Gujarati Tutorial

Structure of the Inscript Keyboard

Gujarati Characters Overview

Typing on the Inscript Keyboard

Conjunct List

Anuswar and the Nasal Consonants

Alternative Display Variants


Gujarati | Structure of the Inscript Keyboard
Structure of the Inscript Keyboard

The Inscript overlay is same for all the Indian scripts, and contains the basic characters required for all of them. The Inscript keyboard overlay shown is for the Gujarati script.  Sindhi which is primararily written in Perso-Arabic script, is also written in the Gujarati script.

When the Scroll Lock is Off (indicated by an LED), the normal English overlay is active. Scroll Lock has to be put On for selecting Inscript overlay.  Characters available in this overlay are shown in the right half of the key tops.

In the Inscript overlay the following English overlay characters are available in their usual places:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( ) - , .

Inscript Keyboard overlay has been optimized both for touch-typing as well as sight-typing.

Touch typing is done primarily through characters in the first three rows. The second row is the Home row in which the fingers of both hands rest. This makes the characters in the Home row easiest to type, followed by those in the 3rd row and then in the 1st row. The characters in the 4th row are primarily meant for sight typing.


Gujarati | Gujarati Characters Overview
Gujarati Characters Overview

The Inscript Keyboard overlay allows the following basic characters in Gujarati to be typed in.

+	+É	<	>	A	C	Eì	+à	+ä	+è	+Éà	+Éä	+Éè

#É	Ê#	#Ò	#Ö	#Ú 	#Þ	#à	#ä	#è	#Éà	#Éä	#Éè

#Æ	 (Chandrabindu)

#Å	 (Anuswar)

#&	 (Visarg)

Hí	LÉ	NÉ	PÉ	Rî

SÉ	Uï	Wð	]ñ	_É

`ò	có	eô	hõ	iÉ

lÉ	oÉ	qö	yÉ	{É

~É	£í	¥É	§É	©É

«É	­÷	±É	³	´É

¶É	ºÉ	»É	¾ú

#Ã 	(Halant)

*  	(Viram)

The Vowel / Nasal Pad

Left half of the keyboard contains the Vowels, Nasal signs and and Nasal consonants. In touch typing these characters have to be typed by the left hand.

The Vowels

The Home row contains the 5 short vowels in Gujarati.

A  +Éà	S  +à	D  +	F  <	G  A	  	Shift

Home Row	   #Éà	    #à	    #Ã	   Ê#	   #Ö	Unshift

Notice that a Matra is given in the Unshift position, while the corresponding vowel is given in the Shift position. This is convenient since the Matras are used more often than the vowels.

+ Vowel has got no corresponding Matra as its sound is inherently present in each consonant. A Halant #Ã sign has to be used to remove the inherent + sound from a consonant. Halant sign is used quite often for combining consonants, and is thus given in the Unshift position.

Q  +Éä	W  +ä	E +É	R  >	T  C	  	Long Vowels

3rd Row	   #Éä	   #ä	   #É	   #Ò	   #Ú

A  +Éà	S  +à	D  +	F  <	G   A	  	Short Vowels

Home Row	     #Éà	   #à	    #Ã    Ê#	    #Ö

There are 5 pairs of short and long vowels in Gujarati. All the short vowels are given in the Home row, and the corresponding long vowels are given in the 3rd row. One needs to remember the positions of the short vowels in the Home row. Position of a long vowel is in the key above the corresponding short vowel.

There are three more vowels in Gujarati which are not often used: Eì +è and +Éè. These Vowels and the corresponding Matras (#Þ, #è and #Éè) are given on different keys in the 4th row.

4th Row	!   +è	@ #è	+  Eì	 Shift

1      	 2     	=  #Þ	 Unshift

3rd Row	|  +Éè	Shift

\  #Éè	 Unshift

The key containing the +Éè vowel can have different positions on keyboards from different manufacturers. This does not affect touch typing since +Éè isused infrequently.

Nasal Signs and Nasal Consonants

X  #Æ	C  iÉ	 V   	   	Shift

1st Row	  #Å	    ©É	    {É	   	Unshift

Anuswar #Å is given in the Unshift position, while Chandrabindu #Æ which is used less often, is given in the Shift position of the same key.

