast Cells and Neuroglia Leads to Brain Inflammation Inhibited by Luteolin - Implications for Treatment of Alzheimer's and Autism SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID MEDIATOR RELEASE; OLIVE OIL; FLAVONOIDS; DISEASE; NEUROINFLAMMATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; MECHANISMS; QUERCETIN; MICROGLIA; COGNITION C1 [Theoharides, Theoharis C.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Mol Immunopharmacol & Drug Discovery Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. 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Nutr. Metab. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 4 MA 3 BP 324 EP 325 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 048HX UT WOS:000311903100011 ER PT J AU Palmen, A Didden, R Verhoeven, L AF Palmen, Annemiek Didden, Robert Verhoeven, Lisette TI A personal digital assistant for improving independent transitioning in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; high-functioning youth; transitions; visual supports; personal digital assistant ID TREATMENT INTEGRITY; STUDENTS; INTERVENTIONS; SCHOOL; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; IPOD AB Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a personal digital assistant (PDA) on independent transitioning between activities in a day treatment centre for youth with high-functioning ASD. Methods: Within a multiple baseline design across four participants, data were collected on participant's transitioning and staff's prompting behaviour. Intervention by staff consisted of one technical instruction session on use of the PDA and non-specific instruction following incorrect transitions while not using the PDA, in the natural setting. Results: Analysis revealed a significant increase in percentage independent daily transitions, which resulted from the independent use of the PDA. The change in staff's prompt use during intervention was mainly the result of a significant decrease in the use of non-specific prompts in correcting participant's transition behaviour. Conclusion: A brief intervention was effective in improving independent transitioning using a PDA. Findings are evaluated in light of their clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. C1 [Palmen, Annemiek] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 6 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.701240 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 041RY UT WOS:000311420100002 PM 23030628 ER PT J AU Mason, RA Rispoli, M Ganz, JB Boles, MB Orr, K AF Mason, Rose A. Rispoli, Mandy Ganz, Jennifer B. Boles, Margot B. Orr, Kristie TI Effects of video modeling on communicative social skills of college students with asperger syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; postsecondary; single-case design; video-based modeling intervention ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CONVERSATION SKILLS; CHILDREN; SELF; BEHAVIORS; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; TRANSITION; SCHOOL AB Introduction: Empirical support regarding effective interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within a postsecondary community is limited. Video modeling, an empirically supported intervention for children and adolescents with ASD, may prove effective in addressing the needs of individuals with ASD in higher education. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of video modeling without additional treatment components to improve social-communicative skills, specifically, eye contact, facial expression, and conversational turntaking in college students with ASD. Method: This study utilized a multiple baseline single-case design across behaviors for two post-secondary students with ASD to evaluate the effects of the video modeling intervention. Results: Large effect sizes and statistically significant change across all targeted skills for one participant and eye contact and turntaking for the other participant were obtained. Conclusion: The use of video modeling without additional intervention may increase the social skills of post-secondary students with ASD. Implications for future research are discussed. C1 [Mason, Rose A.; Rispoli, Mandy; Ganz, Jennifer B.; Boles, Margot B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Orr, Kristie] Texas A&M Univ, Disabil Serv, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mason, RA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Juniper Gardens Childrens Project, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. EM rmason519@ku.edu CR Adreon D, 2007, INTERV SCH CLIN, V42, P271, DOI 10.1177/10534512070420050201 Apple AL, 2005, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V7, P33, DOI 10.1177/10983007050070010401 Baharav E, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P771, DOI 10.1007/s10803-007-0429-6 Barlow D., 2009, SINGLE CASE EXPT DES Bellini S, 2008, BUILDING SOCIAL RELA Bellini S, 2007, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V73, P264 Cannella-Malone H, 2006, EDUC TRAIN DEV DISAB, V41, P344 CHARLOP MH, 1989, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V22, P275, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1989.22-275 Cihak D, 2010, J POSIT BEHAV INTERV, V12, P103, DOI 10.1177/1098300709332346 Dillon M. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 6 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.704530 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 041RY UT WOS:000311420100004 PM 23030681 ER PT J AU Huskens, B Reijers, H Didden, R AF Huskens, Bibi Reijers, Hilde Didden, Robert TI Staff training effective in increasing learning opportunities for school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; learning opportunities; staff training; children ID BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; INTERVENTION; PARAPROFESSIONALS; PREVALENCE; FEEDBACK; PROGRAM; ISSUES AB Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of instruction and video feedback on staff's ABA skills during one-to-one play situations and initiations of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Data were collected within a multiple baseline design across 5 dyads. A continuous 20 s interval recording system was used to record motivation, creating opportunities, prompting and reinforcement of staff and child initiations. Training included instruction, consisting of instructions, video examples and role-plays. After this, a 4-h delayed video feedback condition started. Results: Three staff members created significantly more learning opportunities during post-instruction and a significant increase occurred during video feedback for one staff member. Initiatives increased significantly in two children during post-instruction. During follow-up, three children showed unprompted initiatives. The mean percentage of spontaneous initiations increased during follow-up. Conclusion: The findings provide support for training staff in a clinical setting to create learning opportunities, which also may result in concomittant improvement in child initiations. C1 [Huskens, Bibi] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Div Res & Dev, NL-6865 ZH Doorwerth, Netherlands. [Reijers, Hilde; Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Huskens, B (reprint author), Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Div Res & Dev, POB 62, NL-6865 ZH Doorwerth, Netherlands. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 6 BP 435 EP 447 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.705910 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 041RY UT WOS:000311420100005 PM 23030785 ER PT J AU Voineagu, I AF Voineagu, Irina TI Autism: From genetics to biomarkers SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS C1 RIKEN Omics Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Voineagu, I (reprint author), RIKEN Omics Sci Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. EM irinavoineagu@gmail.com CR Boone PM, 2011, HUM GENET, V130, P103, DOI 10.1007/s00439-011-1001-1 LeBlanc LA, 2012, PEDIATR CLIN N AM, V59, P147, DOI 10.1016/j.pcl.2011.10.006 State MW, 2011, NAT NEUROSCI, V14, P1499, DOI 10.1038/nn.2924 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.3233/DMA-2012-0931 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 049RQ UT WOS:000312001500001 PM 22960343 ER PT J AU Provenzano, G Zunino, G Genovesi, S Sgado, P Bozzi, Y AF Provenzano, Giovanni Zunino, Giulia Genovesi, Sacha Sgado, Paola Bozzi, Yuri TI Mutant mouse models of autism spectrum disorders SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; brain development; knockout mouse; animal model ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; HETEROZYGOUS REELER MICE; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MOUSE; RECEPTOR GENE OXTR; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1; RETT-SYNDROME; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; LEARNING-DEFICITS; DOWN-REGULATION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by a triad of specific behavioral traits: abnormal social interactions, communication deficits and stereotyped or repetitive behaviors. Several recent studies showed that ASDs have a strong genetic basis, contributing to the discovery of a number of ASD-associated genes. Due to the genetic complexity of these disorders, mouse strains with targeted deletion of ASD genes have become an essential tool to investigate the molecular and neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying ASD. Here we will review the most relevant genetic mouse models developed by targeted inactivation of ASD-associated genes, and discuss their importance for the development of novel pharmacological therapies of these disorders. C1 [Provenzano, Giovanni; Zunino, Giulia; Genovesi, Sacha; Sgado, Paola; Bozzi, Yuri] Univ Trent, Ctr Integrat Biol, Lab Mol Neuropathol, Trento, Italy. [Bozzi, Yuri] CNR, Inst Neurosci, Pisa, Italy. RP Bozzi, Y (reprint author), Univ Trent, Ctr Integrat Biol CIBIO, Lab Mol Neuropathol, Trento, Italy. EM bozzi@science.unitn.it FU Provincia Autonoma di Trento (Italy) under European Community; Italian Ministry of University and Research [2008 94SYW2_002]; University of Trento (CIBIO) FX P.S. is a postdoctoral fellow supported by Provincia Autonoma di Trento (Italy) under the Marie Curie-People cofunding action of the European Community. This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2008 grant # 2008 94SYW2_002) and the University of Trento (CIBIO start-up) grants to Y.B. 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Carmen TI A songbird animal model for dissecting the genetic bases of autism spectrum disorder SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; animal model; FOXP2; CNTNAP2; song circuitry; vocal learning ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; MALE ZEBRA FINCHES; LANGUAGE DISORDERS; VOCAL CONTROL; NEUREXIN SUPERFAMILY; AXONAL CONNECTIONS; MYELINATED AXONS; BASAL GANGLIA; CNTNAP2 GENE; HUMAN SPEECH AB The neural and genetic bases of human language development and associated neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in which language impairment represents a core deficit, are poorly understood. Given that no single animal model can fully capture the behavioral and genetic complexity of ASD, work in songbird, an experimentally tractable animal model of vocal learning, can complement the valuable tool of rodent genetic models and contribute important insights to our understanding of the communication deficits observed in ASD. Like humans, but unlike traditional laboratory animals such as rodents or non-human primates, songbirds exhibit the capacity of vocal learning, a key subcomponent of language. Human speech and birdsong reveal important parallels, highlighting similar developmental critical periods, a homologous cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry, and a critical role for social influences in the learning of vocalizations. Here I highlight recent advances in using the songbird model to probe the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of neural circuitry for birdsong and, by analogy, human language, with the ultimate goal of identifying any shared or human unique biological pathways underscoring language development and its disruption in ASD. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE USA. RP Panaitof, SC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Kearney, NE USA. 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Here, we focus on the FOXP family of transcription factors as there is emerging evidence strongly linking these genes to ASD and other genes implicated in ASD. The FOXP family of genes includes three genes expressed in the central nervous system: FOXP1, FOPX2, and FOXP4. This unique group of transcription factors has known functions in brain development as well as the evolution of language. We will also discuss the other genes including transcriptional targets of FOXP genes that have been found to be associated with language and may be important in the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we will review the emerging animal models currently being used to study the function of the FOXP genes within the context of ASD symptomology. The combination of gene expression and animal behavior is critical for elucidating how genes such as the FOXP family members are key players within the framework of the developing brain. C1 [Bowers, J. 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Markers PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.3233/DMA-2012-0919 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 049RQ UT WOS:000312001500004 PM 22960337 ER PT J AU Hu, VW AF Hu, Valerie W. TI Subphenotype-dependent disease markers for diagnosis and personalized treatment of autism spectrum disorders SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE Autism; clinical phenotypes; genomics; gene expression; genetics; epigenetics; gene-environment interactions ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; STAGGERER MUTANT MICE; TRAIT LOCUS ANALYSIS; ROR-ALPHA; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR; NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION; EXPRESSION PROFILES; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; DNA-METHYLATION; ID PROTEINS AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders that are currently diagnosed solely on the basis of abnormal reciprocal language and social development as well as stereotyped behaviors. Without genetic or molecular markers for screening, individuals with ASD are typically not diagnosed before the age of 2, with milder cases diagnosed much later. Because early diagnosis is tantamount to early behavioral intervention which has been shown to improve individual outcomes, an objective biomarker test that can diagnose at-risk children perinatally is a medical imperative. The rapidly increasing prevalence of ASD in the United States (now estimated at 1 in 88 individuals) also makes early diagnosis and intervention a public health imperative. This article reviews recent genome-wide (genomic) approaches to the identification of disease markers that may be used not only for diagnosis of ASD, but also for the informed development of novel drugs that target specific core symptoms of ASD. Because of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations associated with the ASD population, this review also addresses the importance of dividing individuals with ASD into clinically relevant subphenotypes in the quest to identify appropriate biomarkers. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Hu, VW (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 2300 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM valhu@gwu.edu FU NIMH [R21 MH073393]; Autism Speaks [2381] FX The work that is described from the author's laboratory was supported by grants from NIMH (R21 MH073393) and Autism Speaks (#2381). 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More than 99% of FXS cases are caused by COG triplet expansion (>200 repeats) in 5' untranslated region of the FMRI gene that leads to low expression or absence of the FMRP protein. The FMRP is one of the key regulator protein involved in process of the translation in neural cells. It affects the peptide synthesis, the stabilization of the transcript factor and also is involved in the transport of mRNA to place of its target activity. The FMRP is particularly important for the process of synaptic plasticity (including long-term depression, LTD), and therefore for the mechanisms of learning and long term memory development. Studies in animal models of FXS, have given the start of the theory about the mGlu receptor dependent pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome. At present it is known that an abnormal synaptic plasticity is one of the fundamental causes of FRAX syndrome. 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Research of REST is intensively practiced in Sweden and USA. REST is method that is construed as a supplement of therapeutic action. This method has two forms: Chamber REST and Flotation REST. The chamber REST variant, in combination with other therapeutic techniques, has a therapeutic potencial that enables restructuralization of attitudes, opinions, understanding of the patient's own emotions in relation to social environment, enacts on change of self-concept and enables an insight into actual problems. It improves realistic thinking and ability of elaboration. Some studies support positive influence on serious diagnosis such as obsessive compulsive disorder, autism, reducing psychotic symptoms in schizofrenic patients, manic and hypomanic states, and addictive behaviour changes (alcohol abuse, obesity, smoking). The flotation REST variant has similar effects such as relaxation, autogenous training, meditation. 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In this chapter, we survey the literature regarding prefrontal development and pathology in humans as well as comparative studies of the region in humans and closely related primate species. The prefrontal cortex matures later in development than more caudal regions, and some of its neuronal subpopulations exhibit more complex dendritic arborizations. Comparative work suggests that the human prefrontal cortex differs from that of closely related primate species less in relative size than it does in organization. Specific reorganizational events in neural circuitry may have taken place either as a consequence of adjusting to increases in size or as adaptive responses to specific selection pressures. Living in complex environments has been recognized as a considerable factor in the evolution of primate cognition. Normal frontal lobe development and function are also compromised in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. 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BE Hofman, MA Falk, D TI Minicolumn size and human cortex SO EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMATE BRAIN: FROM NEURON TO BEHAVIOR SE Progress in Brain Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE minicolumns; radial unit hypothesis; hominids; encephalization ID HUMAN AUDITORY-CORTEX; RAT VISUAL-CORTEX; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; INHIBITORY ARCHITECTURE; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; CELL MINICOLUMN; DENDRITIC TREES; ORGANIZATION; AUTISM; NEOCORTEX AB Minicolumns in primates are small when compared with those of other mammals, both in absolute and relative terms. The data suggest that minicolumns in the earliest primates were especially narrow and increased in accordance with encephalization so that the largest minicolumns in this mammalian order are found in apes and humans. Among the evolutionary strategies that led to the successful human brain was a combination of enhanced cortical volume based on increases in the number of ontogenetic units, along with enlargement of the individual minicolumns. 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[Abduljalil, Amir; Schmalbrock, Petra] Ohio State Univ, Dept Radiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beversdorf, David Q.] Univ Missouri, Dept Radiol, Columbia, MO USA. [Beversdorf, David Q.] Univ Missouri, Dept Neurol, Columbia, MO USA. [Beversdorf, David Q.] Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Columbia, MO USA. [Beversdorf, David Q.] Univ Missouri, Thompson Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Columbia, MO USA. RP Beversdorf, DQ (reprint author), 205 Portland St,Room 130E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM beversdorfd@health.missouri.edu FU National Alliance for Autism Research [1033/DB//01/201/-005-00-00]; NIDA [R21 DA015734]; NINDS [K23 NS43222]; OSU; Wright Center for Innovation; University of Missouri Department of Radiology FX This research was funded by a Biomedical Research Grant from the National Alliance for Autism Research (1033/DB//01/201/-005-00-00), by grants from NIDA (R21 DA015734) and NINDS (K23 NS43222), the OSU Research Investment Fund and the Wright Center for Innovation, and the University of Missouri Department of Radiology Research Investment Fund. 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Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 040LC UT WOS:000311323100001 PM 22082460 ER PT J AU Politi, P Emanuele, E Grassi, M AF Politi, Pierluigi Emanuele, Enzo Grassi, Mario CA Invisible Orchestra Project TI Development of the "Playing-in-Touch" (PiT) questionnaire: a measure of musical intouchness in people with low-functioning autism SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE music; intouchness; autism; Rasch analysis ID SPOKEN WORDS; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIORS; DISORDER; THERAPY; SOUNDS; SAVANT AB BACKGROUND: There is accumulating evidence that people with autism have a particular affinity with music. METHODS: This study developed the "Playing-in-Touch" (PiT) questionnaire as an objective measure of musical intouchness - defined as the degree of engagement in creative exchange while playing ensemble music pieces - in persons with low-functioning autism. RESULTS: A 3-facet Rasch model supported the content and construct validity of the PiT scale. The items verified a one-dimensional hierarchical model. CONCLUSIONS: The PiT questionnaire is a convenient complement to other research methodologies exploring the attitudes of people with low-functioning autism in terms of active music making. C1 [Politi, Pierluigi; Emanuele, Enzo; Invisible Orchestra Project] Univ Pavia, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Psychiat, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Grassi, Mario] Univ Pavia, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Med Stat & Epidemiol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Politi, P (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Hlth Sci, Sect Psychiat, Via Bassi 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM pierluigi.politi@unipv.it CR Allen R, 2009, AUTISM, V13, P21, DOI 10.1177/1362361307098511 Baghaei P., 2008, RASCH MEASUREMENT T, V22, P1145 Bonnel A, 2003, J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI, V15, P226, DOI 10.1162/089892903321208169 Bonoldi I, 2009, ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATR, V21, P2, DOI 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2008.00336.x Boso M, 2009, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1169, P332, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04853.x Boso M, 2010, FUNCT NEUROL, V25, P15 Brownell MD, 2002, J MUSIC THER, V39, P117 BUDAY EM, 1995, J MUSIC THER, V32, P189 Cohen IL, 2003, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V33, P31, DOI 10.1023/A:1022226403878 Farmer KJ, 2003, EFFECT MUSIC VS NONM Gold C., 2006, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, V2, DOI DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004381.PUB2 Grandin Temple, 2006, THINKING PICTURES Heaton P, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P1355, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0283-y Heaton P, 2008, COGN NEUROPSYCHOL, V25, P771, DOI 10.1080/02643290802336277 Heaton P, 2008, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V46, P2095, DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.006 Heaton P, 2005, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V35, P787, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0024-7 Heaton P, 2009, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1169, P318, DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04583.x Heaton P, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P899, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00284.x Holck U., 2007, MICROANALYSIS MUSIC, P29 Kim J, 2008, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V38, P1758, DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0566-6 Linacre JM, 1989, MANY FACETED RASCH M Schumacher K, 2007, MICROANALYSIS MUSIC, P81 Waldon EG, 2006, J MUSIC THER, V43, P356 Welch G, 2009, PSYCHOL MUSIC, V37, P348, DOI 10.1177/0305735608099688 Wigram T, 2006, CHILD CARE HLTH DEV, V32, P535, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00615.x Wright B. 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PY 2012 VL 33 IS 5 BP 552 EP 558 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 042KP UT WOS:000311470400014 PM 23090275 ER PT J AU Chong, WH Goh, W Tang, HN Chan, WP Choo, S AF Chong, Wan Har Goh, Winnie Tang, Hui Nee Chan, Whee Peng Choo, Sylvia TI Service Practice Evaluation of the Early Intervention Programs for Infants and Young Children in Singapore SO CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FAMILY-CENTERED SERVICES; PARENTING STRESS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; CARE MPOC; OUTCOMES; QUALITY; VALIDATION; MOTHERS; LIFE AB This study evaluated the extent to which family-centered practices were implemented in 11 Early Intervention Programs for Infants and Young Children (EIPIC). The EIPIC centers offer center-based interventions to young children with moderate and severe disabilities in Singapore. A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate the study. The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20) questionnaire was administered to 310 parents. Exploratory factor analyses were performed and generated 16 items that loaded on to 4 factors: Enabling and Partnership, Provision of General Information, Provision of Child-specific Information, and Respectful and Supportive Care. The factor "Coordinated and Comprehensive Care" failed to emerge as a dimension of family-centered care giving. Focus group discussions with 70 parents provided further in-depth information to delineate and elaborate family-oriented factors that parents perceived as important in contributing to family well-being. These included: the nature of support they liked from professional staff, opportunities to build parent capacity to care for their child with disability, and the provision of specific kinds of information and resources. Limitations and implications for practice were discussed. C1 [Chong, Wan Har] Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Psychol Studies Acad Grp, Singapore 637616, Singapore. [Goh, Winnie] KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Med, Singapore, Singapore. [Tang, Hui Nee; Choo, Sylvia] KK Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Dev, Singapore, Singapore. [Chan, Whee Peng] Natl Council Social Serv, Serv Dev Div, Singapore, Singapore. RP Chong, WH (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Psychol Studies Acad Grp, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore. 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Health Care PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 281 EP 301 DI 10.1080/02739615.2012.721719 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 037PF UT WOS:000311118300002 ER PT J AU Reichow, B Barton, EE Boyd, BA Hume, K AF Reichow, Brian Barton, Erin E. Boyd, Brian A. Hume, Kara TI Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID METAANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUALS; PROJECT; FORM AB Background The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) increases the need for evidence-based behavioral treatments to lessen the impact of symptoms on children's functioning. At present, there are no curative or psychopharmacological therapies to effectively treat all symptoms of the disorder. Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI), a treatment based on the principles of applied behavior analysis delivered for multiple years at an intensity of 20 to 40 hours per week, is one of the more well-established treatments for ASD. Objectives To systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of EIBI in increasing the functional behaviors and skills of young children with ASD. Search methods We searched the following databases on 22 November 2011: CENTRAL (2011 Issue 4), MEDLINE (1948 to November Week 2, 2011), EMBASE (1980 to Week 46, 2011), PsycINFO (1806 to November Week 3, 2011), CINAHL (1937 to current), ERIC (1966 to current), Sociological Abstracts (1952 to current), Social Science Citation Index (1970 to current), WorldCat, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, and Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. We also searched the reference lists of published papers. Selection criteria Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi-randomized control trials, or clinical control trials (CCTs) in which EIBI was compared to a no-treatment or treatment-as-usual control condition. Participants must have been less than six years of age at treatment onset and assigned to their study condition prior to commencing treatment. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently selected and appraised studies for inclusion and assessed the risk of bias in each included study. All outcome data were continuous, from which standardized mean difference effect sizes with small sample correction were calculated. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis where possible, which means we assumed individual studies would provide different estimates of treatment effects. Main results One RCT and four CCTs with a total of 203 participants were included. Reliance on synthesis from four CCTs limits the evidential base and this should be borne in mind when interpreting the results. All studies used a treatment-as-usual comparison group. We synthesized the results of the four CCTs using a random-effects model of meta-analysis of the standardized mean differences. Positive effects in favor of the EIBI treatment group were found for all outcomes. The mean effect size for adaptive behavior was g = 0.69 (95% CI 0.38 to 1.01; P < 0.0001). The mean effect size for IQ was g = 0.76 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.11; P < 0.0001). Three measures of communication and language skills all showed results in favor of EIBI: expressive language g = 0.50 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.95; P = 0.03), receptive language g = 0.57 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.94; P = .03), and daily communication skills g = 0.74 (95% CI 0.30 to 1.18; P = 0.0009). The mean effect size for socialization was g = 0.42 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.73; P = 0.0008), and for daily living skills was g = 0.55 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.87; P = 0.0005). Additional descriptive analyses of other aspects related to quality of life and psychopathology are presented. However, due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies, there is a high risk of bias and the overall quality of evidence was rated as 'low' using the GRADE system, which rates the quality of evidence from meta-analyses to determine recommendations for practice. Authors' conclusions There is some evidence that EIBI is an effective behavioral treatment for some children with ASD. However, the current state of the evidence is limited because of the reliance on data from non-randomized studies (CCTs) due to the lack of RCTs. Additional studies using RCT research designs are needed to make stronger conclusions about the effects of EIBI for children with ASD. 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PY 2012 IS 10 AR CD009260 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD009260.pub2 PG 62 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 023EY UT WOS:000310016900033 ER PT J AU Michel, JM AF Michel, Jean-Marc TI Understanding autism: parents, doctors and the history of a disorder SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review EM jeanmarc.littleorchard@gmail.com CR Silverman C, 2012, UNDERSTANDING AUTISM: PARENTS, DOCTORS, AND THE HISTORY OF A DISORDER, P1 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0968-7599 EI 1360-0508 J9 DISABIL SOC JI Disabil. Soc. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1039 EP 1041 DI 10.1080/09687599.2012.722411 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 037OB UT WOS:000311115200013 ER PT J AU Cabar, HD Sultan, G AF Cabar, H. Demet Sultan, Gul TI Autism and current approaches to nursing SO HEALTHMED LA English DT Article DE Autism; Children; Nursing Approaches; Nursing Diagnoses ID POPULATION; ADULTS AB In social and communication areas due to identification of life-long difficulties, autism, according to the criteria proposed by the American Psychiatric Association in 1994, pervasive developmental disorders are discussed under the main title (1). As in every case, the starting point for a child with autism and his family from the moment of birth is the development stage of each child's place and role of the nurse can not be ignored. The nurses, in every period of life, authenticating of health risks and making plans for improving health, enhance the development of personal growth and health of individuals and societies (2). For this reason, a child with autism and their families should be planned approaches to current nursing. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders are complex disorders (3). Navigating the deterioration in multiple fields and to deal with these disorders with certain forms could be difficult and misleading. Because generally other disorders may associated with autism (4, 5, 6). For this reason, a wide perspective of nursing approaches determining may have to be multi-dimensional planning. Nursing on the basis of assessment, the child's communication, social, sensory, behavioral skills and the strategies for adaptation should succeed (7). For this reason, in this study aimed to provide information on autism current nursing approaches. C1 [Cabar, H. Demet; Sultan, Gul] Sinop Univ, Sch Hlth, Sinop, Turkey. RP Sultan, G (reprint author), Sinop Univ, Sch Hlth, Sinop, Turkey. 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RP Murphy, D (reprint author), Dadds Ctr, Crowthorne, Berks, England. EM David.murphy@wlmht.nhs.uk CR TANTUM D, 2011, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISO NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1478-9949 J9 J FORENSIC PSYCHI PS JI J. Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 742 EP 743 DI 10.1080/14789949.2012.721635 PG 2 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry SC Criminology & Penology; Psychiatry GA 035NL UT WOS:000310953800015 ER PT J AU Richards, J AF Richards, James TI Examining the exclusion of employees with Asperger syndrome from the workplace SO PERSONNEL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Employment; Asperger syndrome; Exclusion; Autism; Human resource management ID SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT; CALL CENTERS; AUTISM; ADULTS; HUMOR; DISORDER; PEOPLE AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to critically examine reasons for disproportionately high levels of exclusion from the workplace of adults with Asperger syndrome. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology adopted involves empirical analysis of secondary, qualitative datasets. The twin datasets applied are examined using labour process analysis. Findings - The main findings highlight the role of new and subtle forms of management control, a deficient yet necessary conflict dynamic in the employment relationship, and a reluctance of employers to involve third parties, in the exclusion process. Research limitations/implications - The study is limited because of the use of secondary datasets. Further research should be based on primary data collection and analysis, particularly in terms of seeking the views of other important parties to the exclusion process. Practical implications - The problem of exclusion is unlikely to be improved without considering strategies to address the challenging customary social relations between employer and employee. Social implications - Improving employment inclusion is likely to reduce mental health problems for adults with Asperger syndrome and reduce the burden on those who play a broader supporting role. Originality/value - The topic of Asperger syndrome and employment has yet to permeate the academic literature on human resource management, employment relations and organisation studies. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Management & Languages, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Richards, J (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Management & Languages, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM j.richards@hw.ac.uk CR Ackroyd S, 1999, ORG MISBEHAVIOUR Attwood T., 2007, COMPLETE GUIDE ASPER Austin R., 2008, SPECIALISTERNE SENSE Avolio BJ, 1999, ACAD MANAGE J, V42, P219, DOI 10.2307/257094 Barnard J., 2001, REALITY ADULTS AUTIS Barnes A, 2007, NEW TECH WORK EMPLOY, V22, P246, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-005X.2007.00197.x Beardon L., 2007, ASPECT CONSULTANCY R Biggs D, 2010, J MENT HEALTH, V19, P509, DOI 10.3109/09638237.2010.507683 Black J. 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Rev. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 630 EP 646 DI 10.1108/00483481211249148 PG 17 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 039TG UT WOS:000311268800005 ER PT J AU Mullet, E Martinez, GEM Makris, I Roge, B Sastre, MTM AF Mullet, Etienne Morales Martinez, Guadalupe Elizabeth Makris, Ioannis Roge, Bernadette Sastre, Maria Teresa Munoz TI Functional Measurement: An Incredibly Flexible Tool SO PSICOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Information Integration Theory and Functional Measurement CY AUG 08-09, 2011 CL San Diego, CA ID PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE; CHILDRENS JUDGMENTS; MORAL JUDGMENT; WIDTH RULE; AUTISM; QUANTITY; AREA; PERFORMANCE; HEIGHT; ADULTS AB Functional Measurement (FM) has been applied to a variety of settings that can be considered as "extreme" settings; that is, settings involving participants with severe cognitive disabilities or involving unusual stimulus material. FM has, as instance, been successfully applied for analyzing (a) numerosity judgments among children as young as 3 years, (b) area judgment among children and adolescents blind from birth, (c) moral judgment among persons with autism and persons with learning disabilities, (d) performance judgments among completely illiterate peasants living at the border of the Sahara, (f) esthetic emotion associated with music excerpts, and (g) ethical thinking among elderly people who were about to die. The methodological aspects of these studies are presented in great detail and the main findings are discussed. The reasons why FM was successful in uncovering new, sometimes unexpected findings in these settings are discussed, notably: (a) no verbalizations/justifications were asked for; that is, judgment processes were not viewed as intrinsically connected with language, and (b) very concrete, daily life material (concrete scenarios) likely to be understood by everyone was used. 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F, 1863, SENSATION TONE PHYSL Wilkening F., 2007, TEORIE MODELLI, V12, P41 WILKENING F, 1979, DEV PSYCHOL, V15, P25, DOI 10.1037//0012-1649.15.1.25 Young L, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P8235, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0701408104 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 PU UNIV VALENCIA, DEPT METODOLGIA, FAC PSICOLOGIA PI VALENCIA PA AVDO BLASCO IBANEZ, 21, VALENCIA, 46010, SPAIN SN 0211-2159 J9 PSICOLOGICA JI Psicologica PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3 SI 2 BP 631 EP 654 PG 24 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 016RI UT WOS:000309536500014 ER PT J AU Oppenheim, D Koren-Karie, N Dolev, S Yirmiya, N AF Oppenheim, David Koren-Karie, Nina Dolev, Smadar Yirmiya, Nurit TI Maternal sensitivity mediates the link between maternal insightfulness/resolution and child-mother attachment: the case of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder SO ATTACHMENT & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE attachment; Autism Spectrum Disorder; maternal sensitivity; insightfulness; resolution of diagnosis ID INTERNAL EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; PRESCHOOLERS; RESOLUTION; SECURITY AB This study examined the hypothesis that maternal sensitivity mediates the association between maternal Insightfulness/Resolution and child attachment in a sample of preschool age boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This study used the Insightfulness Assessment to assess insightfulness and the Reaction to Diagnosis Interview to assess mothers' resolution. Maternal sensitivity was assessed from mother-child play observations, and the security of children's attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure. The results supported the mediation model, and their implications for attachment research, research on intervention in autism, and clinical work are discussed. C1 [Oppenheim, David] Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Oppenheim, David; Koren-Karie, Nina; Dolev, Smadar] Univ Haifa, Ctr Study Child Dev, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Koren-Karie, Nina] Univ Haifa, Sch Social Work, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Dolev, Smadar] Univ Haifa, Oranim Acad Coll Educ, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. [Yirmiya, Nurit] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Psychol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Oppenheim, D (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel. 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PY 2012 VL 14 IS 6 BP 567 EP 584 DI 10.1080/14616734.2012.727256 PG 18 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 030TE UT WOS:000310592200003 PM 23106179 ER PT J AU McDonald, ME Pace, D Blue, E Schwartz, D AF McDonald, Mary E. Pace, Darra Blue, Elfreda Schwartz, Diane TI Critical Issues in Causation and Treatment of Autism: Why Fads Continue to Flourish SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; evidence-based practice; diet; intervention; parent ID DOLPHIN-ASSISTED THERAPY; SYNTHETIC HUMAN SECRETIN; FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FLAWED CONCLUSIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHILDREN; VACCINES; THIMEROSAL AB The increasing incidence of autism and the lack of specific answers regarding causation have given rise to unproven educational interventions and medical treatments. Parents of a newly diagnosed child can easily fall prey to interventions that promise cures. These interventions may be harmful and, thus, pose one of the critical issues in special education today. This article will discuss some of the suspect interventions that have been popularized through the media (i.e., celebrities, journalists, and professional organizations). The authors argue that using the scientific method is clearly the antidote for pseudoscience; the need for accurate research-based decision making is apparent. C1 [McDonald, Mary E.; Pace, Darra; Blue, Elfreda; Schwartz, Diane] Hofstra Univ, Dept Counseling Res Special Educ & Rehabil, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. RP McDonald, ME (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, CRSR Dept, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP 290 EP 304 DI 10.1080/07317107.2012.732849 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 033OJ UT WOS:000310807100002 ER PT J AU de Boer, A Pijl, SJ Minnaert, A AF de Boer, Anke Pijl, Sip Jan Minnaert, Alexander TI Students' Attitudes towards Peers with Disabilities: A review of the literature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION LA English DT Review DE attitudes; behavioural problems; disabilities; inclusive education; peers; regular primary education; social participation; special educational needs ID CHILDRENS ATTITUDES; SOCIAL-STATUS; INTERVENTION; INFORMATION; INCLUSION; AUTISM; PERCEPTIONS; EDUCATION; CONTACT; SCHOOL AB The trend towards inclusive education has led to an increase of studies focusing on peer attitudes. This review study presents an overview of studies describing attitudes of students, variables relating to students' attitudes, and the relationship between students' attitudes and the social participation of peers with disabilities. Based on a literature search we selected 20 studies that were conducted in seven different countries. Outcomes were described in terms of negative, neutral or positive according to three attitude components (cognitive, affective and behavioural). The results show that students generally hold neutral attitudes towards peers with disabilities. Several variables were found relating to their attitudes (i.e., gender, age, experience with and knowledge about disabilities, parental influence). Moreover, the results indicate that attitudes of peers relate to the social participation of students with disabilities. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of promoting positive attitudes of peers. C1 [de Boer, Anke; Pijl, Sip Jan; Minnaert, Alexander] Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. [Pijl, Sip Jan] Norwegian Univ Technol & Sci, Trondheim, Norway. RP de Boer, A (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. EM anke.de.boer@rug.nl CR Agaliotis I., 2009, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V24, P213, DOI [10.1080/08856250902793701, DOI 10.1080/08856250902793701] Aluede O., 2008, J INSTRUCTIONAL PSYC, V35, P151 Arampatzi A, 2011, INT J SPECIAL ED, V26, P58 Batstra L, 2012, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V54, P492, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04176.x Beck A., 2000, AUGMENTATIVE ALTERNA, V16, P13, DOI 10.1080/07434610012331278874 Bramston P., 2002, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V49, P385, DOI 10.1080/1034912022000028358 Campbell JM, 2004, RES DEV DISABIL, V25, P321, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.01.005 Chamberlain B, 2007, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V37, P230, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0164-4 De Boer A. 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TI Stressful life events and daily stressors affect awakening cortisol level in midlife mothers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders SO AGING & MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE stress; caregivers; cortisol ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SALIVARY CORTISOL; PARENTAL LOSS; HEALTH; ADULTS; HYPOCORTISOLISM; AXIS; HOME; AGE; INTERVENTION AB Objectives: The current study examines the awakening cortisol level in midlife mothers (M = 51.4 years old, SD = 8.4) of individuals (M = 22.1 years old, SD = 7.1) with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) under stressful conditions that are not specific to their son or daughter's ASD symptoms. Methods: In addition to completing a set of questionnaires and in-home interviews, 82 mothers from the Adolescents and Adults with Autism Study (AAA) participated in a Daily Diary Study. Results: Findings from the multilevel models indicated that mothers who previously were exposed to no negative life events in the previous period had an increased awakening cortisol level on days following a greater number and more severe stressors, a normative stress response. In contrast, we observed a flatter cortisol level of daily stressors in mothers who experienced a greater number of negative life events in the previous period. Conclusion: These findings highlight the sustained toll that global and everyday stressors have on awakening cortisol level of midlife and aging mothers of individuals with ASD. C1 [Wong, Jen D.; Seltzer, Marsha M.; Greenberg, Jan S.; Hong, Jinkuk] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Almeida, David M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wong, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI USA. 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Health PY 2012 VL 16 IS 8 BP 939 EP 949 DI 10.1080/13607863.2012.688191 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 022FO UT WOS:000309941200001 PM 22640177 ER PT J AU Knaus, TA Tager-Flusberg, H Foundas, AL AF Knaus, Tracey A. Tager-Flusberg, Helen Foundas, Anne L. TI Sylvian fissure and parietal anatomy in children with autism spectrum disorder SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; parietal; Sylvian fissure; MRI; language; asymmetry ID MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; CORTICAL THICKNESS; ASYMMETRY; MORPHOLOGY; IMITATION; RECOGNITION; MORPHOMETRY; IMPAIRMENT; HANDEDNESS AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social functioning and language and communication. with restricted interests or stereotyped behaviors. Anatomical differences have been found in the parietal cortex in children with ASD, but parietal subregions and associations between Sylvian fissure (SF) and parietal anatomy have not been explored. In this study, SF length and anterior and posterior parietal volumes were measured on MRI in 30 right-handed boys with ASD and 30 right-handed typically developing boys (7-14 years), matched on age and non-verbal IQ. There was leftward SF and anterior parietal asymmetry. and rightward posterior parietal asymmetry, across groups. There were associations between SF and parietal asymmetries, with slight group differences. Typical SF asymmetry was associated with typical anterior and posterior parietal asymmetry. in both groups. In the atypical SF asymmetry group, controls had atypical parietal asymmetry, whereas in ASD there were more equal numbers of individuals with typical as atypical anterior parietal asymmetry. We did not find significant anatomical-behavioral associations. Our findings of more individuals in the ASD group having a dissociation between cortical asymmetries warrants further investigation of these subgroups and emphasizes the importance of investigating anatomical relationships in addition to group differences in individual regions. C1 [Foundas, Anne L.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Tager-Flusberg, Helen] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Knaus, Tracey A.; Foundas, Anne L.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Brain & Behav Program, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Knaus, TA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Hosp New Orleans, Brain & Behav Program,Dept Neurol, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM tknaus@lsuhsc.edu FU National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [U19 DC 03610]; NICHD/NIDCD; Boston University School of Medicine [M01-RR0533] FX This study was supported by a program project grant from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (U19 DC 03610), which is part of the NICHD/NIDCD funded Collaborative Programs on Excellence in Autism, as well as funding for the GCRC at Boston University School of Medicine (M01-RR0533). We thank all of our research assistants for help in collecting the data and Andrew Silver, Melanee Schuring, Danielle Delosh, and Jeremy Siegal for completing the total hemisphere measurements. We also extend our sincere gratitude to the children and families who participated in this study. 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Psychol. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 3 BP 457 EP 486 PG 30 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 020JX UT WOS:000309805900006 PM 22947672 ER PT J AU Thompson, SA AF Thompson, S. Anthony TI A queer circle of friends, indeed! The school social as intervention or as movement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Circles of Friends; gay-straight alliances; dis/abling pedagogy; queer pedagogy ID DISABILITY; INCLUSION; CHILDREN; LESSONS; AUTISM AB The purpose of this paper to present two approaches intended to support the social lives of those typically on the borders of school life. Circles of friends (CoFs) was designed to assist students labelled with disabilities, while Gay-straight alliances (GSAs) addresses needs of supporting students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, two-spirited (gay/lesbian/bisexual First Nations people), queer and/or those questioning their sexual identity (LGBTTQQ). In laying out these approaches side by side, I argue that CoFs constitute a dis/abling pedagogy breed acquiescence, further pathologise students and create essentialised identification for all students. GSAs, in contrast, are constitutive of a queer pedagogy and promote active, agentive, healthy more complex identities. In short, CoFs are critiqued through GSAs and implications for inclusive schooling are explored. C1 Univ Regina, Fac Educ, Dept Educ Psychol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Thompson, SA (reprint author), Univ Regina, Fac Educ, Dept Educ Psychol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. 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PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 985 EP 1000 DI 10.1080/13603116.2010.538864 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 019AC UT WOS:000309708300002 ER PT J AU Keane, E Aldridge, FJ Costley, D Clark, T AF Keane, Elaine Aldridge, Fiona Jane Costley, Debra Clark, Trevor TI Students with autism in regular classes: a long-term follow-up study of a satellite class transition model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorders; inclusive education; transition ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING CHILDREN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INCLUSION AB Students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are increasingly being educated within mainstream schools. While there is often an assumption that students with ASD who are academically capable will succeed in an inclusive educational placement, previous research has indicated that this is not always the case. Indeed, it seems that students with ASDs are often not equipped to cope with the social and communication demands of a mainstream classroom. Autism Spectrum Australia's (Aspect) satellite class programme aims to address this gap by blending specialised intervention with strategies to prepare students and receiving schools for transition to more inclusive educational placements. A long-term follow-up study comprising a parent survey of satellite class graduates and four detailed case studies was undertaken to determine whether these classes led to successful placement of students with ASD in more inclusive educational settings. Results indicated that a majority of graduates remained placed in more inclusive educational settings. Overall, parents were satisfied with the programme. Attendance at a satellite class was just one of a number of factors associated with positive outcomes in late adolescence. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for teachers and school staff planning for and supporting students with ASDs in their transition to inclusive educational settings. C1 [Keane, Elaine; Aldridge, Fiona Jane; Costley, Debra; Clark, Trevor] Autism Spectrum Australia Aspect, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Costley, D (reprint author), Autism Spectrum Australia Aspect, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM dcostley@autismspectrum.org.au CR (APA) APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Attwood T., 2007, COMPLETE GUIDE ASPER Barton L., 1997, INT J INCLUSIVE EDUC, V1, P243 Bauminger N, 2002, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V32, P283, DOI 10.1023/A:1016378718278 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009, MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W, V58, P1 Crisman B. W., 2008, PRINCIPAL, P28 Department of Education and Science in Ireland, 2006, EV ED PROV CHILDR AU Ferguson D. L, 2008, EUROPEAN J SPECIAL N, V23, P109, DOI DOI 10.1080/08856250801946236 Giangreco M. 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PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1001 EP 1017 DI 10.1080/13603116.2010.538865 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 019AC UT WOS:000309708300003 ER PT J AU Strieker, T Logan, K Kuhel, K AF Strieker, Toni Logan, Kent Kuhel, Karen TI Effects of job-embedded professional development on inclusion of students with disabilities in content area classrooms: results of a three-year study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE professional development; special education; co-teaching; inclusion ID GENERAL-EDUCATION; MILD DISABILITIES; TEACHERS; CURRICULUM; PROGRAMS; MODELS AB During the mid-1990s, members of the global education community issued the Salamanca Statement that described inclusive schools as effective educational environments that also combat discrimination. Since that time, considerable progress has been made in moving students with disabilities from separate placements to inclusive settings. In the USA, nearly 10% of the school-aged population needs special education services and of that group, 96% are educated in general education classrooms 80% of the time. Placement of such large numbers of students with disabilities has increased the diversity of the student body and the complexity of teaching of core curriculum. For teachers and students to be successful, teachers need on-going professional development. This paper explores the efficacy of a Job-Embedded Professional Development (JEPD) model in six schools (urban, suburban and rural) that had made a commitment towards including all students with significant disabilities in general education core curriculum. Results are discussed for the six schools as well as for students identified as displaying behaviour disorders, autism or intellectual disabilities. C1 [Kuhel, Karen] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Inclus Educ, Kennesaw, GA USA. [Logan, Kent] DeKalb Cty Sch Dist, Greater Atlanta Metropolitan Area, Kennesaw, GA USA. [Strieker, Toni] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Secondary & Middle Grades, Kennesaw, GA USA. RP Kuhel, K (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Inclus Educ, Kennesaw, GA USA. EM kkuhel@kennesaw.edu CR Ainscow M., 1999, UNDERSTANDING DEV IN Calhoun E.F., 1994, ANN M AM ED RES ASS Calhoun E.F., 1994, USE ACTION RES SELF Carr J.F., 2005, CREATING DYNAMIC SCH Chen HT, 2005, PRACTICAL PROGRAM EV Danielson C., 2002, ENHANCING STUDENT AC Darling-Hammond L, 2009, EDUC LEADERSHIP, V66, P46 Dunne F., 2000, PHI DELTA KAPPA INT, V28, P9 Engstrom M.E., 2006, CLEARING HOUSE J ED, V79, P170, DOI 10.3200/TCHS.79.4.170-173 Ertmer PA, 2005, ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES, V53, P25, DOI 10.1007/BF02504683 Forlin C, 2001, EDUC RES, V43, P235, DOI 10.1080/00131880110081017 Forlin C, 2007, ASIA PAC EDUC REV, V8, P276 Freeman SFN, 2000, REM SPEC EDUC, V21, P3, DOI 10.1177/074193250002100102 Friend M., 2008, J CURRICULUM INSTRUC, V2, P9 Friend M., 2010, SPECIAL ED CONT PERS Fuchs D., 1991, BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS, V16, P133 GERSTEN R, 1990, REM SPEC EDUC, V11, P50 Giangreco MF, 2001, J ASSOC PERS SEVERE, V26, P75, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.26.2.75 Hunt P, 1997, J SPEC EDUC, V31, P3 Guskey T. 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J. Incl. Educ. PY 2012 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1047 EP 1065 DI 10.1080/13603116.2010.538868 PG 19 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 019AC UT WOS:000309708300006 ER PT J AU Lin, CL Min, YF Chou, LW Lin, CK AF Lin, Chien-Lin Min, Yu-Fan Chou, Li-Wei Lin, Chin-Kai TI Effectiveness of sensory processing strategies on activity level in inclusive preschool classrooms SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE activity level; preschool inclusive classroom; sensory integration dysfunction; sensory processing strategy ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; OCCUPATIONAL-THERAPY; ATTENTION DIFFICULTIES; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; MODULATION DISORDER; WEIGHTED VEST; CHILDREN; AUTISM; TASK; ENGAGEMENT AB Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sensory processing strategies in improving the activity level of children with sensory integration dysfunction. Methods: The study used a matching-only pretest-posttest control group design, which requires random matching of sensory integration dysfunction to the corresponding intervention group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). The intervention group comprised 3-6-year-old children who received an 8-week school-day intervention during implementation of the theme curriculum. Results: The 8-week treatment significantly reduced the activity level and foot-swinging episodes in children with sensory integration dysfunction, and obtained a medium-effect size. However, the level of improvement in the control group did not show any statistically significant change. Conclusion: Sensory processing strategies could improve activity levels in children with sensory integration dysfunction. However, this study was unable to exclude a developmental effect. The social validity results show that sensory processing strategies can be integrated into the theme curriculum and improve activity levels in children. C1 [Lin, Chien-Lin; Chou, Li-Wei] China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Taichung, Taiwan. [Lin, Chien-Lin; Chou, Li-Wei] China Med Univ, Sch Chinese Med, Coll Chinese Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Min, Yu-Fan] Faith Hope & Love Ctr Children & Adults Disabil, Taichung, Taiwan. [Lin, Chin-Kai] Natl Taichung Univ Educ, Dept Early Childhood Educ, Program Early Intervent, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Lin, CK (reprint author), 140 Min Shen Rd, Taichung 40306, Taiwan. EM linchinkai97@gmail.com RI Chou, Li-Wei/M-6409-2013 OI Chou, Li-Wei/0000-0002-3540-6225 CR Ahn RR, 2004, AM J OCCUP THER, V58, P287 Ayres A. 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There are no software systems supporting such a complex therapy either in Polish or international ABA rehabilitation centers. This article presents an idea of an integrated system to help managing the vast amount of data collected during behavioral therapy. There are four main modules in the system: a database containing therapy data, system for data analysis based on machine learning techniques, an expert system to support therapist and a semantic based search. C1 [Adamus, Ewa; Kolodziejczyk, Joanna] W Pomeranian Univ Technol, Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Katedra Metod Sztucznej Inteligencji & Matematyki, PL-70210 Szczecin, Poland. RP Adamus, E (reprint author), W Pomeranian Univ Technol, Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Katedra Metod Sztucznej Inteligencji & Matematyki, Ul Zolnierska 49, PL-70210 Szczecin, Poland. 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TI More consistent, yet less sensitive: Interval timing in autism spectrum disorders SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Communication; Interval timing; Time perception; Temporal generalization; Cross-modal ID EPISODIC TEMPORAL GENERALIZATION; STIMULUS DURATIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; REFERENCE MEMORY; INTERNAL CLOCK; JUDGED LONGER; HUMANS; TIME; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS AB Even though phenomenological observations and anecdotal reports suggest atypical time processing in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), very few psychophysical studies have investigated interval timing, and the obtained results are contradictory. The present study aimed to clarify which timing processes function atypically in ASD and whether they are related to the ASD diagnostic profile. Visual, auditory, and cross-modal interval timing was assessed in 18 individuals with ASD using a repeated standards version of the temporal generalization task. The use of two different standard durations (600 and 1,000 ms) allowed for an assessment of the scalar property of interval timing in ASD, a fundamental characteristic of interval timing. The ASD group showed clearer adherence to the scalar property of interval timing than the control group. In addition, both groups showed the normal effect that auditory stimuli had longer subjective durations than visual ones. Yet, signal detection analysis showed that the sensitivity of temporal discrimination was reduced in the ASD group across modalities, in particular for auditory standards. Moreover, response criteria in the ASD group were related to symptom strength in the communication domain. The findings suggest that temporal intervals are fundamentally processed in the same way in ASD and TD, but with reduced sensitivity for temporal interval differences in ASD. Individuals with ASD may show a more conservative response strategy due to generally decreased sensitivity for the perception of time intervals. C1 [Falter, Christine M.] Univ Groningen, Dept Clin & Dev Neuropsychol, Groningen, Netherlands. [Falter, Christine M.; Noreika, Valdas] Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oxford, England. [Noreika, Valdas] Univ Turku, Dept Psychol, Ctr Cognit Neurosci, Turku, Finland. [Wearden, John H.] Keele Univ, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Psychol, Keele, Staffs, England. [Bailey, Anthony J.] Univ British Columbia, UBC Inst Mental Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Falter, CM (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Dept Clin & Dev Neuropsychol, Groningen, Netherlands. EM c.m.falter@rug.nl RI Bailey, Anthony/J-2860-2014 OI Bailey, Anthony/0000-0003-4257-972X FU Baily Thomas Charitable Trust; German Research Council (DFG); Finnish National Doctoral Programme of Psychology; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; Academy of Finland; Volkswagen Foundation [I/82 894]; European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action on Time in Mental Activity (TIMELY) [TD0904] FX The authors would like to thank all participants and their parents for their time and commitment. The research reported in this manuscript was funded by The Baily Thomas Charitable Trust. Personally, C.M.F. was supported by a German Research Council (DFG) Fellowship, and V.N. received funding from the Finnish National Doctoral Programme of Psychology, the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, and the Academy of Finland. 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TI GRANDPARENTS OF GRANDCHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD): STRENGTHENING RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID FAMILIES; CHILDREN AB This study of grandparent-grandchild relationships was embedded in the context of technology workshops offered for young children on the autism spectrum. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of six involved grandparents regarding their social interactions with their grandchildren in the context of this shared technology experience. Content analysis of transcribed focus group sessions with the grandparents indicated two key themes: expectations were reframed and communication bridges were built through shared interests. Grandparents perceived that their grandchildren learned technological skills, and increased their social interactions with peers, family members (parents, siblings), and grandparents themselves. 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CR Baggs Amanda, 2012, MY LANGUAGE Calinescu Matei, 2009, MATTHEWS ENIGMA FATH Davis L. J, 2002, BENDING BACKWARDS DI Eakin Paul John, 2004, ETHICS LIFE WRITING Eakin Paul John, 2008, LIVING AUTOBIOGRAPHI Emerson RalphWaldo, 1844, AM TRANSCENDENTALISM Garland-Thomson R, 1996, FREAKERY CULTURAL SP Grandin T, 1996, THINKING PICTURES OT Greenfeld K.T., 2009, BOY ALONE BROTHERS M Ingram R, 2007, UNFITTING STORIES: NARRATIVE APPROACHES TO DISEASE, DISABILITY AND TRAUMA, P237 Lim S., 1996, WHITE MOON FACES ASI Ondaatje Michael, 1982, RUNNING FAMILY NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1448-4528 J9 LIFE WRIT JI Life Writ. PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1080/14484528.2012.712897 PG 9 WC Literature SC Literature GA 019ER UT WOS:000309720400006 ER PT J AU Deriaz, N Willi, JP Orihuela-Flores, M Carminati, GG Ratib, O AF Deriaz, N. Willi, J. P. Orihuela-Flores, M. Carminati, G. Galli Ratib, O. TI Treatment with levetiracetam in a patient with pervasive developmental disorders, severe intellectual disability, self-injurious behavior, and seizures: A case report SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE PDD; ID; Seizure; Self injurious behavior; PET imaging; Levetiracetam ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; CHILDHOOD AUTISM; INFANTILE-AUTISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; EPILEPSY; AGGRESSION; BRAIN AB Pervasive developmental disorder is characterized by various symptoms that often include self-injurious behavior (SIB). Episodes of SIB occur in the context of high emotional arousal, anger, or fear and may be related to epilepsy. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with pervasive developmental disorder presenting with SIB non-responsive to antipsychotic medication. Positron emission tomography showed a right temporoparietal hypometabolic focal lesion suggestive of an epileptic focus. Two weeks after initiation of levetiracetam (Keppra (R)), SIB disappeared, without recurrence 24 months later. Levetiracetam (Keppra (R)) may be beneficial for such patients. C1 [Deriaz, N.; Orihuela-Flores, M.; Carminati, G. Galli] Univ Hosp Geneva, Serv Adult Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Mental Dev Psychiat Unit, Geneva, Switzerland. [Willi, J. P.; Ratib, O.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Nucl Med Serv, Dept Radiol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Carminati, GG (reprint author), Univ Hosp Geneva, Serv Adult Psychiat, Dept Psychiat, Mental Dev Psychiat Unit, Geneva, Switzerland. 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Austin, David W. TI Maternal transfer of mercury to the developing embryo/fetus: is there a safe level? SO TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; pregnancy; fetus; placental transfer; mercury in fish; vaccines ID THIMEROSAL-CONTAINING VACCINES; INFANTS; AUTISM; METHYLMERCURY; ACRODYNIA; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; DISEASE; RISK; FISH AB Mercury (Hg) exposure is ubiquitous in modern society via vaccines, fish/crustacea, dental amalgam, food, water, and the atmosphere. This article examines Hg exposure in the context of primary exposure to pregnant women and secondary exposure experienced by their unborn babies. Babies in utero are particularly at risk of higher Hg exposure than adults (on a dose/weight basis through maternal Hg transfer via the placenta), and are more susceptible to adverse effects from mercury and its biologically active compounds. It is, therefore, critical that regulatory advisories around maximum safe Hg exposures account for pregnant women and secondary exposure that children in utero experience. This study focused on standardized embryonic and fetal Hg exposures via primary exposure to the pregnant mother of two common Hg sources (dietary fish and parenteral vaccines). Data demonstrated that Hg exposures, particularly during the first trimester of pregnancy, at well-established dose/weight ratios produced severe damage to humans including death. In light of research suggestive of a mercuric risk factor for childhood conditions such as tic disorders, cerebral palsy, and autism, it is essential that Hg advisories account for secondary prenatal human exposures. C1 [Brown, Ian A.] Hg Recoveries Pty Ltd, Pakenham Upper, Vic, Australia. [Austin, David W.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Brain & Psychol Sci Res Ctr, Swinburne Autism Biores Initiat, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Brown, IA (reprint author), Hg Recoveries Pty Ltd, Pakenham Upper, Vic, Australia. 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Chem. PY 2012 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1610 EP 1627 DI 10.1080/02772248.2012.724574 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 018ZW UT WOS:000309707700013 ER PT J AU Prihodova, I Koumarova, L Nevsimalova, S Ruzicka, E AF Prihodova, I. Koumarova, L. Nevsimalova, S. Ruzicka, E. TI Motor Stereotypies in Childhood - Case Reports SO CESKA A SLOVENSKA NEUROLOGIE A NEUROCHIRURGIE LA Czech DT Article DE primary motor stereotypies; common stereotypies; head nodding; complex stereotypies; secondary motor stereotypies; complex tics AB Motor stereotypies are involuntary purposeless coordinated movements manifesting in a certain fixed pattern. Stereotypic movements classified as secondary, pathological stereotypies are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism, mental retardation, Rett syndrome) and sensory impairment. Motor stereotypies can also appear in many typically developing children (primary, physiological stereotypies). Primary stereotypies usually begin before three years of age. According to the type of movement they are categorized into three subgroups - common stereotypies, head nodding and complex stereotypies. Differential diagnosis involves tics, epileptic automatisms, paroxysmal dyskinesias and in the case of head nodding also structural brain lesions, Sandifer syndrome or spasmus nutans. Motor stereotypies are benign movements but they can persist into adulthood. Comorbidities with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tics and other psychiatric disorders (anxiety, obsessive - compulsive disorder) have been described. We present case reports with various types of primary stereotypies (including videorecordings) and an overview of differential diagnostics and literature. C1 1 LF UK & VFN Praze, Ctr klin Neuroved, Prague, Czech Republic. 1 LF UK & VFN Praze, Neurol Klin, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Prihodova, I (reprint author), 1 LF UK & VFN, Neurol klin, Katerinska 30, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. EM iprih@lf1.cuni.cz CR Bonnet C, 2010, MOVEMENT DISORD, V25, P1317, DOI 10.1002/mds.22944 DICKSON PR, 1994, NEUROSCIENCE, V61, P81, DOI 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90062-0 Horinek D, 2007, CESK SLOV NEUROL N, V70, P88 Kates WR, 2005, PEDIATR NEUROL, V32, P109, DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.09.005 Muchova M, 2009, NEUROL PRAX, V10, P39 Rapp JT, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P548, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.11.006 Ruzika E, 2002, DYSKINETICKE SYNDROM, P167 Singer HS, 2010, MOVEMENT DISORDERS C, P56 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 PU CZECH MEDICAL SOC PI PRAGUE 2 PA SOKOLSKA 31, PRAGUE 2 120 26, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1210-7859 J9 CESK SLOV NEUROL N JI Cesk. Slov. Neurol. Neurochir. PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 621 EP 625 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 010IJ UT WOS:000309087800014 ER PT J AU Neal, D Matson, JL Hattier, MA AF Neal, Daniene Matson, Johnny L. Hattier, Megan A. TI A comparison of diagnostic criteria on the Autism Spectrum Disorder Observation for Children (ASD-OC) SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism; ASD-OC; diagnostic criteria; DSM-5; child observation ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SOCIAL-SKILLS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; ASPERGERS-SYNDROME; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PDD-NOS; DSM-IV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE AB Background: The Autism Spectrum Disorder Observation for Children (ASD-OC) is a new observation scale used to assess autistic symptomatology. As the publication of the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is approaching, exploring the effect of the changing DSM criteria has begun to occur. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare severity of autistic impairment in children diagnosed with either the DSM-IV-TR or the DSM-5. Methods: ASD-OC total scores were compared between 63 children (3-15 years) in one of three groups: DSM-IV-TR group, DSM-5 group or control group. Results: The DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR groups evinced significantly higher ASD-OC scores as compared to the control group; however, there were no significant differences between the DSM-5 and DSM-IV-TR groups in symptom severity. Conclusion: Many children who are currently diagnosed with ASD may no longer be diagnosed, despite having significant impairments roughly equal to those who meet DSM-5 criteria. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM johnmatson@aol.com CR APA, 1987, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT (APA) APA, 2000, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Association AP, 2010, AUT SPECTR DIS DSM 5 Association AP, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT Association. 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 5 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.697492 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 015EN UT WOS:000309428400003 PM 22909153 ER PT J AU Jurgens, A Anderson, A Moore, DW AF Jurgens, Anneke Anderson, Angelika Moore, Dennis W. TI Parent-implemented Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) training: An analysis of YouTube videos SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Picture Exchange Communication System/PECS; procedural integrity/treatment fidelity; parent training ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ACQUISITION; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTIONS; PRESCHOOLERS; METAANALYSIS AB Purpose: To investigate the integrity with which parents and carers implement PECS in naturalistic settings, utilizing a sample of videos obtained from YouTube. Methods: Twenty-one YouTube videos meeting selection criteria were identified. The videos were reviewed for instances of seven implementer errors and, where appropriate, presence of a physical prompter. Results: Forty-three per cent of videos and 61% of PECS exchanges contained errors in parent implementation of specific teaching strategies of the PECS training protocol. Vocal prompts, incorrect error correction and the absence of timely reinforcement occurred most frequently, while gestural prompts, insistence on speech, incorrect use of the open hand prompt and not waiting for the learner to initiate occurred less frequently. Conclusions: Results suggest that parents engage in vocal prompting and incorrect use of the 4-step error correction strategy when using PECS with their children, errors likely to result in prompt dependence. C1 [Jurgens, Anneke; Anderson, Angelika; Moore, Dennis W.] Monash Univ, Krongold Ctr, Fac Educ, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Jurgens, A (reprint author), Monash Univ, Krongold Ctr, Fac Educ, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. 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M., ED PSYCHOL IN PRESS Waddington EM, 2009, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V3, P809, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.03.002 Zingerevich C., 2009, RES AUTISM SPECTRUM, V3 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0141-1926 J9 BRIT EDUC RES J JI Br. Educ. Res. J. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 5 BP 749 EP 763 DI 10.1080/01411926.2011.580048 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 008SV UT WOS:000308977800003 ER PT J AU Oslejskova, H Kubickova, K Foglova, J Hanakova, P Makovska, Z Pavlik, T Dolezel, Z AF Oslejskova, H. Kubickova, K. Foglova, J. Hanakova, P. Makovska, Z. Pavlik, T. Dolezel, Z. TI An Association between Neonatal Jaundice and Autism SO CESKA A SLOVENSKA NEUROLOGIE A NEUROCHIRURGIE LA Czech DT Article DE autism; pathological neonatal jaundice; physiological neonatal jaundice; hyperbilirubinemia ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; RISK AB Introduction: Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) include neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, communication and stereotyped patterns of behaviour and interests. The aetiology of autism is not fully understood, although both genetic and non-genetic factors are believed to be involved. Pathological neonatal jaundice (PNI) has been considered as a potential cause. Aim of study: The main aim of this study was to determine an association between PNI and autism in full-term and preterm infants. Material and methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed at the Department of Paediatric Neurology and Department of Paediatric Internal Medicine in Brno. The subjects were 328 patients, who had been diagnosed with ASD between 1999 and 2011. Medical records of 402 gender- and age-matched controls without the diagnosis of autism who were examined at the Department of Paediatric Internal Medicine, were also reviewed. Results: The autistic group had noticeable PNI in 17.1% (49/287) full-term infants and 29.3% (12/41) preterm infants. The control group had PNI in 9.5% (35/367) full-term infants and 45.7% (16/35) preterm infants. There was a statistically significant association between neonatal jaundice and autism in full-term infants (OR = 1.95, 95% Cl 1.23-3.10, p = 0.005). The association between neonatal jaundice and autism in preterm infants was not confirmed (OR = 0.49; 95% Cl 0.25-1.33; p = 0.255). Conclusion: The study is the first to describe the association between PNI and autism in the Czech Republic and further studies will be necessary to confirm the results. C1 [Oslejskova, H.; Hanakova, P.; Makovska, Z.] LF MU & FN Brno, Klin Detske Neurol, Ctr Pro Epileptol & Epileptochirurgii LF MU, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Kubickova, K.; Foglova, J.] LF MU, Brno, Czech Republic. [Dolezel, Z.] LF MU & FN Brno, Pediat Klin, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. [Pavlik, T.] Inst Biostat & Anal LF MU, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Oslejskova, H (reprint author), LF MU & FN Brno, Klin Detske Neurol, Ctr Pro Epileptol & Epileptochirurgii LF MU, Cernopolni 9, Brno 61300, Czech Republic. 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M., 2000, EARLY IDENTIFICATION NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ACADEMIA PI PRAGUE 1 PA PUBL HOUSE CZECH ACAD SCI VODICKOVA 40, PRAGUE 1 112 29, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0009-062X J9 CESK PSYCHOL JI Cesk. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 56 IS 4 BP 343 EP 352 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 010IU UT WOS:000309088900004 ER PT J AU Eigsti, IM Schuh, J Mencl, E Schultz, RT Paul, R AF Eigsti, Inge-Marie Schuh, Jillian Mencl, Einar Schultz, Robert T. Paul, Rhea TI The neural underpinnings of prosody in autism SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Prosody; Language; fMRI; Theory of mind ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; EMOTIONAL PROSODY; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NORMAL-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; LANGUAGE; COMPREHENSION; SPEECH AB This study examines the processing of prosodic cues to linguistic structure and to affect, drawing on fMRI and behavioral data from 16 high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 11 typically developing controls. Stimuli were carefully matched on pitch, intensity, and duration, while varying systematically in conditions of affective prosody (angry versus neutral speech) and grammatical prosody (questions versus statement). To avoid conscious attention to prosody, which normalizes responses in young people with ASD, the implicit comprehension task directed attention to semantic aspects of the stimuli. Results showed that when perceiving prosodic cues, both affective and grammatical, activation of neural regions was more generalized in ASD than in typical development, and areas recruited reflect heightened reliance on cognitive control, reading of intentions, attentional management, and visualization. This broader recruitment of executive and "mind-reading" brain areas for a relative simple language-processing task may be interpreted to suggest that speakers with high-functioning autism (HFA) have developed less automaticity in language processing and may also suggest that "mind-reading" or theory of mind deficits are intricately bound up in language processing. Data provide support for both a right-lateralized as well as a bilateral model of prosodic processing in typical individuals, depending upon the function of the prosodic information. C1 [Eigsti, Inge-Marie; Schuh, Jillian] Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06250 USA. [Schuh, Jillian] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurol FWC, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Mencl, Einar] Yale Univ, Haskins Labs, New Haven, CT USA. [Schultz, Robert T.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Autism Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Paul, Rhea] Yale Univ, Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. RP Eigsti, IM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,U-1020, Storrs, CT 06250 USA. EM inge-marie.eigsti@uconn.edu FU NIMH [P01 HD003008-38] FX We would like to acknowledge funding from NIMH P01 HD003008-38 (Project 3, Rhea Paul, PI); the work of Lauren Berkovits and Elinora Hunyadi; and the time and energy of the families who participated in this research. 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TI On the ontological status of autism: the 'double empathy problem' SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE autism; empathy; reciprocity; inter-subjectivity; phenomenology; disablement AB In recent decades there has been much debate over the ontological status of autism and other neurological 'disorders', diagnosed by behavioural indicators, and theorised primarily within the field of cognitive neuroscience and psychological paradigms. Such cognitive-behavioural discourses abstain from acknowledging the universal issue of relationality and interaction in the formation of a contested and constantly reconstructed social reality, produced through the agency of its 'actors'. The nature of these contested interactions will be explored in this current issues piece through the use of the term the 'double empathy problem', and how such a rendition produces a critique of autism being defined as a deficit in 'theory of mind', re-framing such issues as a question of reciprocity and mutuality. In keeping with other autistic self-advocates, this piece will refer to 'autistic people', and 'those who identify as on the autism spectrum', rather than 'people with autism'. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Autism Ctr Educ Res ACER, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Milton, DEM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Autism Ctr Educ Res ACER, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 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PY 2012 VL 27 IS 6 BP 883 EP 887 DI 10.1080/09687599.2012.710008 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 010DM UT WOS:000309074900011 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, A Hanak, N Vukosavljevic-Gvozden, T Opacic, G AF Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar Hanak, Natasa Vukosavljevic-Gvozden, Tatjana Opacic, Goran TI Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Version of the Empathy Quotient (S-EQ) SO PSIHOLOGIJA LA English DT Article DE Empathy Quotient; Serbian version; psychometric properties; Interpersonal Reactivity Index ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; FIT INDEXES; ADULTS; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION AB In the present study we examined psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the Empathy Quotient scale (S-EQ). The translated version of the EQ was applied on a sample of 694 high-school students. A sub-sample consisting of 375 high-school students also completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), another widely used empathy measure. The following statistical analyses were applied: internal consistency analysis, explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses, and factor congruence analysis. Correlation with IRI and gender differences were calculated to demonstrate validity of the instrument. Results show that the Serbian 40-item version of EQ has lower reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .782) than the original. The originally proposed one factor structure of the instrument was not confirmed. The short version with 28 items showed better reliablity (alpha = .807). The three-factor solution (cognitive empathy, emotional reactivity, and social skills) showed good cross-sample stability (Tucker congruence coefficient over .8) but the results of CFA confirmed the solution proposed in the reviewed literature only partially. The mean scores are similar to those obtained in the other studies, and, as expected, women have significantly higher scores than men. Correlations with all subscales of IRI are statistically significant for the first two subscales of EQ, but not for the "social skills." We concluded that the Serbian version of the "Empathy Quotient" is a useful research tool which can contribute to cross-cultural studies of empathy, although its psychometric characteristics are not as good as those obtained in the original study. We also suggest that a 28-item should be used preferably to the original 40-item version. C1 [Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar; Vukosavljevic-Gvozden, Tatjana; Opacic, Goran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Psychol, Fac Philosophy, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Hanak, Natasa] Univ Belgrade, Fac Special Educ & Rehabil, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. RP Dimitrijevic, A (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Dept Psychol, Fac Philosophy, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. 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The purpose of this study was to gain in-depth knowledge about contextual factors, which contribute to successful labor market participation in some adults with AS. Participants: This study was conducted by indepth-interviewing six adults with AS working in the competitive job market in Switzerland. Methods: A developmental and hermeneutic narrative approach was used for data collection and analysis. Two in-depth narrative interviews were conducted with each participant. A narrative analysis according to the theories of Paul Ricoeur was performed. Results: Results showed that participants received pre-vocational requisites during their childhood through parents and friends that provided a feeling of security in social contexts. For participants, a supportive school setting resulted in academic achievements. The narratives reveal participants' capacities for understanding and adapting to social norms. 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Lehmkuhl, Gerd Petermann, Franz TI Neuropsychological Perspectives in Child Psychiatry - a Subject of Attention? SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHIATRIE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Article DE Neuropsychology; child psychiatry; ADHD; assessment; child psychotherapy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS; HYPERKINETIC CONDUCT DISORDER; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADOLESCENT-PSYCHIATRY; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; LONG-TERM; PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AB The prevailing resolution, concerning the acceptance of ambulant neuropsychological therapy realized by therapists with standard approbation and additional neuropsychological qualification reinforces the integration of interdisciplinary approaches in education and practice. In topics of research, neuropsychological issues enhance the understanding of etiology, assessment and therapy of various disorders. To investigate on common issues of neuropsychology and child psychiatry, four German journals were bibliometrically analyzed over the period from 2009 to 2012. In accordance with international trends the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder turns out to be the main common challenge. C1 [Lepach, Anja C.; Petermann, Franz] Univ Bremen, Zentrum Klin Psychol & Rehabil, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Lehmkuhl, Gerd] Univ Cologne, Klin & Poliklin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat, Cologne, Germany. RP Lepach, AC (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Zentrum Klin Psychol & Rehabil, Grazer Str 6, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany. 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Psychiatr. Psychol. Psychother. PY 2012 VL 60 IS 4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1024/1661-4747/a000129 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 003UX UT WOS:000308638000008 ER PT J AU Meulemans, J Goeleven, A Zink, I Loyez, L Lagae, L Debruyne, F AF Meulemans, J. Goeleven, A. Zink, I. Loyez, L. Lagae, L. Debruyne, F. TI Underlying neurological dysfunction in children with language, speech or learning difficulties and a verbal IQ - performance IQ discrepancy SO B-ENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Royal-Belgian-Society-for-Ear-Nose-and-Throat-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY APR 02, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP Royal Belgian Soc Ear, Nose & Throat, Head & Neck Surg DE Brain damage; children; intelligence tests; psychomotor performance ID VIQ-PIQ SPLITS; WAIS-R; MAJOR DEPRESSION; BRAIN-DAMAGE; LATERALITY; LESIONS; AUTISM; INTELLIGENCE; PROFILES AB Underlying neurological dysfitnction in children with language, speech or learning difficulties and a verbal IQ - performance IQ discrepancy. Introduction and aim: We investigated the relationship between possible underlying neurological dysfunction and a significant discrepancy between verbal IQ/performance IQ (VIQ-PIQ) in children with language, speech or learning difficulties. Methods: In a retrospective study, we analysed data obtained from intelligence testing and neurological evaluation in 49 children with a significant VIQ-PIQ discrepancy (>= 25 points) who were referred because of language, speech or learning difficulties to the Multidisciplinary University Centre for Logopedics and Audiology (MUCLA) of the University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium. Results: The group of children broke down into a group of 35 children with PIQ > VIQ and a group of 14 children with VIQ > PIQ. In the first group, neurological data were present for 24 children. The neurological history and clinical neurological examination were normal in all cases. Brain MRI was performed in 15 cases and proved to be normal in all children. Brain activity was assessed with long-term video EEG monitoring in ten children. In two children, the EEG results were abnormal: there was an epileptic focus in one child and a manifest alteration in the EEG typical of Landau-Kleffner syndrome in the other. In the second group of 14 children whose VIQ was higher than the PIQ, neurological data were available for ten children. Neurological history and clinical neurological examination were normal in all cases. Brain MRI was performed in five cases and was normal in all children. EEG monitoring was performed in one child. This revealed benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Conclusions: In a small number of children (9%) with speech, language and learning difficulties and a discrepancy between VIQ and PIQ, an underlying neurological abnormality is present. We recommend referring children with a significant VIQ-PIQ mismatch to a paediatric neurologist. As an epileptic disorder seems to be the most common underlying neurological pathology in this specific group of children, EEG monitoring should be recommended in these children. Neuro-imaging should only be used in selected patients. C1 [Meulemans, J.; Goeleven, A.; Zink, I.; Loyez, L.; Debruyne, F.] Univ Hosp Louvain, Dept Otorhinolaryngol & Head & Neck Surg, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Lagae, L.] Univ Hosp Louvain Gasthuisberg, Dept Paediat Neurol, Heverlee, Belgium. RP Meulemans, J (reprint author), Univ Hosp Louvain, Dept Otorhinolaryngol & Head & Neck Surg, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. 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Sullivan, Sarah Evans, Jonathan Corcoran, Rhiannon Mohr, Christine TI Hemispheric asymmetry and theory of mind: Is there an association? SO COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Functional hemisphere dominance; Schizophrenia; Theory of mind ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; IMPAIRED SOCIAL COGNITION; LANGUAGE LATERALIZATION; PSYCHOMETRIC SCHIZOTYPY; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; BRAIN ASYMMETRY; SEX-DIFFERENCES AB Introduction. In autism and schizophrenia attenuated/atypical functional hemispheric asymmetry and theory of mind impairments have been reported, suggesting common underlying neuroscientific correlates. We here investigated whether impaired theory of mind performance is associated with attenuated/atypical hemispheric asymmetry. An association may explain the co-occurrence of both dysfunctions in psychiatric populations. Methods. Healthy participants (n = 129) performed a left hemisphere (lateralised lexical decision task) and right hemisphere (lateralised face decision task) dominant task as well as a visual cartoon task to assess theory of mind performance. Results. Linear regression analyses revealed inconsistent associations between theory of mind performance and functional hemisphere asymmetry: enhanced theory of mind performance was only associated with (1) faster right hemisphere language processing, and (2) reduced right hemisphere dominance for face processing (men only). Conclusions. The majority of non-significant findings suggest that theory of mind and functional hemispheric asymmetry are unrelated. Instead of "overinterpreting'' the two significant results, discrepancies in the previous literature relating to the problem of the theory of mind concept, the variety of tasks, and the lack of normative data are discussed. We also suggest how future studies could explore a possible link between hemispheric asymmetry and theory of mind. C1 [Herzig, Daniela A.; Mohr, Christine] Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Herzig, Daniela A.; Mohr, Christine] Univ Lausanne, Inst Psychol, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sullivan, Sarah; Evans, Jonathan] Univ Bristol, Acad Unit Psychiat, Sch Social & Community Med, Bristol, Avon, England. [Corcoran, Rhiannon] Univ Nottingham, Sch Community Hlth Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Herzig, DA (reprint author), Room 5190, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. 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Rev. Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 35 BP 49 EP 71 DI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150442 PG 23 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BBR21 UT WOS:000307960400004 PM 22540979 ER PT J AU Bhakar, AL Dolen, G Bear, MF AF Bhakar, Asha L. Dolen, Gul Bear, Mark F. BE Hyman, SE TI The Pathophysiology of Fragile X (and What It Teaches Us about Synapses) SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 35 SE Annual Review of Neuroscience LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE FMRP; metabotropic glutamate receptor; autism; mRNA translation; long-term depression ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; MESSENGER-RNA LOCALIZATION; NEURAL STEM-CELLS; MOUSE MODEL; DEPENDENT TRANSLATION; AMPA RECEPTOR AB Fragile X is the most common known inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, and it typically results from transcriptional silencing of FMR1 and loss of the encoded protein, FMRP ( fragile X mental retardation protein). FMRP is an mRNA-binding protein that functions at many synapses to inhibit local translation stimulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) 1 and 5. Recent studies on the biology of FMRP and the signaling pathways downstream of mGluR1/5 have yielded deeper insight into how synaptic protein synthesis and plasticity are regulated by experience. This new knowledge has also suggested ways that altered signaling and synaptic function can be corrected in fragile X, and human clinical trials based on this information are under way. C1 [Bhakar, Asha L.; Bear, Mark F.] MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dolen, Gul] Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Dev Sci, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. RP Bhakar, AL (reprint author), MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Picower Inst Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 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Rev. Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 35 BP 417 EP 443 DI 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153138 PG 27 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BBR21 UT WOS:000307960400021 PM 22483044 ER PT J AU Giannopulu, I Pradel, G AF Giannopulu, I. Pradel, G. TI From child-robot interaction to child-robot-therapist interaction: A case study in autism SO APPLIED BIONICS AND BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Robot; autism; interaction; rehabilitation; social and emotion behaviour ID FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; AMYGDALA; PERCEPTION AB Troubles in social communication as well as deficits in the cognitive treatment of emotions are supposed to be a fundamental part of autism. We present a case study based on multimodal interaction between a mobile robot and a child with autism in spontaneous, free game play. This case study tells us that the robot mediates the interaction between the autistic child and therapist once the robot-child interaction has been established. In addition, the child uses the robot as a mediator to express positive emotion playing with the therapist. It is thought that the three-pronged interaction i.e., child-robot-therapist could better facilitate the transfer of social and emotional abilities to real life settings. Robot therapy has a high potential to improve the condition of brain activity in autistic children. C1 [Giannopulu, I.] Catholic Univ Paris, CUP EPP, F-75006 Paris, France. [Pradel, G.] Univ Evry Genopole, IBISC FRE CNRS, Lab Comp Sci Integrat Biol & Complex Syst, Paris, France. RP Giannopulu, I (reprint author), Catholic Univ Paris, CUP EPP, 23 Rue Montparnasse, F-75006 Paris, France. EM igiannopulu@psycho-prat.fr FU ANR FX The authors thank ANR for its support. 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This is partly due to the complex genetic architecture of ASD, which involves de novo gene mutations, genomic abnormalities, and common genetic variants. Rather than trying to reconstitute the clinical disorder, using genetic model animals to examine specific features of core ASD pathophysiology offers unique opportunities for refining our understanding of neurodevelopmental mechanisms in ASD. A variety of ASD-relevant phenotypes can now be investigated in rodents, including stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social interaction and communication. In this review, we focus on several prevailing mouse models and discuss how studies have advanced our understanding of synaptic mechanisms that may underlie ASD pathophysiology. 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Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 88 EP 100 DI 10.1159/000336644 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 005IU UT WOS:000308744900002 PM 22572629 ER PT J AU Middleton, FA Varlinskaya, EI Mooney, SM AF Middleton, Frank A. Varlinskaya, Elena I. Mooney, Sandra M. TI Molecular Substrates of Social Avoidance Seen following Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Its Reversal by Social Enrichment SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; Autism; Fetal alcohol syndrome; Behavior; Microarray; Amygdala; Basal ganglia ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; ADULT RATS; REPEATED RESTRAINT; AMYGDALA DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; ANIMAL-MODELS; FEMALE RAT; AUTISM AB Prenatal ethanol exposure is associated with, and is a risk factor for, developmental disorders with abnormal social behaviors, including autism spectrum disorders. We hypothesize that the specific effects of ethanol on social behavior are defined by the timing of the exposure as well as subsequent changes in brain regions such as the amygdala and ventral striatum. We recently reported that in utero ethanol exposure on gestational day 12 alters social behaviors of weanling [postnatal day (P) 28], adolescent (P42), and young adult (P75) rats. Male, but not female, offspring of the ethanol-exposed dams showed significant decreases in social investigation (sniffing of a social partner), contact behavior (grooming or crawling over/under the partner), and play fighting (following, chasing, nape attacks, or pinning) at all ages tested with maximal effects at P28 and P42. Furthermore, ethanol-exposed males and females showed evidence of social avoidance at P42 and P75. The present study sought to test whether a form of social enrichment could normalize any of the social deficits and what the molecular mechanisms of such effects might be. We found that housing rats with nonmanipulated control rats normalized the social avoidance phenotype normally seen when they are housed with sex-matched prenatal ethanol-exposed littermates. There was no mitigation of the other ethanol-induced behavioral deficits. Conversely, male control-treated rats housed with non-littermates showed deficits in play fighting, social investigation and contact behavior. Molecular analyses of the amygdala and ventral striatum of adolescent rats following fetal ethanol exposure indicated several specific neurotransmitter systems and pathways that might underlie the social avoidance phenotype as well as its reversal. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Mooney, Sandra M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Middleton, Frank A.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Varlinskaya, Elena I.; Mooney, Sandra M.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Binghamton, NY USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Varlinskaya, Elena I.; Mooney, Sandra M.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Cortland, NY USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Varlinskaya, Elena I.; Mooney, Sandra M.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Syracuse, NY USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Varlinskaya, Elena I.; Mooney, Sandra M.] Dev Exposure Alcohol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Varlinskaya, Elena I.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Psychol, Ctr Dev & Behav Neurosci, Binghamton, NY USA. RP Mooney, SM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 655 W Baltimore St,BRB 13-041, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM smooney@peds.umaryland.edu FU National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [AA015413, AA018693, AA012453, AA178231]; Autism Speaks FX We thank Renee Mezza, Wendi Burnette, Terri Novak, and Bill Bondi for help with the behavioral testing, and Karen Gentile for RNA purification and microarray processing. This research was supported by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA015413 and AA018693 to S.M.M., AA012453 to E.I.V., and AA178231 to S.M.M., F.A.M., and E.I.V.) and Autism Speaks (S.M.M.). 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D'Arcangelo, Gabriella TI Development and Characterization of NEX-Pten, a Novel Forebrain Excitatory Neuron-Specific Knockout Mouse SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pten; Mammalian target of rapamycin; Glutamate; Autism; Seizure; NMDA receptor; Epilepsy ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; LHERMITTE-DUCLOS-DISEASE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; MAMMALIAN TARGET; CORTICAL DEVELOPMENT; NEGATIVE REGULATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SOMA SIZE; IN-VIVO; BRAIN AB The phosphatase and tensin homolog located on chromosome 10 (PTEN) suppresses the activity of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a signaling cascade critically involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and growth. Human patients carrying germ line PTEN mutations have an increased predisposition to tumors, and also display a variety of neurological symptoms and increased risk of epilepsy and autism, implicating PTEN in neuronal development and function. Consistently, loss of Pten in mouse neural cells results in ataxia, seizures, cognitive abnormalities, increased soma size and synaptic abnormalities. To better understand how Pten regulates the excitability of principal forebrain neurons, a factor that is likely to be altered in cognitive disorders, epilepsy and autism, we generated a novel conditional knockout mouse line (NEX-Pten) in which Cre, under the control of the NEX promoter, drives the deletion of Pten specifically in early post-mitotic, excitatory neurons of the developing forebrain. Homozygous mutant mice exhibited a massive enlargement of the forebrain, and died shortly after birth due to excessive mTOR activation. Analysis of the neonatal cerebral cortex further identified molecular defects resulting from Pten deletion that likely affect several aspects of neuronal development and excitability. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Kazdoba, Tatiana M.; Crowell, Beth; Lee, Gum Hwa; D'Arcangelo, Gabriella] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kazdoba, Tatiana M.; D'Arcangelo, Gabriella] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, Gum Hwa; D'Arcangelo, Gabriella] Rutgers State Univ, Grad Program Mol Biosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sunnen, C. Nicole; Anderson, Anne E.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Cain Fdn Labs, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sunnen, C. Nicole; Anderson, Anne E.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Jan & Dan Neurol Res Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Anderson, Anne E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Anderson, Anne E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sunnen, C. Nicole; Anderson, Anne E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP D'Arcangelo, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM darcangelo@biology.rutgers.edu FU New Jersey Governor's Council for Medical Research and Treatment of Autism; Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy; Epilepsy Foundation; NIH/NINDS [RO1 NS039943, NS049427]; Foundation of UMDNJ Society of Research Scholars; Leathem Steinetz Stauber McCallum 2011 Summer Research Award FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Klaus-Armin Nave and Sandra Goebbels for the gift of NEX-Cre knockin mice, and Prescott Leach for his assistance with statistical analysis and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a Research Grant from the New Jersey Governor's Council for Medical Research and Treatment of Autism and a Challenge Award from the Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy (G.D.), a predoctoral Fellowship from the Epilepsy Foundation (C.N.S.), NIH/NINDS RO1 NS039943 and NS049427 (A.E.A.), the Foundation of UMDNJ Society of Research Scholars and a Leathem Steinetz Stauber McCallum 2011 Summer Research Award (T.M.K.). 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Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 198 EP 209 DI 10.1159/000337229 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 005IU UT WOS:000308744900011 PM 22572802 ER PT J AU Zhang-James, Y Middleton, FA Sagvolden, T Faraone, SV AF Zhang-James, Yanli Middleton, Frank A. Sagvolden, Terje Faraone, Stephen V. TI Differential Expression of SLC9A9 and Interacting Molecules in the Hippocampus of Rat Models for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SLC9A9; Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CHP; RACK1; Hippocampus; Gene expression ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER DENSITY; INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; NA+/H+ EXCHANGER; ANIMAL-MODEL; RECYCLING ENDOSOMES; PH REGULATION; PROTEIN; SYNAPTOPHYSIN AB SLC9A9 [solute carrier family 9, member 9, also known as Na+/H+ exchanger member 9 (NHE9)], has been implicated in human attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and rat studies of hyperactivity and inattentiveness. SLC9A9 is a membrane protein that regulates the luminal pH of the recycling endosome. We recently reported the interactions of SLC9A9 with two molecules: calcineurin homologous protein (CHP) and receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1). We also reported two novel SLC9A9 mutations and abnormal gene expression profiles in the brains of an inattentive type rat model of ADHD (WKY/NCrl rat). In this study, we further examined the expression and relationship of SLC9A9 and 9 additional genes (CHP, RACK1, CaM, PPP3R1, PPP1R10, PKCm, CaMKI, NR2B, PLCb1) that may directly or indirectly interact with SLC9A9 in the hippocampus of the WKY/NCrl rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of the combined type of ADHD. We found that the expression levels of these genes were significantly correlated, suggesting that they may be coregulated. Principal component analysis identified two main factors that accounted for 94% of the expression variance of the 10 genes. Significant differences were found for both factors across the 3 different rat strains. The two ADHD rat models (WKY/NCrl and SHR), although different from each other in adulthood, showed similar profiles in adolescence. Both models were significantly different from WKY/NHsd control rats at both ages. The expression abnormalities of each gene were evaluated and their roles in cell signaling processes such as calcium signaling and protein phosphorylation are discussed. Our results suggest that abnormalities in SLC9A9-mediated signaling pathways could contribute to the ADHD phenotype of two rat models (WKY/NCrl and SHR/NCrl), and that the perturbation of the SLC9A9 network is age-dependent. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Zhang-James, Yanli; Middleton, Frank A.; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Middleton, Frank A.; Faraone, Stephen V.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Sagvolden, Terje] Univ Oslo, Dept Physiol, Oslo, Norway. RP Faraone, SV (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM sfaraone@childpsychresearch.org FU National Institutes of Health [MH668877]; Janssen; Eli Lilly; Shire; Otsuka; Alcobra; McNeil; Novartis; Pfizer FX We thank Karen L. Gentile and Lu Liu for technical assistance, and Cheryl Roe and Dr. Stephen Glatt for statistical advice. This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant MH668877.In previous years, Dr. Sagvolden (deceased) had received consulting fees or research support or has been on Advisory Boards or has been a speaker for: Shire, Janssen, and Eli Lilly. In the past year, Dr. Faraone received consulting income and/or research support from Shire, Otsuka and Alcobra and research support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In previous years, he received consulting fees or was on Advisory Boards or participated in continuing medical education programs sponsored by: Shire, McNeil, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Eli Lilly. Dr. Faraone receives royalties from books published by Guilford Press (Straight Talk about Your Child's Mental Health) and Oxford University Press (Schizophrenia: The Facts). Drs. Middleton and Zhang-James reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. 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TI Sensory and Motor Characterization in the Postnatal Valproate Rat Model of Autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Valproate rat model; Autism spectrum disorders; Sensory and motor performance ID CORTEX IN-VIVO; SPECTRUM DISORDER; BARREL CORTEX; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS; BRAIN POTENTIALS; SODIUM-VALPROATE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; ANIMAL-MODEL; COORDINATION AB Although autism is diagnosed according to three core features of social deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors, other behavioral features such as sensory and motor impairments are present in more than 70% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Exposure of rat pups to the teratogen valproate during sensitive periods of brain development has been shown to elicit behavioral features associated with autism diagnosis and has been proposed as a valid animal model of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to characterize sensory and motor performance in rats postnatally treated with valproate. Thirty-four rat pups were injected with either valproate (150 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 6-12. Auditory and tactile startle as well as auditory sensory gating was assessed during both the juvenile and adolescent stages of development; motor testing was conducted during late adolescence and included a sunflower seed eating task and a vermicelli handling task. Valproate-treated rats were under-responsive to auditory stimuli, showed deficits in auditory sensory gating, and demonstrated impairments in motor speed and performance. These findings suggest that postnatal valproate treatment elicits sensory and motor features often seen in individuals with ASD. Further, the hyposensitivity seen in postnatally valproate-treated rats contrasted with hypersensitivity previously reported in prenatally valproateexposed rats. This suggests that timing of teratogenic exposure during early brain development may be important to consider when investigating the neurobiological basis of sensorimotor impairments in ASD. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Reynolds, Stacey] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Millette, Alexandre] Univ Florida, Behav & Cognit Neurosci Program, Dept Appl Physiol & Kinesiol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Devine, Darragh P.] Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Behav & Cognit Neurosci Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Reynolds, S (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Box 980008, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM reynoldsse3@vcu.edu FU National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Rehabilitation Research Career Development Program [K12 HD055929] FX This project was funded by the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K12 HD055929) Rehabilitation Research Career Development Program. Thanks to Dr. Jeffrey Kleim and Nagheme Thomas for assistance and training in tests of rodent motor performance. 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Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2-3 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1159/000336646 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 005IU UT WOS:000308744900017 PM 22627078 ER PT J AU Mychasiuk, R Richards, S Nakahashi, A Kolb, B Gibb, R AF Mychasiuk, R. Richards, S. Nakahashi, A. Kolb, B. Gibb, R. TI Effects of Rat Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid on Behaviour and Neuro-Anatomy SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Developmental disorder; Dendritic morphology; Cerebellum; Prefrontal cortex; Autism ID AUTISTIC-CHILDREN; ANIMAL-MODEL; CORTICAL THICKNESS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BRAIN; CEREBELLUM; RESPONSES AB Autism is a highly debilitating disorder that has recently displayed a dramatic rise in incidence. In order to realistically study preventative and remedial strategies, it is important that we develop and understand useful animal models of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the prenatal valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism by examining the neuro-anatomical and behavioural outcomes of offspring exposed to this paradigm. The VPA-treated rats exhibited behavioural changes in the delayed nonmatch-to-sample task, novel object recognition, activity box, and Whishaw tray reaching task. Anatomically, there was a reduction in brain weight and cortical thickness, along with decreased dendritic branching in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and decreased spine density in the mPFC, OFC, and cerebellum. Behavioural and anatomical findings from this study produced reliable results indicating that prenatal VPA exposure may be a viable model for the study of autism in rats. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Mychasiuk, R.; Richards, S.; Nakahashi, A.; Kolb, B.; Gibb, R.] Univ Lethbridge, Canadian Ctr Behav Neurosci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. RP Mychasiuk, R (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Canadian Ctr Behav Neurosci, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. 