Gujarati has 5 Nasal consonants Rî, _É, iÉ, {É and ©É. The Nasal consonants ©É {É and iÉ are provided in the left half of the first row. The Nasal consonants Rî and _É, used infrequently in Gujarati, are provided in the Shift positions of two keys in the right pad.

U   Rî	}   _É	  Shift

3rd Row

Consonant Pad

The Consonant Pad is in the right half of the keyboard. The characters in this pad are to be typed by the right hand during touch-typing.

Consonant Vargs

Gujarati has 5 Consonant Vargs, each having 5 consonants. These consonants are accommodated in the right pad of the keyboard.

Primary	Secondary	Nasal

Varg 1:	Hí	LÉ	NÉ	PÉ	Rî

Varg 2:	SÉ	Uï	Wð	]ñ	_É

Varg 3:	`ò	có	eô	hõ	iÉ

Varg 4:	lÉ	oÉ	qö	yÉ	{É

Varg 5:	~É	£í	¥É	§É	©É

Each Varg contains a pair of Primary consonants, a pair of Secondary consonants and a Nasal consonant. The two pairs of each Varg are kept in two vertical keys as shown below.

  varg	 varg	 varg	 varg	varg

      5	     1	     4	     2	    3

Y   §É	U    	I  PÉ	O  yÉ	P  ]ñ	{  hõ	  	Shift

3rd Row	   ¥É	  NÉ	   qö	  Wð	[  eô	  	Unshift

H   £í	J    	K   LÉ	L  oÉ	:  Uï	"  có	  	Shift

Home Row	      ~É	  	   Hí	  lÉ	;  SÉ	'  `ò	  	Unshift

This arrangement is not only easy to remember but also places the Primary consonants, which are more used, in the Home row.

The salient feature of this arrangement is that the consonant in the Shift position of a key is the "Aspirated" counterpart of the consonant in the Unshift position. This is possible since the second consonant of each of the Primary or Secondary pair is an Aspirated consonant. An Aspirated consonant has an extra "h" sound in it.

An aspirated consonant is used less frequently than its unaspirated counterpart. So the Unshift position of the keys is quite suitable for them.

 Primary	Secondary

Varg 1:	 Hí+¾ú = LÉ	NÉ+¾ú = PÉ

Varg 2:	 SÉ+¾ú = Uï	Wð+¾ú = ]ñ

Varg 3:	 `ò+¾ú = có	eô+¾ú = hõ

Varg 4:	 lÉ+¾ú = oÉ	qö+¾ú = yÉ

Varg 5:	 ~É+¾ú = £í	¥É+¾ú = §É

Note: The above table is just for illustrating the phonetic equivalence, you can't derive an aspirated consonant by typing an unaspirated consonant followed by a ¾ú.

Keeping all the aspirated consonants in the Shift position of their unaspirated counterparts, halves the efforts to remember them. This is just like the positioning of upper-case letters in the Shift positions of the lower-case letters in English.

To start with one has to remember the position of the 5 primary unaspirated consonants in the Home row, the positions of the rest of them can be easily learnt in relation to these.

The Non-Varg consonants

After the first 5 Vargs of Gujarati, come the Non-Varg consonants. These are also accommodated in the consonant pad on the right half of the overlay.

«É	­÷	±É	³	´É	¶É	ºÉ	»É	¾ú

­÷ is the most often used consonant amongst these, and is thus provided in the Home row, for ease of typing.

U

3rd Row	  ¾ú	Unshift

J     	  	Shift

Home Row	  ­÷	Unshift

B    	N  ³	M  ¶É	<  ºÉ	>     	?      	Shift

1st Row	  ´É	   ±É	   »É	 ,      	 .      	/   «É	Unshift

¶É which is similar to »É, though less frequent, is provided on its Shift position. ºÉ which has the same pronunciation as ¶É is provided on the Shift position of the adjacent key.

³ which is similar to ±É, though less frequent, is provided on its Shift position.

Viram

Gujarati uses the English full-stop at the end of a sentence. Single or double Viram are used in Sanskrit verses.

>   *	  	Shift

1st Row	 .     	  	Unshift

Visarg

Visarg #& which is an aspiration sign, is used infrequently in Gujarati. It is provided in the Shift position of a key in the 4th row.

_    #&	Shift

4th Row	-        	Unshift

Conjunct Keys

For convenience of typing, some Conjunct characters are provided in the Shift positions of some keys in the 4th row. The action of these keys is equivalent to typing the two or three characters comprising each of the corresponding conjuncts.

#   #Ä	$  #Ç	%  [É	^   mÉ	&  KÉ	*  ¸É	Shift

4th Row	3      	4    	5     	6     	7     	8      	Unshift

These keys are primarily meant for the occasional users. For touch-typing it would be more convenient to use the basic keys provided in the first 3 rows.


Gujarati | Typing on the Inscript Keyboard
Typing on the Inscript Keyboard

Everyone can have their own style of writing, but there has to be only one style for typing. Typing is done using limited number of keys on the keyboard. For typing a word we need to know how to break it up into a sequence of separate key strokes.

For example:

Hí> will be typed with 2 keys: Hí >

+Hí±É will be typed with 3 keys: + Hí ±É

Consonants

Following consonants are present in Gujarati. Each can be typed through a single keystroke.

Hí	LÉ	NÉ	PÉ	Rî

SÉ	Uï	Wð	]ñ	_É

`ò	có	eô	hõ	iÉ

lÉ	oÉ	qö	yÉ	{É

~É	£í	¥É	§É	©É

«É	­÷	±É	³	´É

¶É	ºÉ	»É	¾ú

Vowels

Gujarati has the following vowels:

+	+É	<	>	A	C	Eì	+à	+ä	+è	+Éà	+Éä	+Éè

Each of them, except +, has an associated Matra:

#É	Ê#	#Ò	#Ö	#Ú	#Þ	#à	#ä	#è	#Éà	#Éä	#Éè

+è and +Éè vowels are newly introducted into Gujarati for representing English sounds.

Each Vowel is typed separately, even though it may look as if it is a combination of another vowel with a Matra.

+É~É 	= +É ~É and not + #É ~É

+ÉàWð»É = +Éà Wð »É and not + #Éà Wð »É

+Éä­÷»É = +Éä ­÷ »É and not + #Éä ­÷ »É

+äeô 	= +ä eô and not + #ä {É eô

+è`ò©É 	= +è `ò ©É and not + #è `ò ©É

+Éè`ò©É = +Éè `ò ©É and not + #Éè `ò ©É

Matras

A Matra can attach to the top, bottom, left or right side of a consonant:

Hí	HíÉ	ÊHí	HíÒ	HÖí	HÚí	HÞí	Hàí	Häí	Hèí	HíÉà	HíÉä	HíÉè

It has to be typed immediately after a Consonant. It cannot be typed after a Vowel.

HíÉ{É	will be typed as: Hí #É {É

©ÉÒlÉ	will be typed as: ©É #Ò lÉ

EìlÉÖ	will be typed as: Eì lÉ #Ö

§ÉÚ±É	will be typed as: §É #Ú ±É

°÷~É	will be typed as: ­÷ #Ú ~É

¥Éè`ò	will be typed as: ¥É #è `ò

¥ÉÉè±É	will be typed as: ¥É #Éè ±É and not as  ¥É #è #É ±É

Note that the same #Ú Matra is used in both §ÉÚ±É and °÷~É. The computer logic is responsible for attaching it correctly.

»ÉàWð	= »É #à Wð

eàô­÷Ò	= eô #à ­÷ #Ò

HíÉä´ÉÉà	= Hí #Éä ´É #Éà  and not as  Hí #É #ä ´É #É #à

{ÉäÊlÉHí	= {É #ä lÉ Ê# Hí

XÊlÉ 	= Wð #É lÉ Ê#

Note that the Ê# Matra is also typed after a consonant according to its pronounciation. The computer logic will display it properly before the consonant.

Anuswar

An Anuswar #Å is used to denote a nasal sound.