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PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 AR 150 DI 10.1186/gb-2012-13-3-150 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 002PL UT WOS:000308544200013 PM 22458452 ER PT J AU Muratori, F AF Muratori, Filippo TI AUTISM AS THE CONSEQUENCE OF A DIFFICULTY IN PRIMARY INTERSUBJECTIVITY SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE Autism; Intersubjectivity; Contingence; Mirror neurons ID JOINT ATTENTION; 1ST YEAR; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; BRAIN OVERGROWTH; FRONTAL-CORTEX; YOUNG-CHILDREN; COMPLEX SOUNDS; HOME MOVIES; LIFE; CONNECTIVITY AB Autism is a "spectrum" of conditions, all of which disturb the development of interpersonal comprehension. We suggest that differences in behavior, emotion or brain functions are downstream effects of impairments in primary or secondary intersubjectivity. Several research projects have shown that the lack of intersubjective behaviors is the best way to discriminate children with autism from those with normal development during the first year of life. According to new findings on biological maturation of the brain after birth, it is supposed that these difficulties do not allow the neurological experience-dependent system to develop in autism. In this paper we consider early dyadic interactions observed in the home movies of children later diagnosed with autism, of sequential maternal approach and infant's responses to these approaches. We hypothesize that children with autism show fewer contingent responses to their mothers than non-autistic children, and that episodes of contingency are a function of the type of approach used by the caregiver. It is supposed that more contingent behaviors occur when the caregiver approach is high in intensity and rich in non-verbal behaviors, such as used in "mother-ese". "Mother-ese" is supposed to play an important role in creating interactive sequences, which are the expression of new cortical and sub-cortical networks in brain development. When these linkages are not properly formed early in life, a variety of resulting effects may occur. This article suggests that the unification of the different levels of analysis proposed can furnish elements for a better comprehension of the development of sociability and offer new ideas for prevention and therapy concerning the core deficits of autism. C1 Univ Pise, IRCCS Stella Maris, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. RP Muratori, F (reprint author), Univ Pise, IRCCS Stella Maris, Viale Tirreno 331, I-56128 Pisa, Italy. 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A CLINICAL STUDY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INFANTILE AUTISM SO PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT LA French DT Article DE Autism; Shadow; Mediation; Expectation; Dimensionality AB The impossibility of having access to any expectation is patent in the way of life of autistic children whom we accompany. It always seems as if not previously experienced can be brought to use, as if nothing can be anticipated. The autistic child seems to grasp his environment in the same way as does a shadow, to adhere as closely as possible to it through his senses, and so doing, to abolish any spatial or temporal distance. In a therapeutic perspective, we have, for the first time, chosen the body's own shadow as a mediation in the framework of autism. Indeed, even though it is a bidimensional image of the body, the shadow also points out the asperities of the world upon which it is projected. 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S., 1981, SPLITTING PROJECTIVE Haag G., 1997, J PSYCHANALYSE ENFAN, V20, P104 Marcelli D., 1986, POSITION AUTISTIQUE Meltzer D., 1984, EXPLORATION MONDE AU, P232 MILNER Max, 2005, ENVERS VISIBLE ESSAI Rank O., 2001, DON JUAN DOUBLE Winnicott DW, 2002, JEU REALITE NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PRESSES UNIV FRANCE PI PARIS CEDEX 14 PA 6 AVENUE REILLE, 75685 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE SN 0079-726X J9 PSYCHIAT ENFANT JI Psychiatr. Enfant PY 2012 VL 55 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 PG 17 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 990HY UT WOS:000307622800004 ER PT J AU Pepping, GJ Timmermans, EJ AF Pepping, Gert-Jan Timmermans, Erik J. TI Oxytocin and the Biopsychology of Performance in Team Sports SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL COMMUNICATION; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; EMOTIONAL EMPATHY; INTRANASAL OXYTOCIN; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FUNCTIONING AUTISM; POSITIVE EMOTIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; INCREASES TRUST AB Little is known about the biopsychological underpinnings of expert performance in team sports. In this paper we show that there is a vast support for oxytocin as a neuropeptide involved in the encouragement of important processes linked to greater team performance in sport. We argue that oxytocin is related to biopsychological processes aimed at convergence of emotions and moods between people, and in doing so it is a critical neuropeptide involved in the shaping of important team processes in sport such as trust, generosity, altruism, cohesion, cooperation, and social motivation, and also envy and gloating. Future research should examine the role of oxytocin in these essential components of sport performance. In particular, the link between oxytocin, emotional contagion and the cultivation of experiences of positive emotions is a worthwhile line of investigation for sport participation and development as well as high performance in sport. C1 [Pepping, Gert-Jan; Timmermans, Erik J.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Ctr Human Movement Sci, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Pepping, GJ (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Ctr Human Movement Sci, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. 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World J. PY 2012 AR 567363 DI 10.1100/2012/567363 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003JM UT WOS:000308607700001 ER PT J AU Merkenschlager, A Amorosa, H Kiefl, H Martinius, J AF Merkenschlager, A. Amorosa, H. Kiefl, H. Martinius, J. TI Recognition of Face Identity and Emotion in Expressive Specific Language Impairment SO FOLIA PHONIATRICA ET LOGOPAEDICA LA English DT Article DE Expressive specific language impairment; Communication skills; Face and emotion recognition ID NORMAL YOUNG-CHILDREN; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; DISORDER; AUTISM; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; BEHAVIORS; DEFICITS; OUTCOMES AB Objective: To study face and emotion recognition in children with mostly expressive specific language impairment (SLI-E). Subjects and Methods: A test movie to study perception and recognition of faces and mimic-gestural expression was applied to 24 children diagnosed as suffering from SLI-E and an age-matched control group of normally developing children. Results: Compared to a normal control group, the SLI-E children scored significantly worse in both the face and expression recognition tasks with a preponderant effect on emotion recognition. The performance of the SLI-E group could not be explained by reduced attention during the test session. Conclusion: We conclude that SLI-E is associated with a deficiency in decoding non-verbal emotional facial and gestural information, which might lead to profound and persistent problems in social interaction and development. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Merkenschlager, A.] Univ Leipzig, Zentrum Frauen & Kindermed, Klin & Poliklin Kinder & Jugendmed, DE-04103 Leipzig, Germany. 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Logop. PY 2012 VL 64 IS 2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1159/000335875 PG 7 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Otorhinolaryngology; Rehabilitation GA 002JL UT WOS:000308527800003 PM 22286225 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, GN Ploumpidis, DN Christodoulou, NG Anagnostopoulos, DC AF Christodoulou, George N. Ploumpidis, Dimitris N. Christodoulou, Nikos G. Anagnostopoulos, Dimitris C. TI The state of psychiatry in Greece SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID CRISIS AB Greek psychiatry is presently in a transitional period. Following a large-scale reform effort that started in the mid 1980s, de-institutionalization and establishment of numerous community services has been achieved to a great extent. However, sectorization, development of primary care policies, inter-sectoral communication and long-range planning have not been achieved and deficiencies in the provision of care for children, adolescents, old people, individuals with autism, with intellectual disabilities and with eating disorders as well as deficiencies in forensic psychiatric services have been identified. Thus, the Greek psychiatric reform is an unfinished reform. The financial crisis that has recently hit the country has had a serious impact on the population and especially on vulnerable groups such as individuals with psychiatric disorders. Continuation of psychiatric reform to its desired extent has become problematic. This situation calls for re-orientation of the national mental health strategy towards more realistic and priority-orientated goals, i.e. securing a satisfactory level of function of the existing services, persisting in the implementation of the basic targets of psychiatric reform, creating the necessary infrastructure but avoiding the creation of expensive facilities of secondary importance. C1 [Christodoulou, George N.] World Federat Mental Hlth, Hellen Psychiat Assoc, Athens 11528, Greece. [Ploumpidis, Dimitris N.; Anagnostopoulos, Dimitris C.] Univ Athens, Eginit Hosp, Dept Psychiat 1, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. [Christodoulou, Nikos G.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Nottingham, England. RP Christodoulou, GN (reprint author), World Federat Mental Hlth, Hellen Psychiat Assoc, 11 Papadiamantopoulou St, Athens 11528, Greece. 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Rev. Psych. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.3109/09540261.2012.691874 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 000XR UT WOS:000308424600006 PM 22950768 ER PT J AU Soderstrand, P Almkvist, O AF Soderstrand, Peter Almkvist, Ove TI Psychometric data on the Eyes Test, the Faux Pas Test, and the Dewey Social Stories Test in a population-based Swedish adult sample SO NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE theory of mind; neuropsychology; Asperger syndrome; high-functioning autism; clinical assessment; psychometrics ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MIND; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; RECOGNITION; KNOWLEDGE; EMOTION; EMPATHY; TASK AB Neuropsychological testing of theory of mind, i.e. the capacity to imagine the mental content of others, is a valuable aid in clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. The revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (ET), the Faux Pas Test (FP), and the Dewey Social Stories Test (DSST) were translated into Swedish and administered to a population-based sample, 68 adults in all. Where comparable, results were similar for the Swedish versions and the original versions. Reliability was excellent for FP but insufficient for ET and DSST. Test score distributions failed strict normality tests. ET intercorrelated with FP and FP with DSST, but there was no correlation between ET and DSST. There were only a few significant correlations with background variables. Scaled-score conversion tables are appended. FP shows promise as a psychometrically sound test. Further research on these tests involving clinical groups is needed, as well as further development of clinical tests of theory of mind for adults. C1 [Soderstrand, Peter] SAS, Adult Psychiat Clin, Neuropsychiat Assessment Unit, Boras, Sweden. 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Psychol. PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1080/19012276.2012.693729 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 999JK UT WOS:000308306800004 ER PT J AU Arciuli, J Paul, R AF Arciuli, Joanne Paul, Rhea TI Sensitivity to probabilistic orthographic cues to lexical stress in adolescent speakers with autism spectrum disorder and typical peers SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lexical stress; Prosody; Autism spectrum disorder; Autism; Probabilistic cues; Reading; Orthography ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NEURAL EVIDENCE; CHILDREN; ABILITY; SPEECH AB Lexical stress refers to the opposition of strong and weak syllables within polysyllabic words and is a core feature of the English prosodic system. There are probabilistic cues to lexical stress present in English orthography. For example, most disyllabic English words ending with the letters "-ure" have first-syllable stress (e. g., "pasture", but note words such as "endure"), whereas most ending with "-ose" have second-syllable stress (e. g., "propose", but note examples such as "glucose"). Adult native speakers of English are sensitive to these probabilities during silent reading. During testing, they tend to assign first-syllable stress when reading a nonword such as "lenture" but second-syllable stress when reading "fostpose" (Arciuli & Cupples, 2006). Difficulties with prosody, including problems processing lexical stress, are a notable feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study investigated the ability of adolescents with ASD (13-17 years of age) to show this sensitivity compared with a group of typically developing peers. Results indicated reduced sensitivity to probabilistic cues to lexical stress in the group with ASD. The implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Arciuli, Joanne] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Paul, Rhea] Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, Yale Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Arciuli, J (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM joanne.arciuli@sydney.edu.au CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Arciuli J, 2006, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V59, P920, DOI 10.1080/02724980443000782 Arciuli J, 2010, J MEM LANG, V63, P180, DOI 10.1016/j.jml.2010.03.005 Brown J, 2010, Q J EXP PSYCHOL, V63, P1789, DOI 10.1080/17470210903536910 Diehl J., APPL PSYCHO IN PRESS Elliott C. 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PY 2012 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1288 EP 1295 DI 10.1080/17470218.2012.655700 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 979QN UT WOS:000306835000005 PM 22417232 ER PT J AU Ji, LN Chauhan, A Chauhan, V AF Ji, Lina Chauhan, Abha Chauhan, Ved TI Reduced Activity of Protein Kinase C in the Frontal Cortex of Subjects with Regressive Autism: Relationship with Developmental Abnormalities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Autism; behavior; protein kinase C; protein kinases; regression; signal transduction ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT-BRAIN; SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PKC; ACTIVATION; CHILDREN AB Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. In some cases, typically developing children regress into clinical symptoms of autism, a condition known as regressive autism. Protein kinases are essential for G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction, and are involved in neuronal functions, gene expression, memory, and cell differentiation. Recently, we reported decreased activity of protein kinase A (PKA) in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. In the present study, we analyzed the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cerebellum and different regions of cerebral cortex from subjects with regressive autism, autistic subjects without clinical history of regression, and age-matched control subjects. In the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism, PKC activity was significantly decreased by 57.1% as compared to age-matched control subjects (p = 0.0085), and by 65.8% as compared to non-regressed autistic subjects (p = 0.0048). PKC activity was unaffected in the temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, and in the cerebellum in both autism groups, i.e., regressive and non-regressed autism as compared to control subjects. These results suggest brain region-specific alteration of PKC activity in the frontal cortex of subjects with regressive autism. Further studies showed a negative correlation between PKC activity and restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behavior (r= -0.084, p = 0.0363) in autistic individuals, suggesting involvement of PKC in behavioral abnormalities in autism. These findings suggest that regression in autism may be attributed, in part, to alterations in G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signal transduction involving PKA and PKC in the frontal cortex. C1 [Ji, Lina; Chauhan, Abha; Chauhan, Ved] NYS Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Ji, Lina] Nanjing Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Chauhan, V (reprint author), NYS Inst Basic Res Dev Disabil, 1050 Forest Hill Rd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM ved.chauhan@opwdd.ny.gov RI Ji, Lina/H-5326-2013 FU Department of Defense Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Program [AS073224P2]; Autism Research Institute; Autism Collaboration; NYS Office of People with Developmental Disabilities FX This work was supported by funds from Department of Defense Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Program AS073224P2, Autism Research Institute, Autism Collaboration (autism.org), and NYS Office of People with Developmental Disabilities. Human brain tissues were obtained from the NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD. 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J. Biol. Sci. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1075 EP 1084 DI 10.7150/ijbs.4742 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 999XB UT WOS:000308347700016 PM 22949890 ER PT J AU Nomura, J Takumi, T AF Nomura, Jun Takumi, Toru TI Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders That Reflect Human Copy Number Variation SO NEURAL PLASTICITY LA English DT Review ID CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME; MOUSE MODEL; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATIONS; PROXIMAL 15Q; VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; HUMAN GENOME; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY AB The development of genetic technologies has led to the identification of several copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome. Genome rearrangements affect dosage-sensitive gene expression in normal brain development. There is strong evidence associating human psychiatric disorders, especially autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia to genetic risk factors and accumulated CNV risk loci. Deletions in 1q21, 3q29, 15q13, 17p12, and 22q11, as well as duplications in 16p11, 16p13, and 15q11-13 have been reported as recurrent CNVs in ASD and/or schizophrenia. Chromosome engineering can be a useful technology to reflect human diseases in animal models, especially CNV-based psychiatric disorders. This system, based on the Cre/loxP strategy, uses large chromosome rearrangement such as deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation. Although it is hard to reflect human pathophysiology in animal models, some aspects of molecular pathways, brain anatomy, cognitive, and behavioral phenotypes can be addressed. Some groups have created animal models of psychiatric disorders, ASD, and schizophrenia, which are based on human CNV. These mouse models display some brain anatomical and behavioral abnormalities, providing insight into human neuropsychiatric disorders that will contribute to novel drug screening for these devastating disorders. C1 [Nomura, Jun; Takumi, Toru] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Lab Integrat Biosci, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 7348553, Japan. [Takumi, Toru] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. RP Takumi, T (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Lab Integrat Biosci, Minami Ku, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Hiroshima 7348553, Japan. EM takumi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; Takeda Science Foundation; Asahi Glass Foundation; Naito Foundation FX The authors thank Geetha Kannan for help with paper preparation. The authors appreciate the help of colleagues who contributed to original work that reported in this paper and all members of our laboratory for useful discussions and comments. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (T. Takumi, J. Nomura) and by research grants from the Takeda Science Foundation (T. Takumi), the Asahi Glass Foundation (T. Takumi), and the Naito Foundation (T. Takumi). 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Plast. PY 2012 AR 589524 DI 10.1155/2012/589524 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 997OG UT WOS:000308174900001 ER PT J AU Suzuki, T Itoh, S Arai, N Kouno, M Noguchi, M Takatsu, M Takeda, K AF Suzuki, Tadashi Itoh, Shouichi Arai, Noritoshi Kouno, Masako Noguchi, Makoto Takatsu, Masami Takeda, Katsuhiko TI Ambient echolalia in a patient with germinoma around the bilateral ventriculus lateralis: A case report SO NEUROCASE LA English DT Article DE Ambient echolalia; Compulsive manipulation of tools; Germinoma; Ventriculus lateralis; Medial frontal lobe ID UTILIZATION BEHAVIOR; FRONTAL LOBES; AUTISM; SPEECH; LANGUAGE; TEC AB Ambient echolalia is a rare condition with few reported cases. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with a germinoma around the bilateral ventriculus lateralis who exhibited ambient echolalia. Clinical features included instinctive grasp reaction and compulsive manipulation of tools in his right hand. Speech or mental deterioration has been cited as a cause of ambient echolalia, but neither dementia nor aphasia was present. We propose that ambient echolalia in our case could be interpreted as a disinhibition of pre-existing essentially intact motor subroutines due to damage of the medial frontal lobe. C1 [Suzuki, Tadashi] Jikei Univ, Aoto Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Katsushika Ku, Tokyo 1258506, Japan. [Itoh, Shouichi; Kouno, Masako] Tokyo Teishin Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Itoh, Shouichi; Noguchi, Makoto] Tokyo Teishin Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Arai, Noritoshi] Natl Ctr Global Hlth & Med, Dept Neurol, Shinzyuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Arai, Noritoshi; Takatsu, Masami] Tokyo Teishin Hosp, Dept Neurol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Takatsu, Masami] Itabashi Chuo Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Takeda, Katsuhiko] Int Univ Hlth & Welf, Mita Hosp, Dept Neurol, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Suzuki, T (reprint author), Jikei Univ, Aoto Hosp, Dept Rehabil Med, Katsushika Ku, 6-41-2 Aoto, Tokyo 1258506, Japan. 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Volkmar, Fred TI Social skills groups for people aged 6 to 21 with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; INDIVIDUALS; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; COMPETENCE; PROGRAM; ADULTS AB Background Since autism was first described, major difficulties in social interaction have been a defining feature of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Social skills groups are a common intervention for individuals with ASD. Although a frequently recommended practice, the few studies that have addressed the efficacy of social skills groups have shown mixed results. Objectives To determine the effectiveness of social skills groups for improving social competence, social communication, and quality of life for people with ASD who are six to 21 years of age. Search methods We searched the following databases in December 2011: CENTRAL (2011 Issue 4), MEDLINE (1948 to November Week 3, 2011), EMBASE (1980 to Week 50, 2011), PsycINFO (1887 to December Week 2, 2011), CINAHL (1937 to current), ERIC (1966 to current), Sociological Abstracts (1952 to current), OCLC WorldCat (12 December 2011), Social Science Citation Index (1970 to 16 December 2011), and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (20 December 2011). We also searched the reference lists of published papers. Selection criteria Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing treatment (social skills groups) with a control group who were not receiving the treatment for participants aged six to 21 years with ASD. The control group could be no intervention, wait list, or treatment as usual. Outcomes sought were standardized measures of social competence, social communication, quality of life, emotion recognition, and any other specific behaviors. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected and appraised studies for inclusion and assessed the risk of bias in each included study. All outcome data were continuous and standardized mean difference effect sizes (ES) with small sample correction were calculated. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis where possible. Main results We included five RCTs evaluating the effects of social skills groups in 196 participants with ASD aged 6 to 21 years old. The results show there is some evidence that social skills groups improve overall social competence (ES = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.78, P = 0.003) and friendship quality (ES = 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.81, P = 0.04) for this population. No differences were found between treatment and control groups in relation to emotional recognition (ES = 0.34, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.88, P = 0.21) assessed in two studies or social communication as related to the understanding of idioms (ES = 0.05, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.72, P = 0.89), which was assessed in only one study. Two additional quality of life outcomes were evaluated, with results of single studies suggesting decreases in loneliness (ES = -0.66, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.17) but no effect on child or parental depression. No adverse events were reported. Given the nature of the intervention and the selected outcome measures, the risk of performance and detection bias are high. There is limited generalizability from the studies as they were all conducted in the US; they focused mainly on children aged 7 to 12, and the participants were all of average or above average intelligence. Authors' conclusions There is some evidence that social skills groups can improve social competence for some children and adolescents with ASD. More research is needed to draw more robust conclusions, especially with respect to improvements in quality of life. C1 [Reichow, Brian; Steiner, Amanda M.; Volkmar, Fred] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Reichow, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, 230 S Frontage Rd,POB 207900, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 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TI The Blame Frame: Media Attribution of Culpability About the MMR-Autism Vaccination Scare SO HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID MOBILIZING INFORMATION; RISK COMMUNICATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; MASS-MEDIA; NEWS; SCIENCE; CONTROVERSY; REPRESENTATIONS; RESPONSIBILITY AB Scholars have examined how news media frame events, including responsibility for causing and fixing problems, and how these frames inform public judgment. This study analyzed 281 newspaper articles about a controversial medical study linking the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination with autism. Given criticism of the study and its potential negative impact on vaccination rates across multiple countries, the current study examined actors to whom news media attributed blame for the MMR-vaccine association, sources used to support those attributions, and what solutions (e.g., mobilizing information), if any, were offered. This study provides unique insight by examining the evolution of these attributions over the lifetime of the controversy. Findings emphasize how news media may attribute blame in health risk communication and how that ascription plays a potentially vital role in shaping public behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. C1 [Holton, Avery] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Journalism, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Weberling, Brooke] Univ S Carolina, Sch Journalism & Mass Commun, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Clarke, Christopher E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Commun, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smith, Michael J.] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Holton, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sch Journalism, 1 Univ Stn A1000, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 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E., 2011, HLTH COMMUNICATION Weiner B., 2006, SOCIAL MOTIVATION JU Whalen Jeanne, 2010, WALL STREET J Zoch LM, 2006, LEA COMMUN SER, P279 NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1041-0236 J9 HEALTH COMMUN JI Health Commun. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 7 BP 690 EP 701 DI 10.1080/10410236.2011.633158 PG 12 WC Communication; Health Policy & Services SC Communication; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 979OT UT WOS:000306830200007 PM 22236220 ER PT J AU Fishman, I Ng, R Bellugi, U AF Fishman, Inna Ng, Rowena Bellugi, Ursula TI Neural processing of race by individuals with Williams syndrome: Do they show the other-race effect? (And why it matters) SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; Other-race effect; Event-related potentials; Race bias ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; GENETIC INFLUENCES; TIME-COURSE; PERCEPTION; BRAIN; AUTISM; EXPRESSION; COGNITION; BEHAVIOR AB Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic condition with a distinctive social phenotype characterized by excessive sociability accompanied by a relative proficiency in face recognition, despite severe deficits in the visuospatial domain of cognition. This consistent phenotypic characteristic and the relative homogeneity of the WS genotype make WS a compelling human model for examining genotype-phenotype relations, especially with respect to social behavior. Following up on a recent report suggesting that individuals with WS do not show race bias and racial stereotyping, this study was designed to investigate the neural correlates of the perception of faces from different races, in individuals with WS as compared to typically developing (TD) controls. Caucasian WS and TD participants performed a gender identification task with own-race (White) and other-race (Black) faces while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. In line with previous studies with TD participants, other-race faces elicited larger amplitude ERPs within the first 200 ms following the face onset, in WS and TD participants alike. These results suggest that, just like their TD counterparts, individuals with WS differentially processed faces of own-race versus other-race, at relatively early stages of processing, starting as early as 115 ms after the face onset. Overall, these results indicate that neural processing of faces in individuals with WS is moderated by race at early perceptual stages, calling for a reconsideration of the previous claim that they are uniquely insensitive to race. C1 [Fishman, Inna; Ng, Rowena; Bellugi, Ursula] Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Fishman, I (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA USA. EM ifishman@sciences.sdsu.edu FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [P01 HD 33113]; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [5 T32 MH20002] FX This report is based on work supported in part by a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant (P01 HD 33113) awarded to U. B. and a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) fellowship (5 T32 MH20002) awarded to I.F. 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Neurosci. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 4 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1080/17470919.2011.628759 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 984ZR UT WOS:000307233000005 PM 22022973 ER PT J AU Gangopadhyay, N Schilbach, L AF Gangopadhyay, Nivedita Schilbach, Leonhard TI Seeing minds: A neurophilosophical investigation of the role of perception-action coupling in social perception SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Social cognition; Perception; Action; Social neuroscience; Social gaze; Action control ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS; MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM; COGNITIVE CONTROL; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; EYE CONTACT; GAZE; CORTEX; ATTENTION; SIMULATION AB This paper proposes an empirical hypothesis that in some cases of social interaction we have an immediate perceptual access to others' minds in the perception of their embodied intentionality. Our point of departure is the phenomenological insight that there is an experiential difference in the perception of embodied intentionality and the perception of non-intentionality. The other's embodied intentionality is perceptually given in a way that is different from the givenness of non-intentionality. We claim that the phenomenological difference in the perception of embodied intentionality and non-intentionality translates into an account of how, in some cases of social cognition, we perceive mental properties in the perception of embodied intentionality. The hypothesis derives support from a host of recent empirical studies in social neuroscience which demonstrate the importance of embodied engagements in understanding other minds. These studies reveal that embodied intersubjective interaction often builds on our ability to understand other minds in an immediate perceptual way not adequately investigated by theory-theory (TT) and simulation theories (ST) of mind-reading. We argue that there is a genuine, nontrivial difference in the informational content of the perception of embodied intentionality and the perception of non-intentionality which leads to a further difference in the way information is processed in the case of perception of embodied intentionality as opposed to the perception of non-intentionality. The full significance of such difference is appreciated only within an account of perception which views perception and action as tightly coupled. Thus, we propose an "action-oriented account of social perception" to develop a neurophilosophical account of the perceptual knowledge of other minds. C1 [Gangopadhyay, Nivedita] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Subject Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schilbach, Leonhard] Max Planck Inst Neurol Res, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Schilbach, Leonhard] Univ Cologne, Dept Psychiat, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. RP Gangopadhyay, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Subject Res, Njalsgade 140-142,25-5-23, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM niveditag@hum.ku.dk RI Schilbach, Leonhard/G-5832-2010 OI Schilbach, Leonhard/0000-0001-5547-8309 FU Koeln Fortune Program, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne; Volkswagen Foundation FX The empirical research described in this paper was supported by the Koeln Fortune Program, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and the Volkswagen Foundation via grants to the second author. The first author would like to thank the participants at a Tuesday Seminar at the Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, for many helpful comments on the paper. 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Neither the classification system of ICD-10 nor the DSM-IV lists MCDD as an independent disorder. Methods: The study presents an overview on diagnostic criteria, current research and illustration by a case report of a 17-year-old adolescent. Results: MCDD, autistic disorders and schizophrenic disorders partially overlap. A clear classification or differentiation is currently not clearly possible. Conclusions: Many open questions remain, and further research is needed. C1 [Kamp-Becker, Inge] Univ Klinikum Giessen & Marburg GmbH, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, DE-35039 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, Standort Marburg, Germany. RP Kamp-Becker, I (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Giessen & Marburg GmbH, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, Hans Sachs Str 6, DE-35039 Marburg, Germany. 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PY 2012 VL 40 IS 5 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000191 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 990OG UT WOS:000307639700008 PM 22869228 ER PT J AU McManus, BM Mandic, CG Carle, AC Robert, SA AF McManus, Beth M. Mandic, Carmen Gomez Carle, Adam C. Robert, Stephanie A. TI The Effect of Parent-Child Function on Physical Activity and Television Viewing among Adolescents with and without Special Healthcare Needs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE adolescents; children with special healthcare needs; confirmatory factor analysis; functional limitations; National Survey of Children's Health; parent-child function; physical activity; television viewing ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; WEIGHT STATUS; FAMILY; PARTICIPATION; DISABILITIES; ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; MOTHERS; LEISURE; LEVEL AB Using the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, the association between parent-child function and physical activity and television viewing was investigated among a national sample of adolescents in the United States. Parent-child function was measured using the National Survey of Children's Health "Family Function" survey items and confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariable regression described the influence of parent-child function and having a special healthcare need (SHCN) on physical activity and television viewing, and described the differential influence of parent-child function on type of SHCN. Higher parent-child function was associated with more frequent physical activity (relative risk = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.3) and less frequent television viewing (relative risk = 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.86, 0.96). Controlling for parent-child function, having any SHCN was not associated with physical activity or television viewing. Controlling for type of SHCN, higher parent-child function influenced physical activity for adolescents with autism (p = 0.007) or a functional limitation (p = 0.001). Policy and programmatic efforts to bolster organised parent-child physical activities and reduce caregiver burden might ameliorate disparities in physical activity. C1 [McManus, Beth M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Hlth Syst Management & Policy, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Mandic, Carmen Gomez] San Francisco State Univ, Hlth Equ Inst Res Practice & Policy, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Carle, Adam C.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Med, Div Hlth Policy & Clin Effectiveness, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Robert, Stephanie A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Social Work, Madison, WI USA. RP McManus, BM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Hlth Syst Management & Policy, Denver, CO 80202 USA. 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TI Flexibility in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD): Inconsistency between neuropsychological tests and parent-based rating scales SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Cognition; Executive functions; Flexibility; Validity ID CARD SORTING TEST; HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADOLESCENTS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION MEASURES; PERFORMANCE-BASED MEASURES; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY; ABOVE-AVERAGE; INVENTORY; INTELLIGENCE; INDIVIDUALS AB In this study, we compared neuropsychological tests and parent-based ratings of flexibility in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated the discriminant validity of the domain-specific flexibility measures by comparison with the domain general measures, general behavioral problems, general ASD-related traits, and general intelligence. Tests and parent-based ratings of flexibility were not significantly correlated. Parent-based ratings were strongly related with the three broadband measures, whereas the discriminant validity indices of the neuropsychological tests were satisfactory. These findings suggest that parent-based ratings do not reflect the specific executive construct of flexibility, but instead reflect a broad spectrum of general child characteristics. C1 [Teunisse, Jan-Pieter; Roelofs, Renee L.; Verhoeven, Elisabeth W. M.; Berger, Hans J. C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Psychol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Teunisse, Jan-Pieter; Verhoeven, Elisabeth W. M.; Cuppen, Linda] Dr Leo Kannerhuis Ctr Autism, Dept Res & Dev, Doorwerth, Netherlands. [Mol, Joke] Kristallis Sch Grp, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Teunisse, Jan-Pieter] HAN Univ Appl Sci, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Berger, HJC (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Psychol, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM h.berger@mps.umcn.nl CR Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Amieva H, 2003, BRAIN COGNITION, V53, P129, DOI 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00094-0 Ardila A, 2000, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V15, P31, DOI 10.1016/S0887-6177(98)00159-0 Ardila A, 1998, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V8, P171, DOI 10.1023/A:1021618218943 Arffa S, 2007, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V22, P969, DOI 10.1016/j.acn.2007.08.001 ARFFA S, 1998, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V13, P713, DOI 10.1016/S0887-6177(98)00007-9 Autisme Team Gelderland, 2005, VRAG TEN BEH DIAGN O Baron-Cohen S, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P5, DOI 10.1023/A:1005653411471 Berg EA, 1948, J GEN PSYCHOL, V39, P15 Berger HJC, 2003, J CLIN EXP NEUROPSYC, V25, P502, DOI 10.1076/jcen.25.4.502.13870 BERGER HJC, 1993, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V23, P341, DOI 10.1007/BF01046224 Bogod NM, 2003, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V9, P450, DOI 10.1017/S1355617703930104 BOONE KB, 1993, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V49, P54, DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(199301)49:1<54::AID-JCLP2270490108>3.0.CO;2-6 Brandner V., 1960, Z EXPT ANGEW PSYCHOL, V7, P663 Burgess PW, 1998, J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC, V4, P547 Chaytor N, 2006, ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH, V21, P217, DOI 10.1016/j.acn.2005.12.002 Chaytor N, 2003, NEUROPSYCHOL REV, V13, P181, DOI 10.1023/B:NERV.0000009483.91468.fb CHELUNE GJ, 1987, DEV NEUROPSYCHOL, V3, P81 De Los Reyes A, 2005, PSYCHOL BULL, V131, P483, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483 Didden R, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P503, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01055.x Donders J., 1991, CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL, V5, P78, DOI 10.1080/13854049108401844 DOWNES JJ, 1989, NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, V27, P1329, DOI 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90128-0 Geurts HM, 2009, TRENDS COGN SCI, V13, P74, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.006 Gioia GA, 2002, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P249, DOI 10.1076/chin.8.4.249.13513 Gioia GA, 2000, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V6, P235, DOI 10.1076/chin.6.3.235.3152 Green V. 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Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 7 BP 714 EP 723 DI 10.1080/13803395.2012.670209 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 984ZB UT WOS:000307231400004 PM 22443370 ER PT J AU Tilford, JM Payakachat, N Kovacs, E Pyne, JM Brouwer, W Nick, TG Bellando, J Kuhlthau, KA AF Tilford, J. Mick Payakachat, Nalin Kovacs, Erica Pyne, Jeffrey M. Brouwer, Werner Nick, Todd G. Bellando, Jayne Kuhlthau, Karen A. TI Preference-Based Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders A Comparison of Generic Instruments SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; WELL-BEING SCALE; UTILITY SCORES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; SLEEP PROBLEMS; SF-6D; EQ-5D; HUI3; CARE AB Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmaceutical and other treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has the potential to improve access to services by demonstrating the value of treatment to public and private payers, but methods for measuring QALYs in children are under-studied. No cost-effectiveness analyses have been undertaken in this population using the cost-per-QALY metric. Objective: This study describes health-related quality-of-life (HR-QOL) outcomes in children with ASDs and compares the sensitivity of two generic preference-based instruments relative to ASD-related conditions and symptoms. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional with prospectively collected outcome data that were correlated with retrospectively assessed clinical information. Subjects were recruited from two sites of the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) in the US: a developmental centre in Little Rock, Arkansas, and an outpatient psychiatric clinic at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. Children that met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for an ASD by a multidisciplinary team evaluation were asked to participate in a clinical registry. Families of children with an ASD that agreed to be contacted about participation in future research studies as part of the ATN formed the sampling frame for the study. Families were included if the child with the ASD was between 4 and 17 years of age and the family caregiver spoke English. Eligible families were contacted by mail to see if they would be interested in participating in the study with 150 completing surveys. HR-QOL outcomes were described using the Health Utilities Index (HUI) 3 and the Quality of Well-Being Self-Administered (QWB-SA) scale obtained by proxy via the family caregiver. Results: Children were diagnosed as having autistic disorder (76%), pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS] (15%), and Asperger's disorder (9%). Average HUI3 and QWB-SA scores were 0.68 (SD 0.21, range 0.07-1) and 0.59 (SD 0.16, range 0.18-1), respectively. The HUI3 score was significantly correlated with clinical variables including adaptive behaviour (rho = 0.52; p < 0.001) and cognitive functioning (rho = 0.36; p < 0.001). The QWB-SA score had weak correlation with adaptive behaviour (rho = 0.25; p < 0.001) and cognitive functioning (rho = 0.17; p < 0.005). Change scores for the HUI3 were larger than the QWB-SA for all clinical measures. Scores for the HUI3 increased 0.21 points (95% CI 0.14, 0.29) across the first to the third quartile of the cognitive functioning measure compared with 0.05 (95% CI -0.01, 0.11) for the QWB-SA. Adjusted R-2 values also were higher for the HUI3 compared with the QWB-SA across all clinical measures. Conclusions: The HUI3 was more sensitive to clinical measures used to characterize children with autism compared with the QWB-SA score. The findings provide a benchmark to compare scores obtained by alternative methods and instruments. Researchers should consider incorporating the HUI3 in clinical trials and other longitudinal research studies to build the evidence base for describing the cost effectiveness of services provided to this important population. C1 [Tilford, J. Mick] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Tilford, J. Mick; Payakachat, Nalin] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Tilford, J. Mick; Nick, Todd G.; Bellando, Jayne] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Kovacs, Erica] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey M.] Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Healthcare & Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR USA. [Pyne, Jeffrey M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Inst Psychiat Res, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Brouwer, Werner] Erasmus Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Kuhlthau, Karen A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuhlthau, Karen A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Tilford, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 4301 W Markham St,Slot 820, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM tilfordmickj@uams.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01MH089466]; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Research Program [UA3 MC 11054] FX The project was supported by a grant (no. R01MH089466) from the National Institute of Mental Health with JMT and KAK serving as principal investigators. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Mental Health or the National Institutes of Health. The authors acknowledge the members of the ATN for use of the data. The data for the study were collected as part of the ATN, a programme of Autism Speaks. Further support came from a cooperative agreement (UA3 MC 11054) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Research Program, to the Massachusetts General Hospital. The work described in this article represents the independent efforts of the authors with no restrictions from the funding source or the ATN. None of the authors of this study reported a conflict of interest associated with the preparation of the manuscript. Maria Melguizo, Nupur Chowdhury, Rebecca Rieger and Latunja Sockwell provided excellent research assistance. 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PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377701193 ER PT J AU Yaguchi, K Morohashi, A Yukie, M Nakahara, D AF Yaguchi, Kiyoshi Morohashi, Akane Yukie, Masao Nakahara, Daiichiro TI Sound intonation perception of the autism spectrum disorder: An event related study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yaguchi, Kiyoshi] Bunkyo Univ, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377701551 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Paul, M AF Chatterjee, Anindita Paul, Mahuya TI The effect of computer based learning as cognitive training for children with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703016 ER PT J AU Lawson, C Bi, HY Deng, Y Wang, JJ Yang, Y Li, QL Zhao, J AF Lawson, Christine Bi, Hongyan Deng, Yuan Wang, Jiuju Yang, Yang Li, Qinlin Zhao, Jing TI The remediation of arithmetical difficulties in two young people on the Autism spectrum: Two case studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703066 ER PT J AU Hoogenhout, M AF Hoogenhout, Michelle TI Early intervention for autism: The Early Start Denver model in South Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoogenhout, Michelle] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703233 ER PT J AU Pileggi, LA AF Pileggi, Lea-Ann TI The absence of cradling bias in autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pileggi, Lea-Ann] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703234 ER PT J AU Lao, NT AF Lao, Nga Teng TI The experiences of a family living with autism in Macao SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lao, Nga Teng] Univ Macau, Taipa, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703254 ER PT J AU Banerjee, M Chatterjee, A De, S AF Banerjee, Mallika Chatterjee, Anindita De, Sravasti TI Executive functioning and theory of mind of autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Banerjee, Mallika; Chatterjee, Anindita] Univ Calcutta, Kolkata 700073, W Bengal, India. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 EI 1464-066X J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703296 ER PT J AU Chakrabarty, K Banerjee, M Sengupta, M AF Chakrabarty, Kakoli Banerjee, Mallika Sengupta, Mitul TI Dance/movement therapy on autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703297 ER PT J AU Devries, P AF Devries, Petrus TI Animal models of autism and related disorders: Implications for treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Devries, Petrus] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703300 ER PT J AU Valeria, NN AF Valeria, Nanclares Nogues TI Implementing evidence-based intervention for young children with autism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377703302 ER PT J AU Bagh, M Probst, P Wael, A AF Bagh, Muna Probst, Paul Wael, Allam TI Programmes for individuals with autism and their families in United Arabic Emirates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 664 EP 664 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377706493 ER PT J AU Lombard, JC Knox, X AF Lombard, Jacoba Christina Knox, Xavier TI Outcomes of a sexual education programme for children with autism spectrum disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 664 EP 664 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377706495 ER PT J AU Probst, P AF Probst, Paul TI Synthesis of six related TEACCH-based outcome studies for Autism Spectrum Disorders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Probst, Paul] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0020-7594 J9 INT J PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 664 EP 665 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 986WU UT WOS:000307377706496 ER PT J AU Graham, LJ AF Graham, Linda J. TI Disproportionate over-representation of Indigenous students in New South Wales government special schools SO CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE disproportionate over-representation; minority groups; Indigenous students; behaviour disorder; juvenile justice; disability; special education ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PREDICTORS; DISORDERS; PLACEMENT; AUSTRALIA; CHILDREN AB A significant gap exists in the Australian research literature on the disproportionate over-representation of minority groups in special education. The aim of this paper is to make a contribution to the research evidence-base by sketching an outline of the issue as it presents in Australia's largest education system in the state of New South Wales. Findings from this research show that Indigenous students are equally represented in special schools enrolling students with autism, physical, sensory, and intellectual disabilities, but significantly over-represented in special schools enrolling students under the categories of emotional disturbance, behaviour disorder and juvenile detention. Factors that might influence the disproportionate over-representation of Indigenous children and young people are discussed, and based on these observations, some practical implications for policy and practice are provided. C1 [Graham, Linda J.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Res Social Inclus, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Graham, Linda J.] Macquarie Univ, Sch Educ, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Graham, LJ (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Ctr Res Social Inclus, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM linda.graham@mq.edu.au CR Artiles AJ, 2010, EXCEPT CHILDREN, V76, P279 Augustine L. E., 1995, SEMINARS SPEECH LANG, V16, P242 Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), 2010, AUSTR CURR ASS REP A Baker B, 2002, TEACH COLL REC, V104, P663, DOI 10.1111/1467-9620.00175 Barrett R., 2010, AUSTRALIAN, P4 Campbell C., 2008, SCH CHOICE PARENTS N Coard B., 1971, W INDIAN CHILD IS MA Collins K., 1984, INTEGRATION VICTORIA Conway R., 2006, PREVENTING SCH FAILU, V50, P15, DOI 10.3200/PSFL.50.2.15-20 Coutinho M. J., 2000, J CHILD FAM STUD, V9, P135, DOI DOI 10.1023/A:1009462820157 Craven R.G., 2005, AUSTR ASS RES ED C C Cuneen C., 2006, EVALUATION ABORIGINA De Lemos M., 1994, SCH STUDENTS DISABIL de Plevitz L., 2006, AUSTR J INDIGENOUS E, V35, P44 Dempsey I., 1995, AUSTRALASIAN J SPECI, V19, P47, DOI 10.1080/1030011950190206 Dempsey I., 2007, AUSTRALASIAN J SPECI, V31, P73, DOI 10.1080/10300110701338710 Dempsey I., 2002, INT J DISABIL DEV ED, V49, P31, DOI DOI 10.1080/10349120120115316 Dunn KM, 2004, AUST J SOC ISSUES, V39, P409 Dunn L. 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P., 2004, ASSESSMENT EFFECTIVE, V30, P25, DOI 10.1177/073724770403000103 Sutherland KS, 2008, J SPEC EDUC, V41, P223, DOI 10.1177/0022466907310372 Sweller N., EXCEPTIONAL IN PRESS Waitoller FR, 2010, J SPEC EDUC, V44, P29, DOI 10.1177/0022466908329226 Warnock M., 1978, SPECIAL ED NEEDS REP Westwood P., 2000, AUSTR J LEARNING DIS, V5, P24 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0305-764X J9 CAMB J EDUC JI Camb. J. Educ PY 2012 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 176 DI 10.1080/0305764X.2012.676625 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 978KC UT WOS:000306738200004 ER PT J AU Biscaldi, M Rauh, R van Elst, LT Riedel, A AF Biscaldi, M. Rauh, R. van Elst, L. Tebartz Riedel, A. TI Autism spectrum disorders across the life span - clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects SO NERVENHEILKUNDE LA German DT Article DE High-functioning autism spectrum disorders; comorbidity; long-term course; functioning; quality of life; social skills training ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; QUOTIENT; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Autism spectrum disorders have increasingly gained public interest. The intensified focus (also from experts) on high functioning forms of autism leads to an increased prevalence of autism diagnoses and a more specific need for treatment. While a wide range of treatment methods for autism has been developed within child and adolescent psychiatry, the treatment situation within adult psychiatry generally still lags behind to a great extent. Hence, screening training curricula for medical specialists for the diagnosis "autism" is as futile as searching within institutional psychiatric outpatient departments. As shown in daily clinical routine however, an accurate assessment of the clinical features, combined with due consideration of the frequent comorbidities and the prompt application of therapeutic and socio-psychiatric measures, can substantially improve the prognosis - whereas there remains an urgent need for both treatment evaluation and long-term studies. This review outlines the essential aspects of symptomatology, clinical diagnostics, therapy and course of disease with particular emphasis on the high functioning forms of autism spectrum disorders. C1 [Biscaldi, M.; Rauh, R.] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Abt Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalte, Klin Psychiat & Psychosomat, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [van Elst, L. Tebartz; Riedel, A.] Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Abt Psychiat & Psychotherapie, Klin Psychiat & Psychosomat, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Biscaldi, M (reprint author), Univ Freiburg Klinikum, Abt Psychiat & Psychotherapie Erwachsenen Kindes, Hauptstr 8, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. 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W. Hougaard, D. M. Grove, J. Norgaard-Pedersen, B. Larsen, N. Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C. Mortensen, E. L. TI THE ROLE OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: FINDINGS FROM A DANISH HISTORIC BIRTH COHORT SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Abdallah, M. W.] Univ Rostock, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Rostock, Germany. [Abdallah, M. W.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Aarhus, Denmark. [Abdallah, M. W.; Hougaard, D. M.; Norgaard-Pedersen, B.; Larsen, N.] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Biochem & Immunol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Grove, J.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed & Bioinformat Res Ctr BiRC, Aarhus, Denmark. [Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Arctic Environm Med, Aarhus, Denmark. [Bonefeld-Jorgensen, E. C.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Unit Cellular & Mol Toxicol, Aarhus, Denmark. [Mortensen, E. L.] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mortensen, E. L.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Healthy Aging, Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Eva Cecilie/A-1682-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA O-01 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400152 ER PT J AU Akbarian, S AF Akbarian, S. TI HISTONE METHYLATION LANDSCAPES IN PREFRONTAL CORTEX REVEAL EPIGENETIC RISK ARCHITECTURES IN AUTISM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Akbarian, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Brudnick Neuropsychiat Res Inst, Worcester, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA CS03-04 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400118 ER PT J AU Dessoki, H Raafat, O Blaurock-Busch, BB Rabah, T AF Dessoki, H. Raafat, O. Blaurock-Busch, B. -B. Rabah, T. TI TOXIC METALS AND ESSENTIAL MINERALS AND SEVERITY OF SYMPTOMS AMONG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dessoki, H.] Beni Suef Univ, Bani Suwayf, Egypt. [Raafat, O.] Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt. [Rabah, T.] Natl Res Ctr, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-277 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400495 ER PT J AU Dimotsiou, A Kotrotsiou, E Mouzas, O Rekliti, M Wozniak, G AF Dimotsiou, A. Kotrotsiou, E. Mouzas, O. Rekliti, M. Wozniak, G. TI IMPACT OF PARENTAL AGE OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: GREEK PILOT STUDY SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dimotsiou, A.] Univ Thessaly, Sch Med, Program Primary Hlth Care, Larisa, Greece. [Kotrotsiou, E.; Mouzas, O.; Wozniak, G.] Univ Thessaly, Sch Med, Postgrad Program Primary Hlth Care, Larisa, Greece. [Rekliti, M.] Gen Hosp Korinthos, Korinthos, Greece. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-352 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400570 ER PT J AU Fibla, J Laplana, M Aluja, A Pijuan, M Lopez, R Heine, D AF Fibla, J. Laplana, M. Aluja, A. Pijuan, M. Lopez, R. Heine, D. TI COPY NUMBER VARIANTS DISTRIBUTION IN A PAIR OF DISCORDANT MONOZYGOTIC TWINS FOR THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fibla, J.; Laplana, M.; Aluja, A.] Univ Lleida, Lleida, Spain. [Pijuan, M.; Lopez, R.] Hosp Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain. [Heine, D.] Hosp Univ Son Dureta, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-705 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695401325 ER PT J AU Flu, RB AF Flu, R. Brand TI NOT NOW': ADVANCED (CRISIS) INTERVENTIONS FOR EXTREME AGGRESSION IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flu, R. Brand] Derby Fdn Trust, Derby, England. [Flu, R. Brand] Notttingham Partnership Trust Amazonicalpha, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-266 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400484 ER PT J AU Flu, RLB AF Flu, R. L. Brand CA Child & Adolescent EMDR TI TAP, TAP TAP THE USEFULLLNESS OF EMDR ON KIDS ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Flu, R. L. Brand; Child & Adolescent EMDR] Town House, Child & Adolescence Psychiat, Derby, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-267 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400485 ER PT J AU Ghanizadeh, A AF Ghanizadeh, A. TI CO-OCCURANCE OF ATTENTION DEFICTE HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ghanizadeh, A.] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-855 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695401475 ER PT J AU Saavedra, LG Tellez, JMG Lea, JMSM AF Gonzalez Saavedra, L. Tellez, J. M. G. Lea, J. M. S. M. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN NON-TWIN BROTHERS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tellez, J. M. G.; Lea, J. M. S. M.] Hosp Punta Europa, Algeciras, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-291 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400509 ER PT J AU Iakimova, G Serret, S Askenazy, F AF Iakimova, G. Serret, S. Askenazy, F. TI FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITIES OF SEMANTIC MEMORY BETWEEN EARLY-ONSET-SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSES OF VERBAL FLUENCY TASK SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, EA 1189, LPCS, Nice, France. CHU Lenval, Hop Pediat Nice, Serv Psychiat Enfant & Adolescent, Ctr Ressources Autisme, Nice, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-1246 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695402268 ER PT J AU Joshi, G Biederman, J Petty, C Goldin, RL Wozniak, J AF Joshi, G. Biederman, J. Petty, C. Goldin, R. L. Wozniak, J. TI EXAMINING THE COMORBIDITY OF BIPOLAR DISORDER AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A LARGE CONTROLLED ANALYSIS OF PHENOTYPIC AND FAMILIAL CORRELATES IN YOUTH WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joshi, G.; Biederman, J.; Petty, C.; Goldin, R. L.; Wozniak, J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA O-22 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400173 ER PT J AU Kadak, MT AF Kadak, M. T. TI RECOGNITION OF EMOTIONAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND BROAD AUTISM PHENOTYPE IN PARENTS OF AUSTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kadak, M. T.] Van Yuzuncu Yil Med Fac, Van, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-301 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400519 ER PT J AU Mohajeri, AS Pouretemad, HR Shokri, O AF Mohajeri, A. S. Pouretemad, H. R. Shokri, O. TI PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM: A SINGLE-SUBJECT REPORT SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mohajeri, A. S.; Pouretemad, H. R.; Shokri, O.] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Tehran, Iran. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-310 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400528 ER PT J AU Osmina, EV Verbenko, VA Asanova, AE Verbenko, GN AF Osmina, E. V. Verbenko, V. A. Asanova, A. E. Verbenko, G. N. TI THE ROLE OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL ATYPICAL AUTISM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Osmina, E. V.] Izhevsk State Tech Univ, Izhevsk, Russia. [Verbenko, V. A.; Asanova, A. E.; Verbenko, G. N.] Crimean State Med Univ, Dept Psychiat, Simferopol, Ukraine. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-314 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400532 ER PT J AU Rujescu, D AF Rujescu, D. TI HOW IMPORTANT ARE RARE GENETIC VARIANTS IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS? EXPERIENCES FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA, AUTISM, AND BIPOLAR DISORDER RESEARCH SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rujescu, D.] Univ Munich LMU, Dept Psychiat, Munich, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA AS23-02 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400068 ER PT J AU Sizoo, B van den Brink, W Gorissen-van Eenige, M van der Gaag, RJ AF Sizoo, B. van den Brink, W. Gorissen-van Eenige, M. van der Gaag, R. J. TI CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN ADULTS WITH AUTISM OR ADHD SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sizoo, B.] Ctr Dev Disorders, Deventer, Netherlands. [van den Brink, W.] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam Inst Addict Res, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gorissen-van Eenige, M.] Temple Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [van der Gaag, R. J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Karakter Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Gaag, R.J./H-8030-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA O-55 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695400206 ER PT J AU Svadovsky, AI AF Svadovsky, A. I. TI MINIMAL INVASIVE PSYCHOSURGERY TECHNIQUE FOR AUTISM PATIENTS SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Svadovsky, A. I.] Alexandria Clin, Moscow, Russia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-1127 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695402149 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, WMA Egger, JIM Feenstra, I AF Verhoeven, W. M. A. Egger, J. I. M. Feenstra, I. TI GENETIC SYNDROMES AND THE AUTISM SPECTRUM SO EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Verhoeven, W. M. A.; Egger, J. I. M.] Vincent van Gogh Inst Psychiat, Ctr Excellence Neuropsychiat, Venray, Netherlands. [Verhoeven, W. M. A.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Egger, J. I. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Ctr Brain Cognit & Behav, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Egger, J. I. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Behav Sci Inst, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Feenstra, I.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0924-9338 J9 EUR PSYCHIAT JI Eur. Psychiat. PY 2012 VL 27 SU 1 MA P-711 PG 1 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 977WL UT WOS:000306695401331 ER PT J AU Kern, JK Geier, DA Audhya, T King, PG Sykes, LK Geier, MR AF Kern, Janet K. Geier, David A. Audhya, Tapan King, Paul G. Sykes, Lisa K. Geier, Mark R. TI Evidence of parallels between mercury intoxication and the brain pathology in autism SO ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Review DE autism; autism spectrum disorder (ASD); mercury (Hg); toxicity; brain pathology ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; METHYLMERCURY-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX LESIONS; SHSY5Y NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; RECEPTOR-CHANNEL COMPLEX; BETA-AMYLOID SECRETION AB The purpose of this review is to examine the parallels between the effects mercury intoxication on the brain and the brain pathology found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This review finds evidence of many parallels between the two, including: (1) microtubule degeneration, specifically large, long-range axon degeneration with subsequent abortive axonal sprouting (short, thin axons); (2) dentritic overgrowth; (3) neuroinflammation; (4) microglial/astrocytic activation; (5) brain immune response activation; (6) elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein; (7) oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; (8) decreased reduced glutathione levels and elevated oxidized glutathione; (9) mitochondrial dysfunction; (10) disruption in calcium homeostasis and signaling; (11) inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity; (12) disruption of GABAergic and glutamatergic homeostasis; (13) inhibition of IGF-1 and methionine synthase activity; (14) impairment in methylation; (15) vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and pathological changes of the blood vessels; (16) decreased cerebral/cerebellar blood flow; (17) increased amyloid precursor protein; (18) loss of granule and Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum; (19) increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-8); and (20) aberrant nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B). This review also discusses the ability of mercury to potentiate and work synergistically with other toxins and pathogens in a way that may contribute to the brain pathology in ASD. The evidence suggests that mercury may be either causal or contributory in the brain pathology in ASD, possibly working synergistically with other toxic compounds or pathogens to produce the brain pathology observed in those diagnosed with an ASD. C1 [Kern, Janet K.; Geier, David A.] Inst Chron Illnesses Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kern, Janet K.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Geier, David A.; King, Paul G.; Sykes, Lisa K.] CoMeD Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Audhya, Tapan] Vitamin Diagnost, Cliffwood Beach, NJ USA. [Geier, Mark R.] ASD Ctr LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kern, JK (reprint author), Inst Chron Illnesses Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. 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Exp. PY 2012 VL 72 IS 2 BP 113 EP 153 PG 41 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 977BL UT WOS:000306631200001 PM 22810216 ER PT J AU Mahajan, S Kaur, A Singh, JR AF Mahajan, S. Kaur, A. Singh, J. R. TI RING CHROMOSOME 22: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND FIRST REPORT FROM INDIA SO BALKAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Review DE Ring chromosome 22 [r(22)]; Syndactyly; Intellectual disability ID G-DELETION SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 22Q13.3; PATIENT; AUTISM; CHILD; WOMAN; 22Q AB Ring chromosome 22 [r(22)], a rare cytogenetic finding, has been described in nearly 70 cases to date. Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on a 5-year-old male child with microcephaly and intellectual disability. Cytogenetic investigations revealed his karyotype to be 46,XY,r(22). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an r(22) anomaly from India. C1 [Kaur, A.] Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Human Genet, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. [Mahajan, S.] Sir Ganga Ram Hosp, Ctr Med Genet, New Delhi 110060, India. [Singh, J. R.] Cent Univ Punjab, Civil Stn, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India. RP Kaur, A (reprint author), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Human Genet, Grand Trunk Rd, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India. EM anupamkaur@yahoo.com FU Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India [BT/TF/09/21/90] FX We gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the proband, the assistance of his parents and the financial support from the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India grant number BT/TF/09/21/90 awarded to JRS. 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O. B. 428, SKOPJE, 1000, MACEDONIA SN 1311-0160 J9 BALK J MED GENET JI Balk. J. Med. Gen. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.2478/v10034-012-0009-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 977LC UT WOS:000306660700009 PM 24052724 ER PT J AU Pillay, D Girdler, S Collins, M Leonard, H AF Pillay, Divia Girdler, Sonya Collins, Marie Leonard, Helen TI "It's not what you were expecting, but it's still a beautiful journey": the experience of mothers of children with Down syndrome SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Coping; Down syndrome; mothers; spirituality ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; PARENTS; AUTISM; FATHERS; DEPRESSION; SUPPORT AB Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe qualitatively the experience of parenting for mothers of a child with Down syndrome and to explore what if any was the role of spirituality and organized religion in this experience. Method: A homogenous sample of eight mothers of children between 7 and 12 years of age with Down syndrome was recruited through a population-based source of families of children with Down syndrome in Western Australia. In-depth interviews were used to explore the mother's experience of parenting and to examine the role of spirituality and organized religion in their personal experience of mothering. Results: In this study, stressful life events recounted by the mothers included initial acceptance, developmental behaviour of the child, functionality of the child, health conditions and financial stress. Overall spirituality was described as a stronger and more dynamic source of support than organized religion in coping with stressors and life's challenges associated with raising a child with Down syndrome. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that being a mother to a child with Down syndrome can best be described as a mosaic of experiences, emotions and a journey of self growth. Both spirituality and organized religion to a greater or lesser extent were useful in mediating stress and supporting mothers particularly during challenging life events in the course of their journey with their child with Down syndrome. C1 [Girdler, Sonya; Collins, Marie; Leonard, Helen] Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Pillay, Divia; Girdler, Sonya] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Exercise Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Occupat Therapy, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Leonard, H (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Ctr Child Hlth Res, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. 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EM lba657@bham.ac.uk CR Feinstein Adam, 2010, HIST AUTISM CONVERSA Grinker Roy Richard, 2007, UNSTRANGE MINDS REMA Murray S., 2011, AUTISM Murray Stuart, 2008, REPRESENTING AUTISM Nadesan Majia Holmer, 2005, CONSTRUCTING AUTISM NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0968-7599 J9 DISABIL SOC JI Disabil. Soc. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 729 EP 730 DI 10.1080/09687599.2012.695520 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 975FP UT WOS:000306493400011 ER PT J AU Van Campenhout, S Devriendt, K Breckpot, J Frijns, JP Peeters, H Van Buggenhout, G Van Esch, H Maes, B Swillen, A AF Van Campenhout, S. Devriendt, K. Breckpot, J. Frijns, J-P Peeters, H. Van Buggenhout, G. Van Esch, H. Maes, B. Swillen, A. TI MICRODUPLICATION 22q11.2: A DESCRIPTION OF THE CLINICAL, DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHILDHOOD SO GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE 22q11.2 microduplication; Chromosome 22; Mental retardation; Developmental delay; Behavioral problems ID DUPLICATION; PHENOTYPES AB Microduplication 22q11.2: a description of the clinical, developmental and behavioral characteristics during childhood: Microduplication 22q11.2 is a recently discovered genomic disorder. So far, targeted research on the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of individuals with this microduplication is limited. Therefore, 11 Flemish children (3-13 years old) with a microduplication 22q11.2 were investigated in order to describe their clinical, developmental and behavioral characteristics. We measured their general intelligence, visual-motor capacities, attention, behavioral problems and characteristics of autism. In addition, there was an interview with the parents on developmental history and we reviewed available information from other specialists. The results show that the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of the children with microduplication 22q.11.2 is very wide and heterogeneous. Some of the children have a cognitively nearly normal development whereas others are more severely affected. All children had some degree of developmental delay and some of them have an intellectual disability. The most common clinical features include congenital malformations such as heart defects and cleft lip, feeding problems, hearing impairment and facial dysmorphism. The most common non-medical problems are learning difficulties, motor impairment, attention deficits, social problems and behavioral problems. There is no correlation between the size of the duplication and the phenotype. 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PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 135 EP 148 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 976ID UT WOS:000306574200001 PM 22876571 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, WMA Egger, JIM Hoogeboom, AJM AF Verhoeven, W. M. A. Egger, J. I. M. Hoogeboom, A. J. M. TI X-LINKED AARSKOG SYNDROME: REPORT ON A NOVEL FGD1 GENE MUTATION. EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION AS PART OF THE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE SO GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE Aarskog syndrome; X-linked; FGDI; Behavioural phenotype; Executive attention ID AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT INHERITANCE; SCOTT-SYNDROME; FACIOGENITAL DYSPLASIA; LARGE FAMILY; AUTISM; INTELLIGENCE; EXPRESSION; DISORDERS; ANOMALIES; VALIDITY AB X-linked Aarskog syndrome: report on a novel FGDI gene mutation. Executive dysfunction as part of the behavioural phenotype: Aarskog-Scott syndrome [OMIM 1000501 is a predominantly X-linked disorder that is phenotypically characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphisms, brachydactyly and urogenital abnormalities. The level of intelligence shows a great variability and no specific behavioural phenotype has been described so far. In about 20 percent of Aarskog families, a mutation in the FGDI gene located in Xp11.21 can be identified. In the present study, four affected males from the fourth generation of a large Dutch family (published in 1983 by Van de Vooren et al. (41)) are described. A novel FGDI missense mutation (R402W) at position 1204 (1204C>T) was demonstrated. In the patients, the level of intelligence varied between normal and severely disabled. 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Couns. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 976ID UT WOS:000306574200003 PM 22876573 ER PT J AU Degerliyurt, A Ceylaner, S Ozdag, H AF Degerliyurt, A. Ceylaner, S. Ozdag, H. TI A 7q11.23 MICRODUPLICATION PATIENT WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND FACIAL DYSMORPHISM SO GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Article DE 7q11.23 microduplication; facial dysmorphism ID LANGUAGE DELAY; DUPLICATION; AUTISM; REGION AB A 7q11.23 microduplication patient with cerebral palsy and facial dysmorphism: We report an 11-year-old female with 7q11.23 microduplication detected by an array-CGH test performed because of her atypical facial appearance while being followed-up with diagnoses of epilepsy and cerebral palsy at the pediatric neurology department since she was 3 months old. We emphasize that the facial phenotype by itself should arise suspicion of the 7q11.23 duplication. C1 [Ceylaner, S.] Intergen Genet Ctr, Ankara, Turkey. [Degerliyurt, A.] Ankara Childrens Hlth & Dis Hematol Oncol Hosp, Dept Pediat Neurol, Ankara, Turkey. [Ozdag, H.] Ankara Univ, Inst Biotechnol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. RP Ceylaner, S (reprint author), Intergen Genet Ctr, Iran Cd 13-25 Kavaklidere, Ankara, Turkey. 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PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 976ID UT WOS:000306574200016 PM 22876586 ER PT J AU Chen, CP Lin, SP Su, JW Lee, MS Wang, W AF Chen, C. -P. Lin, S. -P. Su, J-W Lee, M-S. Wang, W. TI PHENOTYPIC FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH MOSAIC TETRASOMY 9p IN A 20-YEAR-OLD FEMALE PATIENT INCLUDE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER SO GENETIC COUNSELING LA English DT Letter ID TRISOMY 9P; PARTIAL DUPLICATION; GONADAL-DYSGENESIS; BEHAVIOR C1 [Chen, C. -P.; Su, J-W; Lee, M-S.] Mackay Mem Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -P.; Lin, S. -P.; Wang, W.] Mackay Mem Hosp, Dept Med Res, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -P.] Asia Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -P.] China Med Univ, Sch Chinese Med, Coll Chinese Med, Taichung, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -P.] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Clin & Community Hlth Nursing, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Chen, C. -P.] Mackay Med Coll, Dept Med, New Taipei City, Taiwan. [Lin, S. -P.] Mackay Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei, Taiwan. [Lin, S. -P.] Mackay Med Nursing & Management Coll, Taipei, Taiwan. [Su, J-W] China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Taichung, Taiwan. [Wang, W.] Tatung Univ, Dept Bioengn, Taipei 104, Taiwan. RP Chen, CP (reprint author), Mackay Mem Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 92,Sect 2,Chung Shan N Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. 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PY 2012 VL 23 IS 2 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medical Ethics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 976ID UT WOS:000306574200025 PM 22876595 ER PT J AU Gejman, PV Sanders, AR AF Gejman, Pablo V. Sanders, Alan R. TI The etiology of schizophrenia SO MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRES LA Spanish DT Article DE schizophrenia; genetics; genome; etiology; SNP; CNV; polygenic; GWAS; epidemiology ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CARDIO-FACIAL SYNDROME; PITT-HOPKINS-SYNDROME; DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; 22Q11.2 DELETION SYNDROME; NATIONAL-BIRTH-COHORT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COMPLEX DISEASES; COMMON VARIANTS; RISK-FACTOR AB The etiology of schizophrenia. Research conducted in recent years represents a new dawn of knowledge for the risk factors of schizophrenia, and genome-wide approaches have revolutionized the field of genetic mapping of schizophrenia. The aggregate genetic data increasingly support a combination of rare and common genetic variation in schizophrenia, a major role for polygenic inheritance, and a genetic overlap (pleiotropy) of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and autism. A main challenge for the field is the translation of established genetic associations into a better pathophysiological understanding of schizophrenia. The current and upcoming resequencing programs - both exomes (all exons) and full genomes - and genome-wide transcriptional analyses will allow a more thorough dissection of the molecular genetics of the disorder. C1 [Gejman, Pablo V.] NorthShore Univ Hlth Syst, Res Inst, Ctr Psychiat Genet, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. 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network; Theory of mind; Cooperative behavior tasks ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; SOCIAL COGNITION; BASE-LINE; MECHANISMS; IMITATION; OTHERS; MIND; PERCEPTION; SIMULATION; MOTION AB It has been shown that social deficits contribute to psychopathology in schizophrenia, such as the bleulerian autism. A possible dysfunction in the mirror neuron system may be the reason for these deficits in the disorder. We wanted to better characterize the neural networks involved in the perception of social behavior. Fifteen healthy participants were presented with video clips of 8 seconds' duration depicting either (1) one actor manipulating an object, (2) two actors with only one manipulating an object or (3) two actors cooperating in manipulating an object and 2 other control conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during watching these videos. We found the perception of social cooperation is supported by a neural network comprising the precuneus, the temporoparietal junction (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, BA 39/40), the middle temporal gyrus (including superior temporal sulcus) and frontal regions (medial frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus). These areas form a complex network also being activated during theory of mind and cooperative behavior tasks. Its nodes overlap with those of the mirror neuron system. Consequently, both theory of mind abilities and mirror mechanisms are relevant in the perception and understanding of social cooperative behavior. We outline the consequences of these results for a further understanding of schizophrenic psychopathology with respect to social deficits and ego disturbances. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Leube, Dirk; Straube, Benjamin; Green, Antonia; Schlotterbeck, Peter; Kircher, Tilo] Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat, DE-35039 Marburg, Germany. [Green, Antonia; Bluemel, Isabelle; Prinz, Susanne] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Psychiat, Aachen, Germany. RP Leube, D (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat, Rudolf Bultmann Str 30, DE-35039 Marburg, Germany. EM leube@med.uni-marburg.de RI Straube, Benjamin/K-3126-2012 OI Straube, Benjamin/0000-0002-9837-0944 FU Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research 'BIOMAT' at the RWTH-Aachen, Germany [IZKF VV N68] FX This research project is supported by a grant from the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research 'BIOMAT' (IZKF VV N68) at the RWTH-Aachen, Germany. 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The Dutch SOS test was administered to 860 Flemish children (7-12 years). Inter-and intrarater reliability was excellent. Test-retest reliability was moderate. A correlation coefficient of 0.70 between SOS and "Concise Assessment Methods of Children Handwriting" test (Dutch version) confirmed convergent validity. The SOS allowed discrimination between typically developing children and children in special education, males and females, and different age groups. C1 [Van Waelvelde, Hilde; Peersman, Wim] Arteveldehgsk Univ Coll, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Hellinckx, Tinneke] Univ Ghent, Dept Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol Dev Disorder, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Kinesiol & Rehabil Sci, Louvain, Belgium. RP Van Waelvelde, H (reprint author), Arteveldehgsk Univ Coll, Campus Heymans 2B3,Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. 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Extensive research has been so far unable to explain the aetiology of this condition, whereas a growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of environmental factors. Phthalates, given their extensive use and their persistence, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They are EDs (endocrine disruptors) suspected to interfere with neurodevelopment. Therefore they represent interesting candidate risk factors for ASD pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of the primary and secondary metabolites of DEHP [di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] in children with ASD. A total of 48 children with ASD (male: 36, female: 12; mean age: 11 +/- 5 years) and age- and sex-comparable 45 HCs (healthy controls; male: 25, female: 20; mean age: 12 +/- 5 years) were enrolled. A diagnostic methodology, based on the determination of urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites by HPLC-ESI-MS (HPLC electrospray ionization MS), was applied to urine spot samples. MEHP [mono-(2-ethylhexenyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate], 6-OH-MEHP [mono-(2-ethyl-6-hydroxyhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate], 5-OH-MEHP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate] and 5-oxo-MEHP [mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate] were measured and compared with unequivocally characterized, pure synthetic compounds (>98%) taken as standard. In ASD patients, significant increase in 5-OH-MEHP (52.1%, median 0.18) and 5-oxo-MEHP (46.0%, median 0.096) urinary concentrations were detected, with a significant positive correlation between 5-OH-MEHP and 5-oxo-MEHP (r(s)=0.668, P<0.0001). The fully oxidized form 5-oxo-MEHP showed 91.1% specificity in identifying patients with ASDs. Our findings demonstrate for the first time an association between phthalates exposure and ASDs, thus suggesting a previously unrecognized role for these ubiquitous environmental contaminants in the pathogenesis of autism. C1 [Testa, Chiara; Papini, Anna Maria] Univ Cergy Pontoise Neuville sur Oise, SOSCO, Lab PeptLab, Cergy Pontoise, France. [Testa, Chiara; Nuti, Francesca; Chelli, Mario; Rovero, Paolo; Papini, Anna Maria] Univ Florence, Lab Peptide & Prot Chem & Biol, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Testa, Chiara; Nuti, Francesca; Papini, Anna Maria] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Hayek, Joussef] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Child Neuropsychiat Unit, Siena, Italy. [De Felice, Claudio] Univ Hosp AOUS Siena, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, Siena, Italy. [Rovero, Paolo] Univ Florence, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Latini, Giuseppe] Perrino Hosp, Div Neonatol, Brindisi, Italy. [Latini, Giuseppe] Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Clin Physiol IFC CNR, Lecce Sect, Lecce, Italy. RP Papini, AM (reprint author), Univ Cergy Pontoise Neuville sur Oise, SOSCO, Lab PeptLab, Cergy Pontoise, France. EM annamaria.papini@unifi.it FU ANR Chaire d'Excellence (France); Ente Cassa Risparmio di Firenze; Region Ile-de-France FX This work was partly funded by ANR Chaire d'Excellence 2009-2013 (France) and Ente Cassa Risparmio di Firenze. Region Ile-de-France supported the 'Cotutelle internationale de these de doctorat' of C. Testa (Ecole doctorale University of Cergy-Pontoise, France and Dottorato in Scienze Chimiche of University of Florence, Italy). 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Rochat, Philippe Corbit, John TI Young Children's Knowledge of the Representational Function of Pictorial Symbols: Development Across the Preschool Years in Three Cultures SO JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID 18-AND 24-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN; FALSE BELIEF; DOMAIN SPECIFICITY; CONCEPTUAL DEFICIT; PICTURE BOOKS; DECEPTION; MIND; COMPREHENSION; INFANTS; AUTISM AB Three- to 5-year-old children's knowledge that pictures have a representational function for others was investigated using a pictorial false-belief task. In Study 1, children passed the task at around 4 years old, and performance was correlated with standard false-belief and pictorial symbol tasks. In Study 2, the performance of children from two cultural settings who had very little exposure to pictures during the first 3 years (Peru, India) was contrasted with that of children from Canada. Performance was better in the Canadian than Peruvian and Indian samples on the picture false-belief task and drawing tasks but not on the standard false-belief measure. In all settings, children passed drawing and standard false-belief tasks either concurrently with, or prior to, passing the picture false-belief task. The findings suggest that children's explicit knowledge of the representational function of pictorial symbols matures in the late preschool years and develops more rapidly in cultures that strongly promote the symbolic use of pictures early in life. C1 [Callaghan, Tara C.] St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Psychol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. [Rochat, Philippe] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Corbit, John] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Callaghan, TC (reprint author), St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 5000, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. 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Cogn. Dev. PY 2012 VL 13 IS 3 BP 320 EP 353 DI 10.1080/15248372.2011.587853 PG 34 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 972NT UT WOS:000306284500003 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Giesbrecht, GF Muller, U McInerney, RJ Kerns, KA AF Miller, Michael R. Giesbrecht, Gerald F. Mueller, Ulrich McInerney, Robert J. Kerns, Kimberly A. TI A Latent Variable Approach to Determining the Structure of Executive Function in Preschool Children SO JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; INHIBITORY CONTROL; WORKING-MEMORY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MIND; PERFORMANCE; FRAMEWORK; DEFICITS; AUTISM; SCHOOL AB The composition of executive function (EF) in preschool children was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A sample of 129 children between 3 and 5 years of age completed a battery of EF tasks. 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Kasai, K. Yamasue, H. TI Age-related change in brain metabolite abnormalities in autism: a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies SO TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Asperger disorder; autistic disorder; human; neuroimaging; pervasive developmental disorder; systematic review ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; WHITE-MATTER; IN-VIVO; H-1-MR SPECTROSCOPY; N-ACETYLASPARTATE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; HIPPOCAMPUS; ACTIVATION AB Abnormal trajectory of brain development has been suggested by previous structural magnetic resonance imaging and head circumference findings in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, the neurochemical backgrounds remain unclear. To elucidate neurochemical processes underlying aberrant brain growth in ASD, we conducted a comprehensive literature search and a meta-analysis of H-1-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) studies in ASD. From the 22 articles identified as satisfying the criteria, means and s.d. of measure of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline-containing compounds, myo-Inositol and glutamate+glutamine in frontal, temporal, parietal, amygdala-hippocampus complex, thalamus and cerebellum were extracted. Random effect model analyses showed significantly lower NAA levels in all the examined brain regions but cerebellum in ASD children compared with typically developed children (n = 1295 at the maximum in frontal, P < 0.05 Bonferroni-corrected), although there was no significant difference in metabolite levels in adulthood. Meta-regression analysis further revealed that the effect size of lower frontal NAA levels linearly declined with older mean age in ASD (n = 844, P < 0.05 Bonferroni-corrected). The significance of all frontal NAA findings was preserved after considering between-study heterogeneities (P < 0.05 Bonferroni-corrected). This first meta-analysis of H-1-MRS studies in ASD demonstrated robust developmental changes in the degree of abnormality in NAA levels, especially in frontal lobes of ASD. Previously reported larger-than-normal brain size in ASD children and the coincident lower-than-normal NAA levels suggest that early transient brain expansion in ASD is mainly caused by an increase in non-neuron tissues, such as glial cell proliferation. Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e69; doi:10.1038/tp.2011.65; published online 17 January 2012 C1 [Aoki, Y.; Kasai, K.; Yamasue, H.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. [Yamasue, H.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Neuropsychiat, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan. EM yuaoki-tky@umin.ac.jp FU CREST (Japan Science and Technology Agency); KAKENHI (MEXT) [22689034] FX Parts of this study were supported by CREST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) and KAKENHI (MEXT) (22689034 to HY). We thank all the authors of the included studies. 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Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 2 AR e69 DI 10.1038/tp.2011.65 PG 12 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 971PZ UT WOS:000306217600005 PM 22832731 ER PT J AU Neal, D Matson, JL Belva, BC AF Neal, Daniene Matson, Johnny L. Belva, Brian C. TI Discriminant analysis of the autism spectrum disorder observation for children SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ASD-OC; autism spectrum disorder; discriminant analysis ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; II DASH-II; PROFOUND MENTAL-RETARDATION; COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; FEEDING PROBLEMS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PDD-NOS; INFANTS AB Purpose: To run a discriminant analysis on the individual items and the total scale of the ASD-OC to determine if they significantly discriminated between ASD and atypical groups. Method: The measure was administered to 78 children as part of an outpatient evaluation. Results: The DA revealed that all of the items, excluding five, were significant predictors by themselves. Additionally, Wilks' lambda was significant, lambda = 0.16, chi(2) = 115.91, p < 0.001 for the function, indicating that all of the items together significantly discriminated between groups. The DA was run again excluding those items mentioned above and the variability accounted for by all of the items and prediction of group membership decreased. Therefore, all 45 items were retained for inclusion in the final version of the ASD-OC. Conclusion: The ASD-OC is able to discriminate between ASD and atypical groups. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Gilligan, Katherine Dacosta, Scott TI Preventing injury from child aggression: A single-case evaluation of the effects of staff-worn protective equipment SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Staff-worn protective equipment; child aggression; clinical safety; intellectual and developmental disabilities ID RESTRAINT; DISABILITIES; SAFETY AB Objective: This single-case study of a boy with autism and high-frequency aggression concerned the effects of classroom teachers wearing protective equipment (gloves) on injuries produced to their hands as well as injuries sustained to non-protected areas of the body. Methods: A reversal-type design was used to evaluate the effects of protective equipment relative to a baseline (no protective equipment) phase, a low-demand activity phase without protective equipment and a low-demand activity phase with protective equipment. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.676100 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 968FY UT WOS:000305963900007 PM 22646024 ER PT J AU Jowett, EL Moore, DW Anderson, A AF Jowett, E. L. Moore, D. W. Anderson, A. TI Using an iPad-based video modelling package to teach numeracy skills to a child with an autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Video modelling; forward chaining; fading; iPad; autism; numeracy ID SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH; DAILY LIVING SKILLS; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; DISABILITIES; PLAY AB Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a video modelling package to teach a 5 year-old boy diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) basic numeracy skills. The treatment package consisted of iPad-based video modelling, gradual fading of video prompts, reinforcement, in vivo prompting and forward chaining. Methods: A single subject multiple baseline across numerals design with generalization and maintenance observational measures. Results: Clear gains were evident in the participant's ability to identify and write the Arabic numerals 1-7 and comprehend the quantity each numeral represents in association with the lagged intervention. Generalization and maintenance data demonstrated the robustness of the treatment effects. Conclusions: IPad-based video modelling, when used in a package, can be an effective technique for teaching numeracy skills to children with an ASD. Systematic replication of this study with different participants is warranted. C1 [Jowett, E. L.] Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Krongold Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Jowett, EL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Fac Educ, Krongold Ctr, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 304 EP 312 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.682168 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 968FY UT WOS:000305963900008 PM 22690736 ER PT J AU Einspieler, C Hirota, H Yuge, M Dejima, S Marschik, PB AF Einspieler, Christa Hirota, Hiroyo Yuge, Mariko Dejima, Sunao Marschik, Peter B. TI Early behavioural manifestation of Smith-Magenis syndrome (del 17p11.2) in a 4-month-old boy SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Fidgety movements; general movements; infant; posture; video analysis ID GENERAL MOVEMENTS; RETT-SYNDROME; FEATURES; AUTISM AB Objective: There is little systematic data on early neurodevelopmental functioning of infants with Smith-Magenis syndrome, since early diagnosis is rare. Methods: A boy with cytogenetically confirmed Smith-Magenis syndrome was videotaped at 4 months and 1 week of age. His posture and spontaneous movements were analysed without knowing the diagnosis. Results: The motor repertoire appeared significantly reduced; fidgety general movements, which are typical of that age, were missing. Posture was abnormal and overall movements were jerky and monotonous. The findings indicate a severe motor impairment by no more than 4 months of age. Conclusion: It was concluded that an absence of fidgety movements that goes along with subtle dysmorphic features indicates an increased risk of maldevelopment and justifies the need to refer for genetic evaluation with the potential of facilitating earlier diagnosis. C1 [Einspieler, Christa; Marschik, Peter B.] Med Univ Graz, Ctr Physiol Med, Inst Physiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Hirota, Hiroyo] St Josephs Hosp Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan. [Yuge, Mariko] Kyoto Prefectural Chutan Higasi Publ Hlth Off, Kyoto, Japan. [Dejima, Sunao] Kyoto Min Iren Chuo Hosp, Kyoto, Japan. RP Einspieler, C (reprint author), Med Univ Graz, Ctr Physiol Med, Inst Physiol, Harrachgasse 21-5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM christa.einspieler@medunigraz.at FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P16984-B02]; Lanyar-Foundation [P337] FX We would like to thank Miha Tavcar (scriptophil) for proofreading the paper. P. B. M. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project number P16984-B02 and the Lanyar-Foundation (P337). 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.3109/17518423.2011.654281 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 968FY UT WOS:000305963900009 PM 22724898 ER PT J AU Grandgeorge, M Deleau, M Lemonnier, E Tordjman, S Hausberger, M AF Grandgeorge, Marine Deleau, Michel Lemonnier, Eric Tordjman, Sylvie Hausberger, Martine TI Children with autism encounter an unfamiliar pet Application of the Strange Animal Situation test SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE autism; animal; profile; interaction; ethology ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION; STIMULI; THERAPY; INFANTS; OBJECTS; PEOPLE; ADULT; DOG AB Autistic disorders are characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication, strong aversion or non-response to social stimuli. However, these children are often reported to develop strong bonds with companion animals. We hypothesized that children with autism (CAD) would present different behavioural profiles when encountering an unfamiliar animal in a Strange Animal Situation close-to-life test. Twenty seven CAD were compared to 59 children with typical development (CTD). Our results. revealed similarities in the behaviour of both groups of children as well as patterns specific to the CAD (e.g. attracted by humans). Different profiles emerged depending on everyday living conditions. This study constitutes, to our knowledge, the first clear description of how children with autism react when encountering an unfamiliar animal and one of the first direct comparisons between CAD and CTD using a naturalistic but standardized setting. C1 [Grandgeorge, Marine; Hausberger, Martine] Univ Rennes 1, Ethos, UMR CNRS Ethol Anim & Humaine 6552, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Deleau, Michel] Univ Rennes 2, CRPCC, EA 1285, Ctr Rech Psychol Cognit & Commun, F-35000 Rennes, France. 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PY 2012 VL 13 IS 2 BP 165 EP 188 DI 10.1075/is.13.2.02gra PG 24 WC Communication; Linguistics SC Communication; Linguistics GA 967SZ UT WOS:000305929400002 ER PT J AU Robins, B Dautenhahn, K Ferrari, E Kronreif, G Prazak-Aram, B Marti, P Iacono, I Gelderblom, GJ Bernd, T Caprino, F Laudanna, E AF Robins, Ben Dautenhahn, Kerstin Ferrari, Ester Kronreif, Gernot Prazak-Aram, Barbara Marti, Patrizia Iacono, Iolanda Gelderblom, Gert Jan Bernd, Tanja Caprino, Francesca Laudanna, Elena TI Scenarios of robot-assisted play for children with cognitive and physical disabilities SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE human-robot interaction; assistive technology; play scenarios; autism; mild mental retardation; severe motor impairment; assisted play AB This article presents a novel set of ten play scenarios for robot-assisted play for children with special needs. This set of scenarios is one of the key outcomes of the IROMEC project that investigated how robotic toys can become social mediators, encouraging children with special needs to discover a range of play styles, from solitary to collaborative play (with peers, carers/teachers, parents etc.). The target user groups in the project were children with Mild Mental Retardation,(1) children with Severe Motor Impairment and children with Autism. The play scenarios were developed against specific educational and therapeutic objectives that were discussed with panels of experts (teachers, therapists, parents) in various countries, during several user panel meetings for each of the above mentioned target user groups. These objectives were classified with reference to the ICF-CY, the International Classification of Functioning - version for Children and Youth. The article presents a detailed description of the play scenarios, each with its relevant educational and therapeutic objectives in five key developmental areas (i.e. sensory development, communication and interaction, cognitive development, motor development and social and emotional development). While the play scenarios described in this paper originally were developed for and tested with the above user groups and with the IROMEC robot, the play scenarios can potentially be applied to other user groups and to a wide range of other applications involving human-robot interaction using different robotic toys. C1 [Robins, Ben; Dautenhahn, Kerstin] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Comp Sci, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kronreif, Gernot] Austrian Ctr Med Innovat & Technol, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria. [Prazak-Aram, Barbara] AIT Austrian Inst Technol GmbH, Hlth & Environm Dept, Biomed Syst, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria. [Marti, Patrizia; Iacono, Iolanda] Univ Siena, Dept Commun Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Gelderblom, Gert Jan; Bernd, Tanja] Zuyd Univ, Res Ctr Technol Care, NL-6400 AN Heerlen, Netherlands. [Caprino, Francesca; Laudanna, Elena] Univ Valle Aosta, I-11100 Aosta, Italy. RP Robins, B (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Comp Sci, Adapt Syst Res Grp, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM b.robins@herts.ac.uk; k.dautenhahn@herts.ac.uk; ester_ferrari@yahoo.it; gernot.kronreif@acmit.at; Barbara.prazak-aram@ait.ac.at; marti@unisi.it; iacono@media.unisi.it; g.j.gelderblom@hszuyd.nl; t.bernd@hszuyd.nl; fcaprino@univda.it; e.laudanna@univda.it RI Ferrari, Ester/I-4341-2012; Marti, Patrizia/J-4102-2012 OI Ferrari, Ester/0000-0001-7295-8080; Marti, Patrizia/0000-0002-2448-8747 CR Amirabdollahian F., 2009, TACT SENS WORKSH IEE Besio S., 2001, P 3 AAATE C LJUBLJ, P231 Bruner J.S., 1972, INTENTION TAKE FILM Carroll J. 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TI If it looks like a dog The effect of physical appearance on human interaction with robots and animals SO INTERACTION STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Human-robot interaction; human-animal interaction; AIBO; free form communication; attributions; human-entity interaction ID CHILDREN; INTELLIGENCE; THERAPY; AUTISM; CARE AB This study was designed to compare the natural free form communication that takes place when a person interacts with robotic entities versus live animals. One hundred and eleven participants interacted with one of four entities: an AIBO robotic dog, Legobot, Dog or Cat. It was found that participants tended to rate the Dog as more capable than the other entities, and often spoke to it more than the robotic entities. However, participants were not positively biased toward live entities, as the Cat often was thought of and spoken to similarly to the AIBO robot. 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Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 967VC UT WOS:000305934900009 ER PT J AU Gomes, AM Spencer-Smith, MM Jacobs, RK Coleman, L Anderson, VA AF Gomes, Alison M. Spencer-Smith, Megan M. Jacobs, Rani K. Coleman, Lee Anderson, Vicki A. TI Attention and social functioning in children with malformations of cortical development and stroke SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental lesions; Cortical malformations; Childhood stroke; Attention; Social function ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CHILDHOOD STROKE; BEHAVIOR; AUTISM; EMOTIONALITY; DISORDERS; OUTCOMES; SKILLS AB Attention and social functioning and their interrelationships have not been routinely examined in children with early brain insult (EBI). This study aimed to describe attention and social functioning in children with two types of EBI: malformations of cortical development (MCD) and stroke. Children diagnosed with MCD (n = 14, 6 males) or stroke (n = 14, 8 males) aged 8 to 14 years (M = 12 years 11 months) completed neuropsychological assessments to examine attention processes. Primary care-givers completed a questionnaire to assess executive components of children's attention and teachers completed a questionnaire to measure children's social functioning. Brain scans (MRI or CT) were coded by a pediatric neuroradiologist. Higher rates of impairments in attention and social function were found in children with EBI compared with normative expectations. Children with MCD experienced more global and clinically significant levels of impairment than children with stroke; though impairments were present in both groups. A strong association between executive components of attention and social function was observed. In addition, complex attention processes were associated with social function. 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Camodeca, Amy Goodwin, Jacqueline Hakim-Larson, Julie Voelker, Sylvia Gragg, Marcia TI Emotion-Related Parenting Styles (ERPS): A Short Form for Measuring Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy SO EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CHILD CONVERSATIONS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PAST EMOTIONS; SOCIALIZATION; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; NUMBER; FAMILY AB Research Findings: Parents' meta-emotion philosophy guides their approach to teaching their children about emotions (J. M. Gottman, L. F. Katz, & C. Hooven, 1997) and is measured with the Emotion-Related Parenting Styles Self-Test-Likert (Gottman et al., 1997, modified by J. Hakim-Larson, A. Parker, C. Lee, J. Goodwin, & S. Voelker, 2006). The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying structure of this measure, develop a short form, and assess its psychometric properties. In a sample of 107 parents of typically developing children, principal factor extraction with a direct oblimin rotation (delta 0) identified 3 factors: emotion coaching, parental acceptance of negative emotion, and parental rejection of negative emotion. In a sample of 107 parents of children with developmental disabilities, a 4th factor was identified: feelings of uncertainty/ineffectiveness in emotion socialization. The 4-factor, 20-item short form showed good validity and reliability, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from .70 to .80. Practice or Policy: This short form is a practical means of assessment and may be used to identify parents of typically developing children who perceive similar challenges with their children's emotions as do parents who have children with developmental disabilities. The discussion centers on potential emotion-related parenting practices and the identification of children at risk for emotion regulation difficulties. 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Dev. PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 583 EP 602 DI 10.1080/10409289.2011.569316 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 963OL UT WOS:000305631300008 ER PT J AU Mazefsky, CA Oswald, DP Day, TN Eack, SM Minshew, NJ Lainhart, JE AF Mazefsky, Carla A. Oswald, Donald P. Day, Taylor N. Eack, Shaun M. Minshew, Nancy J. Lainhart, Janet E. TI ASD, a Psychiatric Disorder, or Both? Psychiatric Diagnoses in Adolescents with High-Functioning ASD SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; COMMUNICATION DEFICITS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; K-SADS; CHILDREN; COMORBIDITY; SCHEDULE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; POPULATION; INTERVIEW AB Varied presentations of emotion dysregulation in autism complicate diagnostic decision making and may lead to inaccurate psychiatric diagnoses or delayed autism diagnosis for high-functioning children. This pilot study aimed to determine the concordance between prior psychiatric diagnoses and the results of an autism-specific psychiatric interview in adolescents with high-functioning autism. Participants included 35 predominantly Caucasian and male verbal 10- to 17-year-olds with a confirmed autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability. The average age of autism spectrum diagnosis was 11 years old. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were established via the Autism Comorbidity Interview, developed to identify comorbid conditions within the context of autism. Autism Comorbidity Interview results were compared to parent report of prior community psychiatric diagnoses. Approximately 60% of prior psychiatric diagnoses were not supported on the Autism Comorbidity Interview; the lowest diagnostic concordance was for prior bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnoses. Although 51% of children met Autism Comorbidity Interview criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder, rates of prior diagnoses were much higher, with 77% having at least one prior psychiatric diagnosis and 60% having two or more. Although many participants met criteria for comorbid psychiatric disorders, the majority of previous psychiatric diagnoses were not supported when autism-related manifestations were systematically taken into account. These findings require replication and may not generalize to lower functioning and earlier diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder. Results emphasize the importance of increasing awareness of the manifestations of high-functioning autism in order to improve accuracy of diagnosis and appropriateness of interventions. C1 [Mazefsky, Carla A.; Day, Taylor N.; Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Eack, Shaun M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Social Work, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minshew, Nancy J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lainhart, Janet E.] Univ Utah, Utah Brain Inst, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lainhart, Janet E.] Univ Utah, Utah Brain Inst, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lainhart, Janet E.] Univ Utah, Utah Brain Inst, Dept Neurosci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mazefsky, CA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Webster Hall,Suite 300,3811 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. 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Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 516 EP 523 DI 10.1080/15374416.2012.686102 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 964NH UT WOS:000305701900012 PM 22642847 ER PT J AU Turkoglu, S Bilgic, A Uslu, R AF Turkoglu, Serhat Bilgic, Ayhan Uslu, Runa TI Trizygotic Triplets with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: Case Report and Literature Review SO NOROPSIKIYATRI ARSIVI-ARCHIVES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY LA Turkish DT Review DE Autistic spectrum disorders; autism; triplet ID PRENATAL STRESS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; IDENTICAL TRIPLETS; RISK; CHILDREN; ALTERS; BRAIN; ANTIBODIES; INCREASES; PREGNANCY AB Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by severe qualitative impairments in socialization, communication, and restricted repetitive behavior, interests and activities. Although the etiology is unknown, it is now believed that ASD are highly polygenic and, environmental factors may interact with genetic factors to increase the risk for ASD. The estimated concordance rate of ASD was reported to be 0-10% in dizygotic twins. To our knowledge, however, no study was available about trizygotic triplets with ASD. In this article, trizygotic triplets diagnosed with ASD were reported and the literature was reviewed to discuss the possible mechanisms of this condition. (Archives xx Neuropsychiatry 2012; 49: 167-171) C1 [Turkoglu, Serhat] Ordu Devlet Hastanesi, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Klinigi, Ordu, Turkey. [Bilgic, Ayhan] Malatya Devlet Hastanesi, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Klinigi, Malatya, Turkey. [Uslu, Runa] Ankara Univ, Tip Fak, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Anabilim, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. RP Turkoglu, S (reprint author), Ordu Devlet Hastanesi, Cocuk & Ergen Ruh Sagligi & Hastaliklari Klinigi, Ordu, Turkey. 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PY 2012 VL 49 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.4274/npa.y6000 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 964YS UT WOS:000305733300017 ER PT J AU Bailey, AR Hon, H Oregon, DF Tian, J Zhu, Y Zou, Q Nikolic, WV Bengtson, M Mori, T Murphy, T Tan, J AF Bailey, A. R. Hon, H. Oregon, D. F. Tian, J. Zhu, Y. Zou, Q. Nikolic, W. V. Bengtson, M. Mori, T. Murphy, T. Tan, J. TI Aberrant T-Lymphocyte Development and Function in Mice Overexpressing Human-Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein-alpha: Implications for Autism SO CELL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neural-Therapy-and-Repair CY APR 26-28, 2012 CL Clearwater Beach, FL SP Amer Soc Neural Therapy & Repair C1 [Bailey, A. R.; Hon, H.; Oregon, D. F.; Tian, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zou, Q.; Bengtson, M.; Tan, J.] Univ S Florida, Rashid Lab Dev Neurobiol, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Silver Child Dev Ctr,Morsani Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Nikolic, W. 