~ÉÅ~É	= ~É #Å ~É

NÉáqö	= NÉ #à #Å qö

+ÅNÉ	= + #Å NÉ

­÷ÓSÉ	= ­÷ #Ò #Å SÉ

Ë¾úqöÒ	= ¾ú Ê# #Å qö #Ò

Note that an Anuswar has got to be placed after a Matra, Otherwise the Matra will not attach:

¾ÅúÊ#qöÒ = ¾ú #Å Ê# qö #Ò

Note that if a Matra is present, the Anuswar will always follow it according to the pronunciation order.

Chandrabindu

Chandrabindu #Æ is added to indicate nasalization of a vowel. Chandrabindu is not used in modern Gujarati.

Visarg

A Visarg #& can be used to indicate an aspiration sound:

+lÉ&	= + lÉ #&

qÖö&LÉ	= qö #Ö #& LÉ	  and not  qö&#ÖLÉ = qö #& #Ö LÉ

The Visarg is many times confused with an English colon sign ":". The common mistake is to type a colon instead of a Visarg.

Note that only one of Anuswar, Chandrabindu or Visarg can attach on a character.

Halant

Halant #Ã is typed to indicate a half character.

{É©É{ÉÃ	= {É ©É {É #Ã

~ÉÎ`Ãò`òHíÉ	= ~É `ò #Ã `ò Ê# Hí #É

Note that Ê# Matra is typed in the pronuciation order and gets displayed before the `Ãò`ò combination.

´ÉÉRÃî©É«É 	= ´É #É Rî #Ã ©É «É

+qÃö§ÉÖlÉ 	= + qö #Ã §É #Ö lÉ

Note that a Halant can be attached only on a consonant, and not on a vowel. It will be shown separately if placed in the wrong position:

HÖí#Ã	ÊHí#Ã	  	HÅí#Ã	Hí&#Ã

Further more only a consonant can come after a Halant, otherwise there would be no combination:

HÃí+ 	HÃíÊ#	HÃí#Å

Half Consonants

A Halant between two consonants disappears when the first consonant joins with the second one.

G«ÉÉ­à÷	= Hí #Ã «É #É ­÷ #à

eôÉèG`ò­÷	= eô #Éè Hí #Ã `ò ­÷

­÷ÉV«É	= ­÷ #É Wð #Ã «É

¶ÉÎGlÉ	= ¶É Hí #Ã lÉ Ê#

¾úÎ»lÉ	= ¾ú »É #Ã lÉ Ê#

©ÉSUï­÷	= ©É SÉ #Ã Uï ­÷

Ê´É¹É	= ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã ´É

Hí¶«É~É	= Hí ¶É #Ã «É ~É

Note that ¶É #Ã joins in different ways with ´É and «É in the above examples.

Conjuncts

The Halant can cause the adjoining consonants to assume a separate "conjunct" shape.

wöÉ­÷	= qö #Ã ´É #É ­÷

¶ÉÖuö	= ¶É #Ö qö #Ã yÉ

Note that many of these conjuncts show the first consonant in the full form, with a small form of the second consonant attached below.

Some conjuncts can have a shape different from the constituent consonants:

~É}ÉÉ	= ~É {É #Ã {É #É

­÷KÉÉ	= ­÷ Hí #Ã ºÉ #É 	and not 	­÷ Hí #Ã ¶É #É (­÷G¶ÉÉ)

Note: Hí #Ã ¶É is distinct and is used in words like -

Ê­÷G¶ÉÉ = ­÷ Ê# Hí #Ã ¶É #É

Ê´ÉvÉ	= ´É Ê# qö #Ã «É #É

[ÉÉ{É	= Wð #Ã _É #É {É   and not NÉ #Ã «É #É {É (N«ÉÉ{É)

lÉtö{É	= lÉ qö #Ã qö {É

Conjunct Keys

Some of the conjuncts can be typed in a single keystroke. These keystroke are equivalent to typing the constituent consonants with the Halant in between:

KÉ	= Hí #Ã ºÉ	­÷KÉÉ	= ­÷ KÉ #É	= ­÷ Hí #Ã ºÉ #É

mÉ	= lÉ #Ã ­÷	Ê©ÉmÉ	= ©É Ê# mÉ	= ©É Ê# lÉ #Ã ­÷

¸É	= ¶É #Ã ­÷	Ê´É¸ÉÉ©É	= ´É Ê# ¸É #É ©É	= ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã ­÷ #É ©É

[É	= Wð #Ã _É	[ÉÉ{É	= [É #É {É	= Wð #Ã _É #É {É

Note that these Conjunct keys are given only for convenience of an occasional user. For touch-typing it might be easier to type in without these Conjunct keys, using the basic keystrokes.