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TI Administration of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Children With Incurable Neurological Disorders and Injury Is Safe and Improves Their Quality of Life SO CELL TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Autologous; Bone marrow; Adult stem cells; Mononuclear cells; Spinal cord injury; Muscular dystrophy; Cerebral palsy ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; STEM-CELLS; THERAPY; DYSTROPHY; DISEASES AB Neurological disorders such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and injury to the brain and spine currently have no known definitive treatments or cures. A study was carried out on 71 children suffering from such incurable neurological disorders and injury. They were intrathecally and intramuscularly administered autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells. Assessment after transplantation showed neurological improvements in muscle power and a shift on assessment scales such as FIM and Brooke and Vignos scale. Further, imaging and electrophysiological studies also showed significant changes in selective cases. On an average follow-up of 15 +/- 1 months, overall 97% muscular dystrophy cases showed subjective and functional improvement, with 2 of them also showing changes on MRI and 3 on EMG. One hundred percent of the spinal cord injury cases showed improvement with respect to muscle strength, urine control, spasticity, etc. Eighty-five percent of cases of cerebral palsy cases showed improvements, out of which 75% reported improvement in muscle tone and 50% in speech among other symptoms. Eighty-eight percent of cases of other incurable neurological disorders such as autism, Retts Syndrome, giant axonal neuropathy, etc., also showed improvement. No significant adverse events were noted. The results show that this treatment is safe, efficacious, and also improves the quality of life of children with incurable neurological disorders and injury. C1 [Sharma, Alok; Gokulchandran, Nandini; Chopra, Guneet] Surana Sethia Hosp & Res Ctr, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Inst, Dept Med Serv & Clin Res, Bombay 400071, Maharashtra, India. [Lohia, Mamta; Jacob, V. C.] Surana Sethia Hosp & Res Ctr, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Inst, Dept NeuroRehablitat, Bombay 400071, Maharashtra, India. [Kulkarni, Pooja; Badhe, Prerna] Surana Sethia Hosp & Res Ctr, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Inst, Dept Res & Dev, Bombay 400071, Maharashtra, India. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Surana Sethia Hosp & Res Ctr, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Inst, Dept Med Serv & Clin Res, Sion Trombay Rd, Bombay 400071, Maharashtra, India. 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PY 2012 VL 21 SU 1 BP S79 EP S90 DI 10.3727/096368912X633798 PG 12 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 961VQ UT WOS:000305498000010 PM 22507683 ER PT J AU Danzer, E Siegle, J D'Agostino, JA Gerdes, M Hoffman, C Bernbaum, J Rintoul, NE Flake, AW Adzick, NS Hedrick, HL AF Danzer, Enrico Siegle, Jennifer D'Agostino, Jo Ann Gerdes, Marsha Hoffman, Casey Bernbaum, Judy Rintoul, Natalie E. Flake, Alan W. Adzick, N. Scott Hedrick, Holly L. TI Early Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Infants with High-Risk Fetal Lung Lesions SO FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Fetal lung lesion; Fetal intervention; Ex utero intrapartum therapy; Neurodevelopment; Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III; Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III ID CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION; INTERDISCIPLINARY FOLLOW-UP; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; FETUS; EXPERIENCE; SURGERY AB Objective: To evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with high-risk fetal lung lesions defined as (1) requiring fetal intervention and/or ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT), or (2) acute respiratory decompensation postnatally necessitating emergent resection within 48 h of life. Methods:We reviewed the medical records of 13 consecutive patients with high-risk fetal lung lesions who were enrolled in our prospective interdisciplinary follow-up program. Neurodevelopmental status was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (children <= 3 years, n = 12), or the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III (children >= 4 years, n = 1). Results: Eight children (62%) underwent prenatal intervention (EXIT, n = 6; fetal resection, n = 1; intrauterine shunt placement, n = 1), and 5 (38%) required emergent resection postnatally. Median age at evaluation was 25 months (range: 5-80). Average scores for cognitive development were found in all children assessed under 3 years of age. The one child who was tested for cognitive ability at 6 years of age scored in the borderline range of intellectual functioning. For language outcome, 15% scored above average, 54% scored within the average range, and 31% had mild deficits. Overall, 77% scored within the average range for neuromotor outcome, while 23% scored within the mildly delayed range. None of the children had severe delays. Cognitive, language, and psychomotor scores were similar between both groups. Hypotonicity was found in 23%. Autism was suspected in one child who underwent an EXIT procedure and was postnatally diagnosed with mosaic trisomy 18. Conclusion:The majority of children with high-risk fetal lung lesions have age-appropriate neurodevelopmental scores. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Hedrick, Holly L.] Childrens Hosp, Ctr Fetal Diag & Treatment, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hedrick, HL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Ctr Fetal Diag & Treatment, 5th Floor Wood Ctr,34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 AR 237 DI 10.1186/gb-2012-13-1-237 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 960LS UT WOS:000305390300012 PM 22269335 ER PT J AU Roke, Y van Harten, PN Buitelaar, JK Tenback, DE de Rijke, YB Boot, AM AF Roke, Yvette van Harten, Peter N. Buitelaar, Jan K. Tenback, Diederik E. de Rijke, Yolanda B. Boot, Annemieke M. TI Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia and Testosterone Levels in Boys SO HORMONE RESEARCH IN PAEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Hyperprolactinemia; Adolescents; Testosterone; Puberty; Antipsychotics ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; SELF-ASSESSMENT; ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; CHILDREN; RISPERIDONE; ADOLESCENTS; MEDICATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; RELIABILITY AB Aims: This cross-sectional study investigates the effect of antipsychotic (AP)-induced hyperprolactinemia on testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B, and puberty in boys with mainly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: One hundred and four physically healthy 10- to 19-year-old boys with ASD or disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) were recruited between October 2006 and November 2009. Fifty-six adolescents had been treated with AP for >16 months; 48 had never been exposed to AP. Morning non-fasting levels of serum prolactin, testosterone, LH, FSH and inhibin B were obtained and Tanner pubertal stage was determined. Patients with hyperprolactinemia (n = 28) were compared to those without hyperprolactinemia (n = 76) using non-parametric or parametric tests, as appropriate. Results: Patients with AP-induced hyperprolactinemia had significantly lower testosterone levels with adjustment for age (p = 0.035) compared to patients without hyperprolactinemia and without AP treatment. The difference was not significant within the AP-treated group, and the level of testosterone was within the reference range compared to age- and gender-matched normative data. There was no between-group difference for LH, FSH, inhibin B or Tanner stages. Conclusion: AP-induced hyperprolactinemia is related to significantly lower testosterone levels in pubertal boys with ASD and DBD. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Roke, Yvette; van Harten, Peter N.; Tenback, Diederik E.] GGz Cent Psychiat Ctr, NL-3800 DB Amersfoort, Netherlands. [van Harten, Peter N.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, EURON,Dept Psychiat & Psychol, S Limburg Mental Hlth Res & Teaching Network, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Tenback, Diederik E.] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Buitelaar, Jan K.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Cognit Neurosci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Buitelaar, Jan K.] Karakter Child & Adolescent Psychiat Univ Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [de Rijke, Yolanda B.] Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Chem, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [de Rijke, Yolanda B.] Erasmus MC, Dept Endocrine Lab, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Boot, Annemieke M.] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Paediat, Div Paediat Endocrinol, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Roke, Y (reprint author), GGz Cent Psychiat Ctr, POB 3051, NL-3800 DB Amersfoort, Netherlands. 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Res. Paediatr. PY 2012 VL 77 IS 4 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1159/000337910 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 964FC UT WOS:000305678400005 PM 22538969 ER PT J AU Altenmuller, E Demorest, SM Fujioka, T Halpern, AR Hannon, EE Loui, P Majno, M Oechslin, MS Osborne, N Overy, K Palmer, C Peretz, I Pfordresher, PQ Sarkamo, T Wan, CY Zatorre, RJ AF Altenmueller, E. Demorest, S. M. Fujioka, T. Halpern, A. R. Hannon, E. E. Loui, P. Majno, M. Oechslin, M. S. Osborne, N. Overy, K. Palmer, C. Peretz, I. Pfordresher, P. Q. Sarkamo, T. Wan, C. Y. Zatorre, R. J. GP Annals NY Acad Sci TI Introduction to The Neurosciences and Music IV: Learning and Memory SO NEUROSCIENCES AND MUSIC IV: LEARNING AND MEMORY SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material CT Conference on Neurosciences and Music-IV - Learning and Memory CY JUN 09-12, 2011 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Mariani Fdn, Inst Mus Human & Social Dev HO Univ Edinburgh DE music; neuroscience; learning; memory; children ID AUDITORY-CORTEX; FAMILIAR SONGS; ABSOLUTE PITCH; HUMAN BRAIN; SPEECH; RHYTHM; ENCULTURATION; PERCEPTION; EXPERIENCE; EXPERTISE AB The conference entitled "The Neurosciences and Music-IV: Learning and Memory" was held at the University of Edinburgh from June 9-12, 2011, jointly hosted by the Mariani Foundation and the Institute for Music in Human and Social Development, and involving nearly 500 international delegates. Two opening workshops, three large and vibrant poster sessions, and nine invited symposia introduced a diverse range of recent research findings and discussed current research directions. Here, the proceedings are introduced by the workshop and symposia leaders on topics including working with children, rhythm perception, language processing, cultural learning, memory, musical imagery, neural plasticity, stroke rehabilitation, autism, and amusia. The rich diversity of the interdisciplinary research presented suggests that the future of music neuroscience looks both exciting and promising, and that important implications for music rehabilitation and therapy are being discovered. C1 [Osborne, N.; Overy, K.] Univ Edinburgh, IMHSD, Edinburgh EH8 9DF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Altenmueller, E.] Hannover Univ Mus Drama & Media, Inst Mus Physiol & Musicians Med, Hannover, Germany. [Demorest, S. M.] Univ Washington, Sch Mus, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fujioka, T.] Univ Toronto, Rotman Res Inst, Baycrest, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Halpern, A. R.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Psychol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Hannon, E. E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Loui, P.; Wan, C. Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Loui, P.; Wan, C. Y.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Majno, M.] Fdn Pierfranco & Luisa Mariani, Milan, Italy. [Oechslin, M. S.] Univ Geneva, Geneva Neurosci Ctr, Geneva, Switzerland. [Palmer, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Peretz, I.; Zatorre, R. J.] Univ Montreal, BRAMS, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Pfordresher, P. Q.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Sarkamo, T.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Behav Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Overy, K (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, IMHSD, Alison House,12 Nicolson Sq, Edinburgh EH8 9DF, Midlothian, Scotland. 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PY 2012 VL 1252 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06474.x PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BAU07 UT WOS:000305518900001 PM 22524334 ER PT J AU Molnar-Szakacs, I Heaton, P AF Molnar-Szakacs, Istvan Heaton, Pamela GP Annals NY Acad Sci TI Music: a unique window into the world of autism SO NEUROSCIENCES AND MUSIC IV: LEARNING AND MEMORY SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Neurosciences and Music-IV - Learning and Memory CY JUN 09-12, 2011 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Mariani Fdn, Inst Mus Human & Social Dev HO Univ Edinburgh DE ASD; alexithymia; insula; mirror neurons; emotion ID MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION; UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONS; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; BRAIN; RECOGNITION; IMITATION AB Understanding emotions is fundamental to our ability to navigate the complex world of human social interaction. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience difficulties with the communication and understanding of emotions within the social domain. Their ability to interpret other people's nonverbal, facial, and bodily expressions of emotion is strongly curtailed. However, there is evidence to suggest that many individuals with ASD show a strong and early preference for music and are able to understand simple and complex musical emotions in childhood and adulthood. The dissociation between emotion recognition abilities in musical and social domains in individuals with ASD provides us with the opportunity to consider the nature of emotion processing difficulties characterizing this disorder. There has recently been a surge of interest in musical abilities in individuals with ASD, and this has motivated new behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Here, we review this new work. We conclude by providing some questions for future directions. C1 [Molnar-Szakacs, Istvan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Heaton, Pamela] Univ London, Univ London Goldsmiths Coll, Dept Psychol, London, England. RP Molnar-Szakacs, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 760 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM imolnar@ucla.edu FU Fondazione Mariani; University of Edinburgh; GRAMMY Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Fondazione Mariani and the University of Edinburgh for their support of The Neurosciences and Music conference, which made this collaboration possible. P.H. would like to acknowledge Laura Bott and Kathy Filer for data collection and analysis. I.M.-Sz. would like to acknowledge the GRAMMY Foundation for their support of the work described here. 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GP Annals NY Acad Sci TI Auditory-musical processing in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and brain imaging studies SO NEUROSCIENCES AND MUSIC IV: LEARNING AND MEMORY SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Review CT Conference on Neurosciences and Music-IV - Learning and Memory CY JUN 09-12, 2011 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Mariani Fdn, Inst Mus Human & Social Dev HO Univ Edinburgh DE auditory; autism; music; pitch; brain ID HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRIES; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE-STYLE; ABSOLUTE PITCH; COMPLEX SOUNDS; WHITE-MATTER; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION; DISCRIMINATION AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypical social and communication skills, repetitive behaviors, and atypical visual and auditory perception. Studies in vision have reported enhanced detailed ("local") processing but diminished holistic ("global") processing of visual features in ASD. Individuals with ASD also show enhanced processing of simple visual stimuli but diminished processing of complex visual stimuli. Relative to the visual domain, auditory global-local distinctions, and the effects of stimulus complexity on auditory processing in ASD, are less clear. However, one remarkable finding is that many individuals with ASD have enhanced musical abilities, such as superior pitch processing. This review provides a critical evaluation of behavioral and brain imaging studies of auditory processing with respect to current theories in ASD. We have focused on auditory-musical processing in terms of global versus local processing and simple versus complex sound processing. This review contributes to a better understanding of auditory processing differences in ASD. A deeper comprehension of sensory perception in ASD is key to better defining ASD phenotypes and, in turn, may lead to better interventions. C1 [Ouimet, Tia; Foster, Nicholas E. 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Rayner, Keith TI Eye movements reveal no immediate "WOW" ("which one's weird") effect in autism spectrum disorder SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Eye movements; Online cognitive processing; Complex information processing ID VISUAL-SEARCH; INFORMATION; PERCEPTION; ATTENTION AB Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developed (TD) adult participants viewed pairs of scenes for a simple "spot the difference" (STD) and a complex "which one's weird" (WOW) task. There were no group differences in the STD task. In the WOW task, the ASD group took longer to respond manually and to begin fixating the target "weird" region. Additionally, as indexed by the first-fixation duration into the target region, the ASD group failed to "pick up" immediately on what was "weird". The findings are discussed with reference to the complex information processing theory of ASD (Minshew & Goldstein, 1998). 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PY 2012 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1150 DI 10.1080/17470218.2011.644305 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Physiology GA 962IK UT WOS:000305536900010 PM 22360368 ER PT J AU Light, J McNaughton, D AF Light, Janice McNaughton, David TI Supporting the Communication, Language, and Literacy Development of Children with Complex Communication Needs: State of the Science and Future Research Priorities SO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AAC; augmentative and alternative communication; autism spectrum disorders; cerebral palsy; children; communication; Down syndrome; language; literacy; multiple disabilities ID DISPLAY AAC TECHNOLOGIES; SPEECH PRODUCTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AIDED AAC; DISABILITIES; DESIGN; INTERVENTION; INDIVIDUALS; PERFORMANCE; LAYOUTS AB Children with complex communication needs (CCN) resulting from autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and other disabilities are severely restricted in their participation in educational, vocational, family, and community environments. There is a substantial body of research that demonstrates convincingly that children with CCN derive substantial benefits from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in their development of communication, language and literacy skills, with no risk to their speech development. Future research must address two significant challenges in order to maximize outcomes for children with CCN: (1) investigating how to improve the design of AAC apps/ technologies so as to better meet the breadth of communication needs for the diverse population of children with CCN; and (2) ensuring the effective translation of these evidence-based AAC interventions to the everyday lives of children with CCN so that the possible becomes the probable. This article considers each of these challenges in turn, summarizing the state of the science as well as directions for future research and development. 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PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1080/10400435.2011.648717 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 957QD UT WOS:000305176800005 ER PT J AU McNaughton, D Bryen, D Blackstone, S Williams, M Kennedy, P AF McNaughton, David Bryen, Diane Blackstone, Sarah Williams, Michael Kennedy, Pamela TI Young Adults with Complex Communication Needs: Research and Development in AAC for a "Diverse" Population SO ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autism; AAC; augmentative and alternative communication; cerebral palsy transition; young adult ID ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION; AUGMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION; LONELINESS EXPERIENCES; DISABILITIES; TECHNOLOGIES; CHALLENGES; INDIVIDUALS; EMPLOYMENT; SUPPORTS; PEOPLE AB A successful transition to adult society requires attention to four major goals: (a) have a safe and supportive place to live; (b) participate in meaningful activities; (c) maintain access to needed services; and (d) develop friendships and intimate relationships. 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TI Emotion lateralisation: Developments throughout the lifespan Introduction SO LATERALITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hemispheric lateralisation; Emotion recognition; Lifespan approach; Neuropsychological developments. ID FUNCTIONAL CEREBRAL ASYMMETRIES; FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION; UNILATERAL BRAIN-DAMAGE; CHIMERIC-FACES; HEMISPHERIC-ASYMMETRY; PERCEPTUAL ASYMMETRY; 7-MONTH-OLD INFANTS; CRADLING BIAS; OLDER ADULTS; AUTISM AB There is a great amount of research on hemispheric lateralisation for processing emotions and on the recognition of emotions across the lifespan. However, few researchers have explored the links between these two measures. This paper highlights how trends in these two research areas inform our understanding of how lateralisation for emotion processing may influence emotion recognition performance throughout the lifespan, including if the development of emotion lateralisation is a response to our environmental experiences of learning (experience dependent) or a result of having specific experiences at a particular time (experience expectant). The development of emotion lateralisation across the lifespan (infancy through to late adulthood) is explored with reference to past research and through the integration of the novel research offered within this special issue of Laterality. We also explore what we can learn from atypical populations. We propose that researchers need to focus on three key avenues of future research (longitudinal research, investigating the role of hormones, and research that explores the evolution of laterality) all which will provide greater insight into the development of laterality and how this may be associated with emotion processing. C1 [Watling, Dawn; Bourne, Victoria J.] Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Workman, Lance] Bath Spa Univ, Dept Psychol, Bath, Avon, England. RP Watling, D (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Psychol, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. 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Moreover, the development of this left hemispatial advantage was observed to correlate positively with the ability to read emotions in the faces of others. Adopting the UCFT, the current study compared autistic children (11-15) with unimpaired children of two age groups (5-6 and 7-8) from this previous study. The autistic children showed a left hemispatial/RH advantage only for the two emotional expressions of "happiness" and "anger". Results for the autistic children revealed a similar overall pattern of lateralisation to the 5-6-yearolds and one that is less lateralised than the pattern for the 7-8-year-olds. Autistic children appear to show a developmental deficit for left hemispatial/RH advantage for emotional expression with the exception of "happiness" and "anger." The findings are discussed in terms of role hemisphericity and an approach-avoidance model. C1 [Taylor, Sandie; Workman, Lance; Yeomans, Heather] Bath Spa Univ, Bath BA2 9BN, Avon, England. 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Bourne, Victoria J. TI Strength of lateralisation for processing facial emotion in relation to autistic traits in individuals without autism SO LATERALITY LA English DT Article DE Hemispheric specialisations; Emotion processing; Autistic phenotype; Sex differences ID UNILATERAL BRAIN-DAMAGE; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; CHIMERIC FACES; PERCEPTUAL BIASES; CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SEX-DIFFERENCES; WHITE-MATTER; ASYMMETRY AB A great number of studies have shown that non-clinical individuals rely predominantly on the right hemisphere to process facial emotion. Previous studies have shown that males suffering from Asperger's syndrome show a typical right hemisphere bias for processing facial emotion (happiness and sadness) but a reduced right hemisphere bias for processing facial identity. This study looks at the lateralisation of all six basic emotions using the chimeric faces test in 64 non-clinical participants (32 males, 32 females) and correlates it with their autistic traits measured using the Broad Autistic Phenotype Questionnaire. For males only, regression analyses showed a relationship between the aloof personality trait and lateralisation for fear, happiness, and surprise. Males with high autistic scores on the aloof personality subscale (showing a lack of interest in social interaction) were more strongly lateralised to the right hemisphere for processing fear, happiness, and surprise. For males there was no relationship with anger, disgust, sadness, or non-facial stimuli, and for females there were no significant relationships at all. The autistic traits of rigidity and pragmatic language were not significant predictors of emotion lateralisation. The over-reliance on the right hemisphere for processing facial emotion in males seems to support the idea that the autistic brain could be seen as hyper-masculinised, possibly due to prenatal testosterone exposure. C1 [Vladeanu, Matei] Brunel Univ, Sch Social Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Monteith-Hodge, Ewa M.; Bourne, Victoria J.] Univ Dundee, Dundee, Scotland. RP Vladeanu, M (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Sch Social Sci, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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Fouquet, Nathalie C. Maycock, Nicola C. Platt, Eleanor Payne, Laura S. Derrett, Abigail TI Processing emotion from the eyes: A divided visual field and ERP study SO LATERALITY LA English DT Article DE Emotion; Hemispheric asymmetry; Baron-Cohen's eyes test; N170; Right hemisphere ageing ID AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE DECLINE; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ADULT LIFE-SPAN; FACE PERCEPTION; FACIAL EMOTION; TEMPORAL CORTEX; CHIMERIC-FACES; N170 COMPONENT AB The right cerebral hemisphere is preferentially involved in recognising at least some facial expressions of emotion. We investigated whether there is a laterality effect in judging emotions from the eyes. In one task a pair of emotionally expressive eyes presented in central vision had to be physically matched to a subsequently presented set of eyes in one or other visual hemifield (eyes condition). In the second task a word was presented centrally followed by a set of eyes to left or right hemifield and the participant had to decide whether the word correctly described the emotion portrayed by the laterally presented set of eyes (word condition). Participants were a group of undergraduate students and a group of older volunteers (> 50). There was no visual hemifield difference in accuracy or raw response times in either task for either group, but log-transformed times showed an overall left hemifield advantage. Contrary to the right hemisphere ageing hypothesis, older participants showed no evidence of a relative right hemisphere decline in performance on the tasks. In the younger group mean peak amplitude of the N170 component of the EEG at lateral posterior electrode sites was significantly greater over the right hemisphere (T6/PO2) than the left (T5/PO1) in both the perceptual recognition task and the emotional judgement task. 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To confront these challenges the pediatricians and primary care physicians have to be in the forefront of informed vaccination strategies in order to deliver the highest possible vaccine protection to the pediatric population while ate the same time avoiding complications. The general principles underlying side-effects and complications of active immunization are laid out. Next, specific risk factors are discussed: allergy, prematurity, immunospuression and central nervous system disorders. Finally, the issue of association of vaccination and autism, Crohn disease, multiple sclerosis and sudden infant death syndrome is discussed. C1 Klin Bolnicki Ctr Zagreb, Klin Pedijatriju, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Richter, D (reprint author), Klin Bolnicki Ctr Zagreb, Klin Pedijatriju, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 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A study of parental (n = 95) and professional (n = 67) experiences was carried out in relation to two settings: (a) schools that provided intensive interventions based on the science of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and (b) non-intensive ABA-based home programs. Results show that parents whose children attend ABA-based schools were generally more satisfied with their child's educational provision, monitoring procedures, and level of staff training, than parents who were not offered ABA-based education in schools. C1 [Dillenburger, Karola] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Educ, Belfast BT7 1HL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Keenan, Mickey; Gallagher, Stephen] Univ Ulster, Sch Psychol, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Doherty, Alvin] Learning Disabil Serv, Letterkenny, Ireland. [Byrne, Tony] PEAT, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Dillenburger, K (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Educ, 69-71 Univ St, Belfast BT7 1HL, Antrim, North Ireland. 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TI Reach trajectories reveal delayed processing of low spatial frequency faces in developmental prosopagnosia SO COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spatial frequency; Developmental prosopagnosia; Face processing; Reach trajectories ID CONGENITAL PROSOPAGNOSIA; OBJECT RECOGNITION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; MEMORY TEST; PERCEPTION; INFORMATION; AUTISM; EMOTIONS; DISORDER; CHILDREN AB Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is characterized by a selective deficit in face recognition despite normal cognitive and neurological functioning. Previous research has established configural processing deficits in DP subjects. Low spatial frequency (LSF) information subserves configural face processing. Using hybrid stimuli, here we examined the evolution of perceptual dynamics and integration of LSF information by DP subjects while they pointed to high spatial frequency (HSF) face targets. Permutation analysis revealed a 230-ms delay in LSF processing by DP subjects as compared to controls. 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TI Methylation and Expression Analyses of the 7q Autism Susceptibility Locus Genes MEST, COPG2, and TSGA14 in Human and Anthropoid Primate Cortices SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorder; Brain evolution; Communication abilities; COPG2; Gene expression; Imprinting; MEST; Primate evolution; Promoter methylation; Social brain ID DNA METHYLATION; IMPRINTED GENE; HUMAN GENOME; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; CHIMPANZEES; BRAIN; GAMMA-2-COP; INHERITANCE; DYNAMICS AB The autism susceptibility locus on human chromosome 7q32 contains the maternally imprinted MEST and the non-imprinted COPG2 and TSGA14 genes. Autism is a disorder of the 'social brain' that has been proposed to be due to an overbalance of paternally expressed genes. To study regulation of the 7q32 locus during anthropoid primate evolution, we analyzed the methylation and expression patterns of MEST, COPG2, and TSGA14 in human, chimpanzee, Old World monkey (baboon and rhesus macaque), and New World monkey (marmoset) cortices. In all human and anthropoid primate cortices, the MEST promoter was hemimethylated, as expected for a differentially methylated imprinting control region, whereas the COPG2 and TSGA14 promoters were completely demethylated, typical for transcriptionally active non-imprinted genes. The MEST gene also showed comparable mRNA expression levels in all analyzed species. In contrast, COPG2 expression was downregulated in the human cortex compared to chimpanzee, Old and New World monkeys. TSGA14 either showed no differential regulation in the human brain compared to chimpanzee and marmoset or a slight upregulation compared to baboon. The human-specific downregulation supports a role for COPG2 in the development of a 'social brain'. Promoter methylation patterns appear to be more stable during evolution than gene expression patterns, suggesting that other mechanisms may be more important for inter-primate differences in gene expression. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Haaf, T.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Human Genet, Bioctr, DE-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Mayer, S.; Zechner, U.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Human Genet, Mainz, Germany. [Navarro, B.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Legal Med, Univ Med Ctr, Mainz, Germany. [Zischler, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anthropol, Mainz, Germany. [Jensen, L. R.; Kuss, A. W.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Interfac Inst Genet & Funct Genom, Greifswald, Germany. [Fuchs, E.] German Primate Ctr, Clin Neurobiol Lab, Gottingen, Germany. [Kondova, I.; Bontrop, R. E.] Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Dept Comparat Genet & Refinement, Rijswijk, Netherlands. RP Haaf, T (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Human Genet, Bioctr, DE-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. 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TI Small Recurrent Deletions and Reciprocal Duplications in 2q21.1, Including Brain-Specific ARHGEF4 and GPR148, in Patients with Developmental Delay, ADHD, Autism, and Epilepsy SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Biennial American Cytogenetics Conference (ACC) CY APR 19-22, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX C1 [Dharmadhikari, A. V.; Kang, S. -H. L.; Szafranski, P.; Person, R. E.; Sampath, S.; Craigen, W. J.; Wiszniewska, J.; Patel, A.; Bi, W.; Lupski, J. R.; Belmont, J.; Cheung, S. W.; Stankiewicz, P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Prakash, S. K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX USA. [Phillips, J. A., III; Hannig, V.; Williams, M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Div Med Genet & Genom Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Bader, P. I.] NE Indiana Genet Counseling Ctr, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Vinson, S. S.; Wilfong, A. A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lupski, J. 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PY 2012 VL 136 IS 4 MA 6 BP 326 EP 326 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 955BV UT WOS:000304993000018 ER PT J AU Perez, NG de Miguel, MS Freijo, EA AF Galende Perez, Nuria Sanchez de Miguel, Manuel Arranz Freijo, Enrique TI PROPOSAL OF EVALUATION AND EMPOWERMENT OF THE THEORY OF MIND IN THE FAMILY CONTEXT OF 5-YEARS-OLD CHILDREN SO EDUCACION XX1 LA Spanish DT Article DE ToM; preschoolers; assessment; enhancement ID FALSE-BELIEF; TALK; LANGUAGE; AUTISM; ABILITIES; STATES; REHABILITATION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; CONVERSATIONS; METAANALYSIS AB This paper presents a proposal for assessing 5-year-old children's Theory of Mind (ToM) at school, as well as an educative proposal to enhance it in the family context. Given the important cognitive and socio-emotional implications of this ability, the paper describes a group of orientations -based on the empirical data from research on this field- which parents can follow up, with a professional's supervision, to enhance their children's ToM development. The proposal affects issues such as enhancing the bonding, the quality of fraternal relations, the use of democratic discipline, expression and regulation of emotions, stimulation of language development, promoting awareness of mental states, intentions and desires of others and the practice of distancing strategies. C1 [Galende Perez, Nuria] Univ Basque Country, Fac Psicol, Dept Proc Psicol Basicos & Desarrollo, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. RP Perez, NG (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, Fac Psicol, Dept Proc Psicol Basicos & Desarrollo, Avda Tolosa 70, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. 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XX1 PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 293 EP 314 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 951MY UT WOS:000304725900014 ER PT J AU Chan, AS Sze, SL Han, YMY Cheung, MC AF Chan, Agnes S. Sze, Sophia L. Han, Yvonne M. Y. Cheung, Mei-chun TI A Chan Dietary Intervention Enhances Executive Functions and Anterior Cingulate Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial SO EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC TOMOGRAPHY; RESPONSE-INHIBITION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; CENTRAL COHERENCE; VEGETARIAN DIETS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEFICITS; ADULTS; BRAIN; INDIVIDUALS AB Executive dysfunctions have been found to be related to repetitive/disinhibited behaviors and social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study aims to investigate the potential effect of a Shaolin-medicine-based dietary modification on improving executive functions and behavioral symptoms of ASD and exploring the possible underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Twenty-four children with ASD were randomly assigned into the experimental (receiving dietary modification for one month) and the control (no modification) groups. Each child was assessed on his/her executive functions, behavioral problems based on parental ratings, and event-related electroencephalography (EEG) activity during a response-monitoring task before and after the one month. The experimental group demonstrated significantly improved mental flexibility and inhibitory control after the diet modification, which continued to have a large effect size within the low-functioning subgroup. Such improvements coincided with positive evaluations by their parents on social communication abilities and flexible inhibitory control of daily behaviors and significantly enhanced event-related EEG activity at the rostral and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvements. These positive outcomes of a one-month dietary modification on children with ASD have implicated its potential clinical applicability for patients with executive function deficits. C1 [Chan, Agnes S.; Sze, Sophia L.; Han, Yvonne M. Y.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chan, Agnes S.; Sze, Sophia L.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Integrat Neuropsychol Rehabil Ctr, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Han, Yvonne M. Y.] Hong Kong Inst Educ, Dept Special Educ & Counselling, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cheung, Mei-chun] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text & Clothing, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chan, AS (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Neuropsychol Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM aschan@psy.cuhk.edu.hk FU Hong Kong Polytechnic University [J-BB6S] FX This study was partly supported by a donation from Mr. Sau Hung Li to The Chinese University of Hong Kong and partly by the Niche Areas Funding (J-BB6S) from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The authors would like to especially thank Venerable Master Dejian of the Sanhuangzhai Monastery for his effort in developing and generosity in sharing the Chinese Chan-medicine-based mind-body intervention. They are also thankful to the parents who have participated in this study and assisted in recruiting participants. Appreciation is also extended to Debbie Yan, Lan He, Man-ying Mo, Beth Chiu, Eric Chan, Queenie Wong, and Connie Leung for their efforts in data collection and data management. 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Sigman, Marian Hutman, Ted TI Eye-Tracking as a Measure of Responsiveness to Joint Attention in Infants at Risk for Autism SO INFANCY LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN; GAZE; AGE; DISORDERS; SPECTRUM; DEFICITS AB Reduced responsiveness to joint attention (RJA), as assessed by the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS), is predictive of both subsequent language difficulties and autism diagnosis. Eye-tracking measurement of RJA is a promising prognostic tool because it is highly precise and standardized. However, the construct validity of eye-tracking assessments of RJA has not been established. By comparing RJA an eye-tracking paradigm to responsiveness to joint attention during the ESCS, the current study evaluated the construct validity of an eye-tracking assessment of RJA for 18-month-old infant siblings of children with autism. 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Gend. Stud. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1080/09589236.2012.661567 PG 18 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Women's Studies GA 952GN UT WOS:000304779700002 ER PT J AU Siller, SS Broadie, K AF Siller, Saul S. Broadie, Kendal TI Matrix Metalloproteinases andMinocycline: Therapeutic Avenues for Fragile X Syndrome SO NEURAL PLASTICITY LA English DT Review ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; DENDRITIC SPINE DEVELOPMENT; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MOUSE MODEL; MESSENGER-RNA; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; PHARMACOLOGICAL RESCUE; TEMPORAL REQUIREMENTS AB Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known genetic form of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. FXS patients suffer a broad range of other neurological symptoms, including hyperactivity, disrupted circadian activity cycles, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and childhood seizures. The high incidence and devastating effects of this disease state make finding effective pharmacological treatments imperative. Recently, reports in both mouse and Drosophila FXS disease models have indicated that the tetracycline derivative minocycline may hold great therapeutic promise for FXS patients. Both models strongly suggest that minocycline acts on the FXS disease state via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs), a class of zinc-dependent extracellular proteases important in tissue remodeling and cell-cell signaling. Recent FXS clinical trials indicate that minocycline may be effective in treating human patients. In this paper, we summarize the recent studies in Drosophila and mouse FXS disease models and human FXS patients, which indicate that minocycline may be an effective FXS therapeutic treatment, and discuss the data forming the basis for the proposed minocycline mechanism of action as an MMP inhibitor. C1 [Siller, Saul S.; Broadie, Kendal] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Stn B, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Siller, Saul S.; Broadie, Kendal] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Stn B, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Siller, Saul S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Broadie, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kennedy Ctr Res Human Dev, Stn B, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM kendal.broadie@vanderbilt.edu FU National Institutes of Health [MH084989, GM54544]; NIHGM MSTP [T32-GM008444] FX The authors are grateful to Broadie Laboratory members, especially Drs. Cheryl Gatto and Lane Coffee, for guidance and suggestions during preparation of this paper. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health R01 Grants MH084989 and GM54544 to K. Broadie. S. S. Siller was also supported by NIHGM MSTP Training award T32-GM008444. 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Plast. PY 2012 AR 124548 DI 10.1155/2012/124548 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 955ZF UT WOS:000305058700001 ER PT J AU Hausser, LF AF Haeusser, Leonard F. TI Empathy and Mirror Neurons. A View on Contemporary Neuropsychological Empathy Research SO PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE LA German DT Review DE empathy; mirror neurons; emotional contagion; perspective taking ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SHARED MANIFOLD HYPOTHESIS; SOCIAL COGNITION; NEURAL BASIS; IMITATION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM; SELF; INDIVIDUALS; DYSFUNCTION AB Empathy and Mirror Neurons. A View on Contemporary Neuropsychological Empathy Research Neurons firing both to specific actions performed by self and matching actions performed by others are classified as mirror neurons. Since its discovery in 1991, this phenomenon has been surveyed in the field of motor and sensorimotor function and incipiently in the field of language and emotions. The research group of Giacomo Rizzolatti assumes that mirror neurons form the biological basis of compassion and thereby of affective empathic experience. The research regarding mirror neurons is yet in early stages and further research is required to specify mirror neuron systems. In view of empathy it is the insula which is of central importance for the recognition of disgust. The discovery of mirror neurons allows a comprehension of empathy as an immediate and compassionate partaking of a response, enabling an understanding of the other persons feeling. At the same time, the resonating affect remains allocated to the other person, distinguishing this comprehensive process from a mere emotional contagion. At present, the phenomenon of mirror neurons is gaining clinical relevance in the field of autism spectrum disorders and apoplexia. One's own ability for empathy as well as promoting empathetic abilities of others is of central importance for the clinical praxis, in particular concerning the treatment of children and adolescents. RP Hausser, LF (reprint author), Perlebergerstr 32, D-10559 Berlin, Germany. 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Kinderpsychol. Kinderpsychiatr. PY 2012 VL 61 IS 5 BP 322 EP 335 PG 14 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 956NO UT WOS:000305096600003 PM 22957393 ER PT J AU Ching, HD Pringsheim, T AF Ching, Heidi Pringsheim, Tamara TI Aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SCALE; DOUBLE-BLIND; ASPERGERS-DISORDER; OPEN-LABEL; CHILDREN; IRRITABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Back ground Autism spectrumdisorders (ASD) include Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Irritability related to ASD has been treated with antipsychotics. Aripiprazole, a third generation atypical antipsychotic, is a relatively new drug that has a unique mechanism of action different from other antipsychotics. Objectives To determine the safety and efficacy of aripiprazole for individuals with ASD. Search methods We searched the following databases on 4th May 2011: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2011, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1948 to April Week 3 2011), EMBASE (1980 to 2011 Week 17), PsycINFO (1887 to current), CINAHL (1937 to current), WorldCat, ZETOC, Autism Data, Conference Proceedings Index-S, Conference Proceedings Index -SSH, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. We searched for records published in 1990 or later, as this was the year aripiprazole became available. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials of aripiprazole versus placebo for the treatment of individuals with a diagnosis of ASD. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently collected, evaluated, and analyzed data. We performed meta-analysis for primary and secondary outcomes, when possible. Main results Two randomized controlled trials with similar methodology have evaluated the use of aripiprazole for a duration of eight weeks in 316 children with ASD. The included trials had a low risk of bias. Although we searched for studies across age groups, only studies in children and youths were found. Meta-analysis of study results revealed a mean improvement of 6.17 points on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) irritability subscale, 7.93 points on the ABC hyperactivity subscale, and 2.66 points in the stereotypy subscale in children treated with aripiprazole relative to children treated with a placebo. In terms of adverse side effects, children treated with aripiprazole had a greater increase in weight with a mean increase of 1.13 kg relative to placebo, and had a higher risk ratio for sedation (RR 4.28) and tremor (RR 10.26). Authors' conclusions Evidence from two randomized controlled trials suggests that aripiprazole can be effective in treating some behavioral aspects of ASD in children. After treatment with aripiprazole, children showed less irritability, hyperactivity, and stereotypies (repetitive, purposeless actions). Notable side effects must be considered, however, such as weight gain, sedation, drooling, and tremor. Longer studies of aripiprazole in individuals with ASD would be useful to gain information on long-term safety and efficacy. C1 [Pringsheim, Tamara] Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci & Pediat, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. [Ching, Heidi] Albany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RP Pringsheim, T (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Alberta Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci & Pediat, C4-431,2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada. EM tmprings@ucalgary.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Public Health Agency of Canada; Alberta Innovates Health Solutions; University of Calgary, Departement of Clinical Neurosciences, Canada FX Tamara Pringsheim - While my institution has accepted grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Public Health Agency of Canada and Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, and I have received a payment from Shire Canada for a lecture, I have no conflicts of interest to declare.Internal sourcesUniversity of Calgary, Departement of Clinical Neurosciences, Canada. 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PY 2012 IS 5 AR CD009043 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD009043.pub2 PG 42 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 943CY UT WOS:000304099300028 ER PT J AU Rieffe, C Camodeca, M Pouw, LBC Lange, AMC Stockmann, L AF Rieffe, Carolien Camodeca, Marina Pouw, Lucinda B. C. Lange, Aurelie M. C. Stockmann, Lex TI Don't anger me! Bullying, victimization, and emotion dysregulation in young adolescents with ASD SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Autism; Anger; Bullying; Guilt; Social and emotional functioning; Shame; Victimization ID AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PEER VICTIMIZATION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; REACTIVE AGGRESSION; SECONDARY-SCHOOL; CHILDREN; VICTIMS; BULLIES; SHAME; BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge regarding the role that emotional functioning can play in the genesis of bullying and victimization at school for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, we examined the unique associations of basic emotions (anger and fear) and moral emotions (shame and guilt) with bullying and victimization in children with an ASD and a control group with typically developing (TD) children. The study included 130 children and young adolescents (64 with ASD, 66 TD, M-age 140 months), who filled out self-report questionnaires. The main findings showed that in both groups less guilt and more anger were associated with more bullying. More fear was associated with more victimization in TD children only. Yet, more anger was also strongly and uniquely associated with more victimization in children with ASD, but not in TD children. These outcomes support the idea that lack of guilt is a pivotal antecedent of bullying for TD and ASD children. However, unlike TD children, the dysregulation of anger seems to play an important role in victimization as well as bullying in children with ASD. C1 [Rieffe, Carolien; Pouw, Lucinda B. C.; Lange, Aurelie M. C.] Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. [Rieffe, Carolien] Dutch Fdn Deaf & Hard Hearing Child, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Camodeca, Marina] Univ G dAnnunzio, Dept Neurosci & Imaging, Chieti, Italy. [Stockmann, Lex] Ctr Autism, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Rieffe, C (reprint author), Leiden Univ, POB 9555, NL-2300 RB Leiden, Netherlands. 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PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3 SI SI BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1080/17405629.2012.680302 PG 20 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 949TB UT WOS:000304597700005 ER PT J AU Dyson, L AF Dyson, Lily TI Strategies for and Successes with Promoting Social Integration in Primary Schools in Canada and China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Canada; China; disabilities; inclusion; primary schools; social integration; strategies; success ID SPECIAL-EDUCATION; INCLUSIVE SETTINGS; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; CLASSROOMS; STUDENTS; INDIVIDUALISM; COLLECTIVISM; COMPETENCE; AUTISM AB This study examined social integration in 11 primary schools in Canada and 19 primary schools in China as reported by teachers in terms of the strategies employed to promote social integration and success in achieving social integration. Structured interviews were conducted with 64 Canadian and 52 Chinese general education teachers. The results showed that the strategies used to promote social integration were largely similar in both countries. Major strategies included the provision of a positive social environment, the promoting of positive attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, and the implementation of cooperative learning techniques. These teachers in the two nations differed mainly in the degree of emphasis on the strategies and the levels of success. The author suggests that future studies involve more nationally representative samples. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Educ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Dyson, L (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Fac Educ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM ldyson@uvic.ca CR [Anonymous], 2011, 2 STEP Baker K, 2001, DISABIL SOC, V16, P71, DOI 10.1080/713662029 BERNS R. 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Eric TI Autism in a Family in China: An investigation and ethical consideration of sibling issues SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE autism; children; China; ethical theory; ethics; family; international; siblings ID BEHAVIORAL-ADJUSTMENT; CHILDREN; DISABILITIES; BROTHERS; SISTERS; POLICY AB Having a child with autism in China raises challenges for families. Some are similar to those of families in western countries, but others are unique. This study sought to understand one aspect-the dilemmas of having a second child in a country where having only one child is the norm, and where social welfare services are not developed. This study examined the experiences of one family from the time when the family were considering having a second child through to the time when the younger child was a teenager. The most salient issues were the changing perspectives on the sibling's role, and the responsibility and future burden of the sibling due to this responsibility. We use three ethical theories as a framework for analysis. The data suggested several benefits of having a second child and the possibilities for promoting opportunities and well-being, and not just responsibility and worry, in the second child. Areas of future research to expand this study are considered. C1 [McCabe, Helen] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Educ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Barnes, R. Eric] Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Philosophy, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP McCabe, H (reprint author), Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Educ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mccabe@hws.edu CR An J. Y., 2007, YIYAO LUNTAN ZAZHI, V28, P9 Attane I, 2002, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V33, P103, DOI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2002.00103.x Bogdan R. 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Disabil. Dev. Educ. PY 2012 VL 59 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1080/1034912X.2012.676440 PG 11 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 947YH UT WOS:000304470100006 ER PT J AU Ballerini, A AF Ballerini, Arnaldo TI Understanding Autism in Schizophrenia SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Detachment from external reality, distancing from others, closure into a sort of virtual hermitage, and prevalence of inner fantasies, are the descriptive aspects of autism. However, from an anthropological-phenomenological point of view, in schizophrenia, the autistic mode of life can arise from a person's being confronted with a pathological crisis in the obviousness of the intersubjective world, essentially a crisis in the intersubjective foundation of human presence. The "condition of possibility" of the autistic way of being is the deficiency of the operation that phenomenology call empathetic-intuitive constitution of the Other, an Other which is the naturalness of evidence of being a subject like me. The theme of the Other, of intersubjectivity, has become so central in the psychopathological analysis of schizophrenic disorders because the modifications of interhuman encounter cannot be seen as the secondary consequences of symptoms but constitute the fundamental disorder of schizophrenic alienation. Revision of the concept of autism from the original definition, centered on the prevalence of inner fantasies, leads to the profound change with the vision of autism as "loss" and "void." I call attention to possibility of phenomenological research to understand autistic world starting from this "void." C1 Univ Florence, Psychiat Specializat Sch, I-50121 Florence, Italy. RP Ballerini, A (reprint author), Univ Florence, Psychiat Specializat Sch, Via Venezia 14, I-50121 Florence, Italy. EM arnaldoballerini@tiscalinet.it CR Binswanger L., 1957, SCHIZOPHRENIE NESKE Cargnello D., 1993, PSICHIATRIA GENERALE, V31, P19 Gadamer H. G., 1967, KLEINE SCHRIFTEN, P93 Gallese V, 2003, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, V36, P171, DOI 10.1159/000072786 GLATZEL J, 1982, SCHWEIZ ARCH NEUROL, V130, P69 Heidegger M., 1927, SEIN Z Janzarik W., 1959, DYNAMISCHE GRUNDKONS Kimura B., 1992, ECRITS PSYCHOPATHOLO Minkowski E., 1997, AU DEL RATIONALISME Naudin J., 1997, VULNERABILITE DESTIN, P243 Ricoeur P., 1990, SOI MEME COME AUTRE Sadler J. Z., 1992, PHENOMENOLOGY LANGUA Stanghellini G., 1988, PSICHIATRIA GENERALE, V35, P183 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2012 AR 254091 DI 10.1100/2012/254091 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 949EQ UT WOS:000304559600001 ER PT J AU Sanders, MR AF Sanders, Matthew R. BE NolenHoeksema, S TI Development, Evaluation, and Multinational Dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 8 SE Annual Review of Clinical Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE public health; parenting; child health; child behavior; dissemination; evidence-based practice; Triple P-Positive Parenting Program ID BEHAVIORAL FAMILY INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY; AUTISM-SPECTRUM-DISORDER; SELF-CONTROL; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PREVENTION PROGRAM; PLANNED ACTIVITIES AB The quality of parenting children receive has a major influence on their development, well-being, and life opportunities. Of all the potentially modifiable influences that can be targeted through preventive interventions, none are more important than the quality of parenting children experience. Prevention interventions targeting parenting should be widely used to promote positive developmental outcomes for children and adolescents. This review argues that the development of comprehensive evidence-based strategies to improve the quality of parenting is best viewed as a major public health challenge. Using the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as an exemplar, the initial development, gradual transformation into a public health model, and then global dissemination of the approach is described. The assumptions underpinning the public health approach to parenting support are discussed, along with key criteria that need to be met for the approach to work. Factors that facilitate and impede the global implementation and dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs are considered along with implications for future research, policy, and practice. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Parenting & Family Support Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Sanders, MR (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, Parenting & Family Support Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. 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TI A Pilot Study of Shoulder Placement for Actigraphy in Children SO BEHAVIORAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SLEEP PATTERNS; TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT; VALIDATION; INSOMNIA AB Children with neurodevelopmental disorders may have difficulty tolerating devices that monitor sleep, presenting challenges in measuring sleep disturbances in this population. Although wrist actigraphy has advantages over polysomnography, some children remain unable to tolerate wrist placement. This study piloted an alternative site for actigraphy in 8 children with autism, ages 6-10 years. Results are presented from the 2 locations (custom pocket shoulder location and wrist location) using Bland-Altman limits of agreement and other statistical measures to compare sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. The use of an alternative actigraphy site for children with autism, who have difficulty tolerating actigraphy placement, appears promising and worthy of further study. C1 [Adkins, Karen W.; Goldman, Suzanne E.; Fawkes, Diane; Surdyka, Kyla; Malow, Beth A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Sleep Disorders Div, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Wang, Lily; Song, Yanna] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Adkins, KW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Sleep Disorders Div, 1161 21st Ave S,Room A-0116, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. 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South, Mikle TI Cognitive Control and Conflict Adaptation Similarities in Children and Adults SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; STROOP TASK; FLANKER TASK; PARAMETRIC MANIPULATION; TIME-COURSE; SIMON TASK; ERP; INTERFERENCE; AUTISM; ADJUSTMENTS AB Conflict adaptation effects occur when previous-trial congruency affects current-trial performance. We examined developmental differences in response time (RT), error rate, and electrophysiological (N450 and conflict slow-potential [conflict SP] event-related potentials [ERPs]) indices of conflict adaptation in 21 typically developing children and 26 adults during a Stroop task. Children exhibited significantly slower RTs, increased error rates, and increased ERP amplitudes relative to adults. Groups did not differ in magnitude of conflict adaptation for RTs, error rates, or the conflict SP. Neither group showed significant N450 conflict adaptation. Results suggest current indices of conflict adaptation do not differ between children and adults. C1 [Larson, Michael J.; Clawson, Ann; Clayson, Peter E.; South, Mikle] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Larson, Michael J.; South, Mikle] Brigham Young Univ, Ctr Neurosci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Larson, MJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Psychol, 244 TLRB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM michael_larson@byu.edu RI Larson, Michael/C-8543-2012; South, Mikle/H-4978-2013 OI South, Mikle/0000-0003-0152-1257 FU College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences at Brigham Young University FX This research has not been published or submitted elsewhere. The authors report no conflicts of interest. This research was funded by an internal grant from the College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences at Brigham Young University. 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TI Positioning, strategizing, and charming: how students with autism construct identities in relation to disability SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ethnography; autism; positioning theory; identity ID PERCEPTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; DISORDER; CHILDREN AB Contrary to views that young people with the label of autism are incapable of engaging in collective cultural practice, this article examines how they construct identities through social interactions to belong, compete, and participate. In a multi-sited ethnography of high school students with disabilities, we focused on two students as they move across contexts of school, debate team, and home. Over two years of interviews and participant observation, these students demonstrated nuanced efforts to distance themselves from the 'autistic' label. These acts of positioning illuminated how they negotiate identities with the knowledge their interactions shape how people perceive their participation in different contexts. 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Hill, Trenesha TI Exploring the Association Between Cognitive Functioning and Anxiety in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Social Understanding and Aggression SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; AMYGDALA VOLUME; CHILDHOOD; SYMPTOMS; POPULATION; COMPETENCE; DEPRESSION; SEROTONIN AB This study examined relations between anxiety, aggression, social understanding, IQ, and diagnosis in a sample of 231 children (ages 2-9) diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs; Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) in a hospital setting. Children were administered tests of IQ, and parents completed measures of remaining variables. ASD diagnosis was associated with level of anxiety, and level of IQ explained this relation. IQ was significantly and positively associated with anxiety. 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PY 2012 VL 41 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1080/15374416.2012.651994 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 945TD UT WOS:000304298000002 PM 22417187 ER PT J AU Beranova, S Hrdlicka, M AF Beranova, Stepanka Hrdlicka, Michal TI Early diagnosis and screening of autism spectrum disorders SO CESKOSLOVENSKA PSYCHOLOGIE LA Czech DT Article DE autism; autism spectrum disorders; early diagnosis; screening ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; TRAITS QUESTIONNAIRE ESAT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MODIFIED CHECKLIST; AGE; TODDLERS; POPULATION; LIFE; RECOGNITION; INFANCY AB Current findings on high prevalence (up to 1%) of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encourage further research in the field of early identification of these disorders. The article presents a review of current knowledge on early autistic symptomatology as well as on the methods of early diagnosis of ASD. Main screening studies carried out both on general population and samples of high-risk siblings of children already diagnosed with ASD are analysed. Parameters of following screening tests are discussed - Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT), Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT), Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) and First Year Inventory (FYI). In the end of the article the importance of early intervention is emphasized. C1 [Beranova, Stepanka; Hrdlicka, Michal] Charles Univ, LF 2, Detska Psychiat Klin, FN Motol, Prague 15006 5, Motol, Czech Republic. RP Beranova, S (reprint author), Charles Univ, LF 2, Detska Psychiat Klin, FN Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 15006 5, Motol, Czech Republic. 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Psychol. PY 2012 VL 56 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 941MN UT WOS:000303967400007 ER PT J AU Hattier, MA Matson, JL May, AC Whiting, SE AF Hattier, Megan A. Matson, Johnny L. May, Anna C. Whiting, Sara E. TI Repetitive/restricted behaviours and interests in children with cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Cerebral palsy; autism; stereotypy; rituals; toddlers; BISCUIT ID DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; INFANT SCREEN; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS; MOTOR IMPAIRMENT; TRAITS BISCUIT; GROSS MOTOR; DASH-II; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNICATION AB Objective: To inspect the presence and severity of deficits in restricted and/or repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods: Children studied (18-35 months of age) belonged to one of three diagnostic groups: children with CP and autism (n = 11), children with CP and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS; n = 10) and children with a sole diagnosis of CP (n = 15). A one-way, between subjects ANOVA was conducted on the Repetitive Behaviour/Restricted Interests domain of the Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits-Part 1 (BISCUIT-Part 1) and followed up with post-hoc tests. Percentage endorsements were also calculated for each item of this domain. Results: Children with CP+autism had significantly greater impairment. No significant differences were found between the CP+PDD-NOS and the CP alone groups. Conclusion: The implications of these findings are discussed. C1 [Hattier, Megan A.; Matson, Johnny L.; May, Anna C.; Whiting, Sara E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.657306 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 943BD UT WOS:000304094500002 PM 22582848 ER PT J AU Matson, JL Kozlowski, AM Hattier, MA Horovitz, M Sipes, M AF Matson, Johnny L. Kozlowski, Alison M. Hattier, Megan A. Horovitz, Max Sipes, Megan TI DSM-IV vs DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for toddlers with Autism SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE BISCUIT; autism; DSM-5; prevalence ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANT SCREEN; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; ADULTS; IMPAIRMENTS; RELIABILITY; FIDELITY; VALIDITY; BABY AB Purpose: To evaluate prevalence rates of autism and autism symptomatology in toddlers using DSM-IV vs DSM-5 criteria. Method: Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-one toddlers at risk for a developmental disability participated. DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria were applied and overall prevalence using each set of criteria was established. Groups were also compared on BISCUIT-Part 1 scores to determine if groups differed on autism symptomatology. Results: DSM-5 resulted in 47.79% fewer toddlers being diagnosed with ASD compared to those on the DSM-IV. Toddlers diagnosed according to DSM-5 exhibited greater levels of autism symptomatology than those diagnosed with DSM-IV, but the latter group still exhibited significant levels of autism symptomatology. Conclusion: The proposed DSM-5 will result in far fewer persons being diagnosed with ASD. These results replicate findings from two previous studies, with older children/adolescents and adults. As a result of these new criteria, far fewer people will qualify for needed autism services. C1 [Matson, Johnny L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Matson, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Psychol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.672341 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 943BD UT WOS:000304094500003 PM 22582849 ER PT J AU Falkmer, M Granlund, M Nilholm, C Falkmer, T AF Falkmer, Marita Granlund, Mats Nilholm, Claes Falkmer, Torbjorn TI From my perspective - Perceived participation in mainstream schools in students with autism spectrum conditions SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE education; elementary school; inclusion; integration; survey ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INTERVENTION; DISORDERS; SOCIALIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; LONELINESS; PREVALENCE; CLASSROOMS AB Objectives: To examine perceived participation in students with ASC and their classmates in mainstream schools and to investigate correlations between activities the students wanted to do and actually participated in. Methods: Twenty-two students with ASC and their 382 classmates responded to a 46-item questionnaire regarding perceived participation in mainstream schools. Results: On 57% of the items, students with ASC perceived lower participation than their classmates. These results emphasize the importance of knowledge about students' perceived participation. However, positive correlations between what the students wanted to do and actually did indicate that students with ASC may be participating to the extent that they wanted. Conclusion: Students with ASC perceived lower overall participation in mainstream school than their classmates. The correlations between "I want to" and "I do" statements in students with ASC indicated that aspects of autonomy are important to incorporate when studying, and interpreting, self-rated participation in mainstream schools. C1 [Falkmer, Torbjorn] Curtin Univ Technol, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst CHIRI, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Falkmer, Marita; Nilholm, Claes] Jonkoping Univ, Inst Disabil Res, Sch Educ & Commun, CHILD, Jonkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Marita] Municipal Council Norrkoping, Dept Educ, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Granlund, Mats] Jonkoping Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Inst Disabil Res, CHILD, Jonkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] La Trobe Univ, Sch Occupat Therapy, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Falkmer, Torbjorn] Jonkoping Univ, Dept Rehabil, Sch Hlth Sci, Jonkoping, Sweden. RP Falkmer, T (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Curtin Hlth Innovat Res Inst CHIRI, Sch Occupat Therapy & Social Work, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM T.Falkmer@curtin.edu.au FU Department of Education, Municipality Council of Norrkoping, Sweden; Swedish Inheritance Fund; Sunnerdahl's Foundation; Sven Jerring Foundation; Clas Groschinsky's Foundation FX Declaration of interest: This study was funded by: The Department of Education, Municipality Council of Norrkoping, Sweden, The Swedish Inheritance Fund, The Sunnerdahl's Foundation, The Sven Jerring Foundation, and The Clas Groschinsky's Foundation. The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. 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TI The psychiatric phenotype in triple X syndrome: New hypotheses illustrated in two cases SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Triple X syndrome; behavioural phenotype; development in adults; occupational development; sexual trauma; autism spectrum disorders ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHROMOSOME; RISK; PSYCHOSIS; GENDER; XXX AB Background: Triple X syndrome (47, XXX or trisomy X) is a relatively frequent cytogenetic condition with a large variety of physical and behavioural phenotypes. Method: Two adult patients with a triple X karyotype are described. Results: Their karyotype was unknown until some years ago. What these patients have in common is that they were diagnosed with a broader autism phenotype, they were sexually abused, they suffer from psychotic illness and they show challenging behaviour, suicidality and a decline in occupational capacity. Discussion: These gene-environment interactions are discussed. Gene-environment interactions may explain the variety of behavioural and psychiatric phenotypes in triple X syndrome. Ongoing atypical development in adults is hypothesized. Conclusions: Gene-environment interactions and ongoing atypical development in adults should be taken into account in research concerning the psychiatric phenotype of developmental disorders, especially those involving triple X syndrome. C1 [Otter, Maarten] Dept Gen Psychiat, NL-6716 AZ Ede, Netherlands. [Otter, Maarten] Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Ede, Netherlands. [Otter, Maarten; Didden, Robert] Community Mental Hlth Team ID, Zutphen, Netherlands. [Schrander-Stumpel, Constance T. R. M.; Curfs, Leopold M. G.] Maastricht Univ Med Ctr UMC, Dept Clin Genet, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Schrander-Stumpel, Constance T. R. M.; Curfs, Leopold M. G.] Maastricht Univ Med Ctr UMC, GROW Sch Oncol & Dev Biol, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Otter, M (reprint author), Dept Gen Psychiat, Pascalstr 9, NL-6716 AZ Ede, Netherlands. EM maarten.otter@filternet.nl CR Bishop DV, 2010, ARCH DIS CHILD, V96, P954 Blok JB, 1990, TEMPERAMENTSSCHAAL Z Dosen A, 2005, PSYCHISCHE STOORNISS, P79 Fairweather-Schmidt AK, 2010, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V10, DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-10-41 Frances A., 2000, DIAGNOSTIC STAT MANU Gijsbers ACJ, 2009, EUR J HUM GENET, V17, P1394, DOI 10.1038/ejhg.2009.74 Gotz M., 1996, THESIS U EDINBURGH E, P62 Hamerton J L, 1979, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V15, P267 Hammes JGW, 1978, STROOP KLEUR WOORD T Jackowski AP, 2008, PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM, V162, P256, DOI 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.08.006 Jacobs P A, 1979, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V15, P3 KIDD CB, 1963, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V109, P90, DOI 10.1192/bjp.109.458.90 Koppitz E. 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.655799 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 943BD UT WOS:000304094500009 PM 22582855 ER PT J AU Ek, U Norrelgen, F Westerlund, J Dahlman, A Hultby, E Fernell, E AF Ek, Ulla Norrelgen, Fritjof Westerlund, Joakim Dahlman, Andrea Hultby, Elizabeth Fernell, Elisabeth TI Teenage outcomes after speech and language impairment at preschool age SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE language impairment; dyslexia; developmental disorders; autism spectrum disorder; ADHD; follow-up ID EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; WORKING-MEMORY; CHILDREN; PROFILES; DEFICITS AB Aim: Ten years ago, we published developmental data on a representative group of children (n = 25) with moderate or severe speech and language impairment, who were attending special preschools for children. The aim of this study was to perform a follow-up of these children as teenagers. Methods: Parents of 23 teenagers participated in a clinical interview that requested information on the child's current academic achievement, type of school, previous clinical assessments, and developmental diagnoses. Fifteen children participated in a speech and language evaluation, and 13 participated in a psychological evaluation. Results: Seven of the 23 teenagers had a mild intellectual disability, and another three had borderline intellectual functioning. Nine had symptoms of disorders on the autism spectrum; five of these had an autism spectrum disorder, and four had clear autistic traits. Six met criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/subthreshold ADHD. Thirteen of 15 teenagers had a moderate or severe language impairment, and 13 of 15 had a moderate or severe reading impairment. Overlapping disorders were frequent. None of the individuals who underwent the clinical evaluation were free from developmental problems. Conclusion: A large number of children with speech and language impairment at preschool age had persistent language problems and/or met the criteria for developmental diagnoses other than speech and language impairment at their follow-up as teenagers. Language impairment in young children is a marker for several developmental disorders, particularly intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Ek, Ulla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Special Educ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Westerlund, Joakim] Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Norrelgen, Fritjof] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Speech & Language Pathol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Norrelgen, Fritjof] Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Dahlman, Andrea; Hultby, Elizabeth] Karolinska Inst, CLINTEC Div Speech & Language Pathol, Stockholm, Sweden. 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PY 2012 VL 37 IS 3 SI SI BP 274 EP 298 DI 10.1080/87565641.2011.650808 PG 25 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 936ES UT WOS:000303574300006 PM 22545662 ER PT J AU Leon-Espinosa, G DeFelipe, J Munoz, A AF Leon-Espinosa, Gonzalo DeFelipe, Javier Munoz, Alberto TI Effects of Amyloid-beta Plaque Proximity on the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Cells SO JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; ankyrin G; chandelier cells; cisternal organelle; synaptopodin ID SYNAPTOPODIN-DEFICIENT MICE; ACTION-POTENTIAL INITIATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENTS; GATED SODIUM-CHANNELS; PROTEIN-TAU TAU; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; CISTERNAL ORGANELLE AB The output of cortical pyramidal cells reflects the balance between excitatory inputs of cortical and subcortical origin, and inhibitory inputs from distinct populations of cortical GABAergic interneurons, each of which selectively innervate different domains of neuronal pyramidal cells (i.e., dendrites, soma and axon initial segment [AIS]). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the presence of amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques alters the synaptic input to pyramidal cells in a number of ways. However, the effects of A beta plaques on the AIS have still not been investigated to date. This neuronal domain is involved in input integration, as well as action potential initiation and propagation, and it exhibits Ca2+- and activity-dependent structural plasticity. The AIS is innervated by GABAergic axon terminals from chandelier cells, which are thought to exert a strong influence on pyramidal cell output. In the A beta PP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD, we have investigated the effects of A beta plaques on the morphological and neurochemical features of the AIS, including the cisternal organelle, using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, as well as studying the innervation of the AIS by chandelier cell axon terminals. There is a strong reduction in GABAergic terminals that appose AIS membrane surfaces that are in contact with A beta plaques, indicating altered inhibitory synapsis at the AIS. Thus, despite a lack of gross structural alterations in the AIS, this decrease in GABAergic innervation may deregulate AIS activity and contribute to the hyperactivity of neurons in contact with A beta plaques. C1 [Leon-Espinosa, Gonzalo; DeFelipe, Javier; Munoz, Alberto] Univ Politecn Madrid, Lab Cajal Circuitos Corticales, Ctr Tecnol Biomed, Madrid 28223, Spain. [Leon-Espinosa, Gonzalo; DeFelipe, Javier; Munoz, Alberto] CSIC, Inst Cajal, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. [DeFelipe, Javier] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Barcelona, Spain. RP Munoz, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Lab Cajal Circuitos Corticales, Ctr Tecnol Biomed, Campus Montegancedo S-N, Madrid 28223, Spain. EM defelipe@cajal.csic.es; amunozc@bio.ucm.es RI Munoz, Alberto/D-4225-2014 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [SAF 2010-18218, SAF 2009-09394]; CIBERNED [CB06/05/0066]; Fundacion CIEN (Financiacion de Proyectos de Investigacion de Enfermedad de Alzheimer y enfermedades relacionadas); EPFL FX This work was supported by grants from the following entities: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (SAF 2010-18218 to A. M. and SAF 2009-09394 to J.D.; and the Cajal Blue Brain Project, Spanish partner of the Blue Brain Project initiative from EPFL), CIBERNED CB06/05/0066 and Fundacion CIEN (Financiacion de Proyectos de Investigacion de Enfermedad de Alzheimer y enfermedades relacionadas). 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Z9 81 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1553-4006 BN 978-0-8243-4307-1 J9 ANNU REV PATHOL-MECH JI Annu. Rev. Pathol.-Mech Dis. PY 2012 VL 7 BP 219 EP 245 DI 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-132457 PG 27 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA BZK42 UT WOS:000301837300009 PM 22017584 ER PT J AU Joseph, J AF Joseph, Jay TI The "Missing Heritability" of Psychiatric Disorders: Elusive Genes or Non-Existent Genes? SO APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; PERSONALITY-DIFFERENCES; SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH; TWIN METHOD; GENETICS; ENVIRONMENT; AUTISM; DISEASES AB The psychiatric genetics field is currently undergoing a crisis due to the decades-long failure to uncover the genes believed to cause the major psychiatric disorders. Since 2009, leading researchers have explained these negative results on the basis of the "missing heritability" argument, which holds that more effective research methods must be developed to uncover presumed missing genes. According to the author, problems with the missing heritability argument include genetic determinist beliefs, a reliance on twin research, the use of heritability estimates, and the failure to seriously consider the possibility that presumed genes do not exist. The author concludes that decades of negative results support a finding that genes for the major psychiatric disorders do not appear to exist, and that research attention should be directed away from attempts to uncover "missing heritability" and toward environmental factors and a reassessment of previous genetic interpretations of psychiatric family, twin, and adoption studies. RP Joseph, J (reprint author), POB 5653, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. 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Robins, D. L. TI Anxiety Comorbidity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 MA 156S BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 936ER UT WOS:000303574200148 ER PT J AU Ludwig, NN AF Ludwig, N. N. TI Examining Parent Report and Clinical Observation of Communication Skills in Toddlers Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 MA 157S BP 464 EP 464 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 936ER UT WOS:000303574200149 ER PT J AU Troyb, E Herlihy, L Knoch, K Geoffrion, N Barton, M Fein, D AF Troyb, E. Herlihy, L. Knoch, K. Geoffrion, N. Barton, M. Fein, D. TI Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors as Predictors of Outcome in Autism Spectrum Disorders SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 26 IS 3 MA 167S BP 469 EP 469 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 936ER UT WOS:000303574200158 ER PT J AU Riby, DM Whittle, L Doherty-Sneddon, G AF Riby, Deborah M. Whittle, Lisa Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth TI Physiological reactivity to faces via live and video-mediated communication in typical and atypical development SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Williams syndrome; Autism spectrum disorder; Emotion; Physiological arousal ID SKIN-CONDUCTANCE RESPONSES; WILLIAMS-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SOCIAL COGNITION; CHANGE BLINDNESS; GAZE AVERSION; AUTISM; AMYGDALA; CHILDREN; PERCEPTION AB The human face is a powerful elicitor of emotion, which induces autonomic nervous system responses. In this study, we explored physiological arousal and reactivity to affective facial displays shown in person and through video-mediated communication. We compared measures of physiological arousal and reactivity in typically developing individuals and those with the developmental disorders Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants attended to facial displays of happy, sad, and neutral expressions via live and video-mediated communication. Skin conductance level (SCL) indicated that live faces, but not video-mediated faces, increased arousal, especially for typically developing individuals and those with WS. There was less increase of SCL, and physiological reactivity was comparable for live and video-mediated faces in ASD. In typical development and WS, physiological reactivity was greater for live than for video-mediated communication. Individuals with WS showed lower SCL than typically developing individuals, suggesting possible hypoarousal in this group, even though they showed an increase in arousal for faces. The results are discussed in terms of the use of video-mediated communication with typically and atypically developing individuals and atypicalities of physiological arousal across neurodevelopmental disorder groups. C1 [Riby, Deborah M.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Whittle, Lisa] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth] Northumbria Univ, Dept Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Riby, DM (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Psychol, Ridley Bldg 1,Framlington Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM deborah.riby@ncl.ac.uk FU Economic and Social Research Council [RES-062-23-1365]; Williams Syndrome Foundation; "Database for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Living in the North East of England" (Daslne) FX This research was supported by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-062-23-1365) to G. D. S. and D. M. R. We are grateful to the Williams Syndrome Foundation and to the "Database for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Living in the North East of England" (Daslne) for their support. 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Hornig, Mady Parekh, Tanmay Lipkin, W. Ian TI Application of Novel PCR-Based Methods for Detection, Quantitation, and Phylogenetic Characterization of Sutterella Species in Intestinal Biopsy Samples from Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CROHNS-DISEASE; SP NOV.; FECES; MICROFLORA; CAMPYLOBACTER; DIAGNOSIS; BACTERIA; FLORA; SPP. AB Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism and may be associated with compositional changes in intestinal bacteria. In a previous report, we surveyed intestinal microbiota in ileal and cecal biopsy samples from children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI). Our results demonstrated the presence of members of the family Alcaligenaceae in some AUT-GI children, while no Control-GI children had Alcaligenaceae sequences. Here we demonstrate that increased levels of Alcaligenaceae in intestinal biopsy samples from AUT-GI children result from the presence of high levels of members of the genus Sutterella. We also report the first Sutterella-specific PCR assays for detecting, quantitating, and genotyping Sutterella species in biological and environmental samples. Sutterella 16S rRNA gene sequences were found in 12 of 23 AUT-GI children but in none of 9 Control-GI children. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a predominance of either Sutterella wadsworthensis or Sutterella stercoricanis in 11 of the individual Sutterella-positive AUT-GI patients; in one AUT-GI patient, Sutterella sequences were obtained that could not be given a species-level classification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of known Sutterella isolates. Western immunoblots revealed plasma IgG or IgM antibody reactivity to Sutterella wadsworthensis antigens in 11 AUT-GI patients, 8 of whom were also PCR positive, indicating the presence of an immune response to Sutterella in some children. IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorders affect similar to 1% of the population. Many children with autism have gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances that can complicate clinical management and contribute to behavioral problems. Understanding the molecular and microbial underpinnings of these GI issues is of paramount importance for elucidating pathogenesis, rendering diagnosis, and administering informed treatment. Here we describe an association between high levels of intestinal, mucoepithelial-associated Sutterella species and GI disturbances in children with autism. These findings elevate this little-recognized bacterium to the forefront by demonstrating that Sutterella is a major component of the microbiota in over half of children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction (AUT-GI) and is absent in children with only gastrointestinal dysfunction (Control-GI) evaluated in this study. Furthermore, these findings bring into question the role Sutterella plays in the human microbiota in health and disease. With the Sutterella-specific molecular assays described here, some of these questions can begin to be addressed. C1 [Williams, Brent L.; Hornig, Mady; Parekh, Tanmay; Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Williams, BL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM bw2101@columbia.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI57158, NS047537]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Department of Defense FX This work is supported by National Institutes of Health awards AI57158 and NS047537 and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Department of Defense. 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Johnston, Michael V. TI Plasticity and mTOR: Towards Restoration of Impaired Synaptic Plasticity in mTOR-Related Neurogenetic Disorders SO NEURAL PLASTICITY LA English DT Review ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX; UNIDENTIFIED BRIGHT OBJECTS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; MOUSE MODEL; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1; DEPENDENT TRANSLATION; ATTENTION DEFICITS; SOCIAL-INTERACTION; LEARNING-DEFICITS AB Objective. To review the recent literature on the clinical features, genetic mutations, neurobiology associated with dysregulation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and clinical trials for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) and fragile X syndrome (FXS), and phosphatase and tensin homolog hamartoma syndromes (PTHS), which are neurogenetic disorders associated with abnormalities in synaptic plasticity and mTOR signaling. Methods. Pubmed and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched using specific search strategies. Results/Conclusions. Although traditionally thought of as irreversible disorders, significant scientific progress has been made in both humans and preclinical models to understand how pathologic features of these neurogenetic disorders can be reduced or reversed. This paper revealed significant similarities among the conditions. Not only do they share features of impaired synaptic plasticity and dysregulation of mTOR, but they also share clinical features-autism, intellectual disability, cutaneous lesions, and tumors. Although scientific advances towards discovery of effective treatment in some disorders have outpaced others, progress in understanding the signaling pathways that connect the entire group indicates that the lesser known disorders will become treatable as well. C1 [Gipson, Tanjala T.; Johnston, Michael V.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Tuberous Sclerosis Ctr, Hugo Moser Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gipson, Tanjala T.; Johnston, Michael V.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Hugo Moser Res Inst, Dept Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gipson, Tanjala T.; Johnston, Michael V.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Hugo Moser Res Inst, Clin Trials Unit, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Johnston, Michael V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Johnston, Michael V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Gipson, TT (reprint author), Kennedy Krieger Inst, Tuberous Sclerosis Ctr, Hugo Moser Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 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Plast. PY 2012 AR 486402 DI 10.1155/2012/486402 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 938DT UT WOS:000303714700001 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, WMA Egger, JIM Willemsen, MH de Leijer, GJM Kleefstra, T AF Verhoeven, Willem M. A. Egger, Jos I. M. Willemsen, Marjolein H. de Leijer, Gert J. M. Kleefstra, Tjitske TI Phelan-McDermid syndrome in two adult brothers: atypical bipolar disorder as its psychopathological phenotype? SO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE 22q13.3 deletion syndrome; 22qter; Phelan-McDermid; SHANK3; autism spectrum; unstable mood disorder; cerebellar vermis ID 22Q13 DELETION SYNDROME; MENTAL-RETARDATION; AUTISM SPECTRUM; GENE; REARRANGEMENTS; INSTRUMENT; CEREBELLUM; DISABILITY; SPEECH; SHANK3 AB The 22q13.3 deletion, or Phelan-McDermid syndrome, is characterized by global intellectual disability, generalized hypotonia, severely delayed or absent speech associated with features of autism spectrum disorder, and minor dysmorphisms. Its behavioral phenotype comprises sleep disturbances, communication deficits, and motor perseverations. Data on psychological dysfunctions are so far not available. Previous studies have suggested that the loss of one copy of the gene SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) is related to the neurobehavioral phenotype. Additional genes proximal to SHANK3 are also likely to play a role in the phenotype of patients with larger deletions. The present paper describes two adult brothers with an identical 2.15 Mb 22qter (22q13.32q13.33) deletion, of whom the youngest was referred for evaluation of recurrent mood changes. In both patients, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed hypoplasia of the vermis cerebelli. Extensive clinical examinations led to a final diagnosis of atypical bipolar disorder, of which symptoms fully remitted during treatment with a mood stabilizer. In the older brother, a similar psychopathological picture appeared to be present, although less severe and with a later onset. It is concluded that the behavioral phenotype of the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome comprises absent or delayed speech and perseverations with associated autistic-like features, whereas its psychopathological phenotype comprises an atypical bipolar disorder. The latter may have implications for the treatment regime of the syndrome-related behavioral disturbances. C1 [Verhoeven, Willem M. A.; Egger, Jos I. M.] Vincent van Gogh Inst Psychiat, Ctr Excellence Neuropsychiat, NL-5803 AC Venray, Netherlands. [Verhoeven, Willem M. A.] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Egger, Jos I. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Donders Ctr Cognit, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Egger, Jos I. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. 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Ishitobi, Makoto Munesue, Toshio Itakura, Shoji Omori, Masao Okazawa, Hidehiko Wada, Yuji Sadato, Norihiro TI Emotional responses associated with self-face processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: An fMRI study SO SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; fMRI; Insular cortex; Posterior cingulate cortex; Self-face evaluation ID POSTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; CORTICAL MIDLINE STRUCTURES; RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; COMMUNICATION DISORDERS; COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; ANTERIOR INSULA AB Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show impaired emotional responses to self-face processing, but the underlying neural bases are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated brain activity when 15 individuals with high-functioning ASD and 15 controls rated the photogenicity of self-face images and photographs of others' faces. Controls showed a strong correlation between photogenicity ratings and extent of embarrassment evoked by self-face images; this correlation was weaker among ASD individuals, indicating a decoupling between the cognitive evaluation of self-face images and emotional responses. Individuals with ASD demonstrated relatively low self-related activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), which was related to specific autistic traits. There were significant group differences in the modulation of activity by embarrassment ratings in the right insular (IC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. Task-related activity in the right IC was lower in the ASD group. The reduced activity in the right IC for self-face images was associated with weak coupling between cognitive evaluation and emotional responses to self-face images. The PCC is responsible for self-referential processing, and the IC plays a role in emotional experience. Dysfunction in these areas could contribute to the lack of self-conscious behaviors in response to self-reflection in ASD individuals. C1 [Sadato, Norihiro] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Cerebral Res, Sect Cerebral Integrat, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Morita, Tomoyo; Itakura, Shoji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Psychol, Grad Sch Letters, Kyoto, Japan. [Morita, Tomoyo] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Integrat Physiol, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Kosaka, Hirotaka; Ishitobi, Makoto; Wada, Yuji] Univ Fukui, Fac Med Sci, Dept Neuropsychiat, Fukui 910, Japan. [Kosaka, Hirotaka; Okazawa, Hidehiko; Sadato, Norihiro] Univ Fukui, Biomed Imaging Res Ctr, Fukui 910, Japan. [Saito, Daisuke N.] Univ Fukui, Res & Educ Program Life Sci, Fukui 910, Japan. [Munesue, Toshio] Kanazawa Univ, Res Ctr Child Mental Dev, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Omori, Masao] Fukui Prefectural Univ, Fac Nursing & Social Welf Sci, Fukui, Japan. [Sadato, Norihiro] Grad Univ Adv Studies Sokendai, Dept Physiol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. RP Sadato, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Physiol Sci, Dept Cerebral Res, Sect Cerebral Integrat, 38 Nishigonaka, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. EM sadato@nips.ac.jp FU Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [21220005, 21791120]; Fukui Prefectural Government FX We thank all those who participated in this study. We also thank Dr. T. Kochiyama for advice on the fMRI data analysis. This study was a part of a cohort project funded by the Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Additional support came from a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 21220005 (to N.S.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, from a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 21791120 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and from the Fukui Prefectural Government's Grant-in-Aid for Collaboration Research Projects. Part of this work resulted from the "Development of biomarker candidates for social behavior" project, carried out under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. 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PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1080/17470919.2011.598945 PG 17 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 936CA UT WOS:000303567300001 PM 21936743 ER PT S AU Verpelli, C Schmeisser, MJ Sala, C Boeckers, TM AF Verpelli, Chiara Schmeisser, Michael J. Sala, Carlo Boeckers, Tobias M. BE Kreutz, MR Sala, C TI Scaffold Proteins at the Postsynaptic Density SO SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY: DYNAMICS, DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE BMP signaling; Development; Glutamate receptors; Neuromuscular junction; Wnt signaling ID DENDRITIC SPINE MORPHOLOGY; SYNAPSE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-97; RECEPTOR-BINDING PROTEIN; DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN; 22Q13.3 DELETION SYNDROME; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; CEREBELLAR PURKINJE-CELLS AB Scaffold proteins are abundant and essential components of the postsynaptic density (PSD). They play a major role in many synaptic functions including the trafficking, anchoring, and clustering of glutamate receptors and adhesion molecules. Moreover, they link postsynaptic receptors with their downstream signaling proteins and regulate the dynamics of cytoskeletal structures. By definition, PSD scaffold proteins do not have intrinsic enzymatic activities but are formed by modular and specific domains deputed to form large protein networks. Here, we will discuss the latest findings regarding the structure and functions of major PSD scaffold proteins. Given that scaffold proteins are central components of PSD architecture, it is not surprising that deletion or mutations in their human genes cause severe neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia. Thus, their dynamic organization and regulation are directly correlated with the essential structure of the PSD and the normal physiology of neuronal synapses. 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PY 2012 VL 970 BP 29 EP 61 DI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8 PG 33 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Neurosciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAA81 UT WOS:000303541700002 PM 22351050 ER PT S AU Kindler, S Kreienkamp, HJ AF Kindler, Stefan Kreienkamp, Hans-Juergen BE Kreutz, MR Sala, C TI Dendritic mRNA Targeting and Translation SO SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY: DYNAMICS, DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Activity-dependent translation; Dendritic targeting element; Molecular motor; Synaptic plasticity; Trans-acting factor ID X MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROTEIN-KINASE-II; CYTOSKELETON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; MEDIATED CYTOPLASMIC POLYADENYLATION; NMDA RECEPTOR ACTIVATION; TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; INITIATION-FACTOR 4E; MAMMALIAN TARGET; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS AB Selective targeting of specific mRNAs into neuronal dendrites and their locally regulated translation at particular cell contact sites contribute to input-specific synaptic plasticity. Thus, individual synapses become decision-making units, which control gene expression in a spatially restricted and nucleus-independent manner. Dendritic targeting of mRNAs is achieved by active, microtubule-dependent transport. For this purpose, mRNAs are packaged into large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles containing an array of trans-acting RNA-binding proteins. These are attached to molecular motors, which move their RNP cargo into dendrites. A variety of proteins may be synthesized in dendrites, including signalling and scaffold proteins of the synapse and neurotransmitter receptors. In some cases, such as the alpha subunit of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha CaMKII) and the activity-regulated gene of 3.1 kb (Arg3.1, also referred to as activity-regulated cDNA, Arc), their local synthesis at synapses can modulate long-term changes in synaptic efficiency. Local dendritic translation is regulated by several signalling cascades including Akt/mTOR and Erk/MAP kinase pathways, which are triggered by synaptic activity. More recent findings show that miRNAs also play an important role in protein synthesis at synapses. Disruption of local translation control at synapses, as observed in the fragile X syndrome (FXS) and its mouse models and possibly also in autism spectrum disorders, interferes with cognitive abilities in mice and men. C1 [Kindler, Stefan; Kreienkamp, Hans-Juergen] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Human Genet, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kindler, S (reprint author), Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Human Genet, Martinistr 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. 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Intellectual disability can be caused by environmental and/or genetic factors. Although in the last two decades a number of genes have been discovered whose mutations cause mental retardation, we are still far from identifying the impact of these mutations on brain functions. Many of the genes mutated in ID code for several proteins with a variety of functions: chromatin remodelling, pre-/post-synaptic activity, and intracellular trafficking. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the ID phenotype could emerge from abnormal cellular processing leading to pre- and/or post-synaptic dysfunction. In this chapter, we focus on the role of small GTPases and adhesion molecules, and we discuss the mechanisms through which they lead to synaptic network dysfunction. C1 [Valnegri, Pamela; Sala, Carlo; Passafaro, Maria] Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol, CNR Inst Neurosci, I-20129 Milan, Italy. RP Passafaro, M (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Pharmacol, CNR Inst Neurosci, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milan, Italy. 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PY 2012 VL 970 BP 433 EP 449 DI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_19 D2 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8 PG 17 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Neurosciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAA81 UT WOS:000303541700019 PM 22351067 ER PT S AU De Rubeis, S Fernandez, E Buzzi, A Di Marino, D Bagni, C AF De Rubeis, Silvia Fernandez, Esperanza Buzzi, Andrea Di Marino, Daniele Bagni, Claudia BE Kreutz, MR Sala, C TI Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Mental Retardation in the Fragile X Syndrome: From Gene Mutation/s to Spine Dysmorphogenesis SO SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY: DYNAMICS, DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE FMR1; FMRP; Fragile X; Messenger ribonucleoparticles; Spinogenesis ID FMR1 KNOCKOUT MICE; LONG-TERM DEPRESSION; METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; SENSORIMOTOR GATING ABNORMALITIES; CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME FXTAS; MESSENGER-RNA LOCALIZATION; SYNDROME PROTEIN FMRP; MOUSE MODEL AB The Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of inherited mental retardation and also considered a monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder. FXS symptoms include neurodevelopmental delay, anxiety, hyperactivity, and autistic-like behavior. The disease is due to mutations or loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein abundant in the brain and gonads, the two organs mainly affected in FXS patients. FMRP has multiple functions in RNA metabolism, including mRNA decay, dendritic targeting of mRNAs, and protein synthesis. In neurons lacking FMRP, a wide array of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in synaptic structure and function are altered. As a result of this complex dysregulation, in the absence of FMRP, spine morphology and functioning is impaired. Consistently, model organisms for the study of the syndrome recapitulate the phenotype observed in FXS patients, such as dendritic spine anomalies and defects in learning. Here, we review the fundamentals of genetic and clinical aspects of FXS, devoting a specific attention to ASD comorbidity and FXS-related diseases. We also review the current knowledge on FMRP functions through structural, molecular, and cellular findings. Finally, we discuss the neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral defects caused by FMRP loss, as well as the current treatments able to partially revert some of the FXS abnormalities. C1 [De Rubeis, Silvia; Fernandez, Esperanza; Buzzi, Andrea; Di Marino, Daniele; Bagni, Claudia] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [De Rubeis, Silvia; Fernandez, Esperanza; Buzzi, Andrea; Di Marino, Daniele; Bagni, Claudia] VIB, Ctr Biol Dis, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Bagni, Claudia] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Expt Med & Biochem Sci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Bagni, C (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. 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PY 2012 VL 970 BP 517 EP 551 DI 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_23 D2 10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8 PG 35 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Neurosciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAA81 UT WOS:000303541700023 PM 22351071 ER PT J AU Freitag, CM AF Freitag, Christine M. TI Autistic disorders - the state of the art and recent findings: epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic interventions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE LA German DT Review DE autism; review; DSM-5; epidemiology; therapy ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; REVISED ADI-R; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; FOLLOW-UP; INCREASED PREVALENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENETIC SYNDROMES; CHILDREN AB Autistic disorders - the state of the art and recent findings: epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic interventions This review article is based on a state-of-the-art lecture given at the 32nd meeting of the German Child Psychiatry Association in March 2011. It summarizes recent findings from epidemiological studies (comorbid disorders, risk factors), early diagnosis, classification, and evidence-based therapeutic interventions (psychopharmacology, early intervention, group-based behavioural interventions). Intensive research over the last years has led to a better understanding of, and improved therapeutic options for, autism spectrum disorders. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, DE-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Freitag, CM (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Klin Psychiat Psychosomat & Psychotherapie Kindes, Deutschordenstr 50, DE-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. 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Kinder-und Jugendpsy. Psychother. PY 2012 VL 40 IS 3 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1024/1422-4917/a000164 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 934KG UT WOS:000303442400002 PM 22532106 ER PT J AU Geier, DA Kern, JK King, PG Sykes, LK Geier, MR AF Geier, David A. Kern, Janet K. King, Paul G. Sykes, Lisa K. Geier, Mark R. TI An evaluation of the role and treatment of elevated male hormones in autism spectrum disorders SO ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Review DE Autistic disorder; cyproterone acetate; leuprolide acetate; testosterone ID CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; MARBLE-BURYING BEHAVIOR; ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY; FETAL TESTOSTERONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CYPROTERONE-ACETATE; DIGIT RATIO; CLINICAL GENETICISTS; GONADAL-FUNCTION AB Autism, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) compose the overall diagnostic category of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects diagnosed with an ASD have a male:female ratio of 4:1, and among subjects diagnosed with AS the male:female ratio is as high as 9:1. The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of the association between hyperandrogenism and autistic traits (ATs) among subjects diagnosed with an ASD, and to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-androgen therapy as a means to help treat ATs in subjects diagnosed with an ASD. Evidence of hyperandrogenism in subjects diagnosed with an ASD is supported by multiple studies in the areas of psychological framework, brain pathology, tissue culture, and pre- and postnatal androgen levels. Data from subjects diagnosed with other conditions associated with elevated androgens reveals many of these individuals have ATs. Finally, in a placebo-controlled trial of testosterone administration to neurotypical subjects, testosterone was found to increase ATs. In addition, a controlled trial of human transsexuals revealed a significant increase in ATs ill female-to-male transsexuals and a decrease in ATs in male-to-female transsexuals. Data from multiple animals and human clinical trials suggest that antiandrogen medications have the ability to significantly reduce ATs in patients diagnosed with an ASD. In light of the robust association between hyperandrogenism and ASD, it is recommended subjects diagnosed with an ASD should undergo routine screening for elevated androgens, and appropriate treatment should be initiated for those with elevated androgens. C1 [Geier, Mark R.] ASD Ctr LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Geier, David A.; Kern, Janet K.] Inst Chron Illnesses Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [King, Paul G.; Sykes, Lisa K.] CoMeD Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Geier, MR (reprint author), ASD Ctr LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mgeier@comcast.net FU non-profit Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc.; non-profit CoMeD, Inc. FX The study was financial supported by the non-profit Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc. and by the non-profit CoMeD, Inc. None of the organizations providing financial support for our study had any influence on data analyses or conclusions. 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Exp. PY 2012 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 932GI UT WOS:000303278000001 PM 22508080 ER PT J AU Williams, K Wray, JA Wheeler, DM AF Williams, Katrina Wray, John A. Wheeler, Danielle M. TI Intravenous secretin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autistic Disorder [drug therapy]; Behavior; Communication; Hormones [therapeutic use]; Injections, Intravenous; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Secretin [therapeutic use]; Humans ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SYNTHETIC HUMAN SECRETIN; PORCINE SECRETIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background In 1998 secretin, a gastrointestinal hormone, was suggested as an effective treatment for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on anecdotal evidence. Objectives To assess whether intravenous secretin improves the core features of ASD, other aspects of behaviour or function such as self-injurious behaviour, and the quality of life of affected individuals and their carers. We also assessed whether secretin causes harm. This is an updated version of our review of this topic originally published in 2005. Search methods We searched CENTRAL (2010 Issue 1), MEDLINE (1950 to January 2010), EMBASE (1980 to 2010 Week 2), PsycINFO (1806 to 2010 Week 2), CINAHL (1938 to January 2010), ERIC (1966 to January 2010), Sociological Abstracts (1952 to January 2010). Sociofile and HealthStar were searched in March 2005 when this review was first published, but were not available for this update. Records were limited to studies published since 1998 as this is when secretin was first proposed as a possible treatment for ASD. We searched reference lists of trials and reviews; we also contacted experts and trialists to find unpublished studies. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of intravenous secretin compared to a placebo treatment in children or adults diagnosed with ASD, where at least one standardised outcome measure was reported. Data collection and analysis Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria but for two of these, conducted by Repligen, the only available multisite data were reported in press releases. All outcome data from the other 14 trials were continuous. Where trials used cross-over designs, we conducted analysis on results from the first treatment phase. Where mean change from baseline was reported, we used this in preference to post-treatment scores for meta-analyses or forest plots. Meta-analysis was able to be attempted for only one outcome (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). Insufficient data were available to conduct sensitivity or subgroup analyses to assess the impact of study quality, clinical differences in the intervention or clinically relevant differences between groups, such as age or presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Main results Over 900 children were recruited for the secretin trials. Twenty-five established standardised outcome measures were reported to assess core features of ASD, communication, behaviour, visuospatial skills, affect and adverse events. One standardised measure of global impression was also used. No more than four studies used any one outcome measure similarly. When duration from the start of the intervention to outcome assessment was known, outcomes were reported at between three and six weeks. Meta-analysis of data was not possible but there is now consistency of findings, with RCTs of the efficacy of secretin in autism not showing improvements for core features of ASD. Authors' conclusions There is no evidence that single or multiple dose intravenous secretin is effective and as such currently it should not be recommended or administered as a treatment for ASD. Further experimental assessment of secretin's effectiveness for ASD can only be justified if there is new high-quality and replicated scientific evidence that either finds that secretin has a role in neurotransmission in a way that could benefit all children with ASD or identifies important subgroups of children with ASD who could benefit from secretin because of a proven link between the action of secretin and the known cause of their ASD, or the type of problems they are experiencing. C1 [Williams, Katrina] Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Med, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Wray, John A.] State Child Dev Ctr, Womens & Childrens Hlth Serv, Perth, Australia. [Wheeler, Danielle M.] Cochrane Dev Psychosocial & Learning Problems Grp, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Williams, K (reprint author), Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Med, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM katrina.williams@rch.org.au RI Williams, Katrina/B-6828-2015 OI Williams, Katrina/0000-0002-1686-4458 FU Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Financial Markets Foundation for Children, Australia; Janssen Pharmaceutical; Children's Hospital at Westmead; Financial Markets Foundation for Children FX Internal sourcesSmall Grants Scheme of the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia.External sourcesFinancial Markets Foundation for Children, Australia.John A Wray - was involved in two trials included within this review (Wray; Levy 2003). Dr Wray has declared he delivered a previous testimony for inclusion of risperidone for children with autism on Australia's Public Medicines Prescription Benefit Scheme. Airfares and accommodation were paid for by Janssen Pharmaceutical.The authors would like to thank those trialists who provided us with information and debate about secretin. We thank Drs Julian Higgins, Alex Sutton, Jon Deeks, Jenny Peat and Andrew Hayen for their advice and assistance with methods and meta-analysis. We commend the tireless efforts of the Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group for their help with literature searching, review and editing, in particular the support of Dr Jane Dennis. Danielle Wheeler was funded by the Small Grants Scheme of The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Financial Markets Foundation for Children. 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PY 2012 IS 4 AR CD003495 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD003495.pub3 PG 53 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 928US UT WOS:000303012500021 ER PT J AU Schmidt, C Stichter, JP AF Schmidt, Carla Stichter, Janine P. TI The Use of Peer-Mediated Interventions to Promote the Generalization of Social Competence for Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism and Asperger's Syndrome SO EXCEPTIONALITY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; SKILLS INTERVENTIONS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SINGLE-SUBJECT; STUDENTS; DISABILITIES; INITIATIONS; BEHAVIOR; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Impairments in social competence are core deficits for individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger's Syndrome (HFA/AS). As the incidence rate for these disorders continues to increase so does the urgency to identify evidence-based interventions that can remediate core deficits in order to provide these individuals with independence as well as an enhanced quality of life. If not remediated, skill deficits can have extensive cost for the individual, families, and society as a whole. Although the social competence literature shows that individuals with HFA/AS can acquire social skills, these skills often do not consistently generalize into natural environments. Peer-mediated interventions have proven successful in teaching a number of social behaviors to individuals with autism and have also shown to promote generalization and maintenance. This study is one of the first to investigate the impact of two peer-mediated interventions on the generalization of social interaction skills acquired in a school-based social competence intervention for three adolescents with HFA/AS. The results indicate that the addition of peer-mediated interventions enhanced generalized gains in social interaction beyond those of a school-based social competence intervention. C1 [Schmidt, Carla] Univ Kansas, Juniper Gardens Childrens Project, Kansas City, KS 66101 USA. 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We found that so-called 'systemisers' (males/low-social-skills) showed weaker embodiment than so-called 'embodiers' (females/high-social-skills). We conclude that 'systemisers' either have difficulties with embodied processing or, alternatively, they have a strategic advantage in selecting different mechanisms or the appropriate level of embodiment. In contrast, 'embodiers' have an advantageous strategy of "deep" embodied processing reflecting their urge to empathise or, alternatively, less flexibility in fine-tuning the involvement of bodily representations. C1 [Kessler, Klaus; Wang, Hongfang] Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Social Interact Res Ctr, Glasgow G12 8QB, Lanark, Scotland. RP Kessler, K (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurosci & Psychol, Social Interact Res Ctr, 58 Hillhead St, Glasgow G12 8QB, Lanark, Scotland. 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PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 133 EP 158 DI 10.1080/13875868.2011.634533 PG 26 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 931XN UT WOS:000303252700005 ER PT J AU Huepe, D Riveros, R Manes, F Couto, B Hurtado, E Cetkovich, M Escobar, M Vergara, V Parrao, T Ibanez, A AF Huepe, David Riveros, Rodrigo Manes, Facundo Couto, Blas Hurtado, Esteban Cetkovich, Marcelo Escobar, Maria Vergara, Viviana Parrao, Teresa Ibanez, Agustin TI The relationship of clinical, cognitive and social measures in schizophrenia: A preliminary finding combining measures in probands and relatives SO BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schizophrenia; multiplex family; social cognition; neuropsychology; first degree relatives ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; DECONSTRUCTING SCHIZOPHRENIA; PREMORBID ADJUSTMENT; 1ST-DEGREE RELATIVES; FAMILIAL LIABILITY; NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; FOLLOW-UP; MIND; METAANALYSIS AB This study examines performance of schizophrenia patients, unaffected relatives and controls in social cognition, cognitive and psychiatric scales looking for possible markers of vulnerability in schizophrenia. Performance of schizophrenia patients from multiplex families, first-degree relatives, and matched controls was compared and, subsequently, discriminant analysis method was used for identifying the best predictors for group membership. By using Multigroup Discriminant Analyses on the three groups, the best predictors were PANSS, Premorbid Adjustment Scale, Faux Pas test, and a face/emotion categorizing task. This model obtained 82% correct global classification, suggesting that the combination of psychiatric scales and neuropsychological/social cognition tasks are the best approach for characterizing this disease. Although preliminary, our results suggest that social cognition tasks are robust markers of schizophrenia family impairments, and that combining clinical, social and neuropsychological measures is the best approach to asses patients and relatives vulnerability. C1 [Manes, Facundo; Couto, Blas; Cetkovich, Marcelo; Ibanez, Agustin] Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol INECO, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Huepe, David; Hurtado, Esteban; Escobar, Maria; Vergara, Viviana; Parrao, Teresa; Ibanez, Agustin] Univ Diego Portales, Lab Cognit Neurosci & Sociocognit, Santiago, Chile. [Ibanez, Agustin] Natl Sci & Tech Res Council CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Ibanez, Agustin] Favaloro Univ, Inst Neurosci, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Riveros, Rodrigo; Hurtado, Esteban; Escobar, Maria] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. RP Ibanez, A (reprint author), Favaloro Univ, Inst Cognit Neurol INECO, Lab Expt Psychol & Neurosci, Castex 3293, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 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K., 1995, P3 NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0953-4180 J9 BEHAV NEUROL JI Behav. Neurol. PY 2012 VL 25 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.3233/BEN-2011-0350 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 928KL UT WOS:000302981500007 PM 22425724 ER PT J AU Lloyd, R Tippmann-Peikert, M Slocumb, N Kotagal, S AF Lloyd, Robin Tippmann-Peikert, Maja Slocumb, Nancy Kotagal, Suresh TI Characteristics of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Childhood SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE REM sleep behavior disorder; parasomnia; polysomnography ID NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; NREM SLEEP; CHILDREN; NARCOLEPSY; AUTISM AB Study Objective: To describe our experience regarding the clinical and polysomnographic features of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in childhood. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of children and adolescents with RBD and REM sleep without atonia. Demographics, and clinical and polysomnographic information were tabulated. Our findings were compared with those in the existing literature. Results: The 15 subjects identified (13 RBD and 2 having REM sleep without atonia) had a mean age at diagnosis of 9.5 years (range 3-17 years); 11/15 (73%) were male. Nightmares were reported in 13/15 and excessive daytime sleepiness in 6/15. Two children had caused bodily harm to bedmate siblings. Comorbidities, which were multiple in some subjects, included anxiety (8/15), attention deficit disorder (10/15), non-specific developmental delay (6/15), Smith-Magenis syndrome (1/15), pervasive developmental disorder (1/15), narcolepsy (1/15), idiopathic hypersomnia (1/15), and Moebius Syndrome (1/15). Abnormal MRI scans were seen in 5/8 evaluated subjects. Treatments consisted of clonazepam (10/15), melatonin (2/15), and discontinuation of a tricyclic agent (1/15), with a favorable response in 11 of 13. Two of 15 patients with REM sleep without atonia did not require pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: RBD in children may be associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities, narcolepsy, or medication use. It seems to be modestly responsive to benzodiazepines or melatonin. The etiology is distinct from that of common childhood arousal parasomnias and RBD in adults; congenital and neurodevelopmental disorders, medication effect, and narcolepsy coexisted in some, but none had an extrapyramidal neurodegenerative disorder. C1 [Lloyd, Robin] Mayo Clin, Ctr Sleep Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Lloyd, R (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Ctr Sleep Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 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Clin. Sleep Med. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.5664/jcsm.1760 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 926WI UT WOS:000302862200004 PM 22505856 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, R Blackmore, R Hazell, P Williams, K Woolfenden, S AF Hurwitz, Romy Blackmore, Roger Hazell, Philip Williams, Katrina Woolfenden, Susan TI Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; DOUBLE-BLIND; CLOMIPRAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DESIPRAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; PLACEBO AB Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging in severity and characterised by early onset of delay and deviance in the development of social interaction, and verbal and nonverbal communication. ASD is associated with restricted and/or stereotyped interests or behaviours. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) block noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake, increasing the availability of these neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Via their impact on serotonin, TCAs have been used in the treatment of autistic symptoms and comorbidities in individuals with ASD. Objectives To determine if treatment with tricyclic antidepressants: 1) improves the core features of autism, including restricted social interaction, restricted communication, and stereotypical and repetitive behaviours; 2) improves non-core features such as challenging behaviours; 3) improves comorbid states, such as depression and anxiety; 4) causes adverse effects. Search methods We ran the latest searches for this review on 23 May 2011. We searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), 2011 Issue 2, MEDLINE (1948 to May Week 2, 2011), EMBASE (1980 to 2011 Week 2), PsycINFO (1887 to current), CINAHL (1937 to current). We also searched Dissertation Abstracts International via Dissertation Express, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of any dose, duration and frequency of oral TCAs compared with placebo, in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD, where at least one standardised outcome measure had been used. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected and appraised the studies for inclusion and risk of bias. All data were continuous. Main results Three studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Two studies used clomipramine and one used tianeptine. All three trials were small, with between 12 and 32 participants. One of the clomipramine trials involved children and young adults, while the other two trials enrolled only children. Due to heterogeneity in study participant characteristics, the TCA medications investigated and the outcome measures used, we were not able to perform any meta-analysis. In only one of the three studies was there any indication that giving children tianeptine could be effective in the short term. In this study, parents and teachers reported that it reduced irritability, hyperactivity, inadequate eye contact and inappropriate speech, but clinician ratings found no significant impact on these symptoms. There were also significant adverse effects, including increased drowsiness and reduced activity levels in these individuals while being treated with tianeptine. The evidence of the impact of clomipramine in the two studies is contradictory. There was evidence of improvement in autistic symptoms, irritability and obsessive-compulsive disorder type symptoms, but conflicting evidence in relation to hyperactivity across the two studies, and no significant changes found with inappropriate speech. There were also adverse effects reported with the use of clomipramine. Although side effect ratings were not significantly different to placebo, there were significant dropout rates in the clomipramine arm of one study. Authors' conclusions Clinicians considering the use of TCAs need to be aware of the limited and conflicting evidence of effect and the side effect profile when discussing this treatment option with people who have ASD and their carers. Further research is required before TCAs can be recommended for treatment of individuals with ASD. C1 [Hurwitz, Romy; Blackmore, Roger] Liverpool Hosp, Dept Community Paediat, Liverpool Bc, NSW 1871, Australia. [Hazell, Philip] Sydney Med Sch, Discipline Psychiat, Concord W, Australia. [Williams, Katrina] Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Dev Med, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Woolfenden, Susan] Sydney Childrens Community Hlth Ctr, Sydney Childrens Hosp Network, Randwick, NSW, Australia. RP Hurwitz, R (reprint author), Liverpool Hosp, Dept Community Paediat, Hugh Jardine Bldg,Locked Bag 7017, Liverpool Bc, NSW 1871, Australia. EM hurwie@hotmail.com RI Williams, Katrina/B-6828-2015 OI Williams, Katrina/0000-0002-1686-4458 FU Eli Lilly; Celltech FX Philip Hazell - has worked as a consultant for Eli Lilly and Janssen. He has research contracts with Eli Lilly and Celltech. He is a member of the advisory board of Eli Lilly, Australia; Janssen, Australia; Novartis, Australia and Shire, International. Dr Hazell has given presentations for Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen and Sanofi. He is an investigator in a trial of fluoxetine for autism spectrum disorders. 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PY 2012 IS 3 AR CD008372 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD008372.pub2 PG 33 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 908QQ UT WOS:000301505600019 ER PT J AU Love, V Richters, L Didden, R Korzilius, H Machalicek, W AF Love, Victoria Richters, Lotte Didden, Robert Korzilius, Hubert Machalicek, Wendy TI Sibling relationships in individuals with Angelman syndrome: A comparative study SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Angelman syndrome; sibling relationship; comparative study ID DOWN-SYNDROME; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; AUTISM SPECTRUM; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; BEHAVIOR; PERSPECTIVES; DISORDERS; SKILLS; PEERS AB Objective: Investigating the impact of Angelman syndrome on the sibling relationship. Methods: This study explored differences in sibling relationships between children with a typically-developing sibling (n = 55) and children with a sibling with Angelman syndrome (n 44). Sibling relationships were compared on four factors and 16 sub-scales of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire-Revised. Results: Results showed significant differences in mean scores on each of the four factors (i.e. Warmth/Closeness, Conflict, Rivalry and Dominance/Nurturance) and most of the sub-scales. ANCOVAs showed that demographic variables (number of siblings, living in a two-parent vs single parent household, gender, participant's age, place of residence) did not influence significant differences in sibling relationships between the two groups. Conclusion: Having a brother or sister with Angelman syndrome may influence the way in which the sibling perceives the sibling relationship. This may have important implications for family-centred intervention for this population. C1 [Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Love, Victoria] Ossining High Sch, New York, NY USA. [Korzilius, Hubert; Machalicek, Wendy] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Didden, R (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Behav Sci, POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM r.didden@pwo.ru.nl CR ABRAMOVITCH R, 1987, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V28, P865, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00675.x Arron K, 2011, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V55, P109, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01337.x Brookman-Frazee L, 2006, CLIN CHILD FAM PSYCH, V9, P181, DOI 10.1007/s10567-006-0010-4 Buschbacher P, 2004, RES PRACT PERS SEV D, V29, P25, DOI 10.2511/rpsd.29.1.25 Carpenter B., 2003, BRIT J SPECIAL ED, V27, P135, DOI 10.1111/1467-8527.00176 CELIBERTI DA, 1993, BEHAV THER, V24, P573, DOI 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80319-3 Clayton-Smith J, 2003, J MED GENET, V40, P87, DOI 10.1136/jmg.40.2.87 Cuskelly M, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P917, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00922.x DALLAS E, 1993, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V34, P649, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01063.x Didden R, 2008, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V33, P59, DOI 10.1080/13668250701872126 Didden R, 2009, J APPL RES INTELLECT, V22, P526, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00520.x Didden R, 2004, DISABIL REHABIL, V26, P1263, DOI 10.1080/09638280412331280271 DiSalvo C., 2002, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V17, P198, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576020170040201 Doody MA, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P224, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.09.007 Dunst CJ, 2007, MENT RETARD DEV D R, V13, P370, DOI 10.1002/mrdd.20176 FURMAN W, 1985, CHILD DEV, V56, P448, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00119.x Gasca C, 2011, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V54, P1024 Hancock TB, 1996, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V16, P168 Hannah ME, 2005, AM J MENT RETARD, V110, P87, DOI 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110<87:HBSOCW>2.0.CO;2 Hodapp RM, 2007, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V51, P1018, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00994.x Horsler K, 2006, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V50, P33, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00730.x JAMES SD, 1986, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V19, P173, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-173 Kaminski JW, 2008, J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH, V36, P567, DOI 10.1007/s10802-007-9201-9 Kaminsky L, 2001, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V31, P399, DOI 10.1023/A:1010664603039 Kim T, 2010, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V30, P80, DOI 10.1177/0271121409349146 Kresak K, 2009, TOP EARLY CHILD SPEC, V29, P143, DOI 10.1177/0271121409337949 Laushey KM, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P183, DOI 10.1023/A:1005558101038 Maheady L, 2001, REM SPEC EDUC, V22, P4, DOI 10.1177/074193250102200102 McConachie H, 2007, J EVAL CLIN PRACT, V13, P120, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x MCHALE SM, 1989, DEV PSYCHOL, V25, P421, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.421 Moos R. H., 1981, FAMILY ENV SCALE MAN Moser RP, 2002, PSYCHOL REP, V91, P463, DOI 10.2466/PR0.91.6.463-479 Mulroy S, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P216, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01005.x Norusis N, 2010, SPSS STAT 19 STAT PR Odom S. L., 2003, FOCUS AUTISM OTHER D, V18, P166, DOI DOI 10.1177/10883576030180030401 Roeyers H, 1996, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V26, P303, DOI 10.1007/BF02172476 SCHREIBMAN L, 1983, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V16, P129, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1983.16-129 STONEMAN Z, 1987, AM J MENT RETARD, V92, P290 Stoneman Z, 2005, MENT RETARD, V43, P129 SUMMERS JA, 1995, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V39, P97 Wong TML, 2010, J ADOLESCENCE, V33, P673, DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.11.003 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1751-8423 J9 DEV NEUROREHABIL JI Dev. Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.3109/17518423.2011.637972 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 923SB UT WOS:000302638100002 PM 22296525 ER PT J AU Radstaake, M Didden, R Oliver, C Allen, D Curfs, LMG AF Radstaake, Maartje Didden, Robert Oliver, Christopher Allen, Debbie Curfs, Leopold M. G. TI Functional analysis and functional communication training in individuals with Angelman syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Functional behavioural analysis; precursor; functional equivalence ID SELF-INJURIOUS-BEHAVIOR; CHALLENGING BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; PRECURSORS; PHENOTYPE; CHILDREN; AUTISM AB Objective: To assess the functions of challenging behaviour in four children with Angelman syndrome (AS) and to study the effects of functional communication training (FCT) with precursor-based prompting. This study builds on and extends the study of Allen et al. Method: Experimental functional analysis assessed behavioural functions. FCT was implemented within an ABAB design and effect sizes were calculated. Burst analyses depict tendencies in (precursor) behaviours surrounding target behaviours. Results: Results show challenging behaviour to be aimed at receiving attention, tangibles or escape. Burst analysis designated physical and eye contact and reaching for tangibles as precursors. Effects of FCT ranged from small to large. Conclusion: Behavioural functions for challenging behaviour were found and FCT was effective in reducing its frequency, when precursors were used as the onset of prompting. Functional equivalence between challenging and communicative behaviour was found. Implementing treatment for challenging behaviour based on precursors is advised. C1 [Radstaake, Maartje] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, Inst Behav Sci, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Oliver, Christopher; Allen, Debbie] Univ Birmingham, Ctr Neurodev Disorders, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Curfs, Leopold M. G.] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Radstaake, M (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Special Educ, Inst Behav Sci, POB 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM m.radstaake@pwo.ru.nl FU Angelman Foundation, The Netherlands FX This study was supported by a grant from the Angelman Foundation, The Netherlands. The authors would like to thank the Angelman Foundation in the Netherlands for enabling this research to take place. The Angelman Foundation did not have an involvement in the course of this study. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. CR Allen D, 2010, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V54, P885 Bondy A, 2001, BEHAV MODIF, V25, P725, DOI 10.1177/0145445501255004 Borrero CSW, 2008, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V41, P83, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-83 Buckley SD, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P77, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.07.004 CARR EG, 1985, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V18, P111, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111 Clayton-Smith J, 2001, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V43, P476, DOI 10.1017/S0012162201000871 Clayton-Smith J, 2003, J MED GENET, V40, P87, DOI 10.1136/jmg.40.2.87 De Bildt AA, 2003, SOCIALE ZELFREDZAAM Didden R, 1997, AM J MENT RETARD, V101, P387 Duker PC, 2004, ONE TO ONE TRAINING, P8 Hanley GP, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P147, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 Huete JM, 2010, RES DEV DISABIL, V31, P804, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.02.005 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P215, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215 IWATA BA, 1994, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V27, P197, DOI 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197 Kurtz PF, 2003, J APPL BEHAV ANAL, V36, P205, DOI 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-205 Lalande M, 2007, CELL MOL LIFE SCI, V64, P947, DOI 10.1007/s00018-007-6460-0 Lancioni GE, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V2, P468 Langdon NA, 2008, BEHAV MODIF, V32, P804, DOI 10.1177/0145445508317943 Martin N, 2001, SOFTWARE COLLECTION Matson JL, 2007, RES DEV DISABIL, V28, P353, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2006.01.005 Mount R, 2011, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V55, P339, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01364.x Oliver C, 2007, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V48, P571, DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01736.x Oliver C, 2005, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V49, P591, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00694.x Petty J, 2009, AJIDD-AM J INTELLECT, V14, P356 REICHLE J, 1993, TOP LANG DISORD, V13, P61 Saunders MD, 2005, RES DEV DISABIL, V26, P255, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2004.03.002 Steege M. W., 2009, CONDUCTING SCH BASED Strachan R, 2009, RES DEV DISABIL, V30, P1095, DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.03.005 Summers J, 2009, FOCUS AUTISM DEV DIS, V24, P216, DOI 10.1177/1088357609334057 Trillingsgaard A, 2004, AUTISM, V8, P163, DOI 10.1177/1362361304042720 Williams CA, 2010, AM J MED GENET C, V154C, P432, DOI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30278 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1751-8423 J9 DEV NEUROREHABIL JI Dev. Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.3109/17518423.2011.651537 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 923SB UT WOS:000302638100003 PM 22494082 ER PT J AU Ramdoss, S Machalicek, W Rispoli, M Mulloy, A Lang, R O'Reilly, M AF Ramdoss, Sathiyaprakash Machalicek, Wendy Rispoli, Mandy Mulloy, Austin Lang, Russell O'Reilly, Mark TI Computer-based interventions to improve social and emotional skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Review DE Asperger's; autism; computer-based; social skills ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA; QUANTITATIVE SYNTHESIS; COMMUNICATION-SKILLS; TRAINING-PROGRAM; CHILDREN; RECOGNITION; STUDENTS AB Objective: To review studies involving the use of computer-based interventions (CBI) to improve the social and emotional skills (e. g. emotional recognition) of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: The use of computer-based intervention (CBI) in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may offer some advantages to traditional one-to-one or group instruction including easier differentiation of instruction, decreased distractions and the incorporation of an individual's relative visual learning strengths. However, the results of past research suggest varying outcomes for CBI with individuals with ASD. This review provides a systematic analysis of studies investigating CBI to improve social and emotional skills (e.g. emotion recognition) of individuals with ASD. Electronic database searches and ancestral searches were used to identify studies that met pre-determined inclusion criteria. The included studies were then summarized in terms of: (a) participant characteristics, (b) social and emotional skills targeted, (c) details of the CBI, (d) results, and (e) certainty of evidence. Results: The results of these studies indicated that CBI's effect on social and emotional skills was mixed, with the majority of studies reporting unacceptable outcomes following intervention. Conclusions: Overall, this review suggests that the use of CBI to improve the social and emotional skills of individuals with ASD is a promising practice. A comparison of CBI plus tutoring and face-to-face social skills training suggests that CBI can be as effective as face-to-face instruction. Practitioners should carefully consider the preferences and existing abilities of individuals with ASD and the customizability of the software when deciding to use CBI and selecting a software program. C1 [Ramdoss, Sathiyaprakash] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Special Educ, Meadows Ctr Prevent Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Machalicek, Wendy] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rispoli, Mandy] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mulloy, Austin] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 119 EP 135 DI 10.3109/17518423.2011.651655 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 923SB UT WOS:000302638100006 PM 22494084 ER PT J AU Ollington, N Green, VA O'Reilly, MF Lancioni, GE Didden, R AF Ollington, Nadia Green, Vanessa. A. O'Reilly, Mark F. Lancioni, Giulio E. Didden, Robert TI Functional analysis of insistence on sameness in an 11-year old boy with Asperger syndrome SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Autism spectrum disorders; Asperger syndrome; insistence on sameness; functional assessment; play-based assessment; problem behaviour ID REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AUTISM; DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PEOPLE AB Objective: To identify the functional properties of insistence on sameness associated with autism spectrum disorders. Method: An 11-year-old boy with Asperger syndrome was observed during play where scenarios (mistakes, misplaced items, interrupted activity) were created to correspond with parent-reported scenarios where the child would insist on sameness. The extent of problem behaviour was observed under four functional assessment conditions (restore environment, tangible, attention, escape), according to a multi-element design. Results: The results showed an interaction between the scenario type and type of functional assessment condition. Problem behaviour appeared to have a restorative function related to correcting a mistake, an attention function related to attempting to recruit help in finding a missing item and a tangible function suggesting an attempt to regain access to the materials and activity. Conclusion: Problem behaviours related to insistence on sameness may be motivated by different consequences depending on the scenario created. C1 [Ollington, Nadia] Univ Tasmania, Fac Educ, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Green, Vanessa. A.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [O'Reilly, Mark F.] Univ Texas Austin, Meadows Ctr Preventing Educ Risk, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lancioni, Giulio E.] Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy. [Didden, Robert] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Didden, Robert] Trajectum Hanzeborg, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Ollington, N (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Fac Educ, Private Bag 66, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM nadia.ollington@utas.edu.au FU Australasian Society for Study in Intellectual Disabilities (ASSID Australasian and Tasmania branch) FX This research was supported by grants from the Australasian Society for Study in Intellectual Disabilities (ASSID Australasian and Tasmania branch) and was presented in part at the 45th ASSID Australasian conference, Brisbane, Australia, 2010. The authors have obtained ethical clearance from the Human Research Ethics Committee (Tasmania). Ethical guidelines and procedures have been followed in accord with National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines. CR Aman MG, 1994, SUPPLEMENT ABERRANT Bodfish JW, 2000, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V30, P237, DOI 10.1023/A:1005596502855 Brereton AV, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P863, DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0125-y Didden R, 2008, J INTELL DISABIL RES, V52, P503, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01055.x Evans DW, 1997, CHILD DEV, V68, P58, DOI 10.2307/1131925 Green V. A., 2007, AUTISM RES ADV, P63 Green V. 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Neurorehabil. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.3109/17518423.2012.662660 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Rehabilitation GA 923SB UT WOS:000302638100009 PM 22494085 ER PT J AU Demicheli, V Rivetti, A Debalini, MG Di Pietrantonj, C AF Demicheli, Vittorio Rivetti, Alessandro Debalini, Maria Grazia Di Pietrantonj, Carlo TI Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children SO COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Adolescent; Autistic Disorder [etiology]; Clinical Trials as Topic; Crohn Disease [etiology]; Measles [prevention & control]; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine [administration & dosage; adverse effects]; Mumps [prevention& control]; Rubella [prevention& control];; Vaccines, Attenuated [administration & dosage; adverse effects]; Child; Humans ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; LYMPHOID-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT; COMBINED LIVE MEASLES; MMR MASS VACCINATION; WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS AB Background Mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) are serious diseases that can lead to potentially fatal illness, disability and death. However, public debate over the safety of the trivalent MMR vaccine and the resultant drop in vaccination coverage in several countries persists, despite its almost universal use and accepted effectiveness. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and adverse effects associated with the MMR vaccine in children up to 15 years of age. Search methods For this update we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 2), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, PubMed (July 2004 to May week 2, 2011) and Embase.com (July 2004 to May 2011). Selection criteria We used comparative prospective or retrospective trials assessing the effects of the MMR vaccine compared to placebo, do nothing or a combination of measles, mumps and rubella antigens on healthy individuals up to 15 years of age. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality of the included studies. One review author arbitrated in case of disagreement. Main results We included five randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one controlled clinical trial (CCT), 27 cohort studies, 17 case-control studies, five time-series trials, one case cross-over trial, two ecological studies, six self controlled case series studies involving in all about 14,700,000 children and assessing effectiveness and safety of MMR vaccine. Based on the available evidence, one MMR vaccine dose is at least 95% effective in preventing clinical measles and 92% effective in preventing secondary cases among household contacts. Effectiveness of at least one dose of MMR in preventing clinical mumps in children is estimated to be between 69% and 81% for the vaccine prepared with Jeryl Lynn mumps strain and between 70% and 75% for the vaccine containing the Urabe strain. Vaccination with MMR containing the Urabe strain has demonstrated to be 73% effective in preventing secondary mumps cases. Effectiveness of Jeryl Lynn containing MMR in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps cases in children and adolescents was estimated to be between 64% to 66% for one dose and 83% to 88% for two vaccine doses. We did not identify any studies assessing the effectiveness of MMR in preventing rubella. The highest risk of association with aseptic meningitis was observed within the third week after immunisation with Urabe-containing MMR (risk ratio (RR) 14.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) from 7.93 to 25.71) and within the third (RR 22.5; 95% CI 11.8 to 42.9) or fifth (RR 15.6; 95% CI 10.3 to 24.2) weeks after immunisation with the vaccine prepared with the Leningrad-Zagreb strain. A significant risk of association with febrile seizures and MMR exposure during the two previous weeks (RR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15) was assessed in one large person-time cohort study involving 537,171 children aged between three months and five year of age. Increased risk of febrile seizure has also been observed in children aged between 12 to 23 months (relative incidence (RI) 4.09; 95% CI 3.1 to 5.33) and children aged 12 to 35 months (RI 5.68; 95% CI 2.31 to 13.97) within six to 11 days after exposure to MMR vaccine. An increased risk of thrombocytopenic purpura within six weeks after MMR immunisation in children aged 12 to 23 months was assessed in one case-control study (RR 6.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 30.1) and in one small self controlled case series (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 5.38; 95% CI 2.72 to 10.62). Increased risk of thrombocytopenic purpura within six weeks after MMR exposure was also assessed in one other case-control study involving 2311 children and adolescents between one month and 18 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7). Exposure to the MMR vaccine was unlikely to be associated with autism, asthma, leukaemia, hay fever, type 1 diabetes, gait disturbance, Crohn's disease, demyelinating diseases, bacterial or viral infections. Authors' conclusions The design and reporting of safety outcomes in MMR vaccine studies, both pre- and post-marketing, are largely inadequate. The evidence of adverse events following immunisation with the MMR vaccine cannot be separated from its role in preventing the target diseases. C1 [Demicheli, Vittorio; Rivetti, Alessandro; Debalini, Maria Grazia; Di Pietrantonj, Carlo] Azienda Sanit Locale ASL AL, SSEpi SeREMI Cochrane Vaccines Field, Serv Reg Riferimento Epidemiol, I-15100 Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. RP Demicheli, V (reprint author), Azienda Sanit Locale ASL AL, SSEpi SeREMI Cochrane Vaccines Field, Serv Reg Riferimento Epidemiol, Via Venezia 6, I-15100 Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. EM vdemicheli@aslal.it FU Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy; European Union [1999/C64/14]; Italian Istituto Superiore di Sanita FX Internal sourcesIstituto Superiore di Sanita, Italy.External sourcesEuropean Union Programme for Improved Vaccine Safety Surveillance. EU Contract Number 1999/C64/14, Not specified.The review authors gratefully acknowledge the help received from Shelley Deeks, Sulachni Chandwani, Janet Wale, Sree Nair and Peter Morris for their contribution to this 2011 draft updated review. We wish to thank the following for commenting on the previous review draft: Drs Harald Hejbel, Paddy Farrington, Ms Sally Hopewell, Melanie Rudin, Anne Lusher, Letizia Sampaolo and Valeria Wenzel, Bruce Arroll, Lize van der Merwe, Janet Wale and Leonard Leibovici. The original review was funded by the European Union and by the Italian Istituto Superiore di Sanita. This 2011 update was unfunded. The review authors wish to acknowledge Tom Jefferson and Deirdre Price as previous authors. 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PY 2012 IS 2 AR CD004407 DI 10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub3 PG 161 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904ID UT WOS:000301187200033 ER PT J AU O'Halloran, CJ Kinsella, GJ Storey, E AF O'Halloran, Christopher J. Kinsella, Glynda J. Storey, Elsdon TI The cerebellum and neuropsychological functioning: A critical review SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Cerebellum; Neuropsychology; Cognition; Localization; Neuropsychiatry ID COGNITIVE-AFFECTIVE SYNDROME; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE-8; VERBAL WORKING-MEMORY; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; BIPOLAR DISORDER; FLUENCY TASK; CEREBELLOCEREBRAL DIASCHISIS AB The cerebellum, while once considered a brain region principally involved in motor control and coordination, is increasingly becoming associated with a range of neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric presentations. This paper reviews the dominant neuropsychological domains and neuropsychiatric conditions for which cerebellar involvement has been demonstrated, including visuospatial functioning, learning and memory, language, executive functioning, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia. The paper concludes with a discussion of a potential neuropsychological localization model within the cerebellum and a discussion of prognosis and rates of recovery that can be expected, following localized cerebellar lesions. C1 [O'Halloran, Christopher J.; Kinsella, Glynda J.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Storey, Elsdon] Monash Univ, Dept Med Neurosci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP O'Halloran, CJ (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Sch Psychol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. 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We tested the hypothesis that experience in acting, an activity in which one must step into the shoes of others, leads to growth in both empathy and theory of mind. In two studies, we followed children (elementary school aged) and adolescents (high school freshmen) receiving 1 year of either acting or other arts training (visual arts, music) and assessed empathy and theory of mind before and after training. In both studies, those receiving acting (but not other arts) training showed significant gains in empathy scores; in Study 2, adolescents receiving acting training also showed significant gains on a naturalistic measure of theory of mind, the Empathic Accuracy Paradigm. These findings demonstrate plasticity in empathy and theory of mind long past the watershed age of 3 to 4 years and suggest that both capacities are enhanced by role-playing. C1 [Goldstein, Thalia R.; Winner, Ellen] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. 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PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 4 EP 21 DI 10.1080/10926488.2012.638814 PG 18 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 919SG UT WOS:000302348300002 ER PT J AU Giora, R Gazal, O Goldstein, I Fein, O Stringaris, A AF Giora, Rachel Gazal, Oshrat Goldstein, Idit Fein, Ofer Stringaris, Argyris TI Salience and Context: Interpretation of Metaphorical and Literal Language by Young Adults Diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome SO METAPHOR AND SYMBOL LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; LEXICAL AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CHILDREN; MIND; COMPREHENSION; INDIVIDUALS AB Asperger's Syndrome (AS) involves difficulties in social communication but no delays in language or cognitive development. According to the received view, individuals with AS are biased toward the literal and are insensitive to contextual cues. According to the graded salience hypothesis (Giora, 1997, 2003), participants with AS and controls would be sensitive to both context and degree of salience rather than to degree of nonliterality. Our results show that while individuals with AS generally performed worse than controls, their overall pattern of response was similar to that of controls: both groups performed worse on novel than on familiar expressions, whether literal or metaphorical; both groups benefited from context, which reduced response times and error rates on novel but not on familiar metaphors; both groups rated negative utterances as more metaphoric than their affirmative counterparts. Individuals with AS, then, are sensitive to context and degree of salience and are not biased toward the literal. C1 [Giora, Rachel] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Linguist, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Fein, Ofer] Acad Coll Tel Aviv Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Stringaris, Argyris] Kings Coll London, London, England. 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PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 22 EP 54 DI 10.1080/10926488.2012.638823 PG 33 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 919SG UT WOS:000302348300003 ER PT J AU Gold, R Faust, M AF Gold, Rinat Faust, Miriam TI Metaphor Comprehension in Persons with Asperger's Syndrome: Systemized versus Non-Systemized Semantic Processing SO METAPHOR AND SYMBOL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING ADULTS; RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE; AUTISM; LANGUAGE; CHILDREN; MIND; EXPRESSIONS; EXPLORATION AB Based on findings from previous studies (Gold & Faust, 2010; Gold, Faust, & Goldstein, 2010), the present paper presents a theoretical framework for the understanding of semantic processing in AS. We suggest that semantic processing involves both rule-based and rule violating aspects. These two poles of semantic processing are represented by literal and novel metaphoric expressions, respectively. Literal comprehension requires straightforward, conventional, familiar and predictable association between concepts, thus representing relatively systemized, rule-based, linguistic functions. As opposed to this, the comprehension of novel metaphoric combinations is based on the ability to process new, abstract and relatively unpredictable associations. Thus novel metaphor comprehension involves creation of new associations that might violate the rules underlying literal comprehension. These two aspects of language processing are elaborated and discussed in light of previous research on hemispheric involvement during semantic processing in healthy individuals as well as research on language processing in AS. C1 [Gold, Rinat] Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Gold, R (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. 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PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1080/10926488.2012.638826 PG 15 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 919SG UT WOS:000302348300004 ER PT J AU Colich, NL Wang, AT Rudie, JD Hernandez, LM Bookheimer, SY Dapretto, M AF Colich, Natalie L. Wang, Audrey-Ting Rudie, Jeffrey D. Hernandez, Leanna M. Bookheimer, Susan Y. Dapretto, Mirella TI Atypical Neural Processing of Ironic and Sincere Remarks in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders SO METAPHOR AND SYMBOL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; LANGUAGE-ASSOCIATION CORTEX; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BRAIN ACTIVATION; RIGHT-HEMISPHERE; SPEECH SOUNDS; MENTAL STATES; FMRI AB Individuals with ASD show consistent impairment in processing pragmatic language when attention to multiple social cues (e.g., facial expression, tone of voice) is often needed to navigate social interactions. Building upon prior fMRI work examining how facial affect and prosodic cues are used to infer a speaker's communicative intent, the authors examined whether children and adolescents with ASD differ from typically developing (TD) controls in their processing of sincere versus ironic remarks. At the behavioral level, children and adolescents with ASD and matched TD controls were able to determine whether a speaker's remark was sincere or ironic equally well, with both groups showing longer response times for ironic remarks. At the neural level, for both sincere and ironic scenarios, an extended cortical network-including canonical language areas in the left hemisphere and their right hemisphere counterparts-was activated in both groups, albeit to a lesser degree in the ASD sample. Despite overall similar patterns of activity observed for the two conditions in both groups, significant modulation of activity was detected when directly comparing sincere and ironic scenarios within and between groups. While both TD and ASD groups showed significantly greater activity in several nodes of this extended network when processing ironic versus sincere remarks, increased activity was largely confined to left language areas in TD controls, whereas the ASD sample showed a more bilateral activation profile which included both language and "theory of mind" areas (i.e., ventromedial prefrontal cortex). These findings suggest that, for high-functioning individuals with ASD, increased activity in right hemisphere homologues of language areas in the left hemisphere, as well as regions involved in social cognition, may reflect compensatory mechanisms supporting normative behavioral task performance. 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J., 2001, FUNCTIONAL MRI INTRO, P251 NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1092-6488 EI 1532-7868 J9 METAPHOR SYMBOL JI Metaphor Symb. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 70 EP 92 DI 10.1080/10926488.2012.638856 PG 23 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 919SG UT WOS:000302348300005 ER PT J AU Gernsbacher, MA Pripas-Kapit, SR AF Gernsbacher, Morton Ann Pripas-Kapit, Sarah R. TI Who's Missing the Point? A Commentary on Claims that Autistic Persons Have a Specific Deficit in Figurative Language Comprehension SO METAPHOR AND SYMBOL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS; READING-COMPREHENSION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; CORTICAL ACTIVATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION AB It's become a caricature of autistic persons that they don't understand figurative language. Despite empirical evidence to the contrary, three of the four contributions to this special issue endorse this stereotype without question. And all four contributions attribute this supposed deficit to even shakier fallacies, such as the controversial claim that autistic people lack empathy or a "theory of mind." In this commentary, we begin by reviewing the literature more exhaustively than the other contributions, and we highlight a point that they missed: Autistic persons are likely to have difficulty comprehending figurative language if they also have difficulty comprehending language in general. There doesn't seem to be a specific deficit in figurative language unique to autism. We also tackle the claim that autistic people lack empathy. And we question the existence of a "theory of mind area" while demonstrating the pitfalls that ensnarl researchers when they strain to interpret differences between autistic and non-autistic brain activity as solely autistic deficits. 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PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1080/10926488.2012.656255 PG 13 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 919SG UT WOS:000302348300006 ER PT J AU Imran, N Bhatti, MR Anwar, A Najmi, F Haider, II AF Imran, Nazish Bhatti, Muhammad Riaz Anwar, Adeel Najmi, Fahad Haider, Imran Ijaz TI Children's Mental Health: Pattern of referral, distribution of disorders and service use in child psychiatry outpatient setting SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Child psychiatry; Pattern of referrals; Pakistan; Psychiatric problems; Children mental health ID PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANNOTATION; COUNTRIES; SHORTAGE; THERAPY; SPEECH AB Objective: To determine the pattern of referrals, socio-demographic factors, frequency of psychiatric diagnosis, and help offered to children presenting in Child Psychiatry Department outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Methodology: A cross sectional study of children attending child psychiatry outdoor in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore was conducted. Following informed consent from the parent/legal guardian, 1000 consecutive new referral to the department were assessed by interviewing the parent and the child. A Structured proforma was used for data collection. ICD-10 criteria were used for the diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Record was made of the interventions offered to the child a family. Results: Total sample size was 1000 children with predominant male gender (65%) and mean age of 8.46 (S.D 4.51).More than half (54.5%) of the children in our sample were not enrolled in school and 19% had family history of psychiatric illness. Among the various sources of referral, self-referral was the highest (84.7%) followed by referral from Pediatrics (8.4%). Psychiatric diagnosis observed were Speech Related Difficulties {including speech delay, articulation problems and specific developmental delays of speech a language} (46.5%), Learning Disability (43.3%), Behavior Problems (26.3), Epilepsy (12.6%), Dissociative Disorders (10.1%), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (4.5%), Autism (3.2%), Depression(2.4%), Anxiety(1.7%), Psychosis (1%) and Tics (1%). Co-morbidities were found in 44.7 percent of the children. The various interventions offered included medications, referral to psychologist (for family therapy and individual work), play therapist and speech therapist. Conclusion: Majority of children presenting to the child psychiatry clinic have multiple and complex needs due to high frequency of learning disabilities and co morbidities. The findings illustrate the importance of multidisciplinary approach and to assess the different dimensions of psychopathology in children for future service planning. 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It describes and analyses past and recent charity advertisements in both the United Kingdom and the United States, with attention to the historical context of these and the views and practices of charity and advertising professionals and autistic self-advocates, using David Hevey's three-stage framework for disability representation by charities. The research concludes by considering emerging counter-narratives, which suggest ways charities may escape the perceived need to produce pathos or fear as part of such campaigns. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Autism Ctr Educ & Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Waltz, M (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Educ, Autism Ctr Educ & Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM m.waltz@bham.ac.uk CR Action for Children, 2010, WHAT WE DO DIS CHILD Action for Children, 2009, DANS STOR Action for Children, 2008, ACT CHILD LARG VOL S Advertising Standards Authority, 2009, ASA AD ACT CHILDR JU Advertising Standards Authority, 2009, ASA AD DYN LTD DEC 1 Advertising Standards Authority, 2009, ASA AD MOT NEUR DIS Allison D., 1988, COMMUNICATION, V22, P6 [Anonymous], 2009, DAN REAL STORY [Anonymous], 2009, SOC COMM Autism Speaks, 2009, AUT SPEAKS AD COUNC Barnett J, 1999, J COMMUNITY APPL SOC, V9, P309, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199907/08)9:4<309::AID-CASP515>3.0.CO;2-7 Darke P., 2004, DISABLING BARRIERS E, P100 Davis L. 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Soc. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1080/09687599.2012.631796 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 912DH UT WOS:000301774400005 ER PT J AU Rosqvist, HB AF Rosqvist, Hanna Bertilsdotter TI The politics of joking: narratives of humour and joking among adults with Asperger's syndrome SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE joking; neurotypical humour; Asperger humour; Asperger's syndrome; social accessibility; disability humour; disabling humour ID AUTISM SPECTRUM; IDENTITY; VOICES; ONLINE AB The purpose of this article is to analyse how humour and narratives about humour are used in a natural group of adults with Asperger's syndrome. Narratives about humour and use of humour in the group are analysed from a discursive psychological perspective, informed by insights from both disability studies and critical autism studies. The setting of the research is ethnographic fieldwork in an educational setting in Sweden. In the paper, I show the use of three storylines among a natural group of people with autism (PWA) when talking about humour: the storyline of humourless PWA that dominates within Swedish society; and two alternatives, a storyline of alternative humour among PWA and another storyline in line with the social model of disability, of neurotypical humour or disabling humour. When invoking these two alternative storylines, PWA challenge both the humourlessness storyline and the lack of social accessibility within mainstream neurotypical settings. C1 [Rosqvist, Hanna Bertilsdotter] Umea Univ, Dept Sociol, Umea, Sweden. [Rosqvist, Hanna Bertilsdotter] Umea Univ, Umea Ctr Gender Studies, Umea, Sweden. RP Rosqvist, HB (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Sociol, Umea, Sweden. EM Hanna.Bertilsdotter@soc.umu.se CR Albrecht GL, 1999, BODY SOC, V5, P67, DOI 10.1177/1357034X99005004007 Bagatell N, 2007, DISABIL SOC, V22, P413, DOI 10.1080/09687590701337967 Billig M., 1987, ARGUING THINKING RHE Brownlow C, 2006, MENT RETARD, V44, P315, DOI 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[315:CAAIAV]2.0.CO;2 BROWNLOW C, 2010, J INTELLECT DEV DIS, V35, P1 CONRAD P, 1990, SOC SCI MED, V30, P1257, DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90266-U Davidson J, 2010, SOC CULT GEOGR, V11, P155, DOI 10.1080/14649360903525240 Davidson J, 2008, SOC CULT GEOGR, V9, P791, DOI 10.1080/14649360802382586 Edley N., 2001, DISCOURSE DATA GUIDE, P189 Edley N, 1999, BRIT J SOC PSYCHOL, V38, P181, DOI 10.1348/014466699164112 Frith U, 1991, AUTISM ASPERGER SYND Garland-Thomson R., 1997, EXTRAORDINARY BODIES Jones RL, 2002, NARRAT INQ, V12, P121, DOI 10.1075/ni.12.1.18jon Lyons V, 2004, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V34, P521, DOI 10.1007/s10803-004-2547-8 McGhee P.E., 1979, HUMOR Murray S, 2006, LIT MED, V25, P24, DOI 10.1353/lm.2006.0025 Murray Stuart, 2008, REPRESENTING AUTISM Oliver M., 1990, POLITICS DISABLEMENT Reddy V, 2002, BRIT J PSYCHOL, V93, P219, DOI 10.1348/000712602162553 Reid DK, 2006, DISABIL SOC, V21, P629, DOI 10.1080/09687590600918354 Robillard A., 1999, BODY SOC, V5, P61, DOI 10.1177/1357034X99005004006 Samson AC, 2010, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V40, P438, DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0885-2 Shakespeare Tom, 1999, BODY SOC, V5, P47, DOI 10.1177/1357034X99005004004 Silverman C, 2008, BIOSOCIETIES, V3, P325, DOI 10.1017/S1745855208006236 Simmons-Mackie NN, 2007, APHASIOLOGY, V21, P81, DOI 10.1080/02687030600798311 Singer Judy, 1999, DISABILITY DISCOURSE, V1999, P59 Sperry LA, 2005, AUTISM, V9, P362, DOI 10.1177/1362361305056077 VANBOURGONDIEN ME, 1987, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V17, P417 Ward M. 