A Half consonant can be present before a conjunct:

¶ÉÉ»mÉ	=  ¶É #É »É #Ã mÉ	=  ¶É #É »É #Ã lÉ #Ã ­÷

A Half "conjunct" can be present before a consonant:

SÉÉÊ­÷m«É	=  SÉ #É ­÷ Ê# mÉ #Ã «É =  SÉ #É ­÷ Ê# lÉ #Ã ­÷ #Ã «É

Rakar

When #Ã is followed by a ­÷, a Rakar #Ä gets formed. This #Ä is also available directly as a Conjunct key, for providing convenience to an occasional user.

eÄô©É 	= eô #Ä ©É = eô #Ã ­÷ ©É

`×òoÉ 	= `ò #Ä #Ö oÉ = `ò #Ã ­÷ #Ö oÉ

+àG»`ÄòÉ 	= +à Hí #Ã »É #Ã `ò #Ä #É  =  +à Hí #Ã »É #Ã `ò #Ã ­÷ #É

Note that four consonants join in the above example to form a conjunct; this is the maximum for Gujarati.

The Rakar can have a single left-ward stroke along with many consonants.

Jí©É	= Hí #Ä ©É	= Hí #Ã ­÷ ©É

~ÉmÉ	= ~É lÉ #Ä	= ~É lÉ #Ã ­÷

Note: it can also be typed directly as ~É mÉ

Ê©É¸É	= ©É Ê# ¶É #Ã ­÷

Note: it can also be typed directly as ©É Ê# ¸É

röÉä~ÉqöÒ	= qö #Ã ­÷ #Éä ~É qö #Ò

¿ú»´É	= ¾ú #Ã ­÷ »É #Ã ´É

For touch typing it may be easier to type Rakar without the Conjunct key, as two separate keystrokes.

Reph

When ­÷ is followed by a #Ã, a Reph #Ç gets formed. This Reph is also available directly as a Conjunct key. The Reph has to be typed before the consonant on which it is shown.

If the Reph #Ç is not followed by a consonant, it changes to its equivalent: ­Ã÷

+£Çí 	= + #Ç £í  	=  + ­÷ #Ã £í

NÉ©ÉÔ 	= NÉ #Ç ©É #Ò  	=  NÉ ­÷ #Ã ©É #Ò

SÉÌWðlÉ = SÉ #Ç Wð Ê# lÉ 	=  SÉ ­÷ #Ã Wð Ê# lÉ

Note that #Ç and Ê# are entered in the order of their pronunciation although they are displayed in a different order.

Reph on a conjunct has to be typed in before the two or more consonants comprising it.

NÉ´É{©Éã`ò = NÉ ´É #Ç {É #Ã ©É #à #Å `ò  = NÉ ´É ­÷ #Ã {É #Ã ©É #à #Å `ò

Alternative Composition of the Words

Some special ways of typing are provided to achieve variations in display of a word. These special ways should be used only in exceptional cases, as they change the basic spelling of a word.

Invisible Consonant INV

Sometimes it becomes necessary to show characters like

#Ä	#Ç	#å 	 	~

These can be formed only by attaching them to a consonant. If we type these directly we will get for the previous examples:

#Ã­÷	­Ã÷ 	#ä#Å	~ÉÃ

An Invisible Consonant called INV is provided for forming these. This INV Consonant is located in the Shift position of the ESCAPE key, and is available only when the Inscript overlay has been selected.

 	INV 	Shift

ESC 	Unshift

The INV Consonant can be used in the following ways:

#Ä 	= INV #Ã ­÷

#Ç 	= ­÷ #Ã INV

#å 	= INV #ä  #Å

~ 	= ~É #Ã INV

INV can be used for obtaining alternative spellings of some words, by preventing formation of conjuncts.

Ê´É¹É = ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã ´É	Ê´É¶´É = ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã INV ´É

+}É = + {É #Ã {É 	+{{É = + {É #Ã INV {É

~É·SÉÉlÉ = ~É ¶É #Ã SÉ #É lÉ	~É¶SÉÉlÉ = ~É ¶É #Ã INV SÉ #É lÉ

INV can be used for preventing formation of conjunct, so long as there is no Ê# Matra on the conjunct.

+É~ÉÊnÉ	= +É ~É lÉ #Ã lÉ Ê# 	+É~ÉlÊlÉ	= +É ~É lÉ #Ã INV lÉ Ê#

In the previous word the Ê# Matra is in the wrong position. This could be corrected by typing it differently:

+É~ÉÎllÉ	= +É ~É lÉ #Ã INV Ê# lÉ

Soft Halant (Or Halant-Nukta)

There is a more elegant way of preventing formation of conjuncts by adding a Nukta (NUK) sign (Located on the Unshift position of the "]" key) after the appropriate Halant sign. All the Matras would now attach properly.

Ê´É¹É	 = ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã ´É	Ê´É¶´É	  = ´É Ê# ¶É #Ã NUK ´É

+É~ÉÊnÉ = +É ~É lÉ #Ã lÉ Ê#	+É~ÉÎllÉ = +É ~É lÉ #Ã NUK lÉ Ê#

~ÉÊ·SÉ©É = ~É ¶É #Ã SÉ Ê# ©É	~ÉÎ¶SÉ©É  = ~É ¶É #Ã NUK SÉ Ê# ©É

Explicit Halant (Or Double Halant)

Apart from preventing formation of a conjunct, sometimes it may be desirable to show an explicit Halant, rather than the Half form of a consonant. This can be achieved by just typing the Halant twice:

G±Éà¶É	= Hí #Ã ±É #à ¶É	HÃí±Éà¶É	= Hí #Ã #Ã ±É #à ¶É

¶ÉÎGlÉ	= ¶É Hí #Ã lÉ Ê#	¶ÉHÃíÊlÉ	= ¶É Hí #Ã #Ã lÉ Ê#

Note that the Ê# Matra is displayed after the Explicit Halant.

¡É½±ÉÉqö	= ~É #Ã ­÷ ¾ú #Ã ±É #É qö	¡É¾Ãú±ÉÉqö = ~É #Ã ­÷ ¾ú #Ã #Ã ±É #É qö


Gujarati | Conjunct List
Conjunct List

Following conjuncts are automatically formed in iLEAP

KÉ	= Hí #Ã ºÉ

Ií	= Hí #Ã Hí

Jí	= Hí #Ã ­÷

MÉ	= LÉ #Ã ­÷

OÉ	= NÉ #Ã ­÷

QÉ	= PÉ #Ã ­÷

TÉ	= SÉ #Ã ­÷

[É	= Wð #Ã _É

Zð	= Wð #Ã ­÷

nÉ	= lÉ #Ã lÉ

mÉ	= lÉ #Ã ­÷

pÉ	= oÉ #Ã ­÷

tö	= qö #Ã qö

uö	= qö #Ã yÉ

v	= qö #Ã «É

rö	= qö #Ã ­÷

wö	= qö #Ã ´É

}É	= {É #Ã {É

|É	= {É #Ã ­÷

¡É	= ~É #Ã ­÷

¤í	= £í #Ã ­÷

¦É	= ¥É #Ã ­÷

¨É	= §É #Ã ­÷

ªÉ	= ©É #Ã ­÷

«ÉÄ	= «É #Ã ­÷

µÉ	= ´É #Ã ­÷

¸É	= ¶É #Ã ­÷

¹É	= ¶É #Ã ´É

·SÉ	= ¶É #Ã SÉ

¼É	= »É #Ã ­÷

¿ú	= ¾ú #Ã ­÷


Gujarati | Anuswar and the Nasal Consonants
Anuswar and the Nasal Consonants

Anuswar can many times denote a half-nasal consonant. This provides two ways of writing the same word:

Ë¾úqöÒ with Anuswar and Ê¾ú{qöÒ with {ÉÃ

SÉÅ~ÉÉ with Anuswar and SÉ©~ÉÉ with ©ÉÃ

+Åeô with Anuswar and +ieô with iÉÃ

In general the spelling with Anuswar is to be preferred, since it is more compact.