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TI Validating difference and counting the cost of exclusion in the lives of people who identify as on the autistic spectrum SO DISABILITY & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE difference; identity; autism; exclusion; challenging workplace disablism AB This current issues piece will explore how autobiographies written by people with autism can help identify sensory processing differences that might be viewed as possible attributes in an enabling society, but for which ableist perceptions are often negative. In concrete terms, these constructions may be preventing people from entering employment and making an economic contribution. The first autobiography written by someone who identified as being on the autism spectrum was by David Eastham in 1985. Since then, over 50 such books have been published. The emergence of such autobiographies challenges assumptions about what it is to be on the autism spectrum. It was often assumed people with autism were incapable of such social communication, as autobiographies assume abilities such as self-awareness, imagination and the ability and desire to communicate. These were all traits that were thought to be absent in someone diagnosed with autism. Consequently, the presence of these autobiographies destabilises and questions the dichotomy that was set up between what constitutes 'normal' and 'abnormal' behaviour. C1 Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge, England. RP Young, LL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge, England. EM lly20@hermes.cam.ac.uk CR Ashby CE, 2009, INT J INCLUSIVE EDUC, V13, P501, DOI 10.1080/13603110801886673 Beardon L., 2007, ASPECT CONSULTANCY R Clarke J, 2007, DISABIL SOC, V22, P761, DOI 10.1080/09687590701659618 Eastham D., 1985, UNDERSTAND 50 MEMOWR Edwards L., 2002, LIT REV EFFECTS NATU Graetz JE, 2010, DISABIL SOC, V25, P33, DOI 10.1080/09687590903363324 Grandin T., 1995, THINKING PICTURES OT HM Government, 1995, STAT DIS DISCR ACT HM Government, 2010, STAT EQ ACT 2010, pc5 Jackson L., 2002, FREAKS GEEKS ASPERGE Myles B S., 2000, ASPERGERS SYNDROME S Williams D., 2002, NOBODY NOWHERE NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0968-7599 J9 DISABIL SOC JI Disabil. Soc. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1080/09687599.2011.644937 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 912DH UT WOS:000301774400010 ER PT J AU Hayashi, T Yoshida, T Mishina, M AF Hayashi, Takashi Yoshida, Tomoyuki Mishina, Masayoshi TI Mental retardation/Autism spectrum disorder related gene product IL1RAPL1 regulates membrane trafficking of the AMPA receptor in glutamatergic synapses SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacolog Soc C1 [Hayashi, Takashi; Yoshida, Tomoyuki; Mishina, Masayoshi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Mol Neurobiol & Pharmacol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2012 VL 118 SU 1 BP 118P EP 118P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 913MY UT WOS:000301883300407 ER PT J AU Yoshida, T Yasumura, M Uemura, T Lee, SJ Ra, M Taguchi, R Iwakura, Y Mishina, M AF Yoshida, Tomoyuki Yasumura, Misato Uemura, Takeshi Lee, Sung-Jin Ra, Moonjin Taguchi, Ryo Iwakura, Yoichiro Mishina, Masayoshi TI IL1RAPL1 associated with mental retardation and autism induces excitatory synapse formation through trans-synaptic interaction with PTP delta SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the Japanese-Pharmacological-Society CY MAR 14-16, 2012 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japanese Pharmacolog Soc C1 [Yoshida, Tomoyuki; Yasumura, Misato; Uemura, Takeshi; Lee, Sung-Jin; Mishina, Masayoshi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Mol Neurobiol & Pharmacol, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Yoshida, Tomoyuki] JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Ra, Moonjin; Taguchi, Ryo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Metabolome, Grad Sch Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Iwakura, Yoichiro] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Exp Med & Syst Biol, Inst Med Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. RI Iwakura, Yoichiro/E-5457-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 PU JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC PI KYOTO PA EDITORIAL OFF, KANTOHYA BLDG GOKOMACHI-EBISUGAWA NAKAGYO-KU, KYOTO, 604, JAPAN SN 1347-8613 J9 J PHARMACOL SCI JI J. Pharmacol. Sci. PY 2012 VL 118 SU 1 BP 232P EP 232P PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 913MY UT WOS:000301883301396 ER PT J AU Nadebaum, C Anderson, V Vajda, F Reutens, D Wood, A AF Nadebaum, Caroline Anderson, Vicki Vajda, Frank Reutens, David Wood, Amanda TI Neurobehavioral Consequences of Prenatal Antiepileptic Drug Exposure SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME; IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; CHILDREN BORN; PSYCHOLOGICAL-DEVELOPMENT; ANTICONVULSANT SYNDROME; PREGNANCY REGISTRIES; EPILEPTIC PARENTS; MATERNAL EPILEPSY AB Despite elevated rates of birth defects associated with prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure, pharmacotherapy is typically continued throughout pregnancy because of the risks posed to mother and child by recurrent seizures. Emerging data suggest that prenatal exposure to valproate or polytherapy may also be associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, our understanding of the longer-term sequelae of prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure remains incomplete. Improved understanding of the neurobehavioral consequences of prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure is essential to ensure accurate information is available for women with epilepsy planning a pregnancy, and to achieve optimal outcomes for mothers and children. C1 [Wood, Amanda] Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Nadebaum, Caroline; Anderson, Vicki; Wood, Amanda] Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Parkville, Vic, Australia. [Wood, Amanda] Monash Univ, Dept Med, So Clin Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Nadebaum, Caroline] Monash Univ, Sch Psychol & Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Nadebaum, Caroline; Anderson, Vicki] Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Anderson, Vicki; Vajda, Frank] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Vajda, Frank] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Vajda, Frank] Royal Melbourne Hosp, Dept Med, Australian Pregnancy Register Women Epilepsy & Al, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. [Reutens, David] Univ Queensland, Ctr Adv Imaging, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Wood, A (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Psychol, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM a.g.wood@bham.ac.uk FU Australian Research Council [LP0669648]; Australian Postgraduate Award; NHMRC FX This review was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council (LP0669648). Caroline Nadebaum was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award scholarship and Amanda Wood was supported by a NHMRC postdoctoral fellowship grant. 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Neuropsychol. PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1080/87565641.2011.589483 PG 29 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 909ZD UT WOS:000301605800001 PM 22292829 ER PT J AU Manson, C Winterbottom, M AF Manson, Christopher Winterbottom, Mark TI Examining the association between empathising, systemising, degree subject and gender SO EDUCATIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE systemising; empathising; gender; subject choice; cognition; sciences; arts ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; NORMAL SEX-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; ADULTS; QUOTIENT; PERFORMANCE; HUMANITIES; ABILITIES; SCIENCES; MIND AB Systemising is the drive to analyse or construct systems, and can be assessed by a systemising quotient (SQ). Empathising is the drive to identify mental states and respond with an appropriate emotion, and can be assessed by an empathising quotient (EQ). Previous evidence suggests that: (1) males are more drawn to systemise than females, and females are more drawn to empathise than males; and (2) males are more likely to work in science and engineering, or to study science subjects at university. This study found: (1) males score more highly on the SQ, and females score more highly on the EQ; (2) controlling for age and gender, there is an association between degree subject and SQ and EQ scores, with "scientists" scoring higher on the SQ and "artists" scoring more highly on the EQ; and (3) individuals' scores on EQ and SQ were better predictors of degree subject than gender. C1 [Winterbottom, Mark] Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge, England. [Manson, Christopher] Univ Cambridge, Homerton Coll, Cambridge, England. RP Winterbottom, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Fac Educ, Cambridge, England. 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M., 1990, CHILDRENS THEORIES M Wheelwright S, 2006, BRAIN RES, V1079, P47, DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.012 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0305-5698 J9 EDUC STUD-UK JI Educ. Stud. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1080/03055698.2011.567032 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 912FO UT WOS:000301780300008 ER PT J AU DeLong, G AF DeLong, Gayle TI Conflicts of Interest in Vaccine Safety Research SO ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-POLICIES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE adverse effects of vaccines; autism; conflicts of interest; vaccine research; vaccine safety ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; THIMEROSAL; ALUMINUM; AUTISM; CONCORDANCE; PREVALENCE; CONFIDENCE; ADJUVANTS; JOURNALS AB Conflicts of interest (COIs) cloud vaccine safety research. Sponsors of research have competing interests that may impede the objective study of vaccine side effects. Vaccine manufacturers, health officials, and medical journals may have financial and bureaucratic reasons for not wanting to acknowledge the risks of vaccines. Conversely, some advocacy groups may have legislative and financial reasons to sponsor research that finds risks in vaccines. Using the vaccine-autism debate as an illustration, this article details the conflicts of interest each of these groups faces, outlines the current state of vaccine safety research, and suggests remedies to address COIs. Minimizing COIs in vaccine safety research could reduce research bias and restore greater trust in the vaccine program. C1 CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Dept Econ & Finance, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP DeLong, G (reprint author), CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Dept Econ & Finance, 1 Bernard Baruch Way,Box B10-225, New York, NY 10010 USA. 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Res. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 2 BP 65 EP 88 DI 10.1080/08989621.2012.660073 PG 24 WC Medical Ethics SC Medical Ethics GA 909RB UT WOS:000301580800001 PM 22375842 ER PT J AU Peters, C Algina, J Smith, SW Daunic, AP AF Peters, Christine Algina, James Smith, Stephen W. Daunic, Ann P. TI Factorial validity of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-Teacher form SO CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRIEF; Factor analysis; Executive function; Internal validity; Rating scale ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; COVARIANCE STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; SELF-REGULATION; ADHD; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; INTERVENTION; INHIBITION; EPILEPSY AB Deficits in executive function (self-regulatory mechanisms) have been linked with many childhood disorders including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and conduct disorder. Executive functioning is typically assessed by individually administering performance-based measures in a clinical setting. However, performance-based methods are inefficient for school psychologists. A more feasibly implemented measure for applied settings is the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), but researchers have raised questions about the internal validity and the proposed factors. In this study, we examined the factor structure of the teacher form of the BRIEF in a sample of 2,044 general education elementary students and 131 teachers in a multi-level design. Results revealed support for a model with three factors at Level 1 and one general factor at Level 2. The results of our study do not support the current two-factor model of the published BRIEF protocol. C1 [Peters, Christine; Algina, James; Smith, Stephen W.; Daunic, Ann P.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Peters, C (reprint author), Yates Elementary Sch, 301 N Kingsway Rd, Brandon, FL 33510 USA. EM drchristinepeters@gmail.com CR Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE Alloway TP, 2009, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V40, P353, DOI 10.1007/s10578-009-0131-3 American Educational Research Association; American Psychological Association; National Council on Measurement in Education, 2002, STAND ED PSYCH TEST American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, V4th Anderson VA, 2002, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V8, P231 Baltruschat L, 2011, RES AUTISM SPECT DIS, V5, P267, DOI 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.008 Barkley R. A., 2006, ATTENTION DEFICIT HY, V3rd Barkley RA, 1997, PSYCHOL BULL, V121, P65, DOI 10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 Berg EA, 1948, J GEN PSYCHOL, V39, P15 Berlin L, 2004, CHILD NEUROPSYCHOL, V10, P1 Blair C, 2008, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V20, P899, DOI 10.1017/S0954579408000436 Conners K., 2005, CONNERS TEACHER RATI Daunic A. 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PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 181 DI 10.1080/09297049.2011.594427 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 910OD UT WOS:000301648200004 PM 21819277 ER PT J AU Giallo, R Gavidia-Payne, S Minett, B Kapoor, A AF Giallo, Rebecca Gavidia-Payne, Susana Minett, Belinda Kapoor, Aparna TI Sibling voices: The self-reported mental health of siblings of children with a disability SO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE adjustment; disability; mental health; siblings ID DIFFICULTIES-QUESTIONNAIRE; NORMATIVE DATA; STRENGTHS; PERSPECTIVES; ADJUSTMENT; AUTISM; STRESS; IMPACT AB Background: There is increasing interest in the experiences and well-being of siblings growing up with a brother or sister with a disability in Australia. However, research to date has primarily obtained parent reports of sibling adjustment and mental health. Therefore, the aim of the current study was threefold: (1) to report on the mental health of siblings using a self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); (2) to compare sibling mental health with Australian normative data on the SDQ; and (3) to identify socio-demographic and disability characteristics associated with sibling mental health difficulties. Methods: Participants were 52 siblings (aged 10-18 years) of children with varying disabilities. Results: Although siblings reported significantly more emotional and behavioural problems than a normative sample, the majority of siblings reported overall good mental health within the normal range on all SDQ subscales. Approximately 20-30% of siblings were identified as at-risk or in the clinical range for overall difficulties, hyperactivity-inattention, conduct and peer problems; and 15% at-risk or in the clinical range for emotional symptoms and prosocial behaviour. Socio-demographic and disability characteristics were not associated with mental health difficulties. Conclusions: A small proportion of siblings are at risk of emotional and behavioural problems. Implications for future research, policy, and clinical practice are discussed. C1 [Giallo, Rebecca] Parenting Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. [Gavidia-Payne, Susana; Minett, Belinda; Kapoor, Aparna] RMIT Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Bundoora, Vic, Australia. RP Giallo, R (reprint author), Parenting Res Ctr, Level 5,232 Victoria Parade, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. 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A structural equation model of the relation between brain type, sex, and motivation to learn science SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Motivation; Cognition; Brain type; Attitudes; Quantitative research; Secondary school; Sex; Gender ID HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; EMPATHY QUOTIENT EQ; SYSTEMATIZING QUOTIENT; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; SCHOOL SCIENCE; FIT INDEXES; ADULTS; ATTITUDES; STUDENTS AB Sex is considered to be one of the most significant factors influencing attitudes towards science. However, the so-called brain type approach from cognitive science suggests that the difference in motivation to learn science does not primarily differentiate the girls from the boys, but rather the so-called systemisers from the empathizers. The present study investigates this hypothesis by using structural equation modelling on a sex-stratified sample of 500 male and female students of secondary II level. The results show, that the motivation to learn science is directly influenced by the systemizing quotient SQ, but not by sex. The impact of sex on the motivation to learn science, measured by five key concepts, only works indirectly, namely through the influence of sex on the SQ. The empathizing quotient (EQ) has no impact on the motivation to learn science. The SQ explains between 13 and 23 percent of the variation of the five key constructs. In female students, the impact of the SQ is very similar for all key concepts. In male students, it is highest for self-efficacy and lowest for assessment anxiety. The motivation to learn science is significantly larger for male students in all involved SMQ key concepts, but the difference is small. The interpretation of these findings and conclusions for science teaching and further research are discussed. C1 [Zeyer, Albert; Odermatt, Freia] Univ Zurich, Inst Upper Secondary & Vocat Educ, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. 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Immune dysfunction has been confirmed with autistic children. There are no defined mechanisms of pathogenesis or curative therapy presently available. Indeed, ASDs are still untreatable. Available treatments for autism can be divided into behavioural, nutritional, and medical approaches, although no defined standard approach exists. Nowadays, stem cell therapy represents the great promise for the future of molecular medicine. Among the stem cell population, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show probably best potential good results inmedical research. Due to the particular immune and neural dysregulation observed in ASDs, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could offer a unique tool to provide better resolution for this disease. C1 [Siniscalco, Dario; Giordano, Catia; Maione, Sabatino] Univ Naples 2, Div Pharmacol L Donatelli, Dept Expt Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy. [Siniscalco, Dario] Ctr Autism, I-80138 Naples, Italy. [Sapone, Anna] Univ Naples 2, Dept Internal & Expt Med Magrassi Lanzara, I-80138 Naples, Italy. [Sapone, Anna] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Celiac Res, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Sapone, Anna] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cirillo, Alessandra] Univ Naples 2, Div Biotechnol & Mol Biol A Cascino, Dept Expt Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy. [Antonucci, Nicola] Biomed Ctr Autism Res & Treatment, I-70122 Bari, Italy. RP Siniscalco, D (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Div Pharmacol L Donatelli, Dept Expt Med, Via S Maria di Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy. EM dariosin@uab.edu FU Autism Research Institute, USA FX The authors gratefully thank Mr. Enzo Abate, Ms. Giovanna Gallone, and the nonprofit organizations "La Forza del Silenzio" and "Cancellautismo," Italy for their useful assistance. The authors thank the Autism Research Institute, USA (ARI grant "Research that makes a difference" 2010) for financial support of this study. 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Biomed. Biotechnol. PY 2012 AR 480289 DI 10.1155/2012/480289 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 906WK UT WOS:000301379600001 ER PT J AU Samadi, SA Mahmoodizadeh, A McConkey, R AF Samadi, Sayyed Ali Mahmoodizadeh, Ameneh McConkey, Roy TI A national study of the prevalence of autism among five-year-old children in Iran SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; Iran; prevalence; typical autism ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; POPULATION COHORT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECOGNITION; STATES; CHINA AB In Iran, more than 1.3 million five-year olds have been screened for autism over three academic years, with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is used to confirm a diagnosis of typical autism. The resulting prevalence of 6.26 per 10,000 for typical autism is in line with rates for certain countries but is lower than those reported recently for some Western nations. This may be due to the younger age range assessed but the suitability of the tools and aspects of Iranian culture could be other reasons for the lower prevalence. International comparisons of prevalence rates is fraught with difficulties, but it is a valuable endeavour as it can identify issues around cultural and societal perceptions of children's development. C1 [Samadi, Sayyed Ali] Univ Ulster, Sch Nursing, Inst Nursing Res, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, North Ireland. [Mahmoodizadeh, Ameneh] Iranian Special Educ Org, Tehran, Iran. RP Samadi, SA (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Sch Nursing, Inst Nursing Res, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, North Ireland. 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TI The impact of the Advancing Social-communication And Play (ASAP) intervention on preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; intervention; play; preschool; social-communication ID JOINT ATTENTION; LANGUAGE-DEVELOPMENT; SYMBOLIC PLAY; PRETEND PLAY; 2ND YEAR; CHILDREN; INFANTS; CONTINUITY; GESTURES; ISSUES AB This study evaluates an intervention targeting social-communication and play skills (Advancing Social-communication And Play; ASAP) implemented by school staff in a public preschool setting. With increases in enrollment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in school systems, establishing the effectiveness and feasibility of interventions implemented in school settings is important. In clinical settings, interventions targeting social-communication and play behaviors have increased these skills and impacted later language abilities. Results of this single-case design study indicated the ASAP intervention had a positive impact on social-communication and play skills for three preschoolers with ASD. All participants showed either increases in frequency or more stability in targeted behaviors. Social validity results provide additional support for the use of ASAP with preschoolers with ASD. C1 [Dykstra, Jessica R.; Boyd, Brian A.; Watson, Linda R.; Crais, Elizabeth R.; Baranek, Grace T.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Dykstra, JR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 321 S Columbia St,CB 7190, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. 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To explore this paradox, we assessed nine savant artists with ASD, nine talented art students, nine non-artistically talented individuals with ASD, and nine individuals with mild/moderate learning difficulties (MLD) on tasks in and out of their domain of expertise. This was to ascertain whether the performance of the savant artists was related to their artistic ability, their diagnosis of ASD or their level of intellectual functioning. Results demonstrated that the responses of the art students were more creative (as assessed on measures of fluency, originality, elaboration, and flexibility) than the savant, ASD, and MLD groups on a drawing task. Although the savants did produce more elaborative responses than the ASD and MLD groups, no differences were observed on the other indices of creativity. 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P., 1974, TORRANCE TESTS CREAT Treffert DA, 2009, PHILOS T R SOC B, V364, P1351, DOI 10.1098/rstb.2008.0326 Turner MA, 1999, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V40, P189, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098003515 White SJ, 2009, AUTISM RES, V2, P138, DOI 10.1002/aur.78 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1177/1362361311403783 PG 13 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 895LG UT WOS:000300497100005 PM 21486898 ER PT J AU Remington, A Campbell, R Swettenham, J AF Remington, Anna Campbell, Ruth Swettenham, John TI Attentional status of faces for people with autism spectrum disorder SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE face processing; selective attention; perception ID PERCEPTUAL LOAD; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; EARLY RECOGNITION; CHILDREN; STIMULI; AREA; INDIVIDUALS; INFANTS AB In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of attention in the processing of social stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Research has demonstrated that, for typical adults, faces have a special status in attention and are processed in an automatic and mandatory fashion even when participants attempt to ignore them. Under conditions of high load in a selective attention task, when irrelevant stimuli are usually not processed, typical adults continue to process distractor faces. Although there is evidence of a lack of attentional bias towards faces in ASD, there has been no direct test of whether faces are processed automatically using the distractor-face paradigm. In the present study 16 typical adults and 16 adults with ASD performed selective attention tasks with face and musical instrument distractors. The results indicated that even when the load of the central task was high, typical adults continued to be distracted by irrelevant face stimuli, whereas individuals with ASD were able to ignore them. In the equivalent non-social task, distractors had no effect at high load for either group. The results suggest that faces are processed in an automatic and mandatory fashion in typical adults but not in adults with ASD. C1 [Remington, Anna; Campbell, Ruth; Swettenham, John] UCL, London WC1H 0AP, England. RP Remington, A (reprint author), UCL, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, England. EM a.remington@ucl.ac.uk; j.swettenham@ucl.ac.uk RI Campbell, Ruth/K-5934-2012 CR American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DSM 4 DIAGN STAT MAN, V4th Behrmann M, 2006, TRENDS COGN SCI, V10, P258, DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 Bird G, 2006, NEUROIMAGE, V31, P1614, DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.037 Critchley HD, 2000, BRAIN, V123, P2203, DOI 10.1093/brain/123.11.2203 Dawson G, 2004, DEV PSYCHOL, V40, P271, DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 FARAH MJ, 1995, VISION RES, V35, P2089, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(94)00273-O Hubl D, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P1232 Jemel B, 2006, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V36, P91, DOI 10.1007/s10803-005-0050-5 Jenkins R, 2003, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V65, P298, DOI 10.3758/BF03194801 JOHNSON MH, 1991, COGNITION, V40, P1, DOI 10.1016/0010-0277(91)90045-6 Johnson MH, 2005, NAT REV NEUROSCI, V6, P766, DOI 10.1038/nrn1766 Kanwisher N, 1997, J NEUROSCI, V17, P4302 Kikuchi Y, 2009, CHILD DEV, V80, P1421, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01342.x Klin A, 2009, NATURE, V459, P257, DOI 10.1038/nature07868 Klin A, 2002, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V59, P809, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 Lavie N, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI, V14, P510, DOI 10.1111/1467-9280.03453 LAVIE N, 1994, PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS, V56, P183, DOI 10.3758/BF03213897 Lord C., 2002, AUTISM DIAGNOSTIC OB Maylor EA, 1998, PSYCHOL AGING, V13, P563, DOI 10.1037//0882-7974.13.4.563 Nelson H. E., 1982, NATL ADULT READING T OSTERLING J, 1994, J AUTISM DEV DISORD, V24, P247, DOI 10.1007/BF02172225 Osterling JA, 2002, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V14, P239 Pierce K, 2001, BRAIN, V124, P2059, DOI 10.1093/brain/124.10.2059 Remington A, 2009, PSYCHOL SCI, V20, P1388, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02454.x Schultz RT, 2005, INT J DEV NEUROSCI, V23, P125, DOI 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012 Schultz RT, 2000, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V57, P331, DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.57.4.331 Speer LL, 2007, AUTISM, V11, P265, DOI 10.1177/1362361307076925 Swettenham J, 1998, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V39, P747, DOI 10.1017/S0021963098002595 Valenza E, 1996, J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN, V22, P892, DOI 10.1037/0096-1523.22.4.892 Wechsler D, 1999, WECHSLER ABBREVIATED NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1177/1362361311409257 PG 15 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 895LG UT WOS:000300497100006 PM 21705475 ER PT J AU Grayson, A Emerson, A Howard-Jones, P O'Neil, L AF Grayson, Andrew Emerson, Anne Howard-Jones, Patricia O'Neil, Lynne TI Hidden communicative competence: Case study evidence using eye-tracking and video analysis SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism; case study; communication disability; communication skills; eye-tracking; facilitated communication; intellectual disability; learning disability; literacy; video analysis; systematic observation ID FACILITATED COMMUNICATION; AUTISM; AUTHORSHIP AB A facilitated communication (FC) user with an autism spectrum disorder produced sophisticated texts by pointing, with phys-ical support, to letters on a letterboard while their eyes were tracked and while their pointing movements were video recorded. This FC user has virtually no independent means of expression, and is held to have no literacy skills. The resulting data were subjected to a variety of analyses aimed at describing the relationship between the FC user's looking and pointing behaviours, in order to make inferences about the complex question of 'authorship'. The eye-tracking data present a challenge to traditional 'facilitator influence' accounts of authorship, and are consistent with the proposition that this FC user does indeed author the sophisticated texts that are attributed to him; he looks for longer at to-be-typed letters before typing them, and looks ahead to subsequent letters of words before the next letter of the word is typed. C1 [Grayson, Andrew; Emerson, Anne] Nottingham Trent Univ, Nottingham NG1 4BU, England. RP Grayson, A (reprint author), Nottingham Trent Univ, Burton St, Nottingham NG1 4BU, England. 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SO AUTISM LA English DT Article DE autism spectrum disorder; sheltered workshops; supported employment ID SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT AB This study investigated whether sheltered workshops help prepare individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for competitive employment within the community. Two groups of individuals were compared: (a) 215 supported employees who were in sheltered workshops prior to entering supported employment and (b) 215 supported employees who were not in sheltered workshops. Individuals from both groups were matched based on their primary diagnosis, secondary diagnosis (if present), and gender. Results showed that there were no differences in rates of employment between these two groups. However, individuals who participated in sheltered workshops earned significantly less (US$129.36 versus US$191.42 per week), and cost significantly more to serve (US$6,065.08 versus US$2,440.60), than their non-sheltered workshop peers. Results presented here suggest that individuals with ASD achieve better vocational outcomes if they do not participate in sheltered workshops prior to enrolling in supported employment. C1 [Cimera, Robert Evert; Burgess, Sloane] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Wehman, Paul; West, Michael] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Cimera, RE (reprint author), 405 White Hall, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM rcimera@kent.edu CR Bellamy G. T., 1986, COMPETITIVE EMPLOYME, P257 Blanck P, 2003, WM MARY L REV, V44, P1029 Braddock D., 2008, STATE STATES DEV DIS Butterworth J., 2009, STATE DATA NATL REPO Cameto R, 2003, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT NLT Chappel S. L., 2010, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V32, P117, DOI [10.3233/JVR-2010-0498, DOI 10.3233/JVR-2010-0501] Cimera R, J VOCATIONA IN PRESS Inge K. J., 2009, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V30, P67 Levin H. M., 2000, COST EFFECTIVENESS A Mallas AA, 1976, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V11, P334 Migliore A., 2008, J VOCATIONAL REHABIL, V28, P29 PARENT WS, 1989, J REHABIL, V55, P51 Rehabilitation Services Administration, 2004, RSAPD0404 ROSEN M, 1993, J REHABIL, V59, P30 SCHUSTER JW, 1990, MENT RETARD, V28, P233 Wehman P., 2011, ESSENTIALS TRANSITIO West M, 1998, EDUC TRAIN MENT RET, V33, P239 Whitehead CW, 1986, REM SPEC EDUC, V7, P18 WHITEHEAD CW, 1979, J REHABIL, V45, P77 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1362-3613 J9 AUTISM JI Autism PD JAN PY 2012 VL 16 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1177/1362361311408129 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 895LG UT WOS:000300497100008 PM 21610189 ER PT J AU Trent, S Davies, W AF Trent, Simon Davies, William TI The influence of sex-linked genetic mechanisms on attention and impulsivity SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Sexual dimorphism; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Attention; Impulsivity; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Sex chromosomes; Autism; SRY; MAOA; Steroid sulfatase; Neurosteroids; Turner syndrome; COMT ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; MONOAMINE OXIDASE-A; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING SEVERITY; ORBITAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; POSTMORTEM HUMAN BRAIN; LOW SACCHARIN INTAKE AB It is now generally agreed that there are inherent sex differences in healthy individuals across a number of neurobiological domains (including brain structure, neurochemistry, and cognition). Moreover, there is a burgeoning body of evidence highlighting sex differences within neuropsychiatric populations (in terms of the rates of incidence, clinical features/progression, neurobiology and pathology). Here, we consider the extent to which attention and impulsivity are sexually dimorphic in healthy populations and the extent to which sex might modulate the expression of disorders characterised by abnormalities in attention and/or impulsivity such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and addiction. We then discuss general genetic mechanisms that might underlie sex differences in attention and impulsivity before focussing on specific positional and functional candidate sex-linked genes that are likely to influence these cognitive processes. Identifying novel sex-modulated molecular targets should ultimately enable us to develop more effective therapies in disorders associated with attentional/impulsive dysfunction. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cardiff Univ, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Res Inst, Behav Genet Grp,Sch Psychol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. Cardiff Univ, MRC Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Neurosci & Mental Hlth Res Inst, Behav Genet Grp,Sch Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Trent, S (reprint author), Tower Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. EM trents@cardiff.ac.uk RI Trent, Simon/B-4228-2010; Davies, William/A-8006-2009 OI Trent, Simon/0000-0001-9563-4281; FU Medical Research Council United Kingdom (MRC, UK) [91052]; Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) FX This work was funded by a Medical Research Council United Kingdom (MRC, UK) New Investigator Grant to WD (91052), and by a Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) Fellowship to WD. 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PD JAN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.011 PG 13 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 884NJ UT WOS:000299714500001 PM 21983394 ER PT J AU Hattori, K Tanaka, H Yamamoto, N Teraishi, T Hori, H Kinoshita, Y Matsuo, J Kawamoto, Y Kunugi, H AF Hattori, Kotaro Tanaka, Haruko Yamamoto, Noriko Teraishi, Toshiya Hori, Hiroaki Kinoshita, Yukiko Matsuo, Junko Kawamoto, Yumiko Kunugi, Hiroshi TI Blood CADPS2 Delta Exon3 expression is associated with intelligence and memory in healthy adults SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAPS2; Splicing variant; Intelligence quotient; Memory; Autistic disorder; BDNF; Dopamine ID BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM; CA2+-DEPENDENT ACTIVATOR PROTEIN; AUTISTIC-LIKE PHENOTYPES; HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM; SPATIAL WORKING-MEMORY; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; IMPAIRED MEMORY; MONOAMINERGIC MODULATION; CADPS2-KNOCKOUT MICE; HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION AB Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion 2 (CADPS2), a secretory granule associate protein, mediates monoamine transmission and neurotrophin release. Both monoamines and neurotrophins play a crucial role in cognition, learning and memory. An aberrant splice variant of C4DPS2, CADPS2 Delta Exon3, was reported to be associated with autism. Therefore, we examined the possible association between the expression of CADPS2/CADPS2 Delta Exon3 in peripheral blood and brain functions such as intelligence and memory. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed in 271 healthy adults (age range 20-74 years, mean +/- SD 43.3 +/- 153). Data on intelligence quotient (IQ) and memory were obtained by using full versions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), respectively. CADPS2 expression levels were not significantly associated with any scores/sub-scores of these scales. However, CADPS2 Delta Exon3 expression was significantly associated with lower IQ (p = 0.022; effect size: eta(2)(p) = 0.031), particularly verbal IQ of WAIS-R (p = 0.019; eta(2)(p) = 0.032), lower verbal memory (p = 0.026; eta(2)(p) = 0.026) and delayed recall (p = 0.042; eta(2)(p) = 0.021) of WMS-R. Our results suggest that CADPS2 Delta Exon3 affects intelligence and memory in the non-clinical population. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hattori, Kotaro; Tanaka, Haruko; Yamamoto, Noriko; Teraishi, Toshiya; Hori, Hiroaki; Kinoshita, Yukiko; Matsuo, Junko; Kawamoto, Yumiko; Kunugi, Hiroshi] Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Neurosci, Dept Mental Disorder Res, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878502, Japan. [Hori, Hiroaki; Kunugi, Hiroshi] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Saitama, Japan. RP Hattori, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Natl Inst Neurosci, Dept Mental Disorder Res, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878502, Japan. EM hattori@ncnp.go.jp FU Health and Labor Science Research Grant [H21-KOKORO-WAKATE-20, H21-KOKORO-001]; CREST of JST; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [22591269]; NCNP; Takeda Science Foundation; Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation FX This work was supported by a Health and Labor Science Research Grant (H21-KOKORO-WAKATE-20 and H21-KOKORO-001), CREST of JST, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI, 22591269), Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP, Takeda Science Foundation, and Mitsubishi Pharma Research Foundation. 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The phenotypic adaptations in brain structure and function which occurred on the way to modern humans may be associated with specific molecular signatures in today's human genome and/or transcriptome. Genes that have been linked to language, reading, and/or autism spectrum disorders are prime candidates when searching for genes for human-specific communication abilities. The database and genome-wide expression analyses we present here revealed a clustering of such communication-associated genes (COAG) on human chromosomes X and 7, in particular chromosome 7q31-q36. Compared to the rest of the genome, we found a high number of COAG to be differentially expressed in the cortices of humans and non-human primates (chimpanzee, baboon, and/or marmoset). The role of X-linked genes for the development of human-specific cognitive abilities is well known. We now propose that chromosome 7q31-q36 also represents a hot spot for the evolution of human-specific communication abilities. 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There are multiple initial experiences of single-case studies or reports concerning the feasibility of these approaches. Extensive efficacy studies can be found primarily in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. C1 [Petermann, Franz; Petermann, Ulrike] Univ Bremen, Zentrum Klin Psychol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Petermann, F (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Zentrum Klin Psychol & Rehabil, Grazer Str 2 & 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM fpeterm@uni-bremen.de CR Angelosante AG, 2009, COGN BEHAV PRACT, V16, P345 Chronis A. M., 2004, BEHAV THER, V25, P486 Davis T. 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Entwickl. PY 2012 VL 21 IS 2 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1026/0942-5403/a000073 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 903SE UT WOS:000301139500001 ER PT J AU Poustka, L Rothermel, B Banaschewski, T Kamp-Becker, I AF Poustka, Luise Rothermel, Boris Banaschewski, Tobias Kamp-Becker, Inge TI Intensive behavioral interventions in autism spectrum disorders SO KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG LA German DT Article DE autism; behavioral therapy; early intervention; social comminication ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; PARENTAL MENTAL-HEALTH; STONES TRIPLE-P; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; JOINT ATTENTION AB Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset, characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal interaction and communication, as well as repetitive and restricted interests and activities. Currently, the best empirical evidence exists for intensive behavioural intervention applying the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA). These interventions address a broad range of skills including cognitive, language, adaptive behaviour, and motor skills. More recent intervention studies focus on specifically enhancing social communication in children with ASD. This article provides a selective overview of evidence-based intensive behavioural intervention studies and parent trainings for ASD in order to facilitate evidence-based treatment recommendations for children with ASD and their families. C1 [Poustka, Luise; Rothermel, Boris; Banaschewski, Tobias] Zent Inst Seel Gesundheit, Klin Psychiat & Psychotherapie Kindes & Jugendalt, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Kamp-Becker, Inge] Univ Marburg, Univ Klinikum Giessen & Marburg GmbH, Klin Kinder & Jugendpsychiat & Psychotherapie, Marburg, Germany. 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AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.5740/jaoacint.SGE_Macfarlane PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 899FS UT WOS:000300802400007 PM 22468341 ER PT J AU Burton, A Kizhner, O Brown, MB Peltier, MR AF Burton, Aiyanna Kizhner, Oskar Brown, Mary B. Peltier, Morgan R. TI Effect of experimental genital mycoplasmosis on gene expression in the fetal brain SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Preterm birth; Infection; Cerebral palsy; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Autism ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; AUTISM-SPECTRUM DISORDERS; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; PULMONIS; ASSOCIATION AB Neurodevelopmental disorders may have their origins during intrauterine development. We used a well-defined animal model to test whether hematogenous infection with genital mycoplasma would alter the expression of genes associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In a preliminary experiment, rats were exposed at 14 days gestation (GD14) to Mycoplasma pulmonis or sterile broth and sacrificed at GD18. Infection and inflammation status of the pups was ascertained by culture and cytokine ELISA. Intra-cardiac injection of 10(6) CFU M. pulmonis resulted in amniotic infection of 100% of the pups and was accompanied by higher levels of IL-1 beta in amniotic fluids. In a second experiment, animals were infected in a similar manner but dams and their litters were sacrificed at GD18, GD21 or postpartum day 3 (PPD3). Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and neurodevelopmental genes in the fetal brains was evaluated. M. pulmonis infection significantly increased the expression of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and COX-2 in fetal and neonatal brains. Expression of GFAP and CD11b, markers for activation on astrocytes and microglial cells, respectively, was also increased for infected animals. M. pulmonis significantly increased SHANK-3 gene expression at GD21 and PPD3 and PCP-2 expression at GD21. No effect of M. pulmonis infection on Reelin. PTEN, BDNF or HGF was detected. These data suggest that M. pulmonis infection at GD14 increases the expression of proinflammatory genes in the perinatal brain. Further studies with earlier time-points of infection and ones that use behavioral outcomes are needed to better understand the potential role of genital mycoplasmosis on pychopathology. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peltier, Morgan R.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Res Inst, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Burton, Aiyanna; Kizhner, Oskar; Peltier, Morgan R.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Div Maternal Fetal Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Kizhner, Oskar] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. [Brown, Mary B.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Peltier, Morgan R.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Peltier, Morgan R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Peltier, MR (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Res Inst, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. 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Reprod. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 93 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jri.2011.11.005 PG 8 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 902IL UT WOS:000301031700002 PM 22244476 ER PT J AU Craig, AK de Menezes, MS Saneto, RP AF Craig, Alexa K. de Menezes, Marcio Sotero Saneto, Russell P. TI Dravet syndrome: Patients with co-morbid SCN1A gene mutations and mitochondrial electron transport chain defects SO SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY LA English DT Article DE Dravet syndrome; SCN1A; Mitochondrial disease; Electron transport chain; Autism ID SEVERE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; ALPERS-SYNDROME; DISEASE; INFANCY; SPECTRUM; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; METABOLISM; AUTISM AB Purpose: To review our cohort of patients with Dravet syndrome and determine if patients with SCN1A mutations can also express mitochondrial disease due to electron transport chain dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective chart review was used to describe clinical manifestations and retrieve biochemical testing, neuroimaging, gene sequencing, and electroencephalographic results of patients expressing both mitochondrial disease and Dravet syndrome. Results: Two children were found to have pathological mutations in the SCN1A gene and defects in mitochondrial electron transport chain complex activity. Both developed early febrile and medically intractable afebrile seizures with resulting neurocognitive decline. In the first patient, a muscle biopsy demonstrated complex IV dysfunction and in the second patient, complex III dysfunction. Patient 1 had more difficult to control seizures, and had features consistent with severe autism. Patient 2, who had earlier control and less severe seizures, did not have features of autism. Patient 1 had SCN1A missense mutation, c. 3734 G > A and patient 2 had a mutation, c. 3733 C > T, which produces a truncation mutation. Conclusion: Our two patients underscore the need to rule out possible co-morbid mitochondrial disease and Dravet syndrome. The treatment of seizures for each is different, with valproic acid being first line treatment in Dravet syndrome and contraindicated in many mitochondria' diseases, due to possible induction of liver failure and death. Failure to pursue complete diagnostic evaluation might influence medication choice, possible seizure control, and developmental outcomes. (C) 2011 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Craig, Alexa K.; Saneto, Russell P.] Univ Washington, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [de Menezes, Marcio Sotero] Swedish Med Ctr, Pediat Neurosci Ctr, Swedish Neurosci Inst, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Saneto, RP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Neurol, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM russ.saneto@seattlechildrens.org FU Mitochondrial Research Guild at Seattle Children's Hospital FX Author Russell P. Saneto has received support from the Mitochondrial Research Guild at Seattle Children's Hospital. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. 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PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1242/dmm.008268 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 897IG UT WOS:000300642200005 PM 21954066 ER PT J AU Nagano, R Akanuma, H Qin, XY Imanishi, S Toyoshiba, H Yoshinaga, J Ohsako, S Sone, H AF Nagano, Reiko Akanuma, Hiromi Qin, Xian-Yang Imanishi, Satoshi Toyoshiba, Hiroyoshi Yoshinaga, Jun Ohsako, Seiichiroh Sone, Hideko TI Multi-Parametric Profiling Network Based on Gene Expression and Phenotype Data: A Novel Approach to Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE developmental neurotoxicity; embryonic stem cells; high-content screening; Bayesian network modeling; gene expression; multi-parametric analysis ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; REGULATORY NETWORKS; ALTERNATIVE METHODS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; BAYESIAN NETWORKS; AUTISM; TOXICITY; DIFFERENTIATION; RATS AB The establishment of more efficient approaches for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT) has been an emerging issue for children's environmental health. Here we describe a systematic approach for DNT using the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a model of fetal programming. During embryoid body (EB) formation, mESCs were exposed to 12 chemicals for 24 h and then global gene expression profiling was performed using whole genome microarray analysis. Gene expression signatures for seven kinds of gene sets related to neuronal development and neuronal diseases were selected for further analysis. At the later stages of neuronal cell differentiation from EBs, neuronal phenotypic parameters were determined using a high-content image analyzer. Bayesian network analysis was then performed based on global gene expression and neuronal phenotypic data to generate comprehensive networks with a linkage between early events and later effects. Furthermore, the probability distribution values for the strength of the linkage between parameters in each network was calculated and then used in principal component analysis. The characterization of chemicals according to their neurotoxic potential reveals that the multi-parametric analysis based on phenotype and gene expression profiling during neuronal differentiation of mESCs can provide a useful tool to monitor fetal programming and to predict developmentally neurotoxic compounds. C1 [Nagano, Reiko; Akanuma, Hiromi; Qin, Xian-Yang; Toyoshiba, Hiroyoshi; Sone, Hideko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Hlth Risk Res Sect, Res Ctr Environm Risk, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Qin, Xian-Yang; Yoshinaga, Jun] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Environm Studies, Kashiwa, Chiba 2708563, Japan. [Imanishi, Satoshi; Ohsako, Seiichiroh] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Dis Biol & Integrat Med, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. RP Sone, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Hlth Risk Res Sect, Res Ctr Environm Risk, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM nagano.reiko@tasc-nt.or.jp; akanuma.hiromi@nies.go.jp; y_qin@envhlth.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; imanishi@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Toyoshiba_Hiroyoshi@takeda.co.jp; junyosh@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ohsako@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp; hsone@nies.go.jp FU Ministry of the Environment; Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan FX This study was supported in part by the Environmental Technology Development Fund (to H. S.) from the Ministry of the Environment and a Grant in Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of the Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (to S.O.). The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support of Noriko Oshima (GE Healthcare Japan Corporation) for analysis using the IN Cell Analyzer 1000 and Shigeru Koikegami (Second Lab, LLC) in constructing software for a Bayesian algorithm. 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J. Mol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 187 EP 207 DI 10.3390/ijms13010187 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 890ZE UT WOS:000300184800013 PM 22312247 ER PT J AU Blanchard, DC Defensor, EB Meyza, KZ Pobbe, RLH Pearson, BL Bolivar, VJ Blanchard, RJ AF Blanchard, D. Caroline Defensor, Erwin B. Meyza, Ksenia Z. Pobbe, Roger L. H. Pearson, Brandon L. Bolivar, Valerie J. Blanchard, Robert J. TI BTBR T plus tf/J mice: Autism-relevant behaviors and reduced fractone-associated heparan sulfate SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autism; Heparan sulfate; BTBR T plus tf/J; Social behavior; VBS; Social proximity; Object preference; Stereotypy; Diazepam; Gaze aversion ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; SOCIAL APPROACH BEHAVIORS; VISIBLE BURROW SYSTEM; DEFENSE TEST BATTERY; ELEVATED ZERO-MAZE; CORPUS-CALLOSUM; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; SCENT MARKING; T+TF/J MICE AB BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice have emerged as strong candidates to serve as models of a range of autism-relevant behaviors, showing deficiencies in social behaviors; reduced or unusual ultrasonic vocalizations in conspecific situations; and enhanced, repetitive self-grooming. Recent studies have described their behaviors in a seminatural visible burrow system (VBS); a Social Proximity Test in which avoidance of a conspecific is impossible; and in an object approach and investigation test evaluating attention to specific objects and potential stereotypies in the order of approaching/investigating objects. VBS results confirmed strong BTBR avoidance of conspecifics and in the Social Proximity Test, BTBR showed dramatic differences in several close-in behaviors, including specific avoidance of a nose-to-nose contact that may potentially be related to gaze-avoidance. Diazepam normalized social avoidance by BTBRs in a Three-Chamber Test, and some additional behaviors - but not nose to nose avoidance - in the Social Proximity Test. BTBR also showed higher levels of preference for particular objects, and higher levels of sequences investigating 3- or 4-objects in the same order. Heparan sulfate (HS) associated with fractal structures in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles was severely reduced in BTBR. HS may modulate the functions of a range of growth and guidance factors during development, and HS abnormalities are associated with relevant brain (callosal agenesis) and behavioral (reductions in sociality) changes; suggesting the value of examination of the dynamics of the HS system in the context of autism. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blanchard, D. Caroline] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Defensor, Erwin B.; Meyza, Ksenia Z.; Pobbe, Roger L. H.; Pearson, Brandon L.; Blanchard, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12208 USA. [Bolivar, Valerie J.] SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. 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Biobehav. Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 36 IS 1 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.06.008 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 894WS UT WOS:000300458800021 PM 21741402 ER PT J AU Vissers, ME Cohen, MX Geurts, HM AF Vissers, Marlies E. Cohen, Michael X. Geurts, Hilde M. TI Brain connectivity and high functioning autism: A promising path of research that needs refined models, methodological convergence, and stronger behavioral links SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Autism; ASD; Review; Brain connectivity; fMRI; DTI; EEG; MEG; Resting state; DMN ID DIAGNOSTIC OBSERVATION SCHEDULE; MATTER FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY; SPECTRUM DISORDERS; WHITE-MATTER; FRONTAL-CORTEX; ASPERGER-SYNDROME; INTERHEMISPHERIC CONNECTIVITY; CORTICAL UNDERCONNECTIVITY; STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION AB Here we review findings from studies investigating functional and structural brain connectivity in high functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The dominant theory regarding brain connectivity in people with ASD is that there is long distance under-connectivity and local over-connectivity of the frontal cortex. Consistent with this theory, long-range cortico-cortical functional and structural connectivity appears to be weaker in people with ASD than in controls. However, in contrast to the theory, there is less evidence for local over-connectivity of the frontal cortex. Moreover, some patterns of abnormal functional connectivity in ASD are not captured by current theoretical models. Taken together, empirical findings measuring different forms of connectivity demonstrate complex patterns of abnormal connectivity in people with ASD. The frequently suggested pattern of long-range under-connectivity and local over-connectivity is in need of refinement. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vissers, Marlies E.; Cohen, Michael X.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Univ van Amsterdam, Dept Psychol, NL-1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vissers, Marlies E.; Geurts, Hilde M.] Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Amsterdam Clin, NL-1105 BC Amsterdam, Netherlands. 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