In Gujarati the Nasal consonants Rî and _É occur mostly in their half form-allowing them to be always represented with an Anuswar.

NÉÅNÉÉ	instead of 	NÉRÃîNÉÉ

~ÉÅX	instead of 	~É_X

When a Half Nasal consonant comes before the same Nasal consonant, it can't be substituted with an Anuswar:

NÉ©©ÉlÉ	and not	NÉÅ©ÉlÉ

+}É	and not	+Å{É

In general a Half Nasal consonant can be converted to an Anuswar only if  it comes before a Non-nasal consonant belonging to the same Varg.

Varg 1:	+ÅHí	= +RÃîHí	~ÉÅLÉ	= ~ÉRÃîLÉ	NÉÅNÉÉ	= NÉRÃîNÉÉ	»ÉÅPÉ	= »ÉRÃîPÉ

Varg 2:	©ÉÅSÉ	= ©É_SÉ	~ÉÅUïÒ	= ~É_UïÒ	~ÉÅX	= ~É_X	»ÉÉÅ]ñ 	= »ÉÉ_]ñ

Varg 3:	PÉÅ`òÉ	= PÉi`òÉ	HÅícó	= Híicó	]ÅñeôÉ	= ]ñieôÉ 	»ÉÚÅhõ	= »ÉÚihõ

Varg 4:	»ÉÅlÉ	= »É{lÉ	~ÉÅoÉ	= ~É{oÉ	©ÉÅqö	= ©É{qö	NÉÅyÉ	= NÉ{yÉ

Varg 5: 	HÅí~É	= Hí©~É	¾ÚÅú£í	= ¾Úú©£í	¥ÉÅ¥ÉÉ	= ¥É©¥ÉÉ	»lÉÅ§É	= »lÉ©§É

The Anuswar can't be changed to a Nasal consonant in the following words, as it is followed by a Non-Varg consonant:

»ÉÅ«É©É	»ÉÅ­÷KÉiÉ	»ÉÅ´ÉÉqö	´ÉÅ¶É	¾Åú»É	»ÉÅ¾úÉ­÷

Similarly the following half Nasal consonants can't be changed to an Anuswar:

+{«É	»ÉÉ©«É	´ÉÉRÃî©É«É	~Éà{`ò

Finally, an Anuswar can't be followed by a half Nasal consonant, so the following words are wrong:

HÅí©~«ÉÚ`ò­÷	»ÉÅ{yÉÒ


Gujarati | Alternative Display Variants
Alternative Display Variants

There are combinations of consonants and matras that have more than one written form. Example :

~É`Ãò`òÉ	and 	~ÉaòÉ

°÷~É«ÉÉ	and	¯ù~É«ÉÉ

The Alternative forms are obtained as shown in the table below.

Default	Alternative

`Ãò`ò	=	`ò #Ã `ò	aò	=	`ò #Ã #Ã #Ã `ò

`Ãòcó	=	`ò #Ã có	bò	=	`ò #Ã #Ã #Ã có

cÃócó	=	có #Ã có	dó	=	có #Ã #Ã #Ã có

eÃôeô	=	eô #Ã eô	fô	=	eô #Ã #Ã #Ã eô

eÃôhõ	=	eô #Ã hõ	gô	=	eô #Ã #Ã #Ã hõ

°÷	=	­÷ #Ú	¯ù	=	­÷ #Ú #Ú

­Ú÷	=	­÷ #Ú #Ú #Ú

®ø	=	­÷ #Ö 	­Ö÷	=	­÷ #Ö #Ö

¶ÉÞ	=	¶É #Þ	·ÉÞ	=	¶É #Þ #Þ

¶«É	=	¶É #Ã «É	·«É	=	¶É #Ã #Ã #Ã «É